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d353d0c48a6c6e29e14aa6bf474e4df0 | How does a surgeon remove the diseased part of a bowel during laparoscopic proctosigmoidectomy? | The cuts used in laparoscopy are very small, so the surgeon must remove the diseased section of bowel in a special way. He will enlarge one of the cuts and place a bag into your abdominal cavity, put the diseased bowel into the bag, and then pull the bag out of the enlarged cut. |
3c8316a376299ed33144795c12189247 | What is laparoscope for proctosigmoidectomy? | A laparoscope is a small telescope-like instrument. Your surgeon will use it in order to see inside you during the operation. There are five main steps to this surgery. |
34d7eb7ff5c1c59cc322b793c80d5980 | When can I be active after laparoscopic proctosigmoidectomy? | You should avoid heavy lifting and abdominal exercises such as sit-ups for 6 weeks after the surgery. Apart from that, you should steadily build up your activity level when you get home. Walking is a great exercise choice. It will help your recovery by making you stronger, keeping your blood circulating to prevent blood clots, and helping your lungs remain clear. Did you work out before the surgery? You can get back to exercising when you feel comfortable and your doctor says it's OK. |
3edfa5ee27d02434c3313ad6e5051229 | What are the serious side effects of antipsychotic medications? | Common side effects may include: Drowsiness Rapid or irregular heartbeat Dizziness when changing positions Decrease in sexual interest or ability Problems with menstrual periods Skin rashes or skin sensitivity to the sun Weight gain Muscle spasms Restlessness and pacing Slowing down of movement and speech Shuffling walk Menstrual irregularities in women There are, however, a few serious side effects that are possible, especially with long-term use of anti-psychotic medications. These side effects include: Tardive dyskinesia : This is a movement disorder that results in unusual and uncontrollable movements, usually of the tongue and face (such as sticking out the tongue and smacking the lips), and sometimes jerking and twisting movements of other parts of the body. It can be treated by taking deutetrabenazine ( Austedo) or valbenazine ( Ingrezza). Neuroleptic malignant syndrome : This is a potentially fatal disorder characterized by severe muscle rigidity (stiffening), fever, sweating, high blood pressure, delirium, and sometimes coma. Agranulocytosis: This is a condition marked by a sharp decrease in the number of infection-fighting white blood cells. This condition can leave the person prone to infection and at greater risk of death. Agranulocytosis has been particularly linked with Clozaril, where it may occur in 1 in 100 patients. People taking Clozaril must have regular blood tests to closely monitor their white blood cell count. However, all antipsychotics carry a warning label from the FDA noting that as a class they have a risk for lowering someone's white blood cell count. Changes in Blood Sugar and Cholesterol : Some atypical antipsychotics can cause increases in blood sugar (which could eventually lead to diabetes) and blood lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Periodic blood tests are necessary to monitor these factors. |
6c11663241e96db398160626851a3333 | What drugs treat mental illness in children? | Many drugs used to treat mental disorders in adults are also used to treat the same illnesses in children. However, doctors often adjust the doses given and monitor more closely. The FDA has determined that antidepressant drugs can increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents with depression and other psychiatric disorders. If you have questions or concerns, discuss them with your health care provider. |
bd35249e9cf787d7bd94339478049c2f | Can I stop taking antidepressants to treat mental illness? | If you decide to stop taking your antidepressants, it is important that you gradually reduce the dose over a period of several weeks. With many antidepressants, quitting them abruptly can cause discontinuation symptoms or speed the risk for depression relapse. It is important to discuss quitting (or changing) medications with your health care provider first. |
d70581e4ddd15a32b15ca0385cdcce24 | What drugs treat attention deficit hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD)? | Another group of drugs called stimulants may be used for certain disorders, primarily attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD). The most commonly used stimulants include amphetamine salt combo ( Adderall, Adderall XR), Daytrana, dextroamphetamine ( Dexedrine), lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse), and methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin). Recently, the FDA approved a once a day treatment of mixed salts of a single-entity amphetamine product called Mydayis. A class of drugs, called alpha agonists, are nonstiumulant medicines that are also sometimes used to treat ADHD. Examples include clonidine ( Catapres) and guanfacine ( Intuniv). Atomoxetine ( Strattera) also has FDA-approval for the treatment of ADHD. It is a non-stimulant more similar to the SNRI antidepressants. But the agency has also issued warnings that children and teens who taking it may have suicidal thoughts. The FDA requires all ADHD drugs to include patient medication guides that detail serious outcomes from the use of the drugs, including a slightly higher risk of stroke, heart attack and sudden death, and psychiatric problems like becoming manic or psychotic. |
c08ccf0240d6f6db937578920ea7773a | What happens if the antipsychotic drug side effects are particularly troublesome? | If antipsychotic drug side effects are particularly troublesome, your doctor may change medications or dosages or sometimes add additional medicines to counteract side effects like weight gain or high blood lipids. The newer atypical antipsychotic medications appear to be much better tolerated, with fewer side effects such as movement disorders or drowsiness. They do, though, require monitoring for weight and metabolic risks, which appear to be higher than with older-generation anti-psychotics. |
c98856ae3f44b961ac4a8e43fb50b142 | Is combining antidepressants to treat mental illness normal? | In some cases, a combination of antidepressants sometimes called augmentation, may be necessary. Sometimes an antidepressant combined with a different type of drug, such as a mood stabilizer (like Lithium), a second antidepressant, or atypical anti-psychotic drug, is the most effective treatment. Side effects vary, depending on what type of drug you are taking, and may improve once your body adjusts to the medication. |
88148b6a8253ff3b482a05a66e62ba83 | How long does it take for mental illness drugs to work? | Remember that medications usually take 4 to 6 weeks to become fully effective. And if one drug does not work, there are many others to try. |
28718aed4791c0a24e8dec4c81207015 | What are common side effects of antipsychotic drugs? | Many side effects of anti-psychotic drugs are mild and many go away after the first few weeks of treatment. Common side effects may include: Drowsiness Rapid or irregular heartbeat Dizziness when changing positions Decrease in sexual interest or ability Problems with menstrual periods Skin rashes or skin sensitivity to the sun Weight gain Muscle spasms Restlessness and pacing Slowing down of movement and speech Shuffling walk Menstrual irregularities in women There are, however, a few serious side effects that are possible, especially with long-term use of anti-psychotic medications. |
a7755e1059cac97a56c09cda781fd664 | What are the long-term effects of postthrombotic syndrome in deep vein thrombosis? | Up to half of people with DVT end up with long-term effects where the clot was: Pain Swelling Darkened skin color Skin sores Varicose veins -- swollen, sometimes twisted or blue veins you can see under the skin Because blood that isn't flowing well is more likely to clot, you could also get another DVT or a pulmonary embolism. |
2f6f2706d886e9dfcc359a461482d185 | What causes pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis? | If your blood clot comes loose from the vein and moves through your bloodstream so it ends up partly or completely blocking an artery in the lungs, it's called a pulmonary embolism ( PE). This can happen right after the clot forms, or it may happen later. |
9a65f803569a38be56e7f15f8389f28f | How common is a pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis? | About 1 in 10 people with deep vein thrombosis will have a PE. That number may actually be much higher, though, because some people have no symptoms and go undiagnosed. |
2ce032903840c030a26d99b499592651 | How can postthrombotic syndrome from deep vein thrombosis be prevented? | Have a procedure that opens a narrow vein, such as a balloon angioplasty or stenting. |
fbd442881b93ebd46de951db15a765f5 | How is pulmonary embolism from deep vein thrombosis treated? | If you have any of these symptoms, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away: Sudden cough, which may be bloody Rapid breathing or sudden shortness of breath, even while resting Chest pain: sharp or stabbing, burning, aching, or dull (might get worse with deep breaths, coughing, eating, or bending) Sudden rapid heart rate PE can lead to serious problems, including: Irregular heartbeat (heart palpitations) Heart failure, when your heart can't keep up with the body's demands Trouble breathing High blood pressure in the lungs, called pulmonary hypertension Sudden death in up to 1 in 4 people with a PE You may need emergency care in the hospital. Doctors may give you medications that dissolve the clot (called thrombolytics) and prevent new clots (called anticoagulants or blood thinners). Depending on your symptoms and what your tests show, you may need other treatment, too. |
b13bd0a309562a74eb8909458eedbabc | When should you call 911 about pulmonary embolism in deep vein thrombosis? | If you have any of these symptoms, call 911 or go to the emergency room right away: Sudden cough, which may be bloody Rapid breathing or sudden shortness of breath, even while resting Chest pain: sharp or stabbing, burning, aching, or dull (might get worse with deep breaths, coughing, eating, or bending) Sudden rapid heart rate PE can lead to serious problems, including: Irregular heartbeat (heart palpitations) Heart failure, when your heart can't keep up with the body's demands Trouble breathing High blood pressure in the lungs, called pulmonary hypertension Sudden death in up to 1 in 4 people with a PE You may need emergency care in the hospital. |
9eea6a23e0cbc4a1f9d2afbcf771c4e3 | How is atrial fibrillation treated? | AFib treatments also prevent clots and help keep your heart healthy. These can prevent clots and strokes, slow your heart rate, and control your heart rhythm. |
248b3319677d664e0f6fdc4a12f53e02 | What is it like if you have atrial fibrillation? | With AFib, your heart quivers, beats too quickly, or skips beats. It can't pump blood through its chambers and out to your body as well as it should. Sometimes blood can pool in the heart and form clots, which could lead to a stroke. |
8f9c7f86a46cdf12126af8d6ca499d60 | When do you need surgery for atrial fibrillation? | You and your doctor have treatment options if your symptoms become too severe. |
a2b8427f32e469bafa54f6ba2f66c251 | How are the causes of atrial fibrillation treated? | If problems such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, or an overactive thyroid caused your AFib, you'll need to treat the root cause. Your doctor might prescribe medications to get those conditions under control. Your doctor may also recommend screening and treatment for sleep apnea, a disorder in which breathing starts and stops throughout the night. |
94e2800c3056dc35b7990a7d5619244b | What is the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation? | The surgeon makes small cuts in the upper part of your heart. They're stitched together to form the scar tissue that stops abnormal signals. Mini maze: Most people with AFib don't need open-heart surgery. |
2858901042f460601b9434dd6361b274 | What are tips for starting solid foods with your baby? | Your baby must be able to sit up with support and hold his head and neck up properly before you start solids. Other readiness clues include drooling, mimicking eating by opening his mouth while watching you eat, and reaching for items on your plate. Try starting with an iron-fortified infant rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula. Don't worry if baby only takes one to two spoonfuls. Be sure to use a small, baby spoon as baby's mouth is still very small. Your baby may push the spoon right back out with her tongue! This is normal at first. Expect to continue nursing or bottle-feeding through baby's first year. |
01c2dedf529a7b4533a43e0aa1f945a6 | What questions will my baby's doctor ask during a fourth-month checkup? | Check your baby's weight, length, and head circumference Perform a physical exam of your baby Give your baby a 2nd round of vaccines ( DTa P, Hib, polio, PCV, and rotavirus) Is your baby rolling over one way yet? Is your baby able to push up onto his forearms and lift his head yet? Does your baby have good head control when upright? Is your baby cooing or babbling yet? Does your baby respond to loud noises? Does your baby follow an object with his eyes? |
75d343d56ff5475ee031e1374736bff6 | What happens at my baby's fourth-month checkup? | Check your baby's weight, length, and head circumference Perform a physical exam of your baby Give your baby a 2nd round of vaccines ( DTa P, Hib, polio, PCV, and rotavirus) Is your baby rolling over one way yet? |
85ac0f00fa0b966d1b98d7ea549dad78 | What is keratosis pilaris, and what does it look like? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Keratosis pilaris is a common, harmless skin condition. It causes small, hard bumps that may make your skin feel like sandpaper. The bumps are often light-colored. They usually appear on your upper arms, thighs, and buttocks, sometimes with redness or swelling. They can also show up on your face, but that's less common. Except for some itching, keratosis pilaris doesn't hurt and doesn't get worse. Many children and teens get it, and it usually disappears as they get older. |
fce3de0254b260b38842bbdc15c5895a | How can your physician assistant help treat depression? | Physician assistant: These medical health care providers are trained to identify symptoms of depression and have some training in treating mental or psychiatric disorders under the supervision of a physician. |
552f9f6278b6f6cab971ed46976486c3 | What should you do while your ruptured eardrum heals? | While the eardrum heals, you'll need to keep the ear dry. That means no swimming or diving until the doctor says the eardrum is healed. You'll also need to use a shower cap or place cotton coated with petroleum jelly in your outer ear when you shower to keep water out. Other precautions include: Not using medicine other than what's prescribed by your doctor in your ear Taking all the medicine prescribed by the doctor Protecting the ear from cold air Avoiding blowing your nose while the ear heals The two most important steps you can take to prevent a ruptured eardrum are to avoid putting any object into your ear -- even to clean it -- and to treat ear infections promptly. |
d6487eb8aa17c65868bbf0fcfbed2a15 | What can a ruptured eardrum lead to? | A ruptured eardrum -- also known as a perforated eardrum or a tympanic membrane perforation -- can lead to complications such as middle ear infections and hearing loss. It may also require surgery to repair the damage to the eardrum. But typically, especially if you protect your ear, a ruptured eardrum will heal on its own without treatment within a couple of months. |
595f8455a20457d1e67c95739e4e2ff0 | Can head injuries or an ear slap lead to a ruptured eardrum? | A head injury or an ear slap can cause the eardrum to rupture. So can an acoustic trauma caused by a sudden loud noise, such as an explosion or a sudden blast of loud music. |
70b84aa9e68a710a6e5ac6ebb756949a | How can a ruptured eardrum happen? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } A ruptured eardrum, like a clap of thunder, can happen suddenly. You may feel a sharp pain in your ear, or an earache that you've had for a while suddenly goes away. It's also possible that you may not have any sign that your eardrum has ruptured. |
3e59614a72c036b31dd8528849b720b8 | What tests are done when diagnosing a ruptured eardrum? | The doctor may also test your hearing to determine how much effect the ruptured eardrum has had on your hearing; he or she may use a tuning fork to test it. The doctor may also ask for an audiology test, which uses a series of tones you listen to with headphones to determine your level of hearing. Most hearing loss due to a ruptured eardrum is temporary. Normal hearing returns usually after the eardrum heals. |
0d3569140c8a8ba5ec6c04d1e5e42ff4 | What can cause a ruptured eardrum? | A number of things can cause the eardrum to rupture; one of the most common causes is an ear infection. When the middle ear is infected, pressure builds up and pushes against the eardrum. When the pressure gets too great, it can cause the eardrum to perforate. When that happens, you may suddenly notice that the pain and pressure you've felt from the infection suddenly stops and pus drains from the ear. Another common cause of a ruptured eardrum is poking the eardrum with a foreign object, such as a cotton-tipped swab or a bobby pin that's being used to clean wax out of the ear canal. Sometimes children can puncture their own eardrum by putting objects such as a stick or a small toy in their ear. |
179053dc71d909160b20cd88793fb702 | What do eardrums do? | The eardrum serves two important functions in your ear. It senses vibrating sound waves and converts the vibration into nerve impulses that convey the sound to your brain. It also protects the middle ear from bacteria as well as water and foreign objects. Normally, the middle ear is sterile. But when the eardrum is ruptured, bacteria can get into the middle ear and cause an infection known as otitis media. |
174cf2b532e981210fcd657e7284b5ec | How is a ruptured eardrum diagnosed? | Other symptoms of a ruptured eardrum include: Sudden sharp ear pain or a sudden decrease in ear pain Drainage from the ear that may be bloody, clear, or resemble pus Ear noise or buzzing Hearing loss that may be partial or complete in the affected ear Episodic ear infections Facial weakness or dizziness If you have any of the symptoms of a ruptured eardrum, the doctor will do an otoscopic exam. An otoscope is an instrument with a light that's used to look inside the ear. In most cases, if there is a hole or tear in the eardrum, the doctor will be able to see it. Sometimes there may be too much wax or drainage for the doctor to clearly see the eardrum. If this is the case, the doctor may clean the ear canal or prescribe eardrops for you to use to help clear it. Sometimes, the doctor uses a rubber bulb attached to the otoscope to blow a puff of air into the ear. If the eardrum is not ruptured, it will move when the air hits it. If it is ruptured, it won't. |
fc090ec5c18d88b594b1ed364b36cfbf | How can a ruptured eardrum be prevented? | Other precautions include: Not using medicine other than what's prescribed by your doctor in your ear Taking all the medicine prescribed by the doctor Protecting the ear from cold air Avoiding blowing your nose while the ear heals The two most important steps you can take to prevent a ruptured eardrum are to avoid putting any object into your ear -- even to clean it -- and to treat ear infections promptly. It's also important to see a doctor to remove a foreign object in your ear rather than try to remove it yourself. |
35ca6fd6c3697d1eec54adfe72e59280 | How does a free flap procedure work? | Free flap procedure. A free flap procedure is often performed during breast reconstruction or following surgery to remove head or neck cancer. During the procedure, muscle, skin, or bone is transferred along with the original blood supply from one area of the body (donor site) to the surgical site in order to reconstruct the area. The procedure often involves the use of microsurgery. Healing of the surgical site can be slow and require frequent wound care. Total recovery may take six to eight weeks or longer. |
62591d38aeba2f63b992c1391453e49f | What are other general signs of infection that will require medical treatment? | If you notice any of the following symptoms of infection, it is important that you call your health care provider as soon as possible. A persistent elevation of body temperature greater than 100.5 degrees Fahrenheit ( Take your temperature daily, at the same time each day Sweats or chills Skin rash Sore or scratchy throat or pain when swallowing Sinus drainage, nasal congestion, headaches, or tenderness along the upper cheekbones Persistent, dry or moist cough that lasts more than two days White patches in your mouth or on your tongue Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Trouble urinating: pain or burning, constant urge or frequent urination Bloody, cloudy, or foul-smelling urine |
5c847e5abee75746ba3d651b2e4c487b | What is a tumor? | A tumor is a mass of tissue that's formed by an accumulation of abnormal cells. Normally, the cells in your body age, die, and are replaced by new cells. With cancer and other tumors, something disrupts this cycle. Tumor cells grow, even though the body does not need them, and unlike normal old cells, they don't die. As this process goes on, the tumor continues to grow as more and more cells are added to the mass. |
d664bfa8a08dedb78bdf223c4e3ff46f | What's the difference between benign and malignant brain tumors? | Benign brain tumors are noncancerous. Malignant primary brain tumors are cancers that originate in the brain, typically grow faster than benign tumors, and aggressively invade surrounding tissue. Although brain cancer rarely spreads to other organs, it can spread to other parts of the brain and central nervous system. Benign brain tumors usually have clearly defined borders and usually are not deeply rooted in brain tissue. This makes them easier to surgically remove, assuming they are in an area of the brain that can be safely operated on. But even after they've been removed, they can still come back, although benign tumors are less likely to recur than malignant ones. |
5768814f02d4348fb5f9db3b1e3ad9d1 | What consultations are recommended to treat brain tumors in adults? | The doctor can also explain the importance of planning for rehabilitation following treatment. Rehabilitation could involve working with several different therapists, such as: Physical therapist to regain strength and balance Speech therapist to address problems with speaking, expressing thoughts, or swallowing Occupational therapist to help manage daily activities such as using the bathroom, bathing, and dressing |
edc7cfa1da3ececc44f2fe6af7c38394 | How are brain tumors diagnosed? | To diagnose a brain tumor, the doctor starts by asking questions about your symptoms and taking a personal and family health history. Then he or she performs a physical exam, including a neurological exam. If there's reason to suspect a brain tumor, the doctor may request one or more of the following tests: Imaging studies such as a CT( CAT) scan or MRI to see detailed images of the brain Angiogram or MRA, which involve the use of dye and X-rays of blood vessels in the brain to look for signs of a tumor or abnormal blood vessels The doctor may also ask for a biopsy to determine whether or not the tumor is cancer. |
161c8c8613b402688d8a5f78a170b9b1 | What are meningeal tumors? | The second most common type of adult brain tumors are meningeal tumors. These form in the meninges, the thin layer of tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord. |
01c01f3de95779eccb0b4118bd219960 | How is a biopsy done to diagnose brain tumors in adults? | If there's reason to suspect a brain tumor, the doctor may request one or more of the following tests: Imaging studies such as a CT( CAT) scan or MRI to see detailed images of the brain Angiogram or MRA, which involve the use of dye and X-rays of blood vessels in the brain to look for signs of a tumor or abnormal blood vessels The doctor may also ask for a biopsy to determine whether or not the tumor is cancer. A tissue sample is removed from the brain either during surgery to remove the tumor or with a needle inserted through a small hole drilled into the skull before treatment is started. The sample is then sent to a lab for testing. |
adaa044050cf6914470f7ceaf202a67e | What are other symptoms of brain tumors in adults? | Other symptoms include: Seizures Changes in speech or hearing Changes in vision Balance problems Problems with walking Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs Problems with memory Personality changes Inability to concentrate Weakness in one part of the body Morning vomitting without nausea It's important to keep in mind that these symptoms can be caused by a number of different conditions. Don't assume you have a brain tumor just because you experience some of them. Check with your doctor. |
28b5c93f215c86a96a31b1083c2d8967 | What drugs interact badly with creatine? | Side effects can include: Weight gain Anxiety Breathing difficulty Diarrhea Fatigue Fever Headache Kidney problems Nausea, vomiting Rash Stomach upset Certain drugs, including diabetes medications, anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen and naproxen, and diuretics, can have dangerous interactions with creatine. Taking the stimulants caffeine and ephedra with creatine can increase the risk of side effects. |
fb19c3cc21593f576d5ef5696198ab74 | How does creatine affect kids who use it? | Despite the popularity of creatine among young people, there has been very little research conducted in children under age 18. Of those studies, a few have suggested a positive effect but the overall evidence is inconclusive. In one study, teenage swimmers performed better after taking creatine; in another study, it helped high school soccer players sprint, dribble, and jump more effectively. |
18eeaea9372c2a1e436279bb77f012dc | What are some tips for your babyâs ninth month? | Your 9-month-old is eager to move around. Give him plenty of opportunities to crawl, stand, and cruise -- with you nearby to supervise, of course. Nine months isn't too young to start setting limits. Your baby should understand the word ânoâ or a similar means of communication by now. Use it whenever your little one is about to do something he should not do. Hold your baby's hands and walk around the room together so he can practice getting around on two feet. |
06acdefe56829aa9dc84cdcb52e22dc0 | What brainpower milestones should you expect in your 9-month-old? | Your baby's first year is a crucial time for brain development. Trillions of tiny connections are forming that will create the foundation for a lifetime of learning. You can accelerate baby's brain growth by providing a stimulating environment. But you don't need to invest in a series of expensive videos or teaching tools to nurture a smart baby. No DVD can ever replace the value of human interaction. Reading, singing, and talking to your baby every day are the best ways to bolster brain development. And remember, your child doesn't need to start reading at nine months to be a smart baby -- he just needs to learn and explore new things every day. |
07757c02811480122fdf87c1eb7d3d52 | What communication milestones should you expect in your 9-month-old? | If your 9-month-old is like many babies at this age, he may be babbling away nonstop. Those babbles might sound almost like real sentences, although no one will understand them but your baby. However, you may start to recognize a couple of real words, such as â Mama,â â Dada,â or âhi.â Your baby's understanding of language is improving, too. If you ask, â Where's the ball?â your baby may go pick up a ball. Or you might ask, â Where's the cow?" and he may point to a picture of a cow. In the brief pauses between babbles your baby is becoming a good listener and reader of body language. You may notice that your baby brings you a favorite toy to see you smile in response. Some babies are effective comedians, even at this young age. They'll blow bubbles and make funny sounds, just to elicit a laugh from the grown-ups around them. At other times, your baby will be a lot less happy -- especially when you're about to leave the room. Separation anxiety is starting to be an issue at this age and so is stranger anxiety. Your baby may express a fear of people and things that never bothered him before. For instance, he may suddenly start crying whenever grandma comes to visit or the lights go out at bedtime. This is because your baby's awareness and memory are improving. For the same reason, you'll probably see a few tears when you try to take something away from him. The good news is that 9-month-old babies are easily distracted and the tears shouldn't last long. |
1fc53702622bb6ba437639de77a637ce | Does high blood sugar cause blurred vision? | High blood sugar causes the lens of the eye to swell, which changes your ability to see. To correct this kind of blurred vision, you need to get your blood sugar back into the target range. For many people this is from70 mg/d L to 130 mg/d L before meals and less than 180 mg/d L one to two hours after the start of a meal. Ask your doctor what your personal target range should be. Blurred vision can also be a symptom of more serious eye problems. If your vision is blurred, contact your doctor. |
8a2a1f574db8c9ede6ddbe25a6d57ee3 | How often should I get my eyes checked if I have diabetes? | The American Diabetes Association offers these eye care guidelines for people with diabetes: Adults with type 1 diabetes should have a full dilated eye exam within 5 years of their diagnosis. Adults with type 2 diabetes should have a complete eye exam soon after they have been diagnosed. Get a dilated eye exam if you are pregnant or planning to get pregnant. |
20c59c8219d62dbf34e937d1e648e4e5 | What can cause blurred vision? | High blood sugar causes the lens of the eye to swell, which changes your ability to see. To correct this kind of blurred vision, you need to get your blood sugar back into the target range. For many people this is from70 mg/d L to 130 mg/d L before meals and less than 180 mg/d L one to two hours after the start of a meal. Ask your doctor what your personal target range should be. Blurred vision can also be a symptom of more serious eye problems. If your vision is blurred, contact your doctor. |
2001bd369c6157bd65581948a70c8cc2 | What topics might my dentist discuss with me during my child's first dental visit? | If indicated, the dentist or hygienist will clean any teeth and assess the need for fluoride. He or she will also educate parents about oral health care basics for children and discuss dental developmental issues and answer any questions. Topics your dentist may discuss with you might include: Good oral hygiene practices for your child's teeth and gums and cavity prevention Fluoride needs Oral habits (thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, lip sucking) Developmental milestones Teething Proper nutrition Schedule of dental checkups. Many dentists like to see children every 6 months to build up the child's comfort and confidence level in visiting the dentist, to monitor the development of the teeth, and promptly treat any developing problems. |
738196f519c4b364c9ca3681d6d00803 | What happens during a child's first visit to the dentist? | The first dental visit is usually short and involves very little treatment. This visit gives your child an opportunity to meet the dentist in a non-threatening and friendly way. Some dentists may ask the parent to sit in the dental chair and hold their child during the exam. The parent may also be asked to wait in the reception area during part of the visit so that a relationship can be built between your child and your dentist. |
3315a3c7e3ea015e326d6c5da7de93fe | What is the difference between a pediatric dentist and a regular dentist? | A pediatric dentist has at least two additional years of training beyond dental school. The additional training focuses on management and treatment of a child's developing teeth, child behavior, physical growth and development, and the special needs of children's dentistry. Although either type of dentist is capable of addressing your child's oral health care needs, a pediatric dentist, his or her staff, and even the office décor are all geared to care for children and to put them at ease. If your child has special needs, care from a pediatric dentist should be considered. Ask your dentist or your child's doctor what he or she recommends for your child. |
61a8c1584fc024fe979397dd96a608d9 | When should children visit the dentist? | It is generally recommended that a child be seen by a dentist by the age of 1 or within 6 months after his or her first tooth comes in. |
1497b24aaa67dfd0a1bc10b43b21d6ea | How common is acne? | A generation or so ago, it was thought that eating too many sweet or greasy foods caused acne; now doctors know much more about why breakouts happen and how to treat them. Generally, no. The primary trigger of most cases of acne is the fluctuation of hormones. |
03b8981096d027be31941ae2f4a25926 | Why do some adults have acne? | Although the hormonal fluctuations that cause acne are most common during the teen years, they can also affect adults. Women may experience hormonal swings during their menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause that result in acne breakouts. Acne can also be a side effect of certain medications, such as anticonvulsants and steroid drugs. Some people may also have a genetic predisposition to acne. One study found that 50% of adults with acne had a parent, sibling, or child with acne. |
eea85919d6aba94bcfcdf18d8efd95a2 | Should I stop wearing makeup if I have acne? | Look for cosmetics and toiletries with the label ânoncomedogenic,â meaning that they don't clog pores. |
8b6df27ba6a222a4473b9c32b3fd9239 | What are the symptoms of clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection? | If you have C. diff, your diarrhea will have a very strong odor. In more serious infections, there may be blood in the stool. Other symptoms of a serious infection include: Diarrhea more than 10 times a day Severe cramping Fever Nausea Loss of appetite/weight loss Dehydration Rapid heart rate It's fairly common to have mild diarrhea when starting an antibiotic. It may be caused by a mild C. diff infection. But if you have diarrhea three or more times a day and symptoms last for at least 2 days, you should see a doctor right away. |
10299f158a6cfea0385f576869990fc6 | How can I prevent clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection? | If you're in a hospital or long-term health care facility, you can do several things to protect yourself against from C. diff. For example: Ask your health care provider to wash his or her hands thoroughly before and after caring for you. Request that all medical equipment be sanitized before being brought into your room. Wash your hands with soap and water after using the bathroom and before eating. Also, if your doctor prescribes an antibiotic for any reason, ask if it's really necessary. Talk to your doctor about other treatment options. Don't take antibiotics without a doctor's OK. Many C. diff infections are mild and short-lived, but others can be quite serious. Take precautions, and don't hesitate to seek medical help if you have symptoms. |
ab86bec8e36edfd2bca4fa69d7be1054 | How do I know if I have a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection? | They include: Enzyme immunoassay Polymerase chain reaction GDH/ EIA Cell cytotoxicity assay If your doctor suspects serious problems with your colon, he might order X-rays or a CT scan of your intestines. |
67a9c168513b10b10aa6bf7951e9496d | How do you get a clostridium difficile (C. diff) infection? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } C. diff bacteria actually exists all around us. It's in the air, water, soil, and in the feces of humans and animals. Many people have the bacteria in their intestines and never have any symptoms. The bacteria is often spread in health care facilities, like hospitals or nursing homes, where workers are more likely to come into contact with it, and then with patients or residents. You can also become infected if you touch clothing, sheets, or other surfaces that have come in contact with feces and then touch your mouth or nose. |
c99f62777b8abe2c8d53cd230277444e | What is clostridium difficile (C. diff)? | But for some people, these drugs can trigger a potentially life-threatening infection caused by a type of bacteria called clostridium difficile, or C. diff. It can cause colitis, a serious inflammation of the colon. |
60c68c7a93651bd9b283332f76b46bbc | How can nerve entrapment syndromes cause tingling hands and feet? | The remaining 40% of cases have a variety of causes such as: Nerve entrapment syndromes. These include carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve palsy, peroneal nerve palsy, and radial nerve palsy. |
bbc73b31ec642e8809f83abeb3944172 | What are the treatments for tingling hands and feet? | An electromyogram ( EMG), a test of the electrical activity of muscle Nerve conduction velocity ( NCV) Other tests may include: Computed tomography ( CT) Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) Nerve biopsy Skin biopsy to look at nerve fiber endings Successful treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause of the tingling. As long as the peripheral nerve cells have not been killed, they have the ability to regenerate. Although no treatments are available for inherited types of peripheral neuropathy, many of the acquired types can be improved with treatment. For example, good blood sugar control in diabetes can slow the progression of diabetic neuropathy; vitamin supplementation can correct peripheral neuropathy in people with vitamin deficiencies. |
3d2d91400ce016ddceb75e1bd5f43a91 | How can systemic diseases cause tingling hands and feet? | These include kidney disorders, liver disease, vascular damage and blood diseases, amyloidosis, connective tissue disorders and chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances (including hypothyroidism), and cancers and benign tumors that impinge on nerves. |
1055959d3ab79970fbf7591365fd7686 | What tests are used to diagnose tingling hands and feet? | He or she also may perform additional tests such as: Blood tests. These can include tests to detect diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, liver or kidney dysfunction, other metabolic disorders, and signs of abnormal immune system activity. An examination of cerebrospinal fluid. This can identify antibodies associated with peripheral neuropathy. An electromyogram ( EMG), a test of the electrical activity of muscle Nerve conduction velocity ( NCV) Other tests may include: Computed tomography ( CT) Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) Nerve biopsy Skin biopsy to look at nerve fiber endings Successful treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause of the tingling. |
8d7b963015e6f01bccd7f7accd06ab18 | What causes tingling in the hands and feet? | In diabetic neuropathy, tingling and other symptoms often first develop in both feet and go up the legs, followed by tingling and other symptoms that affect both hands and go up the arms. About two-thirds of people with diabetes have mild to severe forms of nerve damage. In many cases, these symptoms are the first signs of diabetes. In another 30% of peripheral neuropathy cases, the cause is unknown or "idiopathic." |
77b4aa09800e0f41678783b4591d08c3 | What are general lifestyle recommendations for tingling hands and feet? | Toxins. |
25074bbff2a67651555da083a62cde23 | How can an injury cause tingling hands and feet? | Often related to trauma, nerves can be compressed, crushed, or damaged, resulting in nerve pain. Examples include nerve compression caused by a herniated disc or dislocated bone. |
9a0ffb6fe8815c02a620d2a88d44b0a8 | How common is it to get tingling hands and feet? | Such nerve damage is known as peripheral neuropathy because it affects nerves distant from the brain and spinal cord, often in the hands and feet. There are more than 100 different types of peripheral neuropathy. Over time, peripheral neuropathy can worsen, resulting in decreased mobility and even disability. More than 20 million Americans, most of them older adults, are estimated to have peripheral neuropathy. |
9c5698c57e2416b840eaea0c2eaaf0df | Can drugs treat tingling hands and feet? | In some cases, tingling and other symptoms of peripheral neuropathy may be reduced with prescriptions originally developed for treating seizures and depression. |
cee4e51fab5ecdbc4745e47cb7569a6d | What are the uncontrollable factors that raise the risk of hight cholesterol? | Gender: After menopause, a woman's LDL cholesterol level ("bad" cholesterol) goes up, as does her risk for heart disease. Age: Your risk may increase as you get older. Men aged 45 years or older and women aged 55 years or older are at increased risk of high cholesterol and heart disease. Family history: Your risk of high cholesterol may increase if a father or brother was affected by early heart disease (before age 55) or a mother or sister was affected by early heart disease (before age 65). |
554057878d9aed21fb9f5339c30af813 | What can nasal polyps lead to? | Nasal polyps make you more likely to have long-term (chronic) sinusitis. Large ones can even change the shape of your nose. |
1ffffb94ab3e5252cd260bc977b7561e | Who typically gets nasal polyps? | Anyone can, but they're most common in adults over age 40 and are twice as likely to affect men as women. Children under age 10 rarely get them. If they do, a doctor will check for signs of cystic fibrosis. Nasal polyps are linked to allergic rhinitis, asthma, aspirin allergy, sinus infections, acute and chronic infections, something stuck in the nose, and cystic fibrosis. But many times the cause is unknown. Sometimes, people get them before they develop asthma or sinusitis. Some experts think that symptoms of allergies -- including runny nose, sneezing, and itching -- make some people more likely to get nasal polyps. |
a7c50146a3d99eefdbe91d4af5b0f7d6 | What are the symptoms of nasal polyps? | If you have any symptoms, they may include: Stuffy or blocked nose Sneezing Postnasal drip Runny nose Facial pain Trouble with sense of smell Loss of taste Itching around the eyes Infections Most people with nasal polyps have a runny nose, sneezing, and postnasal drip. About 75% have problems with their sense of smell. Many people also have wheezing, sinus infections, and sensitivity to fumes, odors, dusts, and chemicals. It's less common, but some people with nasal polyps also have a severe allergy to aspirin and reaction to yellow dyes. If you know you have that allergy, ask your doctor to check for nasal polyps. |
0dd6102a56c3862df4d21afc8b145989 | When is surgery needed for nasal polyps? | Sometimes, nasal polyps are so large that corticosteroid nasal sprays don't work. In such cases, surgery may be an option. The doctor would likely use a small nasal telescope that removes nasal polyps. You can go home the same day as the surgery. Surgery helps in most cases. It may be less effective if you have nasal polyps, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity. If that's you, medication may be more helpful. |
19db72796e3e9372d1e1e85bd81e2055 | What should I know about nasal polyps? | Nasal polyps are common, noncancerous, teardrop-shaped growths that form in the nose or sinuses. They're usually found around the area where the sinuses open into the nasal cavity. Mature ones look like peeled grapes. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Often linked to allergies or asthma, they may cause no symptoms, especially if they're small and don't need treatment. Larger ones can block normal drainage from the sinuses. When too much mucus builds up in the sinuses, it can become infected. Unlike polyps that form in the colon or bladder, nasal ones are rarely cancer. Experts think that long-term inflammation causes them or that they run in families. Nasal polyps aren't painful to the touch. Medications or surgery can treat most. |
b5f0740a4a57fdd9544188c1136ead8f | Should I tell my doctor if I have any conditions prior to Novantrone treatment? | If you have any concerns or questions, discuss them with your doctor. * Patients who have or have had heart disease or cancer treatment should not take Novantrone. Serious side affects could result. Your doctor should thoroughly check for warning signs before beginning your treatment with Novantrone. |
cbf9391df42760da4748da026048f81d | What can I expect after Novantrone treatment? | Because Novantrone suppresses your immune system (the body's system for fighting illness), you will have an increased risk of infection after treatment. It's important to avoid contact with people who are sick. You should avoid being vaccinated with a live vaccine while being treated with this drug. |
7fc9a792d805c774582ec5f337080f96 | Can you have an allergic reaction to silver fillings? | Allergic reactions to silver fillings are rare. Fewer than 100 cases have ever been reported, according to the American Dental Association. In these rare circumstances, mercury or one of the metals used in an amalgam restoration is thought to trigger the allergic response. Symptoms of amalgam allergy are similar to those experienced in a typical skin allergy and include skin rashes and itching. Patients who suffer amalgam allergies typically have a medical or family history of allergies to metals. |
027c2420027b5a02aaf14eb353421e6c | How can you get fractures from osteoporosis? | It can cause: Sudden, severe back pain that gets worse when you are standing or walking with some relief when you lie down Trouble twisting or bending your body, and pain when you do Loss of height A curved spine called kyphosis, also known as a âdowager's hump.â Bones are fragile in osteoporosis. Fractures can happen even from simple movements that don't seem dangerous, for example lifting a bag of groceries, twisting to get out of a car, or tripping slightly on a rug. Fractures can take months to heal. The pain should start to go away as the bone begins to repair itself. |
9573bd5e3ca169901fd0f775ac99d6e5 | What questions will your pediatrician ask during your baby's 2-year checkup? | Weigh and measure your child Perform a physical exam of your child Catch up on any vaccines Is your child physically active? What words is she learning? Does she respond to 2-step commands? |
a072852d6f805dada8fee02f28088dd9 | How should I keep my 2-year-old active? | Give your child plenty of opportunities to be active. Learning how to throw, kick, and catch builds physical confidence. Play together as much as possible and make fun the top priority. Be active as a family. It's a great way to spend time together while moving your bodies! Limit the amount of TV your toddler watches. Remember that toddlers learn by your example. So make sure to set a good one! |
d1db4665ede770ea95c7397ce7d0f3da | What can I expect from my baby's 2-year checkup? | Weigh and measure your child Perform a physical exam of your child Catch up on any vaccines Is your child physically active? |
96be2e1fa62a86964ed28508c8f8c2f1 | What are healthy protein alternatives? | Other healthy protein alternatives include dried beans and peas, nuts and seeds, low-fat dairy products, and soy products. Protein does not have to come from meat. |
ff2453c48512985b153e34172ba46f26 | How effective are antiviral drugs for influenza? | The ones currently recommended are: Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) Zanamivir ( Relenza) Peramivir ( Rapivab) If you are already sick and it has been less than 48 hours since the onset of symptoms, an antiviral drug may help by: Making you feel better faster Keeping you from getting seriously ill Preventing serious complications If you have been exposed to influenza, an antiviral drug may be about 70%-90% effective in preventing illness. |
bda4a552d69288372b984d376071e838 | What is a disease outbreak? | A disease outbreak happens when a disease occurs in greater numbers than expected in a community or region or during a season. An outbreak may occur in one community or even extend to several countries. It can last from days to years. Sometimes a single case of a contagious disease is considered an outbreak. This may be true if it is an unknown disease, is new to a community, or has been absent from a population for a long time. If you observe what you think might be a disease outbreak, report it right away to your health care provider or public health department. |
13349a3dbd0f7a93352278bc03c86875 | How many people die from a pandemic? | How many people die from a pandemic depends upon: The number of people who become infected The severity of disease caused by the virus (its virulence) The vulnerability of affected populations The effectiveness of preventive steps There is no foolproof method for preventing the spread of disease during an influenza outbreak, epidemic, or pandemic. |
1621ca8b6881d743a0c39395a3ddd0b2 | How should I prepare for an electrocardiogram? | Some things you can do to get yourself ready: Avoid oily or greasy skin creams and lotions the day of the test because they can keep the electrodes from making contact with your skin. Avoid full-length hosiery, because electrodes need to be placed directly on your legs. Wear a shirt that you can remove easily to place the leads on your chest. |
e7b7fd44da8e2a73e8d8deaabb82f6ab | What happens during an electrocardiogram? | A technician will attach 10 electrodes with adhesive pads to the skin of your chest, arms, and legs. If you're a guy, you may need to have your chest hair shaved to allow a better connection. During the test you'll lie flat while a computer creates a picture, on graph paper, of the electrical impulses that move through your heart. This is called a "resting" EKG, although the same test may be used to check your heart while you exercise. It takes about 10 minutes to attach the electrodes and complete the test, but the actual recording takes only a few seconds. Your doctor will keep your EKG patterns on file so that he can compare them to tests you get in the future. |
86a6f92c2414df2fd79ec3714972e26a | What should I do to make my home safe for a 6-month-old baby? | Your baby may soon be propelling himself around, so continue child-proofing your home: Create a baby-proof safe area where he can move and explore to his heart's content. Keep older children's toys -- ones with small parts -- away from the baby. Put padding on the sharp corners of furniture. Secure electrical cords out of reach. Make sure baby won't be able to grab or try to pull up on unsteady furniture. Anchor bookcases and TVs to the wall so your child can't pull them over and hurt himself. Put safety locks on reachable cabinets. Keep all medications and chemicals out of reach, in locked cabinets. |
de1d9570089eabe39d212ca5f26daa99 | What questions about foods might I ask my pediatrician when my baby is 6 months old? | What solid foods is my baby ready for now? What foods should and shouldn't I give him? |
843e60d09360db45b3e21b1200729c2f | What are tips I can follow when feeding my 6 month old baby? | When your baby is ready to move on from infant cereal, try vegetables, meat, and fruits. Puree, mash, or cut food into tiny pieces. Do not give your baby raw fruits or vegetables just yet. Give baby one new food at a time. Wait 2 to 3 days to see if baby has a reaction before trying a new food. Don't give your baby cow's milk, honey, seafood, peanuts, or tree nuts right now. If you decide to offer egg, start with the yellow part first. Your baby's poop may change color or consistency, depending on what he eats. Try using a sippy cup. |
78f0f7f7ead4f77d0391b91fe174cf30 | What do the grades of PCL injuries mean? | Doctors classify PCL injuries in these groups: Grade I: The PCL has a partial tear. Grade II: The ligament is partially torn and is looser than in Grade I. Grade III: The ligament is completely torn and the knee becomes unstable. Grade IV: The PCL is damaged along with another ligament in the knee. |
a7a48e84cc144421dcb9a634adbfd436 | What kind of surgery do you need for a torn PCL? | Surgery for a torn PCL requires replacing it with new tissue rather than stitching together the torn ligament. The ligament may be replaced with: Tissue from a deceased donor Piece of tendon moved from somewhere else in the body, such as the back of the thigh or heel The operation is sometimes done as an "open" surgery. This requires a large incision in the knee. A less-invasive option involves a tool called an arthroscope. |
0578c177ce4862955cfda18361090a29 | How are high triglyceride levels treated? | Your doctor should check on whether you do, and if so, help you get both your diabetes and your triglycerides under control. High triglyceride levels can be a clue that you have fatty liver disease. |
25058676f8ad376f929359de4f10eeb6 | Do high triglyceride levels affect your liver? | High triglyceride levels can be a clue that you have fatty liver disease. Poor eating habits lead not only to high levels of fat in the bloodstream (triglycerides) but increased storage of fat throughout the body, including in the liver. Elevations in liver function tests (like ALT and AST) can indicate that fatty liver is present. Fatty liver usually does not cause symptoms, but unless reversed, fatty liver can lead to permanent liver damage and cirrhosis. |
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