Datasets:

Yusuf5

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AFF Answers

Impacts—India Brain Drain

Brain Drain Helps India’s Economy

Brain gain effects outweigh the negative impacts of brain drain

Bhavya Dore, 6/2/2017 (freelance journalist), Stop blaming the H-1B visa for India’s brain drain—it actually achieved the opposite, June 2, 2017. Retrieved Apr. 11, 2018 from https://qz.com/997172/you-can-thank-the-h-1b-visa-programme-for-the-it-boom-in-india/, kdd

Dore 17

Links

Links: BIT

(--) A BIT WOULD BOLSTER CHINA’S ECONOMY.

William Mauldin & Mark Magnier, 2015 (staff writers), WALL STREET JOURNAL, U.S., China Make Progress Toward Trade and Investment Deal, Sept. 25, 2015, Retrieved Apr. 18, 2016 from http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-china-make-progress-toward-trade-and-investment-deal-1443208549

Mauldin & Magnier, 2015

1nc

The aff’s description of nation states as singular, autonomous, and discrete masks IR as a discipline of the ruling class that uses its centralized power to spread imperialism

Davies 19 [Dr Steve Davies, a Senior Fellow at AIER, is the Head of Education at the IEA. Previously he was program officer at the Institute for Humane Studies (IHS) at George Mason University in Virginia. He joined IHS from the UK where he was Senior Lecturer in the Department of History and Economic History at Manchester Metropolitan University. He has also been a Visiting Scholar at the Social Philosophy and Policy Center at Bowling Green State University, Ohio. A historian, he graduated from St Andrews University in Scotland in 1976 and gained his PhD from the same institution in 1984. He has authored several books, including Empiricism and History (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) and was co-editor with Nigel Ashford of The Dictionary of Conservative and Libertarian Thought (Routledge, 1991). How to Think About International Relations. July 10, 2019. https://www.aier.org/article/how-to-think-about-international-relations/]

Davies 19

2NC

NASA

NASA DA

International cooperation over SSA is extremely expensive.

Koplow 18—(Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center). David A. Koplow. Summer 2018. “The Fault Is Not in Our Stars: Avoiding an Arms Race in Outer Space.” https://harvardilj.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/HLI205_crop-1.pdf

Koplow 18

Offcase: 1NC

Taiwan DA: 1NC

Pullout from Filipino bases shreds deterrence.

Baxter 20—(senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation, where she focuses on issues related to operational strategy, base resiliency, expeditionary warfare, and military readiness). Baxter, Caroline. 2020. “If U.S. Forces Have to Leave the Philippines, Then What?” February 28, 2020. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/02/if-us-forces-have-to-leave-the-philippines-then-what.html.

Baxter 20

1NC

Adv: SCS

Taiwan

Pullout from Filipino bases shreds deterrence.

Baxter 20—(senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation, where she focuses on issues related to operational strategy, base resiliency, expeditionary warfare, and military readiness). Baxter, Caroline. 2020. “If U.S. Forces Have to Leave the Philippines, Then What?” February 28, 2020. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/02/if-us-forces-have-to-leave-the-philippines-then-what.html.

Baxter 20

Offcase: 1NC

OFF

Pullout from Filipino bases shreds deterrence.

Baxter 20—(senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation, where she focuses on issues related to operational strategy, base resiliency, expeditionary warfare, and military readiness). Baxter, Caroline. 2020. “If U.S. Forces Have to Leave the Philippines, Then What?” February 28, 2020. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/02/if-us-forces-have-to-leave-the-philippines-then-what.html.

Baxter 20

Offcase: 1NC

Taiwan DA: 1NC

Pullout from Filipino bases shreds deterrence.

Baxter 20—(senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation, where she focuses on issues related to operational strategy, base resiliency, expeditionary warfare, and military readiness). Baxter, Caroline. 2020. “If U.S. Forces Have to Leave the Philippines, Then What?” February 28, 2020. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/02/if-us-forces-have-to-leave-the-philippines-then-what.html.

Baxter 20

1NC

OFF

4

Pullout from Filipino bases shreds deterrence.

Baxter 20—(senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation, where she focuses on issues related to operational strategy, base resiliency, expeditionary warfare, and military readiness). Baxter, Caroline. 2020. “If U.S. Forces Have to Leave the Philippines, Then What?” February 28, 2020. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/02/if-us-forces-have-to-leave-the-philippines-then-what.html.

Baxter 20

1NC

OFF

Pullout from Filipino bases shreds deterrence.

Baxter 20—(senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation, where she focuses on issues related to operational strategy, base resiliency, expeditionary warfare, and military readiness). Baxter, Caroline. 2020. “If U.S. Forces Have to Leave the Philippines, Then What?” February 28, 2020. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/02/if-us-forces-have-to-leave-the-philippines-then-what.html.

Baxter 20

1NC vs UNLV RR

OFF

Pullout from Filipino bases shreds deterrence.

Baxter 20—(senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation, where she focuses on issues related to operational strategy, base resiliency, expeditionary warfare, and military readiness). Baxter, Caroline. 2020. “If U.S. Forces Have to Leave the Philippines, Then What?” February 28, 2020. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/02/if-us-forces-have-to-leave-the-philippines-then-what.html.

Baxter 20

4

Pullout from Filipino bases shreds deterrence.

Baxter 20—(senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation, where she focuses on issues related to operational strategy, base resiliency, expeditionary warfare, and military readiness). Baxter, Caroline. 2020. “If U.S. Forces Have to Leave the Philippines, Then What?” February 28, 2020. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/02/if-us-forces-have-to-leave-the-philippines-then-what.html.

Baxter 20

1NC

OFF

Pullout from Filipino bases shreds deterrence.

Baxter 20—(senior policy analyst at the RAND Corporation, where she focuses on issues related to operational strategy, base resiliency, expeditionary warfare, and military readiness). Baxter, Caroline. 2020. “If U.S. Forces Have to Leave the Philippines, Then What?” February 28, 2020. https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/02/if-us-forces-have-to-leave-the-philippines-then-what.html.

Baxter 20

1AR K

No self fulfilling prophecy Otherization doesn’t cause war

Rodwell 5 (Jonathan Rodwell is a PhD student at Manchester Met. researching the U.S. Foreign Policy of the late 70's / rise of ‘neo-cons’ and Second Cold War, “Trendy But Empty: A Response to Richard Jackson,” http://www.49thparallel.bham.ac.uk/back/issue15/rodwell1.htm)

Rodwell 5

2AC

Pan

No self fulfilling prophecy Otherization doesn’t cause war

Rodwell 5 (Jonathan Rodwell is a PhD student at Manchester Met. researching the U.S. Foreign Policy of the late 70's / rise of ‘neo-cons’ and Second Cold War, “Trendy But Empty: A Response to Richard Jackson,” http://www.49thparallel.bham.ac.uk/back/issue15/rodwell1.htm)

Rodwell 5

2AC

Pan

No self fulfilling prophecy Otherization doesn’t cause war

Rodwell 5 (Jonathan Rodwell is a PhD student at Manchester Met. researching the U.S. Foreign Policy of the late 70's / rise of ‘neo-cons’ and Second Cold War, “Trendy But Empty: A Response to Richard Jackson,” http://www.49thparallel.bham.ac.uk/back/issue15/rodwell1.htm)

Rodwell 5

kritikal climate (k)1nc

Bare life props up structures of violence against the vulnerable other – root cause of systemic devaluation of black lives and lives of women of color

Pokornowski 2016 Steven Pokornowski, lecturer at Rio Honda university with a PhD in English from University of California, Santa Barbara, and a BALAS in English and Psychology. “Vulnerable Life: Zombies, Global Biopolitics, and the Reproduction of Structural Violence.” Humanities 5, 71: August 25, 2016 <http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/71/pdf> CGH

Pokornowski 2016

Agamben

Impacts

Bare life

Bare life props up structures of violence against the vulnerable other – root cause of systemic devaluation of black lives and lives of women of color

Pokornowski 2016 Steven Pokornowski, lecturer at Rio Honda university with a PhD in English from University of California, Santa Barbara, and a BALAS in English and Psychology. “Vulnerable Life: Zombies, Global Biopolitics, and the Reproduction of Structural Violence.” Humanities 5, 71: August 25, 2016 < HYPERLINK "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/71/pdf" http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/71/pdf> CGH

Pokornowski 2016

Agamben—MM(MMMMMMMMM)R Lab

Impacts

2NC Impact—Structural Violence

Bare life props up structures of violence against the vulnerable other – root cause of systemic devaluation of black lives and lives of women of color

Pokornowski 2016, Steven Pokornowski, lecturer at Rio Honda university with a PhD in English from University of California, Santa Barbara, and a BALAS in English and Psychology. “Vulnerable Life: Zombies, Global Biopolitics, and the Reproduction of Structural Violence.” Humanities 5, 71: August 25, 2016 <http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/71/pdf> CGH

Pokornowski 2016, > CGH

K

Bare life props up structures of violence against the vulnerable other – root cause of systemic devaluation of black lives and lives of women of color

Pokornowski 2016 Steven Pokornowski, lecturer at Rio Honda university with a PhD in English from University of California, Santa Barbara, and a BALAS in English and Psychology. “Vulnerable Life: Zombies, Global Biopolitics, and the Reproduction of Structural Violence.” Humanities 5, 71: August 25, 2016 <HYPERLINK "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/71/pdf"http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/71/pdf> CGH

Pokornowski 2016

K

Bare life props up structures of violence against the vulnerable other – root cause of systemic devaluation of black lives and lives of women of color

Pokornowski 2016 Steven Pokornowski, lecturer at Rio Honda university with a PhD in English from University of California, Santa Barbara, and a BALAS in English and Psychology. “Vulnerable Life: Zombies, Global Biopolitics, and the Reproduction of Structural Violence.” Humanities 5, 71: August 25, 2016 <HYPERLINK "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/71/pdf"http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/71/pdf> CGH

Pokornowski 2016

agamben v the university

nc

Bare life props up structures of violence against the vulnerable other – root cause of systemic devaluation of black lives and lives of women of color

Pokornowski 2016 Steven Pokornowski, lecturer at Rio Honda university with a PhD in English from University of California, Santa Barbara, and a BALAS in English and Psychology. “Vulnerable Life: Zombies, Global Biopolitics, and the Reproduction of Structural Violence.” Humanities 5, 71: August 25, 2016 <http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/71/pdf> CGH

Pokornowski 2016

2AC

2ac – cap k

Alt fails because there’s no mindset shift—they can’t achieve elite buy-in or societal consent for the transition—and their arg about it coming eventually is wrong

Buch-Hansen, 18—Department of Business and Politics, Copenhagen Business School (Hubert, “The Prerequisites for a Degrowth Paradigm Shift: Insights from Critical Political Economy,” Ecological Economics Volume 146, April 2018, Pages 157-163, dml)

Buch-Hansen, 18

2AC

2ac – disaster cap k

Alt fails because there’s no mindset shift—they can’t achieve elite buy-in or societal consent for the transition—and their arg about it coming eventually is wrong

Buch-Hansen, 18—Department of Business and Politics, Copenhagen Business School (Hubert, “The Prerequisites for a Degrowth Paradigm Shift: Insights from Critical Political Economy,” Ecological Economics Volume 146, April 2018, Pages 157-163, dml)

Buch-Hansen, 18

2AC

2ac – cap k

Alt fails because there’s no mindset shift—they can’t achieve elite buy-in or societal consent for the transition—and their arg about it coming eventually is wrong

Buch-Hansen, 18—Department of Business and Politics, Copenhagen Business School (Hubert, “The Prerequisites for a Degrowth Paradigm Shift: Insights from Critical Political Economy,” Ecological Economics Volume 146, April 2018, Pages 157-163, dml)

Buch-Hansen, 18

1NR

Economy DA

1NR ― Links

Second is jobs –

Democracy Good

Democratic Peace Theory Good/True

DPT Solves War – Public Opinion

Multiple public checks diminish the risk of democratic wars

Tomz and Weeks ’11 (Michael Tomz and Jessica L Weeks, Princeton Journal, The Democratic Peace: An Experimental Approach, https://www.princeton.edu/~pcglobal/conferences/methods/papers/tomz.pdf, AZ)

Tomz and Weeks ’11

1NR

DA

Overview

No surveillance, detection, or response

Walker 11 (Emily Walker, 4-8-2011, "Both Sides Claim Win as Shutdown Averted," Med Page Today, http://www.medpagetoday.com/Washington-Watch/Washington-Watch/25826)

Walker 11 (

Crowd-Out DA

NC

Crowd outs disproportionately harms poorer areas and decrease economic productivity

Bourne 18 (Ryan Bourne occupies the R. Evan Scharf Chair for the Public Understanding of Economics at Cato., "A Jobs Guaranteed Economic Disaster",4-24-2018, Cato Institute,  https://www.cato.org/blog/jobs-guaranteed-economic-disaster, accessed on 10-29-2020) wwgz

Bourne 18 ,  https://www.cato.org/blog/jobs-guaranteed-economic-disaster, accessed on 10-29-2020) wwgz

Crowd-Out DA

NC

Crowd outs disproportionately harms poorer areas and decrease economic productivity

Bourne 18 (Ryan Bourne occupies the R. Evan Scharf Chair for the Public Understanding of Economics at Cato., "A Jobs Guaranteed Economic Disaster",4-24-2018, Cato Institute,  https://www.cato.org/blog/jobs-guaranteed-economic-disaster, accessed on 10-29-2020) wwgz

Bourne 18 ,  https://www.cato.org/blog/jobs-guaranteed-economic-disaster, accessed on 10-29-2020) wwgz

NEG

Impacts

!! – Europe Falls Apart

Spurs populism in Europe

Kaufmann, Hertie School of Governance; Laius, Postdoctorate at Otto Suhr Institute; 17 (Sonja, Mathis, “Ever closer or lost at sea? Scenarios for the future of transatlantic relations,” https://www-sciencedirect-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/science/article/pii/S0016328716303615)//EF

Kaufmann, Laius, 17

Cuban Economy

Cuban Economy – 1AC

First – private sector and SOE trade

Ashby 13 – Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs; served in the U.S. Commerce Department’s International Trade Administration as Director of the Office of Mexico and the Caribbean and as acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for the Western Hemisphere; a counsel with the international law firm Dentons; he has PhD, JD and MBA degrees (Dr. Timothy, “Preserving Stability in Cuba After Normalizing Relations with the United States – The Importance of Trading with State-Owned Enterprises,” Council of Hemispheric Affairs, 3/29/13, http://www.coha.org/preserving-stability-in-cuba-timothy-ashby/)//Bwang

Ashby 13 –

2AC Feminism

Recut splitted up version of the framework card

Your resistance is futile – conflict is already embedded into the code

Grace 2000 (Victoria Grace, Senior Lecturer in Feminist Studies and currently serving a term as Dean of Arts at the University of Canterbury at Christchurch, “Baudrillard’s Challenge: A Feminist Reading”, Routledge Press, pg 73-88)

Grace 2000 (Victoria Grace, “Baudrillard’s Challenge: A Feminist Reading”, Routledge Press, pg 73-88)

Judge Doc

1NR

Yes Legal Regime

I-law key to debris

Al Anzaldua & Dave Dunlop 17. Retired US State Department diplomat and 30-year veteran of space advocacy. Member of the National Space Society; developed the Rockets for Schools Program in Wisconsin with the Wisconsin Space Business Roundtable and subsequently in Michigan. “Why the US and Russia should work together to clean up orbital debris.” The Space Review. http://www.thespacereview.com/article/3156/1.

Anzaldua & Dunlop 17 .

DDI 2013 – Neoliberalism Generic

***Links***

NAFTA Links

Mexico has already made the mistake of the aff—foreign countries invested in Mexican energy in the 1970’s—this was a neoliberal policy that lead to disaster

Cutter 7

Cutter 7

1AR---Round Five---NDT

Court Clog

Court Clog---Top---1AR

No climate internal.

Chavez 13 (Anthony, Associate Professor, Salmon P. Chase College of Law, Northern Kentucky University, “A Napoleonic Approach to Climate Change: The Geoengineering Branch”, Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment 5.1, 9/1/13, http://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=jece)

Chavez 13

2AC

K

1AC---Warming

Totalizing refusal of humanism prevents effective challenges to power

Shulman, 21—teaches political theory at The Gallatin School of New York University (George, “Fred Moten’s Refusals and Consents: The Politics of Fugitivity,” Political Theory, Vol. 49(2), 272–313, dml) [inserted “when” for grammatical integrity—insertion denoted by brackets]

Shulman, 21

China SOI Good

2NC

2NC Taiwan Mod

Latin America provides a unique opportunity for China-Taiwan Cross-Strait relations

Hsiang 09 [Antonio C. Hsiang Journal of Emerging Knowledge on Emerging Markets “China Rising in Latin America: More Opportunities than Challenges” http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=jekem November]//BMitch

Hsiang 09

1NR

Mod DA

Al-Shabaab

Collapse ensures a host of existential risks

Zachary Keck 14, Assistant Editor at The Diplomat, M.A. candidate in the Department of Public and International Affairs at George Mason University, “America’s Relative Decline: Should We Panic?” 2014. http://thediplomat.com/2014/01/americas-relative-decline-should-we-panic/

Keck 14

1AC vs. Heritage PG

1AC

Framework

[5] Extinction hijacks and side constrains the framework – you can never be 100% certain in your theory so you shouldn’t explode the world to bet on it, Bostrum 12’

Nick Bostrom (Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford). “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority.” Global Policy 2012.

1NR---Round 2---Kentucky

DA---Spillover

AI---Impact---AT: Alignment---2NC

Unpredictable behavior and side effects necessitate aggressive guidelines.

Piper ’20 [Kelsey; October 15; Staff writer, B.S. in Symbolic Systems from Stanford University, former leader of the Stanford Effective Altruism movement; Vox, “The case for taking AI seriously as a threat to humanity,” https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/12/21/18126576/ai-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-safety-alignment]

Piper ’20

1NR---Round 2---Kentucky

DA---Spillover

AI---Impact---AT: Liability---2NC

Unpredictable behavior and side effects necessitate aggressive guidelines.

Piper ’20 [Kelsey; October 15; Staff writer, B.S. in Symbolic Systems from Stanford University, former leader of the Stanford Effective Altruism movement; Vox, “The case for taking AI seriously as a threat to humanity,” https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/12/21/18126576/ai-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-safety-alignment]

Piper ’20

2NR---Round 7---KYRR

DA---Rights Creep

Internals---AT: Rights Solve---2NR

Unpredictable behavior and side effects necessitate aggressive guidelines.

Piper ’20 [Kelsey; October 15; Staff writer, B.S. in Symbolic Systems from Stanford University, former leader of the Stanford Effective Altruism movement; Vox, “The case for taking AI seriously as a threat to humanity,” https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2018/12/21/18126576/ai-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-safety-alignment]

Piper ’20

1AR

CP---Advantage

1AR---Deficit---Credibility

Only overpromising destroys NATO’s credibility.

Stapleton 16, PhD, former visiting fellow in defense and foreign policy @ the Cato Institute. (Brad, 11-11-2016, "Trump and NATO—Redefining the U.S. Role ", Cato Institute, https://www.cato.org/blog/trump-nato-redefining-us-role)

Stapleton 16, PhD, former visiting fellow in defense and foreign policy @ the Cato Institute. (Brad, 11-11-2016, "Trump and NATO—Redefining the U.S. Role ", Cato Institute, https://www.cato.org/blog/trump-nato-redefining-us-role)

2NC

A2s

A2: Action T/O DA

Debate roleplay specifically activates agency -- turns your impacts

Hanghoj, 8 – assistant professor at Aarhus University, since this PhD project began in 2004, has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials) (Thorkild, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf)

Hanghoj, 8

Russia Economy Oil DA

Impact Extensions

Impact – Prolif

(--) Failure to provide adequate security of nuclear weapons in the former Soviet Union makes nuclear proliferation inevitable.

Western Morning News, 2007. (staff, October 22, 2007. Online. Lexis. Accessed, February 10, 2008.

Western Morning News, 2007

Russian Oil DA/Answers

Impacts

Impact – Prolif

(--) Failure to provide adequate security of nuclear weapons in the former Soviet Union makes nuclear proliferation inevitable.

Western Morning News, 2007. (staff, October 22, 2007. Online. Lexis. Accessed, February 10, 2008.

Western Morning News, 2007

1NR

Technics

Also space weapons aren’t inev – their only reason is bc states fear space war but that’s overblown:

Gopalaswamy ’16 – acting director of the South Asia Center at the Atlantic Council. Prior to joining the Council, Gopalaswamy managed the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign“Much ado about nothing”; Bharath Gopalaswamy; May 27, 2016; http://thebulletin.org/space-weapons-and-risk-nuclear-exchanges8346; mbc *edited language denoted by brackets

Gopalaswamy ’16

doubles neg v. northwestern os

1nc

1nc CP

Wait and see approach to legalization while the US pursues treaty amendments is best for i-law

Counts, 14 - J.D. Candidate, Harvard Law School, 2014 (Nathan, “INITIATIVE 502 AND CONFLICTING STATE AND FEDERAL LAW” 49 Gonz. L. Rev. 187, http://www.law.gonzaga.edu/law-review/files/2014/04/1-Counts-Pgs-187-212.pdf)

Counts, 14

2NC/1NR

Oil

Nuc terror causes extinction

Owen B. Toon 7, chair of the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at CU-Boulder, et al., April 19, 2007, “Atmospheric effects and societal consequences of regional scale nuclear conflicts and acts of individual nuclear terrorism,” online: http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/acp-7-1973-2007.pdf

Toon 7

2NC

O/V

Link

O/V - First is out neoliberal factories link – Schools don’t focus on teaching their students to be innovators or critical thinkers, the main point of education system is to mold students to become obedient members of the work force. Schools become a sorting place where individuals who will be valuable and successful in the neoliberalist system rise to the top, and it reinforces the ideas that the only value a person has is how much money they can make- that’s Foster 11

Speech 2ac Round 4 Coast vs Emory DP

2ac K – Buddhism

2ac Marxism

Human behavior is not reducible a series of inner drives - desire can’t be the root cause of suffering

Johnson 05 – (2005, Adrian, PhD from SUNY-Stony Brook, Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of New Mexico at Albuquerque and a faculty member at the Emory Psychoanalytic Institute in Atlanta, “Time Driven: Metapsychology and the Splitting of the Drive,” p. 340-1)

Johnson 05

1NR

Enviro

2NC – Aff = Neoliberal

The problem isn’t cap, its productivism – cap checks against it but every instance of the aff has been coopted to cause mass violence and environmental destruction

Dolan 11 (Ed, economist and educator with a Ph.D. from Yale University, founded the American Institute of Business and Economics (AIBEc), an independent, not-for-profit MBA program, taught at several universities in Europe, including Central European University in Budapest, the University of Economics in Prague, and the Stockholm School of Economics in Riga, worked in Washington, D.C. as an economist for the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice and as a regulatory analyst for the Interstate Commerce Commission, and later served a stint in Almaty as an adviser to the National Bank of Kazakhstan, “The Ecosocialist Critique of Capitalism vs. Real World Socialism” http://www.economonitor.com/dolanecon/2011/04/29/the-ecosocialist-critique-of-capitalism-vs-real-world-socialism/ ) MattG

Dolan 11

1NC

Case

The problem isn’t cap, its productivism – cap checks against it but every instance of the aff has been coopted to cause mass violence and environmental destruction

Dolan 11 (Ed, economist and educator with a Ph.D. from Yale University, founded the American Institute of Business and Economics (AIBEc), an independent, not-for-profit MBA program, taught at several universities in Europe, including Central European University in Budapest, the University of Economics in Prague, and the Stockholm School of Economics in Riga, worked in Washington, D.C. as an economist for the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice and as a regulatory analyst for the Interstate Commerce Commission, and later served a stint in Almaty as an adviser to the National Bank of Kazakhstan, “The Ecosocialist Critique of Capitalism vs. Real World Socialism” http://www.economonitor.com/dolanecon/2011/04/29/the-ecosocialist-critique-of-capitalism-vs-real-world-socialism/ ) MattG

Dolan 11

2NC

PIC

2NC – Lawsuits NB – XT Link

They are completely wrong about thermoelectric plants – their own ev doesn’t support it

1AC Allie Nicodemo 17. Undergraduate at Northeastern. “Future droughts will severely impact power production.” Northeastern University Newspaper. 9-27-2017. https://news.northeastern.edu/2017/09/27/future-droughts-will-severely-impact-power-production/ //EM

1AC Nicodemo 17

1NC

Case

Adv

B] Limited nuke war with North Korea now has almost zero environmental effect

David H. Davis 16, PhD from Johns Hopkins University, Professor of Political Science and Comparative Environmental Policy @ University of Toledo, formerly worked for the EPA, “Environmental Effects of Limited Nuclear War”, https://patimes.org/environmental-effects-limited-nuclear-war/

Davis 16

4

In describing this phenomenon as the development of an “offshore” economy, this article seeks to shift attention from the study of economic processes to the study of the nature of regulatory realms in which economics take place. Specifically, I would like to point out the subtle but important distinction between offshore and, on the one hand, privatization and deregulation which have tended to apply to the entire territory of a country, and on the other, the externalization of activities associated with transnational transactions-if by the latter we understand developments external to the very life of the state system. ¶ In pointing out the subtle differences between these related and yet different developments, we can obtain a better understanding of the relationship between globalization and the state, a debate that has been dominated for a while now by three different schools of through representing widely diverging opinions. The first school of thought, which is closely associated with the globalization thesis, maintains that the state is currently being “hollowed out” from within, soon to “wither away” under the pressures of the global market (Ohmae, 1990; Dendrinos, 1992). The second maintains that globalization is an episodic event, perhaps mere hype, the myopic product of the “long peace” and the end of the Cold War. In this view, associated with realists like Krasner (1994) and Jackson and James (1994) and world system theorists like Chase-Dunn (1994), there is nothing about the past two decades to warrant questioning the fundamental structures of the world, be they the system of states or the “world system” inherited from the long sixteenth century. A third interpretation suggests that the “hollowing out” of the state represents a major structural event in the life of the states, and a form of accommodation to globalization as explicated by the “competition state” thesis (Strange, 1987; Cerny, 1990; Drache, 1993; Jessop, 1993; Hirsch, 1995; Palan and Abbott, 1996). In this view, this restructuring event is an itself internally contradictory and unsustainable (Lipietz, 1994; Cerny, 1995).¶ One of the fascinating aspects of offshore is that it offers an additional fourth perspective. The argument is that by the process of bifurcation of the sovereign providing them with the areas where government interferences are less stringent. And since these more mobile elements are increasingly bracketed out of the state, the state can carry on discharging its traditional roles as if nothing happening, thus helping to alleviate some of the tension between globalization and the state system. To be precise, in most cases states are using the tactics of sovereign bifurcation, not necessarily to isolate themselves from the economic impact of globalization-although this was probably the motive behind some of the offshore facilities, such as the Chinese Special Economic zones and International Banking Facilities of New York and Tokyo-but as a way of providing less regulated and taxed spaces without undermining their claim to regulate and tax other areas of economic activities. In other words, offshore does not isolate the state from globalization as much as it offers a politically acceptable resolution to the tension between globalization tendencies and the state. Offshore, therefore, captures simultaneously two sets of instrumental realities. It is a case of having your cake and eating it: maintaining the state system as organizer and mediator of conflict and tension, yet removing the threat of regulation and taxation attendant with the state-all done in the name of and by the state system itself. “Offshore,” therefore can be thought of as an ingenious device reconciling two incompatible trends. ¶ Seen in this light, offshore is an incredibly complex and fascinating development, one that bears upon not only issues of finance and trade, but also our understanding of the nature of order and change in the modern world. To being with, it requires a reevaluation of the common perception of the relationship between state and globalization. More fundamentally, once down this road, the analysis presented challenges conventional notions of agency and change in international affairs. Obviously such a wide array of topics cannot be discussed within the framework of one article, so I will concentrate one instead on the strong and intimate relationship between the rise of offshore and sovereignty. Specifically, I will argue that the concepts of sovereignty and national self-determination are playing simultaneously enabling and constraining roles in the development of offshore. Furthermore, having “created” offshore, sovereignty and self-determination are themselves constrained and (re-)enabled in turn. ¶ There are, of course, different interpretations of the nature of sovereignty and sovereign equality. Depending on which view on takes, one can come to the conclusion that sovereignty is or is not eroded. The view take is that it is not. ¶ In the first section I introduce a distinction between theories that view sovereignty as control over territory and those that view sovereignty as an accepted convention. From the point of view of the latter, which is a standard “constructivist” view of sovereignty as an institution, it can be done demonstrated that sovereignty, or the right to write the law, is at the heart of the movement toward the creation of the offshore economy. The second section develops the argument for a definition of offshore as differential regulatory realms. The third section then traces a link between offshore and the legal precedence that made such facilities possible. The fourth section overs a brief survey on the development of the offshore economy.

EXTINCTION

EXTINCTION

South Sudan Refugees Aff Update

Aff – South Sudan Advantage

Impact – Water Wars

A successful CFA is key to effective nile water sharing.

Kimenyi and Mbaku 15 – Mwangi S. Kimenyi, Senior Fellow and former director of the Africa Growth Initiative (AGI) at the Brookings Institution, Associate Professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Connecticut, Ph.D. in Economics from the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University, M.A. in Economics and International Affairs from Ohio University, John Mukum Mbaku, Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Africa Growth Initiative (AGI) at the Brookings Institution, Willard L. Eccles Professor of Economics at Weber State University, Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Georgia, J.D. from the University of Utah, 2015 (“The Cooperative Framework Agreement: A New Legal Regime for the Nile River,” Governing the Nile River Basin: The Search for a New Legal Regime, Published by Brookings Institution Press, ISBN: 978-0-8157-2655-5, February 12th, p. 88-89) MR

Kimenyi and Mbaku 15

1AR

1AR---econ da

CW fails to protect innovation.

Kevin Caves & Hal Singer 18. *Director of Econ One. *Managing Director of Econ One and an Adjunct Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University. "WHEN THE ECONOMETRICIAN SHRUGGED: IDENTIFYING AND PLUGGING GAPS IN THE CONSUMER-WELFARE STANDARD" George Mason Law Review. Fall 2018. https://heinonline-org.proxy.library.emory.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/gmlr26&div=16&id=&page=&collection=journals

Caves & Singer 18

1AR

Inequality Adv

Link Turn---1AR

CW fails to protect innovation.

Kevin Caves & Hal Singer 18. *Director of Econ One. *Managing Director of Econ One and an Adjunct Professor at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University. "WHEN THE ECONOMETRICIAN SHRUGGED: IDENTIFYING AND PLUGGING GAPS IN THE CONSUMER-WELFARE STANDARD" George Mason Law Review. Fall 2018. https://heinonline-org.proxy.library.emory.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/gmlr26&div=16&id=&page=&collection=journals

Caves & Singer 18

1AC

AD: 1 MICROPLASTICS

Scenario 1: Biodiversity

Biodiversity Loss locks in Ecosystem decay.

Dhillon’9 [Simi, writer, environmental and social justice activist. October 11, 2009. iBizBook. “Capitalistic Anthropocentrism: Leading Cause of Biodiversity Loss?” http://www.ibizbook.com/live/blogs/89-sim-dhillon/capitalistic-anthropocentrism-leading-cause-of-biodiversity-loss]

Dhillon’9

FSIA Advantage

Genocide Scenario

Impact – Human Rights

Decreases human rights abuses

Alford 8 – Associate Professor of Law, Pepperdine University School of Law, Malibu, California. L.L.M, University of Edinburgh, 1992; J.D., New York University, 1991; (Roger P., “Arbitrating Human Rights”, January 2008, 83 Notre Dame Law Review 2)//ER

Alford 8

1ar

FW

Clash Impact — 1AR

Clash outweighs---individual debates don’t shape subjectivity, prefer long term impacts to good debates.

1NC

1NC---Crime DA

Sex trafficking is the ultimate form of dehumanization-aff exberates

DeMarco 7 – [Caitlin, intern in the Ronald Reagan Memorial Internship Program at Concerned Women for America Jul 12, http://www.cwfa.org/articles/13418/BLI/dotcommentary/index.htm]cn

DeMarco 7

1NC

1NC---Crime DA

Sex trafficking is the ultimate form of dehumanization-aff exberates

DeMarco 7 – [Caitlin, intern in the Ronald Reagan Memorial Internship Program at Concerned Women for America Jul 12, http://www.cwfa.org/articles/13418/BLI/dotcommentary/index.htm]cn

DeMarco 7

2NC/1NR

Adv 1

A2: No Link---2NC

The problem is not the type of growth---it is growth itself---even if they transition to a socially or financially sustainable growth model, we all still die!

Ted Trainer 19, Conjoint Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales. PhD from University of Sydney, “Why De growth is Essential: A Rejection of Left Ecomodernists Phillips, Sharzer, Bastini, and Parenti,” Resilience, 10/17/2019, https://www.resilience.org/stories/2019-10-17/why-de-growth-is-essential-a-rejection-of-left-ecomodernists-phillips-sharzer-bastini-and-parenti/, kyujin

Trainer 19

2NC

Economy

2NC---Link---Slow Growth

The problem is not the type of growth---it is growth itself---even if they transition to a socially or financially sustainable growth model, we all still die!

Ted Trainer 19, Conjoint Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales. PhD from University of Sydney, “Why De growth is Essential: A Rejection of Left Ecomodernists Phillips, Sharzer, Bastini, and Parenti,” Resilience, 10/17/2019, https://www.resilience.org/stories/2019-10-17/why-de-growth-is-essential-a-rejection-of-left-ecomodernists-phillips-sharzer-bastini-and-parenti/, kyujin

Trainer 19

2NC

Income Inequality

AT: No Link

The problem is not the type of growth---it is growth itself---even if they transition to a socially or financially sustainable growth model, we all still die!

Ted Trainer 19, Conjoint Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales. PhD from University of Sydney, “Why De growth is Essential: A Rejection of Left Ecomodernists Phillips, Sharzer, Bastini, and Parenti,” Resilience, 10/17/2019, https://www.resilience.org/stories/2019-10-17/why-de-growth-is-essential-a-rejection-of-left-ecomodernists-phillips-sharzer-bastini-and-parenti/, kyujin

Trainer 19

Case

The reading of the 1AC itself cedes the political to the right; to affirm identity politics means to move away from real political change, which means the populist conservatives take over – Trump proves. Turns case; makes material change impossible and erases gains made by the civil rights movement and subsequent social change movements.

Conor Friedersdorf, 7/6/17, “The Book That Predicted Trump’s Rise Offers the Left a Roadmap for Defeating Him”, The Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/07/advice-for-the-left-on-achieving-a-more-perfect-union/531054//JY

Friedersdorf 17

Case

State good

The reading of the 1AC itself cedes the political to the right; to affirm identity politics means to move away from real political change, which means the populist conservatives take over – Trump proves. Turns case; makes material change impossible and erases gains made by the civil rights movement and subsequent social change movements.

Conor Friedersdorf, 7/6/17, “The Book That Predicted Trump’s Rise Offers the Left a Roadmap for Defeating Him”, The Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/07/advice-for-the-left-on-achieving-a-more-perfect-union/531054//JY

Friedersdorf 17

Neg

Case

Cede the political turn

The reading of the 1AC itself cedes the political to the right; to affirm identity politics means to move away from real political change, which means the populist conservatives take over – Trump proves. Turns case; makes material change impossible and erases gains made by the civil rights movement and subsequent social change movements.

Conor Friedersdorf, 7/6/17, “The Book That Predicted Trump’s Rise Offers the Left a Roadmap for Defeating Him”, The Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/07/advice-for-the-left-on-achieving-a-more-perfect-union/531054//JY

Friedersdorf 17

1NC

OFF

1NC Off Case Shell

CP solves – wipes out China’s offensive capabilities and second-strike – but waiting makes it survivable AND lets them strike first

--it’s gotta happen now, if it happens during wartime they’ll have deployed TELs (transporter erector launcher)

**Neg- Abolition K

***Framework

F/W – Top

The aff’s reformist pedagogy expands the carceral state and causes massive structural violence and state terror – an abolitionist praxis that challenges the violent foundations of educative spaces like debate is a prerequisite to any policy discussion

Rodriguez 10 – Professor and Chair of the Department of Ethnic Studies at UC Riverside, received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in Ethnic Studies from the University of California, Berkeley and earned two B.A. degrees and a Concentration degree from Cornell University; nationally recognized by Diverse magazine as one of its Emerging Scholars of 2006; has been a Ford Foundation Predoctoral and Postdoctoral Fellow (Dylan, “The Disorientation of the Teaching Act: Abolition as Pedagogical Position,” Radical Teacher 88, Summer 2010, p. 7-19)

Rodriguez 10 – Professor and Chair of the Department of Ethnic Studies at UC Riverside, received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in Ethnic Studies from the University of California, Berkeley and earned two B.A. degrees and a Concentration degree from Cornell University; nationally recognized by Diverse magazine as one of its Emerging Scholars of 2006; has been a Ford Foundation Predoctoral and Postdoctoral Fellow

2AC

Humanism

2AC – FW

Can deploy the logic of legal personhood against itself ot expose its contradictions

Kimberle Crenshaw 88, Law @ UCLA, “RACE, REFORM, AND RETRENCHMENT: TRANSFORMATION AND LEGITIMATION IN ANTIDISCRIMINATION LAW”, 101 Harv. L. Rev. 1331, lexis

Crenshaw 88, , lexis

1NC - Round 6

Assurance

1NC – Heg Bad

Ceading leadership to Russia and China solves their offense

Duncombe and Dunne 18 (Constance Duncombe is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the School of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Queensland, Australia. She received her PhD in International Relations at the University of Queensland in 2014, Tim Dunne is a British scholar of international relations and Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland. He was previously professor of International Relations and Head of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Exeter, UK. "After liberal world order,"https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/94/1/25/4762688?searchresult=1)sw

Duncombe and Dunne 18 Exeter, UK. "After liberal world order,"https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/94/1/25/4762688?searchresult=1)sw

1nc

Multilat

Leadership

Ceading leadership to Russia and China solves their offense

Duncombe and Dunne 18 (Constance Duncombe is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the School of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Queensland, Australia. She received her PhD in International Relations at the University of Queensland in 2014, Tim Dunne is a British scholar of international relations and Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland. He was previously professor of International Relations and Head of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Exeter, UK. "After liberal world order,"https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/94/1/25/4762688?searchresult=1)sw

Duncombe and Dunne 18 (Constance Duncombe is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the School of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Queensland, Australia. She received her PhD in International Relations at the University of Queensland in 2014, Tim Dunne is a British scholar of international relations and Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland. He was previously professor of International Relations and Head of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Exeter, UK. "After liberal world order,"https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/94/1/25/4762688?searchresult=1)sw

1ac

solvency

b) durable signaling

Waxman 14 (Matthew C. Waxman – Columbia law professor, “The Power to Threaten War,” https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=5630&context=ylj)

Waxman 14

1ac

1ac

solvency

b) durable signaling

Waxman 14 (Matthew C. Waxman – Columbia law professor, “The Power to Threaten War,” https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=5630&context=ylj)

Waxman 14

1ac

solvency

b) durable signaling

Waxman 14 (Matthew C. Waxman – Columbia law professor, “The Power to Threaten War,” https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=5630&context=ylj)

Waxman 14

Prisons Neg - Off Case

domestic cp

1nc

That risks nuclear war – wmd compliance and international regs

Delahunty 10 -- associate prof @ U St. Thomas Law and Yoo law prof @ UC Berkeley (Robert and John, 59 DePaul L. Rev. 803, tony)

Delahunty 10

Trade-Off DA

C. Impacts

[Flinders University] A loss of even one species is enough to cause extinction.

Flinders University: Flinders University. "Climate change risks 'extinction domino effect': Loss of animal or plant species to climate change causes global 'extinction domino effect'." ScienceDaily. November 2018. AK

Flinders University:

[Flinders University] A loss of even one species is enough to cause extinction.

Flinders University: Flinders University. "Climate change risks 'extinction domino effect': Loss of animal or plant species to climate change causes global 'extinction domino effect'." ScienceDaily. November 2018. AK

Flinders University: Flinders University. "Climate change risks 'extinction domino effect': Loss of animal or plant species to climate change causes global 'extinction domino effect'." ScienceDaily

AT: Warming Bad

Inevitable

Oceans

Ocean Effects are Inevitable and unstoppable

Goldenberg 15 - US environment correspondent of the Guardian and is based in Washington DC. (Suzanne Goldenberg, 7/16/15, "Warming of Oceans due to climate change is unstoppable, say US scientists" https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jul/16/warming-of-oceans-due-to-climate-change-is-unstoppable-say-us-scientists)

Goldenberg 15

Mechanism Links – Neg

Trade

Trade 1NC

New strategies to bolster trade drain capital – unions and poison-pill amendments

Levy ’13

Levy ’13

Cap and Trade CP

1NC

2NC: Agenda Link

Text: The United States federal government should establish a “cap and trade” license system that sets a cap for total emissions allowed and divvies up permits to private groups for the right to pollute while allowing private groups to then buy and sell those permits amongst themselves

CEDA Octos KU HW (A) vs UMKC FJ (N)

1ac

The 1ac’s methodological rejection of the “China threat” narrative is valuable in moving the needle against larger structures of hegemonic discourse in academia and self-fulfilling prophecies around China’s rise

Al-Rodhan 7 – visiting fellow @ CSIS, strategic analyst in Gulf military, economic and energy affairs

Al-Rodhan 7

Extensions

Alternative

Radical Reimagination

The Alternative is Radical imagination.

Alfred 2010

2NC

Grid DA

2NC—Grid DA—Regs Link

Turns the advantage – total market reverberations

Nicolas Loris, 7/7/2015. Herbert and Joyce Morgan Fellow in Energy and Environmental Policy Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies. “The Many Problems of the EPA’s Clean Power Plan and Climate Regulations: A Primer,” Heritage. http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2015/07/the-many-problems-of-the-epas-clean-power-plan-and-climate-regulations-a-primer

Loris 2015

2NC

Econ Adv.

2NC—Grid DA—Regs Link

Turns the advantage – total market reverberations

Nicolas Loris, 7/7/2015. Herbert and Joyce Morgan Fellow in Energy and Environmental Policy Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies. “The Many Problems of the EPA’s Clean Power Plan and Climate Regulations: A Primer,” Heritage. http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2015/07/the-many-problems-of-the-epas-clean-power-plan-and-climate-regulations-a-primer

Loris 2015

2

“Its” means ownership.

Glossary of English Grammar Terms, 05

Glossary of English Grammar Terms, 05

1NC

Neolib

This economic exploitation makes environmental apocalypse inevitable – we will outstrip the world’s natural resources.

Queally 15 (Jon, senior staff writer at Common Dreams, “That Was Easy: In Just 60 Years, Neoliberal Capitalism Has Nearly Broken Planet Earth,” 1/16/2015, http://commondreams.org/news/2015/01/16/was-easy-just-60-years-neoliberal-capitalism-has-nearly-broken-planet-earth)

Queally 15

Neg – TPP

Impact

Turns internet freedom (fragmentation + cloud computing)

TPP is key to maintaining internet freedom.

Ron Wyden 15, Senator in congress, 4-22-15, “Senator Ron Wyden: The Free Internet is a Global Priority,” http://www.wired.com/2015/04/senator-ron-wyden-free-internet-trade/

Wyden 15

1ar

Prolif DA

Impact Framing

Framing issue: They don’t have an external impact articulation and we control impact uniqueness. Case turns the DA not the other way around – their author says North Korea, not Japan is the most urgent challenge to nonproliferation norms – We read green

Graham Allison, 2010 (Director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard, Foreign Affairs, Jan-Feb. 10)

Allison, 2010

2NC

Counterplan

AT//Soft Power

No impact to soft power – believers exaggerate benefits

Gray 11 – Professor of International Politics and Strategic Studies at the University of Reading, England, (Colin S., April, “HARD POWER AND SOFT POWER: THE UTILITY OF MILITARY FORCE AS AN INSTRUMENT OF POLICY IN THE 21ST CENTURY.” Published by Strategic Studies Institute)

1NC

Econ ADV

AT: Emerging Tech Impact

No Impact — arms control treaties like the INF (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty), New START, ATT (Arms Trade Treaty), BWC (Biological Weapons Convention), and CWC (Chemical Weapons Convention) solve.

1NC

3

Court clog links

Court review maintains patent innovation—solves existential threat response.

Rando 16 (*Robert J. Rando: Founder and Lead Counsel of The Rando Law Firm P.C.; Fellow of the Academy of Court-Appointed Masters; Treasurer for the New York Intellectual Property Law Association; Chair of the Federal Bar Association Intellectual Property Law Section, June 2016, “America’s Need For Strong, Stable and Sound Intellectual Property Protection and Policies: Why It Really Matters,” IP Insight, https://randolawfirm.com/uploads/3/5/3/6/35367334/ip_insight.pdf)

Rando 16

Court Clog DA: 1NC

Court review maintains patent innovation—solves existential threat response.

Rando 16 (*Robert J. Rando: Founder and Lead Counsel of The Rando Law Firm P.C.; Fellow of the Academy of Court-Appointed Masters; Treasurer for the New York Intellectual Property Law Association; Chair of the Federal Bar Association Intellectual Property Law Section, June 2016, “America’s Need For Strong, Stable and Sound Intellectual Property Protection and Policies: Why It Really Matters,” IP Insight, https://randolawfirm.com/uploads/3/5/3/6/35367334/ip_insight.pdf)

Rando 16

Anthropocentrism Kritik

*** Speciesism Links***

The aff externalizes violence as a problem to be solved by human agency. – inherently speciesist.

Kochi and Ordan ‘08 [An argument for the global suicide of humanity borderlands, December]

Kochi and Ordan ‘08

Aff

Latin-American Relations Adv

Growth Impact

Latin America relations key to US economic growth

Zedillo et al 08 Commission Co-Chair for the Brookings Institute Report on the Partnership for the Americas and former President of Mexico [Ernesto Zedillo, Thomas R. Pickering, etc, Rethinking U.S.–Latin American Relations A Hemispheric Partnership for a Turbulent World. Report of the Partnership for the Americas Commission, The Brookings Institution, November 2008, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2008/11/24%20latin%20america%20partnership/1124_latin_america_partnership.PDF]

Zedillo et al 08 Commission Co-Chair for the Brookings Institute Report on the Partnership for the Americas and former President of Mexico

1NR

FW

Newman

Individual demands undermine state legitimacy

Saul Newman 10, Reader in Political Theory at Goldsmiths, U of London, Theory & Event Volume 13, Issue 2

Newman 10