Yusuf5/OpenCaselistLI · Datasets at Hugging Face

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5,306	3,385,979	112,999	1AC	Advantage	null	That blots out the Sun – extinction	Scheetz 6 [Lori, J.D. Candidate at Georgetown University Law Center, “Infusing Environmental Ethics into the Space Weapons Dialouge,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Fall, 19 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 57]	Scheetz 6	147,449	36	14,671	1
6,404	2,565,788	82,533	1AC	Debris	null	That blots out the Sun – extinction	Scheetz 6 [Lori, J.D. Candidate at Georgetown University Law Center, “Infusing Environmental Ethics into the Space Weapons Dialouge,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Fall, 19 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 57]	Scheetz 6	147,449	36	14,671	1
6,427	2,567,439	82,570	1AC	Debris	null	That blots out the Sun – extinction	Scheetz 6 [Lori, J.D. Candidate at Georgetown University Law Center, “Infusing Environmental Ethics into the Space Weapons Dialouge,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Fall, 19 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 57]	Scheetz 6	147,449	36	14,671	1
1,284	2,567,410	82,568	1AC	Debris	null	That blots out the Sun – extinction	Scheetz 6 [Lori, J.D. Candidate at Georgetown University Law Center, “Infusing Environmental Ethics into the Space Weapons Dialouge,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Fall, 19 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 57]	Scheetz 6	147,449	36	14,671	1
3,654	1,929,508	56,989	1NC	1NC – OFF	1NC – DA – Secret Service	extinction from bioterror.	Millett and Snyder-Beattie, 17 [Piers Millett has a Ph.D. and is Senior Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie has a M.S. and is Director of Research at the Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, 8-1-2017, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed]	Millett and Snyder-Beattie, 17	2,127	1,722	8,518	1
7,567	2,748,060	87,132	2nc	Fill-In	null	China fills in small arms	SIPRI ’13 (SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/PP/SIPRIPP38.pdf) //A.F	SIPRI ’13	67,653	4	2,389	0
7,568	98,000	1,423	China Fill-In DA	LINKS	L – Small Arms	China fills in small arms	SIPRI ’13 (SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/PP/SIPRIPP38.pdf) //A.F	SIPRI ’13	67,653	4	2,389	0
3,168	97,967	1,410	*SMALL ARMS NEG*	CHINA FILL-IN DA	Links / TO Solvency	China fills in small arms	SIPRI ’13 (SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/PP/SIPRIPP38.pdf) //A.F	SIPRI ’13	67,653	4	2,389	0
8,673	2,743,613	87,047	2nc	Fill-In	null	China fills in small arms	SIPRI ’13 (SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/PP/SIPRIPP38.pdf) //A.F	SIPRI ’13	67,653	4	2,389	0
4,536	1,405,655	37,805	null	null	2ac – Midterms – Repubs Good	The plan doesn’t change the election	Nate Silver 14, Elections expert, 6/4, “The Political Media Still Fall for the Hot-Hand Fallacy”, FiveThirtyEight, http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/the-political-media-still-falls-for-the-hot-hand-fallacy/	Silver 14,	622,515	6	142	0
8,474	1,601,338	46,627	null	null	null	Their appeal to unions is merely a tool of capitalism and uphold capitalist and neoliberal ideology	Eidlin, Barry. “Why Unions Are Good — but Not Good Enough.” Jacobinmag.com, 6 Jan. 2020, www.jacobinmag.com/2020/01/marxism-trade-unions-socialism-revolutionary-organizing.	Eidlin 2020, www.jacobinmag.com/2020/01/marxism-trade-unions-socialism-revolutionary-organizing.	41,695	84	929	0
762	797,098	18,656	1NC	1NC	null	Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade	Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america	Colby 14	32,227	194	1,809	1
786	798,903	18,695	Off	null	1NC	Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade	Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america	Colby 14	32,227	194	1,809	1
9,029	811,530	19,115	null	null	1NC CP	Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade	Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america	Colby 14	32,227	194	1,809	1
9,063	811,854	19,124	null	null	3	Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade	Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america	Colby 14	32,227	194	1,809	1
9,097	741,720	17,061	null	1NC	1NC	Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade	Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america	Colby 14	32,227	194	1,809	1
9,120	797,172	18,652	null	1NC	1NC CP	Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade	Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america	Colby 14	32,227	194	1,809	1
7,495	743,871	17,113	null	null	1	Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade	Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america	Colby 14	32,227	194	1,809	1
7,504	811,733	19,121	null	null	1NC CP	Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade	Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america	Colby 14	32,227	194	1,809	1
5,243	1,367,748	35,867	1NC	null	1NC	Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade	Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america	Colby 14	32,227	194	1,809	1
1,140	708,353	15,535	Lauren Round 5 NC	1	null	Merriam-Webster defines prohibit:	Merriam Webster’s Learner Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prohibitJN	null	51,689	1,007	15,696	1
2,412	2,616,453	83,172	Case	India DA	AT: plan doesn’t exclude india	Excluding India undermines their space leadership---the CP results in the same outcome as the plan but builds in multilateral participation	Dr. Rajeswari Rajagopalan 12, senior fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, Spring 2012, “The Space Code of Conduct Debate: A View from Delhi,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, p. 137-148	Rajagopalan 12	1,106,451	44	3,515	0
5,549	1,361,168	35,540	1NC	Solvency – Market-Based Sales	Exploitation	Altruistic donations are key—market based solutions don’t solve supply and make things worse	Ishika Arora [contributing writer for Prospect Journal—international affairs journal at the University of California, San Diego] “THE HUMAN MEAT MARKET: AN ANALYSIS ON THE LEGALIZATION OF THE ORGAN TRADE”, March 14, 2012 http://prospectjournal.org/2012/03/14/the-human-meat-market-an-analysis-on-the-legalization-of-the-organ-trade/	Arora 2012	634,651	22	815	1
9,831	3,320,214	109,505	null	Off	1NC Iran DA	Gives Iran control over a quarter of oil supplies – causes massive oil shocks and decks the economy.	Mohammed Khalid 18 [Saudi Arabian political analyst, commentator and senior fellow @ Gulf Research Center, previously nonresident fellow @ Atlantic Council], "What’s at stake in Yemen affects us all," TheHill, 12-10-2018 https://thehill.com/opinion/international/420375-whats-at-stake-in-yemen-affects-us-all	Khalid 18	72,272	36	2,075	1
3,841	3,882,724	129,670	Greenhill R6 NC v Buchholz VB	Framing	null	[1] Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses.	Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, “Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies”, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S.	Blum et al. 18	41,540	1,513	19,129	1
5,378	3,882,451	129,655	UK R3 NC v Iowa City West FZ	Util:	null	[1] Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses.	Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, “Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies”, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S.	Blum et al. 18	41,540	1,513	19,129	1
7,279	44,698	787	Adv 1: Agricultural Runoff Extensions	Nutrients	Nutrients Impact: Drinking Water	Nitrate runoff correlates with increased rates of cancer – best studies prove.	Temkin, PhD & Evans Environmental Working Group science analyst, ’19 [Alexis Temkin, PhD and Toxicologist, EWG and Sydney Evans, Science Analyst, EWG, “Nitrate in U.S. Tap Water May Cause More than 12,500 Cancers a Year: EWG’s Peer-Reviewed Study Estimates Cases in Each State,” Environmental Working Group, 6—19, p. 3-5]	Temkin, PhD & Evans Environmental Working Group science analyst, ’19	31,010	1	4,018	1
8,948	137,512	1,865	Neg	Terrorism Defense	AT: Nuclear Terror	Nuclear terrorism won’t happen	Mueller 18 (John Mueller is a senior fellow at the Cato Institute. He is also a member of the political science department and senior research scientist with the Mershon Center for International Security Studies at Ohio State University. A leading expert on terrorism and particularly on the reactions (or over-reactions) it often inspires, he is the co-author (with Mark G. Stewart) of Chasing Ghosts: The Policing of Terrorism, published by Oxford University Press in 2016. Their Terror, Security and Money: Balancing the Risks, Benefits, and Costs of Homeland Security was published in 2011 by Oxford. Other books from Mueller include Overblown: How Politicians and the Terrorism Industry Inflate National Security Threats and Why We Believe Them (Free Press, 2006) and Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda (Oxford, 2010). He is also the editor of Terrorism Since 9/11: The American Cases (Mershon Center, Ohio State, 2015) and (with Christopher A. Preble) A Dangerous World? Threat Perception and U.S. National Security (Cato, 2014). Mueller is also the author of a multiple-prize-winning book analyzing public opinion during the Korean and Vietnam Wars, War, Presidents and Public Opinion, and of Retreat from Doomsday: The Obsolescence of Major War, which deals with changing attitudes toward war. Mueller’s book about international and civil wars, The Remnants of War (Cornell University Press, 2004) was awarded the Lepgold Prize for the best book on international relations in 2004. Mueller has published scores of articles in such journals as International Security, American Political Science Review, American Interest, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Security Studies, Orbis, American Journal of Political Science, Risk Analysis, National Interest, and Foreign Affairs, as well as a great many opinion pieces. He has been a visiting fellow at the Brookings Institution, the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and the Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, has been a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow, and has received grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities. He has also received several teaching prizes.; “Nuclear Weapons Don’t Matter”; https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2018-10-15/nuclear-weapons-dont-matter; written November/December 2018; accessed 7/28/19)	Mueller 18	3,456	650	5,517	1
1,509	101,621	1,461	null	1NC – Frontlines – LO	2nc - Alt Solvency	7. Removing all the arms sales reproduces the impacts they critique	A. Trevor Thrall and Caroline Dorminey, 3-13-2018, "Risky Business: The Role of Arms Sales in U.S. Foreign Policy," Cato Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/risky-business-role-arms-sales-us-foreign-policy	Thrall and Dorminey 18	69,764	41	3,528	0
2,839	434,510	5,573	null	Misc	Cohen Terminal Impact	U.S.’s showings of weakness will cause instability throughout the world and allow other countries to take U.S. hegemony.	Cohen ‘13 ( Eliot Cohen of the Wall Street Journal, and director of Strategic Studies at Johns Hopkins, “Eliot Cohen: American Withdrawal and Global Disorder”)	Cohen ‘13	48,428	257	4,761	1
7,920	2,906,852	93,651	Aff – Appleton East Octos	1ac	Method	Abstract ethics don’t produce political results besides violence – embracing the hard work of pragmatic reform is key.	Condit 15 [Celeste, Distinguished Research Professor of Communication Studies at the University of Georgia, “Multi-Layered Trajectories for Academic Contributions to Social Change,” Feb 4, 2015, Quarterly Journal of Speech, Volume 101, Issue 1, 2015]	Condit 15	14,604	692	2,994	0
8,875	1,195,952	29,337	null	1AC	1AC — Ecocide Advantage	Reject “human first” and “human only” impact frameworks — they rely on a violent speciesism that underlies all systems of oppression and justifies total annihilation.	Best 7 — Steven Best, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas-El Paso, Co-Founder of the Institute for Critical Animal Studies, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Texas-Austin, 2007 (“The Killing Fields of South Africa: Eco-Wars, Species Apartheid, and Total Liberation,” Fast Capitalism, Volume 2, Issue 2, Available Online at https://fastcapitalism.uta.edu/2_2/best.html, Accessed 07-14-2021)	null	35,483	31	21,783	1
6,352	1,215,016	29,905	1AC	Framing	Scenario 2: Human Health	Reject “human first” and “human only” impact frameworks — they rely on a violent speciesism that underlies all systems of oppression and justifies total annihilation.	Best 7 — Steven Best, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas-El Paso, Co-Founder of the Institute for Critical Animal Studies, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Texas-Austin, 2007 (“The Killing Fields of South Africa: Eco-Wars, Species Apartheid, and Total Liberation,” Fast Capitalism, Volume 2, Issue 2, Available Online at https://fastcapitalism.uta.edu/2_2/best.html, Accessed 07-14-2021)	Best 7	35,483	31	21,749	1
4,527	61,670	1,007	Lower Snake River Dams Affirmative — SDI 2021	1AC	1AC — Ecocide Advantage	Reject “human first” and “human only” impact frameworks — they rely on a violent speciesism that underlies all systems of oppression and justifies total annihilation.	Best 7 — Steven Best, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas-El Paso, Co-Founder of the Institute for Critical Animal Studies, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Texas-Austin, 2007 (“The Killing Fields of South Africa: Eco-Wars, Species Apartheid, and Total Liberation,” Fast Capitalism, Volume 2, Issue 2, Available Online at https://fastcapitalism.uta.edu/2_2/best.html, Accessed 07-14-2021)	Best 7	35,483	31	21,749	1
7,545	3,548,010	117,249	1NC	Coverage	null	A catastrophic pandemic can’t happen	Sebastian FARQUHAR ET AL. 17. Project Manager at FHI responsible for external relations, M.A in Physics and Philosophy, Oxford. John Halstead, Global Priorities Project. Owen Cotton-Barratt, Research Associate in the FHI at Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at St. Hugh’s College. Stefan Schubert, PhD in philosophy, Researcher at the Centre for Effective Altruism. *Haydn Belfield, Academic Project Manager, Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, Cambridge. ****Andrew Snyder-Beattie, Director of Research at FHI. “Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance.” Future of Humanity Institute. Oxford, Global Priorities Project. https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf.	FARQUHAR ET AL. 17	2,356	1,808	1,121	1
1,322	775,683	18,085	1NC	null	MSD	No Asia war escalation	Wu, China Foundation for International Studies Center for American Studies executive director, 2013 (Zurong, “China and America’s Innate Goal: Avoiding War Forever”, 7-30, http://watchingamerica.com/News/217271/china-and-americas-innate-goal-avoiding-war-forever/, ldg)	Wu, China Foundation for International Studies Center for American Studies executive director, 2013	164,224	52	4,062	1
69	3,049,771	99,841	2AC	Offcase	AT: Trump 2020	Aff is way too low-profile to impact the election	Graham and Tomero 2k (Ambassador Thomas Graham, Jr., President of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), served as President Clinton's Special Representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament, and led the US Delegation to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference; Leonor Tomero, the LAWS Program Director for Western Europe and Latin America, August 2000. “"Obligations For Us All": NATO & Negative Security Assurances.” The Acronym Institute. http://www.acronym.org.uk/old/archive/49nato.htm)	Graham and Tomero 2k	809,855	95	3,318	0
4,486	3,066,265	100,019	Speech 2ac Round 3 NDT vs Trinity GG	2ac 2020 DA	2ac – Plan not Key	Aff is way too low-profile to impact the election	Graham and Tomero 2k (Ambassador Thomas Graham, Jr., President of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), served as President Clinton's Special Representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament, and led the US Delegation to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference; Leonor Tomero, the LAWS Program Director for Western Europe and Latin America, August 2000. “"Obligations For Us All": NATO & Negative Security Assurances.” The Acronym Institute. http://www.acronym.org.uk/old/archive/49nato.htm)	Graham and Tomero 2k	809,855	95	3,318	0
4,533	3,051,911	99,817	2AC	Offcase	AT: 2020 DA	Aff is way too low-profile to impact the election	Graham and Tomero 2k (Ambassador Thomas Graham, Jr., President of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), served as President Clinton's Special Representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament, and led the US Delegation to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference; Leonor Tomero, the LAWS Program Director for Western Europe and Latin America, August 2000. “"Obligations For Us All": NATO & Negative Security Assurances.” The Acronym Institute. http://www.acronym.org.uk/old/archive/49nato.htm)	Graham and Tomero 2k	809,855	95	3,318	0
6,158	3,059,787	99,895	2AC	Offcase	AT: Trump 2020	Aff is way too low-profile to impact the election	Graham and Tomero 2k (Ambassador Thomas Graham, Jr., President of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), served as President Clinton's Special Representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament, and led the US Delegation to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference; Leonor Tomero, the LAWS Program Director for Western Europe and Latin America, August 2000. “"Obligations For Us All": NATO & Negative Security Assurances.” The Acronym Institute. http://www.acronym.org.uk/old/archive/49nato.htm)	Graham and Tomero 2k	809,855	95	3,318	0
6,175	3,063,271	99,973	Speech 2ac Round 3 ADA vs NU JW	2ac DA – 2020	2ac – Plan not Key	Aff is way too low-profile to impact the election	Graham and Tomero 2k (Ambassador Thomas Graham, Jr., President of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), served as President Clinton's Special Representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament, and led the US Delegation to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference; Leonor Tomero, the LAWS Program Director for Western Europe and Latin America, August 2000. “"Obligations For Us All": NATO & Negative Security Assurances.” The Acronym Institute. http://www.acronym.org.uk/old/archive/49nato.htm)	Graham and Tomero 2k	809,855	95	3,318	0
3,514	2,093,875	62,526	null	Case	C2	Warming is NU -- it’s decreasing as emissions rise	John C. Fyfe et al. March 2016 (Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Victoria) “Making sense of the early-2000s warming slowdown” (Gerald A. Meehl, Matthew H. England, Michael E. Mann, Benjamin D. Santer, Gregory M. Flato, Ed Hawkins, Nathan P. Gillett, Shang-Ping Xie, Yu Kosaka and Neil C. Swart) www.nature.com/natureclimatechange	Fyfe et al 2016	156,441	84	3,205	1
6,001	3,576,771	118,558	1NC v Cabot BS	Case	Education	Results in thousands of deaths	Spittel et al. 15 — Michael L. Spittel, Health Scientist Administrator at the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health, Member of the Population Association of America and the Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science, former Program Officer at the Demographic and Behavior Sciences Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, et al., with William T. Riley, Director of the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health, Professorial Lecturer in the School of Public Health at George Washington University, former Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior at the Medical College of Georgia, former Associate Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University, holds a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Florida State University, and Robert M. Kaplan, Chief Science Officer at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Professor Emeritus of Health Policy and Management at the Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California-Los Angeles, former Associate Director for Behavioral and Social Sciences at the National Institutes of Health, holds a Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of California-Riverside, 2015 (“Educational attainment and life expectancy: A perspective from the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research,” Social Science & Medicine—a peer-reviewed academic journal, Volume 127, February, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via ScienceDirect)	Spittel et al. 15	1,483,882	8	9,324	1
2,780	403,986	5,212	Saudi Arabia DA	2NC Impact	Poverty	US economic collapse means reverting back to poverty and the death of millions	Michael T. Klare March 2009 (professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and the author of The Race for What’s Left and Blood and Oil, Will Our Economic Collapse Cause the Death of Millions Abroad?, http://www.alternet.org/story/132523/will_our_economic_collapse_cause_the_death_of_millions_abroad)	Michael T. Klare March 2009	88,492	26	2,189	1
6,720	3,860,866	128,516	2	null	null	US economic collapse means reverting back to poverty and the death of millions	Michael T. Klare March 2009 (professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and the author of The Race for What’s Left and Blood and Oil, Will Our Economic Collapse Cause the Death of Millions Abroad?, http://www.alternet.org/story/132523/will_our_economic_collapse_cause_the_death_of_millions_abroad)	Michael T. Klare March 2009	88,492	26	2,189	1
62	3,443,766	114,749	Case	null	1NC Generic Solvency	Single-payer doesn’t work – strains budgets, causes massive wait times, forces hospital foreclosure	Khazan 17 (OLGA KHAZAN – staff writer internally citing experts, “Are You Sure You Want Single Payer?” The Atlantic, August 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/are-you-sure-you-want-single-payer/537456/_)	Khazan 17 )	330,668	100	4,837	0
207	3,449,650	114,795	Case	null	null	Single-payer doesn’t work – strains budgets, causes massive wait times, forces hospital foreclosure	Khazan 17 (OLGA KHAZAN – staff writer internally citing experts, “Are You Sure You Want Single Payer?” The Atlantic, August 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/are-you-sure-you-want-single-payer/537456/_)	Khazan 17 )	330,668	100	4,837	0
315	3,441,449	114,851	Health	null	null	Single-payer doesn’t work – strains budgets, causes massive wait times, forces hospital foreclosure	Khazan 17 (OLGA KHAZAN – staff writer internally citing experts, “Are You Sure You Want Single Payer?” The Atlantic, August 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/are-you-sure-you-want-single-payer/537456/_)	Khazan 17 )	330,668	100	4,837	0
356	3,442,358	114,773	Case	Solvency	null	Single-payer doesn’t work – strains budgets, causes massive wait times, forces hospital foreclosure	Khazan 17 (OLGA KHAZAN – staff writer internally citing experts, “Are You Sure You Want Single Payer?” The Atlantic, August 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/are-you-sure-you-want-single-payer/537456/_)	Khazan 17 )	330,668	100	4,837	0
359	3,450,016	114,848	Health	null	null	Single-payer doesn’t work – strains budgets, causes massive wait times, forces hospital foreclosure	Khazan 17 (OLGA KHAZAN – staff writer internally citing experts, “Are You Sure You Want Single Payer?” The Atlantic, August 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/are-you-sure-you-want-single-payer/537456/_)	Khazan 17 )	330,668	100	4,837	0
5,906	3,196,353	103,641	null	1ac	4	Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race	Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb	Wan 18	1,351,700	7	1,396	1
2,390	3,203,435	103,623	null	1ac	4	Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race	Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb	Wan 18	1,351,700	7	1,396	1
1,319	3,199,590	103,495	null	1ac	3	Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race	Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb	Wan 18	1,351,700	7	1,396	1
1,320	3,200,288	103,524	null	1ac	4	Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race	Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb	Wan 18	1,351,700	7	1,396	1
1,321	3,204,500	103,620	null	1ac	4	Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race	Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb	Wan 18	1,351,700	7	1,396	1
2,850	3,197,909	103,499	null	India	Myanmar Prolif Impacts	Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race	Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb	Wan 18	1,351,700	7	1,396	1
8,046	3,470,402	115,520	2NC	Entitlements	value now – 2nc – boom	Comparatively, it solves costs better than single payer	Ken Perez 17, Vice President of Healthcare Policy for Omnicell, "Why the importance of value-based care will continue to soar," Health Data Management, https://www.healthdatamanagement.com/opinion/why-the-importance-of-value-based-care-will-continue-to-soar	Perez 17, Vice President of Healthcare Policy for Omnicell, "Why the importance of value-based care will continue to soar," Health Data Management, https://www.healthdatamanagement.com/opinion/why-the-importance-of-value-based-care-will-continue-to-soar	1,435,225	6	1,576	0
8,049	3,480,473	115,607	2NC	Costs Advantage	link	Comparatively, it solves costs better than single payer	Ken Perez 17, Vice President of Healthcare Policy for Omnicell, "Why the importance of value-based care will continue to soar," Health Data Management, https://www.healthdatamanagement.com/opinion/why-the-importance-of-value-based-care-will-continue-to-soar	Perez 17, Vice President of Healthcare Policy for Omnicell, "Why the importance of value-based care will continue to soar," Health Data Management, https://www.healthdatamanagement.com/opinion/why-the-importance-of-value-based-care-will-continue-to-soar	1,435,225	6	1,576	0
1,408	470,775	6,042	1ac	1ac	Relations Advantage	Growth solves war—strong studies	Royal 10 – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-214	Royal 10	26,749	947	4,441	1
4,136	3,748,015	124,763	2NC	Ethanol	2NC China Econ !	Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war	Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)	Tan 15	168,032	26	2,831	1
4,139	3,754,352	125,212	1nr	Warming	2NC ! OV (:20)	Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war	Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)	Tan 15	168,032	26	2,831	1
4,141	3,765,215	125,172	2nc	China	2NC ! OV (:20)	Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war	Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)	Tan 15	168,032	26	2,831	1
8,510	3,738,870	124,724	2NC	Rail	2NC China Econ !	Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war	Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)	Tan 15	168,032	26	2,831	1
8,512	3,749,879	124,658	2NC	China	2NC ! OV (:20)	Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war	Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)	Tan 15	168,032	26	2,831	1
8,513	3,765,878	125,230	2NC	chna	2NC ! OV (:20)	Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war	Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)	Tan 15	168,032	26	2,831	1
8,514	3,765,943	125,270	null	China	Solvency	Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war	Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)	Tan 15	168,032	26	2,831	1
8,938	395,733	5,149	Immigration Negative	DHS Impact	Risk High	The risk of a devastating cyber-attack is increasing – now is key to effective responses	IS, 3-6 - Infosecurity (“National Electric Grid Remains at Significant Risk for Cyber-attack,” 3/6/2014, http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/view/37321/national-electric-grid-remains-at-significant-risk-for-cyberattack/ ) DS	IS, 3-6 ) DS	251,979	1	1,695	1
1,270	853,133	20,391	2NC	Case	Solvency	Nuclear Iran will escalate—Their Prolif Turns are wrong	Warren 13 [December 19th, Roslyn, M.A. candidate in Georgetown University’s Security Studies Program, “Miscalculating Nuclear Deterrence in the Middle East: Why Kenneth Waltz Gets It Wrong,” http://georgetownsecuritystudiesreview.org/2013/12/19/miscalculating-nuclear-deterrence-in-the-middle-east-why-kenneth-waltz-gets-it-wrong/, Date Accessed: 7-20-15]	Warren 13	79,958	45	10,323	1
8,876	2,575,455	82,721	null	1AC	Contention One: Strategic Primacy—1AC	J—Russia and China will say yes	Boris Toucas, visiting fellow with the Europe Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies November 2017, Ballistic Missile Defense: Proceed With Caution, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2017-11/features/ballistic-missile-defense-proceed-caution, accessed 11/6/19	Toucas 17	69,433	98	2,407	0
9,392	2,576,472	82,739	1AC	null	Contention One: Strategic Primacy—1AC	J—Russia and China will say yes	Boris Toucas, visiting fellow with the Europe Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies November 2017, Ballistic Missile Defense: Proceed With Caution, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2017-11/features/ballistic-missile-defense-proceed-caution, accessed 11/6/19	Toucas 17	69,433	98	2,407	0
1,537	1,691,311	50,381	1AC Flexi Peens	null	Advantage 1	Causes energy wars between the US-China – draws everyone in.	CFR ‘21 – The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an independent, nonpartisan member organization, think tank, and publisher.	CFR ‘21 –	106,218	4	3,276	1
742	111,554	1,603	Taiwan Affirmative	China War Adv	1AC	US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear	Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.	Talmadge 18	560	1,747	2,518	1
8,128	1,629,438	48,717	1NC r1 ISU	OFF	OFF	US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear	Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.	Talmadge 18	560	1,747	2,518	1
8,129	1,629,445	48,716	null	1AC – Core	Advantage – Integrated Deterrence	US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear	Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.	Talmadge 18	560	1,747	2,518	1
8,150	1,630,061	48,757	1AC – OTH (ISU)	null	Advantage – Emerging Threats	US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear	Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.	Talmadge 18	560	1,747	2,518	1
8,454	2,425,548	78,664	null	null	null	US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear	Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.	Talmadge 18	560	1,747	2,519	1
567	1,629,871	48,745	null	1AC – Core	Advantage – Integrated Deterrence	US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear	Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.	Talmadge 18	560	1,747	719	1
1,444	2,425,531	78,663	null	null	null	US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear	Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.	Talmadge 18	560	1,747	2,519	1
1,972	1,628,497	48,656	null	OFFCASE	OFF	US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear	Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.	Talmadge 18	560	1,747	2,518	1
3,342	1,677,675	49,997	Round 2	1NC	Adv 2	7---No Russia war from economic or political crisis	Götz 16 Elias Götz is a postdoctoral researcher at the Uppsala Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Ph.D. from Aarhus University in Denmark, International Studies Review, 2016, “Putin, the State, and War: The Causes of Russia’s Near Abroad Assertion Revisited”, 0, 1–26	Götz 16	36,557	78	13,490	1
9,631	1,423,583	38,925	2AR	Voters	Econ – No Impact	5] on case, on the wages argument- there’s other problems than just wages that workers are demanding so solving wages isn’t enough – what about working conditions, etc	null	null	661,271	1	null	1
6,709	106,598	1,528	*Weaponitis Critique*	Impact	Impact – imperialism	The West justifies its actions pertaining to arms control and disarmament under an imperialistic paradigm that creates a divide between the West and those who are supposedly “inferior.”	Mathur Assistant professor of Department of Political Science and Geography at UTSA. ’14 [Ritu. 16 Oct 2014. Taylor & Francis Online. “’The West and the Rest’: A Civilizational Mantra in Arms Control and Disarmament?” http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2014.960164. accessed on 8 July 2019. CG.]	Mathur ’14	66,706	6	3,135	0
1,015	3,897,189	130,254	2NC	States CP	1NC---PTD ADV	The feds want states to act, not the other way around. Flips your deficits.	Steinberg, 2021	Steinberg, 2021	525,737	89	1,700	0
2,484	2,501	56	1AC	1AC – Disease	Advantage	US involvement in international science collaboration is key to innovation – the alternative is stagnant tech that fails to account for new challenges	Elizabeth E Lyons director of the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Tokyo Regional Office in Tokyo, Japan et al. 2016 “How Collaborating in International Science Helps America” Science & Diplomacy, Vol. 5, No. 2 (June 2016). http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2016/how-collaborating-in-international-science-helps-america IB [full list of authors and qualifications: Elizabeth E. Lyons is the director of the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Tokyo Regional Office in Tokyo,¶ Japan .¶ E. William Colglazier is the editor-in-chief of Science & Diplomacy.¶ Caroline S. Wagner holds the Ambassador Milton A. and Roslyn Z. Wolf Chair in International Affairs at¶ the John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University.¶ Katy Börner is the Victor H. Yngve Distinguished Professor of Information Science in the Department of¶ Information and Library Science, School of Informatics and Computing, and Founding Director of the¶ Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center at Indiana University and Visiting Professor at the Royal¶ Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), The Netherlands.¶ David M. Dooley is the President of the University of Rhode Island.¶ C. D. Mote, Jr. is the President of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering.¶ Mihail C. Roco is the founding chair of the U.S. National Science and Technology Council’s subcommittee¶ on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology and a Senior Advisor for Science and Engineering at¶ the U.S. National Science Foundation.]	Lyons et al. 2016	2,146	67	16,984	1
7,758	13,696	271	Alts:	FEM – link	AI – Dancy 21	The alternative is anti-hegemonic technology: a refusal of technical networks of oppression and efficiency in favor of grassroots praxis towards technology as a radical imaginary.	(Sucheta; Sucheta Ghoshal is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering at the University of Washington. Her research focuses on studying how grassroots social movements in the United States relate to information and communication technologies (ICTs); A Grassroots Praxis of Technology: View from The South) Sameer V	null	10,644	1	6,874	0
9,643	2,544,054	82,014	2NC	Dedev	1NC – Prolif	Water shortages – extinction.	Maude Barlow 10, National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. “Advice for Water Warriors,” Yes! Magazine, posted Nov 08, 2010, pg. http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/advice-for-water-warriors	Barlow 10	49,250	52	3,682	1
9,645	2,677,824	84,992	1AR	Stocks	2NC-Impact run	Water shortages – extinction.	Maude Barlow 10, National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. “Advice for Water Warriors,” Yes! Magazine, posted Nov 08, 2010, pg. http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/advice-for-water-warriors	Barlow 10	49,250	52	3,682	1
8,416	2,039,730	60,460	2NC	Econ Advantage	Cartels	Water shortages – extinction.	Maude Barlow 10, National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. “Advice for Water Warriors,” Yes! Magazine, posted Nov 08, 2010, pg. http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/advice-for-water-warriors	Barlow 10	49,250	52	3,682	1
5,737	1,855,719	54,482	2NC	Adv 2	2NC-Impact run	Water shortages – extinction.	Maude Barlow 10, National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. “Advice for Water Warriors,” Yes! Magazine, posted Nov 08, 2010, pg. http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/advice-for-water-warriors	Barlow 10	49,250	52	3,682	1
5,739	2,677,116	84,973	1AR	K	De-Dev	Water shortages – extinction.	Maude Barlow 10, National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. “Advice for Water Warriors,” Yes! Magazine, posted Nov 08, 2010, pg. http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/advice-for-water-warriors	Barlow 10	49,250	52	3,682	1
483	2,860,984	90,960	null	1	1NC	4] Outweighs nuclear war -- no nuke winter- science and history.	Kroenig, PhD, ’18 (Matthew, PoliSci@UCBerkeley, AssocProfGov’t&ForeignService@Gtown, SeniorFellowInt’lSecurity@AtlanticCouncil, The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy: Why Strategic Superiority Matters, Oxford University Press) BW	Kroenig, PhD, ’18 The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy: Why Strategic Superiority Matters	372,311	70	3,302	1
2,238	338,955	4,313	NEG	Ron Paul Scenario	Flat Tax: Econ KT Heg	Econ collapse causes global conflict - Current geo-political climate creates multiple scenarios	Duncan 12 Richard Duncan, former World Bank specialist and chief economist in Blackhorse Asset Management, in 2012 (Richard, chief economist at Singapore-based Blackhorse Asset Management, former financial sector specialist at the World Bank and global head of investment strategy at ABN AMRO Asset Management, studied literature and economics at Vanderbilt University (1983) and international finance at Babson College (1986), “The New Depression: The Breakdown of the Paper Money Economy”, http://www.amazon.com/The-New-Depression-Breakdown-ebook/dp/B007GZOYI6, 2/24/12)	Duncan 12	176,783	233	10,142	1
7,512	2,566,426	82,544	2NC v Wyoming LT	Crisis ADV	2NC---Link---DEWs	More money is key	Ellis 15 Dr. Jason Ellis is a Visiting Senior Fellow with the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), on leave from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He is the author, most recently, of the new CNAS report, Directed-Energy Weapons: Promise and Prospects. FOCUSING LIKE A LASER BEAM ON DIRECTED ENERGY JASON ELLISAPRIL 14, 2015 https://warontherocks.com/2015/04/focusing-like-a-laser-beam-on-directed-energy/	Ellis 15	1,127,362	1	541	0
669	971,060	23,505	2NC	PTX	A2: Next Gen Tech---1NC	Passage depends on Manchin---failure on infra makes it too late to solve warming and crushes international climate credibility	Greg Sargent 9-3 [WaPo, “Opinion: Joe Manchin’s new threat to destroy Biden’s agenda is worse than it seems,” https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/03/manchin-oped-threat-biden-reconciliation-bill/, hec]	Sargent 9-3	505,712	10	3,676	1
670	972,522	23,541	GMU AL Open Source NU RD 6	Off Case	1NC	Passage depends on Manchin---failure on infra makes it too late to solve warming and crushes international climate credibility	Greg Sargent 9-3 [WaPo, “Opinion: Joe Manchin’s new threat to destroy Biden’s agenda is worse than it seems,” https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/03/manchin-oped-threat-biden-reconciliation-bill/, hec]	Sargent 9-3	505,712	10	3,676	1
7,104	3,086,557	100,664	USC R8 Neg vs WSU LW	Congress	1nc—Squo Solves	Plenty of disclosure and accountability now	Zenko 17 -Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House [Micah, Aug 1, Foreign Policy, Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/01/donald-trump-is-pushing-americas-special-forces-past-the-breaking-point-jsoc-navy-seal/, accessed 9/30/18]	Zenko 17	383,024	10	806	0
7,105	3,109,179	101,536	1nc	congress adv	1nc internal link d	Plenty of disclosure and accountability now	Zenko 17 -Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House [Micah, Aug 1, Foreign Policy, Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/01/donald-trump-is-pushing-americas-special-forces-past-the-breaking-point-jsoc-navy-seal/, accessed 9/30/18]	Zenko 17	383,024	10	806	0
7,106	3,089,388	100,666	1nc	Congress	1nc---secrecy	Plenty of disclosure and accountability now	Zenko 17 -Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House [Micah, Aug 1, Foreign Policy, Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/01/donald-trump-is-pushing-americas-special-forces-past-the-breaking-point-jsoc-navy-seal/, accessed 9/30/18]	Zenko 17	383,024	10	806	0
7,107	3,106,103	101,451	null	1NC	Congressional Control	Plenty of disclosure and accountability now	Zenko 17 -Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House [Micah, Aug 1, Foreign Policy, Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/01/donald-trump-is-pushing-americas-special-forces-past-the-breaking-point-jsoc-navy-seal/, accessed 9/30/18]	Zenko 17 , accessed 9/30/18]	383,024	10	806	0
7,108	3,110,360	101,486	1nc	congress adv	1nc internal link d	Plenty of disclosure and accountability now	Zenko 17 -Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House [Micah, Aug 1, Foreign Policy, Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/01/donald-trump-is-pushing-americas-special-forces-past-the-breaking-point-jsoc-navy-seal/, accessed 9/30/18]	Zenko 17	383,024	10	806	0

5,306

3,385,979

112,999

1AC

Advantage

null

That blots out the Sun – extinction

Scheetz 6 [Lori, J.D. Candidate at Georgetown University Law Center, “Infusing Environmental Ethics into the Space Weapons Dialouge,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Fall, 19 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 57]

Scheetz 6

147,449

36

14,671

1

6,404

2,565,788

82,533

1AC

Debris

null

That blots out the Sun – extinction

Scheetz 6 [Lori, J.D. Candidate at Georgetown University Law Center, “Infusing Environmental Ethics into the Space Weapons Dialouge,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Fall, 19 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 57]

Scheetz 6

147,449

36

14,671

1

6,427

2,567,439

82,570

1AC

Debris

null

That blots out the Sun – extinction

Scheetz 6 [Lori, J.D. Candidate at Georgetown University Law Center, “Infusing Environmental Ethics into the Space Weapons Dialouge,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Fall, 19 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 57]

Scheetz 6

147,449

36

14,671

1

1,284

2,567,410

82,568

1AC

Debris

null

That blots out the Sun – extinction

Scheetz 6 [Lori, J.D. Candidate at Georgetown University Law Center, “Infusing Environmental Ethics into the Space Weapons Dialouge,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Fall, 19 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 57]

Scheetz 6

147,449

36

14,671

1

3,654

1,929,508

56,989

1NC

1NC – OFF

1NC – DA – Secret Service

extinction from bioterror.

Millett and Snyder-Beattie, 17 [Piers Millett has a Ph.D. and is Senior Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, Andrew Snyder-Beattie has a M.S. and is Director of Research at the Future of Humanity Institute at the University of Oxford, 8-1-2017, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed]

Millett and Snyder-Beattie, 17

2,127

1,722

8,518

1

7,567

2,748,060

87,132

2nc

Fill-In

null

China fills in small arms

SIPRI ’13 (SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/PP/SIPRIPP38.pdf) //A.F

SIPRI ’13

67,653

4

2,389

0

7,568

98,000

1,423

China Fill-In DA

LINKS

L – Small Arms

China fills in small arms

SIPRI ’13 (SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/PP/SIPRIPP38.pdf) //A.F

SIPRI ’13

67,653

4

2,389

0

3,168

97,967

1,410

***SMALL ARMS NEG***

CHINA FILL-IN DA

Links / TO Solvency

China fills in small arms

SIPRI ’13 (SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/PP/SIPRIPP38.pdf) //A.F

SIPRI ’13

67,653

4

2,389

0

8,673

2,743,613

87,047

2nc

Fill-In

null

China fills in small arms

SIPRI ’13 (SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/files/PP/SIPRIPP38.pdf) //A.F

SIPRI ’13

67,653

4

2,389

0

4,536

1,405,655

37,805

null

2ac – Midterms – Repubs Good

The plan doesn’t change the election

Nate Silver 14, Elections expert, 6/4, “The Political Media Still Fall for the Hot-Hand Fallacy”, FiveThirtyEight, http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/the-political-media-still-falls-for-the-hot-hand-fallacy/

Silver 14,

622,515

6

142

0

8,474

1,601,338

46,627

null

Their appeal to unions is merely a tool of capitalism and uphold capitalist and neoliberal ideology

Eidlin, Barry. “Why Unions Are Good — but Not Good Enough.” Jacobinmag.com, 6 Jan. 2020, www.jacobinmag.com/2020/01/marxism-trade-unions-socialism-revolutionary-organizing.

Eidlin 2020, www.jacobinmag.com/2020/01/marxism-trade-unions-socialism-revolutionary-organizing.

41,695

84

929

0

762

797,098

18,656

1NC

null

Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade

Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america

Colby 14

32,227

194

1,809

1

786

798,903

18,695

Off

null

1NC

Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade

Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america

Colby 14

32,227

194

1,809

1

9,029

811,530

19,115

null

1NC CP

Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade

Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america

Colby 14

32,227

194

1,809

1

9,063

811,854

19,124

null

3

Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade

Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america

Colby 14

32,227

194

1,809

1

9,097

741,720

17,061

null

1NC

Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade

Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america

Colby 14

32,227

194

1,809

1

9,120

797,172

18,652

null

1NC

1NC CP

Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade

Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america

Colby 14

32,227

194

1,809

1

7,495

743,871

17,113

null

1

Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade

Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america

Colby 14

32,227

194

1,809

1

7,504

811,733

19,121

null

1NC CP

Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade

Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america

Colby 14

32,227

194

1,809

1

5,243

1,367,748

35,867

1NC

null

1NC

Competitiveness key to heg and preventing great power war---also turns trade

Elbridge Colby 14, the Robert M. Gates fellow at the Center for a New American Security; and Paul Lettow, was senior director for strategic planning on the U.S. National Security Council staff from 2007 to 2009, 7/3/14, “Have We Hit Peak America?,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/07/03/have_we_hit_peak_america

Colby 14

32,227

194

1,809

1

1,140

708,353

15,535

Lauren Round 5 NC

1

null

Merriam-Webster defines prohibit:

Merriam Webster’s Learner Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prohibitJN

null

51,689

1,007

15,696

1

2,412

2,616,453

83,172

Case

India DA

AT: plan doesn’t exclude india

Excluding India undermines their space leadership---the CP results in the same outcome as the plan but builds in multilateral participation

Dr. Rajeswari Rajagopalan 12, senior fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, Spring 2012, “The Space Code of Conduct Debate: A View from Delhi,” Strategic Studies Quarterly, p. 137-148

Rajagopalan 12

1,106,451

44

3,515

0

5,549

1,361,168

35,540

1NC

Solvency – Market-Based Sales

Exploitation

Altruistic donations are key—market based solutions don’t solve supply and make things worse

Ishika Arora [contributing writer for Prospect Journal—international affairs journal at the University of California, San Diego] “THE HUMAN MEAT MARKET: AN ANALYSIS ON THE LEGALIZATION OF THE ORGAN TRADE”, March 14, 2012 http://prospectjournal.org/2012/03/14/the-human-meat-market-an-analysis-on-the-legalization-of-the-organ-trade/

Arora 2012

634,651

22

815

1

9,831

3,320,214

109,505

null

Off

1NC Iran DA

Gives Iran control over a quarter of oil supplies – causes massive oil shocks and decks the economy.

Mohammed Khalid 18 [Saudi Arabian political analyst, commentator and senior fellow @ Gulf Research Center, previously nonresident fellow @ Atlantic Council], "What’s at stake in Yemen affects us all," TheHill, 12-10-2018 https://thehill.com/opinion/international/420375-whats-at-stake-in-yemen-affects-us-all

Khalid 18

72,272

36

2,075

1

3,841

3,882,724

129,670

Greenhill R6 NC v Buchholz VB

Framing

null

[1] Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses.

Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, “Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies”, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S.

Blum et al. 18

41,540

1,513

19,129

1

5,378

3,882,451

129,655

UK R3 NC v Iowa City West FZ

Util:

null

[1] Pleasure and pain are intrinsic value and disvalue – everything else regresses.

Blum et al. 18 Kenneth Blum, 1Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton VA Medical Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA 2Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 4Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA 5Department of Precision Medicine, Geneus Health LLC, San Antonio, TX, USA 6Department of Addiction Research & Therapy, Nupathways Inc., Innsbrook, MO, USA 7Department of Clinical Neurology, Path Foundation, New York, NY, USA 8Division of Neuroscience-Based Addiction Therapy, The Shores Treatment & Recovery Center, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA 9Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 10Division of Addiction Research, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC. North Kingston, RI, USA 11Victory Nutrition International, Lederach, PA., USA 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA, Marjorie Gondré-Lewis, 12National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC., USA 13Departments of Anatomy and Psychiatry, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC US, Bruce Steinberg, 4Division of Applied Clinical Research & Education, Dominion Diagnostics, LLC, North Kingstown, RI, USA, Igor Elman, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, David Baron, 3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Edward J Modestino, 14Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, 15Department Psychiatry, Cooper University School of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA, Mark S Gold 16Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, “Our evolved unique pleasure circuit makes humans different from apes: Reconsideration of data derived from animal studies”, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 28 February 2018, accessed: 19 August 2020, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6446569/, R.S.

Blum et al. 18

41,540

1,513

19,129

1

7,279

44,698

787

Adv 1: Agricultural Runoff Extensions

Nutrients

Nutrients Impact: Drinking Water

Nitrate runoff correlates with increased rates of cancer – best studies prove.

Temkin, PhD & Evans Environmental Working Group science analyst, ’19 [Alexis Temkin, PhD and Toxicologist, EWG and Sydney Evans, Science Analyst, EWG, “Nitrate in U.S. Tap Water May Cause More than 12,500 Cancers a Year: EWG’s Peer-Reviewed Study Estimates Cases in Each State,” Environmental Working Group, 6—19, p. 3-5]

Temkin, PhD & Evans Environmental Working Group science analyst, ’19

31,010

1

4,018

1

8,948

137,512

1,865

Neg

Terrorism Defense

AT: Nuclear Terror

Nuclear terrorism won’t happen

Mueller 18 (John Mueller is a senior fellow at the Cato Institute. He is also a member of the political science department and senior research scientist with the Mershon Center for International Security Studies at Ohio State University. A leading expert on terrorism and particularly on the reactions (or over-reactions) it often inspires, he is the co-author (with Mark G. Stewart) of Chasing Ghosts: The Policing of Terrorism, published by Oxford University Press in 2016. Their Terror, Security and Money: Balancing the Risks, Benefits, and Costs of Homeland Security was published in 2011 by Oxford. Other books from Mueller include Overblown: How Politicians and the Terrorism Industry Inflate National Security Threats and Why We Believe Them (Free Press, 2006) and Atomic Obsession: Nuclear Alarmism from Hiroshima to Al-Qaeda (Oxford, 2010). He is also the editor of Terrorism Since 9/11: The American Cases (Mershon Center, Ohio State, 2015) and (with Christopher A. Preble) A Dangerous World? Threat Perception and U.S. National Security (Cato, 2014). Mueller is also the author of a multiple-prize-winning book analyzing public opinion during the Korean and Vietnam Wars, War, Presidents and Public Opinion, and of Retreat from Doomsday: The Obsolescence of Major War, which deals with changing attitudes toward war. Mueller’s book about international and civil wars, The Remnants of War (Cornell University Press, 2004) was awarded the Lepgold Prize for the best book on international relations in 2004. Mueller has published scores of articles in such journals as International Security, American Political Science Review, American Interest, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Security Studies, Orbis, American Journal of Political Science, Risk Analysis, National Interest, and Foreign Affairs, as well as a great many opinion pieces. He has been a visiting fellow at the Brookings Institution, the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and the Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, has been a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow, and has received grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities. He has also received several teaching prizes.; “Nuclear Weapons Don’t Matter”; https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2018-10-15/nuclear-weapons-dont-matter; written November/December 2018; accessed 7/28/19)

Mueller 18

3,456

650

5,517

1

1,509

101,621

1,461

null

1NC – Frontlines – LO

2nc - Alt Solvency

7. Removing all the arms sales reproduces the impacts they critique

A. Trevor Thrall and Caroline Dorminey, 3-13-2018, "Risky Business: The Role of Arms Sales in U.S. Foreign Policy," Cato Institute, https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/risky-business-role-arms-sales-us-foreign-policy

Thrall and Dorminey 18

69,764

41

3,528

0

2,839

434,510

5,573

null

Misc

Cohen Terminal Impact

U.S.’s showings of weakness will cause instability throughout the world and allow other countries to take U.S. hegemony.

Cohen ‘13 ( Eliot Cohen of the Wall Street Journal, and director of Strategic Studies at Johns Hopkins, “Eliot Cohen: American Withdrawal and Global Disorder”)

Cohen ‘13

48,428

257

4,761

1

7,920

2,906,852

93,651

Aff – Appleton East Octos

1ac

Method

Abstract ethics don’t produce political results besides violence – embracing the hard work of pragmatic reform is key.

Condit 15 [Celeste, Distinguished Research Professor of Communication Studies at the University of Georgia, “Multi-Layered Trajectories for Academic Contributions to Social Change,” Feb 4, 2015, Quarterly Journal of Speech, Volume 101, Issue 1, 2015]

Condit 15

14,604

692

2,994

0

8,875

1,195,952

29,337

null

1AC

1AC — Ecocide Advantage

Reject “human first” and “human only” impact frameworks — they rely on a violent speciesism that underlies all systems of oppression and justifies total annihilation.

Best 7 — Steven Best, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas-El Paso, Co-Founder of the Institute for Critical Animal Studies, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Texas-Austin, 2007 (“The Killing Fields of South Africa: Eco-Wars, Species Apartheid, and Total Liberation,” Fast Capitalism, Volume 2, Issue 2, Available Online at https://fastcapitalism.uta.edu/2_2/best.html, Accessed 07-14-2021)

null

35,483

31

21,783

1

6,352

1,215,016

29,905

1AC

Framing

Scenario 2: Human Health

Reject “human first” and “human only” impact frameworks — they rely on a violent speciesism that underlies all systems of oppression and justifies total annihilation.

Best 7 — Steven Best, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas-El Paso, Co-Founder of the Institute for Critical Animal Studies, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Texas-Austin, 2007 (“The Killing Fields of South Africa: Eco-Wars, Species Apartheid, and Total Liberation,” Fast Capitalism, Volume 2, Issue 2, Available Online at https://fastcapitalism.uta.edu/2_2/best.html, Accessed 07-14-2021)

Best 7

35,483

31

21,749

1

4,527

61,670

1,007

Lower Snake River Dams Affirmative — SDI 2021

1AC

1AC — Ecocide Advantage

Reject “human first” and “human only” impact frameworks — they rely on a violent speciesism that underlies all systems of oppression and justifies total annihilation.

Best 7 — Steven Best, Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas-El Paso, Co-Founder of the Institute for Critical Animal Studies, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Texas-Austin, 2007 (“The Killing Fields of South Africa: Eco-Wars, Species Apartheid, and Total Liberation,” Fast Capitalism, Volume 2, Issue 2, Available Online at https://fastcapitalism.uta.edu/2_2/best.html, Accessed 07-14-2021)

Best 7

35,483

31

21,749

1

7,545

3,548,010

117,249

1NC

Coverage

null

A catastrophic pandemic can’t happen

Sebastian FARQUHAR ET AL. 17. *Project Manager at FHI responsible for external relations, M.A in Physics and Philosophy, Oxford. **John Halstead, Global Priorities Project. ***Owen Cotton-Barratt, Research Associate in the FHI at Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at St. Hugh’s College. ****Stefan Schubert, PhD in philosophy, Researcher at the Centre for Effective Altruism. *****Haydn Belfield, Academic Project Manager, Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, Cambridge. ******Andrew Snyder-Beattie, Director of Research at FHI. “Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance.” Future of Humanity Institute. Oxford, Global Priorities Project. https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf.

FARQUHAR ET AL. 17

2,356

1,808

1,121

1

1,322

775,683

18,085

1NC

null

MSD

No Asia war escalation

Wu, China Foundation for International Studies Center for American Studies executive director, 2013 (Zurong, “China and America’s Innate Goal: Avoiding War Forever”, 7-30, http://watchingamerica.com/News/217271/china-and-americas-innate-goal-avoiding-war-forever/, ldg)

Wu, China Foundation for International Studies Center for American Studies executive director, 2013

164,224

52

4,062

1

69

3,049,771

99,841

2AC

Offcase

AT: Trump 2020

Aff is way too low-profile to impact the election

Graham and Tomero 2k (Ambassador Thomas Graham, Jr., President of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), served as President Clinton's Special Representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament, and led the US Delegation to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference; Leonor Tomero, the LAWS Program Director for Western Europe and Latin America, August 2000. “"Obligations For Us All": NATO & Negative Security Assurances.” The Acronym Institute. http://www.acronym.org.uk/old/archive/49nato.htm)

Graham and Tomero 2k

809,855

95

3,318

0

4,486

3,066,265

100,019

Speech 2ac Round 3 NDT vs Trinity GG

2ac 2020 DA

2ac – Plan not Key

Aff is way too low-profile to impact the election

Graham and Tomero 2k (Ambassador Thomas Graham, Jr., President of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), served as President Clinton's Special Representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament, and led the US Delegation to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference; Leonor Tomero, the LAWS Program Director for Western Europe and Latin America, August 2000. “"Obligations For Us All": NATO & Negative Security Assurances.” The Acronym Institute. http://www.acronym.org.uk/old/archive/49nato.htm)

Graham and Tomero 2k

809,855

95

3,318

0

4,533

3,051,911

99,817

2AC

Offcase

AT: 2020 DA

Aff is way too low-profile to impact the election

Graham and Tomero 2k (Ambassador Thomas Graham, Jr., President of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), served as President Clinton's Special Representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament, and led the US Delegation to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference; Leonor Tomero, the LAWS Program Director for Western Europe and Latin America, August 2000. “"Obligations For Us All": NATO & Negative Security Assurances.” The Acronym Institute. http://www.acronym.org.uk/old/archive/49nato.htm)

Graham and Tomero 2k

809,855

95

3,318

0

6,158

3,059,787

99,895

2AC

Offcase

AT: Trump 2020

Aff is way too low-profile to impact the election

Graham and Tomero 2k (Ambassador Thomas Graham, Jr., President of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), served as President Clinton's Special Representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament, and led the US Delegation to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference; Leonor Tomero, the LAWS Program Director for Western Europe and Latin America, August 2000. “"Obligations For Us All": NATO & Negative Security Assurances.” The Acronym Institute. http://www.acronym.org.uk/old/archive/49nato.htm)

Graham and Tomero 2k

809,855

95

3,318

0

6,175

3,063,271

99,973

Speech 2ac Round 3 ADA vs NU JW

2ac DA – 2020

2ac – Plan not Key

Aff is way too low-profile to impact the election

Graham and Tomero 2k (Ambassador Thomas Graham, Jr., President of the Lawyers Alliance for World Security (LAWS), served as President Clinton's Special Representative for Arms Control, Non-Proliferation, and Disarmament, and led the US Delegation to the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference; Leonor Tomero, the LAWS Program Director for Western Europe and Latin America, August 2000. “"Obligations For Us All": NATO & Negative Security Assurances.” The Acronym Institute. http://www.acronym.org.uk/old/archive/49nato.htm)

Graham and Tomero 2k

809,855

95

3,318

0

3,514

2,093,875

62,526

null

Case

C2

Warming is NU -- it’s decreasing as emissions rise

John C. Fyfe et al. March 2016 (Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Victoria) “Making sense of the early-2000s warming slowdown” (Gerald A. Meehl, Matthew H. England, Michael E. Mann, Benjamin D. Santer, Gregory M. Flato, Ed Hawkins, Nathan P. Gillett, Shang-Ping Xie, Yu Kosaka and Neil C. Swart) www.nature.com/natureclimatechange

Fyfe et al 2016

156,441

84

3,205

1

6,001

3,576,771

118,558

1NC v Cabot BS

Case

Education

Results in thousands of deaths

Spittel et al. 15 — Michael L. Spittel, Health Scientist Administrator at the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health, Member of the Population Association of America and the Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science, former Program Officer at the Demographic and Behavior Sciences Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, et al., with William T. Riley, Director of the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health, Professorial Lecturer in the School of Public Health at George Washington University, former Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior at the Medical College of Georgia, former Associate Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University, holds a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Florida State University, and Robert M. Kaplan, Chief Science Officer at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Professor Emeritus of Health Policy and Management at the Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California-Los Angeles, former Associate Director for Behavioral and Social Sciences at the National Institutes of Health, holds a Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of California-Riverside, 2015 (“Educational attainment and life expectancy: A perspective from the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research,” Social Science & Medicine—a peer-reviewed academic journal, Volume 127, February, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via ScienceDirect)

Spittel et al. 15

1,483,882

8

9,324

1

2,780

403,986

5,212

Saudi Arabia DA

2NC Impact

Poverty

US economic collapse means reverting back to poverty and the death of millions

Michael T. Klare March 2009 (professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and the author of The Race for What’s Left and Blood and Oil, Will Our Economic Collapse Cause the Death of Millions Abroad?, http://www.alternet.org/story/132523/will_our_economic_collapse_cause_the_death_of_millions_abroad)

Michael T. Klare March 2009

88,492

26

2,189

1

6,720

3,860,866

128,516

2

null

US economic collapse means reverting back to poverty and the death of millions

Michael T. Klare March 2009 (professor of peace and world security studies at Hampshire College and the author of The Race for What’s Left and Blood and Oil, Will Our Economic Collapse Cause the Death of Millions Abroad?, http://www.alternet.org/story/132523/will_our_economic_collapse_cause_the_death_of_millions_abroad)

Michael T. Klare March 2009

88,492

26

2,189

1

62

3,443,766

114,749

Case

null

1NC Generic Solvency

Single-payer doesn’t work – strains budgets, causes massive wait times, forces hospital foreclosure

Khazan 17 (OLGA KHAZAN – staff writer internally citing experts, “Are You Sure You Want Single Payer?” The Atlantic, August 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/are-you-sure-you-want-single-payer/537456/_)

Khazan 17 )

330,668

100

4,837

0

207

3,449,650

114,795

Case

null

Single-payer doesn’t work – strains budgets, causes massive wait times, forces hospital foreclosure

Khazan 17 (OLGA KHAZAN – staff writer internally citing experts, “Are You Sure You Want Single Payer?” The Atlantic, August 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/are-you-sure-you-want-single-payer/537456/_)

Khazan 17 )

330,668

100

4,837

0

315

3,441,449

114,851

Health

null

Single-payer doesn’t work – strains budgets, causes massive wait times, forces hospital foreclosure

Khazan 17 (OLGA KHAZAN – staff writer internally citing experts, “Are You Sure You Want Single Payer?” The Atlantic, August 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/are-you-sure-you-want-single-payer/537456/_)

Khazan 17 )

330,668

100

4,837

0

356

3,442,358

114,773

Case

Solvency

null

Single-payer doesn’t work – strains budgets, causes massive wait times, forces hospital foreclosure

Khazan 17 (OLGA KHAZAN – staff writer internally citing experts, “Are You Sure You Want Single Payer?” The Atlantic, August 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/are-you-sure-you-want-single-payer/537456/_)

Khazan 17 )

330,668

100

4,837

0

359

3,450,016

114,848

Health

null

Single-payer doesn’t work – strains budgets, causes massive wait times, forces hospital foreclosure

Khazan 17 (OLGA KHAZAN – staff writer internally citing experts, “Are You Sure You Want Single Payer?” The Atlantic, August 21, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/are-you-sure-you-want-single-payer/537456/_)

Khazan 17 )

330,668

100

4,837

0

5,906

3,196,353

103,641

null

1ac

4

Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race

Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb

Wan 18

1,351,700

7

1,396

1

2,390

3,203,435

103,623

null

1ac

4

Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race

Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb

Wan 18

1,351,700

7

1,396

1

1,319

3,199,590

103,495

null

1ac

3

Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race

Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb

Wan 18

1,351,700

7

1,396

1

1,320

3,200,288

103,524

null

1ac

4

Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race

Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb

Wan 18

1,351,700

7

1,396

1

1,321

3,204,500

103,620

null

1ac

4

Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race

Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb

Wan 18

1,351,700

7

1,396

1

2,850

3,197,909

103,499

null

India

Myanmar Prolif Impacts

Myanmar has the means to go nuclear---it sparks an Asian arms race

Wan 18—Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research and is currently focusing on nuclear risk reduction options [Wilfred, 2018, Regional Pathways to Nuclear Nonproliferation, Chapter 6: Southeast Asia, Google Books] AMarb

Wan 18

1,351,700

7

1,396

1

8,046

3,470,402

115,520

2NC

Entitlements

value now – 2nc – boom

Comparatively, it solves costs better than single payer

Ken Perez 17, Vice President of Healthcare Policy for Omnicell, "Why the importance of value-based care will continue to soar," Health Data Management, https://www.healthdatamanagement.com/opinion/why-the-importance-of-value-based-care-will-continue-to-soar

Perez 17, Vice President of Healthcare Policy for Omnicell, "Why the importance of value-based care will continue to soar," Health Data Management, https://www.healthdatamanagement.com/opinion/why-the-importance-of-value-based-care-will-continue-to-soar

1,435,225

6

1,576

0

8,049

3,480,473

115,607

2NC

Costs Advantage

link

Comparatively, it solves costs better than single payer

Ken Perez 17, Vice President of Healthcare Policy for Omnicell, "Why the importance of value-based care will continue to soar," Health Data Management, https://www.healthdatamanagement.com/opinion/why-the-importance-of-value-based-care-will-continue-to-soar

Perez 17, Vice President of Healthcare Policy for Omnicell, "Why the importance of value-based care will continue to soar," Health Data Management, https://www.healthdatamanagement.com/opinion/why-the-importance-of-value-based-care-will-continue-to-soar

1,435,225

6

1,576

0

1,408

470,775

6,042

1ac

Relations Advantage

Growth solves war—strong studies

Royal 10 – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-214

Royal 10

26,749

947

4,441

1

4,136

3,748,015

124,763

2NC

Ethanol

2NC China Econ !

Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war

Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)

Tan 15

168,032

26

2,831

1

4,139

3,754,352

125,212

1nr

Warming

2NC ! OV (:20)

Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war

Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)

Tan 15

168,032

26

2,831

1

4,141

3,765,215

125,172

2nc

China

2NC ! OV (:20)

Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war

Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)

Tan 15

168,032

26

2,831

1

8,510

3,738,870

124,724

2NC

Rail

2NC China Econ !

Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war

Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)

Tan 15

168,032

26

2,831

1

8,512

3,749,879

124,658

2NC

China

2NC ! OV (:20)

Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war

Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)

Tan 15

168,032

26

2,831

1

8,513

3,765,878

125,230

2NC

chna

2NC ! OV (:20)

Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war

Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)

Tan 15

168,032

26

2,831

1

8,514

3,765,943

125,270

null

China

Solvency

Fast collapse of China’s economy outweighs and turns the case --- internal pressure overrides all checks on escalation – causes lash out in regional hotspots like Taiwan, South China Seas, Japan and draws-in the United States – nuclear war

Tan 15, Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences – University of New South Wales (Andrew T.H., “The prospects for conflict in East Asia”, Security and Conflict in East Asia, Routledge International Handbooks)

Tan 15

168,032

26

2,831

1

8,938

395,733

5,149

Immigration Negative

DHS Impact

Risk High

The risk of a devastating cyber-attack is increasing – now is key to effective responses

IS, 3-6 - Infosecurity (“National Electric Grid Remains at Significant Risk for Cyber-attack,” 3/6/2014, http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/view/37321/national-electric-grid-remains-at-significant-risk-for-cyberattack/ ) DS

IS, 3-6 ) DS

251,979

1

1,695

1

1,270

853,133

20,391

2NC

Case

Solvency

Nuclear Iran will escalate—Their Prolif Turns are wrong

Warren 13 [December 19th, Roslyn, M.A. candidate in Georgetown University’s Security Studies Program, “Miscalculating Nuclear Deterrence in the Middle East: Why Kenneth Waltz Gets It Wrong,” http://georgetownsecuritystudiesreview.org/2013/12/19/miscalculating-nuclear-deterrence-in-the-middle-east-why-kenneth-waltz-gets-it-wrong/, Date Accessed: 7-20-15]

Warren 13

79,958

45

10,323

1

8,876

2,575,455

82,721

null

1AC

Contention One: Strategic Primacy—1AC

J—Russia and China will say yes

Boris Toucas, visiting fellow with the Europe Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies November 2017, Ballistic Missile Defense: Proceed With Caution, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2017-11/features/ballistic-missile-defense-proceed-caution, accessed 11/6/19

Toucas 17

69,433

98

2,407

0

9,392

2,576,472

82,739

1AC

null

Contention One: Strategic Primacy—1AC

J—Russia and China will say yes

Boris Toucas, visiting fellow with the Europe Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies November 2017, Ballistic Missile Defense: Proceed With Caution, https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2017-11/features/ballistic-missile-defense-proceed-caution, accessed 11/6/19

Toucas 17

69,433

98

2,407

0

1,537

1,691,311

50,381

1AC Flexi Peens

null

Advantage 1

Causes energy wars between the US-China – draws everyone in.

CFR ‘21 – The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an independent, nonpartisan member organization, think tank, and publisher.

CFR ‘21 –

106,218

4

3,276

1

742

111,554

1,603

Taiwan Affirmative

China War Adv

1AC

US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear

Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.

Talmadge 18

560

1,747

2,518

1

8,128

1,629,438

48,717

1NC r1 ISU

OFF

US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear

Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.

Talmadge 18

560

1,747

2,518

1

8,129

1,629,445

48,716

null

1AC – Core

Advantage – Integrated Deterrence

US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear

Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.

Talmadge 18

560

1,747

2,518

1

8,150

1,630,061

48,757

1AC – OTH (ISU)

null

Advantage – Emerging Threats

US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear

Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.

Talmadge 18

560

1,747

2,518

1

8,454

2,425,548

78,664

null

US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear

Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.

Talmadge 18

560

1,747

2,519

1

567

1,629,871

48,745

null

1AC – Core

Advantage – Integrated Deterrence

US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear

Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.

Talmadge 18

560

1,747

719

1

1,444

2,425,531

78,663

null

US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear

Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.

Talmadge 18

560

1,747

2,519

1

1,972

1,628,497

48,656

null

OFFCASE

OFF

US-China conflict over Taiwan goes nuclear

Talmadge 18 Caitlin Talmadge is Associate Professor of Security Studies at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. “Beijing’s Nuclear Option - Why a U.S.-Chinese War Could Spiral Out of Control.” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-10-15/beijings-nuclear-option. Date Accessed: 12/16/2018. BZ.

Talmadge 18

560

1,747

2,518

1

3,342

1,677,675

49,997

Round 2

1NC

Adv 2

7---No Russia war from economic or political crisis

Götz 16 Elias Götz is a postdoctoral researcher at the Uppsala Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Ph.D. from Aarhus University in Denmark, International Studies Review, 2016, “Putin, the State, and War: The Causes of Russia’s Near Abroad Assertion Revisited”, 0, 1–26

Götz 16

36,557

78

13,490

1

9,631

1,423,583

38,925

2AR

Voters

Econ – No Impact

5] on case, on the wages argument- there’s other problems than just wages that workers are demanding so solving wages isn’t enough – what about working conditions, etc

null

661,271

1

null

1

6,709

106,598

1,528

***Weaponitis Critique***

Impact

Impact – imperialism

The West justifies its actions pertaining to arms control and disarmament under an imperialistic paradigm that creates a divide between the West and those who are supposedly “inferior.”

Mathur Assistant professor of Department of Political Science and Geography at UTSA. ’14 [Ritu. 16 Oct 2014. Taylor & Francis Online. “’The West and the Rest’: A Civilizational Mantra in Arms Control and Disarmament?” http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2014.960164. accessed on 8 July 2019. CG.]

Mathur ’14

66,706

6

3,135

0

1,015

3,897,189

130,254

2NC

States CP

1NC---PTD ADV

The feds want states to act, not the other way around. Flips your deficits.

Steinberg, 2021

525,737

89

1,700

0

2,484

2,501

56

1AC

1AC – Disease

Advantage

US involvement in international science collaboration is key to innovation – the alternative is stagnant tech that fails to account for new challenges

Elizabeth E Lyons director of the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Tokyo Regional Office in Tokyo, Japan et al. 2016 “How Collaborating in International Science Helps America” Science & Diplomacy, Vol. 5, No. 2 (June 2016). http://www.sciencediplomacy.org/article/2016/how-collaborating-in-international-science-helps-america IB [full list of authors and qualifications: Elizabeth E. Lyons is the director of the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Tokyo Regional Office in Tokyo,¶ Japan .¶ E. William Colglazier is the editor-in-chief of Science & Diplomacy.¶ Caroline S. Wagner holds the Ambassador Milton A. and Roslyn Z. Wolf Chair in International Affairs at¶ the John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University.¶ Katy Börner is the Victor H. Yngve Distinguished Professor of Information Science in the Department of¶ Information and Library Science, School of Informatics and Computing, and Founding Director of the¶ Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Center at Indiana University and Visiting Professor at the Royal¶ Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), The Netherlands.¶ David M. Dooley is the President of the University of Rhode Island.¶ C. D. Mote, Jr. is the President of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering.¶ Mihail C. Roco is the founding chair of the U.S. National Science and Technology Council’s subcommittee¶ on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology and a Senior Advisor for Science and Engineering at¶ the U.S. National Science Foundation.]

Lyons et al. 2016

2,146

67

16,984

1

7,758

13,696

271

Alts:

FEM – link

AI – Dancy 21

The alternative is anti-hegemonic technology: a refusal of technical networks of oppression and efficiency in favor of grassroots praxis towards technology as a radical imaginary.

(Sucheta; Sucheta Ghoshal is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering at the University of Washington. Her research focuses on studying how grassroots social movements in the United States relate to information and communication technologies (ICTs); A Grassroots Praxis of Technology: View from The South) Sameer V

null

10,644

1

6,874

0

9,643

2,544,054

82,014

2NC

Dedev

1NC – Prolif

Water shortages – extinction.

Maude Barlow 10, National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. “Advice for Water Warriors,” Yes! Magazine, posted Nov 08, 2010, pg. http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/advice-for-water-warriors

Barlow 10

49,250

52

3,682

1

9,645

2,677,824

84,992

1AR

Stocks

2NC-Impact run

Water shortages – extinction.

Maude Barlow 10, National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. “Advice for Water Warriors,” Yes! Magazine, posted Nov 08, 2010, pg. http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/advice-for-water-warriors

Barlow 10

49,250

52

3,682

1

8,416

2,039,730

60,460

2NC

Econ Advantage

Cartels

Water shortages – extinction.

Maude Barlow 10, National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. “Advice for Water Warriors,” Yes! Magazine, posted Nov 08, 2010, pg. http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/advice-for-water-warriors

Barlow 10

49,250

52

3,682

1

5,737

1,855,719

54,482

2NC

Adv 2

2NC-Impact run

Water shortages – extinction.

Maude Barlow 10, National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. “Advice for Water Warriors,” Yes! Magazine, posted Nov 08, 2010, pg. http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/advice-for-water-warriors

Barlow 10

49,250

52

3,682

1

5,739

2,677,116

84,973

1AR

K

De-Dev

Water shortages – extinction.

Maude Barlow 10, National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. “Advice for Water Warriors,” Yes! Magazine, posted Nov 08, 2010, pg. http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/advice-for-water-warriors

Barlow 10

49,250

52

3,682

1

483

2,860,984

90,960

null

1

1NC

4] Outweighs nuclear war -- no nuke winter- science and history.

Kroenig, PhD, ’18 (Matthew, PoliSci@UCBerkeley, AssocProfGov’t&ForeignService@Gtown, SeniorFellowInt’lSecurity@AtlanticCouncil, The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy: Why Strategic Superiority Matters, Oxford University Press) BW

Kroenig, PhD, ’18 The Logic of American Nuclear Strategy: Why Strategic Superiority Matters

372,311

70

3,302

1

2,238

338,955

4,313

NEG

Ron Paul Scenario

Flat Tax: Econ KT Heg

Econ collapse causes global conflict - Current geo-political climate creates multiple scenarios

Duncan 12 Richard Duncan, former World Bank specialist and chief economist in Blackhorse Asset Management, in 2012 (Richard, chief economist at Singapore-based Blackhorse Asset Management, former financial sector specialist at the World Bank and global head of investment strategy at ABN AMRO Asset Management, studied literature and economics at Vanderbilt University (1983) and international finance at Babson College (1986), “The New Depression: The Breakdown of the Paper Money Economy”, http://www.amazon.com/The-New-Depression-Breakdown-ebook/dp/B007GZOYI6, 2/24/12)

Duncan 12

176,783

233

10,142

1

7,512

2,566,426

82,544

2NC v Wyoming LT

Crisis ADV

2NC---Link---DEWs

More money is key

Ellis 15 Dr. Jason Ellis is a Visiting Senior Fellow with the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), on leave from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He is the author, most recently, of the new CNAS report, Directed-Energy Weapons: Promise and Prospects. FOCUSING LIKE A LASER BEAM ON DIRECTED ENERGY JASON ELLISAPRIL 14, 2015 https://warontherocks.com/2015/04/focusing-like-a-laser-beam-on-directed-energy/

Ellis 15

1,127,362

1

541

0

669

971,060

23,505

2NC

PTX

A2: Next Gen Tech---1NC

Passage depends on Manchin---failure on infra makes it too late to solve warming and crushes international climate credibility

Greg Sargent 9-3 [WaPo, “Opinion: Joe Manchin’s new threat to destroy Biden’s agenda is worse than it seems,” https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/03/manchin-oped-threat-biden-reconciliation-bill/, hec]

Sargent 9-3

505,712

10

3,676

1

670

972,522

23,541

GMU AL Open Source NU RD 6

Off Case

1NC

Passage depends on Manchin---failure on infra makes it too late to solve warming and crushes international climate credibility

Greg Sargent 9-3 [WaPo, “Opinion: Joe Manchin’s new threat to destroy Biden’s agenda is worse than it seems,” https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/03/manchin-oped-threat-biden-reconciliation-bill/, hec]

Sargent 9-3

505,712

10

3,676

1

7,104

3,086,557

100,664

USC R8 Neg vs WSU LW

Congress

1nc—Squo Solves

Plenty of disclosure and accountability now

Zenko 17 -Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House [Micah, Aug 1, Foreign Policy, Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/01/donald-trump-is-pushing-americas-special-forces-past-the-breaking-point-jsoc-navy-seal/, accessed 9/30/18]

Zenko 17

383,024

10

806

0

7,105

3,109,179

101,536

1nc

congress adv

1nc internal link d

Plenty of disclosure and accountability now

Zenko 17 -Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House [Micah, Aug 1, Foreign Policy, Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/01/donald-trump-is-pushing-americas-special-forces-past-the-breaking-point-jsoc-navy-seal/, accessed 9/30/18]

Zenko 17

383,024

10

806

0

7,106

3,089,388

100,666

1nc

Congress

1nc---secrecy

Plenty of disclosure and accountability now

Zenko 17 -Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House [Micah, Aug 1, Foreign Policy, Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/01/donald-trump-is-pushing-americas-special-forces-past-the-breaking-point-jsoc-navy-seal/, accessed 9/30/18]

Zenko 17

383,024

10

806

0

7,107

3,106,103

101,451

null

1NC

Congressional Control

Plenty of disclosure and accountability now

Zenko 17 -Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House [Micah, Aug 1, Foreign Policy, Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/01/donald-trump-is-pushing-americas-special-forces-past-the-breaking-point-jsoc-navy-seal/, accessed 9/30/18]

Zenko 17 , accessed 9/30/18]

383,024

10

806

0

7,108

3,110,360

101,486

1nc

congress adv

1nc internal link d

Plenty of disclosure and accountability now

Zenko 17 -Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House [Micah, Aug 1, Foreign Policy, Whitehead Senior Fellow at Chatham House, https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/08/01/donald-trump-is-pushing-americas-special-forces-past-the-breaking-point-jsoc-navy-seal/, accessed 9/30/18]

Zenko 17

383,024

10

806

0