Yusuf5/OpenCaselistLI · Datasets at Hugging Face

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2,837	230,355	2,940	LINKS and INTERNALS	Links	---Compliance Costs	Regulations create artificial costs – it’s a drag on the economy	James Hammerton 6-10-2011, (James is a research intern at Freedom Works, http://www.freedomworks.org/content/hidden-cost-regulation, “The Hidden Cost of Regulation”, Mtan)	Hammerton 6-10-2011	150,305	1	4,601	0
4,094	3,987,930	134,704	R1 Nationals	Case	Advantage 2	[6] US tech leadership solves every existential risk.	Ash Jain 19, senior fellow with the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security, where he oversees the Atlantic Council’s Democratic Order Initiative and D10 Strategy Forum; and Matthew Kroenig, deputy director for strategy in the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security and associate professor of government and foreign service at Georgetown University, 10/30/19, “Present at the Re-Creation: A Global Strategy for Revitalizing, Adapting, and Defending a Rules-Based International System,” https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Present-at-the-Recreation.pdf	Jain 19	1,628	690	3,399	1
7,080	3,667,378	122,650	1ar Round 1 ADA vs Kentucky BR	1ar CP – Nuclear	Impact D – Russia	Links to the net benefit – they have taken their aff on this topic and made it a CP – no matter how they explain it, they ARE a restriction on emissions -Their solvency ev says the CP makes nuclear valued FOR ITS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS – nuclear is MORE expensive than gas now – the CP forces nuclear to the top of the list for utility companies to buy which means the fossil fuel industry gets hurt AND energy prices spike – if they don’t mandate utilities buy nuclear, then they don’t solve b/c companies will keep using cheaper gas	null	null	1,520,877	1	null	1
7,341	3,934,912	132,231	null	null	2	The Aff’s deal avoids US-China war which destroys growth and escalates.	Wang 1/4, Director of the Center for Peace and Conflict Studies and an Associate Professor in the School of Diplomacy and International Relations at Seton Hall University, 1/4/2017, (Zheng, foreignpolicy.com/2017/01/04/trump-and-xi-need-a-time-out/)	Wang 1/4	84,114	21	3,038	0
6,697	1,805,978	53,115	1NR	Prolif DA	1NC – AT: AI	We don’t need to win Germany gets the bomb, the perception alone triggers war.	Kühn and Volpe 17 (Ulrich Kühn is a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and the head of the arms control and emerging technologies program at the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg. Tristan Volpe is an assistant professor in the Defense Analysis Department at the Naval Postgraduate School and a nonresident fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. “Keine Atombombe, Bitte: Why Germany Should Not Go Nuclear” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/germany/2017-06-13/keine-atombombe-bitte)sw	Kühn and Volpe 17 , Bitte: Why Germany Should Not Go Nuclear” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/germany/2017-06-13/keine-atombombe-bitte)sw	16,471	88	1,285	1
9,319	3,537,352	117,114	1NR	Mids	at too soon	Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout	Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/	Enten 17	1,454,734	49	4,673	0
3,570	3,532,529	117,141	2NC	Midterms	AT Too Soon/Other Issues	Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout	Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/	Enten 17	1,454,734	49	4,673	0
3,576	3,530,796	117,073	1NR	Mids	DA	Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout	Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/	Enten 17	1,454,734	49	4,673	0
3,587	3,540,613	117,109	1NR	mids	HC Key	Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout	Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/	Enten 17	1,454,734	49	4,673	0
3,590	3,541,801	117,093	1NR	Mids	AT: Too soon	Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout	Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/	Enten 17	1,454,734	49	4,673	0
3,701	3,536,717	117,088	1NR	Entitlements	AT Too Soon/Other Issues	Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout	Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/	Enten 17	1,454,734	49	4,673	0
3,720	3,519,169	116,529	1NR	Midterms	AT: MT Illogical	Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout	Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/	Enten 17	1,454,734	49	4,680	0
5,521	4,011,653	135,716	1NC versus Harker RM	Case	1NC – Ontology	1) That drives exist doesn’t imply that they are totalizing---psychological processes are internally diffuse and contradictory	Adrian Johnston 5, Philosophy Professor @ University of New Mexico, Time Driven: Metapsychology and the Splitting of the Drive, Northwestern University Press, Jul 27, 2005, pg. 340-341	Johnston 5	16,832	315	3,821	1
1,828	2,568,386	82,590	1NC	Adv 2	null	They’ll circumvent with cyber attacks.	Dobos and Prazak 19—(Dobos – PHD in poly sci at Charles University in Czechia). Dobos, Bohumil, and Jakub Prazak. 2019. “To Clear or to Eliminate? Active Debris Removal Systems as Antisatellite Weapons.” Space Policy 47 (February): 217–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2019.01.007.	Dobos and Prazak 19	1,240,976	272	1,831	1
9,866	3,998,503	135,077	null	OFF	1NC – T	Topical version of the aff – ban microgravity station – their Kulu card concedes the labs are either on shuttles, on government property, or both. Kulu 18 [Harker reads yellow.]	Kulu(Factories in space, Medicine and drugs, Erik Kulu 2018-2021, Manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs in low orbit https://www.factoriesinspace.com/medicine-and-drugs)	Kulu(Factories in space, Medicine and drugs, Erik Kulu 2018-2021, Manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs in low orbit https://www.factoriesinspace.com/medicine-and-drugs	336,413	15	3,028	1
7,935	556,466	8,289	null	OFF	1NC – T [Long]	Topical version of the aff – ban microgravity station – their Kulu card concedes the labs are either on shuttles, on government property, or both. Kulu 18 [Harker reads yellow.]	Kulu(Factories in space, Medicine and drugs, Erik Kulu 2018-2021, Manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs in low orbit https://www.factoriesinspace.com/medicine-and-drugs)	Kulu(Factories in space, Medicine and drugs, Erik Kulu 2018-2021, Manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs in low orbit https://www.factoriesinspace.com/medicine-and-drugs	336,413	15	3,028	1
356	265,753	3,353	null	*Links*	China “Economic Power” Discourse Link	Their representations of Chinese economic power reproduce neoliberalism – attributing economic influence to the Chinese state misdiagnoses the structure of neoliberal globalization and encourages China bashing and conflict	Pan ‘14 (Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Politics @ Deakin U., Australia, “Rethinking Chinese Power: A Conceptual Corrective to the “Power Shift” Narrative” Asian Perspective 38, pp. 396-400)	Pan ‘14	164,870	12	12,049	0
1,442	3,685,371	123,079	null	null	Advantage 1 is the Economy	US economic strength key to avoid global recession	Lachman, 8/18	Lachman, 8/18	14,607	52	2,890	1
7,340	3,678,974	123,214	null	null	Advantage 1 is Electricity	US economic strength key to avoid global recession	Lachman, 8/18	Lachman, 8/18	14,607	52	2,890	1
7,344	3,680,635	123,120	null	null	Advantage 1 is the Economy	US economic strength key to avoid global recession	Lachman, 8/18	Lachman, 8/18	14,607	52	2,890	1
8,259	3,680,276	123,190	null	null	Advantage 1 is Electricity	US economic strength key to avoid global recession	Lachman, 8/18	Lachman, 8/18	14,607	52	2,890	1
1,159	2,109,249	63,252	null	null	null	Debasement of the will produces metaphysical destruction of the self via nihilistic ressentiment	Gilles Deleuze Nietzsche and Philosophy. Columbia University Press., 1985 2. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/nietzsche-and-philosophy/9780231138772 // sosa	Deleuze 2	80,937	69	5,818	1
1,233	2,108,144	63,198	null	null	null	Debasement of the will produces metaphysical destruction of the self via nihilistic ressentiment	Gilles Deleuze Nietzsche and Philosophy. Columbia University Press., 1985 2. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/nietzsche-and-philosophy/9780231138772 // sosa	Deleuze 2	80,937	69	5,818	1
1,236	2,108,514	63,218	null	null	null	Debasement of the will produces metaphysical destruction of the self via nihilistic ressentiment	Gilles Deleuze Nietzsche and Philosophy. Columbia University Press., 1985 2. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/nietzsche-and-philosophy/9780231138772 // sosa	Deleuze 2	80,937	69	5,818	1
3,817	2,109,909	63,280	null	null	null	Debasement of the will produces metaphysical destruction of the self via nihilistic ressentiment	Gilles Deleuze Nietzsche and Philosophy. Columbia University Press., 1985 2. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/nietzsche-and-philosophy/9780231138772 // sosa	Deleuze 2	80,937	69	5,818	1
5,628	1,398,379	37,414	null	2nc	cp	C. Resolved – they sever the certainty of increased ocean exploration/development	OED 89 (Oxford English Dictionary, “Resolved,” Volume 13, p. 725)	OED 89	6,335	67	75	1
8,534	1,143,087	28,084	Block	Case	1NR – Case	Framing settler colonialism through a totalizing lens of [absolute non-engagement with the state] makes indigenous liberation impossible by setting the terms of victory as all-or-nothing --- pessimism actively reifies settler dominance	Busbridge 18 Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)	Busbridge 18 Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)	22,868	653	9,305	0
3,740	1,608,358	46,932	1ac	null	null	Settler colonialism requires the elimination of indigenous life and land via the occupation of settlers. The appropriation of land turns Natives into ghosts and chattel slaves into excess labor.	Tuck and Yang 12, (Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40, JKS)	Tuck and Yang 12 , State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40, JKS)	37,296	705	7,552	0
3,502	1,494,845	42,092	penn r2 aff	null	null	Settler colonialism requires the elimination of indigenous life and land via the occupation of settlers. The appropriation of land turns Natives into ghosts and chattel slaves into excess labor.	Tuck and Yang 12, (Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40, JKS)	Tuck and Yang 12	37,296	705	7,552	0
3,495	2,249,157	70,122	1AC	Advantage: Nuclear War	null	Third, autonomous nuke systems increase US-Russia tensions	Laird 20 Burgess Laird, 6-2-2020, "The Risks of Autonomous Weapons Systems for Crisis Stability and Conflict Escalation in Future US-Russia Confrontations," Russia Matters, https://russiamatters.org/analysis/risks-autonomous-weapons-systems-crisis-stability-and-conflict-escalation-future-us-russia	Laird 20	1,650,790	796	1,196	1
5,221	2,643,584	84,117	null	Posture	1NC	Banning destruction of orbital targets does nothing---ASATs can be completely tested and deployed using only sub-orbital tests---that includes high-altitude ASATs that hit geosynchronous satellites---the plan is like banning ASAT tests on Tuesdays and thinking that means they wouldn’t be used on Thursdays---shreds the value of the plan’s norm	Mark A. Gubrud 14, physicist and adjunct professor in the Peace, War and Defense curriculum at the University of North Carolina, 8/13/14, “An “ASAT Test Ban” is Not Arms Control,” http://gubrud.net/?p=355	Gubrud 14	1,095,372	48	7,148	0
2,544	2,606,857	83,957	2nc	solvency	2nc – solvency	Banning destruction of orbital targets does nothing---ASATs can be completely tested and deployed using only sub-orbital tests---that includes high-altitude ASATs that hit geosynchronous satellites---the plan is like banning ASAT tests on Tuesdays and thinking that means they wouldn’t be used on Thursdays---shreds the value of the plan’s norm	Mark A. Gubrud 14, physicist and adjunct professor in the Peace, War and Defense curriculum at the University of North Carolina, 8/13/14, “An “ASAT Test Ban” is Not Arms Control,” http://gubrud.net/?p=355	Gubrud 14	1,095,372	48	7,148	0
3,076	2,614,803	83,198	Case	Solvency	Solvency---BMD Testing---2NC	Banning destruction of orbital targets does nothing---ASATs can be completely tested and deployed using only sub-orbital tests---that includes high-altitude ASATs that hit geosynchronous satellites---the plan is like banning ASAT tests on Tuesdays and thinking that means they wouldn’t be used on Thursdays---shreds the value of the plan’s norm	Mark A. Gubrud 14, physicist and adjunct professor in the Peace, War and Defense curriculum at the University of North Carolina, 8/13/14, “An “ASAT Test Ban” is Not Arms Control,” http://gubrud.net/?p=355	Gubrud 14	1,095,372	48	7,148	0
3,078	2,644,702	84,019	1NC Round 6	Case	2	Banning destruction of orbital targets does nothing---ASATs can be completely tested and deployed using only sub-orbital tests---that includes high-altitude ASATs that hit geosynchronous satellites---the plan is like banning ASAT tests on Tuesdays and thinking that means they wouldn’t be used on Thursdays---shreds the value of the plan’s norm	Mark A. Gubrud 14, physicist and adjunct professor in the Peace, War and Defense curriculum at the University of North Carolina, 8/13/14, “An “ASAT Test Ban” is Not Arms Control,” http://gubrud.net/?p=355	Gubrud 14	1,095,372	48	7,148	0
5,294	962,254	23,333	1NC	Block	1NR	2. The second cross-ex explanation was about how they don’t like Emory---making the personal into the political is bad---it delimits politics to the aff team and shuts down structural change.	Joan SCOTT 92 Harold F. Linder Professor at the School of Social Science in the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton [“Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity” October Summer p. 16-19]	SCOTT 92	51,088	91	5,794	0
9,677	2,795,612	88,540	1ar – quarters	Japan assurances	1ar – Resilient	3---Relations are resilient	Khzmalyan 19 — Erik Khzmalyan (senior fellow at the Eurasian Research and Analysis Institute, specializes in US foreign policy, national security, and defense strategy, MA in Statecraft and National Security Affairs from The Institute of World Politics in Washington, DC), 7-17-2019, "The Enduring Legacy of US-Japan Alliance," Providence, https://providencemag.com/2019/07/enduring-legacy-us-japan-alliance/	Khzmalyan 19	65,429	50	6,511	0
5,365	302,325	3,868	Neg	Internal Links	A2: Economy Outweighs	Stances on terrorism trump econ	Ariel Edwards, Huffington post reporter-Levy Become A Fan, 3-5-2015, "Americans Expect The 2016 Elections To Focus On Foreign Policy," Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/05/2016-foreign-policy-poll_n_6811176.html)//GV	Edwards 3-5 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/05/2016-foreign-policy-poll_n_6811176.html)//GV	193,473	2	551	0
8,201	1,769,510	52,080	1NC	Case---Elites	1NC---Paper Tiger	Deterrence high now	*This ev. Cites a lottttt of experts and majority go NEG	null	10,453	94	13,617	0
8,269	1,771,351	52,098	1NC	Adv. 1	1NC---Paper Tiger	Deterrence high now	*This ev. Cites a lottttt of experts and majority go NEG	null	10,453	94	13,617	0
5,848	1,813,827	53,309	null	Ukraine Adv	1NC: Deterrence	Deterrence high now	Paul Taylor et al., 1-31-2019, [PAUL TAYLOR CONTRIBUTING EDITOR AT POLITICO EUROPE AND SENIOR FELLOW AT FRIENDS OF EUROPE, JAN TECHAUSENIOR FELLOW AND DIRECTOR OF THE EUROPE PROGRAM AT THE GERMAN MARSHAL FUND OF THE UNITED STATES, JULIAN LINDLEY-FRENCHMEMBER OF THE GEORGE C. MARSHALL CENTRE-MUNICH SECURITY CONFERENCE U.S.-GERMAN LOISACH GROUP, SENIOR FELLOW AT THE INSTITUTE FOR STATECRAFT IN LONDON, DIRECTOR OF EUROPA ANALYTICA IN THE NETHERLANDS, DISTINGUISHED VISITING RESEARCH FELLOW AT THE NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY IN WASHINGTON, AND A FELLOW OF THE CANADIAN GLOBAL AFFAIRS INSTITUTE, ULRIKE FRANKEPOLICY FELLOW AT THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS NATO, ELISABETH BRAWASSOCIATE FELLOW, MODERN DETERRENCE – MILITARY SCIENCES AT THE ROYAL UNITED SERVICES INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE AND SECURITY STUDIES, MAJORSENIOR ASSOCIATE FOR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AT THE GERMAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND SECURITY AFFAIRS (SWP) NATO, ANDREW A. MICHTADEAN OF THE COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL AND SECURITY STUDIES AT THE GEORGE C. MARSHALL EUROPEAN CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES], "Judy Asks: Is NATO Deterrence a Paper Tiger?," Carnegie Europe, https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/78254, Xoxo 9/20/2020	Taylor et al. 19	10,453	94	12,408	0
5,900	1,768,954	52,070	1NC	Advantage 3- Elites	1NC---Paper Tiger	Deterrence high now	*This ev. Cites a lottttt of experts and majority go NEG	null	10,453	94	13,617	0
5,948	1,703,401	50,675	null	Adv. 1	1NC – NATO Cohesion DA	Deterrence high now	*This ev. Cites a lottttt of experts and majority go NEG	null	10,453	94	13,617	0
2,800	1,036,557	25,079	1NC	null	OFF	The AFF doesn’t increase the scope – revoking regulatory immunity increases regulation which decreases antitrust.	Brunell 12 [Richard M. Brunell, Director of Legal Advocacy, American Antitrust Institute, Washington, D.C. “In Regulators We Trust: The Supreme Court's New Approach to Implied Antitrust Immunity,” 2012, Antitrust Law Journal, Vol. 78, HeinOnline, EA]	Brunell 12	502,199	3	1,052	0
418	916,140	22,290	1NC	1NC — Off	1NC — T	3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable	Waller & Morse 20, John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)	Waller 20	330,121	100	4,908	0
647	914,000	22,242	1NC	1NC — Off	1NC — T	3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable	Waller & Morse 20, John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)	Waller 20	330,121	100	4,908	0
665	925,110	22,493	1nc Shirley Round 5	off	1nc – off	3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable	Waller & Morse 20, John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)	Waller 20	330,121	100	4,908	0
7,379	3,958,245	133,851	1NC	1NC — Off	1NC — T	3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable	Waller & Morse 20, John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)	Waller 20	330,121	100	4,908	0
9,365	925,045	22,494	null	OFF	1NC — T	3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable	Waller & Morse 20, John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)	Waller 20	330,121	100	4,908	0
9,366	924,776	22,474	1NC	OFF	1NC — T	3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable	Waller & Morse 20, John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)	Waller 20	330,121	100	4,908	0
9,403	913,338	22,227	1NC	OFF	1NC — T — USFG	3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable	Waller & Morse 20, John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)	Waller 20	330,121	100	4,908	0
3,374	3,154,079	102,401	1AR	Assurance DA---General	1AR---Impact OV	China NFU abandonment causes East Asian prolif---only the plan creates total disarmament	Zhenqiang Pan 18, chairman of the China Foundation for International Studies, senior adviser to the China Reform Forum and director of research at the Institute for Strategy and Management of the Central University of Finance and Economics in China, 05-14-18, "A Study of China’s No-First-Use Policy on Nuclear Weapons," Journal for Peace and Nucelar Disarmament, Vol. 1, Iss. 1 pp. 115-136, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2018.1458415	Pan 18	1,303,293	16	2,260	1
8,520	3,154,024	102,401	2AC	Assurance DA	China NFU/Prolif A/O	China NFU abandonment causes East Asian prolif---only the plan creates total disarmament	Zhenqiang Pan 18, chairman of the China Foundation for International Studies, senior adviser to the China Reform Forum and director of research at the Institute for Strategy and Management of the Central University of Finance and Economics in China, 05-14-18, "A Study of China’s No-First-Use Policy on Nuclear Weapons," Journal for Peace and Nucelar Disarmament, Vol. 1, Iss. 1 pp. 115-136, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2018.1458415	Pan 18	1,303,293	16	2,260	1
5,624	2,614,422	83,192	null	null	2	You should default to a universal theory of labor and capital – anything else foregoes the attempts to generate politics at the level of the global	Srnicek and Williams 15 [Nick Srnicek, lecturer at City University London, and Alex Williams, lecturer at City University London. Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work.]	Srnicek and Williams 15	98,903	142	5,221	0
2,869	2,597,505	83,130	null	null	2	You should default to a universal theory of labor and capital – anything else foregoes the attempts to generate politics at the level of the global	Srnicek and Williams 15 [Nick Srnicek, lecturer at City University London, and Alex Williams, lecturer at City University London. Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work.]	Srnicek and Williams 15	98,903	142	5,221	0
8,748	302,107	3,869	Security Links	null	at: schmitt’s a nazi	Which leads to infinite war	null	null	193,462	1	null	0
5,611	2,752,927	105,708	1NC 10-7	US Leadership	1nc – nukes	Guarantees Russia and China nuke wars	Safak Oguz 16, PhD, Security Expert at the International Strategic and Security Research Center @ USGAM, “CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?”, http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/391828	Oguz 16	373,892	222	1,447	1
5,752	2,755,504	105,722	1NC Michigan Octas	Hegemony	1nc – nukes	Guarantees Russia and China nuke wars	Safak Oguz 16, PhD, Security Expert at the International Strategic and Security Research Center @ USGAM, “CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?”, http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/391828	Oguz 16	373,892	222	1,447	1
5,834	2,839,500	105,736	1NC 10-7	Targeting	1nc – nukes	Guarantees Russia and China nuke wars	Safak Oguz 16, PhD, Security Expert at the International Strategic and Security Research Center @ USGAM, “CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?”, http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/391828	Oguz 16	373,892	222	1,447	1
5,907	2,865,112	105,776	vs. HSI	Tech Leadership	1nc – nukes	Guarantees Russia and China nuke wars	Safak Oguz 16, PhD, Security Expert at the International Strategic and Security Research Center @ USGAM, “CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?”, http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/391828	Oguz 16	373,892	222	1,447	1
1,024	2,857,095	105,752	1NC vs. HSI	Tech Leadership	1nc – nukes	Guarantees Russia and China nuke wars	Safak Oguz 16, PhD, Security Expert at the International Strategic and Security Research Center @ USGAM, “CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?”, http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/391828	Oguz 16	373,892	222	1,447	1
8,312	3,637,990	121,447	null	1AC	1AC – Underview	Tactical reform is vital for material change – abstraction is the right-wing’s plan working. CONDIT IN 15.	Condit 15 [Celeste, Distinguished Research Professor of Communication Studies at the University of Georgia, “Multi-Layered Trajectories for Academic Contributions to Social Change,” Feb 4, 2015, Quarterly Journal of Speech, Volume 101, Issue 1, 2015]	Condit 15	14,604	692	2,994	0
2,940	3,092,117	100,923	2AC	Assurance	Assurance DA---2AC	ROK won’t prolif	Nick Ritchie 18. Lecturer in International Security at the University of York. 2018. “Reducing the Role of Nuclear Weapons in North East Asia.” Research Report. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/130021/1/FINAL_Hiroshima_Ritchie_2018.pdf	Ritchie 18	773,729	25	4,505	1
2,585	3,085,707	100,773	2AC	OFF	AT: ROK Prolif	ROK won’t prolif	Nick Ritchie 18. Lecturer in International Security at the University of York. 2018. “Reducing the Role of Nuclear Weapons in North East Asia.” Research Report. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/130021/1/FINAL_Hiroshima_Ritchie_2018.pdf	Ritchie 18	773,729	25	4,505	1
2,719	4,054,715	138,567	Adv 1	Adv 2	Turkey Russia DA	ROK won’t prolif	Nick Ritchie 18. Lecturer in International Security at the University of York. 2018. “Reducing the Role of Nuclear Weapons in North East Asia.” Research Report. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/130021/1/FINAL_Hiroshima_Ritchie_2018.pdf	Ritchie 18	773,729	25	4,505	1
4,735	3,080,681	100,759	block	adv 1	2nc – deterrence high	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
4,742	3,148,208	102,161	Kentucky Round 5 – Minnesota FJ Neg vs Harvard CM	1NC	Commitment Trap	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
4,750	3,149,365	106,054	1NC	Quantum	null	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	8,569	0
4,817	2,814,615	89,053	null	null	Solvency	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,802	0
4,868	3,039,893	99,483	2NC	Deterrence	2NC A2: 2018 NPR	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,791	0
4,891	3,074,723	100,364	null	Strat Stab	China	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
4,927	3,133,566	102,020	Speech 1NR Round 3 ADA 3-9 9AM	Crises	2nc – SQ det solves	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,792	0
1,937	3,135,417	102,015	1nr	Case	Deterrence	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18 , https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,883	3,137,604	102,192	2nc	Deterrence	null	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,672	3,039,888	99,483	2NC	Deterrence	2NC A2: 2018 NPR	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,791	0
2,681	3,040,251	99,533	1NR	Assurances	Conv war – Russia	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,692	3,044,882	99,612	Block	2NC	Case	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,696	3,069,202	100,159	Block	China DA	1NR Deterrence UQ	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,709	3,143,829	102,046	Kentucky Round 2 – Minnesota FJ Neg vs Indiana AD	1NC	Deterrence Adv	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,710	3,173,622	102,701	1NR-Samford WE-Rd 2	Baltics	AT Deterrence	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,792	0
2,729	3,203,998	103,793	1nc	case	adv 1	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,791	0
2,741	3,210,813	103,864	1NC	case	adv 1	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,791	0
2,774	3,131,944	102,040	UMW Round 7 – Minnesota FJ Neg vs Navy GL	1NC	Crisis Stability	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,803	3,189,244	103,249	Kentucky Round 7 – Minnesota FJ Neg vs UT Dallas BM	1NC	Escalation	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,857	3,042,936	99,546	null	Block	Case	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,791	0
2,860	3,043,273	99,631	1NC	NPR	2NC A2: 2018 NPR	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,801	0
2,875	3,075,953	100,240	Block	Deterrence	New NPR Solves Deterrence	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,888	3,082,465	100,739	1nc	miscalc	npr	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,906	3,126,869	101,772	2NC	Case	2nc - SQ det. high	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,792	0
2,916	3,145,189	102,114	Georgetown Round 7 – Minnesota FJ Neg vs Harvard RS	1NC	Deterrence	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
2,690	1,759,231	51,885	North Korea: 2NC	Deterrence – adv one	Deterrence O: Deterrence High—2NC	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	9,793	0
1,646	3,043,317	99,631	Block	Case	A2: NPR	The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.	Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)	Rühle 18	384,105	113	4,846	0
3,581	2,482,313	80,518	null	Impeachment	AT: No Lashout---Lupton	GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal	Stephen M. Walt 10-7. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/	Walt 10-7	1,095,069	64	1,294	1
3,617	2,472,464	80,337	2NC	Politics DA	AT: No Div War---2NC	GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal	Stephen M. Walt 19. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/	Walt 19	1,095,069	64	1,294	1
3,702	2,803,741	88,880	1NR	Impeachment PTX DA	Yes Diversionary War---2NC	GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal	Stephen M. Walt 19. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/	Walt 19	1,095,069	64	1,294	1
5,315	2,474,279	80,369	null	Politics	AT: No Lash Out	GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal	Stephen M. Walt 10-7. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/	Walt 10-7	1,095,069	64	1,294	1
5,336	2,476,276	80,408	1NR	Politics DA	AT: Iran = Empirically Denied---2NC	GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal	Stephen M. Walt 19. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/	Walt 19	1,095,069	64	1,294	1
2,939	2,479,152	80,457	1NR	DA	AT: No Lashout	GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal	Stephen M. Walt 10-7. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/	Walt 10-7	1,095,069	64	1,294	1
2,940	2,480,479	80,484	2NC	Politics DA	AT: Iran now	GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal	Stephen M. Walt 10-7. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/	Walt 10-7	1,095,069	64	1,294	1
2,959	2,802,246	88,881	1NR	Impeachment PTX DA	Yes Diversionary War---2NC	GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal	Stephen M. Walt 19. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/	Walt 19	1,095,069	64	1,294	1
2,006	2,802,503	88,814	1NR	*REMOVAL DA*	Yes Diversionary War---2NC	GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal	Stephen M. Walt 19. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/	Walt 19	1,095,069	64	1,294	1

2,837

230,355

2,940

LINKS and INTERNALS

Links

---Compliance Costs

Regulations create artificial costs – it’s a drag on the economy

James Hammerton 6-10-2011, (James is a research intern at Freedom Works, http://www.freedomworks.org/content/hidden-cost-regulation, “The Hidden Cost of Regulation”, Mtan)

Hammerton 6-10-2011

150,305

1

4,601

0

4,094

3,987,930

134,704

R1 Nationals

Case

Advantage 2

[6] US tech leadership solves every existential risk.

Ash Jain 19, senior fellow with the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security, where he oversees the Atlantic Council’s Democratic Order Initiative and D10 Strategy Forum; and Matthew Kroenig, deputy director for strategy in the Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security and associate professor of government and foreign service at Georgetown University, 10/30/19, “Present at the Re-Creation: A Global Strategy for Revitalizing, Adapting, and Defending a Rules-Based International System,” https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Present-at-the-Recreation.pdf

Jain 19

1,628

690

3,399

1

7,080

3,667,378

122,650

1ar Round 1 ADA vs Kentucky BR

1ar CP – Nuclear

Impact D – Russia

Links to the net benefit – they have taken their aff on this topic and made it a CP – no matter how they explain it, they ARE a restriction on emissions -Their solvency ev says the CP makes nuclear valued FOR ITS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS – nuclear is MORE expensive than gas now – the CP forces nuclear to the top of the list for utility companies to buy which means the fossil fuel industry gets hurt AND energy prices spike – if they don’t mandate utilities buy nuclear, then they don’t solve b/c companies will keep using cheaper gas

null

1,520,877

1

null

1

7,341

3,934,912

132,231

null

2

The Aff’s deal avoids US-China war which destroys growth and escalates.

Wang 1/4, Director of the Center for Peace and Conflict Studies and an Associate Professor in the School of Diplomacy and International Relations at Seton Hall University, 1/4/2017, (Zheng, foreignpolicy.com/2017/01/04/trump-and-xi-need-a-time-out/)

Wang 1/4

84,114

21

3,038

0

6,697

1,805,978

53,115

1NR

Prolif DA

1NC – AT: AI

We don’t need to win Germany gets the bomb, the perception alone triggers war.

Kühn and Volpe 17 (Ulrich Kühn is a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and the head of the arms control and emerging technologies program at the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg. Tristan Volpe is an assistant professor in the Defense Analysis Department at the Naval Postgraduate School and a nonresident fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. “Keine Atombombe, Bitte: Why Germany Should Not Go Nuclear” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/germany/2017-06-13/keine-atombombe-bitte)sw

Kühn and Volpe 17 , Bitte: Why Germany Should Not Go Nuclear” https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/germany/2017-06-13/keine-atombombe-bitte)sw

16,471

88

1,285

1

9,319

3,537,352

117,114

1NR

Mids

at too soon

Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout

Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/

Enten 17

1,454,734

49

4,673

0

3,570

3,532,529

117,141

2NC

Midterms

AT Too Soon/Other Issues

Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout

Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/

Enten 17

1,454,734

49

4,673

0

3,576

3,530,796

117,073

1NR

Mids

DA

Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout

Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/

Enten 17

1,454,734

49

4,673

0

3,587

3,540,613

117,109

1NR

mids

HC Key

Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout

Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/

Enten 17

1,454,734

49

4,673

0

3,590

3,541,801

117,093

1NR

Mids

AT: Too soon

Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout

Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/

Enten 17

1,454,734

49

4,673

0

3,701

3,536,717

117,088

1NR

Entitlements

AT Too Soon/Other Issues

Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout

Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/

Enten 17

1,454,734

49

4,673

0

3,720

3,519,169

116,529

1NR

Midterms

AT: MT Illogical

Not too soon and no other issues outweigh -- Health care anger is durable and a good predictor of ultimate voter enthusiasm and turnout

Harry Enten 17, senior political writer and analyst for FiveThirtyEight, 3/22/17, “This Health Care Bill May Haunt The GOP,” https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/this-health-care-bill-may-haunt-the-gop/

Enten 17

1,454,734

49

4,680

0

5,521

4,011,653

135,716

1NC versus Harker RM

Case

1NC – Ontology

1) That drives exist doesn’t imply that they are totalizing---psychological processes are internally diffuse and contradictory

Adrian Johnston 5, Philosophy Professor @ University of New Mexico, Time Driven: Metapsychology and the Splitting of the Drive, Northwestern University Press, Jul 27, 2005, pg. 340-341

Johnston 5

16,832

315

3,821

1

1,828

2,568,386

82,590

1NC

Adv 2

null

They’ll circumvent with cyber attacks.

Dobos and Prazak 19—(Dobos – PHD in poly sci at Charles University in Czechia). Dobos, Bohumil, and Jakub Prazak. 2019. “To Clear or to Eliminate? Active Debris Removal Systems as Antisatellite Weapons.” Space Policy 47 (February): 217–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2019.01.007.

Dobos and Prazak 19

1,240,976

272

1,831

1

9,866

3,998,503

135,077

null

OFF

1NC – T

Topical version of the aff – ban microgravity station – their Kulu card concedes the labs are either on shuttles, on government property, or both. Kulu 18 [Harker reads yellow.]

Kulu(Factories in space, Medicine and drugs, Erik Kulu 2018-2021, Manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs in low orbit https://www.factoriesinspace.com/medicine-and-drugs)

Kulu(Factories in space, Medicine and drugs, Erik Kulu 2018-2021, Manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs in low orbit https://www.factoriesinspace.com/medicine-and-drugs

336,413

15

3,028

1

7,935

556,466

8,289

null

OFF

1NC – T [Long]

Topical version of the aff – ban microgravity station – their Kulu card concedes the labs are either on shuttles, on government property, or both. Kulu 18 [Harker reads yellow.]

Kulu(Factories in space, Medicine and drugs, Erik Kulu 2018-2021, Manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs in low orbit https://www.factoriesinspace.com/medicine-and-drugs)

Kulu(Factories in space, Medicine and drugs, Erik Kulu 2018-2021, Manufacturing of pharmaceutical drugs in low orbit https://www.factoriesinspace.com/medicine-and-drugs

336,413

15

3,028

1

356

265,753

3,353

null

***Links***

China “Economic Power” Discourse Link

Their representations of Chinese economic power reproduce neoliberalism – attributing economic influence to the Chinese state misdiagnoses the structure of neoliberal globalization and encourages China bashing and conflict

Pan ‘14 (Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Politics @ Deakin U., Australia, “Rethinking Chinese Power: A Conceptual Corrective to the “Power Shift” Narrative” Asian Perspective 38, pp. 396-400)

Pan ‘14

164,870

12

12,049

0

1,442

3,685,371

123,079

null

Advantage 1 is the Economy

US economic strength key to avoid global recession

Lachman, 8/18

14,607

52

2,890

1

7,340

3,678,974

123,214

null

Advantage 1 is Electricity

US economic strength key to avoid global recession

Lachman, 8/18

14,607

52

2,890

1

7,344

3,680,635

123,120

null

Advantage 1 is the Economy

US economic strength key to avoid global recession

Lachman, 8/18

14,607

52

2,890

1

8,259

3,680,276

123,190

null

Advantage 1 is Electricity

US economic strength key to avoid global recession

Lachman, 8/18

14,607

52

2,890

1

1,159

2,109,249

63,252

null

Debasement of the will produces metaphysical destruction of the self via nihilistic ressentiment

Gilles Deleuze Nietzsche and Philosophy. Columbia University Press., 1985 2. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/nietzsche-and-philosophy/9780231138772 // sosa

Deleuze 2

80,937

69

5,818

1

1,233

2,108,144

63,198

null

Debasement of the will produces metaphysical destruction of the self via nihilistic ressentiment

Gilles Deleuze Nietzsche and Philosophy. Columbia University Press., 1985 2. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/nietzsche-and-philosophy/9780231138772 // sosa

Deleuze 2

80,937

69

5,818

1

1,236

2,108,514

63,218

null

Debasement of the will produces metaphysical destruction of the self via nihilistic ressentiment

Gilles Deleuze Nietzsche and Philosophy. Columbia University Press., 1985 2. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/nietzsche-and-philosophy/9780231138772 // sosa

Deleuze 2

80,937

69

5,818

1

3,817

2,109,909

63,280

null

Debasement of the will produces metaphysical destruction of the self via nihilistic ressentiment

Gilles Deleuze Nietzsche and Philosophy. Columbia University Press., 1985 2. https://cup.columbia.edu/book/nietzsche-and-philosophy/9780231138772 // sosa

Deleuze 2

80,937

69

5,818

1

5,628

1,398,379

37,414

null

2nc

cp

C. Resolved – they sever the certainty of increased ocean exploration/development

OED 89 (Oxford English Dictionary, “Resolved,” Volume 13, p. 725)

OED 89

6,335

67

75

1

8,534

1,143,087

28,084

Block

Case

1NR – Case

Framing settler colonialism through a totalizing lens of [absolute non-engagement with the state] makes indigenous liberation impossible by setting the terms of victory as all-or-nothing --- pessimism actively reifies settler dominance

Busbridge 18 Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)

22,868

653

9,305

0

3,740

1,608,358

46,932

1ac

null

Settler colonialism requires the elimination of indigenous life and land via the occupation of settlers. The appropriation of land turns Natives into ghosts and chattel slaves into excess labor.

Tuck and Yang 12, (Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40, JKS)

Tuck and Yang 12 , State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40, JKS)

37,296

705

7,552

0

3,502

1,494,845

42,092

penn r2 aff

null

Settler colonialism requires the elimination of indigenous life and land via the occupation of settlers. The appropriation of land turns Natives into ghosts and chattel slaves into excess labor.

Tuck and Yang 12, (Eve Tuck, Unangax, State University of New York at New Paltz K. Wayne Yang University of California, San Diego, Decolonization is not a metaphor, Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society Vol. 1, No. 1, 2012, pp. 1-40, JKS)

Tuck and Yang 12

37,296

705

7,552

0

3,495

2,249,157

70,122

1AC

Advantage: Nuclear War

null

Third, autonomous nuke systems increase US-Russia tensions

Laird 20 Burgess Laird, 6-2-2020, "The Risks of Autonomous Weapons Systems for Crisis Stability and Conflict Escalation in Future US-Russia Confrontations," Russia Matters, https://russiamatters.org/analysis/risks-autonomous-weapons-systems-crisis-stability-and-conflict-escalation-future-us-russia

Laird 20

1,650,790

796

1,196

1

5,221

2,643,584

84,117

null

Posture

1NC

Banning destruction of orbital targets does nothing---ASATs can be completely tested and deployed using only sub-orbital tests---that includes high-altitude ASATs that hit geosynchronous satellites---the plan is like banning ASAT tests on Tuesdays and thinking that means they wouldn’t be used on Thursdays---shreds the value of the plan’s norm

Mark A. Gubrud 14, physicist and adjunct professor in the Peace, War and Defense curriculum at the University of North Carolina, 8/13/14, “An “ASAT Test Ban” is Not Arms Control,” http://gubrud.net/?p=355

Gubrud 14

1,095,372

48

7,148

0

2,544

2,606,857

83,957

2nc

solvency

2nc – solvency

Banning destruction of orbital targets does nothing---ASATs can be completely tested and deployed using only sub-orbital tests---that includes high-altitude ASATs that hit geosynchronous satellites---the plan is like banning ASAT tests on Tuesdays and thinking that means they wouldn’t be used on Thursdays---shreds the value of the plan’s norm

Mark A. Gubrud 14, physicist and adjunct professor in the Peace, War and Defense curriculum at the University of North Carolina, 8/13/14, “An “ASAT Test Ban” is Not Arms Control,” http://gubrud.net/?p=355

Gubrud 14

1,095,372

48

7,148

0

3,076

2,614,803

83,198

Case

Solvency

Solvency---BMD Testing---2NC

Banning destruction of orbital targets does nothing---ASATs can be completely tested and deployed using only sub-orbital tests---that includes high-altitude ASATs that hit geosynchronous satellites---the plan is like banning ASAT tests on Tuesdays and thinking that means they wouldn’t be used on Thursdays---shreds the value of the plan’s norm

Mark A. Gubrud 14, physicist and adjunct professor in the Peace, War and Defense curriculum at the University of North Carolina, 8/13/14, “An “ASAT Test Ban” is Not Arms Control,” http://gubrud.net/?p=355

Gubrud 14

1,095,372

48

7,148

0

3,078

2,644,702

84,019

1NC Round 6

Case

2

Banning destruction of orbital targets does nothing---ASATs can be completely tested and deployed using only sub-orbital tests---that includes high-altitude ASATs that hit geosynchronous satellites---the plan is like banning ASAT tests on Tuesdays and thinking that means they wouldn’t be used on Thursdays---shreds the value of the plan’s norm

Mark A. Gubrud 14, physicist and adjunct professor in the Peace, War and Defense curriculum at the University of North Carolina, 8/13/14, “An “ASAT Test Ban” is Not Arms Control,” http://gubrud.net/?p=355

Gubrud 14

1,095,372

48

7,148

0

5,294

962,254

23,333

1NC

Block

1NR

2. The second cross-ex explanation was about how they don’t like Emory---making the personal into the political is bad---it delimits politics to the aff team and shuts down structural change.

Joan SCOTT 92 Harold F. Linder Professor at the School of Social Science in the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton [“Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity” October Summer p. 16-19]

SCOTT 92

51,088

91

5,794

0

9,677

2,795,612

88,540

1ar – quarters

Japan assurances

1ar – Resilient

3---Relations are resilient

Khzmalyan 19 — Erik Khzmalyan (senior fellow at the Eurasian Research and Analysis Institute, specializes in US foreign policy, national security, and defense strategy, MA in Statecraft and National Security Affairs from The Institute of World Politics in Washington, DC), 7-17-2019, "The Enduring Legacy of US-Japan Alliance," Providence, https://providencemag.com/2019/07/enduring-legacy-us-japan-alliance/

Khzmalyan 19

65,429

50

6,511

0

5,365

302,325

3,868

Neg

Internal Links

A2: Economy Outweighs

Stances on terrorism trump econ

Ariel Edwards, Huffington post reporter-Levy Become A Fan, 3-5-2015, "Americans Expect The 2016 Elections To Focus On Foreign Policy," Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/05/2016-foreign-policy-poll_n_6811176.html)//GV

Edwards 3-5 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/05/2016-foreign-policy-poll_n_6811176.html)//GV

193,473

2

551

0

8,201

1,769,510

52,080

1NC

Case---Elites

1NC---Paper Tiger

Deterrence high now

*This ev. Cites a lottttt of experts and majority go NEG

null

10,453

94

13,617

0

8,269

1,771,351

52,098

1NC

Adv. 1

1NC---Paper Tiger

Deterrence high now

*This ev. Cites a lottttt of experts and majority go NEG

null

10,453

94

13,617

0

5,848

1,813,827

53,309

null

Ukraine Adv

1NC: Deterrence

Deterrence high now

Paul Taylor et al., 1-31-2019, [PAUL TAYLOR CONTRIBUTING EDITOR AT POLITICO EUROPE AND SENIOR FELLOW AT FRIENDS OF EUROPE, JAN TECHAUSENIOR FELLOW AND DIRECTOR OF THE EUROPE PROGRAM AT THE GERMAN MARSHAL FUND OF THE UNITED STATES, JULIAN LINDLEY-FRENCHMEMBER OF THE GEORGE C. MARSHALL CENTRE-MUNICH SECURITY CONFERENCE U.S.-GERMAN LOISACH GROUP, SENIOR FELLOW AT THE INSTITUTE FOR STATECRAFT IN LONDON, DIRECTOR OF EUROPA ANALYTICA IN THE NETHERLANDS, DISTINGUISHED VISITING RESEARCH FELLOW AT THE NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY IN WASHINGTON, AND A FELLOW OF THE CANADIAN GLOBAL AFFAIRS INSTITUTE, ULRIKE FRANKEPOLICY FELLOW AT THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS NATO, ELISABETH BRAWASSOCIATE FELLOW, MODERN DETERRENCE – MILITARY SCIENCES AT THE ROYAL UNITED SERVICES INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE AND SECURITY STUDIES, MAJORSENIOR ASSOCIATE FOR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AT THE GERMAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND SECURITY AFFAIRS (SWP) NATO, ANDREW A. MICHTADEAN OF THE COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL AND SECURITY STUDIES AT THE GEORGE C. MARSHALL EUROPEAN CENTER FOR SECURITY STUDIES], "Judy Asks: Is NATO Deterrence a Paper Tiger?," Carnegie Europe, https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/78254, Xoxo 9/20/2020

Taylor et al. 19

10,453

94

12,408

0

5,900

1,768,954

52,070

1NC

Advantage 3- Elites

1NC---Paper Tiger

Deterrence high now

*This ev. Cites a lottttt of experts and majority go NEG

null

10,453

94

13,617

0

5,948

1,703,401

50,675

null

Adv. 1

1NC – NATO Cohesion DA

Deterrence high now

*This ev. Cites a lottttt of experts and majority go NEG

null

10,453

94

13,617

0

2,800

1,036,557

25,079

1NC

null

OFF

The AFF doesn’t increase the scope – revoking regulatory immunity increases regulation which decreases antitrust.

Brunell 12 [Richard M. Brunell, Director of Legal Advocacy, American Antitrust Institute, Washington, D.C. “In Regulators We Trust: The Supreme Court's New Approach to Implied Antitrust Immunity,” 2012, Antitrust Law Journal, Vol. 78, HeinOnline, EA]

Brunell 12

502,199

3

1,052

0

418

916,140

22,290

1NC

1NC — Off

1NC — T

3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable

Waller & Morse 20, *John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law **J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (*Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)

Waller 20

330,121

100

4,908

0

647

914,000

22,242

1NC

1NC — Off

1NC — T

3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable

Waller & Morse 20, *John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law **J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (*Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)

Waller 20

330,121

100

4,908

0

665

925,110

22,493

1nc Shirley Round 5

off

1nc – off

3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable

Waller & Morse 20, *John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law **J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (*Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)

Waller 20

330,121

100

4,908

0

7,379

3,958,245

133,851

1NC

1NC — Off

1NC — T

3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable

Waller & Morse 20, *John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law **J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (*Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)

Waller 20

330,121

100

4,908

0

9,365

925,045

22,494

null

OFF

1NC — T

3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable

Waller & Morse 20, *John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law **J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (*Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)

Waller 20

330,121

100

4,908

0

9,366

924,776

22,474

1NC

OFF

1NC — T

3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable

Waller & Morse 20, *John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law **J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (*Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)

Waller 20

330,121

100

4,908

0

9,403

913,338

22,227

1NC

OFF

1NC — T — USFG

3 — Topic Education — policy debates over antitrust are valuable

Waller & Morse 20, *John Paul Stevens Chair in Competition Law; Professor and Director, Institute for Consumer Antitrust Studies, Loyola University Chicago School of Law **J.D. Expected 2021, Loyola University Chicago School of Law (*Spencer Weber Waller **Jacob Morse, 7-26-2020, "The Political Face of Antitrust," Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial, and Commercial Law, https://ssrn.com/abstract=3660946)

Waller 20

330,121

100

4,908

0

3,374

3,154,079

102,401

1AR

Assurance DA---General

1AR---Impact OV

China NFU abandonment causes East Asian prolif---only the plan creates total disarmament

Zhenqiang Pan 18, chairman of the China Foundation for International Studies, senior adviser to the China Reform Forum and director of research at the Institute for Strategy and Management of the Central University of Finance and Economics in China, 05-14-18, "A Study of China’s No-First-Use Policy on Nuclear Weapons," Journal for Peace and Nucelar Disarmament, Vol. 1, Iss. 1 pp. 115-136, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2018.1458415

Pan 18

1,303,293

16

2,260

1

8,520

3,154,024

102,401

2AC

Assurance DA

China NFU/Prolif A/O

China NFU abandonment causes East Asian prolif---only the plan creates total disarmament

Zhenqiang Pan 18, chairman of the China Foundation for International Studies, senior adviser to the China Reform Forum and director of research at the Institute for Strategy and Management of the Central University of Finance and Economics in China, 05-14-18, "A Study of China’s No-First-Use Policy on Nuclear Weapons," Journal for Peace and Nucelar Disarmament, Vol. 1, Iss. 1 pp. 115-136, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/25751654.2018.1458415

Pan 18

1,303,293

16

2,260

1

5,624

2,614,422

83,192

null

2

You should default to a universal theory of labor and capital – anything else foregoes the attempts to generate politics at the level of the global

Srnicek and Williams 15 [Nick Srnicek, lecturer at City University London, and Alex Williams, lecturer at City University London. Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work.]

Srnicek and Williams 15

98,903

142

5,221

0

2,869

2,597,505

83,130

null

2

You should default to a universal theory of labor and capital – anything else foregoes the attempts to generate politics at the level of the global

Srnicek and Williams 15 [Nick Srnicek, lecturer at City University London, and Alex Williams, lecturer at City University London. Inventing the Future: Postcapitalism and a World Without Work.]

Srnicek and Williams 15

98,903

142

5,221

0

8,748

302,107

3,869

Security Links

null

at: schmitt’s a nazi

Which leads to infinite war

null

193,462

1

null

0

5,611

2,752,927

105,708

1NC 10-7

US Leadership

1nc – nukes

Guarantees Russia and China nuke wars

Safak Oguz 16, PhD, Security Expert at the International Strategic and Security Research Center @ USGAM, “CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?”, http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/391828

Oguz 16

373,892

222

1,447

1

5,752

2,755,504

105,722

1NC Michigan Octas

Hegemony

1nc – nukes

Guarantees Russia and China nuke wars

Safak Oguz 16, PhD, Security Expert at the International Strategic and Security Research Center @ USGAM, “CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?”, http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/391828

Oguz 16

373,892

222

1,447

1

5,834

2,839,500

105,736

1NC 10-7

Targeting

1nc – nukes

Guarantees Russia and China nuke wars

Safak Oguz 16, PhD, Security Expert at the International Strategic and Security Research Center @ USGAM, “CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?”, http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/391828

Oguz 16

373,892

222

1,447

1

5,907

2,865,112

105,776

vs. HSI

Tech Leadership

1nc – nukes

Guarantees Russia and China nuke wars

Safak Oguz 16, PhD, Security Expert at the International Strategic and Security Research Center @ USGAM, “CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?”, http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/391828

Oguz 16

373,892

222

1,447

1

1,024

2,857,095

105,752

1NC vs. HSI

Tech Leadership

1nc – nukes

Guarantees Russia and China nuke wars

Safak Oguz 16, PhD, Security Expert at the International Strategic and Security Research Center @ USGAM, “CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?”, http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/391828

Oguz 16

373,892

222

1,447

1

8,312

3,637,990

121,447

null

1AC

1AC – Underview

Tactical reform is vital for material change – abstraction is the right-wing’s plan working. CONDIT IN 15.

Condit 15 [Celeste, Distinguished Research Professor of Communication Studies at the University of Georgia, “Multi-Layered Trajectories for Academic Contributions to Social Change,” Feb 4, 2015, Quarterly Journal of Speech, Volume 101, Issue 1, 2015]

Condit 15

14,604

692

2,994

0

2,940

3,092,117

100,923

2AC

Assurance

Assurance DA---2AC

ROK won’t prolif

Nick Ritchie 18. Lecturer in International Security at the University of York. 2018. “Reducing the Role of Nuclear Weapons in North East Asia.” Research Report. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/130021/1/FINAL_Hiroshima_Ritchie_2018.pdf

Ritchie 18

773,729

25

4,505

1

2,585

3,085,707

100,773

2AC

OFF

AT: ROK Prolif

ROK won’t prolif

Nick Ritchie 18. Lecturer in International Security at the University of York. 2018. “Reducing the Role of Nuclear Weapons in North East Asia.” Research Report. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/130021/1/FINAL_Hiroshima_Ritchie_2018.pdf

Ritchie 18

773,729

25

4,505

1

2,719

4,054,715

138,567

Adv 1

Adv 2

Turkey Russia DA

ROK won’t prolif

Nick Ritchie 18. Lecturer in International Security at the University of York. 2018. “Reducing the Role of Nuclear Weapons in North East Asia.” Research Report. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/130021/1/FINAL_Hiroshima_Ritchie_2018.pdf

Ritchie 18

773,729

25

4,505

1

4,735

3,080,681

100,759

block

adv 1

2nc – deterrence high

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

4,742

3,148,208

102,161

Kentucky Round 5 – Minnesota FJ Neg vs Harvard CM

1NC

Commitment Trap

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

4,750

3,149,365

106,054

1NC

Quantum

null

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

8,569

0

4,817

2,814,615

89,053

null

Solvency

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,802

0

4,868

3,039,893

99,483

2NC

Deterrence

2NC A2: 2018 NPR

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,791

0

4,891

3,074,723

100,364

null

Strat Stab

China

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

4,927

3,133,566

102,020

Speech 1NR Round 3 ADA 3-9 9AM

Crises

2nc – SQ det solves

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,792

0

1,937

3,135,417

102,015

1nr

Case

Deterrence

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18 , https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,883

3,137,604

102,192

2nc

Deterrence

null

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,672

3,039,888

99,483

2NC

Deterrence

2NC A2: 2018 NPR

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,791

0

2,681

3,040,251

99,533

1NR

Assurances

Conv war – Russia

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,692

3,044,882

99,612

Block

2NC

Case

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,696

3,069,202

100,159

Block

China DA

1NR Deterrence UQ

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,709

3,143,829

102,046

Kentucky Round 2 – Minnesota FJ Neg vs Indiana AD

1NC

Deterrence Adv

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,710

3,173,622

102,701

1NR-Samford WE-Rd 2

Baltics

AT Deterrence

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,792

0

2,729

3,203,998

103,793

1nc

case

adv 1

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,791

0

2,741

3,210,813

103,864

1NC

case

adv 1

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,791

0

2,774

3,131,944

102,040

UMW Round 7 – Minnesota FJ Neg vs Navy GL

1NC

Crisis Stability

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,803

3,189,244

103,249

Kentucky Round 7 – Minnesota FJ Neg vs UT Dallas BM

1NC

Escalation

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,857

3,042,936

99,546

null

Block

Case

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,791

0

2,860

3,043,273

99,631

1NC

NPR

2NC A2: 2018 NPR

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,801

0

2,875

3,075,953

100,240

Block

Deterrence

New NPR Solves Deterrence

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,888

3,082,465

100,739

1nc

miscalc

npr

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,906

3,126,869

101,772

2NC

Case

2nc - SQ det. high

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,792

0

2,916

3,145,189

102,114

Georgetown Round 7 – Minnesota FJ Neg vs Harvard RS

1NC

Deterrence

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

2,690

1,759,231

51,885

North Korea: 2NC

Deterrence – adv one

Deterrence O: Deterrence High—2NC

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

9,793

0

1,646

3,043,317

99,631

Block

Case

A2: NPR

The 2018 NPR introduces clarity, maximizes strategic deterrence, and prevents conventional, cyber, and WMD attacks on the United States. NFU crushes deterrence and increases strategic ambiguity.

Rühle 18—Hans Rühle, headed the Policy Planning Staff of the German Ministry of Defense from 1982-1988 (“The New U.S. Nuclear Posture Review: Return to Realism,” National Institute for Public Policy, February 8th, https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2018/02/08/the_new_us_nuclear_posture_review_return_to_realism_113035.html)

Rühle 18

384,105

113

4,846

0

3,581

2,482,313

80,518

null

Impeachment

AT: No Lashout---Lupton

GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal

Stephen M. Walt 10-7. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/

Walt 10-7

1,095,069

64

1,294

1

3,617

2,472,464

80,337

2NC

Politics DA

AT: No Div War---2NC

GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal

Stephen M. Walt 19. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/

Walt 19

1,095,069

64

1,294

1

3,702

2,803,741

88,880

1NR

Impeachment PTX DA

Yes Diversionary War---2NC

GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal

Stephen M. Walt 19. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/

Walt 19

1,095,069

64

1,294

1

5,315

2,474,279

80,369

null

Politics

AT: No Lash Out

GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal

Stephen M. Walt 10-7. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/

Walt 10-7

1,095,069

64

1,294

1

5,336

2,476,276

80,408

1NR

Politics DA

AT: Iran = Empirically Denied---2NC

GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal

Stephen M. Walt 19. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/

Walt 19

1,095,069

64

1,294

1

2,939

2,479,152

80,457

1NR

DA

AT: No Lashout

GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal

Stephen M. Walt 10-7. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/

Walt 10-7

1,095,069

64

1,294

1

2,940

2,480,479

80,484

2NC

Politics DA

AT: Iran now

GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal

Stephen M. Walt 10-7. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/

Walt 10-7

1,095,069

64

1,294

1

2,959

2,802,246

88,881

1NR

Impeachment PTX DA

Yes Diversionary War---2NC

GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal

Stephen M. Walt 19. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/

Walt 19

1,095,069

64

1,294

1

2,006

2,802,503

88,814

1NR

***REMOVAL DA***

Yes Diversionary War---2NC

GOP rebellion causes Trump to wag the dog even without removal

Stephen M. Walt 19. Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University. 10-7-2019. "Welcome to Trump’s Impeachment Foreign Policy." Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/10/07/impeachment-trump-foreign-policy-turkey-syria/

Walt 19

1,095,069

64

1,294

1