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Nadja van Ginneken|Prathap Tharyan|Simon Lewin|Girish N Rao|SM Meera|Jessica Pian|Sudha Chandrashekar|Vikram Patel
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Non-specialist health worker interventions for the care of mental, neurological and substance-abuse disorders in low- and middle-income countries
| 2,013 |
University of London|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Sangath|Christian Medical College & Hospital|South African Medical Research Council|Nasjonalt Kunnskapssenter for Helsetjenesten|National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences|Sangath|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|University of London|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Sangath
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background many people mental neurological substanceuse disorders mns receive health care nonspecialist health workers nshws professionals health roles ophrs key strategy closing treatment gap objectives assess effect nshws ophrs delivering mns interventions primary community health care low middleincome countries search methods searched cochrane central register controlled trials central including cochrane effective practice organisation care epoc group specialised register searched 21 june 2012 medline ovidsp medline process nonindexed citations ovidsp embase ovidsp searched 15 june 2012 cinahl ebscohost psycinfo ovidsp searched 18 19 june 2012 world health organization global health library searched 29 june 2012 lilacs international clinical trials registry platform opengrey metaregister controlled trials searched 8 9 august 2012 science citation index social sciences citation index isi web knowledge searched 2 october 2012 reference lists without language date restrictions contacted authors additional studies selection criteria randomised nonrandomised controlled trials controlled beforeandafter studies interruptedtimeseries studies nshwsophrdelivered interventions primarycommunity health care low middleincome countries intended improve outcomes people mns disorders carers defined nshw professional health worker eg doctors nurses social workers lay health worker without specialised training mns disorders ophrs included people outside health sector teachers review data collection analysis review authors double screened double dataextracted assessed risk bias using standard formats grouped studies similar interventions together feasible combined data obtain overall estimate effect main results 38 included studies seven low 15 middleincome countries twentytwo studies used lay health workers addressed depression posttraumatic stress disorder ptsd review shows use nshws compared usual healthcare services 1 may increase number adults recover depression anxiety two six months treatment prevalence depression risk ratio rr 030 95 confidence interval ci 014 064 lowquality evidence 2 may slightly reduce symptoms mothers perinatal depression severity depressive symptoms standardised mean difference smd 042 95 ci 058 026 lowquality evidence 3 may slightly reduce symptoms adults ptsd severity ptsd symptoms smd 036 95 ci 067 005 lowquality evidence 4 probably slightly improves symptoms people dementia severity behavioural symptoms smd 026 95 ci 060 008 moderatequality evidence 5 probably improvesslightly improves mental wellbeing burden distress carers people dementia carer burden smd 050 95 ci 084 015 moderatequality evidence 6 may decrease amount alcohol consumed people alcoholuse disorders drinksdrinking day last 7 30 days mean difference 168 95 ci 279 057 lowquality evidence uncertain whether lay health workers teachers reduce ptsd symptoms among children insufficient data draw conclusions costeffectiveness using nshws teachers impact people mns conditions addition studies measured adverse effects nshwled care effects could impact appropriateness quality care authors conclusions overall nshws teachers promising benefits improving peoples outcomes general perinatal depression ptsd alcoholuse disorders patient careroutcomes dementia however evidence mostly low low quality issues evidence available therefore cannot make conclusions specific nshwled interventions effective
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https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.031112
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Jia?Rong Wu|Barbara A. Mark|George J. Knafl|Sandra B. Dunbar|Patricia P. Chang|Darren A. DeWalt
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A multi-component, family-focused and literacy-sensitive intervention to improve medication adherence in patients with heart failure–A randomized controlled trial
| 2,019 |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Emory University|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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background medication nonadherence prevalent links serious outcomes eg rehospitalizationdeath heart failure hf patients therefore urgent need exists intervention improve sustain adherence intervention completion objectives test efficacy multicomponent familyfocused literacysensitive famlit intervention medication adherence hf patients methods fortythree hf patients care partners enrolled randomized receive famlit attentiononly intervention including inperson session baseline biweekly phone boosters 3 months measured medication adherence baseline 3month postintervention using medication event monitoring system results 3month intervention intervention patients significantly better medication adherence control patients 6 months 3months postintervention intervention effect adherence sustained famlit intervention group adherence decreased control group conclusion incorporating care partner support providing easytounderstand intervention patientscare partners may improvesustain adherence
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https://doi.org/10.2196/17589
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Sara Daliri|Jacqueline G. Hugtenburg|Gerben ter Riet|Bart J F van den Bemt|Bianca M. Buurman|Wilma J.M. Scholte op Reimer|Marie-Christine van Buul-Gast|Fatma Karapinar?Çarkit
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The effect of a pharmacy-led transitional care program on medication-related problems post-discharge: A before—After prospective study
| 2,019 |
OLVG|Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences|Academic Medical Center|Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc|Academic Medical Center|Sint Maartenskliniek|Maastricht University Medical Centre|Radboud University Nijmegen|Radboud University Medical Center|Academic Medical Center|Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences|Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences|Academic Medical Center|Rijnstate Hospital|OLVG
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background medicationrelated problems common hospitalization example changes patients medication regimens accompanied insufficient patient education poor information transfer healthcare providers inadequate followup postdischarge investigated effect pharmacyled transitional care program occurrence medicationrelated problems four weeks postdischarge methods prospective multicenter beforeafter study conducted six departments total two hospitals 50 community pharmacies netherlands tested pharmacyled program incorporating usual care medication reconciliation hospital admission discharge combined ii teachback hospital discharge iii improved transfer medication information primary healthcare providers iv postdischarge home visit patients community pharmacist compared usual care alone difference medicationrelated problems four weeks postdischarge measured means validated telephoneinterview protocol primary outcome multiple logistic regression analysis used adjusting potential confounders multiple imputation deal missing data results included 234 januaryapril 2016 222 julynovember 2016 patients usual care intervention group respectively complete data primary outcome available 400 patients proportion patients medicationrelated problem 659 211400 usual care group compared 524 189400 intervention group p 001 multiple imputation proportion patients medicationrelated problem remained lower intervention group unadjusted odds ratio 057 95 ci 038086 adjusted odds ratio 050 95 ci 031079 conclusions pharmacyled transitional care program reduced medicationrelated problems discharge implementation research needed determine best embed interventions existing processes
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-017-5339-0
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Hayley Bowers|Ian Manion|Despina Papadopoulos|Emily Gauvreau
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Stigma in school?based mental health: perceptions of young people and service providers
| 2,012 |
Ontario Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health|Ontario Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health|Ontario Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health|Ontario Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health
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background mental health affects one five young people majority avoiding help due stigma study young peoples n 49 perception stigma barrier accessing schoolbased mental health services compared service providers n 63 along perceived extent mental health problems availability schoolbased mental health resources method participants completed survey interview ebsco pubmed databases used duration study ugust 2010 eptember 2011 results greater proportion young people versus providers reported stigma largest barrier accessing mental health services addition young people reported schoolbased mental health resources scarce conclusions results emphasize need young peoples involvement mental health initiatives
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https://doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2014.00274
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Yin Ping Ng|Abdul Rashid|Finian M O'Brien
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Determining the effectiveness of a video-based contact intervention in improving attitudes of Penang primary care nurses towards people with mental illness
| 2,017 |
RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus|RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus|RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus
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background mental illnessrelated stigma common associated poorer outcomes people mental illness study evaluated attitudes primary care nurses towards people mental illness associated factors effectiveness short videobased contact intervention vbci improving attitudes using malay version 15item opening minds stigma scale healthcare providers omshc15m methods 5minute vbci developed comprising elements psychoeducation interviews people mental illness people interact relating experience mental illness recovery prepost crosssectional study conducted 206 randomly selected primary care nurses penang malaysia omshc15m questionnaire administered immediately participants viewed vbci difference mean prepost vbci scores using paired ttests effect size standardised response mean srm obtained factors correlating attitudes obtained using univariate multivariate regression analyses results differences prepost vbci score statistically significant p0001 14 score reduction moderate effect size srm 097 085011 11 09712 respectively factoring minimal detectable change statistic 776 vbci produced significant improvement attitudes 30 participants factors associated less stigmatising attitudes baseline previous psychiatryrelated training desiring psychiatric training positive contact people mental illness conclusions first study malaysia show brief vbci effective improving attitudes primary care nurses towards people mental illness immediate term studies needed determine results sustained longer term generalizable health care professionals qualitative studies warranted provide insight factors correlating attitudes 300 words
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zefq.2018.06.003
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Kaifeng Liu|Zhenzhen Xie|Calvin Kalun Or
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Effectiveness of Mobile App-Assisted Self-Care Interventions for Improving Patient Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and/or Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
| 2,020 |
University of Hong Kong|University of Hong Kong|University of Hong Kong
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background mobile appassisted selfcare interventions emerging promising tools support selfcare patients chronic diseases type 2 diabetes hypertension effectiveness interventions requires exploration supporting evidence objective systematic review metaanalysis randomized controlled trials rcts conducted examine effectiveness mobile appassisted selfcare interventions developed type 2 diabetes andor hypertension improving patient outcomes methods followed cochrane collaboration guidelines searched medline cochrane library embase cinahl plus relevant studies published january 2007 january 2019 primary outcomes included changes hemoglobin a1c hba1c levels systolic blood pressure sbp diastolic blood pressure dbp changes clinical behavioral knowledge psychosocialrelated outcomes included secondary outcomes primary outcomes objective secondary outcomes reported least two trials metaanalyzed otherwise narrative synthesis used data analysis results total 27 trials identified analyzed primary outcomes use mobile appassisted selfcare interventions associated significant reductions hba1c levels standardized mean difference smd 044 95 ci 059 029 plt001 sbp smd 017 95 ci 031 003 p02 dbp smd 017 95 ci 030 003 p02 subgroup analyses primary outcomes showed several intervention features supportive selfmanagement including blood glucose blood pressure medication monitoring communication health care providers automated feedback personalized goal setting reminders education materials data visualization addition 8 objective secondary outcomes metaanalyzed showed interventions significant lowering effects fasting blood glucose levels waist circumference total 42 secondary outcomes narratively synthesized mixed results found conclusions mobile appassisted selfcare interventions effective tools managing blood glucose blood pressure likely use facilitates remote management health issues data provision personalized selfcare recommendations patientcare provider communication decision making studies required determine combinations intervention features effective improving control diseases moreover evidence regarding effects interventions behavioral knowledge psychosocial outcomes patients still scarce warrants examination
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https://doi.org/10.2196/15323
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Koushik Sinha Deb|Anupriya Tuli|Mamta Sood|Rakesh Kumar Chadda|Rohit Verma|Saurabh Kumar|Ragul Ganesh|Pushpendra Singh
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Is India ready for mental health apps (MHApps)? A quantitative-qualitative exploration of caregivers’ perspective on smartphone-based solutions for managing severe mental illnesses in low resource settings
| 2,018 |
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal|Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur|All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal|Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi|Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
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background mobile application based delivery psychosocial interventions may help reduce treatment gap severe mental illnesses smis decrease burden caregivers apps developed high income settings show effectiveness suffer lack applicability low resource scenarios due difference technology penetration affordability acceptance objective study aimed understand health technology usage perceived needs acceptability app based interventions patients smis improve illness management reduce caregiver burden methods study conducted inpatient outpatient settings tertiary care center north india crosssectional survey assessed smartphone health app usage three focus group discussions evaluated needs apprehensions using apps management smis results total 176 participants including 88 patients 88 caregivers completed survey smartphone ownership similar national average 30 caregivers 386 patients 318 although subjects regularly used third party app health app usage low cost unfamiliarity language significant barriers adoption focus group discussions provided insight various apprehensions caregivers using allowing patients use smartphones apps caregivers wanted mobile apps accessing information regarding services resources available people smi felt apps helpful could automate routine caregiving activities however significant difficulty perceived regards cost device language medium unfamiliarity using technology apprehensions smi patients might misuse technology damage device also prevalent conclusions study systematically looks scope design considerations limitations implementing mobile technology based intervention low resource settings onethird patients caregivers access smartphones internet parallel outreach strategies like ivrs actively considered designing interventions difficulty understanding searching nonnative language needs addressed hand holding caregivers frequent encouragement treating doctors might significantly help technology adoption surmounting apprehensions related using technology make solution acceptable useful already overburdened caregivers developers need work closely patients family members follow groundup collaborative approach app development scope delivering mental health services technology immense resource constrained settings like india provided researchers appreciate accept fact varied landscape divergent economic educational cultural milieu single solution never suffice intervention modality matching end user capacity paramount importance determining success endeavor
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https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32071
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Johannes Knitza|Dávid Simon|Antonia Lambrecht|Christina Raab|Koray Tascilar|Melanie Hagen|Arnd Kleyer|Sara Bayat|Adrian Derungs|Oliver Amft|Georg Schett|Axel J. Hueber
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Mobile Health Usage, Preferences, Barriers, and eHealth Literacy in Rheumatology: Patient Survey Study
| 2,020 |
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Sozialstiftung Bamberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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background mobile health mhealth defines support practice health care using mobile devices promises improve current treatment situation patients chronic diseases little known mhealth usage digital preferences patients chronic rheumatic diseases objective aim study explore mhealth usage preferences barriers ehealth literacy reported german patients rheumatic diseases methods december 2018 january 2019 patients recruited consecutively rheumatoid arthritis psoriatic arthritis axial spondyloarthritis asked complete paperbased survey survey included questions sociodemographics health characteristics mhealth usage ehealth literacy using ehealth literacy scale eheals communication information preferences results patients n193 completed survey 176 patients 912 regularly used smartphone 89 patients 461 regularly used social media patients 132193 684 believed using medical apps could beneficial health 193 patients 8 41 currently using medical apps 22 patients 114 stated knew useful rheumatology websitesmobile apps nearly patients 188193 974 would agree share mobile app data research purposes 193 patients 129 668 would regularly enter data using app 146 patients 756 would welcome official mobile app recommendations national rheumatology society preferred duration data entry 15 minutes 110193 570 preferred frequency weekly 59193 306 medication information desired app feature 150193 777 internet frequently utilized source information 144193 746 mean ehealth literacy low 26340 positively correlated younger age app use belief benefit using medical apps current internet use obtain health information conclusions patients rheumatic diseases eager use mhealth technologies better understand chronic diseases openmindedness counterbalanced low mhealth usage competency personalized mhealth solutions clear implementation recommendations needed realize full potential mhealth rheumatology
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.034
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Genevieve Coorey|Lis Neubeck|John C. Mulley|Julie Redfern
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Effectiveness, acceptability and usefulness of mobile applications for cardiovascular disease self-management: Systematic review with meta-synthesis of quantitative and qualitative data
| 2,018 |
The George Institute for Global Health|University of Sydney|Edinburgh Napier University|University of Sydney|The George Institute for Global Health|The George Institute for Global Health|University of Sydney
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background mobile technologies innovative scalable approaches reducing risk cardiovascular disease evidence related effectiveness acceptability remains limited aimed explore effectiveness acceptability usefulness mobile applications apps cardiovascular disease selfmanagement risk factor control design systematic review metasynthesis quantitative qualitative data methods comprehensive search multiple databases medline embase cinahl scopus cochrane central grey literature studies included intervention primarily app aimed improving least two lifestyle behaviours adults cardiovascular disease metasynthesis quantitative qualitative data performed review evaluate findings results ten studies varying designs including 607 patients five countries included interventions targeted hypertension heart failure stroke cardiac rehabilitation populations factors improved among app users rehospitalisation rates diseasespecific knowledge quality life psychosocial wellbeing blood pressure body mass index waist circumference cholesterol exercise capacity improved physical activity medication adherence smoking cessation also characteristic app users appealing app features included tracking healthy behaviours selfmonitoring disease education personalised customisable content small samples short duration selection bias noted limitations across studies relatively low overall scientific quality evidence conclusions multiple behaviours cardiovascular disease risk factors appear modifiable shorter term use mobile apps evidence effectiveness requires larger controlled studies longer duration emphasis process evaluation data better understand important system patientlevel characteristics
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169713
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Wenhui Wei|Patricia A. Findley|Usha Sambamoorthi
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Disability and receipt of clinical preventive services among women
| 2,006 |
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|VA New Jersey Health Care System|VA New Jersey Health Care System|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey|VA New Jersey Health Care System
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background individuals surviving catastrophic injuries living longer persistent disability however receipt clinical preventive services well understood compared without disabilities given dual focus care primary prevention prevention secondary complications related disabilities methods longitudinal analyses 19992002 medical expenditure survey meps study sample consisted 3183 communitydwelling women aged 5164 years followed 2 full years women disabilities defined reported limitation area activity daily living 2 years recommended clinical preventive services defined receiving following recommended intervals colorectal cervical breast cancer cholesterol screening influenza immunization 2 tests multiple logistic regressions used examine variations use clinical preventive services results overall 23 women study n 835 disabled disabled women however less likely receive mammography pap smears within recommended intervals however disabled women likely receive influenza immunization cholesterol screening colorectal screening within recommended intervals among disabled usual source care health insurance remained significant predictors receipt clinical preventive services across types conclusions disabled women less likely receive cancer screening services suggesting need targeted interventions promote breast cancer cervical cancer screening increased access health care insurance health care providers may also help individuals surviving catastrophic injuries living longer persistent disability however receipt clinical preventive services well understood compared without disabilities given dual focus care primary prevention prevention secondary complications related disabilities longitudinal analyses 19992002 medical expenditure survey meps study sample consisted 3183 communitydwelling women aged 5164 years followed 2 full years women disabilities defined reported limitation area activity daily living 2 years recommended clinical preventive services defined receiving following recommended intervals colorectal cervical breast cancer cholesterol screening influenza immunization 2 tests multiple logistic regressions used examine variations use clinical preventive services overall 23 women study n 835 disabled disabled women however less likely receive mammography pap smears within recommended intervals however disabled women likely receive influenza immunization cholesterol screening colorectal screening within recommended intervals among disabled usual source care health insurance remained significant predictors receipt clinical preventive services across types disabled women less likely receive cancer screening services suggesting need targeted interventions promote breast cancer cervical cancer screening increased access health care insurance health care providers may also help
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https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2013.801242
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Nisha Mehta|Sarah Clément|Elena Marcus|A.-C Stona|N. Bezborodovs|Sara Evans?Lacko|Jorge Palacios|Mary Docherty|Elizabeth Barley|Diana Rose|Mirja Koschorke|Rahul Shidhaye|Claire Henderson|Graham Thornicroft
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Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental health-related stigma and discrimination in the medium and long term: Systematic review
| 2,015 |
King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India|King's College London|Public Health Foundation of India
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background research interventions counter stigma discrimination focused shortterm outcomes conducted highincome settings aims synthesise known globally effective interventions reduce mental illnessbased stigma discrimination relation first effectiveness medium long term minimum 4 weeks second interventions low middleincome countries lmics method searched six databases 1980 2013 conducted multilanguage google search quantitative studies addressing research questions effect sizes calculated eligible studies possible narrative syntheses conducted subgroup analysis compared interventions without social contact results eighty studies n 422 653 included review studies medium longterm followup 72 21 calculable effect sizes median standardised mean differences 054 knowledge 026 stigmatising attitudes containing social contact direct indirect effective without 11 lmic studies middleincome countries effect sizes rarely calculable behavioural outcomes lmic studies conclusions modest evidence effectiveness antistigma interventions beyond 4 weeks followup terms increasing knowledge reducing stigmatising attitudes evidence support view social contact effective type intervention improving attitudes medium long term methodologically strong research needed base decisions investment stigmareducing interventions
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https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.115.002606
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Robin Mathews|Eric D. Peterson|Emily Honeycutt|Chee Tang Chin|Mark B. Effron|Marjorie E. Zettler|Gregg C. Fonarow|Timothy D. Henry|Tracy Y. Wang
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Early Medication Nonadherence After Acute Myocardial Infarction
| 2,015 |
Clinical Research Institute|Abbott Northwestern Hospital|Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation|Clinical Research Institute|Abbott Northwestern Hospital|Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation|Clinical Research Institute|Abbott Northwestern Hospital|Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation|Clinical Research Institute|Abbott Northwestern Hospital|Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation|Clinical Research Institute|Abbott Northwestern Hospital|Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation|Clinical Research Institute|Abbott Northwestern Hospital|Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation|Clinical Research Institute|Abbott Northwestern Hospital|Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation|Clinical Research Institute|Abbott Northwestern Hospital|Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation|Clinical Research Institute|Abbott Northwestern Hospital|Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation
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background nonadherence prescribed evidencebased medications acute myocardial infarction mi contribute worse outcomes higher costs sought better understand modifiable factors contributing early nonadherence evidencebased medications acute mi methods results assessed 7425 acute mi patients treated percutaneous coronary intervention 216 us hospitals participating treatment adp receptor inhibitors longitudinal assessment treatment patterns events acute coronary syndrome translateacs april 2010 may 2012 using validated morisky instrument assess cardiovascular medication adherence 6 weeks post mi stratified patients selfreported high score 8 moderate score 67 low score lt6 adherence groups moderate low adherence reported 25 4 patients respectively one third low adherence patients described missing doses antiplatelet therapy least twice week percutaneous coronary intervention signs depression patientreported financial hardship medication expenses independently associated higher likelihood medication nonadherence patients likely adherent 6 weeks followup appointments made discharge provider explain potential side effects medications lower medication adherence may associated higher risk 3month deathreadmission adjusted hazard ratio 135 95 confidence interval 098187 although reach statistical significance conclusions even early mi substantial proportion patients report suboptimal adherence prescribed medications tailored patient education pre discharge planning may represent actionable opportunities optimize patient adherence clinical outcomes clinical trial registration url httpwwwclinicaltrialsgov unique identifier nct01088503
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049779
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Scott Teasdale|Philip B. Ward|Simon Rosenbaum|Katherine Samaras|Brendon Stubbs
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Solving a weighty problem: Systematic review and meta-analysis of nutrition interventions in severe mental illness
| 2,017 |
South Eastern Sydney Local Health District|UNSW Sydney|Ingham Institute|UNSW Sydney|South Western Sydney Local Health District|UNSW Sydney|Garvan Institute of Medical Research|St Vincent's Hospital|South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust|King's College London|National Health Service
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background nutrition interventions would appear fundamental weight management cardiometabolic risk reduction people experiencing severe mental illness smi comprehensive evaluation nutrition interventions lacking aims subject randomised controlled trials nutrition interventions people smi systematic review metaanalysis measure anthropometric biochemical parameters nutritional intake method electronic database search identified trials nutrition intervention components trials pooled metaanalysis metaregression analyses performed anthropometric moderators results interventions led significant weight loss 19 studies reduced body mass index 17 studies decreased waist circumference 10 studies lower blood glucose levels 5 studies dietitianled interventions 6 studies studies delivered antipsychotic initiation 4 studies larger effect sizes conclusions evidence supports nutrition interventions standard care preventing treating weight gain among people experiencing smi
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010043
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Mary J. Christoph|Nicole Larson|Melissa N. Laska|Dianne Neumark?Sztainer
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Nutrition Facts Panels: Who Uses Them, What Do They Use, and How Does Use Relate to Dietary Intake?
| 2,018 | null |
background nutrition labels lowcost tool potential encourage healthy eating habits objective investigate correlates frequent nutrition facts label use describe types label information often used measure label use relates dietary intake young adults design crosssectional populationbased study young adults participating project eating activity teens young adultsiv participantssetting surveys food frequency questionnaires completed 20152016 young adults n1817 weighted sample49 women aged 25 36 years main outcome measures nutrition facts label use frequency using specific information labels dietary intake statistical analyses performed relative risks adjusted means used examine demographic behavior weightrelated factors associated nutrition facts panel use label use related dietary outcomes associations p values 005 considered statistically significant results approximately onethird 314 participants used nutrition facts labels frequently use significantly higher women participants high education income among prepared food regularly among physically active among weight status classified overweight among trying lose gain maintain weight label components used often included sugars 741 total calories 729 serving size 679 ingredient list 658 nutrition facts label users consumed significantly fruits vegetables whole grains fewer sugarsweetened beverages compared nonusers nutrition facts label users ate significantly frequently sitdown restaurants less frequently fastfood restaurants compared nonusers conclusions although nutrition facts label use associated markers better dietary quality populationbased sample young adults onethird participants used labels frequently methods improve label use studied particularly leveraging weight healthrelated goals eg interest making healthier food choices meeting consumer preferences concerning label content
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https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000891
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Andi Shahu|Jeph Herrin|Sanket S. Dhruva|Nihar R. Desai|Barry R. Davis|Harlan M. Krumholz|Erica S. Spatz
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Disparities in Socioeconomic Context and Association With Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Outcomes in ALLHAT
| 2,019 |
Johns Hopkins Hospital|Yale University|Health Research and Educational Trust|San Francisco VA Medical Center|University of California, San Francisco|Yale University|Yale New Haven Hospital|Yale University|Yale New Haven Hospital|Yale New Haven Health System|Yale University|Yale New Haven Hospital
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background observational studies demonstrate communities low socioeconomic status higher blood pressure worse cardiovascular outcomes yet whether clinical outcomes resulting antihypertensive therapy vary socioeconomic context randomized clinical trial participants treated standard protocol unknown methods results used data allhat antihypertensive lipidlowering treatment prevent heart attack trial study effect socioeconomic context defined countylevel median household income study sites stratified sites income quintiles compared characteristics blood pressure control cardiovascular outcomes among allhat participants lowest highestincome quintiles among 27 862 qualifying participants 2169 78 received care lowestincome sites quintile 1 10 458 376 received care highestincome sites quintile 5 participants quintile 1 likely women black hispanic fewer years education live south fewer cardiovascular risk factors adjusting baseline demographic clinical characteristics quintile 1 participants less likely achieve blood pressure control lt14090 mm hg odds ratio 048 95 ci 037063 greater allcause mortality hazard ratio hr 125 95 ci 110141 heart failure hospitalizationsmortality hr 126 95 ci 103155 endstage renal disease hr 186 95 ci 126273 lower angina hospitalizations hr 070 95 ci 059083 coronary revascularizations hr 071 95 ci 057089 conclusions despite standardized treatment protocols allhat participants lowestincome sites experienced poorer blood pressure control worse outcomes adverse cardiovascular events emphasizing importance measuring addressing socioeconomic context clinical trial registration url httpwwwclinicaltrialsgov unique identifier nct 00000542
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078223
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Jeffrey D. Greenberg|Tanya M. Spruill|Ying Shan|George Reed|Joel M. Kremer|Jeffrey Potter|Yusuf Yaz?c?|Gbenga Ogedegbe|Leslie R. Harrold
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
| 2,013 |
New York University Langone Orthopedic Hospital|New York University|University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School|University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School|Albany Medical Center Hospital|New York University Langone Orthopedic Hospital|New York University Langone Orthopedic Hospital|New York University|University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
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background observational studies patients rheumatoid arthritis suggested racial ethnic disparities exist minority populations compared disease activity clinical outcomes across racial ethnic groups using data large contemporary us registry methods analyzed data 2 time periods 20052007 20102012 clinical disease activity index examined continuous measure dichotomous measure disease activity states outcomes compared series crosssectional longitudinal multivariable regression models results 20052007 significant differences mean disease activity level p 001 observed across racial ethnic groups 5year period modest improvements disease activity observed across groups including whites 37 95 confidence interval ci 3241 compared african americans 43 95 ci 2758 hispanics 27 95 ci 1243 20102012 significant differences mean disease activity level persisted p 046 across racial ethnic groups ranging 116 95 ci 104128 hispanics 107 95 ci 96117 whites remission rates remained significantly different across racialethnic groups across models 20102012 ranging 227 95 ci 195258 african americans 274 95 ci 249298 whites conclusions despite improvements disease activity across racial ethnic groups 5year period disparities persist disease activity clinical outcomes minority groups versus white patients
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.08.017
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M. Rashaad Hansia|David Dickinson
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Hearing protection device usage at a South African gold mine
| 2,009 |
University of the Witwatersrand|University of the Witwatersrand
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background occupational noiseinduced hearing loss nihl occurs many industries despite interventions hearing conservation programmes aims determine actual reported use hearing protection devices hpds noiseexposed gold mine workers reported knowledge attitudes practices relating nihl hpds methods crosssectional descriptive study conducted 101 noiseexposed mine workers interviewed use hpds observed results thirteen percent respondents erroneously indicated workplaces noisy 16 appreciate noise hearing loss hazard 6 know hpds protect hearing 3 believed hpds protect hearing 93 respondents reported using hpds 50 observed observed use less among lower skilled workers despite training 8 respondents claimed never informed benefits hpds consistent continuous use reported 24 31 respondents respectively reasons using hpds included discomfort respondents 57 preferred training methods current computerassisted training conclusions persistence nihl may explained limited use hpds along suboptimal knowledge noise hazard workplace noisiness benefits hpds among workers concurrent engineering controls range hpds available free charge hpd training reviewed particularly lower skilled workers
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015431
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Jane South|Anne?Marie Bagnall|Claire Hulme|James Woodall|Roberta Longo|Rachael Dixey|Karina Kinsella|Gary Raine|Karen Vinall?Collier|Judy Wright
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A systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of peer-based interventions to maintain and improve offender health in prison settings
| 2,014 |
Leeds Beckett University|Leeds Beckett University|University of Leeds|Leeds Beckett University|University of Leeds|Leeds Beckett University|Leeds Beckett University|Leeds Beckett University|University of Leeds|University of Leeds
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background offender health deemed priority issue department health peer support established feature prison life england wales however needs known effectiveness peerbased interventions maintain improve health prison settings objectives study aimed synthesise evidence peerbased interventions prison settings carrying systematic review holding expert symposium review questions 1 effects peerbased interventions prisoner health determinants prisoner health 2 positive negative impacts health services within prison settings delivering peerbased interventions 3 effects peerbased approaches compare professionally led approaches 4 costs costeffectiveness peerbased interventions prison settings data sources systematic review 20 electronic databases including medline psycinfo cumulative index nursing allied health literature embase searched 1985 grey literature relevant websites also searched supplement review findings 58 delegates representing variety organisations attended expert symposium provided contextual information review methods two reviewers independently selected studies using following inclusion criteria population prisoners resident prisons young offender institutions intervention peerbased interventions comparators review questions 3 4 compared peerled professionally led approaches outcomes prisoner health determinants health organisationalprocess outcomes views prison populations study design quantitative qualitative mixedmethods evaluations two reviewers extracted data assessed validity using piloted electronic forms validity assessment criteria based published checklists results quantitative studies combined using narrative summary metaanalysis appropriate results qualitative studies combined using thematic synthesis results total 15320 potentially relevant papers identified 57 studies included effectiveness review one study included costeffectiveness review poor methodological quality typology peerbased interventions developed evidence suggested peer education interventions effective reducing risky behaviours peer support services provide acceptable source help within prison environment positive effect recipients strongest evidence came listener scheme consistent evidence many predominantly qualitative studies suggested peer deliverer associated positive effects across intervention types limited evidence recruitment peer deliverers recurring themes importance prison managerial staff support schemes operate successfully risk management little evidence costeffectiveness peerbased interventions economic model developed results effectiveness review although based data variable quality number assumptions showed costeffectiveness peerled professionally led education prison prevention human immunodeficiency virus hiv infection limitations 58 included studies whole poor methodological quality conclusions consistent evidence large number studies peer worker associated positive health peer support services also provide acceptable source help within prison environment positive effect recipients confirmed expert evidence research costeffectiveness sparse limited hivspecific economic model although based number assumptions evidence variable quality showed peer interventions costeffective compared professionally led interventions welldesigned intervention studies needed provide robust evidence including assessing outcomes target population economic analysis costeffectiveness impacts prison health services research needed examine issues reach utilisation acceptability perspective recipients choose receive peer support study registration study registered prospero crd42012002349 funding national institute health research health services delivery research programme
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004260
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Anat Gesser?Edelsburg|Ricky Cohen|Rana Hijazi|Nour Abed Elhadi Shahbari
|
Analysis of Public Perception of the Israeli Government’s Early Emergency Instructions Regarding COVID-19: Online Survey Study
| 2,020 |
University of Haifa|University of Haifa|University of Haifa|University of Haifa
|
background march 11 2020 world health organization officially declared coronavirus disease covid19 pandemic posed challenges many countries prominent among communication public gain cooperation israel faces different challenges countries management covid19 crisis midst deep constitutional crisis objective objective paper examine response israeli public governments emergency instructions regarding pandemic terms correlations overall risk perception crisis management overall risk perception economic threat perception crisis management compliance behavioral guidelines crisis management economic threat perception also made comparisons crisis management spokesperson credibility crisis management credibility information sources methods sample established using online survey enabled rapid effective distribution online questionnaire covid19 crisis selfselection online survey method nonprobability sampling used recruit participants n1056 social network posts asking general public aged 18 years answer survey results participants aged 65 years perceived higher personal risk compared aged 1830 years mean difference 033 95 ci 004061 aged 4664 years mean difference 038 95 ci 012064 significant correlations found overall risk perception attitudes toward crisis management r019 plt001 overall risk perception economic threat perception r022 plt001 attitudes toward crisis management compliance behavioral guidelines r015 plt001 attitudes toward crisis management economic threat perception r015 plt001 participants perceived prime minister credible spokesperson evaluated crisis management significantly higher groups crisis management evaluated significantly lower participants stated infectious disease specialists credible spokespersons participants ministry health website credible source information evaluated crisis management higher groups participants scientific articles credible source information evaluated crisis management lower perceived whocenters disease control prevention websites ministry healthhospital websites health care workers credible conclusions higher public trust evaluation crisis management greater compliance public guidelines also found crisis management information cannot approached way overall public furthermore unlike epidemics covid19 crisis widespread economic social consequences therefore impossible focus health risks without communicating economic social risks well
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2019.04.005
|
Malcolm Fisk|Anne Livingstone|Sabrina Pit
|
Telehealth in the Context of COVID-19: Changing Perspectives in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States
| 2,020 |
De Montfort University|Western Sydney University|Lismore Base Hospital|University of Sydney
|
background march 12 2020 world health organization declared coronavirus disease covid19 outbreak pandemic date 134576 reported cases 4981 deaths worldwide march 26 2020 2 weeks later reported cases increased fourfold 531865 deaths increased fivefold 24073 older people major users telehealth services likely die result covid19 objective paper examines extent australia united kingdom united states 2 weeks following pandemic announcement sought promote telehealth tool could help identify covid19 among older people may live alone frail selfisolating give support facilitate treatment people may infected methods paper reports 2week period previously mentioned immediately prior activities initiatives three countries taken governments agencies national state levels together publications guidance issued professional trade charitable bodies different sources information drawn upon point perceived likely benefits telehealth fighting pandemic purpose paper draw together analyze information reflects growing knowledge covid19 except telehealth seen component results picture emerges three countries based sources identified shows number differences differences center nature health services extent attention given older people circumstances relate different geographies notably concerned rurality changes funding frameworks could impact common three countries value attributed maintaining quality safeguards wider context health services services noted sometimes precluded significant telehealth use conclusions covid19 pandemic forcing changes may help establish telehealth firmly aftermath changes may longlasting however momentum telehealth almost certainly find stronger place within health service frameworks three countries likely increased acceptance among patients health care providers
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195375
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Amanda Leiter|Michael A. Diefenbach|John Doucette|William Oh|Matthew D. Galsky
|
Clinical trial awareness: Changes over time and sociodemographic disparities
| 2,015 |
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
|
background aims lack clinical trial awareness known obstacle clinical trial enrollment sought define prevalence clinical trial awareness us population determine characteristics associated increased trial awareness explore potential disparities trial awareness methods utilized data health information national trends survey 2008 2012 logistic regression utilized assess predictors clinical trial awareness particularly sociodemographic variables informationseeking preferences trial awareness informationseeking preferences compared patient subgroups two time periods results clinical trial awareness increased 68 74 2008 2012 2012 dataset higher education level odds ratio 352 95 confidence interval 216574 higher yearly income category odds ratio 184 95 confidence interval 117289 internet use odds ratio 213 95 confidence interval 152300 significantly associated clinical trial awareness hispanic ethnicity odds ratio 041 95 confidence interval 025068 significantly associated decreased awareness clinical trial awareness increased africanamericanblacks 106 hispanics 107 2008 2012 internet use subgroups 142 181 respectively conclusion overall clinical trial awareness increased 2008 2012 although large subset population still lacks general awareness clinical trials racial ethnic disparities trial awareness exist although disparities may decreasing among black population findings may help target educational efforts inform approaches increasing trial awareness
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/20549
|
Pimchanok Bunnatee|Fatima Ibrahim Abdulsalam|Nitikorn Phoosuwan
|
Factors associated with oral health care behaviors of pregnant women in a northeastern province in Thailand: A hospital-based cross-sectional study
| 2,023 |
Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University|Kasetsart University|Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University|Kasetsart University|Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University|Kasetsart University|Uppsala University
|
background oral healthcare behavior leads oral health status factors associated oral healthcare behavior might affect oral hygiene pregnant women high risk gingivitis dental caries study aimed explore factors associated oral healthcare behaviors pregnancy among pregnant women northeastern province thailand method total 405 pregnant women attended antenatal care clinics one government hospitals province invited participate crosssectional study dentists hospitals measured pregnant womens gingivitis dental calculus status using mouth mirrors explorers structured questionnaire used obtain variables interest linear regression analysis beta 95 confidence interval ci applied results majority 2024 years old 336 participants received upper secondary education 376 majority gingivitis 881 dental calculus 886 findings revealed age beta 0129 95ci 0269 0016 educational level beta 0118 95 ci 0110 0183 oral health literacy beta 0283 95 ci 0156 0319 statistically significant factors associated oral healthcare behaviors conclusion younger pregnant women better oral healthcare behaviors older pregnant women pregnant women better oral healthcare behaviors due higher educational levels oral health literacy oral health promotion improved oral health literacy interventions added improve oral care skills particularly older pregnant women greater risk poor oral healthcare behaviors
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60820-4
|
null | null | 2,015 |
Kathmandu University|Dhulikhel Hospital|Kathmandu University|Dhulikhel Hospital
|
background oral hypoglycemic agents ohas major treatment people type 2 diabetes mellitus dm2 however nonadherence ohas remains one main reasons poor glycemic control objectives assess adherence pattern ohas clinical outcomes special reference fasting blood glucose fbg level glycosylated hemoglobin hba1c levels methods informed consent obtained patients fulfilling criteria patient party case incapacitated patients information obtained interviewing filled appropriate questionnaire medical information patients obtained medical case records laboratory reports results ohas discontinued 25 patients overall 38 ever discontinued often missed ohas intentional discontinuation ohas attributed 72 patients followed forgetfulness 429 carelessness 306 hypoglycemia 24 5050 patients uncontrolled fbg gt130 mgdl level 39 uncontrolled hba1c 7 level taking reference age group 5160 years control fbg level found statistically associated decreasing age group p 0006 48 well increasing age group p 0008 4034 significant association controlled hba1c level patients knowledge precautions taken using ohas p 0044 4 however significant association glycemic control ohas adherence conclusion majority patients missed ohas attributed forgetfulness hypoglycemia may also one contributing factors poor adherence ohas however association found adherence various factors like age groups treatment complexity health literacy social family support doi httpdxdoiorg103126kumjv11i312508 kathmandu univ med j 2013 433226232
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.002
|
Silke Fricke|Kelly Burgoyne|Claudine Bowyer?Crane|Maria Kyriacou|Alexandra Zosimidou|Liam Maxwell|Arne Lervåg|Maggie Snowling|Charles Hulme
|
The efficacy of early language intervention in mainstream school settings: a randomized controlled trial
| 2,017 |
University of Sheffield|University College London|University of York|University College London|University of Sheffield|University of Sheffield|University of Oslo|University of Oxford|University of Oxford
|
background oral language skills critical foundation literacy generally educational success current study shows oral language skills improved providing suitable additional help children language difficulties early stages formal education methods conducted randomized controlled trial 394 children england comparing 30week oral language intervention programme starting nursery n 132 20week version programme starting reception n 133 intervention groups compared untreated waiting control group n 129 programmes delivered trained teaching assistants tas working childrens schoolsnurseries testers blind group allocation results 20 30week programmes produced improvements primary outcome measures oral language skill compared untreated control group effect sizes small moderate 20week programme 21 30week programme 30 immediately following intervention maintained followup 6 months later difference improvement 20week 30week programmes statistically significant neither programme produced statistically significant improvements childrens early word reading reading comprehension skills secondary outcome measures conclusions study provides evidence oral language interventions delivered successfully trained tas children oral language difficulties nursery reception classes methods evaluated potentially important policy implications early education
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/jhm.2493
|
Fikerte Gedamu|Imam Dagne|Abdu Oumer
|
Association between dietary consumption patterns and the development of adolescent overnutrition in eastern Ethiopia: new perspectives
| 2,023 |
Dire Dawa University|Dire Dawa University|Dire Dawa University
|
background overnutrition among adolescents becoming major public health concern adverse consequences associated unhealthy eating behaviors hence clear evidence linking dietary consumption risk overnutrition crucial targeted dietary recommendations using robust statistical approach study assessed link dietary consumption patterns risks overnutrition among adolescents ethiopia method communitybased survey conducted random sample 510 adolescents selected using stratified random sampling via proportional allocation dietary consumption captured using validated contextualized 80item food frequency questionnaire past month facetoface interview weight height measured standard procedure body mass index age zscore baz calculated baz 1 considered overnutrition frequency measures standardized daily equivalents dietary patterns derived using exploratory factor analysis checking assumptions bivariable multivariable binary logistic regression model fitted odds ratio 95 confidence intervals results total 510 participants enrolled four major dietary patterns cereals energy discretionary calory fat oil milk groups proteins vegetables fruits explaining 666 total variation identified overall prevalence overnutrition 290 2731 225 65 overweight obese respectively physical inactivity aor 627 95 ci 275143 maternal literacy aor 1113 95 ci 5002478 habit snacking aor 180 95 ci 069467 skipping meals aor 205 955 ci 084504 cereals discretionary food dietary pattern aor 228 95 ci 094555 proteinrich vegetable dietary pattern aor 230 95 ci 097546 important factors associated odds overnutrition conclusion overnutrition public health concern affecting onethird adolescents closely linked dietary consumption patterns eating behaviors wealth status literacy level physical activity therefore public health interventions targeting unhealthy eating lifestyles urgently needed curb increasing burden overnutrition among adolescents future complications
|
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0322-5
|
Jill Hamilton?Reeves|Chelsea N. Johnson|Lauren Hand|Misty D. Bechtel|Hilary L. Robertson|Carrie Michel|Maynard M. Metcalf|Prabhakar Chalise|Nicholas Mahan|Moben Mirza|Eugene K. Lee|Debra K. Sullivan|Jennifer R. Klemp|Christie A. Befort|William P. Parker|Heather Gibbs|Wendy Demark?Wahnefried|J. Brantley Thrasher
|
Feasibility of a Weight Management Program Tailored for Overweight Men with Localized Prostate Cancer – A Pilot Study
| 2,020 |
University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|The University of Kansas Cancer Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Kansas Medical Center|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Kansas Medical Center
|
background overweight men prostate cancer likely suffer recurrence death following prostatectomy compared healthy weight men study tested feasibility delivering comprehensive program foster weight loss weight maintenance surgery overweight men localized prostate cancermethods twenty overweight men scheduled prostatectomy elected either intervention n 15 nonintervention n 5 anthropometrics biomarkers diet quality nutrition literacy quality life longterm followup assessed groupsresults intervention led 555 kg weight loss including 388 kg fat loss baseline surgery mean 83 weeks intervention significantly increased fiber protein fruit nut vegetable intake decreased trans fats intake weight loss intervention significantly reduced insulin cpeptide systolic blood pressure leptinadiponectin ratio visceral adiposity compared nonintervention postsurgically weight loss maintained changes lipid profiles nutrition literacy followup statistically significant either groupconclusion significant weight loss 5 feasible coaching intervention overweight men preparing prostatectomy associated favorable cardiometabolic effects study registered nct02252484 wwwclinicaltrialsgov
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12066
|
Akira-Sebastian Poncette|Daniel Leon Glauert|Lina Mosch|Katarina Braune|Felix Balzer|David Alexander Back
|
Undergraduate Medical Competencies in Digital Health and Curricular Module Development: Mixed Methods Study
| 2,020 |
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin|Einstein Center Digital Future|Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin|Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin|Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin|Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin|Einstein Center Digital Future|Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin|Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin|Freie Universität Berlin|Bundeswehrkrankenhaus
|
background owing increase digital technologies health care recently leveraged covid19 pandemic physicians required use technologies appropriately familiar implications patient care health system society therefore medical students confronted digital health medical education however corresponding teaching formats concepts still largely lacking medical curricula objective study aims introduce digital health curricular module german medical school identify undergraduate medical competencies digital health suitable teaching methods methods developed 3week curricular module digital health thirdyear medical students large german medical school taking place first time january 2020 semistructured interviews 5 digital health experts recorded transcribed analyzed using abductive approach obtained feedback participating students lecturers module 17item survey questionnaire results module received overall positive feedback students lecturers expressed need digital health education stated field important clinical care underrepresented current medical curriculum extracted detailed overview digital health competencies skills knowledge teach students expert interviews also contained suggestions teaching methods statements supporting urgency implementation digital health education mandatory curriculum conclusions elective class seems suitable format timely introduction digital health education however longitudinal implementation mandatory curriculum goal beyond training future physicians digital skills teaching digital healths ethical legal social implications experiencebased development critical digital health mindset openness innovation ability assess everchanging health technologies broad transdisciplinary approach translate research clinical routine seem important therefore teaching digital health practicebased possible involve educational cooperation different institutions academic disciplines
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063806
|
Ramsha Riaz|Madiha Ahmed|Mariam Baloch|Syed Asad Hasan Rizvi|Naureen Shahid|Fatima Siddiqui|Muhammad Salman Ul Haq|Sania Saleem
|
Frequency and Predictors of Pacifier Use in the Low Socioeconomic Group of Karachi, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
| 2,020 |
Dow University of Health Sciences|Civil Hospital Karachi|Dow University of Health Sciences|Civil Hospital Karachi|Dow University of Health Sciences|Dow University of Health Sciences|Civil Hospital Karachi|Dow University of Health Sciences|Civil Hospital Karachi|Dow University of Health Sciences|Civil Hospital Karachi|Dow University of Health Sciences|California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology (United States)|King Edward Medical University|Indira Gandhi Government Medical College & Hospital
|
background pacifier use popular ages prevalent world various perceived benefits hand common belief carry health risks well due contradicting belief systems frequency use factors determine need thoroughly evaluated since pakistan developing country low literacy rate implied vast majority countrys population may lack awareness regarding advantages disadvantages pacifier use making incapable weighing associated risks versus benefits data evaluating factors region however scarce published literature therefore aimed highlight frequency predictors pacifier use low socioeconomic group karachi pakistan materials methods descriptive crosssectional study conducted sample 300 mothers visiting tertiary care hospital karachi pakistan included mothers least one child age two years whose child oronasal anomaly could prevent sucking pacifier data collected using pretested questionnaires analyzed using statistical package social sciences spss version 230 ibm corp armonk ny us frequencies calculated presented form tables chisquare test used determine significance categorical variables pvalue 005 considered statistically significant results almost half respondents 49 gave pacifiers children significant number 59 mothers uneducated almost 97 users annual household income less 15000 pakistani rupees pkr 34 primiparous twothirds 71 normal vaginal delivery factors maternal age less 20 annual household income less 15000 pkr primiparity significantly associated pacifier use mothers p005 half users 51 cleaned pacifiers boiling onefourth 25 washed water 18 washed soap water majority 84 mothers used pacifier soothe baby upset among mothers use pacifier third 30 believed bad practice onefourth 27 believed unhygienic conclusions study highlights gap awareness mothers regarding pacifier use using data target disseminate specific information population integrate safe healthy child care habits society
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220116
|
Indu Malhotra|Maxim J. McKibben|Peter Mungai|Elisabeth McKibben|Xuelei Wang|Laura J. Sutherland|Eric M. Muchiri|Charles H. King|Christopher L. King|A. Desirée LaBeaud
|
Effect of Antenatal Parasitic Infections on Anti-vaccine IgG Levels in Children: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study in Kenya
| 2,015 |
Case Western Reserve University|Center for Global Health|Case Western Reserve University|Center for Global Health|Ministry of Health|Case Western Reserve University|Center for Global Health|Case Western Reserve University|Case Western Reserve University|Center for Global Health|Ministry of Health|Case Western Reserve University|Center for Global Health|Case Western Reserve University|Center for Global Health|Case Western Reserve University|Center for Global Health
|
background parasitic infections prevalent among pregnant women subsaharan africa investigated whether prenatal exposure malaria andor helminths affects pattern infant immune responses standard vaccinations haemophilus influenzae hib diphtheria dt hepatitis b hep b tetanus toxoid tt methods findings 450 kenyan women tested malaria schistosomiasis lymphatic filariasis lf intestinal helminths pregnancy three standard vaccinations 6 10 14 weeks newborns followed biannually age 36 months tested absolute levels igg hib dt hep b tt time point newborns cord blood cb lymphocyte responses malaria bloodstage antigens soluble schistosoma haematobium worm antigen swap filaria antigen bma also assessed three immunophenotype categories compared tolerant plasmodium schistosoma wuchereriainfected mothers lacking respective th1th2type recall responses birth malaria antigens swap bma ii sensitized infecteduninfected mothers detectable th1th2type cb recall response respective parasite antigen iii unexposed evidence maternal infection cb recall response overall 789 mothers infected lf 447 schistosomiasis 324 malaria 276 hookworm 338 antenatal maternal malaria lf hookworm independently associated significantly lower hibspecific igg presence multiple maternal infections associated lower infant igg levels hib dt antigens postvaccination postvaccination igg levels also significantly associated immunophenotype malariatolerized infants reduced response dt whereas filariatolerized infants showed reduced response hib conclusions impaired ability develop igg antibody responses key protective antigens hib diphtheria infants mothers infected malaria andor helminths pregnancy findings highlight importance control prevention parasitic infections among pregnant women
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223442
|
Joshua Jeong|Emily Franchett|Clariana Vitória Ramos de Oliveira|Karima Rehmani|Aisha K. Yousafzai
|
Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
| 2,021 |
Harvard Global Health Institute|Harvard Global Health Institute|Harvard Global Health Institute|Harvard Global Health Institute|Harvard Global Health Institute
|
background parents primary caregivers young children responsive parentchild relationships parental support learning earliest years life crucial promoting early child development ecd conducted global systematic review metaanalysis evaluate effectiveness parenting interventions ecd parenting outcomes methods findings searched medline embase psycinfo cinahl web science global health library peerreviewed published articles database inception november 15 2020 included randomized controlled trials rcts parenting interventions delivered first 3 years life evaluated least 1 ecd outcome least 2 reviewers independently screened extracted data assessed study quality eligible studies ecd outcomes included cognitive language motor socioemotional development behavior problems attachment parenting outcomes included parenting knowledge parenting practices parentchild interactions parental depressive symptoms calculated intervention effect sizes standardized mean difference smd estimated pooled effect sizes outcome separately using robust variance estimation metaanalytic approaches used randomeffects metaregression models assess potential effect modification countryincome level child age intervention content duration delivery setting study quality review registered prospero crd42018092458 crd42018092461 11920 articles identified included 111 articles representing 102 unique rcts pooled effect sizes indicated positive benefits parenting interventions child cognitive development smd 032 95 ci confidence interval 023 040 p lt 0001 language development smd 028 95 ci 018 037 p lt 0001 motor development smd 024 95 ci 015 032 p lt 0001 socioemotional development smd 019 95 ci 010 028 p lt 0001 attachment smd 029 95 ci 018 040 p lt 0001 reductions behavior problems smd 013 95 ci 018 008 p lt 0001 positive benefits also found parenting knowledge smd 056 95 ci 033 079 p lt 0001 parenting practices smd 033 95 ci 022 044 p lt 0001 parentchild interactions smd 039 95 ci 024 053 p lt 0001 however significant reduction parental depressive symptoms smd 007 95 ci 016 002 p 008 subgroup analyses revealed significantly greater effects child cognitive language motor development parenting practices low middleincome countries compared highincome countries significantly greater effects child cognitive development parenting knowledge parenting practices parentchild interactions programs focused responsive caregiving compared hand clear evidence effect modification child age intervention duration delivery setting study risk bias study limitations include considerable unexplained heterogeneity inadequate reporting intervention content implementation varying quality evidence terms conduct trials robustness outcome measures used across studies conclusions parenting interventions children first 3 years life effective improving ecd outcomes enhancing parenting outcomes across low middle highincome countries increasing implementation effective highquality parenting interventions needed globally scale order support parents enable young children achieve full developmental potential
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256195
|
Christian Kubb|Heather M. Foran
|
Online Health Information Seeking by Parents for Their Children: Systematic Review and Agenda for Further Research
| 2,020 |
University of Klagenfurt|University of Klagenfurt
|
background parents commonly use internet search information childs healthrelated symptoms guide parental healthrelated decisions despite impact parental online health seeking offline health behaviors area research remains understudied previous literature adequately distinguished searched behaviors searching oneself ones child objective purpose review examine prevalences associated variables parentchild online health information seeking investigate parents healthrelated online behavior regarding find use evaluate information identify barriers concerns experience search based analysis develop conceptual model potentially important variables proxy online health information seeking focus building agenda research methods conducted comprehensive systematic literature review psycinfo jmir pubmed electronic databases studies january 1994 june 2018 considered conceptual model developed using inductive mixed methods approach based investigated variables study sample results total 33 studies met inclusion criteria findings suggest parents worldwide heavy online users healthrelated information children across highly diverse circumstances total 6 studies found high parental health anxiety prevalences ranging 14 52 although parents reported wishing guidance pediatrician find reliable information rarely discussed retrieved information web conceptual model proxy online health information seeking includes 49 variables conclusions systematic review identifies important gaps regarding influence healthrelated information parents health behavior outcomes followup studies required offer parents guidance use web health purposes effective way well solutions multifaceted problems online health information seeking child conceptual model number studies model category listed highlights previous studies hardly considered relational variables parent child agenda future research presented
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.112979
|
Kathleen Meeske|Sandra Sherman?Bien|Ann S. Hamilton|Anamara Ritt Olson|Rhona I. Slaughter|Aura Kuperberg|Joel Milam
|
Mental health disparities between hispanic and non-hispanic parents of childhood cancer survivors
| 2,013 |
Children's Hospital of Los Angeles|University of Southern California|Miller Children's & Women's Hospital|University of Southern California|University of Southern California|University of Southern California|Children's Hospital of Los Angeles|University of Southern California
|
background parents childhood cancer survivors ccs experience considerable distress related childs cancer however little known cultural variation experience examine parental distress specifically symptoms posttraumatic stress ptss depression comparing hispanic nonhispanic parents ccs procedure seventynine hispanic 60 nonhispanic parents ccs currently aged 1425 treatment 2 years completed questionnaires assessing demographics depression ptss perceived stress childs health statusquality life qol ttests chisquare statistics used compare differences demographic characteristics hispanic nonhispanic parents multivariable regression used determine independent risk factors associated parental ptss depression results hispanic parents significantly younger less education lower incomes reported significantly ptss depressive symptoms nonhispanic parents pvalues 00001 among hispanic parents foreign birthplace predicted higher ptss controlling factors p 0001 hispanic parents regardless birthplace reported depressive symptoms nonhispanic parents usborn p 005 foreignborn p 001 ptss depression positive relationships parental stress negative relationships childs psychosocial qol hispanic nonhispanic ccs differ significantly disease treatment factors healthrelated qol conclusions hispanic parents ccs may greater risk poorer mental health outcomes ethnicspecific factors eg acculturation immigration status previous trauma may influence parents responses adjustment childs cancer research needed determine meet needs vulnerable parents pediatr blood cancer 201316014701477 2013 wiley periodicals inc
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082116
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George C. Patton|Carolyn Coffey|John B. Carlin|Lena Sanci|Susan ? Sawyer
|
Prognosis of adolescent partial syndromes of eating disorder
| 2,008 |
Murdoch Children's Research Institute|Murdoch Children's Research Institute|Murdoch Children's Research Institute|University of Melbourne|University of Melbourne|Murdoch Children's Research Institute
|
background partial syndromes eating disorder common adolescents health significance syndromes remains uncertain aims document health social adjustment young adulthood females assessed partial syndrome eating disorder adolescence method community sample 1943 participants tracked 10 years eightwave cohort study partial syndrome defined fulfilment least two dsmiv criteria either anorexia bulimia nervosa one assessment ages 15 years 17 years results partial syndromes found 94 15 17yearold female participants 14 males instances progression partial syndromes fully fledged anorexia bulimia nervosa however among partial syndromes depressive anxiety symptoms two three times higher young adulthood substance misuse common majority partial syndrome anorexia nervosa still underweight mid20s conclusions given level subsequent psychopathology social role impairment may justification initiating trials preventive early clinical intervention strategies adolescent partial syndromes
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https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.119.013592
|
Alicia Chung|Azizi Seixas|Natasha Williams|Yalini Senathirajah|Rebecca Robbins|Valerie Newsome Garcia|Joseph Ravenell|Girardin Jean-Louis
|
Development of “Advancing People of Color in Clinical Trials Now!”: Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
| 2,020 |
New York University|New York University|New York University|University of Pittsburgh|Brigham and Women's Hospital|Morehouse School of Medicine|New York University|New York University
|
background participation clinical trials among people color remains low compared white subjects protocol describes development advancing people color clinical trials act culturally tailored website designed influence clinical trial decision making among people color objective cluster randomized study aims test efficacy culturally tailored website increase literacy selfefficacy willingness enroll clinical trials among people color methods act randomized trial including 2 groups 1 intervention group n50 access culturally tailored website 2 control group n50 exposed standard clinical recruitment website clinical trial literacy willingness enroll clinical trial measured exposure website corresponding assigned group intervention control surveys conducted baseline 1month postintervention 3month followup website architecture wireframing informed literature experts field statistical analysis conducted using twotailed test 80 power 05 alpha level increase clinical trial literacy selfefficacy willingness enroll clinical trials 3 months post intervention results design culturally tailored website provide leverage community stakeholders influence clinical trial literacy selfefficacy willingness enroll clinical trials among racial ethnic groups act applies communitybased participatory research approach use community steering committee csc csc provides input research study conception development implementation enrollment csc relationships help foster trust among communities color act potential fill gap clinical trial enrollment among people color accessible webbased website study funded july 2017 obtained institutional review board approval spring 2017 december 2019 enrolled 100 participants data analyses expected completed june 2020 expected results published fall 2020 conclusions act potential fill important gap clinical trial enrollment among people color accessible webbased website trial registration clinicaltrialsgov nct03243071 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2shownct00102401 international registered report identifier irrid derr110219617589
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.109.860841
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Jorge Luis González Pérez|Zachary A. Mosher|Shawna L. Watson|Evan D. Sheppard|Eugene W. Brabston|Gerald McGwin|Brent A. Ponce
|
Readability of Orthopaedic Patient-reported Outcome Measures: Is There a Fundamental Failure to Communicate?
| 2,017 |
University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Alabama at Birmingham|University of Alabama at Birmingham
|
background patientreported outcome measures proms increasingly used quantify patients perceptions functional ability american medical association nih suggest patient materials written 6th 8th grade reading levels respectively yet one recent study asserts proms comply recommendations suggests majority proms written high reading level selfadministered patient use notably study limited use one readability algorithm although commonly accepted standard readability algorithm healthcarerelated materials study using multiple readability equations heeding equal weight hopes yield broader allencompassing estimate readability thereby offering accurate assessment readability orthopaedic proms questionspurposes 1 proportion orthopaedicrelated proms orthopaedicrelated portions nih patient reported outcomes measurement information system promis written 6th 8th grade levels 2 correlation number questions prom reading level 3 using systematic edits based guidelines centers medicare medicaid services proportion proms achieved american medical association nihrecommended reading levels methods eightysix 86 independent orthopaedic general wellness proms drawn commonly referenced orthopaedic websites prior studies chosen analysis additionally owing increasing use orthopaedics four relevant short forms 11 adult physical health question banks promis included analysis documents analyzed reading grade levels using 19 unique readability algorithms descriptive statistics performed using spss version 220 results majority independent proms 64 86 74 written 6th grade level 81 86 94 written 8th grade level item banks 11 11 short forms four four promis written 6th grade reading level median reading grade level 86 independent proms 50 interquartile range iqr 4661 promis question banks median reading grade level 41 iqr 3548 adult short forms median reading grade level 42 iqr 4243 correlation appreciated median reading grade level number questions contained prom r 0081 p 0460 proms nihrecommended levels following edits five five achieved nih reading level goals three three five achieved american medical association goals editing proms improved readability 43 median grade level 89 iqr 8491 46 iqr 4664 difference medians 43 p 0008 conclusions patient literacy great influence healthcare outcomes readability important consideration patientdirected written materials study found 70 proms commonly used orthopaedics orthopaedicrelated portions promis written stringent recommendations 6th grade reading level 90 independent proms promis materials written 8th grade level additionally use centers medicare medicaid services guidelines editing high reading level proms yields satisfactory results clinical relevance fears widely incomprehensible proms may unfounded future research identify appropriate readability algorithm use healthcare sector revalidation proms readabilityimproving edits warranted
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.118.010342
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Anna Winterbottom|Teresa Gavaruzzi|Andrew Mooney|Martin Wilkie|Simon Davies|D. Crane|Ken Tupling|Paul D. Baxter|David Meads|Nigel Mathers|Hilary Bekker
|
Patient Acceptability of the Yorkshire Dialysis Decision AID (YODDA) Booklet: A Prospective Non-Randomized Comparison Study across 6 Predialysis Services
| 2,016 |
University of Leeds|University of Leeds|St James's University Hospital|Sheffield Kidney Institute|Kidney Care UK|Kidney Care UK|Northern General Hospital|University of Leeds|University of Leeds|Northern General Hospital|University of Leeds
|
background patients satisfied kidney care want support making dialysis choices predialysis leaflets vary across services sufficient enable patients informed decision making describe acceptability patient decision aid feasibility evaluating effectiveness within usual predialysis practice methods prospective nonrandomized comparison design usual care usual care plus yorkshire dialysis decision aid booklet yodda 6 referral centers yorkshirehumber uk patients sustained deterioration kidney function consenting c patients completed questionnaires predialysis consultation t1 6 weeks later t2 measures assessed yoddas utility support patients decisions integration within usual care results usual care n 105 yodda n 84 participant characteristics similar male 62 white 94 age mean 626 standard deviation sd 144 kidney disease severity glomerular filtration rate egfr mean 147 sd 37 decisional conflict lt 25 choicepreference home versus hospital dialysis approximately 5050 patients valued receiving yodda reading 96 sharing family 72 yodda participants higher scores understanding kidney disease reasoning options feeling control sharing decision family study engagement varied center estimated range 14 49 mean 45 participants varied completion decision quality measures conclusions receiving yodda part predialysis education valued useful patients worsening kidney disease integrating yodda actively within predialysis programs meet clinical guidelines patient need support dialysis decision making context patients lifestyle
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001170
|
Luca Frank|Susann Hueber|Thomas Kühlein|Angela Schedlbauer|Marco Roos
|
Zwischen Evidenz und Praxis: Wie bewerten Hausärzte Früherkennungsmaßnahmen? Eine Fragebogenstudie
| 2,018 |
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg|Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
|
background patients receiving screening intervention informed risks benefits part physician requires understanding statistical evidence statistical literacy objectives general practitioners gps make different recommendations screening interventions rely statistics compared decisions everyday practice decisions relying statistics decisions made everyday practice consistent official recommendations way presenting numbers table versus pictogram affect decision methods online survey among german gps gps asked make recommendations three different screening scenarios based statistical evidence existing screening interventions avoid bias statistics presented relation actual diseases numbers presented either table pictogram afterwards gps asked recommendations screening interventions everyday practice results fortythree gps surveyed compared everyday medical practice participants less likely recommend screening intervention confronted underlying statistical evidence f 1 3 10483 p 002 partial 2 97 decisions everyday practice consistent official recommendations decisions relying statistics likely deviate everyday practice 179 sd 077 scenario 144 sd 080 42 229 p 03 way numbers presented affect decision 127 183 p 07 conclusions everyday practice gps screening recommendations seem based statistical evidence presumably would reluctant recommend screening interventions knew statistical evidence
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004275
|
Thomas Timmers|Loes Janssen|Walter van der Weegen|Dirk Das|Willem J.C.M. Marijnissen|Gerjon Hannink|Babette C van der Zwaard|Adriaan Plat|Bregje J.W. Thomassen|Jesse J. Swen|Rudolf B Kool|Frederik O. Lambers Heerspink
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The Effect of an App for Day-to-Day Postoperative Care Education on Patients With Total Knee Replacement: Randomized Controlled Trial
| 2,019 |
Radboud University Medical Center|Radboud University Nijmegen|Máxima Medisch Centrum|Radboud University Nijmegen|St. Anna Ziekenhuis|St. Anna Ziekenhuis|Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis|Radboud University Nijmegen|Radboud University Medical Center|Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis|Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis|Medisch Centrum Haaglanden|Medisch Centrum Haaglanden|Radboud University Nijmegen|Radboud University Medical Center|VieCuri Medisch Centrum
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background patients undergo primary total knee replacement surgery tkr often discharged within 13 days surgery relatively short length hospital stay patients selfmanagement crucial factor optimizing outcome treatment case tkr selfmanagement primarily involves adequate pain management followed physiotherapy exercises daily selfcare activities patients educated topics hospital staff upon discharge hospital often struggle comprehend information due quantity complexity passive mode communication used convey objective study primarily aims determine whether actively educating tkr patients timely daytoday postoperative care information app could lead decrease level pain compared receive standard information recovery app addition physical functioning quality life ability perform physiotherapy exercises daily selfcare activities satisfaction information perceived involvement hospital health care consumption also assessed methods multicenter randomized controlled trial performed five dutch hospitals total 213 patients undergone elective primary unilateral tkr participated patients access app smartphone tablet guide discharge intervention group could unlock daytoday information entering personal code control group received weekly basic information primary level pain secondary outcomes physical functioning quality life ability perform physiotherapy exercises activities daily selfcare satisfaction information perceived involvement hospital health care consumption measured using selfreported online questionnaires outcomes measured weekly four weeks discharge except physical functioning quality life measured baseline four weeks discharge data analyzed using student tests chisquare tests linear mixed models repeated measures results total 114 patients enrolled intervention group ig 99 control group cg four weeks discharge patients ig performed significantly better patients cg dimensions pain pain rest mean 345 vs mean 459 p001 pain activity mean 399 vs mean 508 pamplt001 pain night mean 418 vs mean 521 p003 additionally significant differences demonstrated favor intervention group secondary outcomes conclusions four weeks following tkr active daytoday education patients via app significantly decreased level pain improved physical functioning quality life ability perform physiotherapy exercises activities daily selfcare satisfaction information perceived involvement hospital health care consumption compared standard patient education given rising number tkr patients increased emphasis selfmanagement suggest using app timely postoperative care education standard part care trial registration netherlands trial register ntr7182 httpswwwtrialregisternltrial6992
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12267
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Liza?Marie Johnson|April Sykes|Zhaohua Lu|Jessica M. Valdez|Jami Gattuso|Elsie L. Gerhardt|Kayla V. Hamilton|Lyn Harrison|Stacy J. Hines?Dowell|Niki Jurbergs|Rose B. McGee|Regina Nuccio|Annastasia Ouma|Michele Pritchard|Emily A. Quinn|Justin N. Baker|Belinda N. Mandrell|Kim E. Nichols
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Speaking genomics to parents offered germline testing for cancer predisposition: Use of a 2?visit consent model
| 2,019 |
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|University of New Mexico|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|Keck Graduate Institute|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital|St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
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background patients cancer increasingly offered genomic sequencing including germline testing cancer predisposition disorders testing unfamiliar patients families clear communication needed introduce genomic concepts convey risk benefit information methods parents children cancer offered opportunity childrens tumor germline examined clinical genomic sequencing families introduced study 2visit informed consent model baseline genetic knowledge selfreported literacynumeracy collected study introduction visit basic concepts related genomic sequencing discussed information reinforced second visit informed consent obtained posttest administered results reflected percentage correct answers pretest posttest assessments model increased genetic knowledge 111 778 889 p lt 0001 121 parents participating study introduction consent visits percentage parents correctly identifying meaning somatic germline mutations increased significantly 18 59 somatic 31 64 germline p lt 0001 nevertheless concepts remained unfamiliar onethird parents relation identified change overall percentage correct answers selfreported literacy numeracy demographics conclusions use 2visit communication model improved knowledge concepts relevant genomic sequencing particularly differences somatic germline testing however areas remained confusing many participants reinforcement may necessary achieve complete understanding
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https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12965
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Eleanor Bimla Schwarz|Mindy Sobota|Ralph Gonzales|Barbara Gerbert
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Computerized Counseling for Folate Knowledge and Use
| 2,008 |
Magee-Womens Research Institute|University of Pittsburgh|Montefiore Medical Center|University of California, San Francisco|University of California, San Francisco
|
background periconception folate supplementation significantly reduces risk neuraltube defects us women start folate supplementation pregnancy amount clinician time available counsel patients folate limited study evaluated whether computerassisted counseling provision free folate tablets increases womens knowledge use folate supplements design randomized controlled trial followup began 6 months enrollment completed average 7 months enrollment settingparticipants total 446 women aged 1845 years recruited two urgent care clinics san francisco march july 2005 data collection completed 2006 data analyzed 2007 intervention participants received 15minute computerized educational session 200 folate tablets main outcome measures primary outcome knowledge folate prevent birth defects secondary outcomes included selfreported use folate supplement followup results followup women intervention group likely know folate prevents birth defects 46 vs 27 relative risk rr172 95 ci132 223 know folate important early pregnancy 36 vs 17 rr211 95 ci150 297 report recent use folate supplement 32 vs 21 rr154 95 ci112 213 conclusions onetime brief computerized counseling session folate provision free folate tablets increased knowledge use folate supplements among women 6 months later trial registration nct00177515 periconception folate supplementation significantly reduces risk neuraltube defects us women start folate supplementation pregnancy amount clinician time available counsel patients folate limited study evaluated whether computerassisted counseling provision free folate tablets increases womens knowledge use folate supplements randomized controlled trial followup began 6 months enrollment completed average 7 months enrollment total 446 women aged 1845 years recruited two urgent care clinics san francisco march july 2005 data collection completed 2006 data analyzed 2007 participants received 15minute computerized educational session 200 folate tablets primary outcome knowledge folate prevent birth defects secondary outcomes included selfreported use folate supplement followup followup women intervention group likely know folate prevents birth defects 46 vs 27 relative risk rr172 95 ci132 223 know folate important early pregnancy 36 vs 17 rr211 95 ci150 297 report recent use folate supplement 32 vs 21 rr154 95 ci112 213 onetime brief computerized counseling session folate provision free folate tablets increased knowledge use folate supplements among women 6 months later
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2017.07.011
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Rahul Bawankule|Abhishek Singh|Kaushalendra Kumar|Sadanand Shetye
|
Does Measles Vaccination Reduce the Risk of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) and Diarrhea in Children: A Multi-Country Study?
| 2,017 |
International Institute for Population Sciences|International Institute for Population Sciences|International Institute for Population Sciences
|
background pneumonia diarrhea occur either complications secondary infections measles affected children integrated global action plan pneumonia diarrhea gappd unicef includes measles vaccination preventive measure children objective study examine effect measles vaccination acute respiratory infection ari diarrhea children democratic republic congo ethiopia india nigeria pakistan methods analyzed data recent rounds demographic health surveys dhs selected countries included children age 1259 months analysis used multivariable binary logistic regression examine effect measles vaccination ari diarrhea children also estimated vaccination effectiveness findings 60 percent children age 1259 months given measles vaccine survey democratic republic congo ethiopia india pakistan children given measles vaccine less likely suffer ari unvaccinated children india pakistan children given measles vaccine lower risk diarrhea receive selected countries except ethiopia measles vaccination associated reduction ari cases 1530 percent india pakistan diarrhea cases 1222 percent democratic republic congo india nigeria pakistan conclusion receipt measles vaccine associated decrease ari diarrhea children immunization program must ensure child gets recommended doses measles vaccine appropriate age measles vaccination given attention preventive intervention global action plan pneumonia diarrhea gappd low middleincome countries
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https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.6.557
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Stephen Machin|Sandra McNally|Gill Wyness
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Educational attainment across the UK nations: performance, inequality and evidence
| 2,013 |
University College London|London School of Economics and Political Science|London School of Economics and Political Science|University of Surrey|London School of Economics and Political Science
|
background political devolution occurred uk 199899 following many years degree policy administration devolved four nations since devolution four countries uk pursued increasingly divergent education policies true england particular diversity choice competition become key focus education policy political divergence four nations gives us opportunity appraise differences similarities educational policies outcomes four uk nations purpose article comparative review education reforms constituent countries uk particular focus value money main aims article 1 outline key differences educational systems terms school type choice competition educational resources pedagogy 2 describe countries compare terms educational attainment compulsory schooling years 3 examine inequalities educational attainment gender socioeconomic status different countries compare measures 4 examine existing evidence effectiveness value money different education policies programmes different countries sources evidence use variety sources evidence achieve aims undertake literature review existing evidence effectiveness value money different programmes policies taken place across uk also collate undertake analysis data educational outcomes published statistics sourced national statistics offices country easier confident comparisons based international data sets case students taken exactly test also compile analyse survey data international surveys educational attainment pisa pirls timss main argument argue systems four countries uk becoming increasingly divergent still many similarities borne evidence educational outcomes show many similarities four countries similarities positive impacts many policies programmes adopted england may relevance scotland wales northern ireland conclusions find evidence increasing school resources improves results also targeted spending benefits able pupils disadvantaged backgrounds also find positive results several programmes evaluating education policies four nations terms value money therefore whether scope adopted represents bigger challenge whilst value money certain policies literacy hour reasonably well measured many policies value money hard pin accurately however forms important direction future research
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/29.5.885
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Todd Ruppar|Pamela S. Cooper|David R. Mehr|Janet M. Delgado|Jacqueline Dunbar?Jacob
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Medication Adherence Interventions Improve Heart Failure Mortality and Readmission Rates: Systematic Review and Meta?Analysis of Controlled Trials
| 2,016 |
University of Missouri|University of Missouri|University of Missouri|University of Missouri|University of Pittsburgh
|
background poor adherence medications common problem among heart failure hf patients inadequate adherence leads increased hf exacerbations reduced physical function higher risk hospital admission death many interventions tested improve adherence hf medications overall impact interventions readmissions mortality unknown methods results conducted comprehensive search systematic review intervention studies testing interventions improve adherence hf medications mortality readmission outcome effect sizes es calculated reported data es combined using randomeffects model metaanalysis methods differences true betweenstudy effects expected variation study populations interventions es differences attributed study design sample intervention characteristics assessed using moderator analyses sufficient data available assessed publication bias using funnel plots comprehensive searches yielded 6665 individual citations ultimately yielded 57 eligible studies overall medication adherence interventions found significantly reduce mortality risk among hf patients relative risk 089 95 ci 081 099 decrease odds hospital readmission odds ratio 079 95 ci 071 089 heterogeneity low moderator analyses detect differences es common sources potential study bias conclusions interventions improve medication adherence among hf patients significant effects reducing readmissions decreasing mortality medication adherence addressed regular followup visits hf patients interventions improve adherence key part hf selfcare programs
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12053
|
Viren Swami
|
Mental Health Literacy of Depression: Gender Differences and Attitudinal Antecedents in a Representative British Sample
| 2,012 |
University of Westminster
|
background poor mental health literacy negative attitudes toward individuals mental health disorders may impede optimal helpseeking symptoms mental illhealth present study examined ability recognize cases depression function respondent target gender well individual psychological differences attitudes toward persons depression methods representative british general population survey ability correctly recognize vignettes depression assessed among 1218 adults respondents also rated vignettes along number attitudinal dimensions completed measures attitudes toward seeking psychological help psychiatric skepticism antiscientific attitudes results significant differences ability correctly identify cases depression function respondent target gender respondents likely indicate male vignette suffer mental health disorder compared female vignette women likely men indicate male vignette suffered mental health disorder attitudes toward persons depression associated attitudes toward seeking psychological help psychiatric skepticism antiscientific attitudes conclusion initiatives consider impact gender stereotypes well individual differences may enhance mental health literacy turn associated improved helpseeking behaviors symptoms mental illhealth
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12199
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Sophia Vijay|Prahlad Kumar|L. S. Chauhan|Balasangameshwara Hanumanthappa Vollepore|Unnikrishnan Pallikkara Kizhakkethil|Sumathi Govinda Rao
|
Risk Factors Associated with Default among New Smear Positive TB Patients Treated Under DOTS in India
| 2,010 |
National Tuberculosis Institute|National Tuberculosis Institute|Ministry of Health and Family Welfare|Bangalore Diabetes Centre|National Tuberculosis Institute
|
background poor treatment adherence leading risk drug resistance treatment failure relapse death persistent infectiousness remains impediment tuberculosis control programmes objective study identify predictors default among new smear positive tb patients registered treatment suggest possible interventions set right problems sustain enhance programme performance methodology principal findings twenty districts selected six states assigned six strata formed considering geographic sociocultural demographic setup area new smear positive patients registered treatment two consecutive quarters iii quarter 2004 iii quarter 2005 formed retrospective study cohort case control analysis done including defaulted patients cases equal number age sex matched patients completing treatment controls presence degree association default determinant factors computed univariate multivariate logistic regression analysis data collection patient interviews using pretested semi structured questionnaire review treatment related records information wide range socio demographic patient related factors obtained among 687 defaulted equal numbers patients completed group 389 540 patients respectively satisfactorily interviewed logistic regression analysis factors independently associated default alcoholism aor172 123244 illiteracy aor140 103192 commitments treatment aor322 11909 inadequate knowledge tb aor188135263 poor patient provider interaction aor172123244 lack support health staff aor193141264 instances missed doses aor256182357 side effects anti tb drugs aor255 187347 dissatisfaction services provided aor173 11426 conclusion majority risk factors default treatment provider oriented rectifiable appropriate interventions would help sustaining good programme performance
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006577
|
Edward Fottrell|Naveed Ahmed|Sanjit Kumer Shaha|Hannah Jennings|Abdul Kuddus|Joanna Morrison|Kohenour Akter|Badrun Nahar|Tasmin Nahar|Hassan Haghparast?Bidgoli|Azad Khan|Anthony Costello|Kishwar Azad
|
Diabetes knowledge and care practices among adults in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey
| 2,018 |
University College London|University College London|University College London|University College London|University College London
|
background population knowledge prevent detect control diabetes critical public health initiatives tackle disease undertook crosssectional survey adults rural bangladesh estimate knowledge practices related diabetes methods 96 villages faridpur district trained fieldworkers surveyed 12 140 randomly selected men women aged 30 collected data sociodemographic status knowledge diabetes history blood urine glucose testing fasting 2hour postglucose load capillary blood tests ascertained diabetic status respondents levels knowledge practices analysed sociodemographic characteristics diabetic status results population showed low levels diabetes knowledge overall one three adults able report valid causes disease knowledge diabetes causes symptoms complications prevention control significantly associated age education wealth employment 14 respondents reported ever blood glucose test strong associations wealth observed least poor relative poor 291 232366 784 known diabetics ie prior diagnosis reported monitor blood glucose levels least monthly basis however better knowledge causes odds relative normoglycaemic individuals 162 123209 symptoms 517 341782 complications 518 375714 prevention 418 304574 control 843 4831471 conclusion knowledge diabetes among rural adults faridpur extremely poor levels diabetes testing low monitoring blood glucose among known diabetics infrequent diabetes prevention control efforts population must include largescale awareness initiatives focus highrisk individuals whole population trial registration number isrctn41083256 preresults
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/20359
|
Moria Golan|Noaa Hagay|Snait Tamir
|
The Effect of “In Favor of Myself”: Preventive Program to Enhance Positive Self and Body Image among Adolescents
| 2,013 |
Hebrew University of Jerusalem|Tel Hai Academic College|Hebrew University of Jerusalem|Tel Hai Academic College
|
background positive selfesteem emotional wellbeing school achievements family connectedness considered protective factors healthcompromising behaviors study examined effect interactive communitybased media literacy dissonance wellness program favor selfimage body image eating attitudes behavior young adolescents preliminary cohort study conducted among 972 program participants take part controlled trial 75 participants said would recommend program friends methods controlled trial conducted evaluate program acceptability efficacy effectiveness among 259 participants 210 intervention group 49 control group aged 1214 years completed questionnaires least two assessment times program materials provided along leaders training order ensure quality program delivery creation wide network committed program leaders results program significantly reduced drive thinness selfworth contingent upon others approval gap current body figure ideal figure impact mood girls selfimage superiority found among participating intervention group respect recognizing media strategies influence media desire change influence appearance selfconfidence drive thinness conclusions favor shows promising results strengthening adolescents ability cope challenges life stage suggestions improving favor presented
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003655
|
Brian R. Englum|Cassandra V. Villegas|Oluwaseyi Bolorunduro|Elliott R. Haut|Edward E. Cornwell|David T. Efron|Adil H. Haider
|
Racial, Ethnic, and Insurance Status Disparities in Use of Posthospitalization Care after Trauma
| 2,011 |
Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Howard University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Howard University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins Medicine
|
background posthospitalization care important recovery trauma disadvantaged populations like racial ethnic minorities uninsured make substantial percentages trauma patients use posthospitalization facilities unknown study design study analyzed national trauma data bank admissions 2007 18 64yearolds estimated relative risk ratios rrr discharge posthospitalization facilitieshome home health rehabilitation nursing facilityby race ethnicity insurance multinomial logistic regression adjusted patient characteristics including age sex injury severity score mechanism injury length stay among others results 136239 patients met inclusion criteria data analysis patients discharged home 789 fewer went home health 33 rehabilitation 50 nursing facilities 54 compared white patients adjusted analysis relative risk ratios discharge rehabilitation 061 95 ci 056 066 044 95 ci 040 049 blacks hispanics respectively compared privately insured white patients hispanics lower rates discharge rehabilitation whether privately insured rrr 045 95 ci 040 052 publicly insured rrr 051 95 ci 042 061 uninsured rrr 020 95 ci 017 024 black patients similarly low rates private rrr 063 95 ci 056 071 public rrr 072 95 ci 063 082 uninsured rrr 027 95 ci 023 032 relative risk ratios discharge home health nursing facilities showed similar trends among blacks hispanics regardless insurance except black patients insurance whose discharge nursing facilities similar white counterparts conclusions disadvantaged populations limited use posthospitalization care rehabilitation trauma suggesting potential improvement trauma care underprivileged
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd010070.pub2
|
Hannah Kuper|Sarah Polack|Wanjiku Mathenge|Cristina Eusebio|Zakia Wadud|Mamunur Akm Rashid|Allen Foster
|
Does Cataract Surgery Alleviate Poverty? Evidence from a Multi-Centre Intervention Study Conducted in Kenya, the Philippines and Bangladesh
| 2,010 |
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Cataract Foundation of the Philippines|Child Health Research Foundation|Khulna Medical College|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
|
background poverty blindness believed intimately linked empirical data supporting purported relationship sparse objective study assess whether reduction poverty cataract surgery among visually impaired cases methodologyprincipal findings multicentre intervention study conducted three countries kenya philippines bangladesh poverty data household per capita expenditure pce asset ownership selfrated wealth collected cases aged 50 years visually impaired due cataract visual acuity624 better eye agesex matched controls normal vision cases offered freesubsidised cataract surgery approximately one year later participants reinterviewed poverty 466 cases 436 controls examined baseline followup follow rate 78 cases 81 controls 263 cases undergone cataract surgery operated cases baseline operated cases poorer compared controls terms pce kenya 22 versus 35 p 002 bangladesh 16 vs 24 p 0004 philippines 24 vs 32 p 00007 assets selfrated wealth followup pce increased significantly among operated cases three settings level controls kenya 30 versus 36 p 049 bangladesh 23 vs 23 p 020 philippines 45 vs 36 p 068 smaller increases selfrated wealth changes assets changes pce apparent different sociodemographic ocular groups largest pce increases apparent among cases poorest baseline conclusionssignificance study showed cataract surgery contribute poverty alleviation particularly among vulnerable members society study highlights need increased provision cataract surgery poor people shows focus blindness may help alleviate poverty achieve millennium development goals
|
https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2015.95
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Mosoka Fallah|Laura Skrip|Shai Gertler|Dan Yamin|Alison P. Galvani
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Quantifying Poverty as a Driver of Ebola Transmission
| 2,015 |
University of Liberia|Yale University|Yale University|Yale University|Tel Aviv University|Yale University|University of Liberia|Yale University
|
background poverty implicated challenge control current ebola outbreak west africa although disparities affected countries appreciated disparities within west african countries investigated drivers ebola transmission quantify role poverty plays transmission ebola analyzed heterogeneity ebola incidence transmission factors among 300 communities categorized socioeconomic status ses within montserrado county liberia methodologyprincipal findings evaluated 4437 ebola cases reported february 28 2014 december 1 2014 montserrado county determine sesstratified temporal trends drivers ebola transmission dataset including dates symptom onset hospitalization death specified community residence used stratify cases high middle low ses additionally information 9129 contacts provided subset 1585 traced individuals evaluate transmission within across socioeconomic subpopulations well trajectory outbreak analyzed data timedependent stochastic model cases impoverished communities reported three contacts average cases high ses communities p0001 transmission model shows infected individuals middle low ses communities associated 15 95 ci 1416 35 95 ci 3139 times many secondary cases high ses communities respectively furthermore spread ebola across montserrado county originated areas lower ses conclusionssignificance individuals areas poverty associated high rates transmission spread ebola regions thus ebola could effectively prevented contained disease interventions targeted areas extreme poverty funding dedicated development projects meet basic needs
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdl066
|
George Demiris|Sarah Iribarren|Katherine Sward|Solim Lee|Rumei Yang
|
Patient generated health data use in clinical practice: A systematic review
| 2,019 |
University of Pennsylvania|University of Washington|University of Utah|University of Pennsylvania|University of Utah
|
background precision health calls collecting analyzing large amounts data capture individuals unique behavior lifestyle genetics environmental context diffusion digital tools led significant growth patient generated health data pghd defined healthrelated data created gathered inferred patients patient controls data collection data sharing purpose assessed current evidence impact pghd use clinical practice provide recommendations formal integration pghd clinical care methods searched pubmed ovid embase cinahl web science scopus may 2018 inclusion criteria applied four reviewers screened titles abstracts consequently full articles findings systematic literature review identified 21 studies examined use pghd clinical settings integration pghd electronic records extremely limited decision support capabilities part basic discussion pghd types patientreported data part health care system narrative must continue efforts understand impact health outcomes costs patient satisfaction nursing scientists need lead process defining role pghd era precision health
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.118.011793
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Natalia M. Grindler|Amanda A. Allshouse|Emily S. Jungheim|Theresa L. Powell|Thomas Jansson|Alex J. Polotsky
|
OBGYN screening for environmental exposures: A call for action
| 2,018 |
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus|Colorado School of Public Health|University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus|Washington University in St. Louis|University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus|University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus|University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
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background prenatal exposures known adverse effects maternal neonatal outcomes professional societies recommend routine screening environmental occupational dietary exposures reduce exposures associated sequelae objective objective determine frequency environmental exposure screening obstetricians gynecologists obgyns initial patient visits study design practicing obgyns approached university colorado social media survey instrument queried demographics environmental literacy screening practices statistical analysis performed using chisquare twosample ttest results received 312 online survey responses response rate 12 responding obgyns predominantly female 96 boardcertified 78 generalists 65 mean age 371 years fewer half physicians screened following factors occupational exposures environmental chemicals air pollution pesticide use personal care products household cleaners water source use plastics food storage lead mercury exposure eighty five percent respondents reported feel comfortable obtaining environmental history 58 respondents reported performed regular screening environmental exposures higher frequency screening associated 4 years practice p 0001 read environmental committee opinion p 0001 conclusion majority obgyns incorporate screening known environmental exposures routine practice reading environmental committee opinions strongly significantly associated higher rate screening improving physician comfort counseling patients may enhance screening exposures affect reproductive health
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192417
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Keith Morse|Nicolai P Ostberg|Veena G. Jones|Albert S. Chan
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Use Characteristics and Triage Acuity of a Digital Symptom Checker in a Large Integrated Health System: Population-Based Descriptive Study
| 2,020 |
Stanford University|Stanford University|Sutter Health|Palo Alto Institute|Sutter Health|Palo Alto Institute
|
background pressure us health care system increasing due combination aging populations rising health care expenditures recently covid19 pandemic responses pressure hindered part reliance limited supply highly trained health care professionals creating need scalable technological solutions digital symptom checkers artificial intelligencesupported software tools use conversational chatbot format support rapid diagnosis consistent triage covid19 pandemic brought new attention tools due need avoid facetoface contact preserve urgent care capacity however evidencebased deployment chatbots requires understanding user demographics associated triage recommendations generated large general population objective study evaluate user demographics levels triage acuity provided symptom checker chatbot deployed partnership large integrated health system united states methods populationbased descriptive study included webbased symptom assessments completed website patient portal sutter health system 24 hospitals northern california april 24 2019 february 1 2020 user demographics compared relevant us census population data results total 26646 symptom assessments completed study period assessments 1781626646 669 completed female users mean user age 343 years sd 144 years compared median age 373 years general population common initial symptom abdominal pain 206026646 77 substantial number assessments 1235726646 464 completed outside typical physician office hours users advised seek medical care day 729926646 274 within 23 days 630126646 236 quarter assessments indicated high degree urgency 772326646 290 conclusions users symptom checker chatbot broadly representative patient population although skewed toward younger female users triage recommendations comparable nursestaffed telephone triage lines although emergence covid19 increased interest remote medical assessment tools important take evidencebased approach deployment
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https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001285
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Hannah Blencowe|Simon Cousens|Mikkel Z. Oestergaard|Doris Chou|Ann?Beth Moller|Rajesh Narwal|Alma J Adler|Claudia Vera Garcia|Sarah Rohde|Lale Say|Joy E Lawn
|
National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications
| 2,012 |
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|World Health Organization|World Health Organization|World Health Organization|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|University of Cape Town|World Health Organization|City of Cape Town
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background preterm birth second largest direct cause child deaths children younger 5 years yet data regarding preterm birth 37 completed weeks gestation routinely collected un agencies systematic country estimates time trend analyses done report worldwide regional national estimates preterm birth rates 184 countries 2010 time trends selected countries provide quantitative assessment uncertainty surrounding estimates methods assessed various data sources according prespecified inclusion criteria national registries 563 datapoints 51 countries reproductive health surveys 13 datapoints eight countries studies identified systematic searches unpublished data 162 datapoints 40 countries included 55 countries submitted additional data whos country consultation process 13 countries adequate quality quantity data estimated preterm birth rates using countrylevel loess regression 2010 171 countries two regional multilevel statistical models developed estimate preterm birth rates 2010 estimated time trends 1990 2010 65 countries reliable time trend data 10 000 livebirths per year calculated uncertainty ranges countries findings 2010 estimated 149 million babies uncertainty range 123181 million born preterm 111 livebirths worldwide ranging 5 several european countries 18 african countries 60 preterm babies born south asia subsaharan africa 52 global livebirths occur preterm birth also affects rich countries example usa high rates one ten countries highest numbers preterm births 65 countries estimated time trends three croatia ecuador estonia reduced preterm birth rates 19902010 interpretation burden preterm birth substantial increasing regions reliable data improved recording pregnancy outcomes standard application preterm definitions important recommend addition dataquality indicator per cent live preterm births 28 weeks gestation distinguishing preterm births spontaneous providerinitiated important monitor trends associated increased caesarean sections rapid scale basic interventions could accelerate progress towards millennium development goal 4 child survival beyond funding bill melinda gates foundation grants child health epidemiology reference group cherg save childrens saving newborn lives programme march dimes partnership maternal newborn childe health department reproductive health research
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https://doi.org/10.2196/24165
|
Anne N. Thorndike|Jason Riis|Lillian Sonnenberg|Douglas E. Levy
|
Traffic-Light Labels and Choice Architecture
| 2,014 |
Massachusetts General Hospital|Food and Nutrition Service|Massachusetts General Hospital
|
background preventing obesity requires maintenance healthy eating behaviors time food labels strategies increase visibility convenience healthy foods choice architecture promote healthier choices longterm effectiveness unknown purpose assess effectiveness trafficlight labeling choice architecture cafeteria intervention 24 months design longitudinal prepost cohort followup study december 2009 february 2012 data analyzed 2012 settingparticipants large hospital cafeteria mean 6511 transactions daily cafeteria sales analyzed 1 cafeteria customers 2 longitudinal cohort 2285 hospital employees used cafeteria regularly intervention 3month baseline period cafeteria items labeled green healthy yellow less healthy red unhealthy rearranged make healthy items accessible main outcome measures proportion cafeteria sales green red 3month period baseline 24 months changes 12 24month sales compared baseline transactions transactions employee cohort results proportion sales red items decreased 24 baseline 20 24 months p0001 green sales increased 41 46 p0001 red beverages decreased 26 beverage sales baseline 17 24 months p0001 green beverages increased 52 60 p0001 similar patterns observed cohort employees largest change red beverages 2314 p0001 conclusions trafficlight choice architecture cafeteria intervention resulted sustained healthier choices 2 years suggesting food environment interventions promote longterm changes population eating behaviors preventing obesity requires maintenance healthy eating behaviors time food labels strategies increase visibility convenience healthy foods choice architecture promote healthier choices longterm effectiveness unknown assess effectiveness trafficlight labeling choice architecture cafeteria intervention 24 months longitudinal prepost cohort followup study december 2009 february 2012 data analyzed 2012 large hospital cafeteria mean 6511 transactions daily cafeteria sales analyzed 1 cafeteria customers 2 longitudinal cohort 2285 hospital employees used cafeteria regularly 3month baseline period cafeteria items labeled green healthy yellow less healthy red unhealthy rearranged make healthy items accessible proportion cafeteria sales green red 3month period baseline 24 months changes 12 24month sales compared baseline transactions transactions employee cohort proportion sales red items decreased 24 baseline 20 24 months p0001 green sales increased 41 46 p0001 red beverages decreased 26 beverage sales baseline 17 24 months p0001 green beverages increased 52 60 p0001 similar patterns observed cohort employees largest change red beverages 2314 p0001 trafficlight choice architecture cafeteria intervention resulted sustained healthier choices 2 years suggesting food environment interventions promote longterm changes population eating behaviors
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https://doi.org/10.1097/txd.0000000000000647
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Arti Phatak|Rachael Prusi|Brooke Ward|Luke O. Hansen|Mark Williams|Elizabeth Vetter|Noelle R. M. Chapman|Michael Postelnick
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Impact of pharmacist involvement in the transitional care of high?risk patients through medication reconciliation, medication education, and postdischarge call?backs (<scp>IPITCH</scp> Study)
| 2,015 |
Northwestern Memorial Hospital|Northwestern Memorial Hospital|Northwestern Memorial Hospital|Northwestern University|University of Kentucky|Northwestern Memorial Hospital|Northwestern Memorial Hospital|Northwestern Memorial Hospital
|
background previous data suggest direct pharmacist interaction patients medication reconciliation discharge counseling postdischarge phone calls decreases number adverse drug events ades plays overall positive role transitional care previous studies evaluated pharmacist involvement improving transitional care studies include multiple postdischarge followup phone calls objectives objectives study assess impact pharmacist involvement transitions care measured decreased medication errors mes ades patients knowledge related communication medications measured improvement hospital consumer assessment healthcare providers systems hcahps scores 30day allcause inpatient readmissions emergency department ed visits methods prospective randomized singleperiod longitudinal study occurred november 2012 june 2013 urban tertiary academic medical center patients admitted 2 designated internal medicine units highrisk medications greater 3 prescription medications upon discharge included randomization control group received usual hospital standard care study group received facetoface medication reconciliation patientspecific pharmaceutical care plan discharge counseling postdischarge phone calls days 3 14 30 provide education assess study endpoints results total 278 patients included final analysis 141 control group 137 study group fiftyfive patients 39 control arm experienced inpatient readmission ed visit within 30days postdischarge compared 34 patients 248 study arm p 001 eighteen patients 128 control group experienced ades mes compared 11 patients 8 study group p gt 005 hcahps scores study period showed 9 improvement assessed questionnaire domain p gt 005 conclusions study demonstrated pharmacist involvement hospital discharge transitions care positive impact decreasing composite inpatient readmissions ed visits statistically significant difference medicationrelated events hcahps scores observed patients moderately complex medication regimens benefited continuity care involving pharmacy team transitions care journal hospital medicine 2016113944 2015 society hospital medicine
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.916362
|
Michael Twigg|Angela Lupattelli|Hedvig Nordeng
|
Women’s beliefs about medication use during their pregnancy: a UK perspective
| 2,016 |
University of East Anglia|Norwich Research Park|University of Oslo|University of Oslo
|
background previous research examined number extent medicines taking pregnant women beliefs risk perception surrounding use objective describe beliefs risk perception associated medicines use treatment common acute conditions among uk women explore whether related actual medicines use settings crosssectional webbased study uk methods pregnant women mothers within 1 year giving birth invited participate online crosssectional questionnairebased study via pregnancy website uk anonymous data collected women regarding use medicines overthecounter prescribed beliefs regarding medicines use pregnancy main outcome measures pregnant womens beliefs medicines relation pharmacological treatment acute conditions pregnancy results pharmacological treatment conditions pregnancy ranged 654 urinary tract infections utis 11 sleeping problems almost three ten women avoided using medications pregnancy heartburn utis women treat condition viewed medicines general overused harmful less beneficial treated condition general uk pregnant women perceived medicines beneficial slightly overused conclusions womens beliefs medications impact treatment specific conditions pregnancy heartburn utis healthcare professionals explore patients beliefs regarding medication first maternity care visit promote appropriate medication use pregnancy
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208091
|
Rebecca J. Collie|Andrew J. Martin|Lars?Erik Malmberg|James Hall|Paul Ginns
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Academic buoyancy, student's achievement, and the linking role of control: A cross-lagged analysis of high school students
| 2,015 |
UNSW Sydney|UNSW Sydney|University of Oxford|University of Oxford|University of Sydney
|
background previous research indicated although academic buoyancy students achievement associated relationship relatively modest aims sought determine whether another construct might link academic buoyancy students achievement based prior theoretical empirical work examined sense control one possible linking mechanism sample study analysed data 2971 students attending 21 australian high schools methods conducted crosslagged panel design first means disentangling relative salience academic buoyancy control achievement phase 1 based upon results proceeded followup analyses ordered process model linking constructs time phase 2 results findings showed buoyancy achievement associated control time one another phase 1 addition control appeared play role buoyancy influenced achievement cyclical process may operate among three factors time phase 2 conclusion findings suggest control may play important role linking past experiences academic buoyancy achievement subsequent academic buoyancy achievement
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/19684
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Carmine Munizza|Piergiorgio Argentero|Alessandro Coppo|Giuseppe Tibaldi|Massimo Di Giannantonio|Rocco Luigi Picci|Paola Rucci
|
Public Beliefs and Attitudes towards Depression in Italy: A National Survey
| 2,013 |
University of Pavia|University of Chieti-Pescara|University of Turin|University of Bologna
|
background previous studies shown attitudes towards depression may influenced countryspecific social cultural factors survey carried collect beliefs attitudes toward depression italy established communitybased mental health system methods telephone survey carried probabilistic sample aged 15 years 20item questionnaire administered explore knowledge depression stigma causal beliefs treatment preference helpseeking attitudes results 1001 participants 98 aware depression 62 experienced either directly indirectly widespread belief 75 people suffering depression avoid talking problem minority sample viewed depression condition managed without recourse external help socially dangerous illness among perceived causes depression respondents mentioned life stressors physical strains psychologists often indicated adequate source professional help half sample believed depression pharmacologically treated drugs often seen addictive referring primary care physician pcp considered embarrassing furthermore many people thought pcps busy treat patients suffering depression conclusions findings indicate depression seen reaction significant life events overcome support significant others help health professionals mainly psychologists however still barriers disclosure depressive symptoms pcps concerns addictive effect antidepressants presence gap peoples beliefs health professionals consider appropriate treatment depression shared decision making approach treatment selection adopted taking account patients preference psychological interventions ensure active compliance effective treatments
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/14897
|
Sarah Dineen-Griffin|Victoria García?Cárdenas|Kylie Williams|Shalom I. Benrimoj
|
Helping patients help themselves: A systematic review of self-management support strategies in primary health care practice
| 2,019 |
University of Technology Sydney|University of Technology Sydney|University of Technology Sydney|University of Sydney
|
background primary health professionals well positioned support delivery patient selfmanagement evidencebased structured capacity need exists better understand active components required effective selfmanagement support might delivered within primary care training system changes would subsequently needed objectives 1 examine selfmanagement support interventions primary care health outcomes wide range diseases compared usual standard care 2 identify effective strategies facilitate positive clinical humanistic outcomes setting method systematic review randomized controlled trials evaluating selfmanagement support interventions conducted following cochrane handbook prisma guidelines published literature systematically searched inception june 2019 pubmed scopus web science eligible studies assessed effectiveness individualized interventions followup delivered facetoface adult patients condition primary care compared usual standard care matrices developed mapped evidence components intervention methodological quality included studies appraised results 6510 records retrieved 58 studies included final qualitative synthesis findings reveal structured patientprovider exchange required primary care including oneonone patientprovider consultation ongoing follow provision selfhelp materials interventions tailored patient needs may include combinations strategies improve patients disease treatment knowledge independent monitoring symptoms encouraging selftreatment personalized action plan response worsening symptoms exacerbations psychological coping stress management strategies enhancing responsibility medication adherence lifestyle choices followup may include tailored feedback monitoring progress respect patient set healthcare goals honing problemsolving decisionmaking skills theoretical models provided strong base effective sms interventions positive outcomes effective sms included improvements clinical indicators healthrelated quality life selfefficacy confidence selfmanage disease knowledge control sms model developed sets foundation design evaluation practical strategies construct selfmanagement support interventions primary healthcare practice conclusions findings provide primary care professionals evidencebased strategies structure deliver sms practice collaborative partnership approach widely applied future research build findings optimal sms service design upskilling healthcare providers effectively support patients collaborative process
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/17530
|
Hawa O. Abu|Kate L. Lapane|Molly E. Waring|Christine M. Ulbricht|Randolph S. Devereaux|David D. McManus|Jeroan J. Allison|Catarina I. Kiefe|Robert J. Goldberg
|
Religious practices and long-term survival after hospital discharge for an acute coronary syndrome
| 2,019 |
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School|University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School|University of Connecticut|University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School|Mercer University|University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School|University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School|University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School|University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
|
background prior studies healthy populations found religious practices associated survival however contemporary studies examined whether religiosity influences survival among patients discharged hospital acute coronary syndrome acs present study examined relationship religious practices 2year allcause mortality among hospital survivors acs methods patients hospitalized acs recruited 6 medical centers massachusetts georgia 2011 2013 study participants selfreported three items assessing religiosity strengthcomfort religion petition prayers health awareness intercessory prayers others causemortality within 2years hospital discharge ascertained review medical records participating study hospitals death certificates cox proportional hazards models used estimate multivariable adjusted risk 2year allcause mortality results participants n 2068 average 61 years old 34 women 81 nonhispanic white approximately 85 derived strengthcomfort religion 61 prayed health 89 aware intercessions overall 6 died within 2 years postdischarge adjusting sociodemographic variables age sex raceethnicity petition prayers associated increased risk 2year allcause mortality hr 164 95 ci 101266 adjustment several clinical psychosocial measures association longer statistically significant strength comfort religion intercessory prayers significantly associated mortality conclusions acs survivors acknowledge deriving strength comfort religion praying health intercessions made others health although reported religious practices associated postdischarge survival multivariable adjustment acknowledging patients utilize religious beliefs practices strategies improve health would ensure holistic approach patient management promote cultural competence healthcare
|
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.11346
|
Nigist Alemayehu Woldekidan|Ammas Siraj Mohammed|Amsalu Degu|Yohannes Tadiwos
|
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated factors among psychiatric patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
| 2,021 |
University of Gondar|Haramaya University|Alliant International University|United States International University Africa|Haramaya University
|
background psychiatric patients increased risk overweight obese subsequently develop metabolic syndrome nevertheless data regarding associated factors weight gain limited inconsistent objective present study aimed determine risk metabolic syndrome associated factors among psychiatric patients method crosssectional quantitative study conducted among psychiatric patients psychiatric unit university gondar comprehensive specialized hospital march 1 april 1 2018 eligible psychiatric patients interviewed sociodemographic statusand clinical characteristics useful parameters study recorded medical records patients measuring waist height ratio descriptive statistics used summarize baseline informationbinary logistic regression used determine associated factors pvalue lt005 confidence interval ci 95 used cut points determining statistical significance result 300 patients included study 16856 patients femalesand around 503 study participants low literacy levels per waist height ratio scale 58 174 patients risk metabolic syndrome binary logistic regression analysis indicated sex plt00001 occupation p 0032 marital status p0006 distance hospital plt00001 statistically significant determinants metabolic syndrome risk psychiatric patient setting conclusion majority psychiatric patients study setting risk metabolic syndrome sex marital status employment status distance hospital significantly associated metabolic syndrome routine physical laboratory investigations detect metabolic syndrome indispensable psychiatric patients prevent cardiovascular complications
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.023341
|
Sara Evans?Lacko|Claire Henderson|Graham Thornicroft
|
Public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding people with mental illness in England 2009-2012
| 2,013 |
King's College London|King's College London|King's College London
|
background public stigma people mental health problems damaging individuals mental illness associated substantial societal burden aims investigate whether public knowledge attitudes behaviour relation people mental health problems improved among english population since inception time change programme 2009 method analysed longitudinal trends public knowledge attitudes behaviour 2009 2012 among nationally representative sample english adults results improvements intended behaviour 007 standard deviation units 95 ci 001014 nonsignificant trend improvement attitudes p 008 among english population however significant improvement knowledge reported behaviour conclusions findings provide support effectiveness national time change programme stigma discrimination improving attitudes intended behaviour knowledge among public england
|
https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796015000220
|
Eshetu Girma|Markos Tesfaye|Guenter Froeschl|Anne Maria Möller-Leimkühler|Norbert Müller|Sandra Dehning
|
Public Stigma against People with Mental Illness in the Gilgel Gibe Field Research Center (GGFRC) in Southwest Ethiopia
| 2,013 |
Jimma University|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|Jimma University|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
|
background public understanding mental illnesses attitudes towards people mental illness pwmi play paramount role prevention treatment mental illness rehabilitation pwmi aim study measure public stigma pwmi factors associated stigma gilgel gibe field research center ggfrc southwest ethiopia methods communitybased crosssectional study conducted june august 2012 among 845 randomly selected respondents using community attitudes towards mentally ill cami scale intervieweradministered questionnaire data entered epidata exported stata analysis simple descriptive linear regression analyses performed identify predictors stigma pwmi results total 845 respondents 6817 rural districts mean stigma score 262 5point score majority respondents 7527 believed mental illness cured stress poverty rumination often perceived causes mental illness rural residents significantly higher stigma scores std 061 p0001 statistically significant inverse relationship found level education degree stigma std 014 p001 higher income significantly associated stigma std 007 p005 respondents higher scores perceived supernatural causes std 009 p001 perceived psychosocial biological causes std 014 p0001 significantly lower stigma levels conclusions study found undermining less avoidant attitude towards pwmi rural residents showed higher levels stigma stigma pwmi lower people explanatory concept causes mental illness higher level education information education communication causes signs nature mental illnesses would help reduce stigma
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104406
|
Khadijah Breathett|Erika Yee|Natalie Pool|Megan Hebdon|Janice D. Crist|Shannon M. Knapp|Ashley Larsen|Sade Solola|Luis Luy|Kathryn Herrera?Theut|Leanne Zabala|Jeff Stone|Marylyn Morris McEwen|Elizabeth A. Calhoun|Nancy K. Sweitzer
|
Does Race Influence Decision Making for Advanced Heart Failure Therapies?
| 2,019 |
University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Rochester|University of Arizona|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson|University of Arizona|University of Rochester|Banner - University Medical Center Tucson
|
background race influences medical decision making impact advanced heart failure therapy allocation unknown sought determine whether patient race influences allocation advanced heart failure therapies methods results members national heart failure organization randomized clinical vignettes varied patient race black white man blinded study objectives participants n422 completed likert scale surveys rating factors advanced therapy allocation thinkaloud interviews n44 survey results analyzed least absolute shrinkage selection operator multivariable regression identify factors influencing advanced therapy allocation including interactions vignette race participant demographics interviews analyzed using grounded theory surveys revealed differences overall racial ratings advanced therapies least absolute shrinkage selection operator regression selected interactions vignette race clinical factors important allocation however interactions participants aged 40 years black vignette negatively influenced heart transplant allocation modestly 058 95 ci 115 00002 adherence social history influential factors interviews revealed sequential decision making forming overall impression identifying urgency evaluating prior care appropriateness anticipating challenges evaluating trust making recommendations race influenced step avoiding discussing race believing photographs may contribute racial bias believing black man sicker compared white man developing greater concern trust adherence black man ultimately offering white man transplantation black man ventricular assist device implantation conclusions black race modestly influenced decision making heart transplant particularly conversations advanced therapy selection meetings conversations rather surveys allocation may vulnerable racial bias
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/circheartfailure.116.002475
|
Nancy R. Kressin|Michelle B. Orner|Meredith Manze|Mark Glickman|Dan R. Berlowitz
|
Understanding Contributors to Racial Disparities in Blood Pressure Control
| 2,010 |
Boston University|VA Boston Healthcare System|Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital|Boston University|VA Boston Healthcare System|Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital|Boston University|VA Boston Healthcare System|Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital|Boston University|VA Boston Healthcare System|Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital|Boston University|VA Boston Healthcare System|Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital
|
background racial disparities blood pressure bp control well documented poorly understood prior studies included limited range potential explanatory factors examined comprehensive set putative factors related blood pressure control including patient clinical sociodemographic characteristics beliefs bp bp medications medication adherence experiences discrimination determine impact race bp control remains accounting factors methods results recruited 806 white black patients hypertension urban safetynet hospital questionnaire administered patients clinic visits electronic medical record bp data assessed array patient factors examined association patient factors bp control modeling function covariates using randomeffects logistic regression blacks indicated worse medication adherence discrimination concerns high bp bp medications compared whites accounting factors race longer significant predictor bp control conclusions results suggest equalizing patients health beliefs medication adherence experiences care could ameliorate disparities bp control additional attention must focus factors associated race identify ultimately intervene causes racial disparities bp outcomes
|
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.152
|
Shabnam Peyvandi|Rebecca J. Baer|Anita Moon?Grady|Scott P. Oltman|Christina Chambers|Mary E. Norton|Satish Rajagopal|Kelli K. Ryckman|Laura L. Jelliffe?Pawlowski|Martina A. Steurer
|
Socioeconomic Mediators of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Congenital Heart Disease Outcomes: A Population?Based Study in California
| 2,018 |
UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital|University of California, San Francisco|UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital|University of California, San Francisco|University of California, San Diego|UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital|University of California, San Francisco|UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital|University of California, San Francisco|University of California, San Diego|UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital|University of California, San Francisco|UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital|University of California, San Francisco|University of Iowa|UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital|University of California, San Francisco|UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital|University of California, San Francisco
|
background racialethnic socioeconomic disparities exist outcomes children congenital heart disease sought determine influence raceethnicity mediating socioeconomic factors 1year outcomes liveborn infants hypoplastic left heart syndrome dextrotransposition great arteries methods results authors performed populationbased cohort study using california office statewide health planning development database liveborn infants without chromosomal anomalies included outcome composite measure mortality unexpected hospital readmissions within first year life defined gt3 hypoplastic left heart syndrome gt1 readmissions dextrotransposition great arteries hispanic ethnicity compared nonhispanic white ethnicity mediation analyses determined percent contribution outcome mediator pathway raceethnicity outcome total 1796 patients comprised cohort n964 hypoplastic left heart syndrome n832 dextrotransposition great arteries 1315 included analysis n477 nonhispanic white n838 hispanic hispanic ethnicity associated poor outcome crude odds ratio 172 95 confidence interval ci 137217 higher maternal education crude odds ratio 05 95 ci 038065 private insurance crude odds ratio 065 95 ci 045071 protective mediation analysis maternal education insurance status explained 332 95 ci 7664 276 95 ci 65631 relationship raceethnicity poor outcome infant characteristics played minimal role conclusions socioeconomic factors explain significant portion association hispanic ethnicity poor outcome neonates critical congenital heart disease findings identify vulnerable populations would benefit resources lessen health disparities
|
https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2009.16.1.37935
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Ana Luisa Sosa|Emiliano Albanese|Blossom C M Stephan|Michael Dewey|Daisy Acosta|Cleusa P. Ferri|Mariella Guerra|Yueqin Huang|KS Jacob|Ivonne Z. Jiménez?Velázquez|Juan J. Llibre Rodriguez|Aquiles Salas|Joseph Williams|Isaac Acosta|Maribella González-Viruet|Milagros A. Guerra Hernández|Shuran Li|Martin Prince|Robert Stewart
|
Prevalence, Distribution, and Impact of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Latin America, China, and India: A 10/66 Population-Based Study
| 2,012 |
Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía|National Institute on Aging|University of Cambridge|King's College London|Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña|King's College London|Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia|Peking University|Peking University Sixth Hospital|Christian Medical College & Hospital|University of Puerto Rico System|University of Havana|Central University of Venezuela|Voluntary Health Services Hospital|Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía|Carlos Albizu University|Peking University|Peking University Sixth Hospital|King's College London|King's College London
|
background rapid demographic ageing growing public health issue many low middleincome countries lamics mild cognitive impairment mci construct frequently used define groups people may risk developing dementia crucial targeting preventative interventions however little known prevalence impact mci lamic settings methods findings data analysed crosssectional surveys established 1066 dementia research group carried cuba dominican republic peru mexico venezuela puerto rico china india 15376 individuals aged 65 without dementia standardised assessments mental physical health cognitive function carried including informant interviews algorithm developed define mayo clinic amnestic mci amci disability 12item world health organization disability assessment schedule whodas informantreported neuropsychiatric symptoms neuropsychiatric inventory npiq measured adjustment amci associated disability anxiety apathy irritability depression betweencountry heterogeneity associations significant disability crude prevalence amci ranged 08 china 43 india country differences changed little range 0646 standardization age gender education level pooled estimates amci modestly associated male gender fewer assets associated age education significant betweencountry variation demographic associations conclusions algorithmderived diagnosis amci showed sociodemographic associations consistently associated higher disability neuropsychiatric symptoms addition showing substantial variation prevalence across lamic populations longitudinal data needed confirm findingsin particular investigate predictive validity amci settings riskprotective factors progression dementia however large number affected important implications rapidly ageing settings please see later article editors summary
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.25472
|
José E. Hagan|Paula Moraga|Federico Costa|Nicolas Capian|Guilherme S. Ribeiro|Elsio A. Wunder|Ridalva Dias Martins Felzemburgh|Renato Barbosa Reis|Nívison Nery|Francisco S. Santana|Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga|Balbino Lino dos Santos|Andréia C. Santos|Adriano Queiroz|Wagner de Souza Tassinari|Marília Sá Carvalho|Mitermayer Galvão dos Reis|Peter J. Diggle|Albert I. Ko
|
Spatiotemporal Determinants of Urban Leptospirosis Transmission: Four-Year Prospective Cohort Study of Slum Residents in Brazil
| 2,016 |
Yale University|Lancaster University|Yale University|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Universidade Federal da Bahia|Instituto de Saúde|Lancaster University|Universidade Federal da Bahia|Instituto de Saúde|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Yale University|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública|Ministry of Health|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública|Ministry of Health|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health|Lancaster University|Yale University|Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|Ministry of Health
|
background ratborne leptospirosis emerging zoonotic disease urban slum settlements adequate control measures challenge elucidating risk factors informing approaches prevention complex heterogeneous environment within slums vary fine spatial scales influence transmission bacterial agent methodologyprincipal findings performed prospective study 2003 slum residents city salvador brazil fouryear period 20032007 used spatiotemporal modelling approach delineate dynamics leptospiral transmission household interviews geographical information system surveys performed annually evaluate risk exposures environmental transmission sources completed annual serosurveys ascertain leptospiral infection based serological evidence among 1730 86 individuals completed least one year followup infection rate 354 95 ci 307406 per 1000 annual followup events male gender illiteracy age independently associated infection risk environmental risk factors included rat infestation 146 95 ci 100216 contact mud 157 95 ci 117217 lower household elevation 092 per 10m increase elevation 95 ci 082104 spatial distribution infection risk highly heterogeneous varied across small scales fixed effects spatiotemporal model accounted majority spatial variation risk significant residual component best explained spatial random effect although infection risk varied years spatial distribution risk associated fixed random effects vary temporally specific hotspots consistently higher transmission risk study years conclusionssignificance risk leptospiral infection urban slums determined large part structural features social environmental findings indicate topographic factors household elevation inadequate drainage increase risk promoting contact mud suggest soilwater interface serves environmental reservoir spillover transmission use spatiotemporal approach allowed identification geographic outliers unexplained risk patterns approach addition guiding targeted communitybased interventions identifying new hypotheses may general applicability towards addressing environmentallytransmitted diseases emerged complex urban slum settings
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/47982
|
Suzanne M. Adlof|Jessica Klusek|Svetlana V. Shinkareva|Marissa Robinson|Jane Roberts
|
Phonological awareness and reading in boys with fragile X syndrome
| 2,014 |
University of South Carolina|University of South Carolina|University of South Carolina|University of South Carolina|University of South Carolina
|
background reading delays well documented children fragile x syndrome fxs studies examined linguistic precursors reading population study examined longitudinal development phonological awareness relationship basic reading boys fxs individual differences genetic socialbehavioral environmental factors also investigated predictors phonological awareness methods participants included 54 boys fxs 53 typically developing td mental agematched peers completed assessments phonological awareness nonverbal intelligence reading annually 4 years fmrp level autism symptomatology also measured within fxs group hierarchical linear modeling used examine change phonological awareness time predictors linear regression used examine phonological awareness predictor word reading results boys fxs exhibited slower growth td peers phonological awareness nonverbal cognitive abilities controlled rate change phonological awareness decreased significantly age 10 boys fxs phonological awareness accounted 18 unique variance basic reading ability controlling nonverbal cognition similar relationships across groups conclusion phonological awareness skills boys fxs commensurate nonverbal cognitive abilities similar relationships phonological awareness reading observed td mental agematched peers research needed examine potential causal relationships phonological awareness language skills reading abilities individuals fxs neurodevelopmental disorders
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/24947
|
Kristina Moll|Karin Landerl|Margaret J. Snowling|Gerd Schulte?Körne
|
Understanding comorbidity of learning disorders: task?dependent estimates of prevalence
| 2,018 |
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München|University of Graz|University of Oxford|Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
|
background reading disorder rd mathematics disorder md frequently cooccur however exact comorbidity rates differ largely studies given md characterised high heterogeneity symptom level differences comorbidity rates may result different mathematical subskills used define md comorbidity rates rd likely higher md measured mathematical subskills build number processing also require language ie arithmetic fluency measured magnitude processing skills methods association literacy arithmetic fluency magnitude processing well overlap deficits domains assessed representative sample 1454 third graders results associations significantly higher literacy arithmetic literacy magnitude processing also reflected comorbidity rates comorbidity rates literacy arithmetic deficits four times higher expected chance whereas comorbidity rates literacy magnitude processing deficits exceed chance rate deficits two mathematical subskills showed overlap also revealed dissociations corroborating high heterogeneity md results interpreted within multipledeficit framework implications diagnosis intervention discussed conclusions overlap rd md depends subskills used define md due shared domaingeneral factors mathematical subskills draw language skills strongly associated literacy require language findings indicate symptom deficits arithmetic associated different cognitive deficits deficit language skills deficit number processing
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/14236
|
Matthew E. Dupre|Alicia Nelson|S. Lynch|Bradi B. Granger|Hanzhang Xu|Erik Churchill|Janese M. Willis|Lesley H. Curtis|Eric D. Peterson
|
Socioeconomic, Psychosocial and Behavioral Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized With Cardiovascular Disease
| 2,017 |
Duke University|Clinical Research Institute|Duke University|Duke University|Duke University Hospital|Duke Medical Center|Duke University Hospital|Duke Medical Center|Duke Medical Center|Duke University|Duke University|Clinical Research Institute|Duke University|Clinical Research Institute
|
background recent studies drawn attention nonclinical factors better understand disparities development treatment prognosis patients cardiovascular disease however limited research describing nonclinical characteristics patients hospitalized cardiovascular care methods data study come 520 patients admitted duke heart center january 1 2015 january 10 2017 electronic medical records standardized survey administered discharge used ascertain detailed information patients demographic age sex race marital status living arrangement socioeconomic education employment health insurance psychosocial health literacy health selfefficacy social support stress depressive symptoms behavioral smoking drinking medication adherence attributes results study participants median age 65 years predominantly male 614 nonhispanic white 671 hospitalized 511 days comparable patients admitted period results survey showed significant heterogeneity among patients demographic socioeconomic behavioral characteristics also found patients levels psychosocial risks resources significantly associated many nonclinical characteristics patients older women nonwhite unmarried generally lower levels health literacy selfefficacy social support higher levels stress depressive symptoms counterparts conclusions patients hospitalized cardiovascular disease diverse nonclinical profiles important implications targeting interventions better understanding characteristics enhance personalized delivery care improve outcomes vulnerable patient groups
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/17534
|
David B. Mumford|Fareed Aslam Minhas|Imtiaz Akhtar|Saeed Akhter|Malik H. Mubbashar
|
Stress and psychiatric disorder in urban Rawalpindi
| 2,000 |
At Bristol|Rawalpindi Medical University|University of Bristol|At Bristol|University of Bristol|Rawalpindi Medical University|University of Bristol|Rawalpindi Medical University|At Bristol|University of Bristol|Rawalpindi Medical University|At Bristol|University of Bristol|Rawalpindi Medical University|At Bristol
|
background recent studies rural areas pakistan yielded high prevalence rates common mental disorders especially among women aims investigate emotional distress common mental disorders poor urban district using survey method method firststage screening slum district rawalpindi used bradford somatic inventory psychiatric interviews conducted stratified samples using icd10 research diagnostic criteria results conservative estimate 25 women 10 men suffered anxiety depressive disorders levels emotional distress increased age men women women living joint households reported distress living unitary families higher levels education associated lower risk common mental disorders especially younger women emotional distress negatively correlated socioeconomic variables among women conclusions study found levels emotional distress psychiatric morbidity poor district rawalpindi less half nearby rural village punjab although rates women still double men possible explanations healthy people migrate cities urban living conducive good mental health pakistan
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.033
|
Janneke van de Wijgert|Nancy Padian|Stephen Shiboski|Charles F. Turner
|
Is audio computer-assisted self-interviewing a feasible method of surveying in Zimbabwe?
| 2,000 |
University of Zimbabwe
|
background research reproductive health dependent participants accurately reporting sensitive behaviours examined whether audio computerassisted selfinterviewing acasi increased sensitive behaviour reporting us feasible method surveying developing countries methods zimbabwean women three educational groups surveyed demographics family planning using interviewer acasi modes exit survey administered elicit information participants opinions experiences using acasi results majority women 86 preferred acasi interviewer mode reasons mentioned always related increased confidentiality privacy ability use acasi user preferences varied educational level women primary school less education 53 reported problems computer use women higher educational groups 1012 percentage women perfect response concordance acasi interviewer modes increased significantly education 64 81 84 respectively ptrend 0001 conclusions use acasi may feasible zimbabwe developing countries originally thought acasi programs continue improved tested various countries population groups
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyg241
|
Wietse A. Tol|Suzan J. Song|Mark J. D. Jordans
|
Annual Research Review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict – a systematic review of findings in low? and middle?income countries
| 2,013 |
Johns Hopkins University|HealthNet TPO|The Center for Victims of Torture|HealthNet TPO|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
|
background researchers focused mental health conflictaffected children increasingly interested concept resilience knowledge resilience may assist developing interventions aimed improving positive outcomes reducing negative outcomes termed promotive protective interventions methods performed systematic review peerreviewed qualitative quantitative studies focused resilience mental health children adolescents affected armed conflict low middleincome countries results altogether 53 studies identified 15 qualitative mixed methods studies 38 quantitative mostly crosssectional studies focused schoolaged children adolescents qualitative studies identified variation across sociocultural settings relevant resilience outcomes report contextually unique processes contributing outcomes quantitative studies focused promotive protective factors different socioecological levels individual family peer school communitylevels generally promotive protective factors showed gender symptom phase conflictspecific effects mental health outcomes conclusions although limited predominantly crosssectional nature focus protective outcomes body knowledge supports perspective resilience complex dynamic process driven time contextdependent variables rather balance risk protective factors known impacts mental health given complexity findings population conclude resiliencefocused interventions need highly tailored specific contexts rather application universal model may expected similar effects mental health across contexts
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147926
|
Michael Becker|Nele McElvany
|
The interplay of gender and social background: A longitudinal study of interaction effects in reading attitudes and behaviour
| 2,017 |
Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education|TU Dortmund University
|
background researchers often report discuss gender differences however recent research drawn attention interaction effects gender social categories aims study analysed development disparities students readingrelated selfconcept intrinsic motivation behaviour relate differences gender socioeconomic family background drawing expectancyvalue theory regarded readingrelated selfconcept motivation behaviour key explaining growing differences boys girls adolescence specifically focused interaction gender socioeconomic background children discussed context moderating gender differences context readingrelated attitudes behaviour sample investigation based longitudinal sample n 717 german students third sixth grades method used questionnaire data students parents compare students development across time applied multigroup latent growth curve models results found evidence increasing gender differences also moderated socioeconomic status ses parents gender gap either already existed intrinsic motivation reading behaviour intensified reading selfconcept reading behaviour third sixth grades interaction gender ses seemed particularly important reading selfconcept gender gap growing less substantially higher ses children moreover pattern persisted reading selfconcept even controlling achievement differences conclusions results provide evidence gender social background interaction two relevant development domain reading even young children
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29906
|
Pasqualina Coffey|Anna P. Ralph|Vicki Krause
|
The role of social determinants of health in the risk and prevention of group A streptococcal infection, acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: A systematic review
| 2,018 |
Northern Territory Health Services|Government of Western Australia Department of Health|Menzies School of Health Research|Royal Darwin Hospital|Northern Territory Health Services|Government of Western Australia Department of Health
|
background rheumatic heart disease rhd poses major disease burden among disadvantaged populations globally results acute rheumatic fever arf complication group streptococcal gas infection conditions acknowledged diseases poverty however role specific social environmental factors gas infection progression arfrhd well understood aim systematic review determine association social determinants health gas infection arf rhd effect interventions targeting methodology conducted systematic literature review using pubmed cochrane library embase observational experimental studies measured crowding dwelling characteristics education employment income nutrition socioeconomic status relationship gas infection arf rhd included findings factor assessed bradford hill criteria evidence causation study quality assessed using standardised tool principle findings 1164 publications identified 90 met inclusion criteria comprising 91 individual studies 49 505 poor quality relation specific study question proportion studies reporting significant associations socioeconomic determinants risk gas infection 571 arfrhd 50 crowding assessed factor 14 studies gas infection 36 studies arfrhd followed socioeconomic status 6 36 respectively majority studies assessing crowding dwelling characteristics education employment status parents cases nutrition reported positive association risk gas infection arf rhd crowding socioeconomic status satisfactorily met criteria causal association substantial heterogeneity across key study aspects conclusion extensive literature examining role social determinants gas infection arf rhd risk lacks quality observational interventional crowding cause gas infection arfrhd presents practical target prevention actions
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28272
|
Clemens Scott Kruse|Joanna Fohn|Nakia Wilson|Evangelina Núñez Patlán|Stephanie Zipp|Michael Mileski
|
Utilization Barriers and Medical Outcomes Commensurate With the Use of Telehealth Among Older Adults: Systematic Review
| 2,020 |
Texas State University|Texas State University|Texas State University|Texas State University|Texas State University|Texas State University
|
background rising telehealth capabilities improving access older adults aid improving health outcomes quality life indicators telehealth used ubiquitously present objective review aimed identify barriers prevent ubiquitous use telehealth ways telehealth improves health outcomes quality life indicators older adults methods systematic review conducted reported accordance kruse protocol preferred reporting items systematic reviews metaanalyses prisma guidelines reviewers queried following four research databases cumulative index nursing allied health literature cinahl pubmed medline web science embase science direct reviewers analyzed 57 articles performed narrative analysis identify themes identified barriers reports health outcomes quality life indicators found literature results reviewers analyzed 57 studies across following five interventions telehealth ehealth mobile health mhealth telemonitoring telecare phone telehealth video calls cohen 075 reviewers identified 14 themes barriers common technical literacy 25144 occurrences 17 lack desire 19144 occurrences 13 cost 11144 occurrences 8 reviewers identified 13 medical outcomes associated telehealth interventions common decrease psychological stress 21118 occurrences 18 increase autonomy 18118 occurrences 15 increase cognitive ability 11118 occurrences 9 articles report medical outcomes 1857 32 report barriers 1957 33 conclusions literature suggests elimination barriers could increase prevalence telehealth use older adults increasing use telehealth proximity care longer issue access thereby care reach populations chronic conditions mobility restrictions future research conducted methods personalizing telehealth older adults implementation trial registration prospero crd42020182162 httpswwwcrdyorkacukprosperodisplayrecordphpidcrd42020182162 international registered report identifier irrid rr210219615490
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2018.02.013
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Sheila Isanaka|Céline Langendorf|Monica McNeal|Nicole Meyer|Brian D. Plikaytis|Souna Garba|Nathan Sayinzoga-Makombe|Souna Garba|Ousmane Guindo|Rockyiath Makarimi|Marie Francoise Scherrer|Eric Adéhossi|Iza Ciglene?ki|Rebecca F. Grais
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Rotavirus vaccine efficacy up to 2 years of age and against diverse circulating rotavirus strains in Niger: Extended follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
| 2,021 |
Harvard Global Health Institute|Harvard University|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|University of Cincinnati|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|University of Cincinnati|Biostatistical Consulting (United States)|United Nations Children's Fund Niger|United Nations Children's Fund Niger|United Nations Children's Fund Niger|United Nations Children's Fund Niger|United Nations Children's Fund Niger|National Hospital Niamey|Médecins Sans Frontières
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background rotavirus vaccination recommended countries reduce burden diarrhearelated morbidity mortality children resourcelimited settings rotavirus vaccination national immunization program important cost implications evidence protection beyond first year life evolving variety rotavirus strains important assessed extended strainspecific vaccine efficacy heatstable affordable oral rotavirus vaccine rotasiil serum institute india pune india severe rotavirus gastroenteritis srvge among healthy infants niger methods findings august 2014 november 2015 infants randomized 11 ratio receive 3 doses rotasiil placebo approximately 6 10 14 weeks age episodes gastroenteritis assessed active passive surveillance graded using vesikari score primary endpoint vaccine efficacy 3 doses vaccine versus placebo first episode laboratoryconfirmed srvge vesikari score 11 28 days dose 3 previously reported time primary analysis median age 98 months present paper analyses extended efficacy undertaken 3 periods 28 days dose 3 1 year age 1 2 years age combined period 28 days dose 3 2 years age individual rotavirus g type among 3508 infants included perprotocol efficacy analysis mean age first dose 65 weeks 49 male vaccine provided significant protection srvge first year life 396 998 cases per 100 personyears vaccine placebo respectively vaccine efficacy 603 95 ci 436 721 entire efficacy followup period 2 years age 213 469 cases per 100 personyears vaccine placebo respectively vaccine efficacy 547 95 ci 381 668 difference statistically significant second year life 2 years age rotavirus vaccination prevented 256 episodes srvge per 100 childyears estimates efficacy srvge individual rotavirus genotype consistent overall protective efficacy study limitations include limited generalizability settings administration oral polio virus due low concomitant administration limited power assess vaccine efficacy second year life owing low number events among older children potential bias due censoring placebo children time study vaccine receipt suboptimal adapted severity scoring based vesikari score designed use settings high parental literacy conclusions rotasiil provided protection srvge infants extended followup period approximately 2 years protection significant first year life disease burden risk death highest changing pattern rotavirus strains 2year efficacy period rotavirus vaccines safe effective protective multiple strains represent best hope preventing severe consequences rotavirus infection especially resourcelimited settings access care may limited studies provide valuable information planning national immunization programs future vaccine development trial registration clinicaltrialsgov nct02145000
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https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12408
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Emma McMahon|Katrina L. Campbell|Judith Bauer|David W. Mudge
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Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease
| 2,015 |
University of Queensland
|
background salt intake shows great promise modifiable risk factor reducing heart disease incidence delaying kidney function decline people chronic kidney disease ckd however clear consensus benefits reducing salt people ckd lacking objectives review evaluated benefits harms altering dietary salt intake people ckd search methods searched cochrane renal groups specialised register 13 january 2015 contact trials search coordinator using search terms relevant review selection criteria included randomised controlled trials rcts compared two levels salt intake people stage ckd data collection analysis two authors independently assessed studies eligibility conducted risk bias evaluation results expressed risk ratios rr 95 confidence intervals ci dichotomous outcomes mean difference md 95 ci continuous outcomes mean effect sizes calculated using randomeffects models main results included eight studies 24 reports 258 participants duration included studies short 1 26 weeks test effect salt restriction endpoints mortality cardiovascular events ckd progression changes salt intake blood pressure secondary risk factors applied three studies parallel rcts five crossover studies selection bias low five studies unclear three performance detection biases low two studies unclear six attrition reporting biases low four studies unclear four one study potential high carryover effect three high risk bias baseline characteristics change medication diet two studies industry funded significant reduction 24 hour sodium excretion associated low salt interventions range 52 141 mmol 8 studies 258 participants md 10586 mmold 95 ci 11920 9251 i2 51 reducing salt intake significantly reduced systolic blood pressure 8 studies 258 participants md 875 mm hg 95 ci 1133 616 i2 0 diastolic blood pressure 8 studies 258 participants md 370 mm hg 95 ci 509 230 i2 0 one study reported restricting salt intake reduced risk oedema 56 salt restriction significantly increased plasma renin activity 2 studies 71 participants md 108 ngmlh 95 ci 051 165 i2 0 serum aldosterone 2 studies 71 participants 620 ngdl 95 ci 382 858 i2 0 antihypertensive medication dosage significantly reduced low salt diet 2 studies 52 participants rr 548 95 ci 127 2366 i2 0 significant difference egfr 2 studies 68 participants md 114 mlmin173 m2 95 ci 438 211 i2 0 creatinine clearance 3 studies 85 participants md 460 mlmin 95 ci 1178 257 i2 0 serum creatinine 5 studies 151 participants md 514 moll 95 ci 898 1926 i2 59 body weight 5 studies 139 participants md 146 kg 95 ci 455 164 i2 0 significant change total cholesterol relation salt restriction 3 studies 105 participants md 023 mmoll 95 ci 057 010 i2 0 symptomatic hypotension 2 studies 72 participants rr 660 95 ci 077 5655 i2 0 salt restriction significantly reduced urinary protein excretion studies reported proteinuria outcome however data could metaanalysed authors conclusions found critical evidence gap longterm effects salt restriction people ckd meant unable determine direct effects sodium restriction primary endpoints mortality progression endstage kidney disease eskd found salt reduction people ckd reduced blood pressure considerably consistently reduced proteinuria reductions could maintained longterm effect may translate clinically significant reductions eskd incidence cardiovascular events research longterm effects sodiumrestricted diet people ckd warranted investigation adherence low salt diet
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.113.000435
|
Rocco Palumbo
|
Discussing the Effects of Poor Health Literacy on Patients Facing HIV: A Narrative Literature Review
| 2,015 |
University of Salerno
|
background scholars describe poor health literacy silent epidemic challenging functioning healthcare systems world health literacy mainly meant individual trait concerns ability obtain process understand basic health information order effectively navigate health system low health literate patients perceive poor selfefficacy dealing health conditions willing involved provision care show larger risks hospitalization mortality aware determinants wellbeing hence limited health literacy associated inadequate management longterm conditions nonetheless several authors argue health literacy overlooked factor dealing hiv methods study aimed discussing effects poor health literacy people living hiv drawing findings narrative literature review involved 41 papers retrieved databases scopuselsevier pubmed results scientific literature consistent dealing relationship health literacy hiv treatment example health literate patients seem better understand health conditions hand people living poor health literacy likely report higher compliance providers prescriptions blindly trusting healthcare professionals conclusions poor health literacy social barrier access healthcare services appropriate health treatment among patients living hiv tailored interventions aimed enhancing health skills patients affected hiv infection improve ability navigate health system
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/17842
|
Rosemary Fox
|
Informed choice in screening programmes: Do leaflets help? A critical literature review
| 2,006 |
Public Health Wales
|
background screening programmes aim maximise population benefit maximizing uptake must also allow informed choice participation many programmes provide potential participants information leaflets article reviews studies effectiveness leaflets promoting informed choice screening
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204890
|
Pu Shang|Gordon G. Liu|Xin Zheng|P. Michael Ho|Shuang Hu|Jing Li|Zihan Jiang|Xi Li|Xueke Bai|Yan Gao|Chao Xing|Yun Wang|Sharon?Lise T. Normand|Harlan M. Krumholz
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Association Between Medication Adherence and 1?Year Major Cardiovascular Adverse Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction in China
| 2,019 |
China Pharmaceutical University|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College|Peking University|China Pharmaceutical University|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College|University of Colorado Denver|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College|Peking Union Medical College Hospital|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College|Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College|Harvard University|Yale New Haven Hospital|Harvard University|Yale University|Yale New Haven Hospital|Yale New Haven Health System
|
background secondary prevention acute myocardial infarction ami requires longterm guidelinedirected medical therapy however level medication adherence factors associated poor adherence extent good adherence reduce adverse events ami china remain uncertain methods results 2013 2014 4001 ami patients aged 18 years discharged alive 53 hospitals across china mean age 605117 years 227 female good adherence defined taking medications aspirin blockers statins clopidogrel angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitorsangiotensinreceptor blockers 90 time prescribed cox models assessed association good adherence timevarying covariate 1year cardiovascular events ami common medications aspirin 822 statins 805 243 patients prescribed medications followup 1year event rates higher patients 251 95 ci 197306 versus taking 1 medications 66 95 ci 576734 overall rate good adherence 529 good adherence associated lower risk 1year events adjusted hazard ratio 061 95 ci 049077 common reason poor adherence belief ones condition improvedno longer required medication comorbidities lower education level associated poor adherence conclusions good adherence reduced 1year cardiovascular event risk ami half cohort good adherence national efforts improve ami outcomes china focus medication adherence educating patients importance cardiovascular medications reducing risk recurrent events clinical trial registration url httpwwwclinicaltrialsgov unique identifier nct01624909
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/24069
|
Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad Sharoni|Hejar Abdul Rahman|Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat|Shariff?Ghazali Sazlina|Mohd Hanafi Azman Ong
|
The effects of self-efficacy enhancing program on foot self-care behaviour of older adults with diabetes: A randomised controlled trial in elderly care facility, Peninsular Malaysia
| 2,018 |
Universiti Teknologi MARA|Universiti Putra Malaysia|Universiti Putra Malaysia|Universiti Putra Malaysia|Universiti Putra Malaysia|Universiti Teknologi MARA
|
background selfcare behaviour essential preventing diabetes foot problems study aimed evaluate effectiveness health education programs based selfefficacy theory foot selfcare behaviour older adults diabetes methods randomised controlled trial conducted 12 weeks among older adults diabetes elderly care facility peninsular malaysia six elderly care facility randomly allocated independent person two groups intervention control intervention group three elderly care facility received health education program foot selfcare behaviour control group three elderly care facility received standard care participants assessed baseline week4 week12 followups primary outcome footselfcare behaviour foot care selfefficacy efficacy expectation foot care outcome expectation knowledge foot care quality life secondary outcomes data analysed mixed design analysis variance using statistical package social sciences version 220 results 184 respondents recruited 76 met selection criteria included analysis foot selfcare behaviour foot care selfefficacy efficacy expectation foot care outcome expectation knowledge foot care improved intervention group compared control group p 005 however improvements significantly differ compared control group qol physical symptoms qol psychosocial functioning p 005 conclusion selfefficacy enhancing program improved foot selfcare behaviour respect delivered program expected future selfefficacy theory incorporated diabetes education enhance foot selfcare behaviour elderly diabetes living institutional care facilities trial registration australian new zealand clinical trial registry actrn12616000210471
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/25299
|
Marija Pantelic|Janina Steinert|Jay Park|Shaun Mellors|Fungai Murau
|
‘Management of a spoiled identity’: systematic review of interventions to address self-stigma among people living with and affected by HIV
| 2,019 |
Oxford Policy Management|University of Oxford|University of Göttingen|University of British Columbia
|
background selfstigma also known internalised stigma global public health threat keeps people accessing hiv health services hampering hiv testing treatment prevention selfstigma compromise sustainability health interventions serious epidemiological consequences review synthesised existing evidence interventions aiming reduce selfstigma experienced people living hiv key populations affected hiv lowincome middleincome countries methods studies identified bibliographic databases grey literature sites study registries back referencing contacts researchers synthesised following cochrane guidelines results 5880 potentially relevant titles 20 studies included review represented studies 9536 people 65 women ethiopia india kenya lesotho malawi nepal south africa swaziland tanzania thailand uganda vietnam seventeen studies recruited people living hiv five focused specifically pregnant women remaining three studies focused young men sex men female sex workers men inject drugs studies clustered four categories based socioecological level risk resilience targeted 1 individual level 2 individual relational levels 3 individual structural levels 4 structural level thirteen studies targeting structural risks without individual components consistently produced significant reductions selfstigma remaining seven studies include component address structural risks produced mixed effects conclusion structural interventions scaleup antiretroviral treatment prevention medication stockouts social empowerment economic strengthening may help substantially reduce selfstigma among individuals research urgently needed understand reduce selfstigma among young people key populations well tackle intersectional selfstigma
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/36206
|
Minjung Lee|Myoungsoon You
|
Effects of COVID-19 Emergency Alert Text Messages on Practicing Preventive Behaviors: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey in South Korea
| 2,021 |
Seoul National University|Seoul National University of Education|Seoul National University
|
background sending emergency messages via mobile phone text messaging promising communication tool rapidly disseminate information promote preventive behavior among public epidemic outbreaks battle overcome covid19 yet thus essential public practices preventive measures prevent spread covid19 objective study aimed investigate effectiveness reading obtaining information via emergency alert sms text messages effects individuals practice preventive behaviors early stages covid19 outbreak south korea methods crosssectional webbased survey comprising 990 participants conducted 3 days march 2527 2020 multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed sociodemographic factors might influence behavior reading emergency alert text messages hierarchical linear regression model estimated associations reading emergency alert text messages precautionary behavior practiced covid19 additionally indirect effects reading text messages precautionary behavior via psychological factors ie perceived risk response efficacy calculated data weighted according 2019 korea census data results overall 492 487990 participants reported always read emergency alert text messages visited linked website obtain information factors female sex odds ratio 168 95 ci 128221 older age 3039 years 202 95 ci 125328 4049 years 284 95 ci 180447 5059 years 319 95 ci 201506 60 years 312 95 ci 200486 versus 1829 years identified associated higher frequency reading text messages participants always read text messages practiced wearing facial masks 074 p01 frequently terms social distancing participants reported always read text messages avoided crowded places 078 p01 canceled postponed social gatherings 103 plt001 frequently read text messages furthermore reading text messages directly indirectly affected practicing precautionary behaviors mediation effect response efficacy reading text messages practicing preventive behaviors significant conclusions findings suggest emergency alert text messages sent individuals mobile phones timely effective strategies encouraging preventive behavior public sending emergency alert text messages provide public accurate reliable information could positively considered health authorities might reduce negative impact infodemics
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29150
|
Nicola Rosaasen|Jeff Taylor|David Blackburn|Rahul Mainra|Ahmed Shoker|Holly Mansell
|
Development and Validation of the Kidney Transplant Understanding Tool (K-TUT)
| 2,017 |
Saskatchewan Health Authority|University of Saskatchewan|University of Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan Health Authority|University of Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan Health Authority|University of Saskatchewan|University of Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan Health Authority
|
background several educational interventions designed improve patient knowledge kidney transplantation however evaluation interventions difficult validated instruments measure knowledgebased outcomes population developed objective create tool measure patient knowledge kidney transplantation evaluate validity methods kidney transplant understanding tool ktut created using stepwise iterative process experts field transplant recipients consulted establish content validity ktut consists 9 truefalse 13 multiplechoice questions scores based number correct answers yesno format 69 items questionnaire piloted study also measured health literacy via short test functional health literacy transplant candidates whereas main survey mailed transplant recipients testretest performed completed surveys analyzed internal consistency construct validity floor ceiling effects reproducibility results surveys offered 106 pretransplant patients 235 posttransplant period response rates 387 41106 634 149235 respectively mean corrected scores 531 85 77 562 63 81 respectively testretest performed 20 cohorts percent agreement ranged 70 100 pretransplant group 66 100 posttransplant group cronbach ranged 0794 0875 cohorts indicating favorable internal consistency increased health literacy pretransplant group significantly associated increased knowledge r 052 p lt 0001 suggestive construct validity absence floor ceiling effects positive majority transplant recipients 98148 67 believed questionnaire adequately assessed transplant knowledge quarter 36148 243 unsure 85 126148 agreed questions removed conclusions although study warranted assess psychometric properties ktut appears promising tool measure transplant knowledge
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28317
|
Hamed Rezakhani Moghaddam|Soheila Ranjbaran|Towhid Babazadeh
|
The role of e-health literacy and some cognitive factors in adopting protective behaviors of COVID-19 in Khalkhal residents
| 2,022 |
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
|
background several vaccines recently generated utilized prevent covid19 mortality although disease causing many fatalities worldwide preventative practices prioritized even vaccines available therefore study aimed identify role ehealth literacy cognitive factors adopting protective behaviors covid19 khalkhal residents methods present crosssectional study recruited 380 people aged 1865 according cluster sampling september 2021 december 2021 khalkhal county iran reliable validated tools applied data collection including ehealth literacy scale eheals persian cognitive factors assessment questionnaire based health belief model hbm data analyzed using chisquare oneway anova independent samples test bivariate correlation predictors also determined using hierarchical linear regression analysis results average age participants 3526 1151 years regression analysis implied gender p value 0032 education level p value 0001 occupational status p value 0002 income p value 0001 marriage p value 0001 statistically significant associations ehl additionally education level p value 0001 occupational status p value 0001 income p value 0001 marriage p value 0002 revealed statistically significant associations covid19 preventive behaviors approximately 165 variation covid19 protective behaviors explained cognitive factors demographic variables overall demographic cognitive ehl variables able explain roughly 355 variation covid19 protective behaviors furthermore selfefficacy strongest predictor protective behaviors 0214 conclusions hbm constructs successfully predicted role ehealth literacy cognitive factors adopting covid19 protective behaviors people high socioeconomic levels better ehealth literacy covid19 protective behaviors pandemic moreover applying approaches adopting covid19 protective behaviors essential especially low socioeconomic status ses groups
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.1234
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Alexandra Rouquette|Théotime Nadot|Pierre Labitrie|Stephan Van den Broucke|Julien Mancini|Laurent Rigal|Virginie Ringa
|
Validity and measurement invariance across sex, age, and education level of the French short versions of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire
| 2,018 |
University of Paris-Saclay|University of Paris-Saclay|University of Paris-Saclay|UCLouvain|Economic & Social Sciences, Health Systems & Medical Informatics|Inserm|University of Paris-Saclay|University of Paris-Saclay
|
background short versions european health literacy survey hlseu questionnaire increasingly used measure compare health literacy hl populations worldwide validated versions questionnaires thus far appeared french study aimed study psychometric properties french translation 16 6item short versions hlseuq16 hlseuq6 including measurement invariance across sex age education level methods consensual french version hlseuq16 hlseuq6 developed following current recommendations transcultural questionnaire adaptation completed 317 patients recruited waiting rooms general practitioners paris area france structural validity studied rasch model hlseuq16 confirmatory factorial analysis cfa hlseuq6 concurrent convergent validity respectively assessed scores functional communicative critical health literacy fcchl questionnaire physicians evaluations patients hl results 16 items hlseuq16 rasch homogenous meaningful differential item functioning dif found across sex age andor education level eight items cfa model fit hlseuq6 poor overall scores hlseu short versions correlated poorly fcchl scores similarly hl levels defined using either shortversion score agree physicians hl assessments conclusion french version hlseuq16 acceptable psychometric properties despite meaningful dif age sex education level poor discriminative power among subjects average high hl level recommend use measure hl populations sufficient reading skills discriminate subjects low average hl also sensitivity analyses performed evaluate potential measurement bias due dif results demonstrate validity hlseuq6
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236078
|
Xiaojing Li|Qinliang Liu
|
Social Media Use, eHealth Literacy, Disease Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study on Chinese Netizens
| 2,020 |
Shanghai Jiao Tong University|Shanghai Jiao Tong University
|
background since outbreak january 2020 covid19 quickly spread worldwide become global pandemic social media platforms recognized important tools healthpromoting practices public health use social media widespread among public however little known effects social media use health promotion pandemic covid19 objective study aimed explore predictive role social media use public preventive behaviors china covid19 pandemic disease knowledge ehealth literacy moderated relationship social media use preventive behaviors methods national webbased crosssectional survey conducted proportionate probability sampling among 802 chinese internet users netizens february 2020 descriptive statistics pearson correlations hierarchical multiple regressions employed examine explore relationships among variables results almost half 802 study participants male 416 519 average age participants 3265 years 802 participants high education levels 624 777 high income gt5000 us 73629 525 653 married 496 618 good health 486 606 average time social media use approximately 2 3 hours per day mean 234 hours sd 111 frequently used media types public social media mean score 4495 sd 078 aggregated social media mean score 4075 sd 107 social media use frequency 20 plt001 rather time significantly predicted preventive behaviors covid19 respondents also equipped high levels disease knowledge mean score 81510 sd 143 ehealth literacy mean score 3795 sd 059 disease knowledge 11 p001 ehealth literacy 27 plt001 also significant predictors preventive behaviors furthermore ehealth literacy p038 disease knowledge p03 positively moderated relationship social media use frequency preventive behaviors ehealth literacy 07 affected relationship positively disease knowledge 07 affected negatively different social media types differed predicting individuals preventive behaviors covid19 aggregated social media 22 plt001 best predictor followed public social media 14 plt001 professional social media 11 p002 however official social media 02 p597 insignificant predictor conclusions social media effective tool promote behaviors prevent covid19 among public health literacy essential promotion individual health influences extent public engages preventive behaviors pandemic results enrich theoretical paradigm public health management health communication also practical implications pandemic control china countries
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989x211020317
|
Ignacio Miralles|Carlos Granell|Laura Díaz-Sanahuja|William Van Woensel|Juana Bretón-López|Adriana Mira|Diana Castilla|Sven Casteleyn
|
Smartphone Apps for the Treatment of Mental Disorders: Systematic Review
| 2,020 |
Universitat Jaume I|Universitat Jaume I|Universitat Jaume I|Dalhousie University|Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition|Universitat Jaume I|Universitat de València|Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition|Universitat de València|Universitat Jaume I
|
background smartphone apps increasingly popular means delivering psychological interventions patients suffering mental disorder line popularity need analyze summarize state art psychological technical perspective objective study aimed systematically review literature use smartphones psychological interventions systematic review following objectives 1 analyze coverage mental disorders research articles per year 2 study types assessment research articles per mental disorder per year 3 map use advanced technical features sensors novel software features personalization social media per mental disorder 4 provide overview smartphone apps per mental disorder 5 provide overview key characteristics empirical assessments rigorous designs ie randomized controlled trials rcts methods preferred reporting items systematic reviews metaanalyses guidelines systematic reviews followed performed searches scopus web science american psychological association psycnet medical literature analysis retrieval system online covering period 6 years 20132018 included papers described use smartphone apps deliver psychological interventions known mental disorders formed multidisciplinary teams comprising experts psychology computer science select classify articles based psychological technical features results found 158 articles met inclusion criteria observed increasing interest smartphonebased interventions time research targeted disorders high prevalence depressive 31158196 anxiety disorders 18158 114 total 727 115158 papers focused six mental disorders depression anxiety trauma stressorrelated substancerelated addiction schizophrenia spectrum psychotic disorders combination disorders half known mental disorders scarcely lt3 represented increasing number studies dedicated assessing clinical effects rcts still minority 25158 158 technical viewpoint interventions leveraging improved modalities screen sound interactivity smartphones sparingly leveraged truly novel capabilities sensors alternative delivery paradigms analytical methods conclusions need designing interventions full breadth mental disorders rather primarily focusing prevalent disorders contend increasingly systematic focus involving rcts needed improve robustness trustworthiness assessments regarding technical aspects argue exploration innovative use novel capabilities smartphones needed fully realize potential treatment mental health disorders
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/16629
|
Laura Carrasco?Hernández|Francisco Jódar?Sánchez|Francisco J. Núñez-Benjumea|Jesús Moreno-Conde|Marco Mesa González|A Balcells|Santiago Hors-Fraile|Carlos Calderón|Panagiotis D. Bamidis|Francisco Órtega Ruiz
|
A Mobile Health Solution Complementing Psychopharmacology-Supported Smoking Cessation: Randomized Controlled Trial
| 2,020 |
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias|Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío|Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla|Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío|Universidad de Sevilla|Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla|Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío|Universidad de Sevilla|Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla|Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío|Universidad de Sevilla|Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío|Universidad de Sevilla|Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla|Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío|Universidad de Sevilla|Aristotle University of Thessaloniki|Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío
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background smoking cessation persistent leading public health challenge mobile health mhealth solutions emerging improve smoking cessation treatments previous approaches proposed supporting cessation tailored motivational messages managed provide shortterm improvements smoking cessation yet approaches either static terms personalization humanbased nonscalable solutions additionally longterm effects neither presented assessed combination existing psychopharmacological therapies objective study aimed analyze longterm efficacy mobile app supporting psychopharmacological therapy smoking cessation complementarily assess involved innovative technology methods 12month randomized openlabel parallelgroup trial comparing smoking cessation rates performed virgen del roco university hospital seville spain smokers randomly allocated control group cg receiving usual care psychopharmacological treatment n120 intervention group ig receiving psychopharmacological treatment using mobile app providing artificial intelligencegenerated tailored smoking cessation support messages n120 secondary objectives analyze healthrelated quality life monitor healthy lifestyle physical exercise habits safety assessed according presence adverse events related pharmacological therapy perprotocol intentiontotreat analyses performed incomplete data multinomial regression analyses performed assess variables influencing participant cessation probability technical solution assessed according precision tailored motivational smoking cessation messages user engagement cessation cessation subgroups compared using tests voluntary satisfaction questionnaire administered end intervention participants completed trial results ig abstinence 275 times higher adjusted 345 p01 perprotocol analysis 215 times higher adjusted 313 p002 intentiontotreat analysis lost data analysis multinomial logistic models showed different patterns participants dropped regarding safety 14 120 117 ig participants 13 120 108 cg participants 19 23 adverse events respectively p84 none clinical secondary objective measures showed relevant differences groups system able learn tailor messages improved effectiveness supporting smoking cessation unable reduce time message sent opened either case relevant difference cessation cessation subgroups however significant difference found system engagement 6 months p04 subsequent months high system appreciation reported end study conclusions proposed mhealth solution complementing psychopharmacological therapy showed greater efficacy achieving 1year tobacco abstinence compared psychopharmacological therapy alone provides basis artificial intelligencebased future approaches trial registration clinicaltrialsgov nct03553173 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2shownct03553173 international registered report identifier irrid rr210219612464
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140021
|
Naseem Ahmed|Tooba Shahbaz|A. Shamim|Kiran Shafiq Khan|Shahzad Hussain|Asad Usman
|
The COVID-19 Infodemic: A Quantitative Analysis Through Facebook
| 2,020 |
Dow University of Health Sciences|Dow University of Health Sciences|Dow University of Health Sciences|Dow University of Health Sciences|Dow University of Health Sciences|Dow University of Health Sciences
|
background social media crucial part daily life facebook biggest social media platform plays significant role spread information influencing global response covid19 pandemic health care agencies like world health organization centers disease control prevention cdc use social media platform impart information regarding covid19 simultaneously spread misinformation social media masking credible sources information research aims assess utility facebook providing misinformation testing factcheck policy methods online search conducted facebook newly created account eliminate bias facebook search bar used investigate multiple keywords data tabulated microsoft excel microsoft corporation redmond wa descriptive statistical analysis facebook accounts posts done using statistical package social sciences spss version 26 ibm corp armonk ny statistical importance set priority pvalue 005 results study consisted 454 facebook posts 225 posted verified accounts 239 informal individualgroup accounts tone 404 covid19 information serious common 439 topic medicalpublic health total 223 included misinformation 196 unverifiable 275 included correct information verifiable cdc conclusions misinformationunverifiable information related covid19 crisis spreading distressing rate social media quantified misinformation tested facebooks factcheck policy advise strict initiatives control infodemic advise future researches evaluate accuracy content circulated social media platforms
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043400
|
Nick Huband|Mary McMurran|Chris Evans|Conor Duggan
|
Social problem-solving plus psychoeducation for adults with personality disorder
| 2,007 |
Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust|University of Nottingham|Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust|University of Nottingham
|
background social problemsolving therapy may relevant treatment personality disorder although assessments effectiveness uncommon aims determine effectiveness problemsolving intervention adults personality disorder community conditions resembling routine clinical practice method participants randomly allocated brief psychoeducation plus 16 problemsolving group sessions n 87 waitinglist control n 89 primary outcome comparison scores social problem solving inventory social functioning questionnaire intervention control arms conclusion treatment average 24 weeks randomisation results intentiontotreat analysis allocated intervention showed significantly better problemsolving skills p lt 0001 higher overall social functioning p 0031 lower anger expression p 0039 compared controls significant differences found use services intervention period conclusions problemsolving plus psychoeducation potential preliminary intervention adults personality disorder
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/20346
|
Janie Busby Grant|China Bruce|Philip J. Batterham
|
Predictors of personal, perceived and self-stigma towards anxiety and depression
| 2,015 |
University of Canberra|University of Canberra|Australian National University
|
background stigma towards individuals experiencing mental illness associated range negative psychological social financial outcomes factors associated stigma remain unclear relationship stigma various personal factors may depend type disorder stigmatised type stigma assessed different forms stigma include personal stigma negative attitudes towards others perceived stigma perceived attitudes others selfstigma selfattribution others negative attitudes method three hundred fifty university students members general public completed online survey assessing contact knowledge depression anxiety age gender current depression anxiety symptoms personal perceived selfstigma depression anxiety results greater contact knowledge illness predicted lower personal stigma anxiety depression participants greater levels current depression symptomatology females reported higher perceived stigma towards depression males reported higher personal stigma anxiety anxiety depression higher current symptomatology associated greater levels selfstigma towards illness conclusions findings confirm role contact knowledge personal stigma disorders consistent previous findings finding also supports evidence interventions addressing factors associated decline personal stigma however lack relationship contact knowledge mental illness perceived selfstigma either depression anxiety suggests factors may play major role perceived selfstigma identification symptomatology key factor associated selfstigma anxiety depression significant implications communitywide interventions aiming increase helpseeking behaviour well individual treatment strategies clinicians research examine whether relationships hold groups clinically diagnosed depression anxiety disorders
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0129376
|
Simon Cousens|Hannah Blencowe|Cynthia Stanton|Doris Chou|Saifuddin Ahmed|Laura C. Steinhardt|Andreea A. Creanga|Özge Tunçalp|Zohra Patel Balsara|Shivam Gupta|Lale Say|Joy E Lawn
| null | 2,011 |
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Johns Hopkins University|World Health Organization|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|World Health Organization
|
background stillbirths count routine worldwide datacollating systems millennium development goals two sets national stillbirth estimates 2000 produced similar worldwide totals 32 million 33 million rates differed substantially countries aimed develop reliable estimates time series 1995 193 countries increasing input data using recent data applying improved modelling approaches methods international comparison stillbirth defined fetal death third trimester 1000 g birthweight 28 completed weeks gestation several sources stillbirth data identified assessed prespecified inclusion criteria vital registration data nationally representative surveys published studies identified systematic literature searches unpublished studies national data identified country consultation process 2009 reported rates used 33 countries modelbased estimates 160 countries regression model log stillbirth rate developed used predict national stillbirth rates 1995 2009 uncertainty ranges obtained bootstrap approach final model included logneonatal mortality rate cubic spline loglow birthweight rate cubic spline loggross national income purchasing power parity cubic spline region type data source definition stillbirth findings vital registration data 79 countries 69 nationally representative surveys 39 countries 113 studies 42 countries met inclusion criteria estimated number global stillbirths 264 million uncertainty range 214 million 382 million 2009 compared 303 million uncertainty range 237 million 419 million 1995 worldwide stillbirth rate declined 145 221 stillbirths per 1000 births 1995 189 stillbirths per 1000 births 2009 2009 762 stillbirths occurred south asia subsaharan africa interpretation study draws attention dearth reliable data regions stillbirths occur estimated trend stillbirth rate reduction slower maternal mortality lags behind increasing progress reducing deaths children younger 5 years improved data improved use data crucial ensure stillbirths count global national policy funding bill melinda gates foundation global alliance prevent prematurity stillbirth saving newborn livessave children international stillbirth alliance department reproductive health research un development programme un population fund world bank special programme research development research training human reproduction
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31133
|
Xiaohua Ye|Zhenjiang Yao|Weidong Liu|Yanping Fan|Ya Xu|Sidong Chen
|
Path Analysis to Identify Factors Influencing Health Skills and Behaviors in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Survey
| 2,014 |
Southern Medical University|Guangdong Pharmaceutical University|Guangdong Pharmaceutical University|Guangdong Pharmaceutical University|Guangdong Pharmaceutical University|Guangdong Pharmaceutical University|Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
|
background studies conducted past mostly rely models functional health literacy adult populations however models satisfy need health intervention adolescents identification key factors influencing adolescents health literacy essential developing effective prevention intervention measures study aimed test theoretical model predictors health skills health behaviors adolescents methods crosssectional survey conducted guangdong using multistage stratified cluster sample design representative random sample 3821 students aged 1325 years selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling path analysis used test hypothesized model health literacy results path analysis showed knowledge infectious disease 026 health skills 022 health concept 020 general health knowledge 015 gender 012 school performance 006 positive direct effect health behaviors adolescents explanatory variables accounted 43 variance explaining health behaviors knowledge infectious disease 030 health concept 017 general health knowledge 013 school performance 005 positive indirect effect health behaviors impacts health skills conclusion study identified several direct indirect factors influencing health skills health behaviors adolescents findings assist health professionals designing effective health interventions aim improve health skills health behaviors adolescents
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.05.1242
|
Mary A. Dolansky|Misty A.W. Hawkins|Julie T. Schaefer|Abdus Sattar|John Gunstad|Joseph D. Redle|Richard Josephson|Shirley Moore|Joel W. Hughes
|
Association Between Poorer Cognitive Function and Reduced Objectively Monitored Medication Adherence in Patients With Heart Failure
| 2,016 |
Summa Health System|Case Western Reserve University|Oklahoma State University|Kent State University|Summa Health System|Case Western Reserve University|Oklahoma State University|Kent State University|Summa Health System|Case Western Reserve University|Oklahoma State University|Kent State University|Summa Health System|Case Western Reserve University|Oklahoma State University|Kent State University|Summa Health System|Case Western Reserve University|Oklahoma State University|Kent State University|Summa Health System|Case Western Reserve University|Oklahoma State University|Kent State University|Summa Health System|Case Western Reserve University|Oklahoma State University|Kent State University|Summa Health System|Case Western Reserve University|Oklahoma State University|Kent State University|Summa Health System|Case Western Reserve University|Oklahoma State University|Kent State University
|
background subclinical cognitive impairment prevalent heart failure hf however role important clinical outcomes hf treatment adherence unclear given complex polypharmacy hf treatment cognitive deficits may important predicting medication management thus objective current study examine impact cognitive function medication adherence among communitydwelling patients hf using objective assessments methods results prospective observational cohort design 309 communitydwelling patients hf 597 male 68797 years history dementia neurological disease cognition assessed using neuropsychological battery baseline medication adherence objectively measured 21 days using electronic pillbox regression analyses tested whether attention executive function memory predicted 21day medication adherence unadjusted analyses lower scores 3 cognitive domains predicted poorer medication adherence 05285 p 00010009 adjusting demographic clinical psychosocial variables memory continued predict medication adherence 051 p 0008 whereas executive function 024 p 0075 attention longer predictor 034 p 0131 conclusions poorer cognitive function especially regard memory predicted reduced medication adherence among patients hf history dementia effect remained adjustment factors known predict adherence depressed mood social support disease severity level future studies examine link cognitive impairment medication nonadherence clinical outcomes eg hospitalization mortality clinical trial registration url httpwwwclinicaltrialsgov unique identifier nct01461629
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/19767
|
S. M. Yasir Arafat|MA Mohit|Mohammad S. I. Mullick|Russell Kabir|Murad Moosa Khan
|
Risk factors for suicide in Bangladesh: case–control psychological autopsy study
| 2,020 |
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University|Anglia Ruskin University
|
background suicide important understudied public health problem bangladesh risk factors suicide investigated casecontrol psychological autopsy study aims identify major risk factors suicide dhaka bangladesh methods designed matched casecontrol psychological autopsy study conducted semistructured interview nextofkin 100 individuals died suicide 100 living controls matched age gender area residence study conducted july 2019 july 2020 results odds ratios risk factors 1533 95 ci 4764930 presence psychiatric disorder 1775 95 ci 6484859 life events 6528 95 ci 075564448 previous attempts 12 95 ci 1569229 sexual abuse conclusions presence psychiatric disorder immediate life events previous suicidal attempts sexual abuse found significant risk factors suicide dhaka bangladesh
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12346
|
Michael P. Coughlan|Patricia Cronin|Frances Ryan
|
Survey research: Process and limitations
| 2,009 |
Trinity College Dublin|Trinity College Dublin|Trinity College Dublin
|
background survey research nonexperimental research approach used gather information incidence distribution relationships exist variables predetermined population uses include gathering data related attitudes behaviours incidence events modern researchers sample surveys cost effective easier undertake population surveys gathering information however increases risk representation measurement errors contents number different forms survey research however share common steps common limitations article discusses steps view highlighting common difficulties conclusions modern era pressures time cost led population census generally replaced sample surveys newer survey methods data collection may also help reducing cost still limitations researchers need aware potential errors occur surveys order reduce risk areas control
|
https://doi.org/10.2196/14088
|
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