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Dušanka Krajnovi?|Stana Ubavi?|Nataša Bogavac?Stanojevi?
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Pharmacotherapy Literacy of Parents in the Rural and Urban Areas of Serbia—Are There Any Differences?
| 2,019 |
University of Belgrade|Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services|University of Belgrade
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background objectives pharmacotherapy literacy phtl individuals capacity obtain evaluate calculate comprehend basic information pharmacotherapy pharmacyrelated services necessary make appropriate medicationrelated decisions regardless mode content delivery eg written oral visual images symbols already proven low phtl parents cause serious problems treatment pediatric population aimed identify differences parental phtl levels sociodemographic healthrelated characteristics chronic disease child breastfeeding child annual visits pediatrician parentalselfestimation health status rural urban areas investigate influence living rural areas low phtl level materials methods study crosssectional validated 14item instrument parental pharmacotherapy literacy questionnaireserbian assessed overall phtl three domains knowledge understanding numerical skills necessary safe use medicines analyzed 250 parents preschool children 17 years old rural areas 182 parents urban areas serbia results every tenth parent rural every fourth parent urban areas highest phtl level 85 correct answers however 51 28 parents rural urban areas respectively low phtl level less 65 correct answers 21 n 432 332 p 0001 parents different areas statistically differed age education level employment breastfeeding annual visits pediatrician rate rural areas almost twice probability low phtl levels ora 2033 p 0003 urban counterparts independently examined parental characteristics conclusions parents rural areas difficulties obtain evaluate calculate comprehend basic information related pharmacotherapy parents urban areas
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https://doi.org/10.2196/25779
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John Hutton|Jonathan Dudley|Guixia Huang|Tzipi Horowitz?Kraus|Thomas G. DeWitt|Richard F. Ittenbach|Scott K. Holland
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Validation of <i>The Reading House</i> and Association With Cortical Thickness
| 2,021 |
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|University of Cincinnati|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|Technion – Israel Institute of Technology|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|University of Cincinnati|Medpace (United States)
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background objectives american academy pediatrics recommends literacy school readiness promotion well visits reading house trh childrens bookbased screener emergent literacy skills preschoolaged children vocabulary rhyming rapid naming core emergent skills reading abilities associated thicker cortex left hemisphere objective expand validity trh relative skills explore association cortical thickness methods healthy preschoolaged children completed mri including t1weighted anatomic scan mri trh assessments rapid naming comprehensive test phonological processing second edition rhyming prereading inventory phonological awareness vocabulary expressive vocabulary test second edition emergent literacy get ready read administered analyses included spearman correlations raccounting age sex socioeconomic status ses mri analyses involved wholebrain measures cortical thickness relative trh scores accounting covariates results seventy children completed assessments 3663 months old 36 female 52 completed mri 3763 months 29 female trh scores positively correlated comprehensive test phonological processing second edition r 061 expressive vocabulary test second edition r 054 get ready read r 087 prereading inventory phonological awareness scores r 064 p amplt 001 correlations remained statistically significant across age sex ses groups trh scores correlated greater thickness leftsided language visual cortex pfamilywise error amplt05 similar higher ses yet bilateral frontal low ses reflecting less mature pattern pfamilywise error amplt10 conclusions findings expand validation evidence trh screening tool preschoolaged children including associations emergent skills cortical thickness suggest important differences related ses
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-015-4489-1
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Abdul Razak Doat|Reza Negarandeh|Marzieh Hasanpour
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Disclosure of HIV Status to Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
| 2,019 |
Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Iranshahr University|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Iranshahr University|Tehran University of Medical Sciences|Iranshahr University
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background objectives study aimed assess level hiv disclosure children subsaharan africa relates prevalence disclosure barriers merits demerits timing disclosure factors promote parents caregivers decisions disclose information materials methods systematic literature search performed using following online databases pubmed google scholar web science scopus embase obtain relevant articles hiv disclosure children subsaharan africa following search terms used hiv disclosure subsaharan africa children results total 18 articles included systematic review studies hiv status disclosure children subsaharan africa included total 1343 hivpositive children 1879 caregiverchild healthcare workerchild dyads following countries ethiopia south africa ghana kenya cote divoire burundi cameroon democratic republic congo uganda burkina faso zambia prevalence hiv disclosure ranged low 9 72 age major factor associated disclosure conclusions hiv status disclosure children quite low subsaharan africa result multiple factors parentscaregivers fear child disclosing status others lack knowledge disclosure made assertion children young cannot withstand psychological impact diagnosis
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https://doi.org/10.2196/14826
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Jalysa King|Jennifer Taylor
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Integration of Case-Based Dialogue to Enhance Medical Students’ Understanding of Using Health Communication to Address Social Determinants of Health
| 2,023 |
Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis|Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
|
background objectives evergrowing diversity within communities imperative integrate social determinants health sdoh racial disparity economic instability lack transportation intimate partner violence limited social supports importance health literacy undergraduate medical education incorporating evidencebased curriculum disproportionality within healthcare faced racial ethnic minorities opportunity develop culturally sensitive providers purpose study assess impact casebased debrief experience medical students knowledge social determinants health impact health healthcare within family medicine clinical setting intent practice underserved community methods utilized retrospective pairedsample test analysis program data 640 thirdyear medical students engaged family medicine clerkship july 2020 april 2022 inclusion study students must engaged casebased exercise corresponding small group debrief around impact social determinants health patient care results found statistically significant improvement students reported knowledge sdoh well confidence intent work care individuals diverse cultural socioeconomic backgrounds conclusion medical students must knowledge selfefficacy understand social determinants health impact health healthcare within family medicine clinical setting result integrating active learning strategies casebase debrief experience students may robust medical education experience keywords social determinants health problembased learning vulnerable populations education medical patient care letter editor published article
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https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20156
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Wenjing Tao|Max Petzold|Birger C. Forsberg
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Routine vaccination coverage in low- and middle-income countries: further arguments for accelerating support to child vaccination services
| 2,013 |
Karolinska Institutet|University of Gothenburg|Karolinska Institutet
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background objectivethe expanded programme immunization introduced world health organization countries 1970s currently effective public health intervention still accessible study evaluates change routine vaccination coverage time based survey data compares estimations united nations childrens fund unicef designdata vaccination coverage children less 5 years age extracted demographic health surveys dhs conducted 71 low middleincome countries 19862009 overall trends vaccination coverage tuberculosis diphtheria tetanus pertussis polio measles analysed compared unicef estimatesresultsfrom 1986 2009 annual average increase vaccination coverage studied diseases ranged 153 196 units according dhs data vaccination coverage diphtheria tetanus pertussis polio measles 80 2009 nonsignificant differences coverage found dhs data unicef estimatesconclusionsthe coverage routine vaccinations low middleincome countries may lower previously reported hence important maintain increase current vaccination levels
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https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2019.1646821
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Martin Vesterby|Preben Ulrich Pedersen|Malene Laursen|Sigurd Mikkelsen|Jens Rolighed Larsen|Kjeld Søballe|Lene Bastrup Jørgensen
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Telemedicine support shortens length of stay after fast-track hip replacement
| 2,016 |
Aarhus University|Aalborg University|Regionshospitalet Silkeborg|Regionshospitalet Silkeborg|Regionshospitalet Silkeborg|Aarhus University|Aarhus University Hospital|Aarhus University|Regionshospitalet Silkeborg|Aarhus University
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background purpose telemedicine could allow patients discharged quickly surgery contribute improve fasttrack procedures without compromising quality patient safety functionality anxiety patientperceived parameters investigated whether using telemedicine support tms would permit hospital discharge 1 day without loss selfassessed quality life loss functionality increased anxiety increased rates readmission increased rates complications hip replacement patients methods performed randomized controlled trial involving 72 danish patients 1 region referred elective fasttrack total hip replacement august 2009 march 2011 654 screened eligibility half patients received telemedicine solution connected tv patients followed 1 year surgery results length stay reduced 21 days 95 ci 2023 11 day ci 0914 p 0001 tms intervention healthrelated quality life increased groups statistically significant differences groups also statistically significant differences groups regarding timed upandgo test oxford hip score 3month followup 12month followup rates complications readmissions similar groups number postoperative hospital contacts lower tms group interpretation length postoperative stay shortened patients tms solution without compromising patientperceived clinical parameters patients undergoing elective fasttrack surgery results indicate telemedicine value fasttrack treatment patients undergoing total hip replacement
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https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01094.x
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Bernadette Boden?Albala|Dorothy Farrar Edwards|Stephanie Lynn St. Clair|Jeffrey J. Wing|Stephen Fernandez|M. Chris Gibbons|Amie W. Hsia|Lewis B. Morgenstern|Chelsea S. Kidwell
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Methodology for a Community-Based Stroke Preparedness Intervention
| 2,014 |
Georgetown University Medical Center|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Georgetown University|New York University|Georgetown University Medical Center|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Georgetown University|New York University|Georgetown University Medical Center|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Georgetown University|New York University|Georgetown University Medical Center|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Georgetown University|New York University|Georgetown University Medical Center|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Georgetown University|New York University|Georgetown University Medical Center|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Georgetown University|New York University|Georgetown University Medical Center|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Georgetown University|New York University|Georgetown University Medical Center|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Georgetown University|New York University|Georgetown University Medical Center|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Georgetown University|New York University
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background purpose acute stroke education focused stroke symptom recognition lack education stroke preparedness appropriate actions may prevent people seeking immediate care interventions rigorously evaluated preparedness strategies multiethnic community settings methods acute stroke program interventions addressing racial ethnic disparities aspire project multilevel program using communityengaged approach stroke preparedness targeted underserved black communities district columbia intervention aimed decrease acute stroke presentation times increase intravenous tissuetype plasminogen activator utilization acute ischemic stroke results phase 1 included 1 enhancement focus emergency medical services acute stroke 2 hospital collaborations implement enrich acute stroke protocols transition district columbia hospitals toward primary stroke center certification 3 preintervention acute stroke patient data collection 7 acute care district columbia hospitals community advisory committee focus groups surveys identified perceptions barriers emergency stroke care phase 2 included pilot intervention subsequent citywide intervention rollout total 531 community interventions conducted reaching gt10 256 participants 3289 intervention evaluations performed 19 000 preparedness bracelets 14 000 stroke warning magnets distributed phase 3 included evaluation emergency medical services hospital processes acute stroke care yearlong postintervention acute stroke data collection period assess changes intravenous tissuetype plasminogen utilization conclusions report methods feasibility preintervention data collection efforts aspire intervention clinical trial registration url httpwwwclinicaltrialsgov unique identifier nct00724555
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232236
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Suvarna Alladi|Thomas H. Bak|Shailaja Mekala|Amulya Rajan|Jaydip Ray Chaudhuri|Eneida Mioshi|Rajesh Krovvidi|Bapiraju Surampudi|Vasanta Duggirala|Subhash Kaul
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Impact of Bilingualism on Cognitive Outcome After Stroke
| 2,016 |
Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Cambridge|University of Edinburgh|Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad|Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Cambridge|University of Edinburgh|Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad|Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Cambridge|University of Edinburgh|Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad|Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Cambridge|University of Edinburgh|Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad|Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Cambridge|University of Edinburgh|Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad|Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Cambridge|University of Edinburgh|Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad|Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Cambridge|University of Edinburgh|Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad|Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Cambridge|University of Edinburgh|Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad|Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Cambridge|University of Edinburgh|Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad|Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences|University of Cambridge|University of Edinburgh|Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad
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background purpose bilingualism associated slower cognitive aging later onset dementia study aimed determine whether bilingualism also influences cognitive outcome stroke methods examined 608 patients ischemic stroke large stroke registry studied role bilingualism predicting poststroke cognitive impairment absence dementia results larger proportion bilinguals normal cognition compared monolinguals 405 versus 196 p lt00001 whereas reverse noted patients cognitive impairment including vascular dementia vascular mild cognitive impairment monolinguals 777 versus bilinguals 490 p lt00009 differences frequency aphasia monolinguals 118 versus bilinguals 105 p 0354 bilingualism found independent predictor poststroke cognitive impairment conclusions results suggest bilingualism leads better cognitive outcome stroke possibly enhancing cognitive reserve
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https://doi.org/10.2196/19076
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Olajide Williams|Ellyn Leighton Herrmann Quinn|Jeanne Teresi|Joseph P. Eimicke|Jian Kong|Gbenga Ogedegbe|James M. Noble
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Improving Community Stroke Preparedness in the HHS (Hip-Hop Stroke) Randomized Clinical Trial
| 2,018 |
Hebrew Home|Columbia University Irving Medical Center|Hebrew Home|Columbia University Irving Medical Center|Hebrew Home|Columbia University Irving Medical Center|Hebrew Home|Columbia University Irving Medical Center|Hebrew Home|Columbia University Irving Medical Center|Hebrew Home|Columbia University Irving Medical Center|Hebrew Home|Columbia University Irving Medical Center
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background purpose deficiencies stroke preparedness cause major delays stroke thrombolysis particularly among economically disadvantaged minorities evaluated effectiveness stroke preparedness intervention delivered preadolescent urban public school children stroke knowledgepreparedness parents methods recruited 3070 fourth sixth graders 1144 parents 22 schools cluster randomized trial schools randomized hhs hiphop stroke intervention attentional control nutrition classes hhs 3hour culturally tailored theorybased multimedia stroke literacy intervention targeting school children systematically empowers children share stroke information parents main outcome measures stroke knowledgepreparedness children parents using validated surrogates results among children estimated 1 95 confidence interval ci 01 controls 2 95 ci 14 p 009 intervention group demonstrated optimal stroke preparedness perfect scores knowledgepreparedness test baseline increasing 57 95 ci 4469 immediately program intervention group compared 1 95 ci 01 p lt0001 among controls 3month followup 24 95 ci 1533 intervention group retained optimal preparedness compared 2 95 ci 03 p lt0001 controls 3 95 ci 24 parents intervention group could identify 4 letters stroke fast facial droop arm weakness speech disturbance time call 911 acronym baseline increasing 20 immediate posttest 95 ci 1624 17 3month delayed posttest 95 ci 1321 p 00062 significant changes 3 identification among controls four children intervention group called 911 reallife stroke symptoms 1 case overruling parents waitandsee approach conclusions hhs effective intergenerational model increasing stroke preparedness among economically disadvantaged minorities clinical trial registration url httpsclinicaltrialsgov unique identifier nct01497886
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12451
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Sapna E. Sridharan|Janardhanan P. Unnikrishnan|Sajith Sukumaran|PN Sylaja|S. Dinesh Nayak|P. Sankara Sarma|Kurupath Radhakrishnan
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Incidence, Types, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Stroke in a Developing Country
| 2,009 |
Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology|Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology|Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology|Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology|Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology|Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology|Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology
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background purpose despite increasing burden stroke developing countries populationbased data rare trivandrum stroke registry intend assess incidence types risk factors outcome stroke among urban rural dwellers south indian community methods ascertained firstever strokes occurring among 741 000 urban 185 000 rural inhabitants trivandrum kerala addition steps 1 2 world health organization steps stroke manual used multiple supplementary methods maximize ascertainment nonfatal nonhospitalized fatal stroke events community results 6month period 541 strokes registered 431 urban 110 rural communities stroke occurred median age 67 years 38 patients aged 40 years adjusted annual incidence rates per 100 000 135 95 confidence interval 123 146 total 135 122148 urban 138 112164 rural populations 748 663 832 101 70 132 42 22 61 ischemic stroke intracerebral hemorrhage subarachnoid hemorrhage respectively stroke undetermined type rural community one modifiable risk factors identified 90 patients rural male patients smoked tobacco 28th day case fatality rate 245 urban 371 rural populations p 0011 conclusions similarities differences developing developed countries epidemiology stroke compared urban stroke patients rural ones less likely optimally investigated treated
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005340
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Tanvir Chowdhury Turin|Yoshihiro Kokubo|Yoshitaka Murakami|Aya Higashiyama|Nahid Rumana|Makoto Watanabe|T. Okamura
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Lifetime Risk of Stroke in Japan
| 2,010 |
Shiga University of Medical Science|Shiga University of Medical Science|Shiga University of Medical Science|Shiga University of Medical Science|Shiga University of Medical Science|Shiga University of Medical Science|Shiga University of Medical Science
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background purpose lifetime risk ltr epidemiologic measure expresses probability disease remaining lifetime index age ltr stroke reported japanese population methods included participants suita study cardiovascular diseasefree baseline age years used time scale agespecific stroke incidence allcause mortality calculated personyear method estimated sex index agespecific ltrs firstever stroke subtypes taking account competing risk death results followed 5498 participants 1989 2005 total 67 475 personyears age 55 years ltr stroke accounting competing risks death 183 men 196 women ltr cerebral infarction 146 men 155 women ltr intracerebral hemorrhage 24 men 14 women index age 55 years ltr stroke remained similar across index ages 45 55 65 years conclusions observed probabilities illustrate 1 5 men women middle age experience stroke remaining lifetime easy understandable information used important index assist public health education planning
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https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60993-9
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Olajide Williams|Alexandra DeSorbo|James M. Noble|William Gerin
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Child-Mediated Stroke Communication
| 2,012 |
Harlem Hospital Center|New York Hospital Queens|Columbia University Irving Medical Center|NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital|Harlem Hospital Center|New York Hospital Queens|Columbia University Irving Medical Center|NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital|Harlem Hospital Center|New York Hospital Queens|Columbia University Irving Medical Center|NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital|Harlem Hospital Center|New York Hospital Queens|Columbia University Irving Medical Center|NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital
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background purpose low thrombolysis rates acute ischemic stroke linked delays seeking immediate treatment due low public stroke awareness aimed assess whether childmediated stroke communication could improve stroke literacy parents children enrolled schoolbased stroke literacy program called hip hop stroke methods parents children aged 9 12 years 2 public schools harlem new york city recruited participate stroke literacy questionnaires childs participation hip hop stroke novel childmediated stroke communication intervention delivered school auditoriums parental recall stroke information communicated child assessed 1week intervention results fifth sixth grade students n182 enrolled hip hop stroke one hundred two parents approached person participate 75 opted participate 71 completed pretest posttest 74 response rate 95 retention rate parental stroke literacy improved program program 3 parents 75 39 able identify 5 cardinal stroke symptoms distracting symptom chest pains urgent action plan calling 911 compared 21 71 parents 296 postintervention p lt0001 fast mnemonic known 2 27 participants program versus 29 41 program completion p lt0001 conclusions knowledge stroke signs symptoms remains low among residents highrisk population use childmediated stroke communication suggests school children aged 9 12 years may effective conduits critical stroke knowledge parents
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020330
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Mandip S. Dhamoon|Yumin Moon|Myunghee Cho Paik|Bernadette Boden?Albala|Tatjana Rundek|Ralph L. Sacco|Mitchell S.V. Elkind
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Long-Term Functional Recovery After First Ischemic Stroke
| 2,009 |
Columbia University|University of Miami|The Neurological Institute|Columbia University|University of Miami|The Neurological Institute|Columbia University|University of Miami|The Neurological Institute|Columbia University|University of Miami|The Neurological Institute|Columbia University|University of Miami|The Neurological Institute|Columbia University|University of Miami|The Neurological Institute|Columbia University|University of Miami|The Neurological Institute
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background purpose several factors predict functional status stroke studies included hospitalized patients limited followup hypothesized patients ischemic stroke experience functional decline 5 years independent recurrent stroke risk factors methods populationbased northern manhattan study patients 40 years age incident ischemic stroke prospectively followed using barthel index 6 months annually 5 years baseline stroke severity categorized mild national institutes health stroke scale lt6 moderate 6 13 severe 14 followup censored death recurrent stroke myocardial infarction generalized estimating equations provided ors 95 cis predictors favorable barthel index 95 versus unfavorable barthel index lt95 functional status adjusting demographic medical risk factors results 525 patients mean age 686124 years 455 male 547 hispanic 547 medicaidno insurance 351 moderate stroke proportion barthel index 95 declined time 091 95 ci 084 099 changes barthel index insurance status confirmed significant interaction term interaction0167 p 0034 medicaidno insurance declined 084 p 0003 whereas medicareprivate insurance 099 p 092 conclusions proportion patients functional independence stroke declines annually 5 years effects greatest medicaid health insurance decline independent age stroke severity predictors functional decline occurs even among without recurrent stroke myocardial infarction
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https://doi.org/10.1097/tp.0000000000000165
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Mihaela Corina Radu|Loredana Sabina Cornelia Manolescu|R?zvan Daniel Chivu|Corneliu Zaharia|Calin Boeru|Melania Elena Pop-Tudose|Andrei Necsulescu|Marina Ruxandra O?elea
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Pregnancy in Teenage Romanian Mothers
| 2,022 |
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy|Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy|Institute of Virology|Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy|Emergency University|Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
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background purpose teenage pregnancy associated increased risk adverse pregnancy outcomes objective research determine profile pregnant teenager medical complications associated pregnancy young age materials methods crosssectional study based 29item questionnaire conducted 2019 2020 ploieti romania participants divided two groups namely group consisting 100 minor teenage childbearing women age 18 group b consisting 100 childbearing women 18 years age results group mean age 1656 165 percentage births young girls 1315 years group 28 65 adolescents sexual intercourse began age 14 pregnancy monitoring expressed number medical examinations shows significant differences studied groups short assessment health literacy sahl test applied groups revealed low level health literacy group also group teenagers gave birth lowbirthweight children percentage statistically significant 14 vs 4 gestational age group average 3688 213 weeks compared gestational age control group 3841 157 weeks romania teenagers became mothers early age educational programs rural urban schools communities poverty leads inadequate medical supervision significant consequences health mother child lack education school dropout illiteracy inability find job midwife play key role rural communities health education conducted specific communication channels different forms presentation messages adapted needs good target would parents adolescent mothers better communication
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2009.02.007
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Fred Stephen Sarfo|Mulugeta Gebregziabher|Bruce Ovbiagele|Rufus Akinyemi|Lukman Owolabi|Reginald Obiako|Onoja Akpa|Kevin Armstrong|Albert Akpalu|Sheila Adamu|Vida Obese|Nana Boa-Antwi|Lambert Appiah|Oyedunni Arulogun|Yaw Mensah|Abiodun M. Adeoye|Aridegbe O. Tosin|Osimhiarherhuo Adeleye|Eric Tabi-Ajayi|Phillip Oluleke Ibinaiye|A Sani|Suleiman Yahaya Isah|Nasir Abdulkadir Tabari|Aliyu Mande|Atinuke Agunloye|Godwin Ogbole|Joshua Akinyemi|Ruth Laryea|Sylvia Melikam|Ezinne Uvere|Gregory Adekunle|Salaam Kehinde|Paschal Azuh|Abdul Dambatta|Naser A. Ishaq|Raelle Saulson|Donna K. Arnett|Hemnant Tiwari|Carolyn Jenkins|Dan Lackland|Mayowa Owolabi
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Multilingual Validation of the Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status in West Africa
| 2,016 |
Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital|Federal Medical Centre|Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital|Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital
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background purpose questionnaire verifying strokefree status qvsfs method verifying strokefree status participants clinical epidemiological genetic studies validated lowincome settings populations limited knowledge stroke symptoms aimed validate qvsfs 3 languages yoruba hausa akan ascertainment strokefree status control subjects enrolled ongoing stroke epidemiological study west africa methods data collected using crosssectional study design 384 participants consecutively recruited neurology general medicine clinics 5 tertiary referral hospitals nigeria ghana ascertainment stroke status neurologists using structured neurological examination review case records neuroimaging gold standard relative performance qvsfs without pictures stroke symptoms pictograms assessed using sensitivity specificity positive predictive value negative predictive value results overall median age study participants 54 years 484 males 165 stroke cases identified gold standard 98 determined stroke whereas 219 without stroke 87 determined strokefree qvsfs negative predictive value qvsfs across 3 languages 097 range 093100 sensitivity specificity positive predictive value 098 082 080 respectively agreement questionnaire without pictogram excellentstrong cohen k092 conclusions qvsfs valid tool verifying strokefree status across culturally diverse populations west africa
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https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.066845
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James F. Meschia|Peter Merrill|Elsayed Z. Soliman|Virginia J. Howard|Kevin Barrett|Neil A. Zakai|Dawn Kleindorfer|Monika M. Safford|George Howard
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Racial Disparities in Awareness and Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
| 2,010 |
University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Vermont|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|University of Cincinnati|Wake Forest University|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Vermont|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|University of Cincinnati|Wake Forest University|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Vermont|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|University of Cincinnati|Wake Forest University|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Vermont|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|University of Cincinnati|Wake Forest University|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Vermont|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|University of Cincinnati|Wake Forest University|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Vermont|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|University of Cincinnati|Wake Forest University|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Vermont|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|University of Cincinnati|Wake Forest University|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Vermont|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|University of Cincinnati|Wake Forest University|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Vermont|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|University of Cincinnati|Wake Forest University
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background purpose warfarin reduces stroke risk approximately 60 patients atrial fibrillation af differences awareness treatment af may contribute racial geographic disparities stroke mortality objective examine predictors awareness diagnosis af treatment warfarin methods asons g eographic nd r acial ifferences troke regards national populationbased longitudinal study 30 239 blacks whites 45 years old oversampling blacks southeastern stroke belt states participants enrolled january 2003 october 2007 data collected using telephone interview inhome evaluation selfadministered questionnaires main variable awareness af defined positive answer doctor health professional ever told atrial fibrillation whether evidence treatment basis inhome medications inventory results baseline electrocardiograms 432 individuals 88 black 344 white af 88 360 409 least 1 additional chads 2 stroke risk factor 60 258 432 aware af odds blacks aware af one third whites or032 95 ci 020 052 among aware odds blacks treated warfarin one fourth great whites or028 013 060 conclusion blacks less likely whites aware af treated warfarin potential reasons racial disparity warfarin treatment warrant investigation
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https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.111.964791
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Jennifer L. Dearborn|Louise D. McCullough
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Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Risk Factors in Women at High Risk for Stroke
| 2,009 |
Hartford Hospital|University of Connecticut Health Center|Hartford Hospital|University of Connecticut Health Center
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background purpose women face higher mortality stroke different risk factors men despite educational campaigns women continue underestimate risk stroke present theoretical model understand risk perception highrisk women methods eight hundred five women ages 50 70 years selected university connecticut cardiology center least one risk factor stroke 5part questionnaire addressed stroke knowledge risk perception risk factors access health care demographics two hundred fifteen women responded mail 28 response rate deidentified data entered spss descriptive bivariate multivariate techniques assessed proposed model results cohort predominantly white 915 higher income 331 population earned gt75 000 welleducated 286 attended graduate professional school 2 37 54 women atrial fibrillation 11 71 women heart disease 155 identified health condition risk factor stroke predictors risk perception included womens risk b0336 p lt0001 worrying stroke b0734 p lt0001 hypertension b0686 p 0037 diabetes b0893 p 0004 639 women atrial fibrillation n23 reported taking warfarin conclusions women often unable identify health condition risk factor stroke addition many women undertaking primary prevention behaviors risk perception low highrisk women perceived risk stroke peers educational strategies must advocate target highrisk women
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234198
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Carol S. Stilley|Lauren Terhorst|William B. Flynn|Roberta M. Fiore|Erin D. Stimer
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Medication Health Literacy Measure: Development and Psychometric Properties
| 2,014 |
University of Pittsburgh
|
background purpose low levels health literacy prevalent worldwide report details development psychometric properties health literacy measure oral medications based design newest vital sign methods measure completed baseline interview principal components analysis evaluated dimensionality measure cronbachs alpha assessed subscale internal consistencies results internal consistencies reliability subscales acceptable new instrument 661 686 400 3factor structure explained 6534 total variance divergent validity rapid estimate adult literacy medicine realm established conclusions data indicates medication health literacy tool multidimensional valid reliable information important light emerging evidence impact health literacy medication adherence health
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12412
|
Paul Wicks|Jeana Frost
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ALS patients request more information about cognitive symptoms
| 2,008 |
PatientsLikeMe (United States)|PatientsLikeMe (United States)
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background purpose thought impact voluntary motor function alsmotor neuron disease mnd seen multisystem disorder minority patients experience mild cognitive dysfunction frontotemporal dementia despite clinical guidelines advocating supplying complete information patients educational materials als often state mind unaffected sought establish much patients caregivers understand als told expect physician would appreciated complete information methods twopart survey administered online als quiz gauged participants knowledge physical psychological aspects als second questionnaire assessed symptoms patients discussed clinician explored patients desire receive information psychological effects results total 247 als patients 87 caregivers participated participants knew less psychological symptoms physical ones 72 correct responses versus 82 paired 333 504 p lt 0001 patients commonly reported told doctor physical symptoms problems walking 85 stiffnesscramps 74 psychological issues like emotional lability 46 cognitive change 11 majority patients 62 carers 71 indicated desire informed cognitive change dementia might occur conclusion als multisystem disorder however despite desire information patients carers healthcare professionals continue primarily address physical consequences disease
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https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32421
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Mercedes R. Carnethon|Jia Pu|George Howard|Michelle A. Albert|Cheryl A.M. Anderson|Alain G. Bertoni|Mahasin S. Mujahid|Latha Palaniappan|Herman A. Taylor|Monte S. Willis|Clyde W. Yancy
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Cardiovascular Health in African Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
| 2,017 | null |
background purpose populationwide reductions cardiovascular disease incidence mortality shared equally african americans burden cardiovascular disease african american community remains high primary cause disparities life expectancy african americans whites objectives present scientific statement describe cardiovascular health african americans highlight unique considerations disease prevention management method primary sources information identified pubmedmedline online sources centers disease control prevention results higher prevalence traditional cardiovascular risk factors eg hypertension diabetes mellitus obesity atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk underlies relatively earlier age onset cardiovascular diseases among african americans hypertension particular highly prevalent among african americans contributes directly notable disparities stroke heart failure peripheral artery disease among african americans despite availability effective pharmacotherapies indications tailored pharmacotherapies african americans eg heart failure medications disease management less effective among african americans yielding higher mortality explanations persistent disparities cardiovascular disease multifactorial span individual level social environment conclusions strategies needed promote equity cardiovascular health african americans require input broad set stakeholders including clinicians researchers across multiple disciplines
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https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2014.63
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Krishna Pada Das|Mainak Banerjee|Gobinda Mondal|Lucy Devi|Om Prakash Singh|Bijoy Mukherjee
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Evaluation of socio-economic factors causing discontinuation of epilepsy treatment resulting in seizure recurrence: A study in an urban epilepsy clinic in India
| 2,007 |
Burdwan Medical College & Hospital|Burdwan Medical College & Hospital|Burdwan Medical College & Hospital|Burdwan Medical College & Hospital|Burdwan Medical College & Hospital|Burdwan Medical College & Hospital
|
background purposethe prevalence rate epilepsy india ranges 415 703 per 1000 population developing countries major problems epilepsy lying treatment gap discontinuation treatment due various adverse socioeconomic factors objective study evaluate rate discontinuation epilepsy treatment related socioeconomic factors responsible discontinuationmaterial methodsamong 1450 patients epilepsy recurrently followed intervals 2 months 05 january 06 january 620 patients discontinued treatment among 887 patient breakthrough seizures two occasions socioeconomic factors respect treatment evaluated followup period visavis income expenditure unemployment status negative attitude towards medical treatment nonavailability drugs locally comorbid psychiatric illnesses polytherapy socialillusional thoughts epilepsyresultsdiscontinuation epilepsy treatment detected 4275 n 620 total patients resulting recurrence seizures reasons discontinuation multiple cases discontinued group average annual cost treatment income rs 5500 110 rs 12800 256 respectively amounting 40 total income expended cost treatment continued group annual cost treatment income rs 4500 90 rs 24400 580 respectively amounting 18 total income p 0001 cost treatment among discontinued group 90 patients reported cost factors 2909 due unemployment 20 frustration despair 2009 due nonavailability medicines locally 1727 spiritual illusional thoughts epilepsy 10 marital disharmony causes discontinuation treatment discontinued group 10 got polytherapy 903 continued group p 001 comorbid psychiatric illnesses observed 454 325 continued group p 010conclusionthe study showed significant number patients 4275 discontinued epilepsy treatment within 1 year due poor knowledge regarding problem discontinuation cost income disparity unemployment spiritual illusional thoughts epilepsy frustration mental impairment lack uniform availability drugs local market tide shortcomings uniform availability cheaper antiepileptic drugs adequate information communication regarding disease upliftment socioeconomic status ensured
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.025023
|
Aleda M.H. Chen|Karen S. Yehle|Kimberly S. Plake|Matthew M. Murawski|Holly L. Mason
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Health Literacy and Self-care of Patients With Heart Failure
| 2,011 |
Purdue University West Lafayette|Dean College|Institute on Aging|National Institute on Aging|Purdue University West Lafayette|Dean College|Institute on Aging|National Institute on Aging|Purdue University West Lafayette|Dean College|Institute on Aging|National Institute on Aging|Purdue University West Lafayette|Dean College|Institute on Aging|National Institute on Aging|Purdue University West Lafayette|Dean College|Institute on Aging|National Institute on Aging
|
background research objective todays complex healthcare system relies heavily sophisticated selfcare regimens navigate system follow selfcare protocols patients must able understand use health information requires health literacy however nearly 90 million americans lack necessary health literacy skills adequately care face complex healthcare system selfcare regimens understanding effectively care ones self thought improve heart failure symptoms patient outcomes little actually known health literacy influences selfcare patients heart failure purpose pilot study examine relationship health literacy selfcare patients heart failure subjects methods patients diagnosis heart failure recruited variety community settings participants completed shortform test functional health literacy measured health literacy selfcare index heart failure measured selfcare maintenance management confidence demographic questionnaire spearman correlations used assess strength relationship health literacy level selfcare scores results conclusions among 49 participants recruited health literacy positively related selfcare maintenance rs 0357 p 006 health literacy negative relationship selfcare management rs 0573 p 001 association health literacy selfcare confidence rs 0201 p 083 project provides preliminary data regarding association health literacy selfcare heart failure showing support higher healthliterate patients performing selfcare maintenance shown improve patient outcomes heart failure patients higher health literacy trended toward greater selfcare confidence increase likelihood performing selfcare finding statistically significant unexpected find lower healthliterate patients performed selfcare management
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12009
|
Sinan U?ra?|Ahmet Enes Sa??n|Ömer Karabulut|Gökmen Özen
|
The relationship between college athletes' health literacy and COVID-19 anxiety levels
| 2,021 |
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi|Inonu University|Piri Reis University|Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi
|
background study aim health literacy ability access health information understand evaluate apply health information health literacy athletes may determinant understanding covid19 pandemic process level impact healthrelated anxiety factor therefore aim study examine whether relationship college athletes covid19 anxiety levels health literacy levels covid19 pandemic material methods college athletes ages 18 32 participated study average age 242 total 234 elite collage athletes participated study 133 participants males 101 females covid19 anxiety scale used determine covid19 anxiety states health literacy index used level health literacy participants covid19 pandemic process pearson correlation analysis stepwise regression analysis performed statistical analyses significance level analysis accepted p lt 05 results findings revealed significant relationships elite athletes health literacy subdimension scores covidanxiety level addition determined access information understanding information subdimensions health literacy subdimensions predicted elite college athletes covid19 anxiety level 212 result elite college athletes low levels anxiety covid19 situation associated high level health literacy conclusions increase elite college athletes level health literacy decrease anxiety levels beneficial implement training programs increase health literacy levels order reduce impact unexpected health crisis due covid19 especially anxiety levels college athletes
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003015
|
Elisabeth Hollister Sandberg|Ritu Sharma|Warren S. Sandberg
|
Deficits in Retention for Verbally Presented Medical Information
| 2,012 |
Suffolk University|Vanderbilt University|Tufts University|Behavioral Health Services|FrontLine Service|Vanderbilt University Medical Center
|
background anesthesiologists deliver large quantities verbal information patients preoperative teaching basic principles cognitive psychology dictate much information likely forgotten exactly much type information retained recalled remains open question methods institutional review board approval 98 healthy educated volunteers viewed brief video containing preoperative explanation anesthetic options instructions subjects asked engage free cued recall information video complete recognition task developed coding scheme objectively score free cued recall tasks quantity information recalled relative quantity presented video data presented descriptive statistics results subjects spontaneously recalled less 25 information presented providing retrieval cues greatly enhanced recall subjects recalled 67 average material queried cued recall task performance even stronger multiplechoice test 83 items correctly answered indicating information initially encoded category information consistently leastremembered presurgical medication instructions conclusions realistic conditions recall medical instruction given patients recalled even initially encoded given limits shortterm memory clinicians carefully consider patterns information giving improvement memory performance cues retrieval indicates providing printed instructions later review may beneficial
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288577
|
Jordi Alonso|Zhaorui Liu|Sara Evans?Lacko|Ekaterina Sadikova|Nancy A. Sampson|Somnath Chatterji|Jibril Abdulmalik|Sergio Aguilar?Gaxiola|Ali Al?Hamzawi|Laura Helena Andrade|Ronny Bruffærts|Graça Cardoso|Alfredo Cía|Silvia Florescu|Giovanni de Girolamo|Oye Gureje|Josep María Haro|Yulong He|Peter de Jonge|Elie G. Karam|Norito Kawakami|Viviane Kovess?Masfety|Paul Lee|Daphna Levinson|María Elena Medina?Mora|Fernando Navarro?Mateu|Beth?Ellen Pennell|Marina Piazza|José Posada?Villa|Margreet ten Have|Zahari Zarkov|Ronald C. Kessler|Graham Thornicroft
|
Treatment gap for anxiety disorders is global: Results of the World Mental Health Surveys in 21 countries
| 2,018 |
Hospital Del Mar|Hospital del Mar Research Institute|Municipal Institute for Medical Research|Pompeu Fabra University|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública|Peking University|Peking University Sixth Hospital|King's College London|London School of Economics and Political Science|Harvard University|Harvard University|World Health Organization|University College Hospital, Ibadan|UC Davis Health System|University of Al-Qadisiyah|Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo|KU Leuven|Universidade Nova de Lisboa|National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development|University College Hospital, Ibadan|Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu|Universitat de Barcelona|Shanghai Mental Health Center|Shanghai Jiao Tong University|University of Groningen|University Medical Center Groningen|University of Balamand|Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care|The University of Tokyo|Université Paris Cité|École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique|Chinese University of Hong Kong|Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría|Servicio Murciano de Salud|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia|National Institute of Quality|Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca|Trimbos Institute|National Center of Public Health and Analyses|Harvard University|King's College London
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background anxiety disorders major cause burden disease treatment gaps described worldwide evaluation lacking estimated among individuals 12month dsmiv dsm diagnostic statistical manual anxiety disorder 21 countries proportion perceived need treatment ii received treatment iii received possibly adequate treatment methods data 23 community surveys 21 countries world mental health wmh surveys dsmiv mental disorders assessed composite international diagnostic interview cidi 30 dsmiv included posttraumatic stress disorder among anxiety disorders considered dsm5 asked previous 12 months respondents felt needed professional treatment obtained professional treatment specializedgeneral medical complementary alternative medical nonmedical professional problems emotions nerves mental health use alcohol drugs possibly adequate treatment defined receiving pharmacotherapy 1 months medication 4 visits medical doctor psychotherapy complementary alternative medicine nonmedical care 8 visits results 51547 respondents response 713 98 12month dsmiv anxiety disorder 276 received treatment 98 received possibly adequate treatment 12month anxiety 413 perceived need care lower treatment levels found lower income countries conclusions low levels service use high proportion receiving services meeting adequacy standards anxiety disorders exist worldwide results suggest need improving recognition anxiety disorders quality treatment
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/26292
|
Lore Noben|Simone Maria Theresia Anna Goossens|Sophie E.M. Truijens|Marijn Marthe Georgine van Berckel|Christel W. Perquin|Gerrit D. Slooter|S. J. van Rooijen
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A Virtual Reality Video to Improve Information Provision and Reduce Anxiety Before Cesarean Delivery: Randomized Controlled Trial
| 2,019 |
Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|Maastricht University
|
background anxiety levels cesarean delivery cd lead negative birth experience may influence several aspects womans life long term improving preoperative information may lower preoperative anxiety lead positive birth experience objective study aimed determine whether virtual reality vr video addition standard preoperative information decreases anxiety levels planned cd methods women scheduled undergo term elective cd recruited outpatient clinic randomized stratified based history emergency cd yes participants received standard preoperative information folder leaflets counseling obstetrician vr group additionally watched vr video showing aspects cd ward admission operating theater spinal analgesia moment birth primary outcome measure change score visual analogue scale anxiety vasa measured admission cd compared baseline vasa score results total 97 women included analysis baseline characteristics similar groups except significantly higher level education control group significant decrease vasa score women vr group n49 compared control group n48 vasa10 p08 95 ci 01 20 subgroup analysis group women history emergency cd showed trend toward decreased preoperative anxiety despite small sample size subgroup n17 p06 26 participants provided completed questionnaires 22 85 vr group reported feeling prepared seeing vr video 24 participants partners completed questionnaires 19 79 agreed participants discomfort motion sickness reported conclusions vr video may help patients partners feel better prepared planning cd study showed vr lead decrease preoperative anxiety however subgroups women history emergency cd may benefit vr videos trial registration international standard randomised controlled trial number isrctn 74794447 httpwwwisrctncomisrctn74794447 retrospectively registered
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.3.447
|
David Alejandro González?Chica|Zandile Mnisi|Jodie Avery|Katherine Duszynski|Jenny Doust|Philip Tideman|Andrew W. Murphy|Jacquii Burgess|Justin Beilby|Nigel Stocks
|
Effect of Health Literacy on Quality of Life amongst Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease in Australian General Practice
| 2,016 |
University of Adelaide|National Health and Medical Research Council|University of Adelaide|National Health and Medical Research Council|University of Adelaide|University of Adelaide|Bond University|Flinders University|Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway|Children's Medical Research Institute|University of Queensland|Torrens University Australia|University of Adelaide|National Health and Medical Research Council
|
background appropriate understanding health information patients cardiovascular disease cvd fundamental better management risk factors improved morbidity also benefit quality life objectives assess relationship health literacy healthrelated quality life hrqol patients ischaemic heart disease ihd investigate role sociodemographic clinical variables possible confounders methods crosssectional study patients ihd recruited stratified sample general practices two australian states queensland south australia 2007 2009 health literacy measured using validated questionnaire classified inadequate marginal adequate physical mental components hrqol assessed using medical outcomes study short form sf12 questionnaire analyses adjusted confounders sociodemographic variables clinical history ihd number cvd comorbidities cvd risk factors using multiple linear regression results total sample 587 patients ihd mean age 72084 years evaluated 768 males 842 retired pensioner 514 secondary educational level health literacy showed mean 39667 points 143 95ci 118173 classified inadequate scores physical component hrqol 396 95ci 371421 421 95ci 408433 448 95ci 433462 inadequate marginal adequate health literacy respectively pvalue trend 0001 association persisted adjustment confounders health literacy associated mental component hrqol pvalue 0482 advanced age lower educational level disadvantaged socioeconomic position larger number cvd comorbidities adversely affected health literacy hrqol conclusion inadequate health literacy contributing factor poor physical functioning patients ihd increasing health literacy may improve hrqol reduce impact ihd among patients chronic cvd
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004401
|
Lilia Bliznashka|Ifeyinwa E. Udo|Christopher R. Sudfeld|Wafaie Fawzi|Aisha Yousafzai
|
Associations between women’s empowerment and child development, growth, and nurturing care practices in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis of demographic and health survey data
| 2,021 |
Harvard Global Health Institute|Yale University|Harvard Global Health Institute|Harvard University|Harvard University|Harvard Global Health Institute|Harvard Global Health Institute
|
background approximately 40 children 3 4 years age low middleincome countries suboptimal development growth womens empowerment may help provide inputs nurturing care early development growth building caregiver capacity family support examined associations womens empowerment child development growth early learning nutrition subsaharan africa ssa methods findings pooled data married women 15 49 years children 36 59 months demographic health surveys collected data child development 2011 2018 9 ssa countries n 21434 benin burundi cameroon chad congo rwanda senegal togo uganda constructed womens empowerment score using factor analysis assigned women countryspecific quintile categories child outcomes included cognitive socioemotional literacynumeracy physical development early childhood development index linear growth heightforage zscore haz stunting haz lt2 early learning outcomes number parental stimulation activities range 0 6 learning resources range 0 4 nutrition outcome child dietary diversity score dds range 0 7 assessed relationship womens empowerment child development growth early learning nutrition using multivariate generalized linear models average households sample large 85 57 members primarily living rural areas 71 women 31 66 years average 54 education 31 completed primary education children 47 7 months old 49 female 23 children suboptimal cognitive development 31 suboptimal socioemotional development 90 suboptimal literacynumeracy development 9 children suboptimal physical development 35 stunted approximately 14 mothers 3 fathers provided 4 stimulation activities relative lowest quintile category children women highest empowerment quintile category less likely suboptimal cognitive development relative risk rr 089 95 confidence interval ci 080 099 higher haz mean difference md 009 95 ci 002 016 lower risk stunting rr 093 95 ci 087 100 higher dds md 017 95 ci 006 029 007 95 ci 001 013 additional learning resources received 016 95 ci 006 025 additional stimulation activities mothers 023 95 ci 017 029 additional activities fathers found evidence womens empowerment associated socioemotional literacynumeracy physical development study limitations include possibility reverse causality suboptimal assessments outcomes exposure conclusions womens empowerment positively associated early child cognitive development child growth early learning nutrition outcomes ssa efforts improve child development growth consider womens empowerment potential strategy
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002798
|
Xiangmin Fan|Daren Chao|Zhan Zhang|Dakuo Wang|Xiaohua Li|Feng Tian
|
Utilization of Self-Diagnosis Health Chatbots in Real-World Settings: Case Study
| 2,021 |
Institute of Software|Chinese Academy of Sciences|University of Toronto|Pace University|Cambridge Scientific (United States)|Institute of Software|Chinese Academy of Sciences
|
background artificial intelligence aidriven chatbots increasingly used health care chatbots designed specific population evaluated controlled settings little research documenting health consumers eg patients caregivers use chatbots selfdiagnosis purposes realworld scenarios objective aim research understand health chatbots used realworld context issues barriers exist usage user experience novel technology improved methods employed datadriven approach analyze system log widely deployed selfdiagnosis chatbot china data set consisted 47684 consultation sessions initiated 16519 users 6 months log data included variety information including users nonidentifiable demographic information consultation details diagnostic reports user feedback conducted statistical analysis content analysis heterogeneous data set results chatbot users spanned age groups including middleaged older adults users consulted chatbot wide range medical conditions including often entail considerable privacy social stigma issues furthermore distilled 2 prominent issues use chatbot 1 considerable number users dropped middle consultation sessions 2 users pretended health concerns used chatbot nontherapeutic purposes finally identified set user concerns regarding use chatbot including insufficient actionable information perceived inaccurate diagnostic suggestions conclusions although health chatbots considered convenient tools enhancing patientcentered care issues barriers impeding optimal use novel technology designers developers employ usercentered approaches address issues user concerns achieve best uptake utilization conclude paper discussing several design implications including making chatbots informative easytouse trustworthy well improving onboarding experience enhance user engagement
|
https://doi.org/10.1191/1740774506cn150oa
|
Khaleel Alyahya|Wareef Y Almousa|Lama F Binsalamh|Ghadeer A Alturaifi|Lama H Alabdely|Norah F Aljulaihim|Layan M Aldosari
|
The Social Attitudes Towards the Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine and the Associated Factors Among Residents of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| 2,023 |
King Saud University|King Saud Medical City|King Saud University|King Saud Medical City|King Saud University|King Saud Medical City|King Saud University|King Saud Medical City|King Saud University|King Saud Medical City|King Saud University|King Saud Medical City|King Saud University
|
background result coronavirus covid19 pandemic global health significantly affected therefore booster dose approved administered people completed primary vaccination series order enhance immunity study aims identify factors lead willingness hesitancy toward thirdbooster dose covid19 vaccine estimate rate acceptance hesitancy toward thirdbooster dose covid19 vaccine measure thirdbooster dose covid19 vaccine literacy among residents riyadh methods study quantitative analytical crosssectional questionnairebased study march 2022 december 2022 data gathered using convenience sampling technique 435 participants riyadh region 16 years old using validated questionnaire results among participants 726 females 534 young participants aged 1625 years good knowledge booster dose versus 262 aged 45 years reported statistical significance p0001 functional literacy covid19 vaccine defined ability read write effectively higher among nonhesitant group compared hesitant group interactivecritical literacy covid19 vaccine defined advanced abilities enable people make sense information may take decisions relevant lives higher among nonhesitant group compared hesitant group 722 study participants reported booster dose covid19 vaccine mandatory government would taken also 191 thought taking booster dose covid19 vaccine would endanger lives conclusion findings current study revealed factors leading willingness hesitancy toward booster dose covid19 vaccine include age gender side effects also measuring covid19 vaccine literacy revealed higher among nonhesitant group hesitant group although statistically insignificant meanwhile studies done track measure covid19 vaccine literacy time examine factors associated booster dose covid19 vaccine hesitancy validation application
|
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008022
|
Jessica R. Daly|Colin A. Depp|Sarah Graham|Dilip V. Jeste|Ho Cheol Kim|Ellen Lee|Camille Nebeker
|
Health Impacts of the Stay-at-Home Order on Community-Dwelling Older Adults and How Technologies May Help: Focus Group Study
| 2,021 |
Institute on Aging|University of California, San Diego|Human Longevity (United States)|Institute on Aging|University of California, San Diego|Institute on Aging|University of California, San Diego|Institute on Aging|University of California, San Diego|IBM Research - Almaden|Institute on Aging|University of California, San Diego|Human Longevity (United States)|University of California, San Diego
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background march 2021 usa covid19 pandemic resulted 500000 deaths majority people 65 years age since start pandemic march 2020 preventive measures including lockdowns social isolation quarantine social distancing implemented reduce viral spread measures effective risk prevention may contribute increased social isolation loneliness among older adults negatively impact mental physical health objective study aimed assess impact covid19 pandemic resulting stayathome order mental physical health older adults explore ways safely increase social connectedness among methods qualitative study involved older adults living continued care senior housing community ccshc southern california usa four 90minute focus groups convened using zoom video communications platform may 2020 involving 21 ccshc residents participants asked describe managing stayathome mandate implemented march 2020 including impact physical mental health transcripts focus group analyzed using qualitative methods results four themes emerged qualitative data 1 impact quarantine health wellbeing 2 communication innovation technology use 3 effective ways coping quarantine 4 improving access technology training participants reported threat mental physical health directly tied quarantine exacerbated social isolation decreased physical activity technology identified lifeline many socially isolated friends family conclusions study findings suggest technology access connectivity literacy potential gamechangers supporting mental physical health older adults must prioritized future research
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102414553823
|
Mariano E. Menendez|David Ring
|
Emergency Department Visits After Hand Surgery Are Common and Usually Related to Pain or Wound Issues
| 2,016 |
Massachusetts General Hospital|Massachusetts General Hospital
|
background payment models shift toward focus value reimbursement becomes increasingly tied quality patient experience minimizing unexpected acute health needs become priority policymakers clinical leaders despite recent emphasis emergency department ed visits quality measure surgery little known role ed early postoperative period hand surgery questionspurposes purpose study determine rates reasons factors associated ed visits within 30 days elective outpatient hand surgery methods using institutional database 2009 2013 assessed ed visit rates 2332 patients undergoing carpal tunnel trigger finger release medical records manually reviewed ascertain primary reason ed visit multivariable logistic regression modeling used identify factors independently associated ed use results total 67 patients 3 experienced least one ed visit within 30 days hand surgery carpal tunnel 3 trigger finger 3 visits 66 occurred within first 2 weeks surgery 31 led hospitalization common reasons ed visits pain 18 wound issues 16 unmarried medically infirm patients likely visit ed conclusions ed visits hand surgery common often related procedure potentially responsive quality improvement initiatives targeted efforts educate patients pain management wound care expected course recovery surgery together close postoperative contact eg routine phone calls facsimile correspondence email secure messaging may limit visits ed level evidence level iv prognostic study
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.098582
|
Fuzhi Wang|Zhuoxin Wang|Sun Wei|Xiumu Yang|Zhiwei Bian|Lining Shen|Wei Pan|Peng Liu|Xingzhi Chen|Lianguo Fu|Fan Zhang|Dan Luo
|
Evaluating the Quality of Health-Related WeChat Public Accounts: Cross-Sectional Study
| 2,020 |
Innovation Team (China)|Bengbu Medical College|Bengbu Medical College|Innovation Team (China)|Bengbu Medical College|Innovation Team (China)|Bengbu Medical College|Bengbu Medical College|Innovation Team (China)|Huazhong University of Science and Technology|Bengbu Medical College|Innovation Team (China)|Bengbu Medical College|Innovation Team (China)|Bengbu Medical College|Innovation Team (China)|Bengbu Medical College|Innovation Team (China)|Bengbu Medical College|Innovation Team (China)|Bengbu Medical College|Bengbu Medical College|Innovation Team (China)
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background representatives health information communication platforms accessed mobile phones mobile terminals healthrelated wechat public accounts hwpas large consumer base chinesespeaking world however still lack general understanding status quo hwpas quality articles release objective aims study assess conformity hwpas health net foundation code conduct honcode evaluate suitability articles disseminated hwpas methods survey conducted april 23 may 5 2019 based monthly march 131 2019 wechat index provided qingbo big data top 100 hwpas examined evaluate honcode compliance first four articles published hwpa survey dates selected samples evaluate suitability materials assessed three raters materials assessed using honcode checklist suitability assessment materials sam score sheet data analysis performed spss version 170 spss inc chicago il usa excel version 2013 microsoft inc washington dc usa results total 93 hwpas 210 released articles included study six eight principles 93 hwpas nearly consistently meet requirements honcode hwpas certified tencent corporation 6693 71 generally slightly superior without certification 2793 29 terms compliance honcode principles mean sam score 210 articles 6772 sd 10930 indicated adequate suitability significant difference sam scores articles published certified uncertified hwpas p07 except literacy requirements dimension tdf972418 p02 conclusions hwpas low honcode conformity although suitability health information released hwpas moderate level still problems identified difficulty tracing information sources excessive implicit advertisements irregular usage charts addition low approval requirements hwpas conducive improvement service quality
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2009.10.003
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Paulo Blikstein|Zaza Kabayadondo|Andrew Martin|Deborah A. Fields
|
An Assessment Instrument of Technological Literacies in Makerspaces and FabLabs
| 2,017 |
Stanford University|Smith College|Stanford University|Utah State University
|
background maker movement increasingly adopted k12 schools students developing new competences exploration fabrication technologies study assesses learning technologies k12 makerspaces fablabs purpose study describes iterative process developing assessment instrument new technological literacy exploration fabrication technologies instrument presents findings implementations five schools three countries index generalizable psychometrically sound permits comparison student confidence performance designmethod evaluation distinct technology skills separates general computing information communication technology ict exploration fabrication technologies efts nonoverlapping areas technological expertise required perform respective sets tasks instrument also tracks student confidence eft skills assesses confidence relates actual task performance results exploration fabrication technologies constitute new distinct set technology literacies arising fabrication settings eft instrument compares students selfreported confidence performance complex design tasks demonstrates students exposure general computing ict tools differs exposure eft tools conclusion eft instrument captures new distinct set technology literacies arise within fabrication settings independent general computing digital content production skills
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/27832
|
Idor Svensson|Thomas Nordström|Emma Lindeblad|Stefan Gustafson|Marianne Björn|Christina Sand|Gunilla Almgren/Bäck|Staffan Nilsson
|
Effects of assistive technology for students with reading and writing disabilities
| 2,019 |
Linnaeus University|Linnaeus University|Linnaeus University|Linköping University|Linnaeus University|Linnaeus University|Linnaeus University|Chalmers University of Technology
|
background assistive technology used mitigate reading disabilities almost three decades tablets texttospeech speechtotext apps introduced recent years scaffold reading writing scientifically rigorous studies however investigated benefits technologypurpose aim explore effects assistive technology students severe reading disabilitiesmethod study included 149 participants intervention group received 24 sessions assistive technology training control group received treatment usualresults intervention control groups improved much 1 year normed population however gains differ groups directly intervention 1 year followupconclusions use assistive technology seems transfer effects reading ability supportive especially students severe difficulties addition increases motivation overall schoolwork experience also highlights obstacles involved measuring ability assimilate communicate textimplications rehabilitationsassistive technology useful children reading disabilities assimilating text well boosting readingchildren reading disability using increased reading performance much norm group ie students enhanced reading ability despite training traditional reading remediationchildrens adolescents motivation schoolwork boosted using complement reading writing disabilities
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12246
|
Gijs Walraven|Ousman Nyan|Marianne A. B. van der Sande|Winston Banya|S. M. Ceesay|Paul Milligan|Keith P. W. J. McAdam
|
Asthma, smoking and chronic cough in rural and urban adult communities in The Gambia
| 2,001 |
MRC Unit the Gambia|MRC Unit the Gambia|MRC Unit the Gambia|MRC Unit the Gambia|MRC Unit the Gambia|MRC Unit the Gambia|MRC Unit the Gambia
|
background asthma reported rare traditional rural communities thought increasing lifestyles become urbanized western objectives communitybased survey noncommunicable diseases conducted october 1996 june 1997 included comparison prevalence asthma smoking chronic cough rural urban gambia methods cluster sample survey conducted random sample rural urban adults 15 years age subjects asked respiratory symptoms using locally adapted version based iultd questionnaire spirometry basal methacholine provocation reversibility bronchodilator skin prick tests performed randomly selected subsample subjects interviewed said wheezed diagnosed asthmatic doctor results 2166 participants urban population 41 reported wheezing whistling chest previous 12 months 36 reported doctordiagnosed asthma 06 chronic cough rural population 3223 participants figures 33 07 12 respectively wheeze common women cough 3 months year common agegroups 45 reported currently smoked accounted 34 urban 42 rural men figures much lower women 15 60 seven 574 randomly selected subjects 14 exhibited bronchial hyperresponsiveness methacholine challenge four 133 30 people selfreported wheeze 369 43 participants doctordiagnosed asthma reacted positively bronchial provocation methacholine remarkably high prevalence positive skin prick tests aeroallergens 38 participants history wheeze 27 without conclusion prevalence wheeze particularly association bronchial hyperresponsiveness low rural urban gambia contrast relatively high prevalence positive skin prick tests aeroallergens wheezers nonwheezers questioning mechanisms interaction allergy asthma presence protective factors asthma west african population high smoking rates justify international concern tobacco marketing developing societies
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.6.499
|
Debabrata Talukdar|Satheesh Seenivasan|Adrian J. Cameron|Gary Sacks
|
The association between national income and adult obesity prevalence: Empirical insights into temporal patterns and moderators of the association using 40 years of data across 147 countries
| 2,020 |
University at Buffalo, State University of New York|Monash University|Deakin University|Deakin University
|
background country level population obesity prevalence often associated economic affluence reflecting potential adverse outcome concomitant economic growth estimated pattern strength empirically observed relationship national income adult obesity prevalence moderating role countries macroenvironments relationship methods assembled data national obesity prevalence income range variables characterize macroenvironments related 147 countries multiple international organizations databases used bayesian hierarchical model estimate relationship elasticities national income using gross domestic product per capita gdppc adult obesity prevalence moderating effects five different dimensions globalization orientation demographic characteristics economic environment labor market characteristics strength health policies countries macroenvironments income elasticities using latest 20192024 available national income growth projections international monetary fund forecast future global trends obesity prevalence findings 40years 19752014 adult obesity prevalence increased declining rate gdppc across 147 countries mean income elasticity estimates 123 95 credible interval 104142 males 101 082118 females elasticities positively associated extent political globalization negatively associated urbanization share agriculture national gdp income based projections indicate obesity prevalence would continue grow average annual rate 247 across studied countries 20192024 conclusions population obesity prevalence exhibits positive relationship national income evidence relationship weakening actually turns negative higher income levels obesity kuznets curve based current trends global obesity prevalence continue increase 20192024 rate growth higher low middleincome countries people currently live low middleincome countries rising incomes findings underscore urgent societal imperatives effective policy initiatives especially target concomitant nutrition transition process economic affluence break least weaken positive relationship population obesity prevalence national income
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774508101191
|
Heini Utunen|Ngouille Ndiaye|Corentin Piroux|Richelle George|Melissa Attias|Gaya Gamhewage
|
Global Reach of an Online COVID-19 Course in Multiple Languages on OpenWHO in the First Quarter of 2020: Analysis of Platform Use Data
| 2,020 |
World Health Organization|World Health Organization|World Health Organization|World Health Organization|World Health Organization|World Health Organization
|
background onset coronavirus outbreak world health organizations health emergencies learning capacity development unit together whos health technical lead coronaviruses developed massive open online course within 3 weeks part global response emergency introductory coronavirus disease covid19 course launched january 26 2020 health emergencies learning platform openwhoorg objective aim paper investigate geographic reach different language courses accessed worldwide audience seeking information covid19 users professional identities backgrounds explored inform course owners use case course developed delivered via openaccess learning platform openwhoorg selfpaced resources available total 13 languages produced january 26 march 25 2020 methods data collected online courses statistical data metrics reporting system openwho platform user patterns locations analyzed based google analytics platforms statistics capabilities data sets overlaid analysis conducted based user location data disaggregated according six regions top 10 countries proportion use language version data included affiliation gender age parameters 3243 52214161007 users indicated background results march 25 2020 introductory covid19 course totaled 232890 enrollments across languages spanish language course comprised half n118754 5099 course enrollments english language course comprised 3821 n88988 enrollments whos region americas accounted course enrollments 7247 138503191130 enrollment across languages regions evenly distributed less 10 enrollment total 3243 52214161007 users specified professional affiliation choosing 12 common backgrounds openwho user profiles covid19 pandemic users spread 11 distinct affiliations small fraction users identifying covid19 introductory course largest number users selected 1652752214 3165 suggesting large number users health professionals academics top 10 countries users across languages argentina chile colombia ecuador india mexico peru spain united kingdom united states conclusions online course addressed worldwide learning need providing whos technical guidance packaged simple formats access use learning material development expedited meet onset epidemic initial data suggest various language versions course particular spanish reached new user groups fulfilling platforms aim providing learning everywhere anyone interested user surveys carried measure real impact
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12139
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Danielle Kingdon|Christopher Cardoso|Jennifer J. McGrath
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Research Review: Executive function deficits in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and attention?deficit/hyperactivity disorder – a meta?analysis
| 2,015 |
Concordia University|Concordia University|Concordia University
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background attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder adhd like symptoms common fetal alcohol spectrum disorders fasd fasd adhd groups display executive function impairments however ongoing debate whether pattern magnitude executive function deficits differs two types disorders methods electronic literature search conducted pubmed psychinfo 19722013 identify studies comparing executive functioning children fasd adhd control groups fasd groups included without dysmorphy ie fas pfas arnd fasd diagnoses effect sizes hedges g standardized mean difference calculated random effects metaanalytic models performed using metafor package r results fiftyone studies met inclusion criteria fasd n 2115 adhd n 453 controls n 1990 children fasd showed strongest consistent deficits planning fluency setshifting compared controls hedges g 094 078 children adhd hedges g 072 032 fasd associated moderate large impairments working memory compared controls hedges g 84 58 small impairments relative groups adhd hedges g 26 smaller less consistent deficits found measures inhibition vigilance relative controls hedges g 052 031 fasd adhd differentiated measures moderator analyses indicated executive dysfunction associated older age dysmorphy larger group differences iq sex diagnostic system consistently related effect size conclusions fasd associated global executive impairments executive function weaknesses consistent measures planning fluency setshifting neuropsychological measures assessing executive function domains may improve differential diagnosis treatment fasd
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https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.116.004995
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Elisabeth M. van der Elst|Haile Selassie Okuku|Phellister Nakamya|Allan Muhaari|Alun Davies|R. Scott McClelland|Matthew A. Price|Adrian D. Smith|Susan M. Graham|Eduard J. Sanders
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Is Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) Useful in Risk Behaviour Assessment of Female and Male Sex Workers, Mombasa, Kenya?
| 2,009 |
Kenya Medical Research Institute|Kenya Medical Research Institute|Kenya Medical Research Institute|Kenya Medical Research Institute|Kenya Medical Research Institute|University of Washington|International AIDS Vaccine Initiative|University of Oxford|University of Washington|Kenya Medical Research Institute|University of Oxford|Kenya Medical Research Institute
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background audio computerassisted selfinterview acasi may elicit frequent reporting socially sensitive behaviours facetoface ftfinterview however study compared responses methods female male sex workers fsw msw africa methodologyprincipal findings sequentially enrolled adults recruited hiv1 intervention trial comparative study acasi ftfinterview clinic near mombasa kenya feasibility acceptability acasi comparative analysis enrolment responses acasi ftf identical risk assessment questionnaire evaluated total 139 women 259 men 81 eligible cohort participants completed interviews acasi captured higher median number regular 2 vs 1 p0001 genders casual partners last week 3 vs 2 p 004 women 2 vs 1 p0001 men group sex 216 vs 135 p0001 men intravenous drug use idu 108 vs 23 p0001 men 44 vs 0 p 003 women rape 89 vs 39 p 0002 men reported frequently acasi surprisingly high number women reported acasi paid sex 493 vs 58 p0001 behaviours recruitment ie anal sex sex work sex males reported less frequently acasi majority women 792 men 697 felt answers given acasi honest volunteers able take acasi 84 men 37 women mostly lacked reading skills conclusionssignificance 1 5 cohort participants able complete acasi mostly lack reading skills participants completed acasi likely report idu rape group sex payment sex women asked ftf interview acasi appears useful tool high risk behaviour assessments african context
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12586
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Joanne Katz|Anne C C Lee|Naoko Kozuki|Joy E Lawn|Simon Cousens|Hannah Blencowe|Majid Ezzati|Zulfiqar A Bhutta|Tanya Marchant|Barbara Willey|Linda S. Adair|Fernando C. Barros|Abdullah H Baqui|Parul Christian|Wafaie Fawzi|Rogelio González|Jean H. Humphrey|Lieven Huybregts|Patrick Kolsteren|Aroonsri Mongkolchati|Luke C. Mullany|Richard Ndyomugyenyi|Jyh Kae Nien|David Osrin|Dominique Roberfroid|Ayesha Sania|Christentze Schmiegelow|Mariângela Freitas da Silveira|James M. Tielsch|Anjana Vaidya|Sithembiso Velaphi|Cesar G Victora|Deborah Watson?Jones|Robert E. Black
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Mortality risk in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries: a pooled country analysis
| 2,013 |
Johns Hopkins University|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Save the Children|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Imperial College London|Aga Khan University|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|North Carolina Division of Public Health|Universidade Católica de Pelotas|Universidade Federal de Pelotas|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Harvard University|Harvard Global Health Institute|Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile|Clinica Santa Maria|Johns Hopkins University|Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research|Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde|Ghent University|Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde|Ghent University|Mahidol University|Johns Hopkins University|Ministry of Health|Universidad de Los Andes, Chile|Clínica Dávila|University College London|Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde|Harvard University|University of Copenhagen|Copenhagen University Hospital|Universidade Federal de Pelotas|George Washington University|Johns Hopkins University|University College London|Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital|Universidade Federal de Pelotas|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit|Johns Hopkins University
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background babies low birthweight 2500 g increased risk early mortality however low birthweight includes babies born preterm fetal growth restriction infants birthweight less 2500 g estimated neonatal infant mortality associated two characteristics lowincome middleincome countries methods pooled analysis searched available studies identified 20 cohorts providing data 2 015 019 livebirths asia africa latin america recorded data birthweight gestational age vital statistics 28 days life study dates ranged 1982 2010 calculated relative risks rr risk differences rd mortality associated preterm birth 32 weeks 32 weeks 34 weeks 34 weeks 37 weeks smallforgestationalage sga babies birthweight lowest third percentile third tenth percentile us reference population preterm sga combinations findings pooled overall rrs preterm 682 95 ci 3561307 neonatal mortality 250 148422 postneonatal mortality pooled rrs babies sga birthweight lowest tenth percentile reference population 183 95 ci 134250 neonatal mortality 190 132273 postneonatal mortality neonatal mortality risk babies preterm sga higher babies either characteristic alone 1542 9112612 interpretation many babies lowincome middleincome countries sga preterm birth affects smaller number neonates sga associated higher mortality risk mortality risks associated characteristics extend beyond neonatal period differentiation burden risk babies born preterm sga rather low birthweight could guide prevention management strategies speed progress towards millennium development goal 4the reduction child mortality funding bill melinda gates foundation
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12605
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Karen Barnes|David N Dürrheim|Francesca Little|Amanda Jackson|Ushma Mehta|Elizabeth Allen|Siphiwe N. Dlamini|Joyce Mahlako. Tsoka|B. L. F. Bredenkamp|D.J. Mthembu|Nicholas J. White|Brian Sharp
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Effect of Artemether-Lumefantrine Policy and Improved Vector Control on Malaria Burden in KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa
| 2,005 |
University of Cape Town|Hunter New England Local Health District|University of Cape Town|South African Medical Research Council|University of Cape Town|University of Cape Town|South African Medical Research Council|South African Medical Research Council|South African Medical Research Council|Churchill Hospital|Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit|Mahidol University|South African Medical Research Council
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background 1995 2000 kwazulunatal province south africa experienced marked increase plasmodium falciparum malaria fuelled pyrethroid sulfadoxinepyrimethamine resistance response vector control strengthened artemetherlumefantrine al deployed first ministry health artemisininbased combination treatment policy africa south africa effective vector parasite control historically ensured lowintensity malaria transmission malaria diagnosed definitively treatment provided free charge reasonably accessible publicsector healthcare facilities methods findings reviewed four years malaria morbidity mortality data four sentinel healthcare facilities within kwazulunatals malariaendemic area year following improved vector control implementation al treatment malariarelated admissions deaths declined 89 outpatient visits decreased 85 sentinel facilities 2003 malariarelated outpatient cases admissions fallen 99 malariarelated deaths decreased 97 concomitant marked sustained decline notified malaria throughout province serious adverse events associated causally al treatment active sentinel pharmacovigilance survey prospective study 42 follow al cured 9798 99 prevented gametocyte developing patients consistent findings focus group discussions household survey found selfreported adherence sixdose al regimen 96 conclusion together concurrent strengthening vector control measures antimalarial treatment policy change al kwazulunatal contributed marked sustained decrease malaria cases admissions deaths greatly improving clinical parasitological cure rates reducing gametocyte carriage
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https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd011159.pub2
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James R. Rodrigue|Matthew Paek|Ogo Egbuna|Amy D. Waterman|Jesse D. Schold|Martha Pavlakis|Didier A. Mandelbrot
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Making House Calls Increases Living Donor Inquiries and Evaluations for Blacks on the Kidney Transplant Waiting List
| 2,014 |
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Amgen (United States)|University of California, Los Angeles|Cleveland Clinic|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
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background blacks receive live donor kidney transplant ldkt less often patients races evaluated effectiveness educational interventions removing barriers ldkt blacks methods patients randomized three interventions health educators delivered intervention patient hisher guests patients home house calls hc n54 b clusters patients guests transplant center group based gb n49 c individual patient alone transplant center individual counseling ic n49 results 2year endpoint 15 n8 8 n4 6 n3 hc gb ic patients respectively received ldkt p030 patients hc group likely patients gb ic groups least one donor inquiry 82 vs 61 vs 47 p0001 evaluation 65 vs 39 vs 27 p0001 patients hc group also likely higher knowledge fewer concerns higher willingness talk others donation 6 weeks intervention conclusions findings underscore importance including patients social network ldkt education potential hc intervention reduce racial disparity ldkt rates
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031666
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Tamara G. Fong|Michael A. Fearing|Richard N. Jones|Peilin Shi|Edward R. Marcantonio|James L. Rudolph|Frances M. Yang|Kathleen Kiely|Sharon K. Inouye
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Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status: Creating a crosswalk with the Mini?Mental State Examination
| 2,009 |
Hebrew SeniorLife|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Harvard University|Hebrew SeniorLife|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Harvard University|Hebrew SeniorLife|Hebrew SeniorLife|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Harvard University|Hebrew SeniorLife|VA Boston Healthcare System|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard University|Hebrew SeniorLife|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Harvard University|Hebrew SeniorLife|Hebrew SeniorLife|Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center|Harvard University
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background brief cognitive screening measures valuable tools research clinical applications widely used instrument minimental state examination mmse limited must administered facetoface cannot used participants visual motor impairments protected copyright screening instruments telephone interview cognitive status tics developed provide valid alternative comparable cutpoint scores rate global cognitive function methods mmse tics30 tics40 scores 746 communitydwelling elders participated aging demographics memory study adams analyzed equipercentile equating statistical process determining comparable scores based percentile equivalents different forms examination results scores mmse tics30 tics40 corresponded well clinically relevant cutpoint scores determined example mmse score 23 equivalent 17 20 tics30 tics40 respectively conclusions findings indicate tics mmse scores linked directly clinically relevant important mmse cut points respective adams tics30 tics40 cutpoint scores included identify degree cognitive impairment among respondents type cognitive disorder results help widespread application tics research clinical practice
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https://doi.org/10.2196/21747
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Richard Gater|Waquas Waheed|Nusrat Husain|Barbara Tomenson|Saadia Aseem|Francis Creed
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Social intervention for British Pakistani women with depression: randomised controlled trial
| 2,010 |
University of Manchester|Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust|Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust|Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust|Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust|University of Manchester
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background british pakistani women high prevalence depression reported psychosocial interventions depression ethnic minorities uk aims determine efficacy social group intervention compared antidepressants whether combination two efficacious either alone method total 123 women depression participated primary carebased cluster randomised controlled trial isrctn19172148 outcome measures severity depression hamilton rating scale depression social functioning satisfaction 3 9 months results greater improvement depression social intervention group combined treatment group compared receiving antidepressants alone fell short significance significantly greater improvement social functioning social intervention combined treatment groups antidepressant group 3 9 months conclusions pakistani women depression found social groups acceptable social function satisfaction improved received social treatment compared receipt antidepressants alone
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227973
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Erik P. Hess|Meghan Knoedler|Nilay D. Shah|Jeffrey A. Kline|Maggie Breslin|Megan E. Branda|Laurie Pencille|Brent R. Asplin|David M. Nestler|Annie T. Sadosty|Ian G. Stiell|Henry H. Ting|Víctor M. Montori
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The Chest Pain Choice Decision Aid
| 2,012 | null |
background cardiac stress testing patients low risk acute coronary syndrome associated increased falsepositive test results unnecessary downstream procedures increased cost judged unlikely patient preferences driving decision obtain stress testing methods results chest pain choice trial prospective randomized evaluation involving 204 patients randomized decision aid usual care followed 30 days decision aid included 100person pictograph depicting pretest probability acute coronary syndrome available management options observation unit admission stress testing 2472 hours outpatient followup primary outcome patient knowledge measured immediate postvisit survey additional outcomes included patient engagement decision making proportion patients decided undergo observation unit admission cardiac stress testing compared usual care patients n103 decision aid patients n101 significantly greater knowledge 36 versus 30 questions correct mean difference 067 95 ci 03410 engaged decision making indicated higher option observing patient involvement scores 266 versus 70 mean difference 196 95 ci 16216 decided less frequently admitted observation unit stress testing 58 versus 77 absolute difference 19 95 ci 631 major adverse cardiac events discharge either group conclusions use decision aid patients chest pain increased knowledge engagement decision making decreased rate observation unit admission stress testing clinical trial registration url httpwwwclinicaltrialsgov unique identifier nct01077037
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https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0228
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Lemma Negesa|Judy Magarey|Philippa Rasmussen|Jeroen M Hendriks
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Patients’ knowledge on cardiovascular risk factors and associated lifestyle behaviour in Ethiopia in 2018: A cross-sectional study
| 2,020 |
University of Adelaide|Haramaya University|University of Adelaide|University of Adelaide|Royal Adelaide Hospital|Flinders University|Linköping University
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background cardiovascular disease cvd posing major public health challenge globally evidence reports significant gaps knowledge cardiovascular risk factors among patients cvd despite growing burden cardiovascular disease developing countries limited data available improve awareness area crucial implementation prevention programs methods crosssectional survey conducted two referral hospitals eastern ethiopia juneseptember 2018 outpatients confirmed diagnosis cardiovascular conditions eligible participation study convenience sampling technique used primary outcome study knowledge cardiovascular risk factors among patients cardiovascular disease knowledge cardiovascular disease risk factors measured using validated instrument heart disease fact questionnaire score less 70 defined suboptimal knowledge multivariable linear regression used examine relationship knowledge cardiovascular risk factors explanatory variables results total 287 patients enrolled study mean age 4711yrs 564 patients females half patients 54 good knowledge cardiovascular risk factors scored70 whilst 46 demonstrated suboptimal knowledge levels area urban residency associated higher cardiovascular risk factors knowledge scores whereas never married formal education lower education identified predictors lower knowledge scores statistically significant association knowledge cardiovascular risk factors actual cumulative risk behaviour conclusion almost half cvd patients ethiopia suboptimal knowledge regarding cardiovascular risk factors residence education level marital status associated knowledge cardiovascular risk factors implementation innovative interventions structured nurseled lifestyle counselling would required effectively guide patients developing lifestyle modification achieve sustainable behaviour change
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https://doi.org/10.1161/hcq.0000000000000006
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Paul A. Thompson|Charles Hulme|Hannah Nash|Debbie Gooch|Marianna E. Hayiou?Thomas|Margaret J. Snowling
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Developmental dyslexia: predicting individual risk
| 2,015 |
University of Oxford|University College London|University of Leeds|Royal Holloway University of London|University of York|University of Oxford
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background causal theories dyslexia suggest heritable disorder outcome multiple risk factors however whether early screening dyslexia viable yet known methods study followed children high risk dyslexia preschool early primary years assessing age 3 years 6 months t1 approximately annual intervals tasks tapping cognitive language executivemotor skills children recruited three groups children family risk dyslexia children concerns regarding speech language development 306 years controls considered typically developing 8 years children classified dyslexic logistic regression models used predict individual risk dyslexia investigate risk factors accumulate predict poor literacy outcomes results familyrisk status stronger predictor dyslexia 8 years low language preschool additional predictors preschool years include letter knowledge phonological awareness rapid automatized naming executive skills time school entry language skills become significant predictors motor skills add small significant increase prediction probability present classification accuracy using different probability cutoffs logistic regression models roc curves highlight accumulation risk factors individual level conclusions dyslexia outcome multiple risk factors children language difficulties school entry high risk family history dyslexia predictor literacy outcome preschool years however screening reach acceptable clinical level close school entry letter knowledge phonological awareness ran rather family risk together provide good sensitivity specificity screening battery
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https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28755
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Rebecca D. Pentz|Minisha Lohani|Melissa Hayban|Jeffrey M. Switchenko|Margie D. Dixon|Richard J. DeFeo|Gregg M. Orloff|Ashesh B. Jani|Viraj A. Master
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Videos improve patient understanding of misunderstood chemotherapy terminology
| 2,019 |
Emory University|Piedmont Cancer Institute|Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine|Emory University|Emory University|Emory University|Counseling Center|Emory University|Emory University|Piedmont Cancer Institute|Emory University|Piedmont Cancer Institute
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background chemotherapy backbone many cancer therapies however terminology used describe chemotherapy may difficult patients understand particularly underserved populations studies shown educational videos improve patient understanding cancerrelated terms goal study identify chemotherapy terms difficult underserved population understand develop test educational videos describing terms methods word bank 50 difficulttounderstand chemotherapy terms developed querying 15 providers 50 patients underserved hospital twenty terms tested 50 additional patients determine rates misunderstanding six pilot educational videos describing 6 important terms created using videoscribe assessed 50 patients see improved understanding results fifteen 20 terms tested establish rates misunderstanding misunderstood one third patients 98 unable define maintenance 74 unable define cancer 58 unable define chemotherapy patient understanding 6 terms improved least 20 watching videos notable improvement reported palliative chemotherapy beforeandafter video understanding increased 0 72 conclusion chemotherapy backbone cancer treatment described terms difficult understand short animated educational videos significantly increase patient understanding chemotherapy terminology
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https://doi.org/10.2196/20322
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Elham Kavosi|Zahra Hassanzadeh Rostami|Zahra Kavosi|Aliasghar Nasihatkon|Mohsen Moghadami|Mohammad Reza Heidari
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Prevalence and Determinants of Under-Nutrition Among Children Under Six: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Fars Province, Iran
| 2,014 |
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences|Shiraz University of Medical Sciences|Shiraz University of Medical Sciences|Shiraz University of Medical Sciences|Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
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background childhood malnutrition major public health problem among children developing countries affect physical intellectual growth also considered main cause child morbidity mortality objective study estimate prevalence undernutrition identify determinants malnutrition among children 6 years age fars province iran methods survey conducted house house visit multistage sampling 30 cities fars province december 2012 january 2013 total 15408 children aged 06 years old studied nutritional assessment terms underweight stunting wasting also sociodemographic measures obtained structured questionnaire backward stepwise logistic regression used relate underlying factors odds undernutrition indices results rates stunting underweight wasting 953 966 819 respectively male children stunted compared females 141 ci 126158 also stunting significantly associated lower family income 321 ci 117885 lower maternal education 080 ci 064098 living urban areas poor water supply identified significant risk factors three types childhood undernutrition moreover khamse arab ethnic groups vulnerable undernutrition suggestion nonaccess health services associated wasting 187 ci 139252 also large family size related underweight 135 ci 110165 conclusion prevalence undernutrition study population categorized low levels however planning public preventive strategies help control childhood undernutrition according underlying factors malnutrition study population including gender settlement area family size ethnicity family income maternal education health services also safe water supply
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https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd010783.pub2
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Tamsin Ford|Panos Vostanis|Howard Meltzer|Robert Goodman
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Psychiatric disorder among British children looked after by local authorities: Comparison with children living in private households
| 2,007 |
King's College London|King's College London|King's College London
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background children looked local authorities higher risk poor psychosocial outcomes children living private households nationally representative random samples two groups children previously compared aims find explanations increased prevalence psychiatric disorder children looked local authorities method examined sociodemographic characteristics psychopathology type placement among children looked britain local authorities n 1453 compared children deprived nondeprived children living private households n 10 428 results children looked local authorities higher levels psychopathology educational difficulties neurodevelopmental disorders looked status independently associated nearly types psychiatric disorder adjusting educational physical factors prevalence psychiatric disorder particularly high among living residential care many recent changes placement conclusions findings indicate need greater support vulnerable group children
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000903
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Kate Cain|Simon Bignell
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Reading and listening comprehension and their relation to inattention and hyperactivity
| 2,013 |
Lancaster University|University of Derby
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background children diagnoses attentiondeficithyperactivity disorder adhd frequently reading problems date clear whether poor reading associated inattention hyperactivity also whether poor reading comprehension result poor word reading skills general language comprehension weaknesses aims report two studies examine reading listening comprehension skills related inattention hyperactivityimpulsivity samples separate groups 7 11yearolds participated study methods studies used teacher ratings inattention hyperactivityimpulsivity identify three groups risk adhd poor attention high hyperactivity poor attention high hyperactivity also sameage controls study 1 explored inattention hyperactivity predicted reading controlling nonverbal iq vocabulary study 2 compared listening reading comprehension groups results poor attention related poor reading comprehension although relation partially mediated word reading skill study 1 groups high hyperactivity weak listening comprehension relative reading comprehension study 2 conclusions results indicate reading comprehension problems children attention difficulties related poor word reading listening comprehension particularly vulnerable children risk adhd
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https://doi.org/10.2196/45766
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Lindsey Smith Taillie|Marcela Reyes|M. Arantxa Colchero|Barry M. Popkin|Camila Corvalán
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An evaluation of Chile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and-after study
| 2,020 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of Chile|Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of Chile
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background chiles law food labeling advertising implemented 2016 first national regulation jointly mandate frontofpackage warning labels restrict childdirected marketing ban sales schools foods beverages containing added sugars sodium saturated fats exceed set nutrient calorie thresholds objective study evaluate impact package policies household beverage purchases method findings observational study monthly longitudinal data packaged beverage purchases collected urbandwelling households n 2383 participating kantar wordpanel chile survey january 1 2015 december 31 2017 beverage purchases linked nutritional information product level reviewed team nutritionists categorized highin highin according whether contained high levels nutrients concern ie sugars sodium saturated fat energy according chilean nutrient thresholds thus subject laws warning label marketing restriction school sales ban policies majority highin beverages categorized high sugar content used fixedeffects models compare observed volume well calorie sugar content postregulation beverage purchases counterfactual based preregulation trends overall householdhead educational attainment households included study 37 household heads low education less high school 40 medium education graduated high school 23 high education graduated college sample becoming educated study period compared counterfactual volume highin beverage purchases decreased 228 mlcapitaday postregulation 95 confidence interval ci 229 227 p 0001 237 95 ci 238 237 higheducated loweducated households showed similar absolute reductions highin beverage purchases approximately 27 mlcapitaday p 0001 higheducated households amounted larger relative decline 287 95 ci 288 286 compared loweducated households 215 95 ci 216 214 likely higheducated households lower level highin beverage purchases preregulation period calories highin beverage purchases decreased 119 kcalcapitaday 95 ci 120 119 p 0001 275 95 ci 276 275 calories purchased beverages classified highin increased 57 kcalcapitaday 95 ci 5757 p 0001 108 108108 calories total beverage purchases decreased 74 kcalcapitaday 95 ci 74 73 p 0001 75 95 ci 76 75 key limitation study inability assess causality observational nature also cannot determine whether observed changes purchases due reformulation consumer behavioral change parse effects labeling marketing school sales ban policies conclusions purchases highin beverages significantly declined following implementation chiles law food labeling advertising reductions larger observed single standalone policies including sugarsweetenedbeverage taxes previously implemented latin america future research evaluate effects chiles policies purchases highin foods dietary intake longterm purchasing changes
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045413
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Kelly Hosking|Teresa De Santis|Emily Vintour?Cesar|Phillip Merrdi Wilson|Linda Bunn|George Garambaka Gurruwiwi|Shiraline Wurrawilya|Sarah Mariyalawuy Bukulatjpi|Sandra Nelson|Cheryl Ross|Kelly-Anne Stuart-Carter|Terese Ngurruwuthun|Amanda Dhagapan|Paula Binks|Richard Sullivan|Linda Ward|Phoebe Schroder|Jaclyn Tate-Baker|Joshua S. Davis|Christine Connors|Jane Davies
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“Putting the power back into community”: A mixed methods evaluation of a chronic hepatitis B training course for the Aboriginal health workforce of Australia’s Northern Territory
| 2,024 |
Charles Darwin University|Menzies School of Health Research|Northern Territory Health Services|Northern Territory Health Services|Charles Darwin University|Menzies School of Health Research|Northern Territory Health Services|Northern Territory Health Services|Charles Darwin University|Menzies School of Health Research|Northern Territory Health Services|Maari Ma Health|Northern Territory Health Services|Charles Darwin University|Menzies School of Health Research|Maari Ma Health|Maari Ma Health|Charles Darwin University|Menzies School of Health Research|Sutherland Hospital|Charles Darwin University|Menzies School of Health Research|Charles Darwin University|Menzies School of Health Research|Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine|Royal Darwin Hospital|Charles Darwin University|Menzies School of Health Research|University of Newcastle Australia|Northern Territory Health Services|Charles Darwin University|Menzies School of Health Research|Royal Darwin Hospital
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background chronic hepatitis b chb endemic aboriginal torres strait islander population australias northern territory progression liver disease prevented holistic care provided low health literacy amongst health professionals known barrier caring people living chb codesigned delivered culturally safe managing hepatitis b training course aboriginal health workforce present evaluation course objectives 1 improve course participants chbrelated knowledge attitudes clinical practice 2 evaluate managing hepatitis b training course 3 enable participants skills confidence part care team methods used participatory action research culturally safe principles used purposebuilt quantitative qualitative evaluation tools evaluate managing hepatitis b training course integrated two forms data deductively analysing codes grouped categories assessed pedagogical outcomes kirkpatricks training evaluation framework results eight courses delivered 2019 2023 130 participants 32 communities pre postcourse questionnaires demonstrated statistically significant improvements domains plt0001 93 matched pairs thematic network analysis demonstrated high levels course acceptability significant knowledge acquisition themes identified include cultural safety shame previous misinformation misconceptions transmission observations demonstrate improvements postcourse engagement deep understanding chb well increased participation clinical care teams conclusions managing hepatitis b training course led sustained improvement knowledge attitudes aboriginal health workforce resulting improved care treatment uptake people living chb important nonclinical outcomes included strengthening teaching leadership skills empowerment
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https://doi.org/10.2196/26615
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Laura Martínez García|Brandon Birckhead|Parthasarathy Krishnamurthy|Josh Sackman|Ian Mackey|Robert G. Louis|Vafi Salmasi|Todd Maddox|Beth D. Darnall
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An 8-Week Self-Administered At-Home Behavioral Skills-Based Virtual Reality Program for Chronic Low Back Pain: Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Conducted During COVID-19
| 2,021 |
University of Houston|Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian|Neurosciences Institute|Stanford University|Stanford University
|
background chronic low back pain prevalent chronic pain condition worldwide access behavioral pain treatment limited virtual reality vr immersive technology may provide effective behavioral therapeutics chronic pain objective aimed conduct doubleblind parallelarm singlecohort remote randomized placebocontrolled trial selfadministered behavioral skillsbased vr program communitybased individuals selfreported chronic low back pain covid19 pandemic methods national online convenience sample individuals selfreported nonmalignant low back pain duration 6 months average pain intensity 4 more10 enrolled randomized 11 1 2 daily 56day vr programs 1 easevrx immersive pain relief skills vr program 2 sham vr 2d nature content delivered vr headset objective device use data selfreported data collected primary outcomes betweengroup effect easevrx versus sham vr across time points betweenwithin interaction effect representing change average pain intensity painrelated interference activity stress mood sleep time baseline endoftreatment day 56 secondary outcomes global impression change change physical function sleep disturbance pain selfefficacy pain catastrophizing pain acceptance pain medication use user satisfaction analytic methods included intentiontotreat mixedmodel framework results study sample 179 adults female 765 137179 caucasian 905 162179 least college education 911 163179 mean age 515 years sd 131 average pain intensity 510 sd 12 back pain duration 5 years 67 120179 group differences found baseline variable treatment engagement user satisfaction ratings higher easevrx versus sham vr plt001 betweengroups factor easevrx superior sham vr primary outcomes highest p value009 betweengroups cohen effect sizes ranged 040 049 indicating superiority moderately clinically meaningful easevrx large prepost effect sizes ranged 117 13 met moderate substantial clinical importance reduced pain intensity painrelated interference activity mood stress betweengroup comparisons physical function sleep disturbance showed superiority easevrx group versus sham vr group p022 013 respectively pain catastrophizing pain selfefficacy pain acceptance prescription opioid use morphine milligram equivalent reach statistical significance either group use overthecounter analgesic use reduced easevrx plt01 sham vr conclusions easevrx high user satisfaction superior clinically meaningful symptom reduction average pain intensity painrelated interference activity mood stress compared sham vr additional research needed determine durability treatment effects characterize mechanisms treatment effects homebased vr may expand access effective ondemand nonpharmacologic treatment chronic low back pain trial registration clinicaltrialsgov nct04415177 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2shownct04415177 international registered report identifier irrid rr210219625291
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https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.25195
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Gebre-Egziabher Kiros|Dennis P. Hogan
|
War, famine and excess child mortality in Africa: the role of parental education
| 2,001 |
Population Council
|
background civiliantargeted warfare famine constitute two greatest public health challenges time devastated many countries africa social services particular health services destroyed dictatorial military governments used withholding food political weapon exacerbate human suffering circumstances war famine expected catastrophic impacts child survival study examines role parental education reducing excess child mortality africa considering tigraiethiopia severely affected famine civil war 19731991
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231291
|
Etienne Karita|Nzeera Ketter|Matthew A. Price|Kayitesi Kayitenkore|Pontiano Kaleebu|Annet Nanvubya|Omu Anzala|Walter Jaoko|Gaudensia Mutua|Eugene Ruzagira|Joseph Mulenga|Eduard J. Sanders|Mary Mwangome|Susan Allen|Agnes N. Bwanika|Ubaldo Bahemuka|Ken Awuondo|Gloria Omosa|Bashir Farah|Pauli N. Amornkul|Josephine Birungi|Sarah Yates|Lisa Stoll-Johnson|Jill Gilmour|Gwynneth Stevens|Erin Shutes|Olivier Manigart|Peter Hughes|Len Dally|Janet Scott|Wendy Stevens|Pat Fast|Anatoli Kamali
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CLSI-Derived Hematology and Biochemistry Reference Intervals for Healthy Adults in Eastern and Southern Africa
| 2,009 |
San Francisco Foundation|Johnson & Johnson (United States)|International AIDS Vaccine Initiative|San Francisco Foundation|Uganda Virus Research Institute|Uganda Virus Research Institute|Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative|Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative|Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative|Uganda Virus Research Institute|Kenya Medical Research Institute|University of Oxford|Kenya Medical Research Institute|Emory University|Uganda Virus Research Institute|Uganda Virus Research Institute|Kenya Medical Research Institute|Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative|Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative|International AIDS Vaccine Initiative|International AIDS Vaccine Initiative|International AIDS Vaccine Initiative|Cerritos College|University of Oxford|International AIDS Vaccine Initiative|San Francisco Foundation|Uganda Virus Research Institute|Emmes (United States)|University of Oxford|National Health Laboratory Service|University of the Witwatersrand|International AIDS Vaccine Initiative|Uganda Virus Research Institute
|
background clinical laboratory reference intervals established many african countries nonlocal intervals commonly used clinical trials screen monitor adverse events aes among african participants using laboratory reference intervals derived populations excludes potential trial volunteers africa makes ae assessment challenging objective study establish clinical laboratory reference intervals 25 hematology immunology biochemistry values among healthy african adults typical might join clinical trial methods findings equal proportions men women invited participate cross sectional study seven clinical centers kigali rwanda masaka entebbe uganda two nairobi one kilifi kenya lusaka zambia laboratories used hematology immunology biochemistry analyzers validated independent clinical laboratory clinical laboratory standards institute guidelines followed create study consensus intervals comparison ae grading criteria published us national institute allergy infectious diseases division aids daids us reference intervals used 2990 potential volunteers screened 2105 1083 men 1022 women included analysis significant gender regional differences observed creating consensus african study intervals complete data possible 18 25 analytes compared reference intervals us found lower hematocrit hemoglobin levels particularly among women lower white blood cell neutrophil counts lower amylase genders elevated eosinophil counts immunoglobulin g total direct bilirubin lactate dehydrogenase creatine phosphokinase latter pronounced among women graded usderived daids ae grading criteria observed 774 353 volunteers grade one higher results 314 149 elevated total bilirubin 201 96 low neutrophil counts otherwise healthy volunteers would excluded would require special exemption participate many clinical trials conclusions accelerate clinical trials africa improve scientific validity locally appropriate reference ranges used study provides ranges inform inclusion criteria evaluation adverse events studies regions africa
|
https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214475
|
Sanne Verdoorn|Henk?Frans Kwint|Jeanet W. Blom|Jacobijn Gussekloo|Marcel L. Bouvy
|
Effects of a clinical medication review focused on personal goals, quality of life, and health problems in older persons with polypharmacy: A randomised controlled trial (DREAMeR-study)
| 2,019 |
Pharmo Institute|Utrecht University|SIR Institute for Pharmacy Practice and Policy|SIR Institute for Pharmacy Practice and Policy|Leiden University|Leiden University|Pharmo Institute|Utrecht University|SIR Institute for Pharmacy Practice and Policy
|
background clinical medication reviews cmrs increasingly performed older persons multimorbidity polypharmacy reduce drugrelated problems drps however limited evidence cmr improve clinical outcomes little attention paid patients preferences needs aim study investigate effect patientcentred cmr focused personal goals healthrelated quality life hrqol number health problems methods findings study randomised controlled trial rct performed 35 community pharmacies cooperating general practices netherlands communitydwelling older persons 70 years polypharmacy 7 longterm medications randomly assigned usual care receive cmr randomisation performed patient level per pharmacy using block randomisation primary outcomes hrqol assessed euroqol eq5d5l eqvisual analogue scale vas number health problems pain dizziness 3 6 months health problems measured selfdeveloped written questionnaire total number health problems number health problems moderate severe impact daily life april 2016 february 2017 recruited 629 participants 54 females median age 79 years randomly assigned receive intervention n 315 usual care n 314 6 months intervention group hrqol measured eqvas increased 34 points 95 confidence interval ci 094 58 p 0006 number health problems impact daily life decreased 12 difference 6 months 034 95 ci 062 0044 p 0024 compared control group significant difference intervention group control group hrqol measured eq5d5l difference 6 months 00022 95 ci 0024 0020 p 085 total number health problems difference 6 months 030 95 ci 064 0054 p 0099 main study limitations include risk bias due lack blinding difficulties demonstrating part complex intervention example goal setting extra attention patients reducing health problems drug changes contributed effects observed conclusions study observed cmr focused personal goals improved older patients lives wellbeing increasing quality life measured eqvas decreasing number health problems impact daily life although significantly affect quality life measured eq5d including patients personal goals preferences medication review may help establish effects outcomes relevant older patients lives trial registration netherlands trial register ntr5713
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01421-3
|
Michael Krosin|Robert Klitzman|Bruce Levin|Jianfeng Cheng|Megan L. Ranney
|
Problems in comprehension of informed consent in rural and peri-urban Mali, West Africa
| 2,006 |
St. Mary's Medical Center|Columbia University
|
background clinical trials undertaken industrialized nations undeveloped nations pose several critical ethical dilemmas one key potential problem concerns misunderstandings consent process participants though reports begun explore area needs remain identify specific areas misunderstanding purpose identify deficits comprehension consent processes mali west africa methods obtaining informed consent participation malaria vaccine trial conducted two west african villages administered participants nineitem questionnaire testing understanding information relevant consent testing ability understand multiple choice format 78 100 subjects administered questionnaire one village 85 100 results participants difficulty comprehending several concepts relevant informed consent 90 respondents understand withdrawal criterion 93 understand existence study side effects 74 understand enrolled investigation opposed receiving therapy response rate percentage correct answers generally much higher village nearer urban center rural village percent correct answers exceeded 50 five questions urban village two question rural setting limitations potential limitations study relating translation cultural differences notion informed consent staff differences village proportion could understand survey instrument fact study explored participants understanding consent process observe process conclusions study illustrates potential areas miscomprehension consent process developing country degree miscomprehension found study appeared found similar studies conducted industrialized nations despite efforts obtain truly informed consent several factors make challenging developing world research highlights need comprehensive studies consent developing countries studies may eventually aid investigators identifying targeting addressing specific areas miscomprehension thereby improve informed consent process developing world
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/21012
|
Claudia C. Dobler|Manuel Anguita Sánchez|Michael R. Gionfriddo|Neri Alejandro Álvarez?Villalobos|Naykky Singh Ospina|Gabriela Spencer?Bonilla|Björg Thorsteinsdottir|Raed Benkhadra|Patricia J. Erwin|Colin P. West|Juan P. Brito|M. Hassan Murad|Víctor M. Montori
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Impact of decision aids used during clinical encounters on clinician outcomes and consultation length: a systematic review
| 2,018 |
Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Center for Innovation|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León|Mayo Clinic in Florida|University of Florida|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Mayo Clinic in Arizona|Mayo Clinic in Florida
|
background clinicians satisfaction encounter decision aids important component facilitating implementation tools aimed determine impact decision aids supporting shared decision making sdm clinical encounter clinician outcomes methods searched nine databases inception june 2017 randomised clinical trials rcts decision aids used clinical encounters unaided control group eligible inclusion due heterogeneity among included studies used narrative evidence synthesis approach results twentyfive papers met inclusion criteria including 22 rcts 3 qualitative mixedmethods studies nested rct together representing 23 unique trials trials evaluated healthcare decisions cardiovascular prevention treatment n8 treatment diabetes mellitus n3 treatment osteoporosis n2 treatment depression n2 antibiotics treat acute respiratory infections n3 cancer prevention treatment n4 prenatal diagnosis n1 clinician outcomes measured minority studies clinicians satisfaction decision making assessed 8 2 showed statistically significantly greater satisfaction decision aid three trials asked clinicians would recommend decision aid colleagues five asked clinicians would use decision aids future outpatient consultations prolonged decision aid used 9 13 trials overall strength evidence low major risk bias related lack blinding participants andor outcome assessors conclusion decision aids improve clinicians satisfaction medical decision making provide helpful information without affecting length consultation time sdm trials however omit outcomes related clinicians perspective decision making process likelihood using decision aid future
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184138
|
Raquel Gil?Gouveia|António G. Oliveira|Isabel Pavão Martins
|
Cognitive dysfunction during migraine attacks: A study on migraine without aura
| 2,014 |
University of Lisbon|Hospital da Luz|Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte|University of Lisbon
|
background cognitive difficulties contribute patients disability migraine attacks overlooked migraine research neuropsychological studies performed attacks produced inconsistent findings due design differences limitations objective objective document changes cognitive performance migraine patients migraine attacks comprehensive battery cognitivebehavioral tests controlling potential confounders method prospective twoperiod randomized crossover study compared withinsubject neuropsychological evaluation two conditionsduring naturally occurring untreated migraine attack headachefree period results thirtynine patients episodic migraine 37 females average 38 years old included 24 completed study participants performed worse attack majority cognitive tests compared headachefree status significantly word reading speed p 0013 verbal learning p 001 shortterm verbal recall p 001 without p 0013 semantic cueing delayed recall p 0003 without p 005 semantic cues differences found unrelated age gender literacy condition order interval evaluations anxiety pain intensity duration attack discussion cognitive performance decreases migraine attacks especially reading processing speed verbal memory learning supporting patients subjective complaints findings suggest existence reversible brain dysfunction attacks migraine without aura relate specifically migraine consequence acute pain processing brain
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001037
|
Gudrun Wagner|Eva Penelo|C. Wanner|Paulina Gwinner|Marie Louise Trofaier|Hartmut Imgart|Karin Waldherr|Çiçek Wöber?Bingöl|Andreas Karwautz
|
Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy <i>v.</i> conventional guided self-help for bulimia nervosa: long-term evaluation of a randomised controlled trial
| 2,013 |
Medical University of Vienna|Departament de Salut|Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona|Medical University of Vienna|Medical University of Vienna|Medical University of Vienna|Werner-Wicker-Klinik|Ludwig Boltzmann Institut Health Promotion Research|Medical University of Vienna|Medical University of Vienna
|
background cognitivebehavioural therapy cbtbased guided selfhelp recommended first step treatment bulimia nervosa aims evaluate randomised controlled trial clinicaltrialsgov registration number nct00461071 longterm effectiveness internetbased guided selfhelp intgsh compared conventional guided bibliotherapy bibgsh females bulimia nervosa method total 155 participants randomly assigned intgsh bibgsh 7 months outcomes assessed baseline month 4 month 7 month 18 results greatest improvement reported 4 months continued reduction eating disorder symptomatology reported month 7 18 18 months 146 n 748 participants intgsh group 25 n 728 bibgsh group abstinent binge eating compensatory measures 438 n 2148 392 n 1128 respectively remission differences regarding outcome two groups found conclusions internetbased guided selfhelp bulimia nervosa superior compared bibliotherapy gold standard selfhelp improvements remain stable long term
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.176628
|
Peter M. Wayne|Richard Hammerschlag|Jacqueline Savetsky-German|Tim F. Chapman
|
Attitudes and Interests Toward Research Among Students at Two Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
| 2,010 | null |
background collaborative input clinicians acupuncture oriental medicine aom required sound aom research aom training institutions begun include research education curriculum however attempts made systematically evaluate aom practitioners perspectives value research profession methods conducted surveys aom students two institutions begun integrate research training curriculum new england school acupuncture oregon college oriental medicine surveys conducted assess current attitudes regarding value research serve reference point documenting impact ongoing research training programs attitudes surveys institutions independently developed administered shared seven questions phrased similarly paper summarizes responses questions results surveys institutions suggest interest research among aom students high firstyear students students later years showed lower level interest crosssectional design survey allow temporal effects inferred results also indicate aom students believe research highly relevant public health insurance industry view system healthcare highly relevant clinical practice aom belief research limited relevance clinical practice associated widespread belief scientific methods may consistent principles aom conclusions results surveys provide important preliminary information attitudes aom students toward research thus value future specific needs research training programs targeting population repeated implementation validated versions surveys needed confirm trends report evaluate impact research training programs already place aom students attitudes toward research
|
https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2013.09
|
Paul Han|Elizabeth Scharnetzki|Aaron M. Scherer|Alistair Thorpe|Christine W. Lary|Leo Waterston|Angela Fagerlin|Nathan F. Dieckmann
|
Communicating Scientific Uncertainty About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Online Experimental Study of an Uncertainty-Normalizing Strategy
| 2,021 |
Maine Medical Center|Maine Medical Center Research Institute|Maine Medical Center|Maine Medical Center Research Institute|University of Iowa|University of Utah|Maine Medical Center|Maine Medical Center Research Institute|Maine Medical Center|Maine Medical Center Research Institute|University of Utah|VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System|Oregon Health & Science University
|
background communicating scientific uncertainty public health threats covid19 ethically desirable task endorsed expert guidelines crisis communication however communication scientific uncertainty challenging potential promote ambiguity aversiona welldescribed syndrome negative psychological responses consisting heightened risk perceptions emotional distress decision avoidance communication strategies inform public scientific uncertainty mitigating ambiguity aversion critical unmet need objective study aimed evaluate whether uncertaintynormalizing communication strategyaimed reinforcing expected nature scientific uncertainty covid19 pandemiccan reduce ambiguity aversion compare effectiveness conventional public communication strategies aimed promoting hope prosocial values methods online factorial experiment conducted may june 2020 national sample 1497 us adults read one five versions informational message describing nature transmission prevention treatment covid19 versions varied level expressed scientific uncertainty supplemental focus ie uncertaintynormalizing hopepromoting prosocial participants completed measures cognitive emotional behavioral manifestations ambiguity aversion ie perceived likelihood getting covid19 covid19 worry intentions covid19 riskreducing behaviors vaccination analyses assessed 1 extent communicating uncertainty produced ambiguityaverse psychological responses 2 comparative effectiveness uncertaintynormalizing hopepromoting prosocial communication strategies reducing ambiguityaverse responses 3 potential moderators effects alternative uncertainty communication strategies results communication scientific uncertainty covid19 pandemic increased perceived likelihood getting covid19 worry covid19 consistent ambiguity aversion however affect intentions riskreducing behaviors vaccination uncertaintynormalizing strategy reduced aversive effects communicating scientific uncertainty resulting levels perceived likelihood getting covid19 worry covid19 differ control message communicate uncertainty contrast hopepromoting prosocial strategies decrease ambiguityaverse responses scientific uncertainty age political affiliation respectively moderated effects uncertainty communication strategies intentions covid19 riskreducing behaviors worry covid19 conclusions communicating scientific uncertainty covid19 pandemic produces ambiguityaverse cognitive emotional behavioral responses among general public uncertaintynormalizing communication strategy reduces responses normalizing uncertainty may effective strategy mitigating ambiguity aversion crisis communication efforts research needed test uncertaintynormalizing communication strategies elucidate factors moderate effectiveness
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12573
|
Deborah Chinn
|
Review of Interventions to Enhance the Health Communication of People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Communicative Health Literacy Perspective
| 2,016 |
Florence Nightingale Foundation|King's College London
|
background communicative health literacy term relating range competencies capabilities patients bring task seeking information health sharing others exchange problematic people intellectual disabilities aim review synthesize findings interventions designed improve health communication people intellectual disabilities materials method available evidence systematically reviewed findings 14 articles synthesized narrative review results conclusions interventions addressed communicative aspects health consultations taking account emotional factors social context questions remain interventions might impact reallife health consultations issues power might resolved
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12352
|
Mani Chandran|Prathap Tharyan|Jayaprakash Muliyil|Sunil Abraham
|
Post-partum depression in a cohort of women from a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India
| 2,002 |
Christian Medical College|Christian Medical College & Hospital|Christian Medical College|Vellore Institute of Technology University|Christian Medical College & Hospital|Christian Medical College|Vellore Institute of Technology University|Christian Medical College & Hospital|Christian Medical College|Vellore Institute of Technology University
|
background communitybased epidemiological data postpartum depression developing countries scarce aims determine incidence risk factors developing postpartum depression cohort women living rural south india method assessed 359 women last trimester pregnancy 612 weeks delivery depression putative risk factors results incidence postpartum depression 11 95 ci 71149 low income birth daughter son desired relationship difficulties motherinlaw parents adverse life events pregnancy lack physical help risk factors onset postpartum depression conclusions depression occurred frequently late pregnancy delivery developed countries cultural differences risk factors findings implications policies regarding maternal childcare programmes
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004265.pub3
|
Jeanne Jackson|Deborah Mandel|Jeanine Blanchard|Michael Carlson|Barbara Cherry|Stanley P. Azen|Chih Ping Chou|Maryalice Jordan?Marsh|Todd Forman|Brett White|Douglas A. Granger|Bob G. Knight|Florence Clark
|
Confronting challenges in intervention research with ethnically diverse older adults: the USC Well Elderly II Trial
| 2,009 |
University of Southern California|University of Southern California|University of Southern California|University of Southern California|California State University, Fullerton|University of Southern California|University of Southern California|University of Southern California|University of Southern California|University of Southern California|Pennsylvania State University|University of Southern California|University of Southern California
|
background communitydwelling older adults risk declines physical health cognition psychosocial wellbeing however enactment active healthpromoting lifestyles reduce declines purpose purpose article describe usc well elderly ii study randomized clinical trial designed test effectiveness healthy lifestyle program elders document various methodological challenges addressed course trial methods study 460 ethnically diverse elders recruited variety sites urban los angeles area enrolled randomized experiment involving crossover design component within either first second 6month phase study involvement elder received lifestyle intervention designed improve variety aging outcomes 45 time points 1824 month interval research participants assessed measures healthy activity coping social support perceived control stressrelated biomarkers perceived physical health psychosocial wellbeing cognitive functioning test effectiveness intervention document process mechanisms responsible effects results study protocol successfully implemented including enrollment study sites recruitment 460 older adults administration intervention adherence plan assessment establishment large computerized data base limitations methodological challenges encountered areas site recruitment participant recruitment testing intervention delivery conclusions completion clinical trials involving elders numerous local sites requires careful oversight anticipation threats study design stem social situations particular specific study sites b physical functional social challenges pertaining elder population clinical trials 2009 6 90101 httpctjsagepubcom
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd004794.pub3
|
Debbie Gooch|Charles Hulme|Hannah Nash|Margaret J. Snowling
|
Comorbidities in preschool children at family risk of dyslexia
| 2,013 |
Royal Holloway University of London|University College London|University College London|University of Oxford
|
background comorbidity among developmental disorders dyslexia language impairment attention deficithyperactivity disorder developmental coordination disorder common study explores comorbid weaknesses preschool children family risk dyslexia without language impairment considers role comorbidity plays determining childrens outcomes method preschool attention executive function motor skills 112 children family risk dyslexia 29 also met criteria language impairment assessed ages 3 4 years performance children compared performance children language impairment typically developing controls results weaknesses attention executive function motor skills associated language impairment rather family risk status individual differences language executive function strongly related preschool period preschool motor skills predicted unique variance 4 early reading skills childrens language ability conclusion comorbidity developmental disorders observed preschool years children language impairment significant persistent weaknesses motor skills executive function compared without language impairment childrens early language motor skills predictors childrens later reading skills
|
https://doi.org/10.1097/psy.0000000000000129
|
Priya Vart|Josef Coresh|Lucia Kwak|Shoshana H. Ballew|Gerardo Heiss|Kunihiro Matsushita
|
Socioeconomic Status and Incidence of Hospitalization With Lower?Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
| 2,017 |
Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Johns Hopkins University
|
background compared coronary heart disease heart failure stroke relationship low socioeconomic status ses peripheral artery disease pad less well established examined association ses incidence hospitalization pad explored whether association explained traditional cardiovascular risk factors healthcare access methods results total 12 517 participants atherosclerosis risk communities aric study 19871989 prior pad examined individuallevel ses assessed household income low lt12 000year medium 12 000 24 999year high 25 000year double approximate values 2016 educational attainment lthigh school high school gthigh school arealevel ses area deprivation index quintiles median followup 236 interquartile range 196245 years 433 participants hospitalization pad cox proportional hazards regression analysis demographically adjusted hazard ratio 242 181323 low household income 208 160269 low educational attainment 218 135353 deprived neighborhoods compared high ses counterparts adjustment traditional cardiovascular risk factors heath care access associations attenuated remained significant particularly income education results consistent stratified race p values interaction gt02 ses parameters conclusions low individual arealevel ses strong predictors hospitalization pad part due increased prevalence cardiovascular risk factors poor access care groups additional risk factors may also need identified acted eliminate ses disparities pad hospitalization
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/24097
|
Gabriela Topa|Adrián Segura|Sergio Villagran Pérez Villagran Pérez
|
Gender differences in retirement planning: A longitudinal study among Spanish Registered Nurses
| 2,018 |
National University of Distance Education|Universidad de Huelva|National University of Distance Education
|
background consistent patterns gender differences retirement planning behaviours shown little known behaviours among nurses aims analyse antecedents behaviours prepare retirement nurses older 55 identify differences function gender methods twowave longitudinal study spanish nurses n 132 results statistically significant gender differences revealed specifically paths financial knowledge public protection selfinsurance well paths goals clarity public protection differed gender conclusions patterns retirement planning differentiated gender apparently continue emerge implications nursing management study adds evidence showing female nurses continue rely public protection solid support retirement despite greater awareness importance health care social relations savings finance neglected female nurses intervention aimed fostering financial literacy entire nursing population particularly access women training secondly given differences persist advance planning social actions protect living alone economically helpless old age
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/29955
|
Lynne Murray|Leonardo De Pascalis|Mark Tomlinson|Zahir Vally|Harold Dadomo|Brenda MacLachlan|Charlotte Woodward|Peter Cooper
|
Randomized controlled trial of a book?sharing intervention in a deprived South African community: effects on carer–infant interactions, and their relation to infant cognitive and socioemotional outcome
| 2,016 |
University of Reading|Stellenbosch University|University of Cape Town|University of Reading|Stellenbosch University|University of Reading|University of Parma|University of Reading|University of Bath|University of Reading|Stellenbosch University|University of Cape Town
|
background consistent evidence highincome countries hic previously showed informal periurban settlement lowmiddle income country training parents book sharing infants benefitted infant language attention vally murray tomlinson amp cooper investigated whether benefits explained improvements carerinfant interactions booksharing nonbooksharing contexts also explored whether infant socioemotional development benefitted book sharing methods conducted randomized controlled trial khayelitsha south africa carers 1416monthold infants randomized 8 weeks training book sharing n 49 waitlist control group n 42 addition cognitive measures reported previously independent assessments made base line followup carerinfant interactions book sharing toy play assessments also made followup infant prosocial behaviour help task infant imitation doll characters nonsocial actions interpersonal interaction eightytwo carerinfant pairs 90 assessed followup trial registration isrctn 39953901 results carers received training showed significant improvements booksharing interactions sensitivity elaborations reciprocity smaller extent toyplay interactions sensitivity infants intervention group showed significantly higher rate prosocial behaviour tended show frequent imitation interpersonal interaction improvements carer behaviour book sharing toy play mediated intervention effects infant cognitive outcomes tended mediate intervention effects infant interpersonal imitation conclusions training book sharing simple inexpensive intervention shown benefit infant cognitive development lowmiddle income country also shows promise improving infant socioemotional outcomes context benefits mediated improvements carerinfant interactions particularly booksharing contexts
|
https://doi.org/10.3310/hsdr08370
|
Chris Smith|Judy Gold|Tho?i D. Ngô|Colin Sumpter|Caroline Free
|
Mobile phone-based interventions for improving contraception use
| 2,015 |
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Innovations for Poverty Action|Whitney Museum of American Art|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
|
background contraception provides significant benefits womens childrens health yet estimated 225 million women unmet need modern contraceptive methods 2014 interventions delivered mobile phone demonstrated effective health areas effects use contraception established objectives assess effects mobile phonebased interventions improving contraception use search methods searched randomised controlled trials rcts clientprovider interventions delivered mobile phone improve contraception use compared standard care another intervention searched electronic databases cochrane central register controlled trials central medline embase global health psycinfo popline africawide information latin american caribbean health sciences literature lilacs january 1993 october 2014 well clinical trials registries online mhealth resources abstracts key conferences selection criteria randomised controlled trials mobile phonebased interventions improve form contraception use amongst users potential users contraception outcome measures included uptake contraception measures adherence pregnancy abortion data collection analysis two review authors independently screened titles abstracts studies retrieved using search strategy extracted data included studies calculated mantelhaenszel risk ratio rr dichotomous outcomes mean difference md continuous outcomes together 95 confidence intervals cis differences interventions outcome measures permit us undertake metaanalysis main results five rcts met inclusion criteria three trials aimed improve adherence specific method contraception amongst existing new contraception users comparing automated text message interventions versus standard care two trials aimed improve uptake adherence limited one method users nonusers contraception trials low risk bias areas assessed one trial usa reported improved self reported oral contraceptive oc continuation six months intervention comprising range unidirectional interactive text messages rr 119 95 ci 105 135 one trial cambodia reported increased self reported use effective contraception four months post abortion intervention comprising automated interactive voice messages phone counsellor support rr 139 95 ci 117 166 one feasibility trial usa reported lower mean number days scheduled completed attendance first subsequent depoprovera appointments using clinic records intervention comprising reminders healthy self management text messages mean difference md 860 days 95 ci 1674 046 simple text message oc reminders effect missed pills assessed electronic medication monitoring small trial usa md 05 missed pills 95 ci 108 208 effect self reported contraception use noted amongst isotretinoin users intervention provided health information via two unidirectional text messages mail rr 126 95 ci 084 189 one trial assessed potential adverse effects intervention reported evidence road traffic accidents domestic abuse authors conclusions review provides limited evidence interventions delivered mobile phone improve contraception use whilst evidence suggests series interactive voice messages counsellor support improve postabortion contraception mixture unidirectional interactive daily educational text messages improve oc adherence costeffectiveness longterm effects interventions remain unknown highquality trials required robustly establish effects interventions delivered mobile phone improve contraception use
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/19827
|
Prashant Kumar Singh|Rajesh Kumar|Manoj Alagarajan|Lucky Singh
|
Determinants of Maternity Care Services Utilization among Married Adolescents in Rural India
| 2,012 |
International Institute for Population Sciences|Hebrew University of Jerusalem|International Institute for Population Sciences|International Institute for Population Sciences
|
background coupled largest number maternal deaths adolescent pregnancy india received paramount importance due early age marriage low contraceptive use factors associated utilization maternal healthcare services among married adolescents rural india poorly discussed methodologyprincipal findings using data third wave national family health survey 200506 available public domain use researchers paper examines factors associated utilization maternal healthcare services among married adolescent women aged 1519 years rural india three components maternal healthcare service utilization measured full antenatal care safe delivery postnatal care within 42 days delivery women gave births last five years preceding survey considering framework causes maternal mortality proposed thaddeus maine 1994 selected socioeconomic demographic cultural factors influencing outcome events included predictor variables bivariate analyses including chisquare test determine difference proportion logistic regression understand net effect predictor variables selected outcomes applied findings indicate significant differences use selected maternal healthcare utilization educational attainment economic status region residence muslim women women belonged scheduled castes scheduled tribes backward classes less likely avail safe delivery services additionally adolescent women southern region utilizing highest maternal healthcare services regions conclusions present study documents several socioeconomic cultural factors affecting utilization maternal healthcare services among rural adolescent women india ongoing healthcare programs start targeting household married adolescent women belonging poor specific subgroups population rural areas address unmet need maternal healthcare service utilization
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/19013
|
Ying He|Aliyu Aliyu|Mark Evans|Cunjin Luo
|
Health Care Cybersecurity Challenges and Solutions Under the Climate of COVID-19: Scoping Review
| 2,021 |
University of Nottingham|De Montfort University|De Montfort University|Southwest Medical University|University of Essex
|
background covid19 challenged resilience health care information system affected ability achieve global goal health wellbeing pandemic resulted number recent cyberattacks hospitals pharmaceutical companies us department health human services world health organization partners others objective aim review identify key cybersecurity challenges solutions adapted health sector areas improvement needed counteract recent increases cyberattacks eg phishing campaigns ransomware attacks used attackers exploit vulnerabilities technology people introduced changes working practices response covid19 pandemic methods scoping review conducted searching two major scientific databases pubmed scopus using search formula covid healthcare cybersecurity reports news articles industry white papers also included related directly previously published works available sources time writing articles english published last decade included ie 20112020 order focus current issues challenges solutions results identified 9 main challenges cybersecurity 11 key solutions health care organizations adapted address challenges 4 key areas need strengthened terms cybersecurity capacity health sector also found prominent significant methods cyberattacks occurred pandemic related phishing ransomware distributed denialofservice attacks malware conclusions scoping review identified impactful methods cyberattacks targeted health sector covid19 pandemic well challenges cybersecurity solutions areas need improvement provided useful insights health sector cybersecurity issues covid19 pandemic well epidemics pandemics may materialize future
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.1.62
|
Hathairat Kosiyaporn|Sunicha Chanvatik|Tibet Issaramalai|Wanwisa Kaewkhankhaeng|Anond Kulthanmanusorn|Nithiwat Saengruang|Woranan Witthayapipopsakul|Shaheda Viriyathorn|Supapat Kirivan|Watinee Kunpeuk|Rapeepong Suphanchaimat|Angkana Lekagul|Viroj Tangcharoensathien
|
Surveys of knowledge and awareness of antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance in general population: A systematic review
| 2,020 |
Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health|Department of Disease Control|Ministry of Public Health|Ministry of Public Health
|
background currently various tools exist evaluate knowledge awareness antibiotic use antimicrobial resistance amr applied various organizations previous systematic reviews focused mainly study findings levels knowledge amr awareness however survey procedures data instruments used ought scrutinized well since important contributors credible results review aims assess study methods procedures existing populationbased surveys explore key components determine general populations levels knowledge awareness antibiotic use amr methods searched existing literature population based surveys sought knowledge awareness antibiotic use amr general population databases searched included ovid medline embase psycinfo scopus domestic journals gray literature sources populationbased crosssectional studies published english thai january 2000 december 2018 included review quality assessment conducted using appraisal tool crosssectional studies axis results 22 studies included analysis clear objectives focusing assessing peoples levels knowledge awareness attitudes behavior relating antibiotic use awareness amr studies employed appropriate methodologies populationbased crosssectional surveys relative research questions half studies 14 22 scientifically soundly designed methodologies captured representativeness population whereas remaining studies unclear sample size estimations inappropriate sample frames selection biases half studies tested validity reliability questionnaire common questions used surveys categorized four themes behavior related antibiotic use knowledge awareness antibiotic use knowledge awareness amr others receiving information antibiotic use amr crosscutting issues like selfmedication conclusion review identified four key features good practices antibiotic use awareness surveys clear survey objective b scientifically sound sampling techniques ensuring representativeness c strategies recruitment samples survey administration methods credible measurement prevent nonsampling biases questionnaire design health systems context terms access health services antibiotics taken account conclusion maximize use surveys application findings surveys associated factors related antibiotic use amr primarily generate public health interventions target specific groups make progress solving amr problems
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.11.003
|
Kim Boggess|Diana M. Urlaub|Katie E. Massey|Merry-K Moos|Matthew B. Matheson|Carol Lorenz
|
Oral Hygiene Practices and Dental Service Utilization Among Pregnant Women
| 2,010 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
|
background daily oral hygiene regular dental visits important components oral health care authorsapos objective study examine womenaposs oral hygiene practices use dental services pregnancy methods authors developed written oral health questionnaire administered 599 pregnant women collected demographic information well data oral hygiene practices use dental services pregnancy used 2 boggess ka society maternalfetal medicine publications committee maternal oral health pregnancy obstet gynecol 2008 111 976986 crossref pubmed scopus 65 google scholar multivariable logistic regression models assess associations oral hygiene practice dental service use pregnancy identify maternal predictor variables results 599 participants 83 percent n 497 reported brushing twice per day twentyfour percent n 141 reported flossing least daily hispanic women likely floss white african american women 28 percent 52 183 versus 22 percent 54 248 versus 19 percent 23 121 respectively p 001 seventyfour percent n 442 participants reported received routine dental care pregnancy hispanic women significantly less likely black white women receive routine dental care pregnancy 13 percent versus 21 percent versus 36 percent respectively p 001 authors found older 36 years hispanic race ethnicity annual income less 30000 flossing infrequently receiving dental care pregnant significantly associated lack routine dental care pregnancy adjusted odds ratios 95 percent confidence intervals 256 133492 219 111429 202 112365 186 113307 435 25769 respectively womanaposs lack receiving routine dental care pregnant significant predictor lack receiving dental care pregnancy conclusion racial ethnic economic disparities related oral hygiene practices dental service utilization pregnancy exist clinical implications medical dental care providers treat women reproductive age pregnant women need develop policy strategies address populationaposs access barriers use dental care services
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/19091
|
Megan Coylewright|Megan E. Branda|Jonathan Inselman|Nilay D. Shah|Erik P. Hess|Annie LeBlanc|Víctor M. Montori|Henry H. Ting
|
Impact of Sociodemographic Patient Characteristics on the Efficacy of Decision Aids
| 2,014 |
Mayo Clinic in Florida|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Mayo Clinic in Florida|Mayo Clinic in Florida
|
background decision aids das increase patient knowledge reduce decisional conflict promote shared decision making sdm extent across diverse sociodemographic patient groups unknown methods results conducted patientlevel metaanalysis 7 randomized trials da versus usual care comprising 771 encounters patients clinicians discussing treatment options chest pain myocardial infarction diabetes mellitus osteoporosis using random effects model examined impact sociodemographic patient characteristics age sex education income insurance status outcomes knowledge transfer decisional conflict patient involvement sdm small numbers people color study population powered investigate role race patients aged 65 years 61 white 94 women 59 two thirds greater high school education compared usual care da patients gained knowledge likely know risk less decisional conflict along greater involvement sdm gains largely consistent across sociodemographic patient groups das demonstrating similar efficacy used vulnerable patients elderly less income less formal education differences efficacy found knowledge risk 1 subgroup greater efficacy among higher education 35 versus 18 p 002 conclusions patientlevel metaanalysis 7 randomized trials das efficacious across diverse sociodemographic groups measured knowledge transfer decisional conflict patient involvement sdm extent das increase patient knowledge participation sdm potential impact health disparities related factors
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/25042
|
Alan L. Kaplan|Catherine M. Crespi|Josemanuel Saucedo|Sarah E. Connor|Mark S. Litwin|Christopher S. Saigal
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Decisional conflict in economically disadvantaged men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer: Baseline results from a shared decision?making trial
| 2,014 |
University of California, Los Angeles|University of California, Los Angeles|University of California, Los Angeles|University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA Health|University of California, Los Angeles
|
background decisional conflict source anxiety stress men diagnosed prostate cancer given uncertainty surrounding myriad treatment options data exist help clinicians identify patients risk decisional conflict purpose study examine factors associated decisional conflict economically disadvantaged men diagnosed prostate cancer treatment choices made methods total 70 men surveyed veterans administration clinic newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer enrolled randomized trial testing novel shared decisionmaking tool baseline demographic clinical functional data collected independent variables included age race education comorbidity relationship status urinarysexual dysfunction prostate cancer knowledge tested outcomes decisional conflict scale uncertainty subscale perceived effectiveness subscale multiple linear regression modeling used identify factors associated decisional conflict results mean age 63 years 49 african american 70 reported income less 30000 poor prostate cancer knowledge associated increased decisional conflict higher uncertainty p lt 001 p 0001 respectively poor knowledge also associated lower perceived effectiveness p 0003 whereas relationship associated higher decisional conflict p 003 conclusions decreased patient knowledge prostate cancer associated increased decisional conflict lower perceived effective decisionmaking interventions increase comprehension prostate cancer treatments may reduce decisional conflict work needed better characterize relationship identify effective targeted interventions cancer 201412027212727 2014 american cancer society
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253890
|
Enying Gong|Shaira Baptista|Anthony Russell|Paul Scuffham|Michaela A Riddell|Jane Speight|Dominique Bird|Emily D. Williams|Mojtaba Lotfaliany|Brian Oldenburg
|
My Diabetes Coach, a Mobile App–Based Interactive Conversational Agent to Support Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: Randomized Effectiveness-Implementation Trial
| 2,020 |
University of Melbourne|Diabetes Australia|University of Melbourne|University of Queensland|Princess Alexandra Hospital|Griffith University|UNSW Sydney|Diabetes Australia|Deakin University|University of Melbourne|University of Queensland|University of Surrey|University of Melbourne|University of Melbourne
|
background delivering selfmanagement support people type 2 diabetes mellitus essential reduce health system burden empower people skills knowledge confidence needed take active role managing health objective study aims evaluate adoption use effectiveness diabetes coach mdc program appbased interactive embodied conversational agent laura designed support diabetes selfmanagement home setting 12 months methods randomized controlled trial evaluated implementation effectiveness mdc program adults type 2 diabetes australia recruited randomized intervention arm mdc control arm usual care program use tracked 12 months coprimary outcomes included changes glycated hemoglobin hba1c healthrelated quality life hrqol data assessed baseline 6 12 months analyzed using linear mixedeffects regression models results total 187 adults type 2 diabetes mean 57 years sd 10 years 417 women recruited randomly allocated intervention n93 control n94 arms mdc program users 9293 participants completed 1942 chats laura averaging 243 min sd 212 per person 12 months compared baseline mean estimated hba1c decreased arms 12 months intervention 033 control 020 net differences two arms change hba1c 004 95 ci 045 036 p83 statistically significant 12 months hrqol utility scores improved intervention arm compared control arm betweenarm difference 004 95 ci 000 007 p04 conclusions mdc program successfully adopted used individuals type 2 diabetes significantly improved users hrqol findings suggest potential wider implementation technologyenabled conversationbased programs supporting diabetes selfmanagement future studies focus strategies maintain program usage hba1c improvement trial registration australia new zealand clinical trials registry actrn 12614001229662 httpsanzctrorgautrialregistrationtrialreviewaspxactrn12614001229662
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209505
|
Ingrid Arévalo-Rodríguez|Nadja Smailagic|Marta Roqué i Figuls|Agustín Ciapponi|Erick Sanchez-Perez|Antri Giannakou|Olga Lucía Pedraza|Xavier Bonfill Cosp|Sarah Cullum
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Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
| 2,015 |
Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud|University of Cambridge|Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública|Hospital Universitario Infantil San José|University of Bristol|Hospital Universitario Infantil San José|Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública|Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona|University of Bristol
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background dementia progressive global cognitive impairment syndrome 2010 35 million people worldwide estimated living dementia people mild cognitive impairment mci progress dementia others remain stable recover full function great interest finding good predictors dementia people mci minimental state examination mmse bestknown often used short screening tool providing overall measure cognitive impairment clinical research community settings objectives determine diagnostic accuracy mmse various thresholds detecting individuals baseline mci would clinically convert dementia general alzheimers disease dementia forms dementia followup search methods searched alois cochrane dementia cognitive improvement specialized register diagnostic intervention studies inception may 2014 medline ovidsp 1946 may 2014 embase ovidsp 1980 may 2014 biosis web science inception may 2014 web science core collection including conference proceedings citation index isi web science inception may 2014 psycinfo ovidsp inception may 2014 lilacs bireme 1982 may 2014 also searched specialized sources diagnostic test accuracy studies reviews recently may 2014 medion universities maastricht leuven wwwmediondatabasenl dare database abstracts reviews effects via cochrane library hta database health technology assessment database via cochrane library arif university birmingham uk wwwarifbhamacuk language date restrictions applied electronic searches methodological filters used method restrict search overall maximize sensitivity also checked reference lists relevant studies reviews tracked citations scopus science citation index used searches known relevant studies pubmed track related articles contacted research groups conducting work mmse dementia diagnosis try locate possibly relevant unpublished data selection criteria considered longitudinal studies results mmse administered mci participants baseline obtained reference standard obtained followup time included participants recruited clinically classified individuals mci petersen revised petersen criteria matthews criteria clinical dementia rating 05 used acceptable commonly used reference standards dementia general alzheimers dementia lewy body dementia vascular dementia frontotemporal dementia data collection analysis screened titles generated electronic database searches two review authors independently assessed abstracts potentially relevant studies assessed identified full papers eligibility extracted data create two two tables dementia general dementias two authors independently performed quality assessment using quadas2 tool due high heterogeneity scarcity data derived estimates sensitivity fixed values specificity model fitted produce summary receiver operating characteristic curve main results review included 11 heterogeneous studies total number 1569 mci patients followed conversion dementia four studies assessed role baseline scores mmse conversion mci allcause dementia eight studies assessed test conversion mci alzheimers disease dementia one study provided information mmse conversion mci vascular dementia conversion mci dementia general accuracy baseline mmse scores ranged sensitivities 23 76 specificities 40 94 relationship conversion mci alzheimers disease dementia accuracy baseline mmse scores ranged sensitivities 27 89 specificities 32 90 one study provided information conversion mci vascular dementia presenting sensitivity 36 specificity 80 incidence vascular dementia 62 although planned explore possible sources heterogeneity undertaken due scarcity studies included analysis authors conclusions review find evidence supporting substantial role mmse standalone singleadministration test identification mci patients could develop dementia clinicians could prefer request additional extensive tests sure management patients important aspect assess future updates conversion dementia mci stages could predicted better mmse changes time instead single measurements also important assess set tests rather isolated one may successful predicting conversion mci dementia
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/25600
|
Sirenda Vong|Virak Khieu|Olivier Glass|Sowath Ly|Veasna Duong|Rekol Huy|Ngan Chantha|Ole Wichmann|G. William Letson|Harold S. Margolis|Philippe Buchy
|
Dengue Incidence in Urban and Rural Cambodia: Results from Population-Based Active Fever Surveillance, 2006–2008
| 2,010 |
Institut Pasteur du Cambodge|Institut Pasteur du Cambodge|Institut Pasteur du Cambodge|Institut Pasteur du Cambodge|Institut Pasteur du Cambodge|Ministry of Health|Ministry of Health|International Vaccine Institute|International Vaccine Institute|International Vaccine Institute|Institut Pasteur du Cambodge
|
background dengue vaccines latestage development evaluation robust estimates dengue disease burden needed facilitate development introduction cambodia national dengue casedefinition allows reporting children less 16 years age little known dengue burden rural areas among older persons estimate true burden dengue largest province cambodia kampong cham conducted communitybased active dengue fever surveillance among 0to19year age group rural villages urban areas 20062008 methods findings active surveillance febrile illness conducted 32 villages 10 urban areas mothers trained use digital thermometers combined weekly home visits identify persons fever investigation team visited families febrile persons obtain informed consent participation followup study included collection personal data blood specimens denguerelated febrile illness defined using molecular serological testing paired acute convalescent blood samples three years surveillance 6121 fever episodes identified 736 laboratoryconfirmed dengue virus denv infections incidences 1345781000 personseasons average incidence highest among children less 7 years age 4111000 personseasons lowest among 16to19year age group 1131000 personseasons distribution dengue highly focal incidence rates villages urban areas ranging 1521151000 personseasons median 365 denv3 outbreak 2007 rural areas affected urban areas incidence 71 vs 171000 personseasons p0001 conclusion largescale active surveillance study dengue fever cambodia found higher disease incidence reported national surveillance system particularly preschool children disease incidence high rural urban areas also confirmed previously observed focal nature dengue virus transmission
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254988
|
Terika McCall|Meagan Foster|Todd A. Schwartz
|
Attitudes Toward Seeking Mental Health Services and Mobile Technology to Support the Management of Depression Among Black American Women: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
| 2,023 |
Yale University|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
|
background depression common mental health condition among black american women many factors may contribute development depressive symptoms gender racial discrimination financial strain chronic health conditions caregiving responsibilities barriers stigmatization mental illness less access treatment lack inadequate health insurance mistrust providers limited health literacy prevent marginalized populations seeking care previous literature shown mobile health interventions effective increase access mental health services resources objective aimed understand attitudes perceptions black women toward using mental health services determine acceptability concerns using mobile technology ie voice call video call sms text messaging mobile app support management depression methods launched selfadministered webbased questionnaire october 2019 closed january 2020 women aged 18 years identify black african american multiracial defined black african american another race eligible participate survey consisted approximately 70 questions included topics attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help acceptability using mobile phone receive mental health care screening depression results findings n395 showed younger black women likely greater severity depression older counterparts results also revealed black women favorable views toward seeking mental health services respondents comfortable use voice calls video calls communicate professional receive support managing depression comparison sms text messaging mobile apps results revealed higher helpseeking propensity increased odds indicating agreement use voice calls video calls communicate professional receive support managing depression 27 38 respectively however statistically significant odds ratios pgt05 found helpseeking propensity respondents agreement use mobile apps sms text messaging moderate severe depression severity increased odds using mobile apps communicate professional receive support managing depression 43 however statistically significant odds ratios existed modalities privacy confidentiality communication issues eg misinterpreting text impersonal feeling communicating mobile phone eg sms text messaging primary concerns conclusions black american women general favorable views toward seeking mental health services comfortable use mobile technology receive support managing depression future work address issues access consider preferences cultural appropriateness resources provided
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd009133.pub2
|
Paulo Ruíz-Grosso|Christian Loret de Mola|Johann M. Vega?Dienstmaier|Jorge Arévalo|Kristhy Chavez|Ana Rosa Vilela Sangay|Maria Lazo|Julio Huapaya
|
Validation of the Spanish Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scales: A Comparative Validation Study
| 2,012 |
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia|Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia|Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia|Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia|Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia|Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia|Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia|Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia|Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
|
background depressive disorders leading contributors burden disease developing countries research aiming improve diagnosis treatment fundamental settings psychometric tools widely used instruments support mental health research aim validate compare psychometric properties spanish versions center epidemiological studies depression scale cesd zung selfrating depression scale zsds methodologyprincipal findings spanish version cesd revised 5 native spanish speaking psychiatrists using reference english version locally standardized spanish version zsds used spanish versions administered 70 patients clinical diagnosis dsmiv major depressive episode mde 63 without major depression clinical diagnosis psychiatric disorders opd 61 evidence psychiatric disorders nep scales cronbachs alpha c hierarchical mcdonald omega polychoric variables md estimated receiver operating characteristics roc analysis performed cesd zsds scales c 093 089 respectively md 090 075 respectively area roc curve mdeopd 083 cesd 084 zsds mdenep 098 cesd 096 zsds cutoff scores co highest proportions correctly classified cc individuals among mdeopd 29 cesd sensitivity ss 771specificity sp 794cc 782 47 zsds ss 857sp 714cc 789 mdenep co 24 cesd ss 914sp 967cc 939 45 zsds ss 914sp 918cc 916 conclusion spanish versions cesd zsds valid instruments detect depression clinical settings could useful epidemiological research primary clinical settings settings similar public hospitals lima peru
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30034-5
|
Anouk Tuijnman|Marloes Kleinjan|Merlijn Olthof|Evert Hoogendoorn|Isabela Granic|Rutger C. M. E. Engels
|
A Game-Based School Program for Mental Health Literacy and Stigma on Depression (Moving Stories): Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
| 2,022 |
Radboud University Nijmegen|Trimbos Institute|Utrecht University|Trimbos Institute|Radboud University Nijmegen|McMaster University|Erasmus University Rotterdam
|
background depressive symptoms highly prevalent among adolescents western countries however although treatment depressive symptoms available many adolescents seek help need important barriers helpseeking among adolescents include low mental health literacy high stigma therefore developed gamebased school program moving stories combines mental health literacy training depression contact someone lived experience digital nondigital world objective aim study conduct first test effectiveness newly developed gamebased program moving stories using cluster randomized controlled trial methods total 185 adolescents participated divided 10 classes 4 schools half classes randomly selected follow moving stories program whereas half control group intervention provided adolescents filled digital questionnaires 4 time points questions mental health literacy stigma depressive symptoms program program program 3month followup 6month followup using r r foundation statistical computing ran linear mixedeffects models continuous outcome variables generalized linear mixedeffects models binary outcome variables results compared control group participants moving stories group improved program personal stigma b053 95 ci 102 003 t17916208 p04 effects personal stigma lasted time 3month followup b057 95 ci 111 003 t17439207 p04 adolescents moving stories group participated introduction 9799 98 contact session 9399 94 played game 4 5 days 8399 83 indicated would recommend game peers 9098 92 conclusions results study show potential moving stories stigma reduction program changes program improve effects mental health literacy moving stories could implemented schools improve helpseeking adolescents reduce negative consequences burden depressive symptoms trial registration dutch trial register ntr7033 httpstrialsearchwhointtrial2aspxtrialidntr7033 international registered report identifier irrid rr210219611255
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014459
|
Samantha Lau|Xingrong Lu|Lyn Balsamo|Meenakshi Devidas|Naomi Winick|Stephen P. Hunger|William L. Carroll|Linda C. Stork|Kelly W. Maloney|Nina S. Kadan?Lottick
|
Family life events in the first year of acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy: A children's oncology group report
| 2,014 |
Yale University|University of Florida|Yale University|University of Florida|The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center|Children's Hospital Colorado|University of Colorado Denver|New York University|Oregon Health & Science University|Children's Hospital Colorado|University of Colorado Denver|Yale University|Yale Cancer Center
|
background despite higher cure rates childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia may continue result considerable family strain sought measure incidence divorce reduced career opportunities changes work hours home relocation changes family planning one year diagnosis ii identify family patient factors associated events procedure conducted prospective cohort study 159 children average riskall enrolled treated cog protocol aall0331 31 selected sites eligibility criteria included age 2 years english spanish comprehension parents completed surveys three time points first 12 months therapy results parents significantly increased risk loss employment 46 vs 91 p 0001 peers nationally 13 divorcedseparated 27 relocated homes 22 decided children 51 declined occupational opportunities 68 decreased work hours adjusted analyses relocation correlated less maternal education 427 95 ci 1431282 declining parental opportunities associated family income lt50000 425 95 ci 1501202 child lt5 years old 421 95 ci 1731025 deciding children correlated smaller family size 23 versus 45 362 95 ci 1101196 conclusion families experience high incidence major life changes first year treatment understanding burdens helps health care providers provide appropriate anticipatory guidance support unifying factor associated different family events ongoing followup planned measure longterm outcomes pediatr blood cancer 20146122772284 2014 wiley periodicals inc
|
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4436
|
Yonas Getaye Tefera|Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie|Yohannes Kelifa Emiru|Ruth Yilma|Firdos Hafiz|Henok Akalu|Asnakew Achaw Ayele
|
Diabetic health literacy and its association with glycemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Ethiopia
| 2,020 |
University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar|University of Gondar
|
background despite much effect low health literacy diabetic treatment cannot accurate impact controlling blood glucose level less known diabetic health literacy ethiopian diabetic patients affect patient medication adherence selfcare glycemic control objective study aimed assess diabetic health literacy level association glycemic control among adult patients type 2 diabetes mellitus attending outpatient clinic university gondar comprehensive specialized hospital uogcsh northwest ethiopia methods crosssectional study employed outpatient clinic university gondar comprehensive specialized hospital may 1 may 30 2019 comprehensive 15items diabetic health literacy questions 5point likert scale used measure diabetic health literacy mean score calculated switched percentage 5 points 100 determine level diabetic health literacy morisky green levine scale 4 item adherence assessment tool used assess diabetic patients level adherence binary multivariable logistic regression analysis used assess association sociodemographic clinical variables diabeticrelated literacy glycemic control independent samples ttest oneway anova test employed compare mean literacy score difference different groups result 400 respondents included study respondents 173 263 565 low medium high diabeticrelated health literacy respectively proportions patients low medium high adherence medication 98 563 34 respectively patients high diabetes literacy 185 times likely achieve target glycemic control lower diabetic literacy patients 95 ci adjusted odds ratio aor 185109340 patients good adherence 161 times likely achieve target glycemic control patients low adherence 95 ci aor 161104479 diabetic patients morbidity 67 less likelihood achieve target glycemic control 95 ci aor 033015073 conclusion adequate diabetic health literacy better glycemic control highly correlated adjusting variables younger age high diabetic health literacy good adherence associated achieving target glycemic control
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/18476
|
Liam Wright|Andrew Steptoe|Daisy Fancourt
|
Are we all in this together? Longitudinal assessment of cumulative adversities by socioeconomic position in the first 3 weeks of lockdown in the UK
| 2,020 |
University College London|University College London|University College London
|
background despite media claims coronavirus disease 2019 covid19 uniting societies countries shared experience concern pandemic fact exposing widening existing inequalities within societies data shown differences cases fatalities data types adversities lacking therefore study explored changing patterns adversity relating covid19 pandemic socioeconomic position sep early weeks lockdown uk methods data 12 527 uk adults university college london covid19 social study panel study involves online weekly data collection participants covid19 pandemic analysed data collected 25 march 14 april 2020 sample wellstratified weighted population proportions gender age ethnicity education country living used poisson logit models assess 10 different types adverse experiences depending index sep time results clear gradient across number adverse events experienced week sep clearly seen adversities relating finances including loss employment cut income basic needs including access food medications less experiences directly relating virus inequalities maintained reductions discrepancies socioeconomic groups time conclusions clear inequalities adverse experiences covid19 pandemic early weeks lockdown uk results suggest measures taken try reduce adverse events go far enough tackling inequality
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.07.014
|
Richard K. Zimmerman|Tammy A. Santibanez|Janine E. Janosky|Michael J. Fine|Mahlon Raymund|Stephen Wilson|Inis Jane Bardella|Anne R. Medsger|Mary Patricia Nowalk
|
What affects influenza vaccination rates among older patients? An analysis from inner-city, suburban, rural, and veterans affairs practices
| 2,003 |
University of Pittsburgh|University of Pittsburgh|University of Pittsburgh|VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System|University of Pittsburgh|University of Pittsburgh Medical Center|University of Pittsburgh|University of Pittsburgh|University of Pittsburgh
|
background despite strong evidence effectiveness influenza vaccination immunization rates reached plateau 2010 national goals objective identify facilitators barriers vaccination diverse groups older patients methods survey conducted 2000 computerassisted telephone interviewing patients innercity health centers veterans affairs va outpatient clinics rural practices suburban practices inclusion criteria age 66 years office visit september 30 1998 results overall 1007 73 interviews completed among 1383 patients influenza vaccination rates 91 va clinics 79 rural practices 79 suburban practices 67 innercity health centers substantial variability vaccination rates among practices except va nearly persons vaccinated reported physicians recommended influenza vaccinations compared 63 unvaccinated patients p 0001 thirtyeight percent unvaccinated patients concerned would get influenza vaccine compared 6 vaccinated persons p 0001 sixtythree percent vaccinated contrast 22 unvaccinated persons thought unvaccinated person would probably contract influenza p 0001 conclusion older patients need intentional messages physicians recommend vaccination furthermore patient education needed counter myths adverse reactions
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168757
|
Suad Ghaddar|Kristina Vatcheva|Samantha G Alvarado|Laryssa Mykyta
|
Understanding the Intention to Use Telehealth Services in Underserved Hispanic Border Communities: Cross-Sectional Study
| 2,020 |
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley|The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley|The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley|United States Census Bureau
|
background despite united states one leading health care systems world underserved minority communities face significant access challenges communities benefit telehealth innovations promise improve health care access consequently health outcomes however little known attitudes toward telehealth communities essential first step toward effective adoption use objective purpose study assess factors shape behavioral intention use telehealth services underserved hispanic communities along texasmexico border examine role electronic health ehealth literacy telehealth use intention methods used crosssectional design collect data community health event along texasmexico border area characterized high poverty rates low educational attainment health care access challenges trained bilingual students conducted 322 inperson interviews 1week period survey instrument assessed sociodemographic information telehealthrelated variables attitudes toward telehealth measured asking participants indicate level agreement 9 statements reflecting different aspects telehealth use ehealth literacy used ehealth literacy scale eheals 8item scale designed measure consumer confidence finding evaluating acting upon ehealth information assess intention use telehealth asked participants likelihood would use telehealth services offered health care provider analyzed data using univariate multivariate mediation statistical models results participants primarily hispanic 310319 972 female 261322 811 average age 43 years almost threequarters 219298 reported annual household incomes 20000 healthwise 422 136322 selfrated health fair poor 797 255320 uninsured overwhelming majority 289319 906 never heard telehealth defined term participants exhibited positive attitudes toward telehealth 789 254322 reported somewhat likely likely use telehealth services offered health care provider based multivariate proportional odds regression analysis 1point increase telehealth attitudes reduced odds lower versus higher response intention use telehealth services 23 077 95 ci 073081 mediation analysis revealed telehealth attitudes fully mediated association ehealth literacy intention use telehealth services 1point increase eheals odds lower telehealth use decreased factor 095 5 095 95 ci 093098 plt001 via increase score telehealth attitudes conclusions telehealth promises address many access challenges facing ethnic racial minorities rural communities lowincome populations findings underscore importance raising awareness telehealth promoting ehealth literacy key step fostering positive attitudes toward telehealth furthering interest use
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144119
|
Cécile Vuillermoz|Stéphanie Vandentorren|Ruben Brondeel|Pierre Chauvin
|
Unmet healthcare needs in homeless women with children in the Greater Paris area in France
| 2,017 |
Institut Pierre Louis d‘Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique|Inserm|Sorbonne Université|Institut Pierre Louis d‘Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique|Inserm|Sorbonne Université|Santé Publique France|Public Health|Institut Pierre Louis d‘Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique|Inserm|Sorbonne Université|Institut Pierre Louis d‘Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique|Inserm|Sorbonne Université
|
background despite poor health status homeless women encounter many barriers care objectives study estimate prevalence unmet healthcare needs homeless women analyse associated relationships following factors financial spatial access care housing history migration status healthcare utilisation victimization history caring children social network selfperceived health status methods used data 656 homeless women interviewed enfams representative survey sheltered homeless families conducted paris region 2013 structural equation models sem used estimate impact various factors homeless womens unmet healthcare needs results among interviewed 251 95ci213290 least one unmet healthcare need previous year given visiting general practitioners medical specialists association factors related financial access health insurance status found however food insecurity poor spatial health access poor selfperceived health associated unmet healthcare needs selfperceived health appeared affected victimization depression discussion lower prevalence unmet healthcare needs homeless women compared women stable housing situations suggests homeless women lower needs perceptions andor lower expectations healthcare system hypothesis supported results sem strategies provide better access care population focus financial interventions also broadly spatial healthcare access cultural norms perceptions health reducing unmet needs improving access healthcare prevention must include improvement living financial housing conditions
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016420
|
Somphou Sayasone|Tippi K. Mak|Monely Vanmany|Oroth Rasphone|Penelope Vounatsou|Jürg Utzinger|Kongsap Akkhavong|Peter Odermatt
|
Helminth and Intestinal Protozoa Infections, Multiparasitism and Risk Factors in Champasack Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| 2,011 |
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute|University of Basel|National Institute of Public Health|Ministry of Health|Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute|University of Basel|National Institute of Public Health|Ministry of Health|Mahosot Hospital|Ministry of Health|University of Basel|Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute|Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute|University of Basel|National Institute of Public Health|Ministry of Health|Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute|University of Basel
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background detailed investigations multiparasitism scarce mekong river basin assessed helminth trematode nematode cestode intestinal protozoa infections multiparasitism random population samples three different ecoepidemiological settings champasack province southern lao peoples democratic republic lao pdr determined underlying risk factors methodology two stool samples collected 669 individuals aged 6 months consecutive days examined helminth infections using katokatz method additionally one stool sample per person subjected formalinethyl acetate concentration technique diagnosis helminth intestinal protozoa infections questionnaires administered obtain individual householdlevel data pertaining behavior demography socioeconomic status risk factors hepatobiliary intestinal parasitic infections multiparasitism determined using multiple logistic regressions analyses principal findings multiple species intestinal parasite infections common 866 study participants harbored least two seven different parasites concurrently regarding nematode infections hookworm prevalent species 768 followed ascaris lumbricoides 317 trichuris trichiura 250 regarding trematodes opisthorchis viverrini schistosoma mekongi infections found 643 242 participants respectively infections intestinal protozoa rare conclusionssignificance pressing need intensify sustain helminth control interventions southern part lao pdr given high prevalence nematode trematode infections extent multiparasitism preventive chemotherapy warranted intervention coupled health education improved access clean water adequate sanitation consolidate morbidity control enhance sustainability
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.300
|
Michel Dückers|Eva Alisic|Chris R. Brewin
|
A vulnerability paradox in the cross-national prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder
| 2,016 |
Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research|Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group|Monash University|University College London
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background determinants crossnational differences prevalence mental illness poorly understood aims test whether national posttraumatic stress disorder ptsd rates explained rates exposure trauma b countries overall cultural socioeconomic vulnerability adversity method collected general population studies lifetime ptsd trauma exposure measured using composite international diagnostic interview dsmiv ptsd prevalence identified 24 countries 86 687 respondents exposure 16 countries 53 038 respondents ptsd predicted using exposure vulnerability data results ptsd related positively exposure negatively country vulnerability together exposure vulnerability interaction explain approximately 75 variance national prevalence ptsd conclusions contrary expectations based individual risk factors identified paradox whereby greater country vulnerability associated decreased rather increased risk ptsd citizens
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2021.02.010
|
Mohsen Bayati|Akbarian Reza|Zahra Kavosi
|
Determinants of Life Expectancy in Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Health Production Function
| 2,013 |
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences|Shiraz University|Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
|
background determinants health health production function health economics literature constitute noticeable issues health promotion study aimed estimating health production function east mediterranean region emr based grossman theoretical model methods ecological study performed using econometric methods panel data model used order determine relationship life expectancy socioeconomic factors data 21 emr countries 1995 2007 used fixedeffectmodel employed estimate parameters based hausman test results estimating health production function factors income per capita 005 p0001 education index 007 p0001 food availability 001 p0001 level urbanisation 010 p0001 employment ratio 011 p0001 specified determinants health status proxied life expectancy birth notable result elasticity life expectancy respect employment rate significance level different males 013 p0001 females 008 p0001 conclusion order improve health status emr countries health policymakers focus factors lie outside healthcare system factors mainly associated economic growth development level thus economic stabilisation policies aim increasing productivity economic growth reducing unemployment play significant roles health status people region
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01932.x
|
Courtenay Norbury|Debbie Gooch|Charlotte Wray|Gillian Baird|Tony Charman|Emily Simonoff|George Vamvakas|Andrew Pickles
|
The impact of nonverbal ability on prevalence and clinical presentation of language disorder: evidence from a population study
| 2,016 |
University College London|Royal Holloway University of London|University College London|Royal Holloway University of London|Royal Holloway University of London|St Thomas' Hospital|King's College London|King's College London|King's College London|King's College London
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background diagnosis specific language impairment traditionally required nonverbal iq within normal limits often resulting restricted access clinical services children lower nviq changes dsm 5 criteria language disorder removed nviq requirement study sought delineate impact varying nviq criteria prevalence clinical presentation functional impact language disorder first uk population study language impairment school entry methods populationbased survey design sample weighting procedures used estimate population prevalence surveyed statemaintained reception classrooms n 161 61 eligible schools surrey england total population 12398 children ages 45 years 7267 59 screened stratified subsample n 529 received comprehensive assessment language nviq social emotional behavioural problems academic attainment results total population prevalence estimate language disorder 992 95 ci 738 1320 prevalence language disorder unknown origin estimated 758 95 ci 533 1066 prevalence language impairment associated intellectual disability andor existing medical diagnosis 234 95 ci 140 391 children language disorder displayed elevated symptoms social emotional behavioural problems relative peers f 1 466 788 p 05 88 make expected academic progress differences average lowaverage nviq scores severity language deficit social emotional behavioural problems educational attainment contrast children language impairments associated known medical diagnosis andor intellectual disability displayed severe deficits multiple measures conclusions school entry approximately two children every class 30 pupils experience language disorder severe enough hinder academic progress access specialist clinical services depend nviq
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2012.05.004
|
Zahir Vally|Lynne Murray|Mark Tomlinson|Peter Cooper
|
The impact of dialogic book?sharing training on infant language and attention: a randomized controlled trial in a deprived South African community
| 2,014 |
University of Reading|University of Reading|Stellenbosch University|Stellenbosch University|University of Reading|Stellenbosch University
|
background dialogic booksharing interactive form shared reading shown high income countries hic significant benefit child cognitive development evidence benefit low middle income countries lmic scarce although feasibility study produced encouraging findings accordingly aimed establish impact child language attention providing training dialogic booksharing carers infants impoverished south african community methods conducted randomized controlled trial khayelitsha informal settlement south africa mothers infants aged 14 16 months recruited randomized either 8 weeks manualized training dialogic booksharing nointervention control group independent assessments made infant language attention baseline following training trial registered isrctn 39953901 results ninety one carerinfant dyads recruited randomized intervention group n 49 control group n 42 82 90 available followup assessments standardized carer report infant vocabulary compared control group carers received intervention reported significantly greater increase number words understood infants well larger increase number words infant understood could vocalize intervention group children also showed substantially greater gains measure sustained attention conclusions line evidence hic dialogic booksharing programme delivered impoverished south african sample shown considerable benefit development child language focussed attention training programme simple inexpensive deliver potential benefit child cognitive development lmic contexts development commonly compromised
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002807
|
Regina Idu Ejemot-Nwadiaro|John E. Ehiri|Dachi Arikpo|Martin Meremikwu|Julia Critchley
|
Hand washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea
| 2,015 |
University of Calabar|University of Arizona|University of Calabar|University of Calabar|St George's, University of London
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background diarrhoea accounts 18 million deaths children low middleincome countries lmics one identified strategies prevent diarrhoea hand washing objectives assess effects hand washing promotion interventions diarrhoeal episodes children adults search methods searched cochrane infectious diseases group specialized register 27 may 2015 central published cochrane library 2015 issue 5 medline 1966 27 may 2015 embase 1974 27 may 2015 lilacs 1982 27 may 2015 psycinfo 1967 27 may 2015 science citation index social science citation index 1981 27 may 2015 eric 1966 27 may 2015 spectr 2000 27 may 2015 bibliomap 1990 27 may 2015 rore grey literature 2002 27 may 2015 world health organization international clinical trial registry platform ictrp metaregister controlled trials mrct reference lists articles 27 may 2015 also contacted researchers organizations field selection criteria individually randomized controlled trials rcts clusterrcts compared effects hand washing interventions diarrhoea episodes children adults intervention data collection analysis three review authors independently assessed trial eligibility extracted data assessed risk bias stratified analyses child daycare centres schools community hospitalbased settings appropriate incidence rate ratios irr pooled using generic inverse variance method randomeffects model 95 confidence intervals cis used grade approach assess quality evidence main results included 22 rcts 12 trials child daycare centres schools mainly highincome countries 54006 participants nine communitybased trials lmics 15303 participants one hospitalbased trial among people acquired immune deficiency syndrome aids 148 participants hand washing promotion education activities sometimes provision soap child daycare facilities schools prevents around onethird diarrhoea episodes high income countries rate ratio 070 95 ci 058 085 nine trials 4664 participants high quality evidence may prevent similar proportion lmics two trials urban egypt kenya evaluated rate ratio 066 95 ci 043 099 two trials 45380 participants low quality evidence three trials reported measures behaviour change methods data collection susceptible bias one trial usa hand washing behaviour reported improve trial kenya provided free soap hand washing increase soap use data pooled three trials 1845 participants low quality evidence hand washing promotion among communities lmics probably prevents around onequarter diarrhoea episodes rate ratio 072 95 ci 062 083 eight trials 14726 participants moderate quality evidence however six eight trials asian settings single trials south america subsaharan africa six trials soap provided free alongside hand washing education overall average effect size larger two trials provide soap soap provided rate ratio 066 95 ci 056 078 six trials 11422 participants education rate ratio 084 95 ci 067 105 two trials 3304 participants increased hand washing major prompts eatingcooking visiting toilet cleaning babys bottom increased compliance hand hygiene procedure behavioural outcome intervention groups control community trials data pooled three trials 3490 participants high quality evidence hand washing promotion one trial conducted hospital among highrisk population showed significant reduction mean episodes diarrhoea 168 fewer intervention group mean difference 168 95 ci 193 143 one trial 148 participants moderate quality evidence increase hand washing frequency seven times per day intervention group versus three times control hospital trial one trial 148 participants moderate quality evidence found trials evaluating reporting effects hand washing promotions diarrhoearelated deaths allcauseunder five mortality costs authors conclusions hand washing promotion probably reduces diarrhoea episodes child daycare centres highincome countries among communities living lmics 30 however less known help people maintain hand washing habits longer term
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999.0000000000000085
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Thomas Clasen|Kelly Alexander|David Sinclair|Sophie Boisson|Rachel Peletz|Howard H. Chang|Fiona Majorin|Sandy Cairncross
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Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea
| 2,015 |
Emory University|Emory University|Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Emory University|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|University of London|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
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background diarrhoea major cause death disease especially among young children lowincome countries settings many infectious agents associated diarrhoea spread water contaminated faeces remote lowincome settings sourcebased water quality improvement includes providing protected groundwater springs wells bore holes harvested rainwater alternative surface sources rivers lakes pointofuse water quality improvement interventions include boiling chlorination flocculation filtration solar disinfection mainly conducted home objectives assess effectiveness interventions improve water quality preventing diarrhoea search methods searched cochrane infectious diseases group specialized register 11 november 2014 central cochrane library 7 november 2014 medline 1966 10 november 2014 embase 1974 10 november 2014 lilacs 1982 7 november 2014 also handsearched relevant conference proceedings contacted researchers organizations working field checked references identified studies 11 november 2014 selection criteria randomized controlled trials rcts quasircts controlled beforeandafter studies cba comparing interventions aimed improving microbiological quality drinking water intervention children adults data collection analysis two review authors independently assessed trial quality extracted data used metaanalyses estimate pooled measures effect appropriate investigated potential sources heterogeneity using subgroup analyses assessed quality evidence using grade approach main results fortyfive clusterrcts two quasircts eight cba studies including 84000 participants met inclusion criteria included studies conducted low middleincome countries lmics 50 studies unimproved water sources 30 studies unimproved unclear sanitation 34 studies primary outcome studies selfreported diarrhoea high risk bias due lack blinding 80 included studies sourcebased water quality improvements currently insufficient evidence know sourcebased improvements protected wells communal tap stands chlorinationfiltration community sources consistently reduce diarrhoea one clusterrct five cba studies low quality evidence found studies evaluating reliable pipedin water supplies delivered households pointofuse water quality interventions average distributing water disinfection products use household level may reduce diarrhoea around one quarter home chlorination products rr 077 95 ci 065 091 14 trials 30746 participants low quality evidence flocculation disinfection sachets rr 069 95 ci 058 082 four trials 11788 participants moderate quality evidence however substantial heterogeneity size effect estimates individual studies pointofuse filtration systems probably reduce diarrhoea around half rr 048 95 ci 038 059 18 trials 15582 participants moderate quality evidence important reductions diarrhoea episodes shown ceramic filters biosand systems lifestraw filters ceramic rr 039 95 ci 028 053 eight trials 5763 participants moderate quality evidence biosand rr 047 95 ci 039 057 four trials 5504 participants moderate quality evidence lifestraw rr 069 95 ci 051 093 three trials 3259 participants low quality evidence plumbed filters evaluated highincome settings rr 081 95 ci 071 094 three trials 1056 participants fixed effects model lowincome settings solar water disinfection sodis distribution plastic bottles instructions leave filled bottles direct sunlight least six hours drinking probably reduces diarrhoea around third rr 062 95 ci 042 094 four trials 3460 participants moderate quality evidence subgroup analyses larger effects seen trials higher adherence trials provided safe storage container cases reduction diarrhoea shown studies evident settings improved unimproved water sources sanitation authors conclusions interventions address microbial contamination water pointofuse may important interim measures improve drinking water quality homes reached safe reliable pipedin water connections average estimates effect individual pointofuse intervention generally show important effects comparisons estimates provide evidence superiority one intervention another comparisons confounded study setting design population studies assessing effects household connections chlorination point delivery help improve knowledge base evidence suggests effectiveness improves adherence studies assessing programmatic approaches optimising coverage longterm utilization interventions among vulnerable populations could also help strategies improve health outcomes
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https://doi.org/10.2196/22910
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May A. Beydoun|Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski|Melissa Kitner?Triolo|Hind A. Beydoun|Jay S. Kaufman|Marc Mason|Michele K. Evans|Alan B. Zonderman
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Dietary Antioxidant Intake and Its Association With Cognitive Function in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of US Adults
| 2,015 |
National Institute on Aging|University of Delaware|Eastern Virginia Medical School|McGill University|MedStar Health|National Institute on Aging|University of Delaware|Eastern Virginia Medical School|McGill University|MedStar Health|National Institute on Aging|University of Delaware|Eastern Virginia Medical School|McGill University|MedStar Health|National Institute on Aging|University of Delaware|Eastern Virginia Medical School|McGill University|MedStar Health|National Institute on Aging|University of Delaware|Eastern Virginia Medical School|McGill University|MedStar Health|National Institute on Aging|University of Delaware|Eastern Virginia Medical School|McGill University|MedStar Health|National Institute on Aging|University of Delaware|Eastern Virginia Medical School|McGill University|MedStar Health|National Institute on Aging|University of Delaware|Eastern Virginia Medical School|McGill University|MedStar Health
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background dietary antioxidants inhibit reactions accompanying neurodegeneration thus prevent cognitive impairment describe associations dietary antioxidants cognitive function large biracial population testing moderation sex race age mediation depressive symptoms methods crosssectional analysis 1274 adults 541 men 733 women aged 30 64 years baseline mean standard deviation 475 93 healthy aging neighborhoods diversity across lifespan study baltimore city md cognitive performance domains memory languageverbal attention spatial psychomotor speed executive function global mental status assessed 20item center epidemiologic studies depression scale used measure depressive symptoms dietary intake assessed two 24hour recalls estimating daily consumption total carotenoids vitamins c e per 1000 kcal results among key findings 1 standard deviation 202 mg1000 kcal higher vitamin e associated higher score verbal memory immediate recall 064 019 p 001 better languageverbal fluency performance 053 016 p 001 particularly among younger age group women higher vitamin e intake 068 021 p 001 better performance psychomotor speed test vitamin everbal memory association partially mediated depressive symptoms proportion mediated 1316 conclusions sum future cohort studies dietary interventions focus associations dietary vitamin e cognitive decline specifically domains verbal memory verbal fluency psychomotor speed
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https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61140-9
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Kevin Dadaczynski|Orkan Okan|Melanie Messer|Angela Yee Man Leung|Rafaela Rosário|Emily Darlington|Katharina Rathmann
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Digital Health Literacy and Web-Based Information-Seeking Behaviors of University Students in Germany During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study
| 2,021 |
Fulda University of Applied Sciences|Leuphana University of Lüneburg|Bielefeld University|University of Applied Sciences Appollon|Hochschule Bremen|Hong Kong Polytechnic University|University of Minho|Claude Bernard University Lyon 1|Fulda University of Applied Sciences
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background digital communication technologies playing important role health communication strategies governments public health authorities covid19 pandemic internet social media become important sources healthrelated information covid19 protective behaviors addition covid19 infodemic spreading faster coronavirus interferes governmental healthrelated communication efforts jeopardizes national public health containment strategies therefore digital health literacy key competence navigate webbased covid19related information service environments objective study aimed investigate university students digital health literacy webbased informationseeking behaviors early stages covid19 pandemic germany methods crosssectional study among 14916 university students aged 18 years 130 universities across 16 federal states germany conducted using webbased survey along sociodemographic characteristics sex age subjective social status measures included five subscales digital health literacy instrument dhli adapted specific context covid19 pandemic webbased informationseeking behavior investigated examining webbased sources used university students topics students searched connection covid19 data analyzed using univariate bivariate analyses results across digital health literacy dimensions greatest difficulties could found assessing reliability healthrelated information 596414103 423 ability determine whether information written commercial interest 548914097 389 moreover respondents indicated frequently problems finding information looking 428214098 304 stratified according sociodemographic characteristics significant differences found female university students reporting lower dhli dimensions information searching evaluating reliability search engines news portals websites public bodies often used respondents sources search information covid19 related issues female students found use social media health portals frequently male students used wikipedia webbased encyclopedias well youtube often use social media associated low ability critically evaluate information opposite observed use public websites conclusions although digital health literacy well developed university students significant proportion students still face difficulties certain abilities evaluate information need strengthen digital health literacy capacities university students using tailored interventions improving quality healthrelated information internet also key
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https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.075762
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Mark Makowsky|Shahnaz Davachi|Charlotte Jones
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eHealth Literacy in a Sample of South Asian Adults in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Subanalysis of a 2014 Community-Based Survey
| 2,022 |
University of Alberta|Alberta Health Services|Okanagan University College|University of British Columbia
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background digital health interventions efficient flexible methods enhancing prevention management cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes however little known characteristics associated ehealth literacy canadian south asian population objective aim study describe perceived ehealth literacy explore extent associated sociodemographic health status technology use variables subset south asian canadians methods analyzed data epatient project survey mixedmode crosssectional survey occurred 2014 ehealth literacy scale eheals used measure ehealth literacy convenience sample 511 english punjabispeaking south asian adults recruited community pharmacy family physician office community events edmonton alberta multivariable quantile regression used explore variables associated ehealth literacy results analysis restricted 301 internet users mean age 399 sd 148 years 166301 551 female provided responses 8 eheals questions complete demographic information mean overall eheals score 293 sd 68 40 714 215301 agreed least 5 8 eheals items eheals item lowest level agreement tell highquality health resources lowquality health resources internet 182301 605 although statistically significant differences eheals scores according age educational achievement language preference presence chronic medical conditions multivariable regression analysis indicated language preference variable independently associated ehealth literacy coefficient 60 95 ci 961 239 conclusions sample south asian canadian internet users preference written health information languages english associated lower ehealth literacy opportunities exist improve ehealth literacy using culturally linguistically tailored interventions
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https://doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7334
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