Authors
stringlengths 1
1.76k
⌀ | Title
stringlengths 4
310
⌀ | Year
float64 0
3.11B
⌀ | Source
stringlengths 1
4.67k
⌀ | Abstract
stringlengths 1
29.9k
⌀ | DOI
stringlengths 13
83
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Louise Camm-Crosbie|Louise Bradley|Rebecca Shaw|Simon Baron?Cohen|Sarah Cassidy
|
‘People like me don’t get support’: Autistic adults’ experiences of support and treatment for mental health difficulties, self-injury and suicidality
| 2,018 |
Coventry University|Coventry University|Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust|University of Cambridge|Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust|Coventry University|University of Cambridge|University of Nottingham
|
autistic people high risk mental health problems selfinjury suicidality however studies explored autistic peoples experiences treatment support difficulties partnership steering group autistic adults online survey developed explore individuals experiences treatment support mental health problems selfinjury suicidality first time total 200 autistic adults 122 females 77 males 1 unreported aged 1867 mean 389 years standard deviation 115 without cooccurring intellectual disability completed online survey thematic analysis openended questions resulted overarching theme individually tailored treatment support beneficial desirable consisted three underlying themes 1 difficulties accessing treatment support 2 lack understanding knowledge autistic people cooccurring mental health difficulties 3 appropriate treatment support lack impacted autistic peoples wellbeing likelihood seeing suicide future findings demonstrate urgent need autism treatment pathways mental health services
|
https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2483263
|
Fabian Zehner|Christine Sälzer|Frank Goldhammer
|
Automatic Coding of Short Text Responses via Clustering in Educational Assessment
| 2,015 |
DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education
|
automatic coding short text responses opens new doors assessment implemented integrated baseline methods natural language processing statistical modelling means software components available open licenses accuracy automatic text coding demonstrated using data collected programme international student assessment pisa 2012 germany free text responses 10 items formula see text responses total analyzed examined effect different methods parameter values sample sizes performance implemented system system reached fair good excellent agreement human codings formula see text especially items solved naming specific semantic concepts appeared properly coded system performed equally well formula see text somewhat poorer still acceptable formula see text based findings discuss potential innovations assessment enabled automatic coding short text responses
|
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/353290
|
Xiaojun Wan
|
Automatic Text Simplification
| 2,018 |
Peking University
|
automatic text simplification special task texttotext generation converts text another text easier read understand underlying meaning information remains text simplification system usually replaces difficult unknown phrases simpler equivalents transforms long syntactically complex sentences shorter less complex ones example siddharthan 2006 first sentence contains two relative clauses one conjoined verb phrase text simplified version also contributing firmness copper analyst noted report chicago purchasing agents precedes full purchasing agents report due today gives indication full report might hold also contributing firmness copper analyst noted report chicago purchasing agents chicago report precedes full purchasing agents report chicago report gives indication full report might hold full report due todayresearch automatic text simplification started 20 years ago become important area natural language processing nlp attracted much attention recent years text simplification facilitates adaptation textual material also helps make texts easier process use thus making accessible information reality however easy task involves lexical syntactic semantic issues possesses interesting challengesthis book written horacio saggion covers key issues text simplification including automatic readability assessment lexical simplification syntactic simplification machine learningbased simplification applications text simplification moreover describes several typical full text simplification systems introduces text simplification evaluation techniques offers available resources research development book written elegant way enjoyed reading consists nine chapters chapter focused single specific topic text simplification readers easily choose one several almost selfcontained chapters covering topics interested inchapter 1 briefly introduces automatic text simplification need technology introduces two different text simplification tasks address different subproblems lexical simplification syntactic simplification text simplification tools useful large range users reading difficulties eg people aphasia autism spectrum disorder tools used create adapted versions texts specific populations appreciate text simplification task promising nlp technology social goodchapter 2 provides overview topic readability assessment relevant many approaches automatic text simplification readability assessment techniques used determine complexity given text thus compare outputs different text simplification systems trivial automatically assess readability level text chapter several classical readability formulas presented discussed including flesch reading ease score fleschkincaid readability formula fog readability score smog readability score robust methods relying rich syntactic semantic features described along typical classification regression algorithms eg svm knn logistic regression used methodschapter 3 covers techniques addressing lexical simplification problem replacing words phrases simpler equivalents introduces first approach lexical simplification based wordnet carroll et al 1998 spanish lexical simplification system based word sense disambiguation approaches based comparable corpora distributional lexical semantics described followed description numerical expression simplification system chapter also covers relevant evaluation challenges complex word identification lexical simplification provide benchmark data sets future researchchapter 4 covers techniques address syntactic simplification problem simplifying syntactic structure sentences phrases note chapter introduces rulebased approaches require large annotated corpora describes first syntactic simplification approach targeting constructions relative clauses appositions chandrasekar doran srinivas 1996 approach using typed dependencies followed full rulebased simplification system implemented pipeline four main components approaches relying information extraction generation also outlined chapter contains examples rules helpful readers understandingchapter 5 covers techniques learn simplification corpora chapter first introduces methods cast text simplification monolingual machine translation specia 2010 surveys methods use statistical syntactictree translation process also surveys optimization techniques rule application recent techniques incorporate semantic information simplification problem growth computing power data scale learningbased simplification methods become prevalent neural network models especially sequencetosequence models successfully applied text simplification readers encouraged read recent papers supplement chapterchapter 6 presents three fully fledged text simplification systems different readerships languages pset english carroll et al 1998 simplext spanish saggion et al 2011 porsimples brazilian portuguese alusio gasperin 2010 systems designed specific target populations people aphasia people low literacy people cognitive disabilities details systems described clearly benefit practitioners build text simplification systemschapter 7 introduces various applications automatic text simplification chapter first introduces applications text simplification specific target populations covered chapter 6 describes use text simplification facilitate nlp tasks including parsing information extraction text summarization personally like see usefulness text simplification nlp tasks also expect see extensive use text simplification nlp fieldchapter 8 covers two important topics text simplificationthe available data sets experimentation current evaluation techniques chapter introduces lexical resources english nonenglish corpora text simplification useful building testing text simplification models systems chapter provides automatic evaluation metrics methods including machine learningbased ones note automatic evaluation accurate enough human evaluation usually reliable automatic evaluation text simplification develop accurate automatic evaluation metrics techniques research direction areachapter 9 concludes overview field text simplification critical view current stateoftheart approachesin summary saggions book provides comprehensive indepth introduction automatic text simplification covering methodologies resources text simplification worth noting materials reading end chapter also valuable resources book recommended researchers students practitioners work area text simplification also wide range readers interested area still long way go interesting area look forward seeing new approaches resources text simplification
|
https://doi.org/10.7196/sajch.2016.v10i2.887
|
Judit Kormos|Kata Csizér
|
The Interaction of Motivation, Self?Regulatory Strategies, and Autonomous Learning Behavior in Different Learner Groups
| 2,013 |
Lancaster University|Eötvös Loránd University
|
autonomous learning effective selfregulatory strategies increasingly important foreign language learning without students might able exploit learning opportunities outside language classrooms study investigated influence motivational factors selfregulatory strategies autonomous learning behavior researchers developed new questionnaire hungarian learners administered secondary school students university students adult language learners structural equation models show strong instrumental goals international posture together positive future selfguides prerequisites use effective selfregulatory strategies turn play important role influencing autonomous use traditional computerassisted learning resources findings reveal major structural differences groups suggests model applicable important language learner populations context investigated efficient management time boredom well proactivity seeking learning opportunities found necessary promote autonomous use traditional learning resources contrast satiation control time management important determiners independent use modern learning technology results indicate order exploit affordances learning technology proactive approach locating using learning resources necessary
|
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/291029
|
Arthur C. Graesser
|
Conversations with AutoTutor Help Students Learn
| 2,016 |
University of Memphis
|
autotutor helps students learn holding conversation natural language autotutor adaptive learners actions verbal contributions systems emotions many autotutors conversation patterns simulate human tutoring patterns implement ideal pedagogies open door computer tutors eclipsing human tutors learning gains indeed current versions autotutor yield learning gains par novice expert human tutors article selectively highlights status autotutors dialogue moves learning gains implementation challenges differences human ideal tutors systems evolved autotutor current future autotutor projects investigating threeparty conversations called trialogues two agents tutor student interact human learner
|
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/150658
|
Arthur C. Graesser|Shulan Lu|G. Tanner Jackson|Heather H. Mitchell|M. J. Ventura|Andrew Olney|Max M. Louwerse
|
AutoTutor: A tutor with dialogue in natural language
| 2,004 |
University of Memphis|University of Memphis|University of Memphis|University of Memphis|University of Memphis|University of Memphis|University of Memphis
|
autotutor learning environment tutors students holding conversation natural language autotutor developed newtonian qualitative physics computer literacy design inspired explanationbased constructivist theories learning intelligent tutoring systems adaptively respond student knowledge empirical research dialogue patterns tutorial discourse autotutor presents challenging problems formulated questions curriculum script engages mixed initiative dialogue guides student building answer provides student positive neutral negative feedback students typed responses pumps student information prompts student fill missing words gives hints fills missing information assertions identifies corrects erroneous ideas answers students questions summarizes answers autotutor produced learning gains approximately 70 sigma deep levels comprehension
|
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/163292
|
Mandar Mainkar|Dilip B Pardeshi|Jayesh Dale|Sucheta Deshpande|Shirin Khazi|Abhishek Gautam|Prabuddhagopal Goswami|Rajatashuvra Adhikary|Shreena Ramanathan|Bitra George|Ramesh Paranjape
|
Targeted interventions of the Avahan program and their association with intermediate outcomes among female sex workers in Maharashtra, India
| 2,011 |
National AIDS Research Institute|National AIDS Research Institute|National AIDS Research Institute|National AIDS Research Institute|National AIDS Research Institute|National Heart Institute|National Heart Institute|National Heart Institute|National Heart Institute|National Heart Institute|National AIDS Research Institute
|
avahan india aids initiative partner supporting targeted interventions high risk populations indias national aids control organisation naco since 2004 state maharashtra paper presents assessment avahan program among female sex workers fsws maharashtra coverage outcomes achieved association avahan program analytical framework based avahan evaluation design used addressing assessment questions program implementation intermediate outcomes association outcomes avahan data routine program monitoring two rounds crosssectional integrated behavioural biological assessments ibbas conducted 2006 round 1 r1 2009 round 2 r2 quality assessments program clinics used bivariate multivariate analysis conducted using complex samples module spss 15 ibm somers ny avahan program achieved coverage 66 fsws within four years implementation ibba data showed increased contact peers r2 compared r1 aor234 p0001 reported condom use clients increased r2 number fsws reporting zero unprotected sex acts increased 762 r1 946 r2 aor 51 p0001 significant declines observed prevalence syphilis rpr 158 108 aor054 p0001 chlamydia 8 62 aor065 p0010 gonorrohoea 74 39 aor060 p0026 r1 r2 hiv prevalence increased 258 275 aor129 p004 districtwise analysis showed decline three districts increase mumbai thane districts fsws exposed avahan higher consistent condom use occasional 943 vs 906 aor 155 p004 regular clients 925 vs 860 aor 195 p0001 compared fsws unexposed avahan decline high titre syphilis associated avahan exposure avahan program scaled achieved high coverage fsws maharashtra amidst multiple intervention players avahan coverage fsws associated improved safe sexual practices declines stis prevalence hiv increased requiring detailed understanding data confirmed new approaches hiv control
|
https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v4i0.6355
|
S. Thilakavathi|Boopathi Kangusamy|CP Girish Kumar|Santhakumar Aridoss|R. Senthilkumar|C Eswaramurthy|V Ilaya Bharathy|Lakshmi Ramakrishnan|Gay Thongamba|Rajatashuvra Adhikary|Ramesh Paranjape
|
Assessment of the scale, coverage and outcomes of the Avahan HIV prevention program for female sex workers in Tamil Nadu, India: is there evidence of an effect?
| 2,011 |
National Institute of Epidemiology|National Institute of Epidemiology|National Institute of Epidemiology|National Institute of Epidemiology|National Institute of Epidemiology|National Institute of Epidemiology|National Institute of Epidemiology|National Heart Institute|National Heart Institute|National Heart Institute|National AIDS Research Institute
|
avahan india aids initiative largescale hiv prevention program using peermediated approaches sti services implemented highrisk groups hiv six states india paper describes assessment program among female sex workers fsws southern state tamil nadu analytical framework based avahan impact evaluation design used routine program monitoring data two rounds crosssectional biological behavioural surveys among fsws 2006 round 1 2009 round 2 quality assessments clinical services sexually transmitted infections stis used assess trends coverage condom use prevalence stis hiv association program exposure logistic regression analysis used examine trends intermediate outcomes associations intervention exposure avahan program tamil nadu scaled achieved monthly reported coverage 79 within four years implementation crosssectional survey data showed increasing proportion fsws reached avahan 54 round 1 86 round 2 aor47p0001 quality assessments sti clinical services showed consistent improvement quality scores 30 2005 45 2008 condom distribution program rose cover estimated commercial sex acts reported consistent condom use increased round 1 round 2 occasional 72 93 aor55 p0001 regular clients 68 89 aor43 p0001 reactive syphilis serology declined significantly 97 22 aor02 p0001 hiv prevalence remained stable 61 rounds strong association avahan exposure consistent condom use commercial clients however association seen declines stis avahan program tamil nadu achieved high coverage fsws resulting outcomes improved condom use declining syphilis stabilizing hiv prevalence expected outcomes following program logic model declining hiv prevalence among general population groups suggest potential impact high risk group interventions hiv epidemic tamil nadu
|
https://doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i1.10042
|
Cristóbal Carnero?Pardo|Manuel Gurpegui|Emilio Sánchez?Cantalejo|Ana Frank|S Mola|M. S. Barquero|M T Montoro-Ríos
|
Diagnostic accuracy of the Eurotest for dementia: a naturalistic, multicenter phase II study
| 2,006 |
Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves|Universidad de Granada|Andalusian School of Public Health|Hospital Universitario La Paz|Hospital Vega Baja|Hospital Clínico San Carlos|Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves
|
available screening tests dementia limited usefulness influenced patients culture educational level eurotest instrument based knowledge handling money designed overcome limitations objective study evaluate diagnostic accuracy eurotest identifying dementia customary clinical practicea crosssectional multicenter naturalistic phase ii study conducted eurotest administered consecutive patients older 60 years general neurology clinics patients condition classified dementia dementia according dsmiv diagnostic criteria calculated sensitivity sn specificity sp area roc curves aroc 95 confidence intervals influence social educational factors scores evaluated multiple linear regression analysis influence factors diagnostic accuracy evaluated logistic regressionsixteen neurologists recruited total 516 participants 101 dementia 380 without dementia 35 excluded 481 participants took eurotest 387 totally functionally illiterate 455 received formal education mean time needed administer test 8220 minutes best cutoff point 2021 sn 091 084096 sp 082 077085 aroc 093 091095 neither scores eurotest diagnostic accuracy influenced social educational factorsthis naturalistic pragmatic study shows eurotest rapid simple useful screening instrument free educational influences appropriate internal external validity
|
https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0161
|
Maria da Glória Teixeira|Maurício Lima Barreto|Maria da Conceição Nascimento Costa|Agostino Strina|David Martins|Matildes da Silva Prado
|
Sentinel areas: a monitoring strategy in public health
| 2,002 |
Universidade Federal da Bahia|Hospital Ana Nery|SANE Mental Health Charity|SANE Mental Health Charity|SANE Mental Health Charity|SANE Mental Health Charity|SANE Mental Health Charity
|
available techniques monitoring health situation proven insufficient thus leading discussion need improvement based new data collection strategies allowing data use local health systems article presents methodological basis strategy monitor health problems utilizing demarcated intraurban spaces called sentinel areas collect fundamental social economic behavioral biological data public health allow closer approach reality complex social spaces authors present experience developed salvador bahia brazil evaluate epidemiological impact environmental sanitation program discuss selection criteria areas potential uses strategy allowing rapid utilization epidemiological resources health services timely application results reorient enhance health intervention practices
|
https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.19652
|
Maria Stewart|Soma D Nikhanj|David H Timm|William Thomas|Joanne L. Slavin
|
Evaluation of the Effect of Four Fibers on Laxation, Gastrointestinal Tolerance and Serum Markers in Healthy Humans
| 2,010 |
University of Minnesota|University of Minnesota|University of Minnesota|University of Minnesota|University of Minnesota
|
average dietary fiber intake united states roughly half recommended amount new dietary fiber products introduced increase fiber intake critical evaluate physiological effects fibersthis study examined effect 4 fibers derived maize tapioca fecal chemistry gastrointestinal gi symptoms serum markers chronic diseasetwenty healthy subjects completed singleblind crossover study 12 gday fiber pullulan promitor resistant starch soluble fiber dextrin promitor soluble corn fiber placebo maltodextrin consumed 14 days followed 21day washout gi symptom surveys completed days 3 14 stools collected days 1114 diet recorded days 1214 fasting blood samples obtained day 15the 4 test fibers well tolerated mild moderate gi symptoms total shortchain fatty acid scfa concentrations differ among treatments fecal ph individual scfas affected treatments stool weight serum markers chronic disease change treatmentsincreasing fiber intake 12 gday well tolerated may positive impact colon health due fermentation
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.118.010635
|
Katerini T. Storeng|Susan F. Murray|Mélanie S. Akoum|Fatoumata Ouattara|Véronique Filippi
|
Beyond body counts: A qualitative study of lives and loss in Burkina Faso after ‘near-miss’ obstetric complications
| 2,010 |
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|University of Oslo|King's College London|AFRICSanté|Population Environment Development Laboratory|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
|
averting womens pregnancyrelated death today recognised international health development priority maternal survival sense success story however little research happens women survive severe obstetric complications main causes maternal mortality paper examines findings repeated indepth interviews 64 women survived clinically defined nearmiss interviews conducted part prospective longitudinal study women nearly died pregnancyrelated complications burkina faso poor country west africa drawing sociological anthropological perspectives consider defining characteristics loss social much biomedical paper seeks understand loss disruption familiar forms patterns life womens accounts lives year following nearmiss event show events blood loss seizures infections also household crisis available resources mobilised train physical economic social consequences paper argues nearmiss events characterised nearloss womans life also frequently loss baby significant disruptions three overlapping dimensions womens lives include disruption bodily integrity injury ongoing illness loss strength stamina disruption household economy high expenditure debts loss productive capacity disruption social identity social stability maternal health policy needs concerned averting loss life also preventing ameliorating others losses set motion obstetric crisis
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.2.115
|
Delphine S. Tuot|Yunnuo Zhu|Alexandra Velásquez|Juan Gabriel Espinoza|Claudia Mendez|Tanushree Banerjee|Chi-yuan Hsu|Neil R. Powe
|
Variation in Patients’ Awareness of CKD according to How They Are Asked
| 2,016 |
Épidémiologie Clinique, Évaluation Économique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables|Épidémiologie Clinique, Évaluation Économique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables|University of California, San Francisco|Épidémiologie Clinique, Évaluation Économique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables|University of California, San Francisco|Épidémiologie Clinique, Évaluation Économique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables|University of California, San Francisco
|
awareness ckd necessary patient engagement adherence medical regimens accurate tool assess awareness important use national health nutrition examination survey nhanes ckd awareness question ever told doctor health professional weak failing kidneys excluding kidney stones bladder infections incontinence produces surprisingly low measures ckd awareness sought compare sensitivity specificity different questions ascertaining awareness ckd health conditionsbetween august 2011 august 2014 inperson questionnaire administered 220 adults ckd diabetes hypertension hyperlipidemia received primary care public health care delivery system ascertain awareness condition ckd awareness measured using nhanes question questions asking patients knew kidney disease protein urine kidney problem kidney damage demographic data selfreported health literacy measured sensitivity specificity question calculated using medical record gold standardin diverse population 96 white 406 black 365 hispanic 123 asian mean age 58 years 30 nonenglish language preference 45 low health literacy eighty percent participants ckd mean egfr 472 mlmin per 173 m2 sensitivities ckd awareness question 264 kidney damage 277 kidney disease 332 weak failing kidneys 398 protein urine 401 kidney problem specificities ranged 822 976 best twoquestion combination yielded sensitivity 531 specificity 833 lower awareness hypertension 901 diabetes 918ckd awareness low compared chronic diseases regardless ascertained nevertheless sensitive questions ascertain ckd awareness suggest current underascertainment
|
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01180
|
Mohamad Fazli Sabri|Teo Tze Juen
|
The Influence of Financial Literacy, Saving Behaviour, and Financial Management on Retirement Confidence among Women Working in the Malaysian Public Sector
| 2,014 |
Universiti Putra Malaysia|Universiti Putra Malaysia
|
awareness retirement confidence found low many people especially womenmuch past research revealed women consistently perform poor level retirement confidence compared menthis study aims examine influence financial literacy saving behaviour financial management retirement confidence among women working malaysian public sectormultistage random sampling technique applied sampling technique study708 respondents participated studythis study applied pearson correlational analysis determine relationship variablesthe findings reveal retirement confidence positively correlated financial literacy saving behaviour financial managementfurthermore multiple regression analysis applied determine predictors retirement confidencethis study concludes financial literacy saving behaviour financial management financial status significant predictors retirement confidence among working women financial management major factor contributing towards retirement confidencethe findings study practical implications financial advisors helping working women aware future retirement life financial needs prevent financial crisis later years
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211205
|
Joshua Z. Willey|Olajide Williams|Bernadette Boden?Albala
|
Stroke literacy in Central Harlem
| 2,009 |
Harlem Hospital Center|Columbia University|Faculty of 1000 (United States)|Harlem Hospital Center|Columbia University|Faculty of 1000 (United States)|Harlem Hospital Center|Columbia University|Faculty of 1000 (United States)
|
awareness stroke warning symptoms risk factors stroke literacy well knowledge available treatment options may poor highrisk populations sought evaluate stroke literacy among residents central harlem predominantly african american population crosssectional studyten communitybased sites central harlem identified 2005 2006 administration stroke knowledge survey trained volunteers administered inperson closedended questionnaires focused stroke symptoms risk factorsa total 1023 respondents completed survey african americans comprised 657 n 672 survey cohort brain correctly identified site stroke occurs 537 respondents whereas heart incorrectly identified 208 chest pain identified symptom stroke 397 multivariable analyses african americans odds ratio 220 95 confidence interval ci 109445 hispanics 527 95 ci 2461130 less likely identify brain damaged organ stroke hispanics likely incorrectly identify chest pain stroke symptom compared whites 340 95 ci 149777 associations found calling 911 raceethnicity stroke knowledge although women likely men call 911 050 95 ci 030080significant deficiencies stroke literacy exist highrisk population especially compared national means culturally tailored sustainable educational campaigns tested highrisk populations part stroke public health initiatives
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12107
|
Sabine Oertelt?Prigione|Ute Seeland|Friederike Kendel|Mirjam Rücke|Agnes Flöel|Wolfgang Gaissmaier|Christine Heim|Renate B. Schnabel|Verena Stangl|Vera Regitz?Zagrosek
|
Cardiovascular risk factor distribution and subjective risk estimation in urban women – The BEFRI Study: a randomized cross-sectional study
| 2,015 |
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|University of Konstanz|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Universität Hamburg|University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf|German Centre for Cardiovascular Research|German Centre for Cardiovascular Research
|
awareness represents major modulator uptake preventive measures healthy lifestyle choices women underestimate role cardiovascular diseases causes mortality yet little information available subjective risk awareness berlin female risk evaluation befri study included randomized urban female sample aged 2574 years 1066 women completed standardized questionnaires attended extensive clinical examination subjective estimation measured 3point likert scale question asking subjective perception absolute cardiovascular risk 10 year outlook matched cardiovascular risk estimate according framingham score women expected linear increase age observed hypertension hyperlipidemia obesity vascular compliance measured pulse pressure knowledge optimal values selected cardiovascular risk factor indicators increased age perception importance age 4135 participants correctly classified cardiovascular risk 4865 underestimated age resulted significant predictor subjective underestimation 35 age 50 years compared 50 95 ci 2648 p 00001 therefore although socioeconomic factors joblessness 19 95 ci 1426 p 00001 combinations social risk factors low income limited education simple job living alone children statutory health coverage 15 95 ci 1121 p 0009 also significantly influenced selfawareness age appeared strongest predictor risk underestimation time least perceived cardiovascular risk factor less half women study population correctly estimated cardiovascular risk study identifies age strongest predictor risk underestimation urban women time least subjectively perceived cardiovascular risk factor although age cannot modified data highlights need explicit risk counseling information campaigns cardiovascular relevance aging focusing measures control coexisting modifiable risk factors
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/17182
|
Ted London|Heather Esper|Andrew Grogan?Kaylor|Geoffrey M. Kistruck
|
Connecting Poverty to Purchase in Informal Markets
| 2,014 |
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Ross School|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Michigan United|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|York University
|
b aseofthe p yramid bop enterprises seek serve impoverished customers informal markets bop enterprises grown prominence comparatively little multidimensional theoretical work explored customers ultimately elect purchase products using sample 555 potential customers rural ndia results indicate influence different dimensions poverty likelihood purchase largely function strength formal institutional environment specifically stronger formal institutional environments act complement substitute influence individual networklevel norms purchasing decisions informal markets copyright 2014 strategic management society
|
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00759
|
Amsale Cherie Yemane Berhanie
|
Assessment of Parenting Practices and Styles and Adolescent Sexual Behavior among High School Adolescents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| 2,015 |
Addis Continental Institute of Public Health
|
back ground statement problemparents first socializing agents teachers leaders counselors childrenparents guidance support always important however highly needed period adolescence transition childhood adulthood characterized spurts physical mental emotional social sexual development 1healthy sexuality developmental process needs investments parentssexual risk taking includes early coital debut multiple sexual relation non use inconsistent use condom becoming common among substantial numbers young peoplerisky sexual activity puts adolescents risk various reproductive health challengesit identified 20000 girls age 18 give birth day 2 nearly 60 percent unsafe abortions africa occur among women aged less 25 years 3 100 million adolescents acquire curable sexually transmitted disease year 47 youth ages 1524 account approximately 33 new hiv infections 8parenting style defined ardent climate provided parents parenting practices signify behaviors parents involve purpose undertaking specific socialization goalsresearch evidences showed parental practices parent child connectedness parental monitoring parents adolescents communication sexuality protective risky sexual behavior 911baumrinds identified four parenting styles authoritative authoritarian permissive neglectfulstudies showed children authoritative parents tend engage fewer risk behaviors children parenting types 1213although adolescents behavior deeply affected family environment live parents main source influence credible sources children regard sexuality little known ethiopia relationship different parenting practices safe sexual behaviorthus purpose study assess effect different parenting styles parenting practices sexual behavior adolescentsthe result study help formulate policies design strategies programmes proper parenting practices current would parents subjects methodsthis cross sectional study conducted among regularly attending 1524 years age high school youth addis ababa capital city ethiopiaaddis ababa administratively divided 10 sub citiesa sample size 3840 students calculated based proportion parenting practice 50 95 confidence interval power 80 margin error 003 design effect 3 20 allowance nonresponse 14a three stages sampling used select study participants source populationin first stage one high school selected randomly subcitythe sample size assigned proportionate total student population selected schoolone section selected grade identified schools
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.11.002
|
Anthony F. Jorm|Amy J. Morgan|Annemarie Wright
|
A Comparison of Clinician, Youth, and Parent Beliefs About Helpfulness of Interventions for Early Psychosis
| 2,008 | null |
back table contents previous article next article articlefull accessa comparison clinician youth parent beliefs helpfulness interventions early psychosisanthony f jorm phd dscamy j morgan basc bappscannemarie wright bappsc mmedscanthony f jorm phd dscsearch papers authoramy j morgan basc bappscsearch papers authorannemarie wright bappsc mmedscsearch papers authorpublished online13 jan 2015aboutsectionspdfepub toolsadd favoritesdownload citationstrack citations shareshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inemail long delays onset psychotic symptoms receipt adequate treatment argued duration untreated psychosis causes unnecessary suffering patients adverse effects social networks achievement educational occupational goals 1 recent metaanalyses confirmed association duration untreated psychosis poorer outcome 2 3 although correlational evidence cannot show duration untreated psychosis cause poorer outcome supports investigation benefits early intervention barriers earlier help seeking one potential barrier knowledge attitudes sources professional help treatments 4 many countries first step seeking professional help psychotic disorder consult general practitioner however attitudes toward general practitioners source help psychosis schizophrenia vary country country generally favorable attitudes australia 5 6 switzerland 7 germany 8 less favorable attitudes japan 9 austria 10 members public asked health professionals psychiatrists seen fairly favorably many countries potential source help 6 7 8 9 however counselors rated highly psychiatrists potential source help australia japan 6 9 psychotherapists rated highly psychiatrists germany 8 antipsychotic medication cornerstone treatment psychosis surveys many countries show members public generally negative attitudes toward 6 7 10 negative attitudes associated concerns side affects belief medication deals symptoms rather causes 11 12 contrast counseling psychological treatments tend viewed favorably 6 8 9 10 inpatient admission often component management psychotic disorders surveys several countries found seen harmful members public 7 9 13 survey data suggest may major gaps public professional beliefs appropriate interventions psychotic disorders australia direct comparison public beliefs general practitioners psychiatrists clinical psychologists mental health nurses 14 15 although agreement found interventions public respondents much negative professionals antipsychotic medication admission psychiatric ward hand public respondents much favor taking vitamins following special diets reading selfhelp books similar study switzerland compared public psychiatrists psychologists nurses mental health professionals 7 agreement interventions public negative medication psychiatric hospitals hand public respondents positive psychotherapy benefits fresh air previous research public beliefs interventions psychosis involved adults however psychotic disorders often first onset adolescence early adulthood 16 age knowledge appropriate sources help interventions likely poorest parents important mediators help seeking particularly adolescents knowledge attitudes important well 17 reported herein data national surveys beliefs australian health professionals surveys covered beliefs wide range potential interventions mental disorders affecting young people beliefs health professionals compared australian young people parents elicited recent national survey 18 hypothesized would major gaps beliefs professionals youths parents gaps may impact help seeking treatment adherence basis previous research comparing adult members public clinicians expected young people parents would less favor medical interventions psychosis favor psychological lifestyle interventions methodsprofessional samples clinicians sent questionnaire based vignette describing psychosis depression depression alcohol misuse social phobia report subsample professionals received vignette psychosis ethics approval given university melbourne human research ethics committee details entire sample published elsewhere 19 surveys mailed 2006 428 psychiatrists listed medicare provider file medicare australias national governmentfunded health insurance program random sample 500 general practitioners listed file 407 australian members australian new zealand college mental health nurses random sample 500 psychologists listed victorian psychologists registration boards online database registered psychologists surveys completed anonymously separate response cards identification numbers used determine participation refusal general practitioners psychiatrists psychologists sent one reminder letter encourage participation completed surveys received 105 general practitioners 155 psychiatrists 106 mental health nurses 183 psychologists response rates 21 general practitioners 37 psychiatrists 26 mental health nurses 41 psychologists consent implied returning questionnaire youth parent samples professionals youths parents received interview based one four vignettes report subsample received psychosis vignettes details entire sample published elsewhere 18 20 2006 telephone survey carried national sample young australians ranging age 12 25 young person lived home parent one parent randomly invited interviewed well interviews completed 968 young people 531 coresident parents response rate entire sample young people 62 sample parents 69 possible determine separate response rates sample subset reported consent given orally parents also gave consent youths 18 years old survey questions survey based vignette young person early psychosis 20 vignette written meet minimum requirements dsmiv criteria schizophrenia professionals randomly given vignette describing 15 21yearold vignettes matched gender age group youths parents whereas professionals received vignettes portraying males smaller sample reading vignette professionals asked series questions assess recognition disorder described vignette beliefs first aid actions family friends could take help person interventions prevention also provided information sociodemographic characteristics study focused beliefs helpfulness different interventions described detail assessed following interventions consulting general practitioner family doctor teacher lecturer former 12 17yearold respondents latter 18 25yearold respondents counselor telephone counseling service kids helpline lifeline service varied age group psychologist psychiatrist mental health professionals occupational therapist social worker mental health nurse close family member close friend dealing problem taking vitamins st johns wort antidepressants tranquilizers antipsychotics sleeping pills becoming physically active getting relaxation training practicing meditation regular massages getting acupuncture getting early morning sunlight receiving counseling health professional receiving cognitivebehavioral therapy searching web site information problem reading selfhelp book problem joining support group people similar problems going local mental health service admitted psychiatric ward hospital using alcohol relax smoking cigarettes relax using marijuana relax cutting use alcohol cutting smoking cigarettes cutting use marijuana interventions selected basis published surveys 5 6 included complementary selfhelp interventions evidence base treatment depression anxiety 21 22 participants assessed interventions helpful harmful neither depends dont knowstatistical analysisratings intervention dichotomized helpful responses scored 1 responses scored 0 descriptive purposes percentage respondents giving helpful ratings calculated type intervention age subject vignette professional group examine differences ratings according clinician characteristics age vignette binary logistic regressions carried predictors profession general practitioner used reference category practitioners often first point professional contact gender clinician age clinician decades 2029 60 years clinician experience young people ages 1225 clinician experience adults ages 2664 clinician experience patients age 65 older variable clinician rated frequently treats age group 4point scale exclusively frequently sometimes never rarely age vignette 21 years reference category number comparisons examined effects significant p01 level reported data youth parent samples reported previously 18 presented form allows direct comparison clinician data major interest youths parents rate interventions clinician consensus helpfulness conversely clinicians rate interventions widely endorsed youths parents consensus varied degree selected interventions mean helpfulness rating across four professions 70 higher large sample youths parents even small differences ratings helpfulness could statistically significant therefore comparisons public professionals made terms effect sizes medium large effect sizes noted defined according cohens h 23 represents difference two proportions subjected arcsine squareroot transformation medium effect corresponds h5 large effect h8 23 resultsdifferences clinical professionswhen logistic regression used examine predictors helpfulness ratings several significant differences found compared general practitioners psychiatrists less likely recommend counselor or31 p001 telephone counseling or44 p005 psychologist or38 p004 meditation or24 p001 massages or15 p002 counseling health professional or41 p003 support group or24 p001 recommend reducing use alcohol or12 p001 cigarettes or41 p004 tables present percentages clinical profession endorsing intervention likely helpful available online supplements article pspsychiatryonlineorgcompared general practitioners psychologists less likely recommend use general practitioner or15 p005 teacher lecturer or33 p006 mental health professional or34 p002 family or31 p001 friend or37 p001 tranquilizers 24 p001 antipsychotics or15 p001 support group or35 p003 recommend reducing use alcohol or07 p001 cigarettes or38 p002compared general practitioners mental health nurses likely recommend vitamins or378 p006 less likely recommend counselor or38 p002 support group or39 p010differences clinician experience age genderthe frequency contact clinicians young people association youths intervention beliefs however clinicians greater contact adults likely advocate getting early sunlight or244 p004clinician age influence older clinicians less likely believe helpfulness psychologists or68 p001 mental health professionals or34 p002 friends or77 p004 relaxation training or77 p004 getting early sunlight or76 p004 clinician gender associations intervention beliefsdifferences age vignettefor 21yearold compared 15yearold portrayed vignette clinicians gave higher ratings helpfulness use antipsychotics or188 p009 hospitalization psychiatric ward or165 p005 lower ratings use teacher lecturer or26 p001differences public beliefs clinicians consensus although statistically significant differences clinical professions interventions low endorsement major interest interventions widely accepted likely helpful table 1 shows interventions endorsed helpful average 70 clinicians 70 youths parents table also indicates medium large differences clinicians youths parents table 1 interventions rated helpful 70 clinicians youths parents evaluated vignette describing youth adult psychosistable 1 interventions rated helpful 70 clinicians youths parents evaluated vignette describing youth adult psychosisenlarge tablethere number interventions high professional endorsement lower endorsement youths parents youths parents gave lower ratings seeing psychiatrist using antipsychotics seeking mental health servicesthere many interventions high youth parent endorsement lower clinician endorsement compared youths clinicians gave lower endorsement counseling health professional phone counseling counselor close friend close family support group physical activity relaxation training meditation getting early sunlight reading selfhelp book seeking web site information reducing use cigarettes compared parents clinicians gave lower endorsement counseling health professional professional counselor phone counseling close friend close family support group relaxation training physical activity meditation getting early sunlight reducing use cigarettesdiscussionthis study shows major gaps professional youth parent beliefs potential helpfulness interventions early psychosis general professionals favored medical specialist mental health services showed general agreement young person psychosis would benefit consulting general practitioner mental health specialist mental health services believed person would also benefit taking antipsychotic medication reducing use marijuana alcoholyoung people parents agreed professional consensus much less likely believe benefits specialist mental health interventions taking antipsychotics seeing psychiatrist using mental health services hand wide range general informal sources support young people parents believed professionals public particularly endorsed informal social supports help family friends support groups generic counseling general stress reduction methods relaxation training meditation increased physical activity young people also often endorsed informal sources information web sites selfhelp books survey presented vignettes portraying either adolescent young adult young people participated covered broad age range 1225 years however interventions often rated helpful examined neither clinicians young people parents differentiated responses vignette subjects age findings relevant controversy whether adolescents treated separately young adults child adolescent service model whether age groups offered common services youth model 24 findings show little basis splitting two age groups early psychosis intervention beliefs professionals compared recommendations clinical practice guidelines 25 26 interventions endorsed consistent guidelines however psychologists less likely endorse antipsychotic medication although psychologists may working mental health field position influence help seeking basic familiarity recommended practice recommending antipsychotic medication needs target continuing professional education widespread problem low level endorsement cognitivebehavioral therapy recommended practice guidelines 25 26 endorsed likely helpful half professionals indeed professionals showed slightly higher support generic counseling explicitly recommended one set guidelines schizophrenia 26 although cognitivebehavioral therapy similar low level endorsement young people parents finding likely due lack knowledge treatment label type intervention widely available would increase use evidencebased treatment also fulfill desire young people parents psychological interventions youths parents endorsed likely helpfulness stress reduction methods recommended clinical practice guidelines limited evidence support usefulness 27 28 given high acceptability interventions merit greater investigation researchers done reduce gap professional public beliefs interventions psychosis public attitudes toward psychosis treatment changed indicated substantial historical changes found australia germany recent years 29 30 31 reasons changes occurred unclear although public information campaigns reduce duration untreated psychosis focused things intervention beliefs 4 success shows mental health information campaigns effective also evidence individual training programs increase mental health literacy public change beliefs interventions psychosis 32 given informal help friends family seen important young people parents people play important role facilitating earlier help seeking however many members public lack appropriate firstaid skills 20 33 several helpful actions member public take assist someone becoming psychotic 34 training firstaid skills known improve helping behavior 32 training needs widely available given internet selfhelp books rated highly young people media could used promote earlier help seeking already work area web sites 35 study number limitations must acknowledged survey content designed public optimal professionals example tap staging interventions gave detail content quality interventions allow respondent record intensity agreement omitted describing specialized interventions difficult convey public simple questions cognitive remediation social skills trainingconclusionsthe study showed major gaps professional public beliefs young people parents less favor specialist mental health interventions favor general informal sources support gaps could barriers early appropriate treatment psychosis closing gaps twoway process requiring community education psychosis treatment broadening services offered better meet consumer expectationsacknowledgments disclosuresfunding provided grant 179805 national health medical research council program colonial foundation beyondblue national depression initiative claire kelly phd robyn langlands betty kitchener mnurs len kanowski msc input survey content staff social research centre provided advice methodology youth parent survey eoin killackey dpsych provided advice interpretation clinicians beliefs australian government department health ageing australian new zealand college mental health nurses assisted sampling professionalsthe authors report competing intereststhe authors affiliated orygen youth health research centre department psychiatry university melbourne locked bag 10 parkville victoria 3052 australia email email protectedreferences1 harris mg henry lp harrigan sm et al relationship duration untreated psychosis outcome eightyear prospective study schizophrenia research 798593 2005google scholar2 marshall lewis lockwood et al association duration untreated psychosis outcome cohorts firstepisode patients systematic review archives general psychiatry 62975983 2005google scholar3 perkins gu h boteva k et al relationship duration untreated psychosis outcome firstepisode schizophrenia critical review metaanalysis american journal psychiatry 16217851804 2005google scholar4 jorm af wright improving communitys mental health literacy means facilitating early intervention recognition management early psychosis preventive approach edited jackson hj mcgorry pd cambridge united kingdom cambridge university press pressgoogle scholar5 jorm af korten ae jacomb pa et al mental health literacy survey publics ability recognise mental disorders beliefs effectiveness treatment medical journal australia 166182186 1997google scholar6 wright harris mg wiggers jh et al recognition depression psychosis young australians beliefs treatment medical journal australia 1831823 2005google scholar7 lauber c nordt c rssler w recommendations mental health professionals general population treat mental disorders social psychiatry psychiatric epidemiology 40835843 2005google scholar8 riedelheller sg matschinger h angermeyer mc mental disorderswho might help helpseeking treatment preferences lay public social psychiatry psychiatric epidemiology 40167174 2005google scholar9 jorm af nakane christensen h et al public beliefs treatment outcome mental disorders comparison australia japan bmc medicine 312 2005 available wwwbiomedcentralcom17417015312google scholar10 jorm af angermeyer mc katschnig h public knowledge attitudes mental disorders limiting factor optimal use treatment services unmet need psychiatry problems resources responses edited andrews g henderson cambridge united kingdom cambridge university press 2000google scholar11 angermeyer mc dumer r matschinger h benefits risks psychotropic medication eyes general public results survey federal republic germany pharmacopsychiatry 26114120 1993google scholar12 fischer w goerg zbinden e et al determining factors effects attitudes towards psychotropic medication image madness public facing mental illness psychiatric treatment edited guimon j fischer w sartorius n basel switzerland karger 1999google scholar13 magliano l fiorillo de rosa c et al beliefs schizophrenia italy comparative nationwide survey general public mental health professionals patients relatives canadian journal psychiatry 49322330 2004google scholar14 jorm af korten ae jacomb pa et al helpfulness interventions mental disorders beliefs health professionals compared general public british journal psychiatry 171233237 1997google scholar15 caldwell tm jorm af mental health nurses beliefs interventions schizophrenia depression comparison psychiatrists public australian new zealand journal psychiatry 34602611 2000google scholar16 amminger gp harris mg conus p et al treated incidence firstepisode psychosis catchment area eppic 1997 2000 acta psychiatrica scandinavica 114337345 2006google scholar17 jorm af wright morgan aj seek help mental disorder national survey beliefs australian youth parents medical journal australia 187556560 2007google scholar18 jorm af wright beliefs young people parents effectiveness interventions mental disorders australian new zealand journal psychiatry 41656666 2007google scholar19 lubman di hides l jorm af et al health professionals recognition cooccurring alcohol depressive disorders youth survey australian general practitioners psychiatrists psychologists mental health nurses using case vignettes australian new zealand journal psychiatry 41830835 2007google scholar20 jorm af wright morgan aj beliefs appropriate first aid young people mental disorders findings australian national survey youth parents early intervention psychiatry 1 7382 2007google scholar21 jorm af christensen h griffiths km et al effectiveness complementary selfhelp treatments depression medical journal australia 176suppls84s96 2002google scholar22 jorm af christensen h griffiths km et al effectiveness complementary selfhelp treatments anxiety disorders medical journal australia 181suppl s29s46 2004google scholar23 cohen j power primer psychological bulletin 112155159 1992google scholar24 birleson p vance developing youth model mental health services australasian psychiatry 162226 2008google scholar25 royal australian new zealand college psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines treatment schizophrenia related disorders australian new zealand journal psychiatry 39130 2005google scholar26 schizophrenia core interventions treatment management schizophrenia primary secondary care london national institute clinical excellence 2002google scholar27 norman rm malla ak mclean ts et al evaluation stress management program individuals schizophrenia schizophrenia research 58293303 2002google scholar28 duraiswamy g thirthalli j nagendra hr et al yoga therapy addon treatment management patients schizophrenia randomized controlled trial acta psychiatrica scandinavica 116226232 2007google scholar29 jorm af christensen h griffiths km publics ability recognize mental disorders beliefs treatment changes australia 8 years australian new zealand journal psychiatry 403641 2006google scholar30 angermeyer mc matschinger h public attitudes towards psychotropic drugs changes recent years pharmacopsychiatry 37152156 2004google scholar31 angermeyer mc matschinger h changes publics attitudes towards psychiatric treatment results representative population surveys germany years 1990 2001 acta psychiatrica scandinavica 111 6873 2005google scholar32 kitchener ba jorm af mental health first aid training review evaluation studies australian new zealand journal psychiatry 4068 2006google scholar33 jorm af blewitt ka griffiths km et al mental health first aid responses public results australian national survey bmc psychiatry 59 2005 available wwwbiomedcentralcom1471244x59google scholar34 langlands rl jorm af kelly cm et al first aid recommendations psychosis using delphi method gain consensus mental health consumers carers clinicians schizophrenia bulletin 34 435443 2008google scholar35 burns j morey c lagelee et al reach innovation service delivery medical journal australia 187suppls31s34 2007google scholar figuresreferencescited bydetailscited bycollaborer avec les familles des jeunes adultes lors dun premier pisode psychotique psychoducation ou dialogue rflexif annales mdicopsychologiques revue psychiatrique vol 83what type helping relationship young people need engaging maintaining young people mental health carea narrative review1 february 2020 youth society vol 54archives psychiatric nursing vol 32 5men women psychosis impact illnessduration sexdifferences second australian national survey psychosispsychiatry research vol 256recommendations optimal care patients recentonset psychosis sia p acific region8 april 2016 asiapacific psychiatry vol 8 2stigmatising attitudes towards people mental disorders results survey japanese high school studentspsychiatry research vol 215 1irish journal medical science vol 181 2adolescent parent experiences primary careinternetbased depression prevention intervention catchitgeneral hospital psychiatry vol 33 6young peoples recognitio
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241409
|
Martha Sajatovic|Marilyn A. Davies|Stephen J. Ganocy|Mark S. Bauer|Kristin A. Cassidy|Robert W. Hays|Roknedin Safavi|Frederic C. Blow|Joseph R. Calabrese
|
A Comparison of the Life Goals Program and Treatment as Usual for Individuals With Bipolar Disorder
| 2,009 |
Case Western Reserve University|University School
|
back table contents previous article next article articlefull accessa comparison life goals program treatment usual individuals bipolar disordermartha sajatovic mdmarilyn davies msn phdstephen j ganocy phdmark bauer mdkristin cassidy marobert w hays rnroknedin safavi mdfrederic c blow phdjoseph r calabrese mdmartha sajatovic mdsearch papers authormarilyn davies msn phdsearch papers authorstephen j ganocy phdsearch papers authormark bauer mdsearch papers authorkristin cassidy masearch papers authorrobert w hays rnsearch papers authorroknedin safavi mdsearch papers authorfrederic c blow phdsearch papers authorjoseph r calabrese mdsearch papers authorpublished online1 sep 2009httpsdoiorg101176ps20096091182aboutsectionspdfepub toolsadd favoritesdownload citationstrack citations shareshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inemail although many patients bipolar disorder helped rapid expansion pharmacopoeia treatment bipolar disorder 1 treatment effectiveness remains suboptimal rates treatment nonadherence variable generally substantial order 12 64 2 3 4 5 although mood stabilizers cornerstone treatment bipolar disorder previous studies demonstrated psychotherapies including psychoeducational interventions specific bipolar disorder may enhance pharmacotherapy improve clinical outcome 6 7 8 9 suggested various psychoeducational interventions briefer steppedcare packages 10 11 comprehensive group packages 6 also aid treatment adherence however effects psychosocial approaches including psychoeducation treatment adherence consistent need identify core components psychosocial interventions affect treatment adherence resource limitations found many clinical settings 12 life goals program lgp manualdriven structured group psychotherapy program individuals bipolar disorder 13 lgp focused systematic education individualized application problem solving context mental disorder promote illness selfmanagement 13 demonstrated patients bipolar disorder participating lgp may significantly improve knowledge bipolar disorder 13 lgp developers suggested medication adherence could improved lgp 13 interestingly clinical characteristics usually associated poor outcome substance abuse reported correlate diminished lgp participation success moreover collaborative chronic care management models adapted bipolar disorder include lgp shown significant improvements clinical outcome 14 15 16 17 function 15 quality life 15 longterm multisite randomized controlled trials previously published trials used lgp within context combined care approach 14 15 16 17 published data lgp may specifically affect treatment adherence populations persons bipolar disorder randomized controlled multicomponent intervention study included lgp among multiple components conducted managed care setting specifically evaluate medication adherence 16 randomized controlled collaborative care model ccm study department veterans affairs included lgp one multiple components evaluated medication adherence secondary outcome find difference ccm group control group 17 ccm study several components possible separate effects lgp activities nurse care management 14 15 best knowledge previous studies using controlled methodology tested lgp standalone intervention randomized controlled study examined 164 outpatients bipolar disorder community mental health center randomly assigned standardized psychoeducation lgp treatment usual see whether differences groups treatment adherence attitudes behaviors anticipated patients received lgp would demonstrate improvement treatment adherence attitudes well improvement bipolar symptoms functional statusmethodsthis project randomized controlled study determined effects treatment adherence attitudes behaviors standardized psychoeducational intervention lgp added treatment usual among outpatients bipolar disorder treated community mental health center patients qualified study entry randomly assigned treatment usual treatment usual plus lgp assessed baseline three six 12month followupsstudy population eligible study participants type type ii bipolar disorder confirmed miniinternational neuropsychiatric inventory 18 order obtain realworld generalizable sample patients bipolar disorder established minimal exclusion criteria inability provide informed consent inability rated psychiatric rating scales similar prior randomized controlled trials collaborative care management models 14 17 study approved local institutional review board study participants recruited clinician referrals selfreferred response posted advertisements study conducted july 11 2002 june 6 2007 lgp lgp based behavioral principles social learning selfregulation theories underlie collaborative practice model 13 lgp supported explicit manuals uses preset script topic focus topic sequence delivered research staff trained use program developers study principal investigators ms mad lgp organized two phasesphase ii cover illness education management problem solving phase lgp core psychoeducational intervention study delivered six weekly interactive group sessions content format psychoeducational groups described detail elsewhere 13 19 group size generally six eight members completion six weekly psychoeducational sessions participants encouraged attend optional phase ii monthly group sessions addressed goal setting problem solving unstructured format described bauer mcbride 13 adherence issues specifically targeted phase lgp 13 session 3 therapist helps members recognize role medication nonadherence ineffective coping behaviors perpetuating high mania triggering manic episode session 5 therapist helps members consider adherence medication adaptive coping response signs symptoms depression triggers depressive episodes finally session 6 therapist addresses individualized adherence issues assisting patients personal care plan lgp intervention administered study coprincipal investigator mad doctoratelevel registered nurse psychiatric counselor masters level supervised study coprincipal investigator addition use lgp treatment manual 13 lgp training consisted oneday intensive onsite training ongoing telephone support developers lgp fidelity intervention assessed coprincipal investigator attended first six months psychiatric counselorled lgp sessions coprincipal investigator mad delivered feedback key lgp format content issues end session lgp administered addition treatment usual staff working study investigators made reminder telephone calls lgp participants weekly group sessions individuals reachable telephone sent reminder letters lgp delivered group format lgp sessions always occur days individuals regular treatmentasusual appointments staff community mental health center generally supportive welcoming respect lgp process offered use group room community mental health center staff working study investigators hold lgp sessions treatment usualtreatmentasusual services patients bipolar disorder community mental health center typically include medication management psychiatrist psychosocial therapy counseling mental health clinicians phd psychologists mental health nurses psychiatric social workers access social services case management individuals require intensive assistance data collected specific treatmentasusual services study participantsmeasuressociodemographic clinical information sociodemographic clinical information including age gender education occupation social class 20 ethnicity age onset illness psychiatric comorbidity collected participants confirmed medical record selfreported history sexual physical abuse also collected reported relationship treatment adherence among adults serious mental illness 21 treatment adherence adherence attitudes measured tenitem drug attitude inventory dai although direct measure adherence behavior dai demonstrated associated degree adherence psychotropic medication among individuals serious mental illness 22 known relatively unaffected psychiatric symptom severity 23 dai simple truefalse format questionnaire assesses domains patients attitudes including positive negative experience locus control attitudes toward medication possible scores range 0 10 higher scores indicating better attitudes toward medication responses scored euphoricdysphoric continuum 93 higher scores corresponding euphoric end spectrum treatment adherence behaviors evaluated selfreported treatment adherence behaviors srtab within past 30 days similar selfreported adherence methods reported trials persons bipolar disorder 24 psychotropic medications assessed adherence individuals asked provide estimate 0 25 50 75 100 closest average adherence prescribed psychotropics combined participants informed information confidential would shared treatment providers exception circumstances individual acute risk harm self others symptoms global psychopathology functional status substance abuse symptoms measured 24item hamilton depression rating scale hamd 25 26 young mania rating scale ymrs 27 functional impairments caused illness assessed global assessment scale gas 28 substance abuse comorbidity assessed continuous measure using portion standardized instrument addiction severity index asi 29 possible scores hamd range 0 74 higher scores indicating severe depression possible scores ymrs range 0 44 higher scores indicating severe mania possible scores gas range 0 100 higher scores indicating higher functional status possible scores asi range 0 4 higher scores indicating severe substance abusedata analysisdescriptive analysis data performed standard univariate techniques available spss software categorical data compared chi square analysis fishers exact test continuous data compared students test first study lgp standalone intervention sensitivity analyses conducted evaluate effect intervention respect completer analyses last observation carried forward outcome lgp participation intensity well respect patientspecific variables age gender ethnicity marital status education social class suicide history substance abuse history history abuse psychosis depression mania severity functional status past hospitalizations mixedmodel repeatedmeasures analysis used test differences dai scores three subgroups different levels lpg attendance sessions one three sessions four six sessions treatmentasusual group analysis adjusted covariates sas proc mixed software used assess model included subgroups three subgroups different levels lpg attendance treatmentasusual group time fixed effects baseline hamd ymrs gas scores covariates dai scores repeated measure study participants treated random components model compound symmetry variancecovariance matrix used express correlational structure repeated dai measurements influence covariates dai scores determined significance magnitude sign appropriate estimated coefficient covariateresultsbaseline status initially 166 individuals met study entry criteria two enrolled subsequently identified study exclusion criteria therefore 164 individuals enrolled study eightyfour individuals randomly assigned lgp plus treatment usual 80 individuals randomly assigned treatment usual table 1 presents demographic clinical characteristics two groups two groups closely matched baseline significant differences groups demographic clinical variables table 1 baseline demographic clinical characteristics 164 outpatients bipolar disorder randomly assigned life goals program treatment usualtable 1 baseline demographic clinical characteristics 164 outpatients bipolar disorder randomly assigned life goals program treatment usualenlarge tablebaseline scores dai srtab also similar two groups sample good representation participants racial ethnic minority groups 40 preponderance female participants nearly 70 group overall demonstrated moderately severe depressive symptoms meansd hamd score186113 minimal moderate manic symptoms mean ymrs score7454 impaired functioning mean gas score574122 total sample 52 32 current mania hypomania 50 30 current psychotic symptoms comorbid substance abuse either current lifetime seen 87 n143 total sample 2 n3 sample least moderately severe levels current substance abuse evaluated asi study deliberately focus individuals known nonadherence baseline attitudes toward medication moderately good mean dai score7423 average study participants reported took 81 prescribed bipolar medication treatmentsstudy outcomesstudy participation overall 128 participants63 75 group assigned lgp plus treatment usual 65 81 treatmentasusual groupparticipated baseline assessment least one followup rating among participants group assigned lgp plus treatment usual slightly less half n41 49 participated four six sessions phase lgp sessions another 14 n12 participated one three sessions 37 n31 never participated group sessions completion core lgp phase psychoeducation fewer 10 n8 participants chose attend phase ii unstructured groups adherence attitudes outcome measure significant difference dai scores time group assigned lgp plus treatment usual treatmentasusual group similarly significant differences groups srtab symptom measures psychopathology functional status followup points selected outcomes two groups presented table 2 although significant temporal pattern improvements adherence attitudes behaviors symptoms functional status patients time statistically significant difference groups table 2 change baseline adherence attitudes adherence behaviors symptoms functional status among individuals bipolar disorder participating life goals program treatment usualtable 2 change baseline adherence attitudes adherence behaviors symptoms functional status among individuals bipolar disorder participating life goals program treatment usualenlarge tableexploratory analyses given high rates nonparticipation lgp conducted secondary analysis change dai score baseline comparing three subgroups different levels lpg attendance sessions one three sessions four six sessions treatmentasusual group indicated figure 1 individuals partial full participation appeared improved attitudes toward medication three sixmonth followups however oneyear followup difference scores three lgp subgroups effect sizes three months 07 persons attending lgp sessions 16 persons attending one three sessions 59 persons attending four six sessions six months effect sizes 35 35 49 respectively figure 1 figure 1 changes attitudes toward bipolar medications among individuals life goals program lgp stratified intensity participation treatment usual emerging body literature suggests psychosocial treatments effective among individuals ill past mood episodes 28 thus assessed whether individuals symptoms psychosis substance abuse lower functional status previous hospitalizations psychiatric substance abuse indications differences outcome lgp plus treatment usual versus treatment usual mixedmodel repeatedmeasures analysis tests fixed effects table 3 found trend p056 higher levels depressive severity baseline measured hamd predict negative attitudes toward bipolar medications time measured dai time treatment predicted positive attitudes toward bipolar medications time measured dai variables significant table 3 mixedmodel repeatedmeasures results tests fixed effects among individuals bipolar disorder participating life goals program lgp treatment usualtable 3 mixedmodel repeatedmeasures results tests fixed effects among individuals bipolar disorder participating life goals program lgp treatment usualenlarge tableas noted methods section additional analyses conducted evaluate effect intervention respect completer analyses last observation carried forward patientspecific variables compared persons lgp group go sessions participated sessions go sessions younger mean age 37284 years versus 445112 years p004 less education mean years education 12523 years versus 14027 years p010 demographic clinic factors significantly differentfinally conducted additional secondary analysis excluded individuals selfreported high rates treatment adherence 75 baseline evaluate whether lgp effects among individuals known nonadherent partially adherent baseline treatment effect subsample treatmentbytime interaction however must noted relatively small number participants met criterion enough complete data conduct analysisdiscussionthis first randomized controlled trial lgp plus treatment usual versus treatment usual study conducted 164 adults bipolar disorder receiving care community mental health center found patients improved oneyear study duration although study results show statistically significant difference treatment groups 12month followup must emphasized fewer half patients randomly assigned lgp actually participated fully intervention relatively low rates study participation similarly low rates lgp attendance underscore difficulties conducting controlled trials individuals bipolar disorder community mental health center settings despite limitations secondary analyses give indication lgp plus treatment usual effect expected direction positive attitudes toward medication treatment however effect appeared disappear time absence structured ongoing intervention although individuals selfreported taking approximately 80 prescribed bipolar medication treatments baseline dai scores suggested individuals mixed attitudes toward medications additionally individuals depressive symptoms severe baseline trended lower dai scores indicating poorer attitudes toward medication end study suboptimal participation lgp sessions study contrasts sharply approximately 80 participants attended 75 lgp sessions two prior effectiveness trials collaborative care models included lgp intervention 14 15 16 may patients differed systematically way patients study study bauer colleagues 14 15 involved veterans study simon colleagues 16 involved members managed care health organization hmo department veterans affairs care setting culture may facilitate higher participation retention rates clinical trials whereas managed care populations often healthier less impaired might expected publicsector care population group individuals bipolar disorder quite ill baseline relatively low functioning approximately 75 sample history suicide attempts average one five previous hospitalizations mental disorders substance abuse possible attitudes toward medication perhaps psychosocial therapies sample might shaped experience rather severe ongoing symptoms well history extensive family personal trauma suggested individuals severe symptoms longer duration illness may respond less well psychosocial treatments bipolar disorder compared individuals illness recent onset euthymic 6 30 alternatively may factors related receiving care bipolar disorder community mental health center impede treatment found department veterans affairs 14 15 staff model hmos 16 notable difference trials 14 15 16 study presented lgp standalone treatment study whereas trials part integrated care management package nonetheless appeared progressive increase effect size lgp dose indicating either sufficient participation lgp even without integrated care model achieve desired effect participants participate adequately intervention ones greatest benefit challenges participation study often centered group time scheduling transportation problems getting clinic competing life demands work child care number individuals car relied public transportation always readily available times group sessions scheduled despite fact group leaders tried optimize timing group sessions participants additional impediment implementation psychoeducation cases group process although lgp groups supportive motivating individuals bipolar disorder 30 instances variations within group presence individuals psychotic symptoms disruptive heterogeneity within lgp groups differences cultural educational background health literacy could contribute isolation group members de andrs colleagues 31 conducted uncontrolled prospective study lgp taught group format noting individuals participating lgp improvements depressive symptoms selfreported stabilization mood study presented study de andrs colleagues 31 better participant retention phase 80 comparatively lower participation phase ii 38 however without comparison group difficult assess whether symptom improvement simply related improvement might occurred course usual clinical care unique effect lgp simple feasibility issues scheduling make lgp group format difficult thus attenuating realworld application benefit may accrue mutual learning support destigmatization benefits group format 13 accordingly lgp reformatted manualized individual treatment option facilitate dissemination cannot participate groups 32 alternative methods work around scheduling transportation problems include use telephonebased lgp used groups investigators 33 34 findings recommendations based study results interpreted acknowledging study sample included mainly patients depressive symptoms drawn entirely community mental health center although depression predominant mood state among individuals bipolar disorder community mental health center represents typical realworld setting many bipolar patients receive care findings may generalizable populations bipolar disorder symptoms mania receiving treatment mental health care settings also sample predominantly female possible nature group psychotherapy intervention acceptable women men uncontrolled study lgp among individuals bipolar disorder conducted switzerland similarly enrolled preponderance female patients 31 additional limitations include fact reliance selfreport may underestimate treatment adhere
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194240
|
Todd Gilmer|Victoria D. Ojeda|Concepción Barrio|Dahlia Fuentes|Piedad Garcia|Nicole M. Lanouette|Kelly C. Lee
|
Adherence to Antipsychotics Among Latinos and Asians With Schizophrenia and Limited English Proficiency
| 2,009 | null |
back table contents previous article next article articlefull accessadherence antipsychotics among latinos asians schizophrenia limited english proficiencytodd p gilmer phdvictoria ojeda phd mphconcepcion barrio phddahlia fuentes mph mswpiedad garcia edd lcswnicole lanouette mdkelly c lee pharmdtodd p gilmer phdsearch papers authorvictoria ojeda phd mphsearch papers authorconcepcion barrio phdsearch papers authordahlia fuentes mph mswsearch papers authorpiedad garcia edd lcswsearch papers authornicole lanouette mdsearch papers authorkelly c lee pharmdsearch papers authorpublished online13 jan 2015httpsdoiorg101176ps2009602175aboutsectionsview articlepdfview epub toolsadd favoritesdownload citationstrack citations shareshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inemail view article antipsychotic medications foundation treatment people schizophrenia despite demonstrated ability antipsychotic medications reduce symptoms relapse rates improve health outcomes nonadherence common average rates 40 50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 poor adherence associated increased relapse psychiatric hospitalizations emergency room visits hospitalization costs 3 6 8 9 10 11 12 nonadherence also associated poor social outcomes including greater risk arrest violence victimization substance use poorer mental functioning life satisfaction 9 numerous factors influence adherence prescribed treatment plan osterberg blaschkes review 13 general medication adherence identified numerous factors may influence adherence including patientlevel factors forgetfulness priorities intentional omission doses emotional factors providerlevel factors prescription complex medication regimen failure explain side effects benefits associated medication disregard patients lifestyle economic resources poor patientprovider relationships lacro colleagues 14 identified additional patient providerlevel factors predictive nonadherence antipsychotic medication among persons schizophrenia including poor insight negative attitude negative subjective response toward medication substance abuse shorter illness duration inadequate discharge planning aftercare environment 14 patients knowledge benefits medication side effects frequency duration dosing may affected providers explanations new medications 15 patient limited language proficiency may misunderstand similarly clients level health literacy may affect processing information provided clinical visits 16 studies examined relationship adherence antipsychotic medications among adults ethnic minority groups diagnosis schizophrenia 6 17 18 diaz colleagues 17 conducted communitybased study using electronic monitoring system bottle openings assess psychotropic medication utilization behaviors among 19 african americans 44 monolingual 25 bilingual latinos 34 caucasians found african americans monolingual spanishspeaking clients less likely caucasians adherent another study used texas medicaid data found africanamerican mexicanamerican clients less adherent nonlatino whites 18 third study san diego county found latinos african americans significantly less likely adherent nonlatino whites 6 exception work diaz colleagues 17 aware study examined adherence antipsychotics language status study provides unique contribution examining relationship raceethnicity language status adherence antipsychotic medications among latino asian clients schizophrenia large public mental health system san diego county large ethnically diverse county located united statesmexico border home large ethnic minority foreignborn populations particularly latinos mexican origin asians filipino vietnamese 2007 san diego county total population approximately 31 million 29 latino 9 asian 5 african american 19 expanding prior research objectives study analyze relationship raceethnicity english proficiency adherence antipsychotic medications among persons diagnosis schizophrenia analyze relationships raceethnicity english proficiency adherence psychiatric nonpsychiatric hospitalization costsmethodsa conceptual model language adherence service use propose expanded model adherence considers roles language family support predicting adherence antipsychotic medication use mental health services studies reviewed found patient provider factors interact affect adherence language proficiency affects exchange information patient provider however clients level english proficiency may also proxy migration history culture family social support ramirez garcia colleagues 20 found familial support predicted better medication adherence among mexican americans schizophrenia although client low english proficiency may experience difficulty communicating provider client may also benefit engagement family members treatment process thus clients low english proficiency may result increased participation care family members barriers communication adherence may reduced family members effectively serve linguistic social translators patient provider 21 adherence antipsychotic medications associated fewer inpatient admissions 3 6 8 9 10 11 12 propose additional link english proficiency service use 22 23 expect set cultural social factors associated english proficiency independent effect hospitalizations costs beyond effects medication adherence sample independent variablesdata san diego county adult older adult mental health services aoamhs encounterbased management information system mis merged data californias department health care services identify medical californias medicaid program beneficiaries schizophrenia living community receiving psychiatric services filled prescriptions oral antipsychotic medications 19992004 n31560 personyears mis includes demographic informationage gender selfreported race ethnicity selfreported preferred language mental health services previous research used clients preferred service language proxy limited english proficiency status 22 23 clients report preferred language receiving services admission service california language highly correlated foreignborn status analyzed data california health interview survey found among latino adults san diego homes spanish spoken 73 born mexico among asians homes chinese vietnamese spoken 86 born asia pacific islands 24 sample study reported limited latinos preferred language spanish english asians preferred asian language example vietnamese tagalog english nonlatino whites hereafter whites preferred language english among 460 asian clients sample 44 n201 filipino 17 n78 vietnamese 8 n36 japanese 7 n32 chinese 25 n113 asian groups clients also report living situation admission service classified clients commonly reported living situation included persons living independently residents assisted living facilities also known boardandcare facilities homeless adults adults unknown living situations excluded persons residing primarily jails longterm institutional care facilities also excluded persons insurance data medication use payment health services costs unavailable conservatorship status ascertained mis medicare eligibility identified medical data diagnosis substance use disorder identified across systems medical strict requirements verify residency status thus clients included study either us citizens documented immigrants used icd9 diagnosis codes medical claims assess comorbid illness severity chronic illness disability payment system cdps 25 cdps diagnostic classification system commonly used medicaid programs assess illness severity make healthbased capitated payments health plans enroll medicaid beneficiaries cdps software assigns diagnostic codes obtained claims 56 diagnostic categories within 18 major diagnostic groups corresponding major body systems example cardiovascular type disease example diabetes cdps scores assigned basis age gender presence diagnostic categories scores reflect illness severity basis predicted future expenditures score permits comparison average expenditure across medicaid beneficiaries example 40yearold male schizophrenia general medical comorbidity would risk score 12 therefore would expected 20 greater medicaid costs average beneficiary additional information cdps public use software available cdpsucsdedu dependent variablesadherence prescribed regimens determined examining medical claims means medication refill records adherence measured annual medication possession ratio mpr computed person calendar year mpr calculated dividing number days medications available consumption number days adults eligible medical example person eligible medical entire year received total 240 days supply prescribed antipsychotic medication would mpr 66 quetiapine commonly used sleeping aid thus excluded prescribed low daily dosage 200 mg less conjunction another antipsychotic also excluded individuals prescribed depot antipsychotics pharmacokinetic profiles depot antipsychotic medications oral medications vary considerably users depot medications typically nonadherent medication regimens frequent users inpatient services categorized adherence personyear ordinal scale derived mpr using following designations nonadherent mpr49 partially adherent mpr5079 adherent mpr80110 fillers excess medication mpr110 reasons excess filling medications include overuse loss theft medicationswe used medical claims determine whether someone hospitalized given year acute psychiatric facility psychiatric ward community hospital medicalsurgical ward acute care hospital calculated total amount paid medical health services inpatient outpatient psychiatric general medical care laboratory radiological services noninpatient acute care amount paid pharmaceuticals total amount paid acute care costs reported 2004 dollars merged mismedical database previously used examine utilization mental health services language status costs associated nonadherence antipsychotic medications 6 23 university california san diego institutional review board san diego county mental health services research committee approved use data study accordance privacy rule health insurance portability accountability act 1996 statistical analyses used multinomial logistic regression estimate probability nonadherent partially adherent adherent excess filler function raceethnicity preferred language controlling age gender conservatorship status medicare coverage living situation type antipsychotic medication cdps score diagnosis comorbid substance use disorder resulting parameter estimates used calculate estimates adherence raceethnicity language status standardized underlying population characteristics example calculated probability adherent among latinos limited english proficiency mean probability adherent across persons limited english proficiency standard errors estimated using nonparametric bootstrap method 1000 replications p values computed estimated distributions 26 account potential individualcorrelated errors data bootstrap analysis sampled individual rather observation used logistic regression estimate probability psychiatric admission nonpsychiatric admission inpatient admission calculate standardized estimates adherence category raceethnicity language status using methods described similarly controlling additional demographic clinical characteristics finally used generalized linear regression assuming gamma distribution log link function estimate health services costs pharmaceutical costs total costs provide standardized estimates costs raceethnicity language status using methods described 27 28 resultstable 1 provides information english proficiency status selected characteristics adults treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medications data include 7784 unique medical beneficiaries including 5695 nonlatino whites 1196 englishproficient latinos 523 latinos limited english proficiency 298 englishproficient asians 162 asians limited english proficiency latinos asians limited proficiency older englishproficient latinos asians roughly age whites latinos limited proficiency likely englishproficient latinos female 52 compared 42 asian clients limited proficiency less likely englishproficient asians dual medicaremedical coverage 24 31 table 1 characteristics nonlatino white latino asian patients treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medication language proficiency n31560 personyearstable 1 characteristics nonlatino white latino asian patients treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medication language proficiency n31560 personyearsenlarge tableacross language racialethnic groups majority adults 50 treated schizophrenia resided independently notably threequarters latinos asians limited english proficiency resided independently 78 proportions higher englishproficient latinos asians 65 69 respectively mean cdps score exceeded 3 group indicating sample expected health care costs least three times high average medicaid beneficiary fewer adults limited proficiency comorbid substance use disorders compared englishproficient adults example 52 englishproficient latinos substance use disorder diagnosis compared 29 latinos limited proficiency among asians differences language status less pronounced nevertheless significant 39 24 respectively probability hospitalization level adherence shown table 2 clients adherent medications least likely experience psychiatric admission 15 nonpsychiatric admission 18 admission 28 overall nearly half 48 nonadherent adults hospitalized results support validity mpr measure adherence table 2 probability annual inpatient admission medication adherence category among patients treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medicationtable 2 probability annual inpatient admission medication adherence category among patients treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medicationenlarge table adherence antipsychotic medications raceethnicity english proficiency shown table 3 notably greater proportion latinos limited proficiency adherent compared englishproficient latinos 41 36 p002 contrast smaller proportion asians limited proficiency adherent compared englishproficient counterparts 40 45 p034 latino asian adults limited proficiency less likely englishproficient peers excess fillers antipsychotic medication example 15 latinos limited proficiency met criteria excess medication filling compared 20 englishproficient latinos p001 similarly 13 asians limited proficiency excess fillers compared 17 englishproficient asians p002 notably latinos higher rate adherence among limited proficiency entirely attributable less likely excess fillers nonlatino whites likely excess fillers 22 table 3 probability adherence antipsychotic medication language proficiency among patients treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medicationtable 3 probability adherence antipsychotic medication language proficiency among patients treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medicationenlarge tableseveral controlling variables also related adherence overall sample probability adherent increased age 25 among aged 24 younger 37 among aged 25 59 43 among aged 60 older clients resided assisted living facilities highly likely adherent 47 excess fillers 34 clients homeless highly likely nonadherent 49 clients diagnosis substance use disorder less likely adherent without diagnosis 32 44 probability inpatient hospitalization raceethnicity language status shown table 4 analysis controlled level adherence latinos limited proficiency less likely englishproficient latinos experience psychiatric admissions 17 21 p001 nonpsychiatric admissions 20 22 p014 rate overall inpatient admissions also lower 33 38 p001 overall admissions lower among asians limited proficiency compared englishproficient asians although effect reach significance 33 38 p070 table 4 probability annual inpatient admission language proficiency among patients treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medication adjusted medication adherencetable 4 probability annual inpatient admission language proficiency among patients treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medication adjusted medication adherenceenlarge table costs health services pharmacy costs raceethnicity language status shown table 5 analysis controlled level adherence latinos asians limited proficiency lowest overall costs 15883 15138 respectively compared groups outcome resulted lower health services pharmacy costs among adults limited proficiency compared englishproficient counterparts table 5 annual health care pharmaceutical costs language proficiency among patients treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medication adjusted medication adherencetable 5 annual health care pharmaceutical costs language proficiency among patients treated schizophrenia antipsychotic medication adjusted medication adherenceenlarge tablediscussion although several studies examined adherence psychiatric medications addressed relationship antipsychotic adherence raceethnicity know one small study examined adherence among monolingual bilingual spanishspeaking latino clients 17 study know examined adherence among asian clients united states language status study presented addressed gaps examining experiences large public mental health system providing care ethnically linguistically diverse community given nations growing immigrant population 29 critical understand factors influence mental health outcomes ethnically linguistically diverse adults serious mental illness study found latinos limited english proficiency likely englishproficient latinos adherent antipsychotic medications difference adherence among two latino groups entirely attributable differences excess filling prescriptions excess filling also indicator poor medication management study individuals excess fillers likely adherent hospitalized excess fillers shown higher costs resulting higher rates hospitalizations increased pharmaceutical costs 6 analyses controlled adherence comorbidity latinos limited english proficiency less likely hospitalized lower pharmaceutical total costs contrast asians limited proficiency less likely englishproficient asians adherent although also less likely hospitalized lower costs one explanation higher rate adherence lower rate hospitalization among latinos limited english proficiency may benefit higher level familial social support cultural variation within groups may lead differential adherence outcomes associated raceethnicity english proficiency family social support may serve cultural buffer family involvement clients life treatment plan may improve medication adherence independently affect service utilization barrio colleagues 21 found monolingual spanishspeaking latino clients often accompanied medical visits englishspeaking relatives example adult children spouses siblings advocated behalf providers ramirez garcia colleagues 20 found family instrumental taskoriented support predicted higher medication adherence among mexican americans schizophrenia living family members contrast kopelowicz colleagues 30 find improved medication adherence among latino clients received skills training however hypothesis greater family support inconsistent finding lower adherence lower probability hospitalization among asians limited english proficiency may familial social support operates differently among asians perceived susceptibility disease perceived benefits western medication perceived benefits cultural traditional medication stigma associated psychiatric medication may serve reduce adherence among asians limited english proficiency 31 32 culturally appropriate medication management services may prove effective improving adherence among asian clients unfortunately unable test explicitly independent effects language proficiency social support language status measure potentially correlated several aspects clients life experiences including heritage culture acculturation physiology genetics preferences future data collection efforts may address limitations including specific measures permit us fully explore mechanisms drive differences adherence service utilization results limited use administrative data lack dimensions needed fully study issues related antipsychotic medication adherence among racialethnic minority populations time large sample size may resulted findings statistically significant clinically insignificant used medication refill records claims data assess adherence although approach limited inability directly monitor medication administration claims data represent objective unobtrusive measure adherence lacked clients selfreported english proficiency status data language commonly spoken home measures employed research examining impacts language health service use 33 patients use alternative treatments unknown study use alternative practitioners asian patients common may resulted lower rates adherence service use 34 35 sample size limitations asians classified single group despite wide heterogeneity cultural backgrounds language family dynamics reasons findings replicated larger sample disaggregate data asian subgroup future investigations may examine role various levels social support provided families example instrumental support compared emotional support medication adherence service utilization across asian subgroups finally high rate excess prescription filling among residents assisted living facilities warrants investigation medication therapy management pharmacistled review clients pharmacotherapy includes consideration therapeutic goals interactions side effects adherence would provide deeper understanding causes excess filling setting may provide vehicle intervention excess filling inconsistent clients treatment goals conclusions found adherence antipsychotic medication among latinos asians schizophrenia varied english language proficiency systematic examination clinical outcomes language status needed order assess whether health disparities may emerging among certain patient subgroups health care organizations continue prioritize use professional translation services patients limited english proficiency rather relying family friends order ensure patients confidentiality accurate conveyance health information 36 also critical medical schools allied health professional programs nursing physician assistant programs continue promote ethnically diverse linguistically adept health care workforce 37 patients providers may communicate timely manner without intermediaries acknowledgments disclosuresfinancial support provided grant p30mh066248 national institute mental health grant 3r01da019829s2 national institute drug abuse authors gratefully acknowledge county san diego health human services agency adult older adult mental health services access management information systemthe authors report competing interestsdr gilmer dr ojeda affiliated department family preventive medicine university california san diego ucsd 9500 gilman dr la jolla ca 920930622 email email protected dr barrio ms fuentes school social work university southern california los angeles dr garcia san diego county adult older adult mental health services dr lanouette department psychiatry dr lee skaggs school pharmacy pharmaceutical sciences ucsd data study presented health services research meeting national institute mental health washington dc july 23 2007 critical research issues latino mental health conference santa fe new mexico march 1012 2008references1 fenton ws blyler cr heinssen rk determinants medication compliance schizophrenia empirical clinical findings schizophrenia bulletin 23637651 1997google scholar2 svarstad bl shireman ti sweeney jk using drug claims data assess relationship medication adherence hospitalization costs psychiatric services 52805811 2001google scholar3 valenstein copeland la blow fc et al pharmacy data identify poorly adherent patients schizophrenia increased risk admission medical care 40630639 2002google scholar4 lacro jp dunn lb dolder cr et al prevalence risk factors medication nonadherence inpatients schizophrenia comprehensive review recent literature journal clinical psychiatry 63892909 2002google scholar5 dolder cr lacro jp jeste dv adherence antipsychotic nonpsychiatric medications older patients psychotic disorders psychosomatic medicine 65156162 2003google scholar6 gilmer tp dolder cr lacro jp et al adherence treatment antipsychotic medication health care costs among medicaid beneficiaries schizophrenia american journal psychiatry 161692699 2004google scholar7 valenstein ganoczy mccarthy jf et al antipsychotic adherence time among patients receiving treatment schizophrenia retrospective review journal clinical psychiatry 6715421550 2006google scholar8 terkelsen kg menikoff measuring costs schizophrenia implications postinstitutional era us pharmacoeconomics 8199222 1995google scholar9 aschersvanum h faries de zhu b et al medication adherence longterm functional outcomes treatment schizophrenia usual care journal clinical psychiatry 67453460 2006google scholar10 weiden pj olfson cost relapse schizophrenia schizophrenia bulletin 21 419429 1995google scholar11 marcus sc olfson outpatient antipsychotic treatment inpatient costs schizophrenia schizophrenia bulletin 34 173180 2007google scholar12 sun sx liu gg christensen db et al review analysis hospitalization costs associated antipsychotic nonadherence treatment schizophrenia united states current medical research opinion 2323052312 2007google scholar13 osterberg l blaschke adherence medication new england journal medicine 353487497 2005google scholar14 lacro jp dunn lb dolder cr et al prevalence risk factors medication nonadherence patients schizophrenia comprehensive review recent literature journal clinical psychiatry 63892909 2002google scholar15 tarn dm heritage j paterniti da et al physician communication prescribing new medications archives internal medicine 16618551862 2006google scholar16 nielsenbohlman l panzer kindig da et al health literacy prescription end confusion washington dc national academies press 2004google sch
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100911
|
Nicole M. Lanouette|David P. Folsom|Andrés Sciolla|Dilip V. Jeste
|
Psychotropic Medication Nonadherence Among United States Latinos: A Comprehensive Literature Review
| 2,009 | null |
back table contents previous article next article articlefull accesspsychotropic medication nonadherence among united states latinos comprehensive literature reviewnicole lanouette mddavid p folsom md mphandres sciolla mddilip v jeste mdnicole lanouette mddavid p folsom md mphandres sciolla mddilip v jeste mdpublished online13 jan 2015httpsdoiorg101176ps2009602157aboutsectionspdfepub toolsadd favoritesdownload citationstrack citations shareshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inemail medication nonadherence among patients psychiatric disorders schizophrenia bipolar disorder depression major barrier favorable treatment outcomes suboptimal adherence psychotropic medications disorders associated relapse significantly psychiatric hospitalizations emergency room visits poorer mental functioning lower life satisfaction disabilityrelated absences work greater substance use increased suicidal behavior poorer adherence medications comorbid medical conditions higher health care costs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 unfortunately nonadherence antipsychotics antidepressants mood stabilizers common previous literature reviews noted rates ranging 10 77 mean rates 3560 17 18 19 20 previous studies established risk factors nonadherence including limited insight negative attitude subjective response toward medication shorter duration illness comorbid substance abuse poor therapeutic alliance living alone selfreported side effects limited family support 18 19 20 however many previous studies significantly limited conducted predominantly euroamerican populations ethnic racial disparities adherence noted nonwhite patients found likely lower adherence 3 21 22 23 latinos largest rapidly growing minority group united states constituting 13 population 24 40 foreignborn 75 immigrants children immigrants 25 acculturation process individuals adopt attitudes values customs beliefs behaviors another culture 26 found mixed health effects latinos including mental health effects 27 28 29 prevalence rates psychiatric disorders lower among latinos less acculturated disorder less likely receive mental health treatment 30 31 given health acculturation relationships acculturation could potentially affect adherence via example physicianpatient communication health literacy ethnic differences previously noted latinos number use prescriptions psychotropics 32 33 psychotropic dosing needs 34 response psychotropics 35 tolerability latinos 36 37 however knowledge yet comprehensive review literature examining psychotropic adherence among latinos living united states includes frequency nonadherence factors associated influences language acculturation nonadherence objectives assess rate nonadherence psychotropic medications among latinos living united states compare rate ethnic minority groups euroamericans identify culturally relevant factors influence adherence among latinosmethodsdata sources searched medline psycinfo databases using combinations following keywords antipsychotic mood stabilizer antidepressant lithium neuroleptic psychotropic schizophrenia bipolar disorder depression adherence compliance latino hispanic ethnicity spanish language acculturation searched articles published since 1980 reported studies measured prevalence adherence antipsychotics antidepressants mood stabilizers among latino adults united states reference lists recent reviews 18 19 20 38 39 also examined bibliographies potentially relevant articles study selectionwe identified 518 papers searches one authors nml read every title identified 214 potentially relevant articles screening broad inclusion criteria used excluded studies examined adherence among patients nonpsychiatric illnesses focused nonpsychiatric medications example adherence highly active antiretroviral therapy hivaids also excluded articles english spanish articles reported studies pediatric populations studies conducted outside united states search spanishlanguage literature revealed potentially relevant studies conducted populations outside united statesthe 214 potentially relevant articles read detail one authors included studies us populations including people living puerto rico although studies psychotropic medication adherence included population english spanish studies spanish include latinos measure adherence nonadherence including selfreport medication discontinuation rates antidepressants antipsychotics mood stabilizers prescribed depression schizophrenia schizoaffective disorder bipolar disorder even adherence primary focus study studies also examine ethnicity variable related adherence report adherence rates ethnic groups studies could determine whether significant differences ethnic groups studies included latino participants studies examine adherence factors influencing adherence excluded studies measure separate adherence rates latinos included children adolescents examined medication adherence medications antidepressants antipsychotics mood stabilizers examined adherence antidepressants antipsychotics mood stabilizers prescribed diseases listed example excluded studies anxiety dementia studies also excluded study dropout rates reported rather medication discontinuation adherence rates many factors cause study dropout necessarily cause nonadherence criterion led exclusion widely cited study found latinos likely euroamericans drop clinical trial identified reasons study discontinuation 36 data extraction 214 initially identified articles 193 excluded 21 included final analysis 1 6 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 results one study reported two different articles 52 53 counted articles one study one included study 44 examined adherencerelated factors subset sample another study 43 counted one study used nonadherence rate reported larger sample 43 calculation mean nonadherence rate studies including latinos 21 studies two authors nml dpf examined study design objectives location patient population medications studied participant characteristics including preferred language participants providers reported measures adherence rates adherence overall raceethnicity associations raceethnicity adherence including statistical measures adherencerelevant factors identified consistency use terms adherence nonadherence throughout review replacing terms compliance noncompliance used studies calculation nonadherence rates standardization studies reported adherence rates calculated nonadherence rates report studies examined adherence nonadherence therefore studies provided information additional categories adherence persons partially adherent excess fillers filled prescriptions frequently expected 6 40 58 59 60 report rates provided table 1 however mean nonadherence rate calculations used summed partial adherence nonadherence excess filler rates nonadherence rate one article 40 reported separate adherence rates ethnicity diagnosis article give separate rates table 1 however calculating mean nonadherence rates averaged nonadherence rates patients different diagnoses within ethnic group table 1 studies medication nonadherence sample included us latinos onlytable 1 studies medication nonadherence sample included us latinos onlyenlarge table although measure medication adherence ideal measures demonstrated reliability others patient caregiver reports physician reports adherence shown underestimate adherence 61 62 whereas adherence calculated use medication event monitoring system mems caps electronic bottle caps pharmacy fill records example medication possession ratios mprs cumulative possession ratios cprs shown generally objective measures 3 62 therefore also separately analyzed 11 articles reported studies used typically objective measures 1 6 46 48 51 52 54 56 58 59 60 data analysis statistics studies comparison data available investigators compare adherence rates separate racial ethnic groups used chi square tests test significance differences adherence rates group performed secondary calculations 11 studies nonadherence percentage calculations three studies 51 55 56 chi square tests two studies 50 57 percentage calculations chi square tests six studies 1 40 47 49 58 60 two studies unadjusted adjusted nonadherence rates yielded conflicting results 55 56 included findings used results multivariate analysis comparing rates racial ethnic groups used two methods compare nonadherence rates racial ethnic groups first examined mean nonadherence rates across studies included calculating effect size difference rates latinos euroamericans second counted number studies compared rates among groups report many studies find significant differences calculate effect size used spss version 1201 pool nonweighted nonadherence means standard deviations across studies used online effect size calculator webuccsedulbeckerpsy590escalc3htm used online chi square calculators wwwgraphpadcom wwwquantpsyorg chi square calculations used spss version 1201 descriptive statistics racial ethnic group terminologythe terminology racial ethnic groups literature highly varied purposes review term us latino includes anyone residing united states including puerto rico mexican central american south american puerto rican cuban ancestry use terms african american refer us residents trace ancestry africa euroamerican us residents european ancestry studies used hispanic black caucasian replaced terms latino african american euroamerican respectively standardization country origin participants specified study include information understand definitions limitations group people highly diverse backgrounds studies reported separate adherence rates asian americans racial ethnic groups number asianamerican patients patients groups studies typically small unable compare nonadherence rates risk factors latinos groupsresultsdescription studies prevalence nonadherence 21 studies tables 1 2 met inclusion criteria 1 6 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 showed great heterogeneity terms study design objectives population studied table 1 shows four investigations latino participants table 2 shows 17 studies included latinos ethnic groups table 2 studies medication nonadherence sample included us latinos us ethnic groupstable 2 studies medication nonadherence sample included us latinos us ethnic groupsenlarge table terms study design 13 studies prospective eight retrospective study objectives varied studies focused specifically adherence 1 6 41 44 45 46 47 49 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 others addressed different questions measured adherence part procedures eight studies based california 6 42 43 47 48 50 54 55 two texas 41 51 one new mexico 52 one new york 49 one connecticut 56 one ohio 40 four studies national registries veterans health administration 46 58 59 60 three national studies 1 45 57 twelve studies investigated nonadherence antipsychotics 1 6 41 42 43 46 49 50 51 54 58 59 five examined antidepressants 45 47 52 55 57 two examined mood stabilizers 48 60 two examined combination medications 40 56 ten studies focused schizophrenia schizoaffective disorder 1 6 41 42 43 49 50 51 59 five focused depression 45 47 52 55 57 three focused bipolar disorder 48 58 60 three involved combination diagnoses 40 54 56 total sample size 21 studies ranged 40 44637 meansd602413268 17 studies included latinos racial ethnic groups percentage latino participants ranged 29 56 mean203195 seven studies reported preferred language proportion spanishspeaking participants ranged none 100 mean457350 seven studies country origin ancestry latino participants reported primarily mexico four studies 41 43 50 51 primarily puerto rico two 40 56 mix mexico guatemala el salvador one 42 studies used range adherence measures including patient report 50 55 chart review physician report 41 combination patient family report chart review 43 49 medication discontinuation patient report 45 47 57 pill counts returned pills 46 mems caps 56 calculations pharmacy records including cumulative mean gap ratio cmgr mpr cpr 1 6 48 51 52 58 59 60 urine testing metabolites 54 two studies describe adherence measure 40 42 nineteen studies reported time period adherence examined ranged one week 48 months mean102103 months nonadherence rates three four studies included latinos 41 43 45 table 1 reported nonadherence rates ranged 330 550 mean440110 fourth 42 explored risk factors nonadherence among latinos detail rates discussed 17 studies included latinos racial ethnic groups table 2 12 1 6 40 47 49 50 51 52 56 57 58 60 provided data allowing comparison nonadherence rates latinos euroamericans mean nonadherence rates latinos euroamericans 394157 292165 respectively yielding overall effect size 64 ten studies also data available african americans 1 6 47 49 50 51 56 57 58 60 nonadherence rates studies follows latinos range 172631 mean410163 euroamericans range 100572 mean313172 african americans range 227651 mean432169 one study reported separate rates ethnicity diagnosis 40 showed difference nonadherence rates latinos schizophrenia compared euroamericans schizophrenia nonsignificant trend p055 toward higher nonadherence rates among latinos compared euroamericans patients depression comparison rates racial ethnic groups sixteen studies evaluated differences nonadherence rates latinos euroamericans addition 12 studies reported nonadherence rates latinos euroamericans four studies measured compared nonadherence rates two groups provide details 16 studies six found statistically significant differences 1 40 46 48 49 54 nine found latino patients significantly higher nonadherence rates 6 47 50 51 52 57 58 59 60 one found monolingual spanishspeaking patients bilingual patients likely nonadherent euroamerican patients 56 ten 14 studies african americans significantly greater nonadherence rates euroamericans 1 6 46 49 51 54 56 58 59 60 whereas four found difference 47 48 50 57 seven ten studies compared rates latinos african americans found difference 1 47 49 50 51 three found latinos lower nonadherence rates 54 58 60 objective measures adherence eleven studies 1 6 46 48 51 52 54 56 58 59 60 used mems caps calculations pharmacy data including mprs cprs cmgrs urine testing none studies included latinos used methods six 11 studies reported rates group 1 6 51 56 58 60 studies mean nonadherence rate 437187 latinos 365189 euroamericans 495177 african americans outcomes factors related latino nonadherence five 21 studies 41 42 43 44 45 56 included majority latino participants examined outcomes risk protective factors nonadherence specifically latinos table 3 table 3 factors potentially related psychotropic medication adherence among us latinos reference numbers studies investigated themtable 3 factors potentially related psychotropic medication adherence among us latinos reference numbers studies investigated themenlarge table one study 56 made crosscultural comparisons risk factors investigating significant factors group thus unable answer question relative importance identified factors latinos compared groups except comparisons previously published reviews also little overlap reports terms factors examined therefore direct comparisons relative importance identified factors possible one study made crosscultural comparisons identified older age among monolingual spanishspeaking latinos years previous treatment fewer depressive symptoms among euroamericans predictors higher adherence 56 nonadherence found predict worse illness course two studies examined healthrelated outcomes nonadherence 42 43 language acculturation nonadherence two studies explored relationship patients preferred language nonadherence found monolingual spanish speakers significantly likely nonadherent 45 56 even controlling important cofactors age number symptoms two studies evaluated interaction acculturation nonadherence one found acculturation related adherence 41 one found less acculturated patients significantly less adherent 42 language used proxy acculturation 63 64 65 66 three 42 45 56 four studies 41 42 45 56 found higher nonadherence less acculturated latinos socioeconomic status likely particularly important potential cofactor relationship nonadherence language acculturation examined whether studies controlled socioeconomic status studies found monolingual spanish speakers likely nonadherent one study controlled socioeconomic status controlling education health insurance status 45 study patients similar socioeconomic status access services 56 studies examined acculturation one controlled socioeconomic status 41 found socioeconomic status acculturation significantly associated nonadherence control socioeconomic status majority participants similarly lower socioeconomic groups 42 providers language ethnicity nonadherence one study assessed effect providers language found latino patien
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.111.962290
|
Norma C. Ware|Kim Hopper|Toni Tugenberg|Barbara Dickey|Daniel S. Fisher
|
A Theory of Social Integration as Quality of Life
| 2,008 | null |
back table contents previous article next article articlesfull accessa theory social integration quality lifenorma c ware phdkim hopper phdtoni tugenberg med licswbarbara dickey phddaniel fisher md phdnorma c ware phdsearch papers authorkim hopper phdsearch papers authortoni tugenberg med licswsearch papers authorbarbara dickey phdsearch papers authordaniel fisher md phdsearch papers authorpublished online1 jan 2008aboutsectionspdfepub toolsadd favoritesdownload citationstrack citations shareshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inemail 1980s presence persons severe mental illness streets homeless shelters occasioned crisis requiring response 9 10 11 12 13 later movement mental health system reform brought another shift priorities managed care came demands costeffectiveness 14 measurable outcomes 15 evidencebased standards treatment severe mental illness 16 17 emphasis quality life largely eclipsed result article returns attention topic raising questions quality life context severe mental illness mean outcome treatment object research aim reformulate concept way sets higher standards reflects new emphasis recovery construes quality life wellbeing also agency 18 19 20 21 22 23 social integration serves substantive focus define social integration process individuals psychiatric disabilities develop increasingly exercise capacities interpersonal connectedness citizenship 24 capabilities approach quality life capabilities approach human development provides conceptual framework exercise product decades scholarship development economics moral philosophy 25 26 27 28 29 capabilities approach reconceptualizes quality life disadvantaged populations 30 developed alternative utilitarian formulations use personal satisfaction income primary qualityoflife indicators recently capabilities approach associated principally study standards living poor people developing countries seeing put uses including rethinking disability disparities health 31 32 33 34 35 efforts target social structures outside service systems goal contrast use set ideas construct individuallevel theory guide efforts foster social integration persons psychiatric disabilities receiving mental health care capabilities perspective quality life construed terms agency intentional selfdirected action realization agency dependent upon synergistic combination two essential ingredients personal capacity social opportunitypersonal capacity refers attributes individuals equip exercise agency capacities inherent developed meaning certain amount capacity may come naturally inherent capacities improve new ones acquired learning practice personal capacities constitute agency potential capacities skills though suggest competence may think skills competencies acquired practice playing piano orin context mental health treatmentsymptom management emotion regulation stress reduction 36 37 38 capacities contrast competencies acquired developmental processes aimed moral social cognitive emotional growth skills may thought performative capacities generative opportunities real options action social world outside service systems take advantage opportunities individuals must requisite personal capacities needed resources reading example requires literacy capacity reading material resource ability take advantage opportunities mediated circumstances social environmentsocial processes example discrimination laws customs policies real opportunities enable individual pursue socially valued ends pursuit achievement ends improve quality life follows use term occasion refer opportunities occurring part mental health carethe research article second planned series reports anthropologically informed qualitative study study used capabilities approach define social integration context psychiatric disability build theory explains capacity development social integration may take place data collected 2003 2005 first report study offered new definition social integration see 24 address studys second theorybuilding objective methodsdata collectiontwo types data collection activities carried study individual indepth interviews brief ethnographic visits indepth interviews conducted adults psychiatrically disabled judgment investigators become socially integrated since disablement judgments based upon information forwarded service providers made collectively research team interviews unstructured worked elicit detailed accounts experiences related social integration seventyeight interviews conducted 56 intervieweesbrief ethnographic visits short stays service sites work foster social integration persons psychiatric disabilities purpose visits understand takes place eight visits made five programs psychiatric rehabilitation facility consumerrun dropin center therapeutic community residential employment program aimed redefining community communitybased treatment center young adults psychosis visits lasted one two days included interviews staff program users field observationsthe study approved committee human studies harvard medical school institutional review board nathan kline institute psychiatric research informed consent obtained study participants approved consent formdata analysis strategies analyzing qualitative data simply pulled shelf rather custom built fit investigation 39 40 construct theory showing capacities social integration may develop individuals psychiatric disabilities used theorydrivenbutinductive approach data analysis informed capabilities approach observational interview data analyzedfirst specify capacity construct second characterize occasions capacity building mental health care posed two analytical questions capacities needed connectedness citizenship occasions building capacities foster connectedness citizenship look like address questions interview transcripts materials derived observations notes ethnographic visits notes investigator discussions ethnographic visits transcripts recordings interviews conducted visits reviewed discussed facetoface daylong meetings research team telephone conferences twentythree meetings conferences took place twoandahalf years identify capacities needed social integration team selected larger corpus data sections text judged represent instances connectedness citizenship characterized capacities involved naming defining ways intended reflect meanings inherent text contrast example dictionary definitions insights understandings developed course conducting research analytic strategy informed grounded theory approach qualitative data analysis 41 42 43 much procedure used characterize occasions capacity building sections text represented interpersonal interactions individual providers recipients mental health care judged exemplify occasion identified named contextualized interpreted team names selected represent change processes defined interaction occasion means occasions represented mechanisms changeonce instances capacities occasions fleshed hypothetical process specifying interact informed capabilities approach formulated statement process promised working theory capacity building social integrationresultspresentation study results reflects theoretically informed yet inductive analytical process described show analytical questions intended specify capacities occasions answered lay theory capacity development social integration answer analytical questions six capacities five types occasions identified capacities moral social cognitive emotional competencies build maturity anchor social action occasions represented change mechanisms fostering capacity development overview appears figure 1 figure 1 capacities occasions development agency social integrationwhat capacities needed connectedness citizenshipthe following capacities suggested data responsibility ability act ways reflect consideration respect others accountability answerable others consequences ones actions context given set social moral standards imagination ability form ideas images mind know mental creations empathy ability envision understand identify others points view judgment ability form sound opinions sensible decisions absence complete information advocacy ability argue articulately position orally writing relative salience social emotional cognitive moral dimensions varies across capacities empathy example prominently social emotional cognitive emotional dimensions especially salient advocacy responsibility accountability social moral dimensions come quickly fore major advantage capacity construct larger capabilities approach highlight moral dimension agency thus allowing moral experience really matters 44 introduced discourses social integration following psychiatric disability meaning recovery mental illness occasions building capacities look liketo address question five types occasions identified occasions defined structured mechanisms change leading capacity development mechanisms change embedded microexchanges mental health providers users care type occasion change directed building capacity connectedness citizenship five types occasions representedcontradiction reinterpretation rehearsal raising expectations confrontationare salient study datacontradiction mr interviewee described evicted homeless shelter repeated rule infractions angry eviction however anger temperedand complicatedby fact although shelter staff instigated move also found new placement helped pack things driven new residence mr impressed also confused couldnt call jerks exclaimed true kicked look also seemingly contradictory juxtaposition callousness concern triggered shift perspective behavior remember really clearly said got new place walked door said chance things differently started started accountable people reinterpretation reinterpretation occasioned encounters new meanings familiar idea following interview excerpt ms recounts experience asked call halfway house staying course interaction encounters new meaning call though calling previously experienced infringement independence interaction depicted ms presented fact calling also signify consideration others learning acting new meaning ms subsequently became responsible remember first time asked call went somewhere like call aint mother aint callin business go staff person like worry said nobody worries dont even go im place live get school get apartment like well thats youre could go back sit ward like wait minute meanrehearsal enactment essential capacity hence third capacitybuilding mechanism rehearsal rehearsal mean executing developing capacity learning environment expectation feedback psychiatric rehabilitation program participating study enables participants rehearse students using adult education model practice communitybased psychosis treatment center organizes theater workshops led professional actors stage rehearsals emotional imaginative capacitiesempathy form adopting multiple perspectives situation example creating livinglearning environment practice reciprocal relationships therapeutic community visited functions continuously rehearsal stage connectedness citizenship larger social world dickey b ware nc unpublished manuscript rehearsal may usefully contrasted practice cited means skill development capacitybuilding mechanism rehearsing creates experience raising expectations fourth example see increased sociability brought subtle raising expectations study interview mr r referred turning point became open connecting others mr r described conditions change created ms mental health practitioner consistently respectful nice mr r returned greetings go hell simply smiled hung telephone calls proceeded nothing happened inquiring wellbeing usual one day ms ts congeniality cooled stopped talking mr r reported stopped saying hi asking mr r found missed attention pull connection come expect outweighed urge remain interpersonally distant tentatively tested waters put itinitiating greetings first say hi thats started mr r concluded little little talking conversations started getting longer longer next thing know therapy groups exhibiting warmth respect ms modeled alternative mr rs characteristic rudeness expressions anger pulling back certain point signaled usual demeanor longer acceptable effect changing rules interaction setting higher standard new standard required respect warranted earned socially acceptable behavior mr r promptly responded becoming considerate respectfulnicerand connected othersconfrontation last mechanism term confrontation confrontation mean deliberate challenges actions fail meet accepted standards confronting unacceptable actions part individuals severe mental illness sets expectation accountability assumes capacity reinforces connectedness communicates one acts affects othersthat social interactions something real stake aptly illustrated following interview excerpt staff person participating therapeutic community describes response resident faked injury escape work responsibilities first thought want punished felt way realized worst thing could talk time wrote note felt lied felt realize dishonest person trust broken going lasting consequences consequences arise peoples actions natural natural consequence lying people im gonna trust thats going really hard us work aroundnot every capacitybuilding occasion produces immediate change remainder anecdote makes clear staff persons attempt communicate lesson interpersonal consequences dishonesty initially went unheededher note interpreted dismissed simply list complaints subsequent attempts least one involved thirdparty mediation led understanding grievance note form empathy part resident eventually relationship strengthened least returned original statea theory capacity building social integrationhaving laid building blocks theorycapacity occasion mechanismwe come task assembling proposition follows individuals psychiatric disabilities bring preexisting capacities development process existing capacities expand new ones take root exposure occasions growth occasions present challenges may simple complex made either single interactions orchestrated sequences arranged order increasing difficulty challenges mastered via mechanismscontradiction reinterpretation confrontationcompetency affirmed sense possibility emerges aspiration together aspiration sense possibility fuel engagement new challenging occasions capacity builds expands agency iterative openended process process depicted schematically figure 2 figure 2 process capacity development exposure occasions growthoccasions capacity development share number characteristics assume capacity development possible take place practitioners act accordingly setting expectations performance insisting expectations met also allow possibility failure occurs find constructive ways responding constructive responses examine failure place perspective also allow consequences unfold genuine actions events characterized fact something significant stakethe development process expected neither uniform across capacities steady pace slippage stalling temporary reversals occur unexpected obstacles crop challenges declined adequate theory must account contingencies representation offer attempts dodiscussionour intent construct working theory capacity development social integration applies persons psychiatrically disabled theory reflects capabilities approach capabilities approach offers several advantages conceptual framework assumes diversity treats growth rather chronicity way thinking life possibilities following psychiatric disability growth contingent outcome dialectic individual social context development process thus one occasions growth follow build upon one another order increasing difficulty success failure trial error expected parts process finally capabilities approach leads framing quality life following psychiatric disability prioritizes capacity reflective action satisfaction functioningthe working theory posits spirallike growth process oncedisabled persons increase social integration capacity development envision theory applicable social integration also aspects quality life expect prove useful thinking social integration persons nonpsychiatric disabilities forms disadvantage hope serve useful starting point future empirical research practice social integration following psychiatric disability may ideal goal substantial progress direction reach field research project revealed number systematic innovative approaches addressing connectedness citizenship goals care supported employment programs placed individuals psychiatric disabilities competitive jobs demonstrated success 45 46 47 48 49 europe intensified campaigns social inclusion reduced barriers full social participation persons psychiatric disabilitiesby affirming rights addressing public fears correcting misinformation overcoming workplace obstacles 50 51 evidence accumulating part renaissance social psychiatry research 52 points environmental factors antecedents psychosis migration discrimination urban upbringing early childhood trauma recently implicated risk factors psychotic disorders epidemiological research 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 positing causal mechanisms capable explaining statistical associations adds depth area inquiry promises progress understanding psychosis 61 62 working theory outlined resonates social psychiatry renaissance however shifts emphasis origins consequences illness fundamental question address kind life individuals psychiatrically disabled reasonably entitled expect social integration form interpersonal connectedness active citizenship reasonable expectation argue means larger end ultimate advantage using capabilities approach rethink consequences disability leads us define quality life terms agency rather wellbeing alone capabilities perspective social integration improves quality life equipping people deliberate action reflective choiceconclusionsseveral questions remain answered initiative moves forward capacities contribute social integration besides discussed occasions specified occasions linked opportunities outside domain mental health care finally concepts processes outlined operationalized measured allow us test theory begin put practice implementation ideas important next step data presented demonstrate capacities social integration effectively developed part everyday routines mental health care providers tell us find theory useful analytical framework critiquing work future expect inform design interventions aimed increasing agency part recovery severe mental illnessfor example shared decision making medication management 63 point process assisting individuals agency development require coordination mental health service sectors however process must ultimately involve shift development exercise capacities recovery mean participation full citizens social world outside mental health care acknowledgments disclosuresthis study supported grant r01mh065247 national institute mental health contributions study participantspractitioners well service usersare gratefully acknowledged authors also thank madeleine smith msw assistance conducting researchthe authors report competing interests dr ware dr dickey department psychiatry harvard medical school dr ware also department social medicine harvard medical school ms tugenberg affiliated dr hopper nathan kline institute orangeburg new york mailman school public health columbia university new york city dr fisher national empowerment center lawrence massachusetts send correspondence dr ware department social medicine harvard medical school 641 huntington ave boston 02115 email email protected idea mental health treatment result better life persons severe mental illness dates back least 1970s improvement quality life declared goal national institute mental healths community support program initiative 1 2 time quality life attracted considerable attention 3 4 5 6 7 pressing concerns intervened 8 references1 schulberg hc bromet e strategies evaluating outcome community services chronically mentally ill american journal psychiatry 55302308 1981google scholar2 tessler rc goldman hh chronically mentally ill assessing community support programs cambridge mass bullinger 1982google scholar3 bigelow da brodsky g steward l et al concept measurement quality life dependent variable evaluation mental health services innovative approaches mental health evaluation edited stahler gj tash wr new york academic press 1982google scholar4 baker f intagliata j quality life evaluation community support systems evaluation program planning 56979 1982google scholar5 lehman af quality life interview chronically mentally ill evaluation program planning 115162 1988google scholar6 lewis da riger rosenberg h et al worlds mentally ill deinstitutionalization works city carbondale ill southern illinois university press 1991google scholar7 estroff se making crazy berkeley university california press 1981google scholar8 hopper k returning communityagain psychiatric services 531355 2002google scholar9 lamb hr homeless mentally ill task force report american psychiatric association washington dc american psychiatric association 1984google scholar10 lamb hr bachrach kass fi treating homeless mentally ill report task force american psychiatric association washington dc american psychiatric association 1992google scholar11 leshner ao outcasts main street report federal task force homelessness severe mental illness washington dc interagency council
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd001442.pub2
|
T.L. Burrows|Helen Truby|Pamela Morgan|Robin Callister|Peter S. W. Davies|Claire Collins
|
A comparison and validation of child versus parent reporting of children's energy intake using food frequency questionnaires versus food records: Who's an accurate reporter?
| 2,013 |
University of Newcastle Australia|Monash University|University of Newcastle Australia|University of Newcastle Australia|University of Queensland|University of Newcastle Australia
|
background aims aim study compare accuracy reporting childs total energy intake food frequency questionnaire ffq completed independently mother father child comparison total energy expenditure tee measured using doubly labeled water dlw ii compare accuracy weighed food record wfr dlw methods healthy weight children mean sd age 98 13years n 6 girls3 boys parents independently completed ffq childrens intake 4day wfr child intake recorded simultaneously accuracy energy intakes reports determined absolute percentage differences estimated energy intake tee measured dlw results mean difference limits agreement loa 2sd compared dlw child 130 1518 1258 kcal 113 35 tee father 398 0796 kcal 121 13 mother 807 213 1824 kcal 144 26 wfr 153 1089 1395 kcal 95 32 conclusions children accurate reporters compared parents fathers accurate mothers 4day wfr approximately equal child report ffq estimating ei children 811 years
|
https://doi.org/10.1071/sh14089
|
John G. McHutchison|Michael P. Manns|Keyur Patel|Thierry Poynard|Karen L. Lindsay|Christian Trépo|Jules L. Dienstag|William M. Lee|Carmen Mak|Jean?Jacques Garaud|Janice K. Albrecht
|
Adherence to combination therapy enhances sustained response in genotype-1–infected patients with chronic hepatitis C
| 2,002 |
Duke Medical Center|Clinical Research Institute|Medizinische Hochschule Hannover|Duke Medical Center|Clinical Research Institute|Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital|Sorbonne Université|University of Southern California|Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon|Massachusetts General Hospital|Harvard University|The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
|
background aims patient adherence prescribed antiviral therapy human immunodeficiency virus infection enhances response evaluated impact adherence combination therapy interferon peginterferon plus ribavirin chronic hepatitis c patients methods assessed effect dose reduction sustained virologic response svr prior trials interferon 2b plus ribavirin n 1010 peginterferon 2b 15 gkgweek plus ribavirin n 511 actual treatment administered verified drug dispensingreturn records patient diaries two groups defined 1 patients received 80 total interferon ribavirin doses 80 expected duration therapy 2 patients received reduced doses 80 one drugs 80 expected duration therapy statistical model provided comparative estimates response rates compliant patients results patients least 80 compliant interferon 2bribavirin peginterferon 2bribavirin therapy svr rates 52 63 respectively 2 regimens apparent hcv1infected patients impacts adherence efficacy subgroup analysis statistical modeling approach similar conclusions hcv1infected patients maintained 80 interferon peginterferon 2b ribavirin dosage duration treatment setting clinical trial exhibit enhanced sustained response rates results suggest adherence enhance likelihood achieving initial virologic response adherence beyond 1224 weeks advantageous patients achieved early virologic responsegastroenterology 200212310611069
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113152
|
Hamed Khalili|Leslie M. Higuchi|Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan|JoAnn E. Manson|Diane Feskanich|James M. Richter|Charles S. Fuchs|Andrew T. Chan
|
Hormone Therapy Increases Risk of Ulcerative Colitis but not Crohn's Disease
| 2,012 |
Massachusetts General Hospital|Harvard University|Boston Children's Hospital|Harvard University|Massachusetts General Hospital|Harvard University|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard University|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard University|Massachusetts General Hospital|Harvard University|Dana-Farber Cancer Institute|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard University|Massachusetts General Hospital|Harvard University|Brigham and Women's Hospital
|
background aimsestrogen proposed modulate gut inflammation effect estrogen receptors found gastrointestinal epithelial immune cells role postmenopausal hormone therapy risk crohns disease cd ulcerative colitis uc unclearmethodswe conducted prospective cohort study 108844 postmenopausal us women median age 54 years enrolled 1976 nurses health study without prior history cd uc every 2 years updated information menopause status postmenopausal hormone use risk factors selfreported diagnoses cd uc confirmed medical record review 2 gastroenterologists blinded exposure information used cox proportional hazards models calculate adjusted hazard ratios hrs 95 confidence intervals cisresultsthrough 2008 18 million personyears followup documented 138 incident cases cd 138 cases uc compared women never used hormones multivariateadjusted hr uc 171 95 ci 107274 among women currently used hormones 165 95 ci 103266 among past users risk uc appeared increase longer duration hormone use ptrend 04 decreased time since discontinuation difference risk according type hormone therapy used estrogen vs estrogen plus progestin contrast observe association current use hormones risk cd multivariateadjusted hr 119 95 ci 078182 effect hormones risk uc cd modified age body mass index smokingconclusionsin large prospective cohort women postmenopausal hormone therapy associated increased risk uc cd findings indicate pathways related estrogens might mediate pathogenesis uc estrogen proposed modulate gut inflammation effect estrogen receptors found gastrointestinal epithelial immune cells role postmenopausal hormone therapy risk crohns disease cd ulcerative colitis uc unclear conducted prospective cohort study 108844 postmenopausal us women median age 54 years enrolled 1976 nurses health study without prior history cd uc every 2 years updated information menopause status postmenopausal hormone use risk factors selfreported diagnoses cd uc confirmed medical record review 2 gastroenterologists blinded exposure information used cox proportional hazards models calculate adjusted hazard ratios hrs 95 confidence intervals cis 2008 18 million personyears followup documented 138 incident cases cd 138 cases uc compared women never used hormones multivariateadjusted hr uc 171 95 ci 107274 among women currently used hormones 165 95 ci 103266 among past users risk uc appeared increase longer duration hormone use ptrend 04 decreased time since discontinuation difference risk according type hormone therapy used estrogen vs estrogen plus progestin contrast observe association current use hormones risk cd multivariateadjusted hr 119 95 ci 078182 effect hormones risk uc cd modified age body mass index smoking large prospective cohort women postmenopausal hormone therapy associated increased risk uc cd findings indicate pathways related estrogens might mediate pathogenesis uc
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.13433
|
Marina Serper|Andrew J. Gawron|Samuel G. Smith|Anjali A. Pandit|Allison R. Dahlke|Elizabeth A. Bojarski|Rajesh N. Keswani|Michael S. Wolf
|
Patient Factors That Affect Quality of Colonoscopy Preparation
| 2,014 |
Northwestern University|Northwestern University|University College London|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University
|
background aimsoptimal colonoscopy preparation requires patients adhere written instructions activated complete task among patients chronic disease health literacy patient activation associated outcome factors studied colonoscopy examined association health literacy patient activation quality bowel preparationmethodswe analyzed outpatient colonoscopy results 462 adults 5574 years old mean 62 6 years previously completed extensive neurocognitive assessments part prospective study health literacy cognitive function older adults collected information cecal intubation polyp detection bowel preparation quality histopathologyresultsonethird patients n 134 suboptimal quality bowel preparation 15 n 62 fair quality 17 n 72 poor quality limited health literacy associated lower level education p 001 diabetes p 001 higher number chronic conditions p 001 quality colonoscopy preparation baseline characteristics associated patient activation multivariable analysis adjusting demographics clinical characteristics diabetes odds ratio 245 95 confidence interval ci 114525 patient activation 212 95 ci 130345 independent predictors suboptimal bowel preparation quality limited health literacy 076 95 ci 038152conclusionswe investigated relationship health literacy patient activation colonoscopy preparation quality lower patient activation independent predictor suboptimal bowel preparation quality interventions improve colonoscopy preparation quality consider importance patient activation within design optimal colonoscopy preparation requires patients adhere written instructions activated complete task among patients chronic disease health literacy patient activation associated outcome factors studied colonoscopy examined association health literacy patient activation quality bowel preparation analyzed outpatient colonoscopy results 462 adults 5574 years old mean 62 6 years previously completed extensive neurocognitive assessments part prospective study health literacy cognitive function older adults collected information cecal intubation polyp detection bowel preparation quality histopathology onethird patients n 134 suboptimal quality bowel preparation 15 n 62 fair quality 17 n 72 poor quality limited health literacy associated lower level education p 001 diabetes p 001 higher number chronic conditions p 001 quality colonoscopy preparation baseline characteristics associated patient activation multivariable analysis adjusting demographics clinical characteristics diabetes odds ratio 245 95 confidence interval ci 114525 patient activation 212 95 ci 130345 independent predictors suboptimal bowel preparation quality limited health literacy 076 95 ci 038152 investigated relationship health literacy patient activation colonoscopy preparation quality lower patient activation independent predictor suboptimal bowel preparation quality interventions improve colonoscopy preparation quality consider importance patient activation within design
|
https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211153
|
Mark Mann|Fatma Hussain|Muhammad Jamil
|
Prevalence and risk factors of HIV in Faisalabad, Pakistan- A retrospective study
| 1,969 |
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
|
background objective although magnitude hiv pakistan well documented record hiv prevalence faisalabad region existsa retrospective study carried sexually transmitted infections stis clinic district headquarter dhq hospital faisalabad pakistan find prevalence hiv related risk factorsmethods march 2010 december 2012 total 31040 subjects either interviewed medical records reviewedfrom recruited convenient sampling method written informed consent obtained informed study protocolblood serum tested antibodies hiv1 hiv2 enzymelinked immunosorbent assay western blotresults whole antihiv demonstrated 173 0557 respondentsthis gives overall hiv prevalence 557 per 100000averaged age patients 495 years range 3045 8555 malemajority patients urban dwellers 8728 divorced widowed 4682 uneducated 5028a large proportion 78 patients injection drug userscompared blood donationtransfusion sexual interactions injection drug use major potential risk factor hiv infectionconclusion important finding higher hiv prevalence faisalabad region compared previous assessments national levelthis reflects alarming situation necessitating contextual preventive interventionsprecarious practices injection drug abuse blood donationtransfusion needs amended extramarital sexual contacts avoided
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183924
|
Hussain Darraj|Mohamed Salih Mahfouz|Rashad Mohamed Al Sanosi|Mohammed Badedi|Abdullah Sabai|Abdulrahman Al Refaei|Hussain Mutawm
|
Arabic Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Depression Literacy Questionnaire among Adolescents
| 2,016 |
Jazan University|Ministry of Health|Jazan University|Jazan University|Jazan University|Ministry of Health|Jazan University|Ministry of Health|Jazan University|Ministry of Education|King Khalid University
|
background depression serious mental health disease globally estimated almost 350 million people suffer depression important assess depression literacy including knowledge beliefs mental disorders among adolescents objective study conducted validate arabic version depression literacy questionnaire dlit among adolescents methods crosssectional study conducted among sample size 120 adolescents statistical analysis included face validation confirmatory factor analysis reliability testing testretest carried within twoweek interval results mean score depression literacy among participants 86 sd 448 median 8 interquartile range 7 preliminary construct validation analysis confirmed factor analysis appropriate arabic version dlit total internal consistency measured cronbachs alpha coefficient splithalf test results 078 071 respectively testretest reliability measured pearsons correlation 092 spearman rho equal 091 conclusions face validity construct validity reliability analysis found satisfactory arabic version dlit arabic dlit found valid reliable used future studies
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260080
|
Dianne Goeman|Sue Conway|Ralph D. Norman|J.E. Morley|Rona Weerasuriya|Richard H. Osborne|Alison Beauchamp
|
Optimising Health Literacy and Access of Service Provision to Community Dwelling Older People with Diabetes Receiving Home Nursing Support
| 2,016 |
Monash University|Deakin University|Deakin University|Deakin University
|
background health literacy ability access understand use information services good health among people chronic conditions health literacy requirements effective selfmanagement high optimising health literacy access ophelia study engaged diverse organisations codesign interventions involving health literacy questionnaire hlq needs assessment followed development evaluation interventions addressing identified needs study reports process outcomes one nine organisations royal district nursing service rdns methods participants home nursing clients diabetes intervention included tailored diabetes selfmanagement education according preferred learning style standardised diabetes education tool resources teachback method results needs analysis 113 quotasampled clients showed difficulties managing health finding appraising health information servicewide diabetes education intervention applied 24 clients intervention well received clients nurses positive impacts clients diabetes knowledge behaviour seen nurses reported clear benefits practice conclusion structured method supports healthcare services codesign interventions respond health literacy needs clients lead evidenceinformed sustainable practice changes support clients better understand effective diabetes selfmanagement
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2011.04.010
|
Aleda M.H. Chen|Karen S. Yehle|Nancy M. Albert|Kenneth F. Ferraro|Holly L. Mason|Matthew M. Murawski|Kimberly S. Plake
|
Health Literacy Influences Heart Failure Knowledge Attainment but Not Self-Efficacy for Self-Care or Adherence to Self-Care over Time
| 2,013 |
Cedarville University|Purdue University West Lafayette|Cleveland Clinic|Purdue University West Lafayette|State Street (United States)|Purdue University West Lafayette|Purdue University West Lafayette|Purdue University West Lafayette
|
background inadequate health literacy may barrier gaining knowledge heart failure hf selfcare expectations strengthening selfefficacy selfcare behaviors adhering selfcare behaviors time objective examine health literacy associated hf knowledge selfefficacy selfcare adherence longitudinally methods prior education newly referred patients three hf clinics mmlmath xmlnsmmlhttpwwww3org1998mathmathml idm1mmlminmmlmimmlmommlmommlmn51mmlmnmmlmath agemmlmath xmlnsmmlhttpwwww3org1998mathmathml idm2mmlmn647mmlmnmmlmommlmommlmn130mmlmnmmlmathyears completed assessments health literacy hf knowledge selfefficacy adherence selfcare baseline 2 4 months repeated measures analysis variance bonferroniadjusted alpha levels used test longitudinal outcomes results health literacy associated hf knowledge longitudinally mmlmath xmlnsmmlhttpwwww3org1998mathmathml idm3mmlmipmmlmimmlmoltmmlmommlmn0001mmlmnmmlmath associated selfefficacy selfcare adherence posthoc analyses participants inadequate health literacy less hf knowledge participants adequate mmlmath xmlnsmmlhttpwwww3org1998mathmathml idm4mmlmipmmlmimmlmoltmmlmommlmn0001mmlmnmmlmath marginal mmlmath xmlnsmmlhttpwwww3org1998mathmathml idm5mmlmipmmlmimmlmommlmommlmn0073mmlmnmmlmath health literacy conclusions adequate health literacy associated greater hf knowledge selfefficacy adherence selfcare expectations time nurses understand patients health literacy level may educate patients using methods promote understanding concepts since interventions promote selfefficacy adherence selfcare associated health literacy level new approaches must examined
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/circheartfailure.111.963546
|
Bongiwe P S Hlatswayo|Sibusiso Ntshangase|F. P. R. De Villiers
|
The effects of iron deficiency and anaemia on primary school learners’ scholastic performance
| 2,016 |
Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University|University of South Africa|Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
|
background iron deficiency anaemia ida preventable cause cognitive impairment negative effects academic potential learners objectives determine local prevalence ida among grade 2 learners resourcepoor community evaluate association ida learners scholastic performance methods casecontrol observational design study data collected using stadiometer electronic scale hemocue hb 201 system official grade 1 school reports results point prevalence ida found 98 n 19 higher prevalence among girls 58 statistically significant difference performances two groups p 0511 mathematics statistically significant difference life skills p 000017 difference groups literacy languages approached statistical significance p 0071 conclusions results study suggest ida prevalent may negative effects learners scholastic performances negative effects warrant early preventive measures avoid possibilities school failure dropout poor productivity adulthood
|
https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329171100287x
|
Yousef Veisani|Ali Delpisheh|Kourosh Sayehmiri|Shahab Rezaeian
|
Trends of Postpartum Depression in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
| 2,013 |
Ilam University|Medical University of Ilam|Ilam University|Medical University of Ilam|Ilam University|Medical University of Ilam|Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
|
background postpartum depression ppd serious mental health disorder affecting 13 women developed communities present study reviews available epidemiological publications ppdrelated aspects iranian women help policy makers health workers design preventative strategies researches materials methods systematic review constructed based computerized literature valid database 95 confidence intervals calculated random effects models metaregression introduced explore explain heterogeneity studies data manipulation statistical analyses performed using stata 11 results overall 41 studies met inclusion criteria pooled prevalence ppd iran 253 95 ci 227279 amongst subgroups unwanted delivery illiterate housewives history depression prevalence 434 356511 316 181450 307 252363 452 354531 respectively conclusions interventions would specifically target women prior history depression illiterates housewives women unwanted pregnancies could helpful decrease prevalence postpartum depression iran
|
https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-13-0651
|
Samantha Joplin|Rick van der Zwan|Fredrick Joshua|Peter Wong
|
Medication Adherence in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Effect of Patient Education, Health Literacy, and Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
| 2,015 |
University of Sydney|Southern Cross University|Prince of Wales Hospital|UNSW Sydney|Arthritis Australia|UNSW Sydney
|
background rheumatoid arthritis ra chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting lt1 population incompletely controlled ra results fatigue joint soft tissue pain progressive joint damage reduced quality life increased cardiovascular mortality despite increasing range disease modifying agents halt disease progression poor patient adherence medication significant barrier management objective goal review examine effectiveness measures improve patient medication adherence methods studies addressing treatment adherence patients ra identified trawling psycinfo medline cochrane pubmed proquest studies published january 2000 october 2014 articles independently reviewed identify relevant studies results current strategies limited efficacy improving patient adherence medications used treat ra conclusion poor medication adherence complex issue low educational levels limited health literacy contributory factors psychological models may assist explaining medication nonadherence increasing patient knowledge disease seems sensible existing educational interventions appear ineffective improving medication adherence probably due overemphasis provision biomedical information novel approach patient education using musculoskeletal ultrasound proposed
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czu041
|
Vijayan K. Pillai|Arati Maleku|FangHsun Wei
|
Maternal Mortality and Female Literacy Rates in Developing Countries during 1970–2000: A Latent Growth Curve Analysis
| 2,013 |
The University of Texas at Arlington|The University of Texas at Arlington|Kutztown University
|
background gross longitudinal relationship female literacy maternal mortality ratios adequately investigated even though knowledge relationship crucial designing maternal mortality reduction programs female literacy campaigns improvements objective study examine dynamic relationship female literacy mortality ratios longitudinal study design spanning three decades 19702000 used country level data 143 nations belonging six geographical regions duration 19702000 secured websites hosted global agencies world bank united nations utilized maternal mortality ratios 19702000 ranged 147 271 across six regions longitudinal relationship female literacy rates maternal mortality ratios examined using latent growth curve approach study found rates change female literacy maternal mortality ratios negatively related steady rates increase female literacy associated declining maternal mortality ratios well find female literacy programs immense value reducing maternal mortality ratios given ability yield sustained reductions mortality levels developing countries
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/25228
|
P. C. Joshi|Sonia Kaushal|Bijaya S. Aribam|Prashant Khattri|Olivia D’Aoust|Mongjam Meghachandra Singh|Michael Marx|Debarati Guha?Sapir
|
Recurrent floods and prevalence of diarrhea among under five children: observations from Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh, India
| 2,011 |
University of Delhi|University of Delhi|University of Delhi|University of Delhi|UCLouvain|Maulana Azad Medical College|University of Delhi|Heidelberg University|UCLouvain
|
background diarrhea important problem among underfive children india objective paper examines longterm impacts recurrent floods diarrhea among underfive children uttar pradesh india design two stage stratified cluster survey conducted flood affected exposed nonflood affected areas unexposed results longterm impact floods clearly marked overall prevalence diarrhea exposed group prevalence 551 562 unexposed group children five economic condition household associated prevalence diarrhea exposed unexposed strata anemia found significant risk factor diarrhea among children flood exposed nonflood exposed populations recurrent floods significant effect prevalence diarrhea relation gender religion caste household size conclusions study indicates longterm impacts floods differently manifested immediate impacts
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199300
|
Ahm Feroz|SM Nurul Islam|Selim Reza|Akm Mujibur Rahman|Jawaharlal Sen|Mogni Mowla|Md Ridwanur Rahman
|
A Community Survey on the Prevalence of Suicidal Attempts and Deaths in a Selected Rural Area of Bangladesh
| 1,970 |
American Society of Safety Professionals|Dhaka International University|Dhaka International University
|
background suicide public health problem often neglected researchers health policy makers medical profession year 2000 approximately one million people died suicide represents global mortality rate 16 per 100000 according estimates year 2020 based current trends approximately 153 million people die suicide 1020 times people attempt suicide worldwide aim study describe community prevalence suicidal attempts deaths rural area bangladesh find relationship suicide sociodemographic variables study design setting community based survey carried members department medicine shaheed suhrawardi medical college hospital mominpur union sadar upazilla district chuadanga statistical analyses performed using spss 16 results total 3551 households surveyed covering 12422 individuals total 35 individuals attempted suicide last one year 16 died rest 19 survived one year incidence suicidal attempt study area 2818 per thousand population incidence suicidal deaths 1288 per 100000 population median age people attempted committed suicide 3036range12 70 years 429 suicide attempted people twenties 2029 years male female ratio around 14 around 333 people attempted committed suicide studied secondary level 286 studied primary level 552 people committed attempted suicide housewives103 daily basis worker 69 students another 69 engaged agricultural work 34 disabled majority 457 people committed attempted suicide lower class 371 lower middle class 143 middle class 29 upper class majority 829 person attempted suicide died suicide married around 57 discord family around 23 least one relative died suicide around 17 suffering chronic diseases two substance abuser one preexisting mental disorder two 58 orphan around seven 20 made attempt current one conclusion community survey rural area southwest bangladesh revealed suicide major cause mortality especially young females although study results small population community high rate deaths suicide alarming warrants studies regional national level find risk factors doi httpdxdoiorg103329jomv13i110042 jom 2012 131 39
|
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01078-1
|
Alessandra Buja|Andrea Rabensteiner|Milena Sperotto|Giulia Grotto|Chiara Bertoncello|Silvia Cocchio|Tatjana Baldovin|Paolo Contu|Chiara Lorini|Vincenzo Baldo
|
Health Literacy and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review
| 2,020 |
University of Padua|University of Florence|University of Cagliari|University of Padua|University of Florence|University of Cagliari|University of Padua|University of Florence|University of Cagliari|University of Padua|University of Florence|University of Cagliari|University of Padua|University of Florence|University of Cagliari|University of Padua|University of Florence|University of Cagliari|University of Padua|University of Florence|University of Cagliari|University of Padua|University of Florence|University of Cagliari|University of Padua|University of Florence|University of Cagliari|University of Padua|University of Florence|University of Cagliari
|
background importance health literacy hl health promotion increasingly clear acknowledged globally especially addressing noncommunicable diseases paper aimed collect summarize current data observational studies generating evidence association hl physical activity pa analyze intervention studies promotion pa ascertain whether hl moderates efficacy intervention methods comprehensive systematic literature search observational studies investigating association hl pa performed intervention studies promotion pa also measured hl levels participants effect outcome intervention also identified results 22 studies included review 18 found significant positive association high hl high levels pa intervention study among indicated hl significant moderator interventions effectiveness conclusion hl enable individuals make deliberate choices pa thus contribute preventing many chronic noncommunicable diseases said low levels hl seem influence efficacy health promotion interventions
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.09.027
|
Deepak Saxena|Ruchi Vangani|Dileep Mavalankar|Sarah Thomsen
|
Inequity in maternal health care service utilization in Gujarat: analyses of district-level health survey data
| 2,013 |
Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar|Karolinska Institutet|Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar|Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar|Karolinska Institutet
|
background two decades launch safe motherhood campaign india still accounts least quarter maternal death globally gujarat one economically developed states india progress social sector commensurate economic growth purpose study use districtlevel data gain better understanding equity access maternal health care draw attention policy planers monitor equity maternal care methods secondary data analyses performed among 7534 evermarried women delivered since january 2004 district level household facility survey dlhs3 carried 20072008 gujarat india based conceptual framework designed commission social determinants health associations assessed three outcomes institutional delivery antenatal care anc use modern contraception selected intermediary structural determinants health using multiple logistic regression results inequities maternal health care utilization persist gujarat structural determinants like caste group wealth education significantly associated access minimum three antenatal care visits institutional deliveries use modern method contraceptive significant relationship poor access less utilization anc services independent caste category residence discussion conclusions poverty important determinant nonuse maternal health services gujarat addition social position ie caste strong independent effect maternal health service use focused targeted efforts towards disadvantaged groups needs taken policy level order achieve targets goals laid per mdgs particular government gujarat invest basic education infrastructural development begin remove structural causes nonuse maternal health services
|
https://doi.org/10.4103/amhs.amhs_85_20
|
Graham Smith|Supriya Shore|Larry A. Allen|David W. Markham|Amy L. Mitchell|Miranda Moore|Alanna A. Morris|Candace Speight|Neal W. Dickert
|
Discussing Out?of?Pocket Costs With Patients: Shared Decision Making for Sacubitril?Valsartan in Heart Failure
| 2,019 |
Emory University|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|University of Colorado Denver|Emory University|Emory University|Emory University|Emory University|Emory University|Emory University
|
background financial toxicity concern patients little known patients consider outofpocket cost decisions sacubitrilvalsartan provides contemporary scenario understand financial toxicity guideline recommended heart failure reduced ejection fraction yet outofpocket costs considerable methods results structured interviews conducted 49 patients heart failure reduced ejection fraction heart failure clinics inpatient services patient opinions drug value solicited description benefits using graphical displays descriptive quantitative analysis closedended responses conducted qualitative descriptive analysis text data performed participants 92 4549 said would definitely probably switch sacubitrilvalsartan physician recommended outofpocket cost 5 per month current medication 43 2149 would outofpocket cost 100 per month p lt0001 least 40 across income categories would unlikely take sacubitrilvalsartan 100 per month participants exhibited heterogeneous approaches cost decision making varied use interpretation probabilistic information 20 participants stated physicians initiated conversation cost past year conclusions outofpocket cost variation reflective contemporary cost sharing substantially influenced stated willingness take sacubitrilvalsartan guidelinerecommended therapy mortality benefit findings suggest need cost transparency promote shared decision making also demonstrate complexity cost discussion need study incorporate outofpocket cost clinical decisions
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941518803807
|
Kate Baker|David Skuse
|
Adolescents and young adults with 22qll deletion syndrome: psychopathology in an at-risk group
| 2,005 |
University College London|University College London
|
background 22q11 deletion syndrome associated high rates psychiatric morbidity especially schizophrenia common neurodevelopmental trajectories characterise 22q11 deletion syndrome idiopathic schizophrenia similar premorbid features would predicted aims define psychopathology adolescents young adults 22q11 deletion syndrome method individuals 22q11 deletion syndrome n 25 age iqmatched comparison participants n 25 along withtheir parentscarers completed standardised semistructured assessments results psychiatric disorders prevalent among syndrome included attention deficit depression anxiety nearly half reported transient psychotic experiences inappropriate emotionality disrupted social behaviour also common poor functional adjustment associated schizotypal symptoms marked older individuals conclusions 22q11 deletion syndrome associated significant psychopathology prior adulthood double proportion expected develop schizophrenia reported psychotic phenomena findings imply continuum developmental disruption 22q11 deletion syndrome associated declining mental health early adulthood
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941518822453
|
Tami Katzir|Young?Suk G. Kim|Shahar Dotan
|
Reading Self-Concept and Reading Anxiety in Second Grade Children: The Roles of Word Reading, Emergent Literacy Skills, Working Memory and Gender
| 2,018 |
University of Haifa|University of California, Irvine|University of Haifa
|
background 3 studies field reading focused linguistic cognitive factors less 4 known affective aspects reading young readers selfperceptions 5 reading reading related anxiety 6 aims 7 study aimed shed light direct indirect relations reading related 8 skills working memory emergent literacy skills word reading accuracy rate gender 9 sources reading affect reading selfconcept anxiety 10 sample 11 total 115 hebrew speaking second graders participated study 12 methods 13 set measures assessing reading accuracy rate emergent literacy skills phonological 14 fluency rapid automatized naming working memory reading affect questionnaires 15 reading selfconcept reading anxiety administered participants 16 results 17 path analysis used primary analytic approach results indicated negative moderate 18 relation reading selfconcept reading anxiety relations working memory 19 emergent literacy reading selfconcept reading anxiety shown primarily 20 indirect via word reading accuracy reading rate girls report higher reading anxiety 21 lower reading selfconcept despite higher performance reading accuracy difference 22 reading rate compared boys 23 conclusions 24 current results support importance examining reading affect potential sources 25 reading affect results suggest reading selfconcept anxiety related skills 26 considered designing reading intervention instructions
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/23969415221099397
|
Abraham Degarege|Kristopher Fennie|Dawit Degarege|Shasank Chennupati|Purnima Madhivanan
|
Improving socioeconomic status may reduce the burden of malaria in sub Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
| 2,019 |
Addis Ababa University|Florida International University|Florida International University|Government of Ethiopia|Florida International University|Public Health Research Institute Of India|Florida International University
|
background clear understanding effects housing structure education occupation income wealth malaria help better design socioeconomic interventions control disease literature review summarizes relationship housing structure educational level occupation income wealth epidemiology malaria subsaharan africa ssa methods systematic review metaanalysis conducted following preferred reporting items systematic reviews metaanalyses guidelines protocol study registered prospero idcrd42017056070 international database prospectively registered systematic reviews january 16 2016 available literature searched pubmed embase cinahl cochrane library case studies reported prevalence incidence plasmodium infection stratified socioeconomic status among individuals living ssa included without limits odds ratio relative risk rr together 95 ci pvalues used effect measures heterogeneity assessed using chisquare morans i2 tau2 tests fixed i230 random i230 loglinear doseresponse model used estimate summary rr results removing duplicates screening titles abstracts full text 84 articles found eligible systematic review 75 included metaanalyses fiftyseven studies crosssectional 12 prospective cohort 10 casecontrol five randomized control trials odds plasmodium infection increased among individuals living poor quality houses 213 95 ci 156323 i2 277 uneducated 136 95 ci 119154 i2 7240 farmers occupation 148 95 ci 111185 i2 00 p001 odds plasmodium infection also increased decrease income 102 95 ci 101103 tau20001 wealth index individuals 125 95 ci 118135 tau2 0028 p0001 longitudinal studies also showed increased risk plasmodium infection among individuals living poor quality houses rr 186 95 ci 147225 i2 00 uneducated 127 103150 i2 00 farmers 136 118158 p001 conclusions lack education low income low wealth living poorly constructed houses occupation farming may increase risk plasmodium infection among people ssa public policy measures reduce inequity health coverage well improve economic educational opportunities poor help reducing burden malaria ssa
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13165
|
David Messer|Gilly Nash
|
An evaluation of the effectiveness of a computer?assisted reading intervention
| 2,017 |
The Open University
|
background costeffective method address reading delays use computerassisted learning techniques always effective methods evaluated commercially available computer system uses visual mnemonics randomised controlled trial 78 englishspeaking children mean age 7 years schools identified needing reading support schoolbased individual tutorials usually took place 23 timesweek experimental group received intervention first 10 months thereafter experimental control groups received intervention 6 months results 10 months experimental group significantly higher standardised scores waiting list control group decoding phonological awareness naming speed phonological shortterm memory executive loaded working memory conclusions computerassisted intervention effective suggests medium used reading interventions englishspeaking children already known topic comparatively randomised controlled trial evaluations computerbased reading interventions metaanalyses report small positive effect sizes interventions englishspeaking children use visual mnemonics improve reading rarely investigated paper adds findings suggest computerbased interventions englishspeaking struggling readers effective effects extended beyond targeted abilities longer intervention effective shorter one apart spelling mean reading reading related standardised scores children end intervention 100 implications theory policy practice computerbased interventions used support englishspeaking struggling readers effects go beyond targeted abilities use visual mnemonics development intervention programme number years could contributed success role visual mnemonics help struggling readers deserves investigation
|
https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230701677787
|
Jamuna Rani Appalasamy|Joyce Pauline Joseph|Siva Seeta Ramaiah|Anuar Zaini Md Zain|Kia Fatt Quek|Kyi Kyi Tha
|
Video Narratives Intervention Among Stroke Survivors: Feasibility and Acceptability Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial
| 2,020 |
Monash University Malaysia|Ministry of Health|Hospital Kuala Lumpur|Subang Jaya Medical Centre|Monash University Malaysia|Monash University Malaysia|Monash University Malaysia
|
background large number stroke survivors worldwide suffer moderate severe disability malaysia longterm uncontrolled stroke risk factors lead unforeseen rates recurrent stroke growing incidence stroke occurrence across ages predominantly among elderly population situation motivated research efforts focused tapping patient education especially related patient selfefficacy understanding taking medication appropriately video narratives integrated health belief model constructs demonstrated potential impacts aide patient education efforts objective aim study investigate feasibility acceptability study procedures based randomized controlled trial protocol video narratives intervention among poststroke patients also aimed obtain preliminary findings video narratives related medication understanding use selfefficacy muse blood pressure control methods parallel group randomized controlled trial including control group without video viewing intervention group video viewing conducted researchers neurology outpatient clinic poststroke patients n54 baseline data included patients sociodemographic characteristics medical information outcome measures measurements muse blood pressure following trial taken 3month followup period feasibility trial assessed based recruitment study completion rates along patients feedback burden study procedures outcome measures acceptability trial analyzed qualitatively statistical analysis applied ascertain preliminary results video narratives results recruitment rate 60 117 patients 513 nevertheless dropout rate 10 within acceptable range patients aged 21 74 years nearly 50 patients gt85 adequate health literacy exposure stroke education patients gt80 diagnosed ischemic stroke whereby majority primary hypertension technicalities randomization patient approach carried minimal challenge adequate patient satisfaction video contents received good responses respect comprehension simplicity moreover indepth phone interview 8 patients indicated video narratives considered useful inspiring findings paralleled preliminary findings significant improvement within groups muse p001 systolic blood pressure control p04 conclusions queries feedback phase study acknowledged taken forward full trial trial registration australian new zealand clinical trials registry actrn 12618000174280 httpswwwanzctrorgautrialregistrationtrialreviewaspxid373554
|
https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.101758
|
Sandra Garrido|Chris Millington|Daniel Cheers|Katherine M. Boydell|Emery Schubert|Tanya Meade|Quang Vinh Nguy?n
|
What Works and What Doesn’t Work? A Systematic Review of Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Young People
| 2,019 |
Western Sydney University|Translational Research Institute|Western Sydney University|Western Sydney University|New South Wales Department of Health|Black Dog Institute|UNSW Sydney|Western Sydney University|Western Sydney University
|
background major challenge providing mental health interventions young people making interventions accessible appealing need online appbased forms therapy mental health burgeoning therefore crucial identify features effective engaging young users objectives study reports systematic review metaanalysis digital mental health interventions effectiveness addressing anxiety depression young people determine factors relate outcomes adherence engagement interventions methods mixed methods approach taken including metaanalysis 9 randomized controlled trials compared use digital intervention depression young people nointervention control group 6 comparing intervention active control condition thematic analysis narrative synthesis 41 studies also performed results pooled effect size digital mental health interventions depression comparison nointervention control moderate cohens 033 95 ci 011 055 pooled effect size studies comparing intervention group active control low cohens 014 95 ci 04 031 pooled effect sizes higher supervision involved studies nointervention controls cohens 052 95 ci 023 080 studies active control cohens 049 95 ci 011 101 engagement adherence rates low qualitative analysis revealed users liked interventions gamelike feel relatable interactive content educational materials perceived boring users put nonappealing interfaces technical glitches conclusions digital interventions work better intervention improve depression young people results different studies pooled together however interventions may clinical significance use highly supervised digital interventions work better active alternatives regardless level support future interventions need move beyond use digital educational materials considering ways attract engage young people ensure relevance appeal
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2006.00592.x
|
Bárbara Riegel|Stephen T. Moelter|Sarah J. Ratcliffe|Susan J. Pressler|Sabina De Geest|Sheryl Potashnik|Desiree Fleck|Daohang Sha|Steven L. Sayers|William S. Weintraub|Terri E. Weaver|Lee R. Goldberg
|
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness is Associated With Poor Medication Adherence in Adults With Heart Failure
| 2,011 |
University of Pennsylvania|University of the Sciences|Philadelphia University|University of Pennsylvania|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|KU Leuven|University of Basel|University of Pennsylvania|Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania|Philadelphia University|University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania|Christiana Care Health System|University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign|University of Illinois at Chicago|University of Pennsylvania
|
background relationship excessive daytime sleepiness eds poor treatment adherence suspected confirmed hypothesized medication adherence would poorer adults heart failure hf eds cognitive status would mechanism effect methods results sample 280 adults chronic hf enrolled prospective cohort comparison study identified cohort eds control group without eds divided groups without mild cognitive decline data medication adherence obtained baseline 3 6 months using basel assessment adherence scale regression analysis used clarify contribution eds cognition medication adherence assess relationships 6 months adjusting age enrollment site gender race functional class depression premorbid intellect baseline 62 subjects nonadherent medication regime nonadherence significantly common eds regardless cognitive status p 035 odds nonadherence increased 11 unit increase eds adjusted odds ratio 111 95 confidence interval 105119 p 001 longitudinal models 10 increase odds nonadherence unit increase eds p 008 cognition measure significantly associated medication adherence attention p 047 conclusions adults hf eds likely problems adhering medication regimen without eds regardless cognitive status identifying correcting factors interfere sleep may improve medication adherence
|
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00686
|
Abdul?Aziz Seidu
|
Mixed effects analysis of factors associated with barriers to accessing healthcare among women in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from demographic and health surveys
| 2,020 |
University of Cape Coast|James Cook University
|
background access healthcare one key global concerns treasured sustainable development goals study therefore sought assess individual contextual factors associated barriers accessing healthcare among women subsaharan africa ssa materials methods data study obtained latest demographic health surveys dhs conducted january 2010 december 2018 across 24 countries ssa sample comprised 307611 women aged 1549 data analysed stata version 142 using descriptive multilevel logistic regression modelling statistical significance set plt005 results found 615 women ssa face barriers accessing healthcare predominant barriers getting money needed treatment 501 distance health facility 373 women aged 3539 aor 0945 ci 09110980 married women aor 0694 ci 06580732 richest women aor 0457 ci04430472 read newspaper magazine least week aor 0893 ci08110983 lower odds facing barriers accessing healthcare however formal education aor 1803 ci17181891 manual occupations aor 1551 ci 14241689 parity 4 aor 1211 ci 11691255 covered health insurance aor 1284 ci 12481322 rural areas aor 1235 ci1209126 higher odds facing barriers healthcare access conclusion individual contextual factors associated barriers healthcare accessibility ssa particularly age marital status employment parity health insurance coverage exposure mass media wealth status place residence associated barriers healthcare accessibility factors ought considered various countries ssa strengthen existing strategies develop new interventions help mitigate barriers ssa african countries adopt successful programs parts ssa suit context national health insurance scheme nhis communitybased health planning services concepts ghana
|
https://doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001110
|
Muhammad Majid Aziz|Imran Masood|Mahreen Yousaf|Hammad Saleem|Dan Ye|Yu Fang
|
Pattern of medication selling and self-medication practices: A study from Punjab, Pakistan
| 2,018 |
Xi'an Jiaotong University|Islamia University of Bahawalpur|Bahauddin Zakariya University|University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences|Xi'an Jiaotong University|Xi'an Jiaotong University
|
background access medicines without prescription major contributing factor selfmedication practices study designed examine ratio nonprescribed medicines sales selfmedication practices punjab pakistan study also evaluates reasons selfmedication within communities methods observational study conducted 272 systemically selected pharmacies analyze medicinesrelated sales without prescription crosssectional survey performed june 2015 november 2016 consumers interviewed selfmedication practices results pharmacies surveyed 653 participated study total 4348 medicines purchased selfmedication 3037 consumers 152 study participants 873 287 participated interview majority 812 medicine purchaser 909 interview participants 594 drug users male average community pharmacy sold 79 medicines without prescription day average 55 customers many participants 289 matriculation formal education medicines often sold selfmedication analgesics antipyretics394 25 participants reported fever symptoms 478 assumed illness trivial consult doctor media advertisements common source information participants 467 conclusion many types medicines often sold without prescription community pharmacies selfmedication common practice wide range illnesses pakistan also needs effective implementation policies monitor medication sales public education rational medication limits advertising medicine necessary
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2017.01.005
|
Bengt Svensson|Lars Hansson
|
Effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid Training in Sweden. A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Six-Month and Two-Year Follow-Up
| 2,014 |
Lund University|Lund University
|
background according recent report european brain council european colleague neuropsychopharmacology one year prevalence kind mental disorder around 27 among adult population europe research shown lack mental health literacy population general thus important find ways improve publics knowledge skills provide first hand support people mental disorders mental health first aid mhfa training program shown positive changes knowledge helping behavior study investigates mhfa training swedish context provides sustained improvement knowledge mental disorders better ability helpful contacts people ill changes attitudes positive direction methods findings introduction training program made accordance constructors instructions participants mainly public sector employees county west sweden study randomized controlled trial experiment group n 199 control group n 207 placed waiting list 6month followup twoyear followup conducted participants n 155 intervention waiting list group completed training followup contact persons mental disorders intervention group improved knowledge well confidence providing help someone need twoyear followup showed improvements great extent maintained conclusions mental health first aid might raise level awareness mental disorders influence number people receive professional treatment problems
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.02.022
|
Anne Lambert?Kerzner|Eric J. Del Giacco|Ibrahim E. Fahdi|Chris L. Bryson|S. Dee Melnyk|Hayden B. Bosworth|Ryan Davis|Howard Mun|Jennifer Weaver|Casey Barnett|Tiffany A. Radcliff|Amanda Hubbard|Kevin D. Bosket|Evan Carey|Allison Virchow|Renee Mihalko-Corbitt|Amy Kaufman|Kathy Marchant?Miros|P. Michael Ho
|
Patient-Centered Adherence Intervention After Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalization
| 2,012 |
Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center|Denver VA Medical Center|Durham VA Medical Center
|
background adherence cardioprotective medications year acute coronary syndrome hospitalization generally poor associated increased risk rehospitalization mortality interventions specifically targeted highrisk patient population improve medication adherence hypothesize multifaceted patientcentered intervention could improve adherence cardioprotective medications methods results evaluate intervention propose enrolling 280 patients recent acute coronary syndrome event multicenter randomized controlled trial intervention comprises4 main components 1 pharmacistled medication reconciliation tailoring 2 patient education 3 collaborative care pharmacist primary care providercardiologist 4 2 types voice messaging educational medication refill reminder calls patients intervention arm visit study pharmacist 1 week posthospital discharge pharmacist work patient collaborate providers reconcile medication issues voice messages augment educational process remind patients refill cardioprotective medications study compare intervention versus usual care 12 months primary outcome interest adherence using recomp method secondary tertiary outcomes include achievement targets blood pressure lowdensity lipoprotein reduction combined cardiovascular end points myocardial infarction hospitalization coronary revascularization allcause mortality finally also evaluate costeffectiveness intervention compared usual care conclusions intervention effective improving medication adherence demonstrating lower cost intervention potential improve cardiovascular outcomes highrisk patient population
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989x10369000
|
Sergio Rueda|Laura Park-Wyllie|Ahmed M. Bayoumi|Anne-Marie Tynan|Tony Antoniou|Sean B. Rourke|Richard H. Glazier
|
Patient support and education for promoting adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS
| 2,006 |
St. Michael's Hospital|St. Michael's Hospital|University of Toronto|St. Michael's Hospital|St. Michael's Hospital|University of Toronto|St. Michael's Hospital
|
background adherence prescribed regimens required derive maximal benefit many highly active antiretroviral therapy haart regimens people living hivaids objectives conduct systematic review research literature effectiveness patient support education improve adherence haart search methods systematic search electronic databases performed january 1996 may 2005 selection criteria randomized controlled trials examining effectiveness patient support education improve adherence haart considered inclusion studies measured adherence minimum six weeks included data collection analysis study selection quality assessments data abstraction performed independently two reviewers main results nineteen studies involving total 2159 participants met criteria inclusion possible conduct metaanalysis due study heterogeneity respect populations interventions comparison groups outcomes length followup sample sizes ranged 22 367 populations studied ranged general hivpositive populations studies focusing exclusively children women latinos adults history alcohol dependence studies focusing almost exclusively men study interventions included cognitive behavioral therapy motivational interviewing medication management strategies interventions indirectly targeting adherence programs directed reduce risky sexual behaviours ten studies demonstrated beneficial effect intervention adherence found interventions targeting practical medication management skills administered individuals vs groups interventions delivered 12 weeks associated improved adherence outcomes also found interventions targeting marginalized populations women latinos patients past history alcoholism successful improving adherence unable determine whether effective adherence interventions associated improved virological immunological outcomes studies several methodological shortcomings leaving vulnerable potential biases authors conclusions found evidence support effectiveness patient support education interventions intended improve adherence antiretroviral therapy interventions targeting practical medication management skills interventions administered individuals vs groups interventions delivered 12 weeks associated improved adherence outcomes need standardization increased methodological rigour conduct adherence trials
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989x15581800
|
Elona Toska|Lucie Cluver|Mark Boyes|Marija Pantelic|Caroline Kuo
|
From ‘sugar daddies’ to ‘sugar babies’: exploring a pathway among age-disparate sexual relationships, condom use and adolescent pregnancy in South Africa
| 2,015 |
Oxford Policy Management|University of Oxford|University of Oxford|University of KwaZulu-Natal|Groote Schuur Hospital|University of Cape Town|Oxford Policy Management|Curtin University|Oxford Policy Management|University of Oxford|Brown University|Providence College|Groote Schuur Hospital|University of Cape Town|University of KwaZulu-Natal
|
background adolescent pregnancy linked adverse outcomes studies proposing risk pathways adolescent pregnancy south africa qualitative hypothesising links among agedisparate relationships reduced condom use higher pregnancy rates known south african studies quantitatively explored pathways adolescent pregnancythis study aimed identify factors associated adolescent pregnancy ii explore pathway risk assessing whether condom use mediated relationship agedisparate sexual relationships adolescent pregnancya crosssectional survey 447 sexually active girls aged 1019 years undertaken six health districts south africa multivariate logistic regressions controlled confounders mediation tests used bootstrappingconsistent condom use 2148 odds ratio or8566 p0001 school enrolment 1600 or0202 p0001 associated lower pregnancy rates agedisparate sex 1093 or2982 p0001 longterm school absences 1402 or4061 p0001 associated higher pregnancy rates indirect effect agedisparate sex adolescent pregnancy condom use significant irrespective age age sexual initiation poverty residential environment b04466 sd01303 confidence interval 0232307428this survey supports hypotheses inability negotiate condom use agedisparate sexual relationships may drive adolescent pregnancy interventions addressing relationships facilitating condom use increasing access sexual health services among adolescents might avert unwanted pregnancies
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989x13493144
|
Francis Bajunirwe|Jessica Haberer|Yap Boum|Peter W. Hunt|Rain A. Mocello|Jeffrey N. Martin|David R. Bangsberg|Judith A. Hahn
|
Comparison of Self-Reported Alcohol Consumption to Phosphatidylethanol Measurement among HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Treatment in Southwestern Uganda
| 2,014 |
Mbarara University of Science and Technology|Harvard University|Epicentre Uganda|University of California, San Francisco|University of California, San Francisco|University of California, San Francisco|Harvard University|University of California, San Francisco
|
background alcohol consumption among hivinfected patients may accelerate hiv disease progression reduce antiretroviral therapy adherence selfreported alcohol use frequently underreported due social desirability recall bias aim study compare selfreported alcohol consumption phosphatidylethanol peth biomarker alcohol consumption estimate correlation multiple measures selfreported alcohol consumption peth methods uganda aids rural treatment outcomes uarto cohort located southwestern uganda follows patients art measure treatment outcomes patients complete standardized questionnaires quarterly including questions demographics health status alcohol consumption baseline dried blood spots dbs collected retrieved measure peth results one hundred fifty samples tested 56 373 peth positive 8 ngml 517 report alcohol use past month men likely underreport compared women 29 95 ci 126 665 higher economic asset categories less likely underreport compared lowest category 041 95 ci 017 094 among selfreported drinkers n 31 peth highly correlated total number drinking days last 30 spearman r 073 p0001 conclusions approximately half hiv infected patients initiating art consuming alcohol underreport use alcohol given high prevalence clinicians assess patients alcohol use attention males lower economic asset categories deny alcohol use among reporting current drinking selfreported drinking days useful quantitative measure
|
https://doi.org/10.30699/ijhehp.7.1.66
|
Emily W Paolillo|Assawin Gongvatana|Anya Umlauf|Scott Letendre|David J. Moore
|
At?Risk Alcohol Use is Associated with Antiretroviral Treatment Nonadherence Among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS
| 2,017 |
San Diego State University|University of California, San Diego|University of California, San Diego|University of California, San Diego|University of California, San Diego|University of California, San Diego
|
background alcohol use risk factor nonadherence antiretroviral therapy art among people living hivaids plwha however differences art adherence across levels alcohol use unclear study examined whether atrisk alcohol use defined national institute alcohol abuse alcoholism guidelines associated art nonadherence among plwha methods participants 535 hivinfected adults enrolled studies hiv neurobehavioral research program art nonadherence identified either selfreported missed dose plasma viral load detectability 50 copiesml potential covariates multivariable logistic regression included demographics depression substance use disorders results using stepwise model selection procedure found atrisk alcohol use 064 p 0032 low education 109 per 1 year increase education p 0009 significantly predict lower art adherence conclusions greater focus treatment atrisk alcohol use may improve art adherence among hivinfected persons
|
https://doi.org/10.29252/jhl.2.3.141
|
Lindsay C. Kobayashi|Justin M. Feldman
|
Employment trajectories in midlife and cognitive performance in later life: longitudinal study of older American men and women
| 2,018 |
Georgetown University Medical Center|Georgetown University|Harvard University|New York University
|
background although employed midlife positively associated cognitive function later life little known respect cumulative trajectories durations time spent different kinds work methods investigated relationships employment trajectory ages 31 years 50 years cognitive skills ages 5078 years among 2521 adults us panel study income dynamics 1968 2016 sequence analysis used identify prototypical employment trajectories capturing employment status high versus lower job skill level year age 31 years 50 years adjusted weighted logistic regression used estimate relationships employment trajectory performance four cognitive tests representing numerical reasoning verbal reasoning health literacy financial literacy doseresponse relationships duration highskill employment cognitive skills examined results seven prototypical employment trajectories identified common consistently lower skill employment 44 11052521 consistently highskill fluctuating skill trajectories associated high numerical reasoning scores or154 95 ci 099 240 or252 95 ci 139 458 respectively compared consistently lower skill employment doseresponse relationship duration highskill employment numerical reasoning or117 95 ci 106 128 plateauing approximately 4 years highskill employment conclusions sequence analysis exposure trajectories novel method life course epidemiology accounts exposure timing duration ordering results using method indicate duration may important timing highskill midlife employment laterlife numerical reasoning skills
|
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55050163
|
Jonah Musa|Chad J. Achenbach|Linda O’Dwyer|Charlesnika T. Evans|Megan McHugh|Lifang Hou|Melissa A. Simon|Robert L. Murphy|Neil Jordan
|
Effect of cervical cancer education and provider recommendation for screening on screening rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis
| 2,017 |
Northwestern University|Center for Global Health|University of Jos|Northwestern University|Center for Global Health|Northwestern University|Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Northwestern University|Center for Global Health|Northwestern University
|
background although cervical cancer largely preventable screening detection treatment precancerous abnormalities remains one top causes cancerrelated morbidity mortality globally objectives objective systematic review understand evidence effect cervical cancer education compared control conditions cervical cancer screening rates eligible women population risk cervical cancer also sought understand effect provider recommendations screening eligible women cervical cancer screening ccs rates compared control conditions eligible women population risk cervical cancer methods used pico problem population interventions comparison outcome framework described cochrane collaboration handbook develop search strategy details search strategy described systematic review protocol published international prospective register systematic reviews prospero protocol registration number crd42016045605 available httpwwwcrdyorkacukprosperodisplayrecordaspsrctripidcrd42016045605 search string used pubmed embase cochrane systematic reviews cochrane central register controlled trials retrieve study reports screened inclusion review data synthesis reporting guided preferred reporting items systematic reviews metaanalysis prisma qualitative synthesis evidence appropriate individual study effects pooled metaanalyses using revman 53 review manager higgins i2 used assess heterogeneity studies pooled together overall summary effects assessment risk bias individual studies included assessed risk publication bias across studies pooled together metaanalysis funnel plot results 3072 study reports screened 28 articles found eligible inclusion qualitative synthesis 5 included metaanalysis educational interventions 8 combined metaanalysis hpv selfsampling interventions 45 excluded various reasons use theorybased educational interventions significantly increased ccs rates double 246 95 ci 188 321 additionally offering women option selfsampling human papillomavirus hpv testing increased ccs rates nearly 2fold 171 95 ci 132 222 also found invitation letters alone follow phone contact making appointment sending reminders patients due overdue screening significant effect improving participation ccs rates populations risk conclusion findings supports implementation theorybased cervical cancer educational interventions increase womens participation cervical cancer screening programs particularly targeting communities low literacy levels additionally cervical cancer screening programs consider option offering women opportunity selfsample collection particularly women responded previous screening invitation reminder letters pap smear collection method screening
|
https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000190
|
Bogoan Kim|Aiping Xiong|Dongwon Lee|Kyungsik Han
|
A systematic review on fake news research through the lens of news creation and consumption: Research efforts, challenges, and future directions
| 2,021 |
Hanyang University|Pennsylvania State University|Pennsylvania State University|Hanyang University
|
background although fake news creation consumption mutually related changed one another review indicates significant amount research primarily focused news creation mitigate research gap present comprehensive survey fake news research conducted fields computer social sciences lens news creation consumption internal external factors methods collect 2277 fake newsrelated literature searching six primary publishers acm ieee arxiv apa elsevier wiley july september 2020 articles screened according specific inclusion criteria see fig 1 eligible literature categorized temporal trends fake news research examined results way acquire comprehensive understandings fake news identify effective countermeasures review suggests 1 developing computational model considers characteristics news consumption environments leveraging insights social science 2 understanding diversity news consumers mental models 3 increasing consumers awareness characteristics impacts fake news support transparent information access education conclusion discuss importance direction supporting ones digital media literacy various news generation consumption environments convergence computational social science research
|
https://doi.org/10.29252/jhl.2.3.164
|
Jamie Zoellner|Wen You|Carol Connell|Renae L. Smith-Ray|Kacie C. Allen|Katherine L. Tucker|Brenda M. Davy|Paul A. Estabrooks
|
Health Literacy Is Associated with Healthy Eating Index Scores and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake: Findings from the Rural Lower Mississippi Delta
| 2,011 |
Virginia Tech
|
background although health literacy public health priority area decade relationship health literacy dietary quality thoroughly explored objective evaluate health literacy skills relation healthy eating index hei scores sugarsweetened beverage ssb consumption accounting demographic variables design crosssectional survey participantssetting communitybased proportional sample adults residing rural lower mississippi delta methods instruments included validated 158item regional food frequency questionnaire newest vital sign scores range 0 6 assess health literacy statistical analyses performed descriptive statistics analysis variance multivariate linear regression results 376 participants majority african american 676 without college degree 715 household income level 20000year 550 participants 739 scored two lowest health literacy categories multivariate linear regression model predict total hei scores significant r2024 f188 p001 every 1point increase health literacy associated 121point increase hei scores controlling variables significant predictors hei scores included age sex supplemental nutrition assistance program participation health literacy also significantly predicted ssb consumption r2015 f63 p001 accounting demographic variables every 1 point health literacy scores associated 34 fewer kilocalories per day ssbs age significant covariate ssb model conclusions although health literacy linked numerous poor health outcomes knowledge first investigation establish relationship health literacy hei scores ssb consumption study suggests understanding causes consequences limited health literacy important factor promoting compliance dietary guidelines americans
|
https://doi.org/10.1310/hct1501-14
|
Rey P. Vivo|Selim R. Krim|Nassim R. Krim|Xin Zhao|Adrian F. Hernandez|Eric D. Peterson|Ileana L. Piña|Deepak L. Bhatt|Lee H. Schwamm|Gregg C. Fonarow
|
Care and Outcomes of Hispanic Patients Admitted With Heart Failure With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction
| 2,012 |
Montefiore Medical Center|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Montefiore Medical Center|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Montefiore Medical Center|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Montefiore Medical Center|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Montefiore Medical Center|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Montefiore Medical Center|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Montefiore Medical Center|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Montefiore Medical Center|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Montefiore Medical Center|Albert Einstein College of Medicine|Montefiore Medical Center|Albert Einstein College of Medicine
|
background although individuals hispanic ethnicity high risk developing heart failure hf little known differences hispanic hf patients stratified left ventricular ejection fraction ef compared characteristics quality care outcomes hispanic nonhispanic white patients hospitalized hf preserved ef pef reduced ef ref methods results 247 hospitals get guidelinesheart failure 20052010 6117 hispanics compared 71 859 nonhispanic whites fortysix percent hispanics pef ef gt40 whereas 54 ref ef lt40 55 45 nonhispanic whites pef ref respectively relative nonhispanic whites hispanics pef ref likely younger diabetes hypertension overweightobesity multivariate analysis lower mortality risk observed among hispanics pef odds ratio 050 95 confidence interval 031081 p 0005 hispanics ref odds ratio 094 95 confidence interval 062143 p 0784 compared nonhispanic whites groups composite performance improved within study period hispanics pef 752951 nonhispanic whites pef 790927 hispanics ref 677884 nonhispanic whites ref 608856 p lt00001 conclusions hispanic hf patients pef better inhospital survival nonhispanic whites pef inpatient mortality similar groups ref quality care similar improved time irrespective ethnicity highlighting potential benefit performance improvement programs promoting equitable care
|
https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.03280314
|
Nicola Reavley|Andrew Mackinnon|Amy J. Morgan|Mario Álvarez?Jiménez|Sarah Hetrick|Eóin Killackey|Barnaby Nelson|Rosemary Purcell|Michael Yap|Anthony F. Jorm
|
Quality of information sources about mental disorders: a comparison of Wikipedia with centrally controlled web and printed sources
| 2,011 |
Orygen Youth Health|University of Melbourne
|
background although mental health information internet often poor quality relatively little known quality websites wikipedia involve participatory information sharing aim paper explore quality usercontributed mental healthrelated information wikipedia compare centrally controlled information sources method content 10 mental healthrelated topics extracted 14 frequently accessed websites including wikipedia providing information depression schizophrenia encyclopaedia britannica psychiatry textbook content rated experts according following criteria accuracy uptodateness breadth coverage referencing readability results ratings varied significantly resources according topic across topics wikipedia highly rated domains except readability conclusions quality information depression schizophrenia wikipedia generally good better provided centrally controlled websites encyclopaedia britannica psychiatry textbook
|
https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.09650917
|
Peter N. Taylor|Onyebuchi Okosieme|Colin Dayan|John H. Lazarus
|
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Impact of iodine supplementation in mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency: systematic review and meta-analysis
| 2,014 |
Cardiff University|Cardiff University|Cardiff University|Cardiff University
|
background although detrimental effects severe iodine deficiency well recognised benefits correcting mildtomoderate iodine deficiency uncertain objectives undertook systematic review impact iodine supplementation populations mildtomoderate iodine deficiency methods searched medline cochrane library relevant articles published january 1966 april 2013 investigated effect iodine supplementation maternal newborn thyroid function infant neurodevelopment cognitive performance schoolage children quality studies graded eligible trials evaluated metaanalysis results nine randomised controlled trials rcts eight observational studies met inclusion criteria controlled trials infant neurodevelopment lacking gestational iodine supplementation reduced maternal thyroid volume serum thyroglobulin studies prevented rise serum thyroidstimulating hormone none intervention trials recorded excess frequency thyroid dysfunction contrast observational studies pooled analysis two rcts measured cognitive function schoolage children showed modest benefits iodine supplementation perceptual reasoning standardised mean difference smd 055 95 ci 005 104 p 003 global cognitive index smd 027 95 ci 010 044 p 0002 significant heterogeneity studies conclusion iodine supplementation improves maternal thyroid indices may benefit aspects cognitive function schoolage children even marginally iodinedeficient areas large prospective controlled studies urgently required clarify findings quantify riskbenefits iodine supplementation regions previously believed iodine sufficient uk
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110178
|
Adrienne M. Gilligan|Grant H. Skrepnek
|
Determinants of life expectancy in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
| 2,014 |
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center|University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
|
background although eastern mediterranean region emr healthcare sector expanding rapidly many differences exist across socioeconomic status clinical practice standards healthcare systems
|
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4266
|
Micha? Seweryn Karbownik|Robert Horne|Ewelina Paul|Edward Kowalczyk|Janusz Szemraj
|
Determinants of Knowledge About Dietary Supplements Among Polish Internet Users: Nationwide Cross-sectional Study
| 2,021 |
Medical University of Lodz|University College London|Medical University of Lodz|Lodz International Studies Academy|Medical University of Lodz|Medical University of Lodz
|
background accurate understanding dietary supplements ds prerequisite informed decisions regarding intake however need studies understanding among public based validated research tools objective study aims assess knowledge ds among polish internet users medical education identify determinants design appropriate predictive model methods study protocol prospectively registered statistical analysis plan polish users webbased health service social networking service administered survey consisting recently developed questionnaire knowledge ds questionnaire trust advertising ds beliefs medicines questionnaire several healthrelated singleitem measures sociodemographic questions results subjected general linear modeling results total 6273 participants included 17 yes questions questionnaire knowledge ds mean number correct responses 90 95 ci 8991 health service users performed worse social networking users 23 points 95 ci 2125 analysis adjusted potential confounders internet users fewer true beliefs ds presented higher trust advertising adjusted 37 95 ci 39 34 used ds adjusted 14 95 ci 17 12 experienced positive effect adjusted 16 95 ci 18 13 older younger 35 years adjusted 14 95 ci 17 12 expressed interest topic ds adjusted 10 95 ci 13 08 reported getting information products friends adjusted 13 95 ci 15 11 believed medicines harmful adjusted 12 95 ci 15 10 proposed 5predictor model could explain 312 variance knowledge ds model appeared resistant overfitting able forecast observed associations conclusions polish internet users medical education exhibit false beliefs regarding ds trusting advertising ds appears conflict knowledge urgent need effective webbased educational campaigns ds promotion advertising literacy proposed predictive model externally validated may help identify least informed target audience
|
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-4477
|
Neha Singh|James Smith|Sarindi Aryasinghe|Rajat Khosla|Lale Say|Karl Blanchet
|
Evaluating the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health services during humanitarian crises: A systematic review
| 2,018 |
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|World Health Organization|World Health Organization|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
|
background estimated 32 million women girls reproductive age living emergency situations require sexual reproductive health srh information services systematic review assessed effect srh interventions including minimum initial service package misp range health outcomes onset emergencies methods findings searched embase global health medline psychinfo databases january 1 1980 april 10 2017 review registered prospero database identifier number crd42017082102 found 29 studies meet inclusion criteria found high quality evidence support effectiveness specific srh interventions home visits peerled educational counselling training lowerlevel health care providers community health workers chws promote srh services threetiered network health workers providing reproductive maternal health services integration hiv srh services mens discussion groups reducing intimate partner violence found moderate quality evidence support transportbased referral systems communitybased srh education chw delivery injectable contraceptives wider literacy programmes birth preparedness interventions studies reported interventions related fistulae one study focused abortion services conclusions despite increased attention srh humanitarian crises sector made little progress advancing evidence base effectiveness srh interventions including misp crisis settings greater quantity quality timely research needed ascertain effectiveness delivering srh interventions variety humanitarian crises
|
https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.03290708
|
Kreshnik Hoti|Arianit Jakupi|Dardan Hetemi|Denis Raka|Jeffery Hughes|Shane P. Desselle
|
Provision of community pharmacy services during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross sectional study of community pharmacists’ experiences with preventative measures and sources of information
| 2,020 |
University of Prishtina|University of Prishtina|University of Prishtina|Curtin University|Touro University California
|
background infectious disease caused novel coronavirus later called covid19 reached pandemic levels 2020 community pharmacists involved responding pandemic also kosovo objectives explore experiences community pharmacists relation provision community pharmacy services covid19 pandemic setting community pharmacists kosovo methods crosssectional study data collected via selfadministered online questionnaire 264 pharmacists actively practicing kosovo pandemic questionnaire consisted combination closed openended questions optional statements statements fivepoint likert scale derived least part transtheoretical model oneway analysis variance used analyze differences responses likerttype items whereas categorical variables analyzed using chi square testing main outcome measures community pharmacists perceptions covid19 related preventative measures results response rate 406 achieved sufficient adequate covid19related preventative measures implemented majority pharmacies n 232 879 twothirds respondents agreedstrongly agreed pharmacies sufficiently prepared protective equipment personnel implementation preventative measures associated respondents perception pharmacists pharmacy profession valued patients pandemic lesser degree health professionals commonly stated pros dealt employee patient safety key cons dealt increased costs running necessary protective equipment key barriers pharmacy activities price increases wholesalers patients panic excessive buying whereas drivers dealt professional obligation assist opportunity prove inseparable health professionals popular means accessing covid19 related information pharmacists via mobile devices information professional organizations considered useful pharmacists conclusions community pharmacies actively implemented various measures precautions mitigate spread covid19 findings highlight value continuous provision information professional organizations use mobile devices key means access information pharmacists
|
https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.08121109
|
Karen Eden|Nancy Perrin|Ginger C. Hanson|Jill T. Messing|Tina Bloom|Jacquelyn C. Campbell|Andrea Carlson Gielen|Amber Clough|Jamie Barnes-Hoyt|Nancy Glass
|
Use of Online Safety Decision Aid by Abused Women
| 2,015 |
Oregon Health & Science University|Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research|Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research|Arizona State University|University of Missouri|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Center for Global Health
|
background internet safety decision aid developed help abused women understand risk repeat nearlethal intimate partner violence clarify priorities related safety develop action plan customized priorities purpose test effectiveness safety decision aid compared usual safety planning control delivered secure website using multistate rct design paper evaluates effectiveness safety decision aid reducing decisional conflict single use abused women design rct referred internet resource intervention safety iris settingparticipants abused women spoke english n708 enrolled fourstate rct intervention intervention interactive safety decision aid personalized safety plan control condition usual safety planning resources delivered participants secure study website main outcome measures paper compares womens decisional conflict safety total decisional conflict four subscales measure feeling uninformed uncertain unsupported unclear safety priorities interventioncontrol conditions data collected march 2011 may 2013 analyzed january march 2014 results immediately following first use interactive safety decision aid intervention women significantly lower total decisional conflict control women controlling baseline value decisional conflict p0002 effect size012 controlling baseline values safety decision aid group significantly greater reduction feeling uncertain p0006 effect size007 feeling unsupported p0008 effect size007 safety usual safety planning group conclusions abused women randomized safety decision aid reported less decisional conflict safety abusive intimate relationship one use compared women randomized usual safety planning condition internet safety decision aid developed help abused women understand risk repeat nearlethal intimate partner violence clarify priorities related safety develop action plan customized priorities test effectiveness safety decision aid compared usual safety planning control delivered secure website using multistate rct design paper evaluates effectiveness safety decision aid reducing decisional conflict single use abused women rct referred internet resource intervention safety iris abused women spoke english n708 enrolled fourstate rct intervention interactive safety decision aid personalized safety plan control condition usual safety planning resources delivered participants secure study website paper compares womens decisional conflict safety total decisional conflict four subscales measure feeling uninformed uncertain unsupported unclear safety priorities interventioncontrol conditions data collected march 2011 may 2013 analyzed january march 2014 immediately following first use interactive safety decision aid intervention women significantly lower total decisional conflict control women controlling baseline value decisional conflict p0002 effect size012 controlling baseline values safety decision aid group significantly greater reduction feeling uncertain p0006 effect size007 feeling unsupported p0008 effect size007 safety usual safety planning group abused women randomized safety decision aid reported less decisional conflict safety abusive intimate relationship one use compared women randomized usual safety planning condition
|
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0203
|
Robbin Bose|B Sivaprakash|Sukanto Sarkar|Abu Backer|Swarnavel Eswaran
|
An observational study to assess mental health literacy among undergraduate students from Tamil Nadu
| 2,020 |
Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University|Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute
|
background aim misbeliefs regarding mental illness cause concern needs better understanding dearth literature highlighting lack knowledge regarding basis mental illness among educated individuals therefore study designed gauge knowledge beliefs attitude regarding mental illness final year undergraduate students various courses tamil nadu aim study mental health literacy determinants among undergraduate college students materials methods questionnairebased observational study conducted 527 final year undergraduate students dental nursing engineering arts science courses module containing ten closeended questions used assess peoples knowledge regarding basis mental illness vignettebased mental health literacy scale used described case depression used evaluate participants knowledge beliefs attitude regarding mental illness analysis performed using chisquare test binary logistic regression model results association opinion regarding role antidepressant level contact statistically significant p 0001 course study significant predictor recognition p 0001 nursing course 17 times predictive value recognizing genetic cause perceived cause mental illness p 0001 odds ratio 17508 confidence interval 710643136 conclusion study tried evaluate knowledge beliefs attitude college students regarding mental illness help reduce increasing burden mental disorders shedding light significance mental health literacy toward curbing stigma associated however future research create awareness sensitization towards seeking medical help curing psychiatric problems needed
|
https://doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2007.01.060058
|
Benjamin Bailey|Joanne Arciuli
|
Subskills associated with spelling ability in children with and without autism spectrum disorders
| 2,018 |
University of Sydney|University of Sydney
|
background aims effective literacy instruction demands clear understanding subskills underpin childrens reading writing abilities previous research reading questioned whether subskills support literacy acquisition typically developing children children autism spectrum disorders study examined subskills associated spelling ability group 20 children asd aged 512 years asd group group 20 typically developing children matched age word spelling accuracy td group provided comparative data methods participants completed standardised assessments vocabulary phonological awareness letter knowledge word spelling errors produced response word spelling assessment analysed evidence phonological awareness addition spelling attempts analysed evidence phonological orthographic morphological awareness linguistic awareness using computerised spelling sensitivity system results correlation regression analyses showed statistically significant relationships phonological awareness word spelling accuracy children asd td groups spelling errors produced groups contained evidence phonological awareness analysis spelling attempts showed overall level linguistic awareness encoded children asd td groups significantly different conclusions findings provide evidence phonological awareness subskills support spelling children autism spectrum disorders typically developing children implications similar spelling profiles exhibited children autism spectrum disorders typically developing peers suggest populations may benefit literacy instruction targets underpinning subskills
|
https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.04580908
|
Jaclyn M. Dynia|Allison Bean|Laura M. Justice|Joan N. Kaderavek
|
Phonological awareness emergence in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder
| 2,019 |
The Ohio State University|The Ohio State University|The Ohio State University|University of Toledo
|
background aims phonological awareness begins develop preschool years primary factor underlying later reading abilities previous research found mixed results phonological awareness skills children autism spectrum disorders therefore purpose present study add understanding phonological awareness children autism spectrum disorder investigating residualized gains phonological awareness skills academic year methods total 125 preschool 4 5years old children including 27 children autism spectrum disorder 28 children language impairment 70 typically developing children focus present study participants current study represent subset participants larger study titled sit together read children completed direct assessments beginning fall end school year spring phonological awareness using test preschool early literacy results oneway anova compared phonological awareness skills tasks syllableonsetrime blendingelision receptiveexpressive fall spring three groups children autism spectrum disorder children language impairment children typically developing fall spring analyses found statistically significant tukey hsd indicated children autism spectrum disorder significantly lower scores tasks time points compared typically developing peers children autism spectrum disorder seem make gains phonological awareness tasks similarly typically developing peers phonological awareness tasks results final regression models indicated children autism spectrum disorder made gains similar typically developing peers phonological awareness tasks language skills predicted residualized gain syllable elision receptive tasks well total score controlling condition iq group status social skills significant predictor tasks conclusions three main findings emerged phonological awareness skills seem deficit children autism spectrum disorder b general autism status predict residualized gain phonological awareness skills c oral language significant predictor residualized gain phonological awareness skills implication early childhood educators focus providing highquality instruction phonological awareness children autism spectrum disorder researchers focus investigating effectiveness phonological awareness interventions children autism spectrum disorder
|
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55030080
|
Shaun Ziegenfusz|Jessica Paynter|Bev Flückiger|Marleen F. Westerveld
|
A systematic review of the academic achievement of primary and secondary school-aged students with developmental language disorder
| 2,022 |
Griffith University|Griffith University|Griffith University|Griffith University
|
background aims ability communicate fundamental skill required participate school students developmental language disorder dld persistent significant language difficulties impact daily functioning however impact dld academic achievement primary secondary schoolaged students received limited attention methods systematic review empirical research published 2008 2020 undertaken identify studies examined academic achievement schoolaged students dld within curriculum areas total 44 studies identified met inclusion criteria review results students dld demonstrated difficulties academic achievement across measured curriculum areas compared typically developing peers studies focused literacy skills including reading spelling writing narratives conclusions implications performance students dld heterogeneous individual students demonstrating relative strengths areas academic achievement implications results educational practices future research discussed
|
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090590
|
Jennifer McNeely|Simon Strauß|John Rotrosen|Arianne Ramautar|Marc N. Gourevitch
|
Validation of an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) version of the alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) in primary care patients
| 2,015 |
New York University|New York College of Health Professions|New York University|New York University|New York University
|
background aims address barriers implementing alcohol smoking substance involvement screening test assist medical settings adapted traditional intervieweradministered ia assist audioguided computer assisted selfinterview acasi format study sought validate acasi assist estimating concordance correlation agreement scores generated using acasi versus reference standard ia assist secondary aims assess feasibility compare assist selfreport drug testing results design participants completed acasi ia assist randomly assigned order followed drug testing setting urban safetynet primary care clinic new york city usa participants total 393 adult patients measurements scores generated acasi ia assist drug testing results saliva hair samples findings concordance acasi ia assist identifying moderatehighrisk use 9299 substance class correlation excellent global scores intraclass correlation icc 0937 confidence interval ci 09240948 substancespecific scores tobacco icc 0927 ci 09120940 alcohol icc 0912 ci 08930927 illicit drugs icc 0854 ci 08540900 good prescription drugs icc 0676 ci 06130729 ninetyfour per cent differences global scores fell within anticipated limits agreement among participants positive saliva test 74 selfreported use acasi assist acasi assist required median time 37 minutes range 07154 21 53 participants requested assistance conclusions computer selfadministered alcohol smoking substance involvement screening test appears valid alternative intervieweradministered approach identifying substance use primary care patients
|
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-1641
|
Jonathan Mond|Phillipa Hay|Bradley M. Rodgers|Cathy Owen
|
Mental health literacy and eating disorders: What do women with bulimic eating disorders think and know about bulimia nervosa and its treatment?
| 2,008 |
La Trobe University|Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals|Western Sydney University|Australian National University|Australian National University
|
background aims attitudes beliefs concerning eating disorder bulimia nervosa bn examined community sample women n 158 bntype eating disordersmethod vignette presented describing fictional person meeting diagnostic criteria bn participants gave opinions range issues concerning nature treatment problem describedresults participants believed bn would difficult treat relapse would likely initial treatment successful primary care practitioners psychologists counsellors close friends perceived helpful treatment bn vast majority participants lifestyle changes including taking vitamins minerals also highly regarded whereas participants ambivalent benefits psychiatrists antipathetic towards use prescription medication participants believed bn common among women community many occasionally often thought might bad problem low selfesteem considered likely cause bnconclusions beliefs attitudes likely conducive low inappropriate treatment seeking exist among women bntype eating disorders community poor mental health literacy therefore needs addressed early intervention programs disorders health professionals need aware patients belief systems potential effects treatmentseeking adherence treatment
|
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080433
|
Ann Clark|Anne O’Hare|Joanna Watson|Wendy Cohen|Hilary Cowie|R. A. Elton|Jamal Nasir|Jonathan R. Seckl
|
Severe receptive language disorder in childhood--familial aspects and long-term outcomes: results from a Scottish study
| 2,007 |
University of Edinburgh|Queen Margaret University|University of Edinburgh|University of Edinburgh|University of Edinburgh|University of Sheffield|The Queen's Medical Research Institute
|
background aims little known familial characteristics children severe receptive specific language impairment sli affected children likely longterm problems expressive sli date described small cohorts within sli populations therefore aimed describe clinical familial characteristics severe receptive sli defined rigorous phenotype establish whether nonword repetition showed relationship language impairment families methods crosssectional study children met icd10 f802 criteria receptive sli school entry siblings genetic parents standardised measures language nonverbal iq phonological auditory memory speech sound inventory results mean 6 years school entry severe receptive sli 58 participants normal mean standard deviation nonverbal iq 3 two attained language measures normal range one third still severe receptive language impairment one third siblings known affected language levels outside normal range phonological auditory memory impaired family members conclusion severe receptive sli nearly always associated equally severe reduction expressive language skills language impairment siblings may go undetected yet high risk family members weak phonological auditory memory skills suggesting could marker language acquisition difficulties receptive sli rarely resolves trials therapy urgently needed
|
https://doi.org/10.2147/amep.s397211
|
Dianne Swindells|Karen Stagnitti
|
Pretend play and parents’ view of social competence: The construct validity of the Child?Initiated Pretend Play Assessment
| 2,006 |
Deakin University|Sunraysia Institute of TAFE|Deakin University
|
background aims play primary means children develop skills socially interact children aim study investigate relationship pretend play social competence 45yearold typically developing children thereby adding knowledge construct validity childinitiated pretend play assessment chippa procedure pretend play ability 35 preschool children aged 45 years assessed using chippa parentguardians children interviewed regarding childs social competence using vineland socialemotional early childhood scales vineland seec scales main findings significant correlations found childrens play scores vineland seec scales scores significant negative relationship found cooperation sharing elaborate play scores suggesting children scored poorly play assessment rated cooperative parents principal conclusions parent report social competence cannot inferred play scores reasons negative significant finding put forward clinical implications findings discussed additional investigations necessary explore construct validity inferring social competence using chippa
|
https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.20343
|
Zaib Hussain|Mark D. Griffiths
|
Problematic Social Networking Site Use and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review of Recent Large-Scale Studies
| 2,018 |
University of Derby|Nottingham Trent University
|
background aims research shown potential association problematic social networking site sns use psychiatric disorders primary objective systematic review identify evaluate studies examining association problematic sns use comorbid psychiatric disorders sampling methods literature search conducted using following databases psychinfo psycarticles medline web science google scholar problematic sns use psnsu synonyms included search information extracted based problematic sns use psychiatric disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adhd obsessive compulsive disorder ocd depression anxiety stress inclusion criteria papers reviewed published since 2014 onwards ii published english iii populationbased studies sample sizes 500 participants iv specific criteria problematic sns use typically validated psychometric scales v containing empirical primary data reporting correlation psnsu psychiatric variables total nine studies met predetermined inclusion exclusion criteria results findings systematic review demonstrated research conducted europe comprised crosssectional survey designs eight nine studies problematic sns use correlated psychiatric disorder symptoms nine studies examined one psychiatric symptom positive association psnsu depression seven studies anxiety six studies stress two studies adhd one study ocd one study conclusions overall studies reviewed showed associations psnsu psychiatric disorder symptoms particularly adolescents associations found psnsu depression anxiety
|
https://doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2016.1256939
|
Diana MacLean|Jeffrey Heer
|
Identifying medical terms in patient-authored text: a crowdsourcing-based approach
| 2,013 |
Stanford University|Stanford University
|
background objective people increasingly engage online healthseeking behavior contribute healthoriented websites volume medical text authored patients medical novices grows rapidly however lack effective method automatically identifying medical terms patientauthored text pat demonstrate crowdsourcing pat medical term identification tasks nonexperts viable method creating large accuratelylabeled pat datasets moreover datasets used train classifiers outperform existing medical term identification tools materials methods evaluate viability using nonexpert crowds label pat compare expert registered nurses nonexpert amazon mechanical turk workers turkers responses pat medical term identification task next build crowdlabeled dataset comprising 10 000 sentences medhelp train two models dataset evaluate performance well metamap open biomedical annotator oba nactems termine two gold standard datasets one medhelp curetogether results aggregated according corroborative voting policy turker responses predict expert responses f1 score 84 conditional random field crf trained 10 000 crowdlabeled medhelp sentences achieves f1 score 78 curetogether gold standard widely outperforming oba 47 termine 43 metamap 39 failure analysis crf suggests misclassified terms likely either generic rare conclusions results show combining statistical models sensitive sentencelevel context crowdlabeled data scalable effective technique automatically identifying medical terms pat
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.113.003502
|
Kori B. Flower|Asheley Cockrell Skinner|H. Shonna Yin|Russell L. Rothman|Lee Sanders|Alan M. Delamater|Eliana M. Perrin
|
Satisfaction With Communication in Primary Care for Spanish-Speaking and English-Speaking Parents
| 2,017 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Duke University|Clinical Research Institute|Bellevue Hospital Center|New York University|Vanderbilt University Medical Center|Stanford University|University of Miami|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
|
background objective effective communication primary care physicians important yet incompletely understood spanishspeaking parents predicted lower satisfaction among spanishspeaking compared englishspeaking latino nonlatino parents methods crosssectional analysis 2month well visits within greenlight study 4 pediatric resident clinics parents reported satisfaction 14 physician communication items using validated communication assessment tool cat high satisfaction defined excellent cat item mean estimations compared satisfaction communication items among spanish englishspeaking latinos nonlatinos used generalized linear regression modeling adjusted parent age education income clinic site among spanishspeaking parents compared visits conducted spanish without interpreter english results compared englishspeaking latino n 127 nonlatino parents n 432 fewer spanishspeaking parents n 303 reported satisfaction 14 communication items significant differences found englishspeaking latinos nonlatinos greatest differences found use greeting made parent comfortable 594 spanishspeaking latinos endorsing excellent vs 775 englishspeaking latinos p 01 discussing followup 625 spanishspeaking latinos vs 798 englishspeaking latinos p 01 adjusting parent age education income study site spanishspeaking latinos still less likely report high satisfaction communication items satisfaction different among spanishspeaking parents physician spoke spanish versus used interpreter conclusions satisfaction physician communication associated language ethnicity spanishspeaking parents less frequently report satisfaction communication innovative solutions enhance communication quality needed
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.115.010418
|
Sijmen A. Reijneveld|J. Spijker|Henriëtte Dijkshoorn
|
Katz' ADL index assessed functional performance of Turkish, Moroccan, and Dutch elderly
| 2,007 |
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research|University Medical Center Groningen|University of Groningen|Public Health Service of Amsterdam|Public Health Service of Amsterdam
|
background objective examined reliability validity selfreported limitations encountered activities daily living adl measure functional performance turkish moroccan indigenous dutch elderly netherlands methods obtained data selfreported adl measured katz adl index five related health outcomes among general population sample 304 dutch 330 turkish 299 moroccan respondents aged 5574 years amsterdam netherlands response 60 results katz adl index demonstrated good internal consistencies ethnic group cronbachs alphas 084094 regarding validity adl index showed relatively strong associations related outcomes longterm limitations mobility sf36 physical functioning rank correlations 064 060 respectively associations general health outcomes number chronic disorders center epidemiologic studiesdepression scale symptoms sf36 role performance weaker expected associations stronger moroccans indigenous dutch elderly regarding sf36 outcomes depressive symptoms conclusion katz adl index valid assess functional performance turkish moroccan dutch elderly comparisons moroccan elderly handled caution explanation findings generalizability ethnic groups deserve study
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.117.019861
|
Rocío García?Retamero|Mirta Galeši?|Gerd Gigerenzer
|
Do Icon Arrays Help Reduce Denominator Neglect?
| 2,010 |
Max Planck Institute for Human Development|Universidad de Granada|Max Planck Institute for Human Development|Max Planck Institute for Human Development
|
background objective denominator neglect focus number times target event happened eg number treated nontreated patients die without considering overall number opportunities happen eg overall number treated nontreated patients 2 studies addressed effect denominator neglect problems involving treatment risk reduction samples treated nontreated patients relative risk reduction different sizes also tested whether using icon arrays helps people take different sample sizes account especially focused older adults often disadvantaged making decisions health design study 1 conducted laboratory sample using withinsubjects design study 2 conducted nonstudent sample interviewed web using betweensubjects design outcome measures accuracy understanding risk reduction results participants often paid much attention numerators insufficient attention denominators numerical information treatment risk reduction provided adding icon arrays numerical information however drew participants attention denominators helped make accurate assessments treatment risk reduction icon arrays equally helpful younger older adults conclusions building previous research showing problems understanding numerical information often reside mind representation problem results show icon arrays effective method eliminating denominator neglect
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.108.531293
|
Candace D. McNaughton|Kerri L. Cavanaugh|Sunil Kripalani|Russell L. Rothman|Kenneth A. Wallston
|
Validation of a Short, 3-Item Version of the Subjective Numeracy Scale
| 2,015 |
Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University
|
background objective efficiency scale design reduces respondent burden brief reliable measure numeracy may provide useful research tool eligible integration large epidemiological studies clinical trials goal validate 3item version subjective numeracy scale sns3 design setting examined 7 separate crosssectional data sets patients emergency department n 208 clinic n 205 hospital n 460 n 2053 patients chronic kidney disease n 147 diabetes n 318 hemodialysis n 143 measurements internal reliability sns3 assessed cronbachs criterion validity determined nonparametric correlations sns3 sns8 measures numeracy construct validity determined correlations measures health literacy education results sns3 good internal reliability median cronbachs 078 correlated highly full sns median 091 sns3 significantly correlated measures numeracy eg median 057 wide range achievement test 4 health literacy eg median 035 shortened test functional health literacy adults education median 041 providing good evidence criterion construct validity conclusion sns3 sufficiently reliable valid used measure subjective numeracy
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.110.581363
|
Helen Levy|Peter A. Ubel|Amanda J. Dillard|David R. Weir|Angela Fagerlin
|
Health Numeracy
| 2,013 |
Sanford Health|Duke University|Grand Valley State University|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Sanford Health|Duke University|Grand Valley State University|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Sanford Health|Duke University|Grand Valley State University|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Sanford Health|Duke University|Grand Valley State University|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Sanford Health|Duke University|Grand Valley State University
|
background objective existing research concludes measures general numeracy used predict individuals ability assess health risks posit domain questions posed affects ability perform mathematical tasks raising possibility separate construct health numeracy distinct general numeracy objective determine whether older adults ability perform simple math depends domain methods communitybased participants completed 4 math questions posed 3 different domains health domain financial domain pure math domain participants 962 individuals aged 55 older representative communitydwelling us population age 54 results found respondents performed significantly worse questions posed health domain 54 correct either pure math domain 66 correct financial domain 63 correct experimental measure numeracy consisted 4 questions possible apparent effect domain specific mathematical tasks questions require conclusions results suggest health numeracy strongly related general numeracy 2 constructs may research needed different aspects general numeracy health numeracy translate actual medical decisions
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.111.621029
|
null | null | 2,018 |
Khatam University|Islamic Azad University, Tehran|Khatam University
|
background objective disability children multiple negative impacts psychological social mothers study health literacy mothers children special needs impact health literacy quality life necessary aim study compare health literacy quality life three groups mothers including cerebral palsy autism intellectual impairments methods research method study expost design statistical society present study mothers special needs care referred rehabilitation centers west region tehran city 2016 samples research dividing three groups group 40 mothers participants 120 mothers selecting simple sampling method gathering data using health literacy questionnaire adults helia world health organization questionnaire quality life whoqol data analyzed anova spss software version 21 results results indicated three groups mothers significant difference health literacy subscales questionnaire p 005 conclusion findings revealed study health literacy impact quality life mothers therefore educational awareness programs seem urgent improving health literacy quality life three groups mothers considering health professionals paper type research article
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.109.549576
|
Mahnaz Khaleghi|Farkhondeh Amin Shokravi|Noshin Peyman
|
The Relationship Between Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life in Students
| 2,019 |
Tarbiat Modares University|Tarbiat Modares University|Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
|
background objective health literacy cognitive social skill determines peoples motivation ability acquire understand use health information promote maintain good health aim study determine health literacy relationship healthrelated quality life students islamic azad university shahrerey branch methods crosssectional correlational study health literacy quality life 278 students measured randomized multistage sampling method applied functional health literacy adults tofhla sf12short form sf36 used collect data data analysis spss 16 software descriptive statistics anova regression statistical tests used results findings showed average health literacy score 70351825 252 70 people inadequate health literacy 219 61 people border health literacy 529 147 people adequate health literacy mean score quality life students 3699580 323 n 9 4388 n61 5431 151 people poor moderate good qol respectively results study showed health literacy significant relationship overall quality life p005 physical p 005 psychological p 005 dimensions conclusion students health literacy associated quality life dimensions therefore order promote educational performance causes better quality life important concentrate improving qol people increasing health literacy
|
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.21540
|
Hossien Izadirad|Shamsoddin Niknami|Iraj Zareban|Alireza Hidarnia|Gholamreza Masoudy
|
Relationship between health literacy and prenatal care in young pregnant women
| 2,017 |
Tarbiat Modares University|Tarbiat Modares University|Zahedan University of Medical Sciences|Zahedan University of Medical Sciences|Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
|
background objective health literacy one determinant social pregnant womens health affects use services information prenatal care aim study determine relationship health literacy prenatal care young pregnant women methodsthis descriptive analytical study carried cross sectional 2016 research population consisted pregnant young women referring urban health centers balochistan 215 pregnant young women selected according stratified sampling basis questionnaires health literacy iranian adults helia prenatal care applied data collection data analyzed using descriptive statistics chi square test spss19 results mean age pregnant women 228 779 years mean score maternal health literacy 6769 1252 100 2166 studied women insufficient health literacy 2604 enough health literacy 3627 adequate health literacy 1581 high health literacy significant relationship health literacy taking iron tablet multivitamin folic acid diet brushing using dental floss p005 health literacy statistically significant walking p 086 conclusion significant relationship maternal health literacy prenatal care shows necessity attention maternal health literacy health promotion programs paper typeresearch article
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.115.010374
|
Muhammad Saqlain|Asad Riaz|Muhammad Naeem Malik|Salman Khan|Aziza Ahmed|Sohail Kamran|Hussain Ali
|
Medication Adherence and Its Association with Health Literacy and Performance in Activities of Daily Livings among Elderly Hypertensive Patients in Islamabad, Pakistan
| 2,019 |
Quaid-i-Azam University|Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences|Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences|Quaid-i-Azam University|Quaid-i-Azam University|Quaid-i-Azam University|Quaid-i-Azam University
|
background objective medication nonadherence preventable reason treatment failure poor blood pressure control among hypertensive patients geriatric population owing poor physical activity vulnerable strata objective study investigate medication adherence associated factors among pakistani geriatric hypertensive patients methods crosssectional surveybased study conducted outpatient department cardiac center may 2018 august 2018 universal sampling technique used approach patients 262 eligible consented patients interviewed collect information sociodemographics health diseaserelated characteristics using structured questionnaire morisky levine green test used assessment medication adherence barthel index single item literacy screener sils used measure performance activities daily living health literacy respectively chisquare tests multivariate binary logistic regression analysis performed find factors using spss version 20 results total 262 participants 389 n 102 scored 4 considered adherent 611 n 160 considered nonadherent logistic regression analysis selfreported moderate 3538 p 0009 good subjective health 4249 p 0008 adequate health literacy 3369 p lt 0001 independence performing activities daily living 2968 p 0002 found independent predictors medication adherence among older hypertensive patients conclusion medication adherence among older hypertensive population pakistan alarmingly low clearly requires patientcentered interventions overcome barriers educating importance adherence
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.109.573907
|
S. F.
|
A Psychometric Assessment of the Newest Vital Sign among Youth in Guatemala City
| 2,015 | null |
background objective psychometrically sound health literacy assessments widely available us adults youth however among international youth populations dearth reliable instruments study undertaken order assess psychometric viability using spanish version newest vital sign nvs previously validated us among sample youth living guatemala city methods analysis based 230 youth attending various schools within guatemala city guatemala rasch modeling used estimate item difficulty discrimination parameters item fit indices itemtotal correlations differential item functioning male female youth results majority items nvs exhibit acceptable properties last item demonstrated statistically significant dif practically important magnitude dif 043 suggesting females likely males answer item correctly controlling amount health literacy students possess conclusion using nvs among international spanishspeaking youth populations aware nvs appears appropriate use latin america females may tend slightly higher scores males additional psychometric testing instrument among similar crossnational samples youth needed
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.108.543272
|
Mahnaz Khodabandeh|Sadegh Maleki Avarasin|Leila Nikniaz
|
The Relationship between Health Literacy, Perceived Self-efficacy and Self-care Performance of Female Senior High School Students in Health Promoting Schools of Miyaneh, 2016-2017
| 2,017 | null |
background objective selfcare adolescents considered effective measure line promotion health community regard role health promoting schools great importance furthermore health literacy one basic tools promoting community health given much attention policymakers present study aimed investigate relationship health literacy perceived selfefficacy selfcare performance female senior high school students health promoting schools miyaneh 20162017 methodsin descriptivecorrelational study 320 female senior high school students selected randomly using multi stage cluster sampling method data collected using questionnaires health literacy measure adolescents helma general selfefficacy scale adolescent health promotion ahp scale data analyzed spss software version 21 using statistical tests pearson correlation coefficient multiple regression enter method results results showed positive significant relationship health literacy perceived selfefficacy selfcare performance female students health promoting schools well components health literacy selfcare components significant relationship found component health literacy calculation selfcare components nutrition responsibility health spiritual growth physical activity results regression analysis indicated dimensions selfefficacy use correlation health literacy good predictors selfcare performance r2 0605 moreover health literacy perceived selfefficacy predict selfcare performance students 51 percent conclusion results present study indicated student high levels health literacy perceived selfefficacy better selfcare performance therefore order improve selfcare performance students recommended health literacy selfefficacy improved schools paper typeresearch article
|
https://doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.22.2.213
|
José Castillo?Mancilla|Susan E. Cohn|Supriya Krishnan|Michelle Cespedes|Michelle Floris-Moore|G. Todd Schulte|Gregory Pavlov|Donna Mildvan|Kimberly Y. Smith
|
Minorities Remain Underrepresented in HIV/AIDS Research Despite Access to Clinical Trials
| 2,014 |
University of Colorado Denver|Northwestern University|Cancer Research And Biostatistics|New York University|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Social and Scientific Systems (United States)|Frontier Science & Technology Research Foundation|Mount Sinai Beth Israel|Rush University Medical Center
|
background objective reasons minority underrepresentation hivaids clinical trials remain unclear aimed evaluate knowledge experience factors influence minority participation hivaids studies united states methods anonymous bilingual selfadministered survey study participation given hivinfected adults attending aids clinical trials groupaffiliated clinics united states puerto rico chisquare tests used evaluate differences race first language level education logistic regression used estimate odds ratio 95 confidence interval ci factors associated talked participation study results analyzed 2175 complete surveys 221 spanish among respondents 31 white 40 blackafrican american aa 21 hispanic overall rate previous participation hivaids study 48 hispanics less likely know studies compared whites aas 67 vs 74 76 respectively p 001 compared whites aas hispanics less likely talked participating study 76 vs 67 67 respectively p 001 talked participating study 065 95 ci 052081 aas 065 95 ci 049085 hispanics compared whites aas hispanics likely state studies friendly race 17 10 vs 4 p 001 conclusions minorities continue face barriers hivaids trial participation even clinical research available enrollment strategies better target minorities improve recruitment hivaids research
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02107.x
|
Jennifer E. Flythe|Thomas W. Mangione|Steven M. Brunelli|Gary C. Curhan
|
Patient-Stated Preferences Regarding Volume-Related Risk Mitigation Strategies for Hemodialysis
| 2,014 |
Metabolism and Renal Physiology|Harvard University|John Snow (United States)|DaVita Clinical Research (United States)|Metabolism and Renal Physiology|Harvard University|Metabolism and Renal Physiology|Brigham and Women's Hospital
|
background objectives larger weight gain higher ultrafiltration rates associated poorer outcomes among patients dialysis dietary restrictions reduce fluidrelated risk however adherence challenging alternative fluid mitigation strategies include treatment time extension frequent dialysis adjunct peritoneal dialysis wearable ultrafiltration devices data regarding patient preferences fluid management exist survey designed tested administered assess patientstated preferences regarding fluid mitigation design setting participants measurements written survey concerning fluidrelated symptoms patient treatment characteristics fluid management preferences developed crosssectional survey completed 600 patients hemodialysis 18 geographically diverse ambulatory facilities comparisons patient willingness engage volume mitigation strategies across fluid symptom burden dietary restriction experience patient characteristics performed results final analyses included 588 surveys overall allowed liberalize fluid intake 446 patients willing extend treatment time 15 minutes willingness extend treatment time incrementally less longer treatment extensions 122 patients willing add fourth weekly treatment session 135 patients willing participate nocturnal dialysis three nights per week patients bothered fluid restrictions versus less bothered willing engage fluid mitigation strategies demographic characteristics symptoms cramping dyspnea consistently associated willingness engage proposed strategies 25 patients unsure dry weights typical interdialytic weight gains conclusions patients generally averse treatment time extension15 minutes patients bothered versus less bothered prescribed fluid restrictions willing engage volume mitigation strategies additional study patientstated preferences hemodialysis treatment practices needed guide patient care identify deficiencies patient treatment diseaserelated knowledge
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000534
|
Kerry Chen|Madeleine Didsbury|Anita van Zwieten|Martin Howell|Siah Kim|Allison Tong|Kirsten Howard|Natasha Nassar|Belinda Barton|Sun?ica Lah|Jennifer Lorenzo|Giovanni Strippoli|Suetonia C. Palmer|Armando Teixeira?Pinto|Fiona Mackie|Steven McTaggart|Amanda Walker|Tonya Kara|Jonathan C. Craig|Germaine Wong
|
Neurocognitive and Educational Outcomes in Children and Adolescents with CKD
| 2,018 |
Children's Hospital at Westmead|University of Sydney
|
background objectives poor cognition affect educational attainment extent neurocognitive impairment children ckd well understood systematic review assessed global domainspecific cognition academic skills children ckd whether outcomes varied ckd stage design setting participants amp measurements electronic databases searched observational studies children ckd ages 21 years old younger assessed neurocognitive educational outcomes risk bias assessed using modified newcastleottawa scale used random effects models expressed estimates mean differences 95 confidence intervals stratified ckd stage results thirtyfour studies 25 crosssectional n 2095 nine cohort n 991 included overall risk bias high selection measurement biases global cognition fullscale intelligence quotient children ckd classified low average compared general population mean differences 95 confidence intervals fullscale intelligence quotient 105 95 confidence interval 132 772 ckd stages n 758 939 95 confidence interval 126 618 mild moderate stage ckd n 582 162 95 confidence interval 332 086 dialysis n 23 112 95 confidence interval 178 450 transplant n 153 direct comparisons showed children mild moderate stage ckd kidney transplants scored 112 95 confidence interval 298 194 101 95 confidence interval 181 220 fullscale intelligence quotient points higher children dialysis children ckd also lower scores general population executive function memory verbal visual domains compared children without ckd mean differences academic skills n 518 ranged 157 122 mathematics 904 017 reading 142 253 spelling conclusions children ckd may lowaverage cognition compared general population mild deficits observed across academic skills executive function visual verbal memory limited evidence suggests children dialysis may greatest risk compared children mild moderate stage ckd transplant recipients
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2007.04.008
|
Jessica Y. Lee|Kimon Divaris|Darren A. DeWalt|A. Diane Baker|Ziya Gizlice|R. Gary Rozier|William F. Vann
|
Caregivers’ Health Literacy and Gaps in Children’s Medicaid Enrollment: Findings from the Carolina Oral Health Literacy Study
| 2,014 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
|
background objectives recent evidence supports link caregivers health literacy childrens health use health services disruptions childrens health insurance coverage linked poor health care outcomes examined young childrens medicaid enrollment patterns wellcharacterized cohort childcaregivers dyads investigated association caregivers low health literacy incidence enrollment gaps methods relied upon medicaid enrollment data 1208 children mean age 19 months enrolled carolina oral health literacy project 200809 median followup 25 months health literacy measured using newest vital sign nvs analyses relied descriptive bivariate multivariate methods based poisson modeling findings onethird children experienced one enrollment gaps short duration median 5 months risk gaps inversely associated caregivers age 2 relative risk decrease added year low health literacy associated modestly elevated risk increase incidence rate ratio irr 117 95 confidence interval ci 088157 enrollment disruptions however estimate substantially elevated among caregivers less high school education irr 152 95 ci 099235 homogeneity p02 conclusions findings provide initial support possible role caregivers health literacy determinant childrens medicaid enrollment gaps although association health literacy enrollment gaps confirmed statistically found markedly stronger among caregivers low educational attainment population well young caregivers may vulnerable negative effects low health literacy
|
https://doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0b013e31820598d4
|
Louisa Gibson|Melanie Porter
|
Drinking or Smoking While Breastfeeding and Later Cognition in Children
| 2,018 |
Macquarie University|Macquarie University
|
background objectives although prenatal alcohol nicotine exposure associated reduced cognition children associations consumption alcohol lactation cognition examined aimed examine whether drinking smoking breastfeeding lowers childrens cognitive scores hypothesized increased drinking smoking would associated dosedependent cognitive reductions methods data sourced growing australia longitudinal study australian children participants 5107 australian infants recruited 2004 assessed every 2 years multivariable linear regression analyses assessed relationships drinking smoking habits breastfeeding mothers childrens matrix reasoning peabody picture vocabulary testthird edition scores later waves results increased riskier wave 1 maternal alcohol consumption associated reductions matrix reasoning scores age 6 7 years children breastfed b 011 se 003 95 confidence interval 018 004 p 01 relationship evident infants never breastfed b 002 se 010 95 confidence interval 020 017 p 87 smoking lactation associated outcome variable conclusions exposing infants alcohol breastmilk may cause dosedependent reductions cognitive abilities reduction observed age 6 7 years sustained age 10 11 years although relationship small may clinically significant mothers consume alcohol regularly binge drink analyses assess relationships alcohol consumption tobacco smoking lactation academic developmental physical behavioral outcomes children
|
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2021.0105
|
Bergen B. Nelson|Rebecca Dudovitz|Tumaini R. Coker|Elizabeth S. Barnert|Christopher Biely|Ning Li|Peter G. Szilâgyi|Kandyce Larson|Neal Halfon|Frederick J. Zimmerman|Paul J. Chung
|
Predictors of Poor School Readiness in Children Without Developmental Delay at Age 2
| 2,016 |
Mattel Children's Hospital|University of California, Los Angeles|Mattel Children's Hospital|University of California, Los Angeles|Mattel Children's Hospital|University of California, Los Angeles|RAND Corporation|Mattel Children's Hospital|University of California, Los Angeles|Mattel Children's Hospital|University of California, Los Angeles|University of California, Los Angeles|Mattel Children's Hospital|University of California, Los Angeles|American Academy of Pediatrics|Mattel Children's Hospital|University of California, Los Angeles|University of California, Los Angeles|Mattel Children's Hospital|University of California, Los Angeles|RAND Corporation
|
background objectives current recommendations emphasize developmental screening surveillance identify developmental delays dds referral early intervention ei services many young children without dds however high risk poor developmental behavioral outcomes school entry ineligible ei developed models 2yearolds without dd predict kindergarten entry poor academic performance high problem behaviors methods data early childhood longitudinal study birth cohort eclsb used study analytic sample excluded children likely eligible ei dds low birth weight dependent variables included low academic scores high problem behaviors kindergarten wave regression models developed using candidate predictors feasibly obtainable typical 2year wellchild visits models crossvalidated internally randomly selected subsamples results approximately 24 2yearold children ineligible ei 2 years age still poor academic behavioral outcomes school entry prediction models contain 9 variables almost entirely parental social economic four variables associated academic behavioral risk parental education bachelors degree littleno shared reading home food insecurity fairpoor parental health areas receiveroperating characteristic curve 076 academic risk 071 behavioral risk adding mental scale score bayley short formresearch edition improve areas receiveroperating characteristic curve either model conclusions among children ineligible ei services small set clinically available variables age 2 years predicted academic behavioral outcomes school entry
|
https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31826a4b02
|
Vanessa Grubbs|Steven E. Gregorich|Eliseo J. Pérez?Stable|Chi-yuan Hsu
|
Health Literacy and Access to Kidney Transplantation
| 2,009 |
University of California, San Francisco|University of California, San Francisco|University of California, San Francisco|University of California, San Francisco
|
background objectives studies examined health literacy patients end stage kidney disease hypothesized inadequate health literacy hemodialysis population common associated poorer access kidney transplant waitlists design setting participants measurements enrolled 62 black white maintenance hemodialysis patients aged 18 75 measured health literacy using short form test functional health literacy adults primary outcomes 1 time dialysis start date referral date kidney transplant evaluation 2 time referral date date placed kidney transplant waitlist used cox proportional hazard models examine association health literacy adequate versus inadequate outcomes controlling demographics comorbid conditions results roughly one third 323 participants inadequate health literacy fortyseven 758 participants referred transplant evaluation among referred 40 851 waitlisted participants inadequate health literacy 78 lower hazard referral transplant evaluation adequate health literacy adjusted hazard ratio ahr 022 95 confidence interval 008 060 p 0003 hazard ratio waitlisted health literacy statistically different ahr 080 95 ci 039 161 p 05 conclusions inadequate health literacy common hemodialysis patient population associated lower hazard referral transplant evaluation strategies reduce impact health literacy kidney transplant process explored
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22711
|
Khaled Abdel-Kader|Mary Amanda Dew|Mamta Bhatnagar|Christos Argyropoulos|Irina Karpov|Galen E. Switzer|Mark L. Unruh
|
Numeracy Skills in CKD
| 2,010 |
Renal Association|University of Pittsburgh|GTx (United States)|University of Pittsburgh|Renal Association|University of Pittsburgh|Renal Association
|
background objectives healthcare providers communicate risks benefits treatments using frequencies percentages proportions however many patients lack numerical skills needed interpret information accurately make informed choices design setting participants measurements assessed numeracy capacity use comprehend numbers prospective cohort study 187 patients stage 4 5 chronic kidney disease esrd patients completed threeitem numeracy test assessed global mental status cognitive function type hemodialysis access kidney transplant use examined association numeracy healthcare use cognitive sociodemographic variables results 50 patients answered one fewer numeracy questions correctly although african americans p 00001 women p 005 unemployed p 00004 demonstrated lower numeracy skills numeracy deficits prevalent every subgroup analyses adjusted demographics length followup higher numeracy significantly associated receipt transplant active waiting list status numeracy associated dialysis modality hemodialysis vascular access conclusion similar prior findings general population findings indicate poor numeracy skills common patients advanced chronic kidney disease endstage renal disease additional research needed explore whether poor numeracy barrier receipt kidney transplant clinicians caring patients kidney disease consider using tools enhance communication overcome limited numeracy skills
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/15872
|
Monika K. Goyal|Tiffani J. Johnson|James M. Chamberlain|T. Charles Casper|Timothy Simmons|Evaline A. Alessandrini|Lalit Bajaj|Robert W. Grundmeier|Jeffrey S. Gerber|Scott A. Lorch|Elizabeth R. Alpern
|
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Antibiotic Use for Viral Illness in Emergency Departments
| 2,017 |
Children's National|University of Pennsylvania|Children's National|University of Utah|University of Utah|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|University of Colorado System|University of Colorado Boulder|University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania
|
background objectives primary care setting racial ethnic differences antibiotic prescribing acute respiratory tract infections artis viral artis commonly diagnosed pediatric emergency department ped racial ethnic differences antibiotic prescribing previously reported sought investigate whether patient race ethnicity associated differences antibiotic prescribing viral artis ped methods retrospective cohort study encounters 7 peds 2013 used electronic health data pediatric emergency care applied research network registry multivariable logistic regression used examine association patient race ethnicity antibiotics administered prescribed among children discharged hospital viral arti children bacterial codiagnoses chronic disease immunocompromised excluded covariates included age sex insurance triage level provider type emergency department type emergency department site results 39 445 ped encounters viral artis met inclusion criteria 26 95 confidence interval ci 2428 received antibiotics including 43 nonhispanic nh white 19 nh black 26 hispanic 29 nh children multivariable analyses nh black adjusted odds ratio aor 044 ci 036053 hispanic aor 065 ci 053081 nh aor 068 ci 052087 children remained less likely receive antibiotics viral artis conclusions compared nh white children nh black hispanic children less likely receive antibiotics viral artis ped future research seek understand racial ethnic differences overprescribing exist including parental expectations provider perceptions parental expectations implicit provider bias
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151079
|
Leslie P. Francis|Barry D. Weiss|Janet H. Senf|Kim Heist|R. B. Hargraves
|
Does Literacy Education Improve Symptoms of Depression and Self-efficacy in Individuals with Low Literacy and Depressive Symptoms? A Preliminary Investigation
| 2,007 |
University of Arizona|HealthPartners|University of Arizona|HealthPartners|University of Arizona|HealthPartners|University of Arizona|HealthPartners|University of Arizona|HealthPartners
|
background objectives individuals low literacy symptoms depression greater improvement depression symptoms treatment includes education enhance literacy skillsthe reason literacy enhancement helps depression symptoms unknown hypothesize might due improved selfefficacywe studied whether providing literacy education individuals depression symptoms limited literacy might improve selfefficacymethods studied 39 individuals enrolled adult literacy program testing patient health questionnaire phq9 symptoms depressionwhile participated literacy program monitored selfefficacy using general self efficacy gse scale also monitored severity depression symptoms phq9changes gse phq9 scores baseline assessed wilcoxon signed ranks testresults thirtyone 795 subjects participated 1 yearthere significant increase selfefficacy p 019and significant decrease depression symptoms p 002 conclusionthe results preliminary study suggest among persons low literacy symptoms depression depression symptoms lessen selfefficacy scores improve participation adult basic literacy education
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003781
|
Kerri L. Cavanaugh|Rebecca L. Wingard|Raymond M. Hakim|Tom A. Elasy|T. Alp ?kizler
|
Patient Dialysis Knowledge Is Associated with Permanent Arteriovenous Access Use in Chronic Hemodialysis
| 2,009 |
Vanderbilt University Medical Center|Vanderbilt University Medical Center|Fresenius Medical Care (United States)|Vanderbilt University Medical Center|Fresenius Medical Care (United States)|Vanderbilt University Medical Center|Fresenius Medical Care (United States)|Vanderbilt University Medical Center|Fresenius Medical Care (United States)
|
background objectives patient knowledge chronic hemodialysis chd important effective selfmanagement behaviors little known association vascular access use design setting participants measurements prospective cohort adult incident chd patients may 2002 november 2005 followed 6 mo initiation hemodialysis hd patient knowledge measured using chronic hemodialysis knowledge survey cheks primary outcome dialysis access type baseline 3 mo 6 mo hd initiation secondary outcomes included anemia nutritional mineral laboratory measures results 490 patients median interquartile range cheks score 0 100 6552 78 lower scores associated older age fewer years education nonwhite race patients cheks scores 20 percentage points higher likely use arteriovenous fistula graft compared catheter hd initiation 6 mo adjustment age sex race education diabetes mellitus statistically significant associations found knowledge laboratory outcome measures except moderate association serum albumin potential limitations include residual confounding underpowered study determine associations clinical measures conclusions patients less dialysis knowledge may less likely use arteriovenous access dialysis initiation starting hemodialysis additional studies needed explore impact patient dialysis knowledge improvement educational interventions vascular access hemodialysis
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/19928
|
Dušanka Krajnovi?|Stana Ubavi?|Nataša Bogavac?Stanojevi?
|
Pharmacotherapy Literacy and Parental Practice in Use of Over-the-Counter Pediatric Medicines
| 2,019 |
University of Belgrade|Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services|University of Belgrade
|
background objectives pharmaceutical literacy skills parents crucial appropriate safe medication use preschool children ages 17 years recent study pharmacotherapy literacy serbia showed one five parents difficulty understanding common information use medicines antipyretics considered frequently used group overthecounter otc medications preschool period aimed examine parental practice expectations antipyretic medication use ii analyze associations parental practice expectations related socioeconomic status pharmacotherapy literacy materials methods crosssectional survey using self report validated specific instrument conducted parents preschool children kindergartens belgrade serbia pharmacotherapy literacy refers knowledge personal skills needed meet complex demands medicine use healthcare nonhealthcare settings comprehensive literature review expertfocus group consultation pretesting employed 4item multiplechoice test development explore practice expectations related use otc pediatric antipyretic medicines results final analytical cohort comprised 813 participants majority 633 chose medicine based physicians suggestion 154 parents reported would follow advice pharmacist half parents 541 would need advice antipyretic medicine pharmacist firstly simpler language parents satisfied information given pharmacist higher pharmacotherapy literacy compared parents lower levels or0718 95ci 05970865 p 0001 men higher expectation pharmacists explain medicine use simpler language or1630 95ci 10632501 p 0025 well parents three children or2527 95ci 1434459 p 0001 parents higher knowledge medicine use less likely ask simpler information or0707 95ci 05830856 p 0001 conclusions main finding practice antipyretic otc medicine use associated levels parental pharmacotherapy literacy expectations pharmacists higher among parents lower levels pharmacotherapy literacy expected information simpler precise language study highlighted need pharmacists identify risks parental practice provide information medicines parents preschool children simpler appropriate way
|
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.46556
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.