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55ddb242a048943e2c175d50b3fb0602 | What is a carcinoembryonic antigen test used for? | The test can often help predict whether the cancer is growing or spreading to other parts of your body. It can also help tell how well your treatment has worked and predict your outlook. Your doctor might give you a CEA test if you're diagnosed with one of these cancers: Bladder Breast Colon and/or rectal Lung Ovarian Pancreatic Stomach Thyroid Doctors don't use the CEA test to make a first-time diagnosis of cancer. |
db8d8da3db5f0884b713c2fa0443c67a | What do results of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test mean? | A higher-than-normal CEA level that increases over time might signal that your cancer has grown or has come back after treatment. But high levels of CEA do not always mean you have cancer. These other conditions can also increase levels: Breast cysts Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is a breathing disorder Infections Inflammatory bowel disease, which causes diarrhea, pain, weight loss Liver disease Lung problems Ulcers Pancreatitis You might also have higher than normal levels if you are pregnant or you smoke. |
dc560a82ad55e93d8f788c4390c0b422 | How is a carcinoembryonic antigen test done? | The test takes a sample of your blood. It can be done in the doctor's office. The doctor will place a needle into a vein in your arm to draw out the blood. You might feel a slight pinch or sting when the needle goes in. Sometimes doctors will test CEA levels in another bodily fluid, such as: Cerebrospinal (from the spine) Peritoneal (from the abdomen) Pleural (from the area next to the lungs) You may need to go to a hospital for these tests. |
c5d7c591670f00e3998f82889b38d784 | What are complications of a carcinoemnbryonic antigen test? | With the needle stick, you might have: Bleeding Infection Bruising Dizziness Soreness where the needle was placed in your arm Your blood sample will be sent to a lab. |
5a7fd2ace6b0aebc260acb8735a867d5 | What are treatments for dry eyes and mouth caused by primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)? | Dry eyes and mouth: Start with over-the-counter artificial tears. If they don't work, see your eye doctor for prescription drops. You can also find saliva substitutes to help with a dry mouth. Prescription options are available if they don't do the trick. You can also suck on hard candy or chew gum to help with dry mouth. |
0c3ec92692b6cbacf8d6bed1ad5e1a9d | What are treatments for itchy skin caused by primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)? | If it isn't too bad, try over-the-counter antihistamines that contain diphenhydramine. They can make you sleepy, so you might try them if itching keeps you awake at night. If they don't help, your doctor can prescribe something else like cholestyramine ( Novo- Cholamine, Prevalite, Questran), naltrexone ( Revia), rifampin ( Rifadin, Rimactane), and sertraline ( Zoloft). |
65a67ffdf8293b09313473df8cd32542 | What can help your tattoo color last? | When you leave the tattoo shop, your ink will look like a million bucks. It will be bright and shiny. That's not going to last. The tattoo will fade over time. Always put sunscreen on it, especially in the summer, to keep the colors bright -- SPF 45 or higher is best. And moisturize it daily, especially if it's on an area of your body, such as your hands, where it can fade quickly. |
5b3cfb42958024818771f6dc3be259cc | How can you help your dehydrated child at home? | If your child has about any of the following symptoms, he or she may be dehydrated: Headache Nausea/vomiting Pees less Dark yellow pee Overly tired Dizziness/passes out You may be able to help your child rehydrate at home. Have him continue to drink unsweetened fluids. Let him eat. Encourage him to rest. Keep an eye on him for other symptoms. |
039ec0f4a4228e67542d1779c62ad545 | When should you call a doctor if your child is dehydrated? | Call the doctor if: Any of his symptoms get worse. He has diarrhea. He is lethargic or sleepier than normal. He seems confused or passes out. |
ff4bc88b98cc726a05e264bf64beeb0e | How do I know if my child is dehydrated? | If your child has about any of the following symptoms, he or she may be dehydrated: Headache Nausea/vomiting Pees less Dark yellow pee Overly tired Dizziness/passes out You may be able to help your child rehydrate at home. |
b235639883e33c29cc7ea51925b3e56c | What are the symptoms of folic acid deficiency anemia? | Any kind of anemia can cause problems like: Fatigue Lack of energy Feeling short of breath Headaches Pale skin Racing heart Weight loss or not feeling hungry Ringing in your ears If your anemia is caused by not having enough folate in your body, you could also notice the following: Reduced sense of taste Diarrhea Pins and needles feeling or numbness in your hands and feet Muscle weakness Depression To check for folate deficiency anemia, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms. |
9c94fe2444bcf049b955ace7657c34f4 | What are complications from folic acid deficiency anemia? | Most cases of this type of anemia are easily treated. Severe effects are rare. But if you've been without folate for a long time, your risk of having some types of cancer and heart disease goes up. You might also find it harder to get pregnant. Your fertility will likely return to normal once you're getting enough folate again. If you are pregnant and don't get enough folate, you are at higher risk of a placental abruption. This happens when the placenta pulls away from the uterus wall and disrupts blood flow to your fetus. It can cause pain and increased bleeding. Your fetus could die. Your unborn child can also be harmed by too little folate. She may have a low birth weight or be born before her due date. She's also more likely to have spina bifida, a disease that causes damage to the spinal cord and nerves. |
7dae6246c0a7022517386b7f6a0b9e27 | How is folic acid deficiency anemia treated? | Folate deficiency anemia is prevented and treated by eating a healthy diet. This includes foods rich in folic acid, such as nuts, leafy green vegetables, enriched breads and cereals, and fruit. Your doctor will also likely prescribe you a daily folic acid supplement. If your folate levels return to normal, you may be able to stop taking it. But some people need a supplement for life. |
3ee7ec1f68abf13747f1027641c3736a | How is folic acid deficiency anemia diagnosed? | Any kind of anemia can cause problems like: Fatigue Lack of energy Feeling short of breath Headaches Pale skin Racing heart Weight loss or not feeling hungry Ringing in your ears If your anemia is caused by not having enough folate in your body, you could also notice the following: Reduced sense of taste Diarrhea Pins and needles feeling or numbness in your hands and feet Muscle weakness Depression To check for folate deficiency anemia, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms. He might also order blood tests and a complete blood count ( CBC) test to measure the number and appearance of your red blood cells. If you have a lack of folate, your red blood cells look large and immature. |
a9485db6bd4f16f573903aac8d6113ac | What is folic acid deficiency anemia? | Anemia is a condition that happens when you don't have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen to your body's tissues. One reason could be that you don't have enough hemoglobin to make red blood cells. That's a protein in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body. You can also become anemic by not getting enough folate (vitamin B9), the natural form of folic acid found in foods. |
fd3e8945b7def9117f39f2f57ba0378f | What are the symptoms of dissociative fugue? | A fugue in progress often is difficult for others to recognize because the person's outward behavior appears normal. Symptoms of dissociative fugue might include the following: Sudden and unplanned travel away from home Inability to recall past events or important information from the person's life Confusion or loss of memory about his or her identity, possibly assuming a new identity to make up for the loss Extreme distress and problems with daily functioning (due to the fugue episodes) Dissociative fugue has been linked to severe stress, which might be the result of traumatic events -- such as war, abuse, accidents, disasters, or extreme violence -- that the person has experienced or witnessed. |
02dd43c28aa5c143526972dc13f7b492 | How is dissociative fugue diagnosed? | If symptoms of dissociative fugue are present, the doctor will often begin an evaluation by performing a complete medical history and physical exam. Although there are no lab tests to specifically diagnose dissociative disorders, the doctor might sometimes recommend various diagnostic tests, such as neuroimaging studies, electroencephalograms ( EEGs), and blood tests, to rule out physical illness or medication side effects if these are suspected as causing the symptoms. Certain conditions -- including brain diseases (such as epilepsy), head injuries, drug and alcohol intoxication, and sleep deprivation -- can lead to symptoms similar to those of dissociative disorders, including amnesia (loss of memory). If no physical illness is found, the person might be referred to a psychiatrist or psychologist, health care professionals who are specially trained to diagnose and treat mental illnesses. Psychiatrists and psychologists use specially designed interviews and assessment tools to evaluate a person for a dissociative disorder. |
398de3403685d57e5f04006567be1112 | Can dissociative fugue be prevented? | Treatment also aims to develop new coping methods to prevent further fugue episodes. |
4677d8fcb9febcd6452262d1c7c3f40a | What's a rigid bronchoscopy? | In rigid bronchoscopy, a long metal tube (rigid bronchoscope) is advanced into a person's windpipe and main airways. The rigid bronchoscope's large diameter allows the doctor to use more sophisticated surgical tools and techniques. Rigid bronchoscopy requires general anesthesia (unconsciousness with assisted breathing), similar to a surgical procedure. |
077a4db26a6dec48a7629943509f24a8 | What is a flexible bronchoscopy? | During bronchoscopy, a doctor advances a flexible endoscope (bronchoscope) through a person's mouth or nose into the windpipe. The doctor advances the bronchoscope through the airways in each lung, checking for problems. Images from inside the lung are displayed on a video screen. The bronchoscope has a channel at its tip, through which a doctor can pass small tools. Using these tools, the doctor can perform several other interventional pulmonology procedures. |
526d4feb59008d00f1ce347a3b8c9b93 | What is the advantage of interventional pulmonology procedures? | Interventional pulmonology procedures offer the potential advantage of avoiding more invasive surgery. For example, before interventional pulmonology, biopsy of lymph nodes in the chest required chest wall surgery. |
12f43e389abc522b253d1eedbce6deaf | What is a balloon bronchoplasty? | A doctor advances a deflated balloon into a section of abnormally narrowed airway. By inflating the balloon with water, the airway is expanded, potentially relieving symptoms. Balloon bronchoplasty may be performed prior to airway stent placement to help expand a bronchus. |
f140ba9f93fd348d05989d179ede0fd1 | What is bronchoalveolar lavage? | Bronchoalveolar lavage is performed during bronchoscopy. Sterile water is injected through the bronchoscope into a segment of the lung. The fluid is then suctioned back and sent for tests. Bronchoalveolar lavage can help diagnose infection, cancer, bleeding, and other conditions. |
9411d413b1138cff000d26cbc0454ad5 | What is bronchoscopic thermoplasty? | Thermoplasty is an interventional pulmonology procedure for certain people with severe asthma that can't be controlled with medications. During bronchoscopy, a doctor applies a heat probe to the walls of the airways. The heat destroys the smooth muscle layers whose constriction contributes to asthma symptoms. |
37b1d55d42dd36c4e426621415a36712 | What is pleurodesis? | Pleurodesis is an interventional pulmonology procedure performed for people with recurring pleural effusions (fluid around the lungs). In pleurodesis, a doctor makes an incision in the chest wall. A plastic tube is inserted into the chest cavity, and an irritating chemical is sprayed around the lung. Over time, the inflamed lung lining (pleura) adheres tightly to the chest wall. This prevents fluid from reaccumulating around the lung. |
bbd5f2d7e7304ca272363079dc203e37 | How can you tell if you have swimmer's ear? | If it hurts when you tug or press your ear, you may have swimmer's ear. |
1fac7f6313e1ac7ab0d24eb9f5b3e076 | Why do people get swimmer's ear? | Most of the time, your ear fights off the germs that cause swimmer's ear on its own. You can thank your earwax for that. While it doesn't get much respect, earwax helps protect the ear canal from damage and makes it hard for germs to grow. But if the skin gets scratched, germs can get into your ear canal and cause an infection. |
32f37d14ed83a506756ccc4749c3d984 | What things can play a role in swimmer's ear? | Other things can play a role in swimmer's ear, like: Your age. While swimmer's ear can happen to anyone, it's most common in kids and early teenagers. Narrow ear canals. Kids often have ear canals that are small and don't drain as well. Skin reactions and conditions. Sometimes hair products, cosmetics, and jewelry can irritate your skin and raise the odds of getting swimmer's ear. So can skin problems like eczema and psoriasis. |
8c15b43e550344de51ea5e5266af020a | What causes swimmer's ear and what are the symptoms? | Usually, swimmer's ear is caused by bacteria, but it can sometimes be brought on by a virus or fungus. Symptoms you may get are: Itchiness in the ear Pain, which can become severe Trouble hearing (sound may seem muffled as your ear canal swells) Fluid or pus draining out of the ear Here's one way to tell which type of ear infection you have. |
4a58fed63170ac2effe76727a2713ac6 | Is swimmer's ear an ear infection? | Swimmer's ear is different from the common ear infection that your young child often gets after a cold. Those are middle ear infections, or "otitis media" in doctor speak, and they happen deeper in the ear, behind the eardrum. |
b05a6c08b8e10883c12b14a932b9c5ff | How is swimmer's ear diagnosed and treated? | If you have ear pain, don't wait -- see your doctor right away. Getting treatment quickly can stop an infection from getting worse. During your appointment, your doctor will look in your ear and may gently clean it out. This will help treatments work better. Then, you'll probably get eardrops that may have antibiotics, steroids, or other ingredients to fight the infection and help with swelling. In some cases, you may need to take antibiotic pills, too. |
b7e83ac1ae61d867ccd848e69e8d59ae | I'm perimenopausal and have been told I should be taking low-dose birth control pills. Why? | Compared to regular birth control pills, the lower dose of estrogen in very-low-dose pills may be safer for perimenopausal women. ( Perimenopause typically begins several years before your final period.) While regular birth control pills contain 30 to 50 micrograms of estrogen, these low-dose pills contain only 0.3 to 0.45 micrograms and can be increased as needed. |
b2b2522ae03083f6a633e0c179e267ac | What can I do about painful sex since menopause? | The pain you are experiencing during sex is may be due to vaginal dryness associated with declining estrogen levels during menopause. Talk to your doctor about possible causes of painful intercourse. There are a number of lubricants you can try to relieve the symptoms. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a suggestion. There are also local estrogen treatments -- cream, tablets, and an estrogen ring -- that treat vaginal dryness. A oral drug taken once a day, Osphena, is also available. The drug makes vaginal tissue thicker and less fragile, resulting in less pain for women during sex. |
53e00911bbcd8ba5f79d4c0a7c15a732 | Should I be concerned about birth control now that I've begun menopause? | Until you have gone one year without a period, you should still use birth control if you do not want to become pregnant. After menopause, you should continue to practice safe sex techniques by using latex condoms to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections. |
2906f2eafa6c2ddf1bf72f28b8912793 | Are hot flashes different for different women? | While hot flashes (or flushes) are very common in perimenopause, not all women experience them, and not all flashes are of the same intensity. Hot flashes can be as mild as a light blush or severe enough to wake you from a sound sleep and be associated with perspiration (called night sweats). Most hot flashes last 30 seconds to five minutes. They usually disappear within a few years after menopause, but in some women they can continue for decades. |
716902bd6ebb3c92c18703efe3e4fb16 | What are some of the benefits of taking low-dose birth control pills? | In addition to preventing pregnancy, the pills can often regulate heavy or irregular menstrual periods and may provide protection from ovarian and uterine cancer. The pills may also prevent bone loss, which can lead to osteoporosis. However, women with a history of breast cancer, blood clots, or heart disease, or women who smoke, should not take these pills. |
6abb002791eae6b3e03eb7857c1177a3 | Besides hormone replacement therapy, how can I treat hot flashes? | While HRT relieves hot flashes for many women, there are other drug treatments that may offer relief. These include both over-the-counter and prescription therapies you may recognize for their more common medical uses. Over-the-counter therapies include various vitamins, ibuprofen products, and soy protein found in foods. Prescription treatments include: HRT Low-dose depression drugs fluoxetine ( Prozac), paroxetine ( Paxil), or venlafaxine ( Effexor) Clonidine, blood pressure medication Gabapentin, anti-seizure drug Brisdelle, a paroxetine formula specifically for hot flashes Duavee, a conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene formula designed to treat hot flashes Natural or bioidentical supplements containing compounds that act like estrogens -- such as soybeans or wild yams -- may provide some of the benefits of estrogen in relieving menopausal symptoms. |
14a0f2e6f1042dfe1f67b5bde6acd92a | What ingredients are in dandruff shampoo? | Not all dandruff shampoos are alike. Some have different active ingredients, such as: Coal tar preparations ( Denorex Therapeutic Protection, Neutrogena T/ Gel, Scytera) Pyrithione zinc ( Selsun Blue for Itchy Dry Scalp, Neutrogena T/ Gel Daily Control Dandruff Shampoo, Head & Shoulders) Salicylic acid and sulfur ( Sebex, Sebulex) Salicylic acid ( Neutrogena T/ Sal ) Selenium sulfide ( Dandrex, Head & Shoulders Clinical Strength, Selsun) Ketoconazole ( Extina, Nizoral A- D, Xolegel) You may need to switch between types of shampoos if one type controls the dandruff at first but later loses its effectiveness. |
fbbbc746e847dc6d7577e98a0cb78953 | When should I see a doctor about dandruff? | If you're still scratching and shedding after trying over-the-counter preparations, see your doctor. For really stubborn dandruff cases, you may need to use a prescription shampoo or topical medication. |
c02153bddfc9326160c9aba41fee4746 | How should I use dandruff shampoos? | When shampooing your hair, rub the shampoo into your scalp well. Leave the shampoo on your head for 5 minutes, or as directed, before you rinse. Rinse thoroughly. Any leftover shampoo may irritate your skin. Once your dandruff is under control, you may be able to use the dandruff shampoo less frequently. |
2b9831f597251f34ef029e86f1132899 | How is dandruff treated? | Two of the quickest ways to get started are to brush your hair and try a dandruff shampoo. Brush your hair from your scalp down with steady, firm strokes. This will carry the oil from your scalp, where the buildup of oil and skin cells can cause dandruff, along the hair strands, where it will keep your hair shiny and healthy. |
d45e70d832f9412619b0cc3c312c97a8 | What can I do to prevent denture problems? | Wearing dentures can be difficult at first. It may take time to get used to them. But you can prevent denture problems by taking good care of your dentures and seeing your dentist every six months for regular checkups. If you notice changes to the way your dentures fit or any other mouth problems, see your dentist right away. |
7ecd71cbe27f67b01211ee789cc4d4c1 | Who should I call if I have problems with my dentures? | Otherwise, the following problems may occur: Gum and mouth irritation Problems eating and speaking Dentures that move around in your mouth Mouth infections If you have problems with your dentures, see your dentist right away. Your dentures may need to be adjusted or replaced. |
3760a18f78671fa8eeb195e2b7177ec1 | What are some tips for cleaning your dentures? | Here are some tips for cleaning your dentures: Soak your dentures overnight in a denture cleaner. Thoroughly clean them each morning before putting them in your mouth. Use a soft-bristled brush or special denture-cleaning brush. You can use plain soap and warm water or ask your dentist to recommend a denture cleaner. Never use powdered household cleaners or bleach on your dentures, nor toothpaste, which is too abrasive. |
f49f0c052f8d0f41a2438e0a428be41f | What are common problems when using dentures? | If you wear dentures, it is very important you keep your mouth clean and healthy. You should also only wear dentures that fit properly. Otherwise, the following problems may occur: Gum and mouth irritation Problems eating and speaking Dentures that move around in your mouth Mouth infections If you have problems with your dentures, see your dentist right away. |
ecd5d5a5218af0fa0ceb8ed4ea21a732 | Are there tips for living an easier life with multiple sclerosis? | Tips for Living With MS Take advantage of simple lifestyle changes to ease your multiple sclerosis symptoms. Some of the keys to a smoother day: Improve your sleep habits, eat healthy food, and get smart with technology. |
e916eda7807046ebd97c3f98754487c9 | If I am always hungry, could it be stress? | Other effects of sleep deprivation include: A hard time staying alert Change in mood Clumsiness More accidents Trouble staying awake during the day Weight gain When you're anxious or tense, your body releases a hormone called cortisol. This amps up your feeling of hunger. Many people under stress also crave foods high in sugar, fat, or both. It may be your body's attempt to "shut off" the part of your brain that causes you to worry. Other symptoms include: Angry outbursts Fatigue Headache Sleep problems Upset stomach Not all foods fill you up the same way. |
88685cb886ef5a4ac2f088a151ffe045 | If I am always hungry, could it be because I am pregnant? | Many moms-to-be notice a huge leap in appetite. This is your body's way of making sure the baby gets enough nutrients to grow. Most women gain between 4 and 6 pounds during the first 3 months (your doctor will call this the first trimester) and then 1 pound a week during the second and third. Other signs that you might be pregnant are: A missed period The need to pee often Upset stomach Sore breasts or breasts that get bigger The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in your neck. |
1ac36dd07aaa211ff4ee7b11324de7ef | Is my hunger caused by diabetes? | Your body turns the sugar in food into fuel called glucose. But when you have diabetes, glucose can't reach your cells. Your body pees it out instead and tells you to eat more. People who have type 1 diabetes, in particular, may eat large amounts of food and still lose weight. In addition to a spike in your appetite, symptoms of diabetes may include: Extreme thirst The need to pee more often Weight loss you can't explain Blurry vision Cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal Tingling or pain in your hands or feet Fatigue Hypoglycemia is what you have when the glucose in your body drops to very low levels. |
2e0b29a608504b34efb1e7974621a1d3 | What are the symptoms of diabetes? | In addition to a spike in your appetite, symptoms of diabetes may include: Extreme thirst The need to pee more often Weight loss you can't explain Blurry vision Cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal Tingling or pain in your hands or feet Fatigue Hypoglycemia is what you have when the glucose in your body drops to very low levels. |
5e12655cc0fbfedeae232edc5c3dc810 | Is my hunger caused by stress? | Other effects of sleep deprivation include: A hard time staying alert Change in mood Clumsiness More accidents Trouble staying awake during the day Weight gain When you're anxious or tense, your body releases a hormone called cortisol. This amps up your feeling of hunger. Many people under stress also crave foods high in sugar, fat, or both. It may be your body's attempt to "shut off" the part of your brain that causes you to worry. Other symptoms include: Angry outbursts Fatigue Headache Sleep problems Upset stomach Not all foods fill you up the same way. |
ab87bf0cbc43d890cf03c736e689cba6 | Is my hunger caused by lack of sleep? | Other symptoms can include: Anxiety Feeling like your heart is skipping a beat Pale skin Shaking Sweating Tingling around the mouth Not getting enough rest can affect the hormones in your body that control hunger. People who are sleep-deprived have a bigger appetite and find it harder to feel full. You're also more likely to crave high-fat, high-calorie foods when you're tired. Other effects of sleep deprivation include: A hard time staying alert Change in mood Clumsiness More accidents Trouble staying awake during the day Weight gain When you're anxious or tense, your body releases a hormone called cortisol. |
c1bdf915a06f563965b6271684044085 | Is my hunger caused by my medication? | Some drugs can make you want to eat more than usual. Antihistamines, which treat allergies, are known for this, as are antidepressants called SSRIs, steroids, some diabetes medicines, and antipsychotic drugs. If you've gained weight since you started a medication, the medicine could be making you feel hungry. Talk to you doctor to find out what other drugs might work for you. |
5bcf2bead810e87c5460ed276adf4903 | If I am always hungry, could it be low blood sugar? | In addition to a spike in your appetite, symptoms of diabetes may include: Extreme thirst The need to pee more often Weight loss you can't explain Blurry vision Cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal Tingling or pain in your hands or feet Fatigue Hypoglycemia is what you have when the glucose in your body drops to very low levels. It's a common concern for people with diabetes, but other health problems can cause it, too. They include hepatitis, kidney disorders, neuroendocrine tumors in your pancreas (insulinomas), and problems with your adrenal or pituitary glands. |
b1b40a7119ca985c4d1c12126aa431e6 | What are the symptoms of low blood sugar? | In severe cases, people with hypoglycemia may seem drunk. They may slur their words and have trouble walking. Other symptoms can include: Anxiety Feeling like your heart is skipping a beat Pale skin Shaking Sweating Tingling around the mouth Not getting enough rest can affect the hormones in your body that control hunger. |
b7a7dff65d37810d02ba56480c2138b1 | If I am always hungry, could it be my medication? | Some drugs can make you want to eat more than usual. Antihistamines, which treat allergies, are known for this, as are antidepressants called SSRIs, steroids, some diabetes medicines, and antipsychotic drugs. If you've gained weight since you started a medication, the medicine could be making you feel hungry. Talk to you doctor to find out what other drugs might work for you. |
3757c5cb711dc8b1a3de30659f610afb | If I am always hungry, could it be lack of sleep? | Other symptoms can include: Anxiety Feeling like your heart is skipping a beat Pale skin Shaking Sweating Tingling around the mouth Not getting enough rest can affect the hormones in your body that control hunger. People who are sleep-deprived have a bigger appetite and find it harder to feel full. You're also more likely to crave high-fat, high-calorie foods when you're tired. Other effects of sleep deprivation include: A hard time staying alert Change in mood Clumsiness More accidents Trouble staying awake during the day Weight gain When you're anxious or tense, your body releases a hormone called cortisol. |
fcf9a856cc2b905b1f3e64d0298a5e37 | If I am always hungry, could it be diabetes? | Your body turns the sugar in food into fuel called glucose. But when you have diabetes, glucose can't reach your cells. Your body pees it out instead and tells you to eat more. People who have type 1 diabetes, in particular, may eat large amounts of food and still lose weight. |
a9c43238e420a36e7efd6661e291a37c | Is my hunger caused by low blood sugar? | In addition to a spike in your appetite, symptoms of diabetes may include: Extreme thirst The need to pee more often Weight loss you can't explain Blurry vision Cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal Tingling or pain in your hands or feet Fatigue Hypoglycemia is what you have when the glucose in your body drops to very low levels. It's a common concern for people with diabetes, but other health problems can cause it, too. They include hepatitis, kidney disorders, neuroendocrine tumors in your pancreas (insulinomas), and problems with your adrenal or pituitary glands. In severe cases, people with hypoglycemia may seem drunk. They may slur their words and have trouble walking. Other symptoms can include: Anxiety Feeling like your heart is skipping a beat Pale skin Shaking Sweating Tingling around the mouth Not getting enough rest can affect the hormones in your body that control hunger. |
07bf651fd77f8e19dc745c93bceceed3 | Is my hunger caused by diet soda? | But the fake sugar in these drinks tells your brain to expect calories it can use for fuel. When your body doesn't get any, it turns on your "hunger switch" and tells you to get calories from food instead. If diet soda is making you hungry, you may also notice: Headaches Sugar cravings Weight gain Are you hungry or just thirsty? |
49c3e1f48e4ac0f5c7e12a725ffb28de | When does cradle cap (seborrhea) usually show up in babies? | Greasy, yellowish crusts appear on the scalp and may include a red, irritating rash on the face, behind the ears, on the neck, and even in the armpits. Your doctor will tell you how to best treat this common condition, depending on your baby's symptoms. |
13a6f1e1b0f753c152de6d1a4dbffd2e | How often do new rashes appear in newborns? | New rashes may appear in babies after a few days, weeks, or even months. |
ad0c54d56ae8b1e26b78ec989d2f34e3 | When should you worry about your newborn's rash? | While most rashes are not serious, a few need very close attention: Fluid-filled blisters (especially ones with opaque, yellowish fluid) can indicate a serious infection, like a bacterial infection or herpes. Small red or purplish dots over the body (''petechiae'') can be caused by a viral infection or a potentially very serious bacterial infection. These will not lighten with pressure. Any infant with possible petechiae should be evaluated by a doctor immediately. |
54c13e3471cabbaed1eb5991ba4dc39a | What are salmon patches in newborns? | Salmon patches (called a ''stork bite'' at the back of the neck or an ''angel's kiss'' between the eyes) are simple nests of blood vessels (probably caused by maternal hormones) that fade on their own after a few weeks or months. Occasionally, stork bites never go away. |
79454cec4f7c7edac4883f3668322645 | What are Mongolian spots in newborns? | Mongolian spots are very common in any part of the body of dark-skinned babies. They are flat, gray-blue in color (almost looking like a bruise), and can be small or large. They are caused by some pigment that didn't make it to the top layer when baby's skin was being formed. They are harmless and usually fade away by school age. |
f7562cc4360596423e09d050f6b9a94d | What causes little white bumps on the nose and face of your newborn? | When a baby's oil glands enlarge and open up in a few days or weeks, the white bumps disappear. |
b7485bfdb594ffb12d0a7158de002da6 | How can medical alert systems help with caregiving? | Medical alert systems have a bracelet or pendant with an alarm button. When your loved one presses the button -- if they fall or are in trouble -- an operator at a call center answers. Depending on the company you choose, they'll notify a specific person or an emergency service, or perhaps talk through a device like a speakerphone. Some wearables might detect that the person has fallen, too. You may also be able to get more help buttons that you can place around their home, like near the bath, in case they aren't wearing their device. |
72a848ebb01cc63ba8026b983b3ea3d0 | What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis? | Acute osteomyelitis develops rapidly over a period of seven to 10 days. The symptoms for acute and chronic osteomyelitis are very similar and include: Fever, irritability, fatigue Nausea Tenderness, redness, and warmth in the area of the infection Swelling around the affected bone Lost range of motion Osteomyelitis in the vertebrae makes itself known through severe back pain, especially at night. |
1e3ef7538564110c94528a21be6a588d | How can you recover from osteomyelitis? | The sooner you treat osteomyelitis, the better. In cases of acute osteomyelitis, early treatment prevents the condition from becoming a chronic problem that requires ongoing treatment. Besides the pain and inconvenience of repeated infections, getting osteomyelitis under control early provides the best chance for recovery. |
bcbd1992600841b72978133246ef07b6 | How can you prevent osteomyelitis? | The best way to prevent osteomyelitis is to keep things clean. If you or your child has a cut, especially a deep cut, wash it completely. Flush out any open wound under running water for five minutes, then bandage it in sterile bandages. |
c4f53860e0fdf3cea6f383b035729cd9 | How is osteomyelitis treated? | Antibiotics help bring the infection under control and often make it possible to avoid surgery. People with osteomyelitis usually get antibiotics for several weeks through an IV, and then switch to a pill. More serious or chronic osteomyelitis requires surgery to remove the infected tissue and bone. Osteomyelitis surgery prevents the infection from spreading further or getting so bad that amputation is the only remaining option. |
0b50f8e5ad4021609839c9cb735a343d | What should you do if you have chronic osteomyelitis? | If you have chronic osteomyelitis, make sure your doctor knows about your medical history so you can work together to keep the condition under control. If you have diabetes, pay close attention to your feet and contact your doctor at the first sign of infection. |
e5a433e5928ea24d7bfc8c7cb93d3756 | What is osteomyelitis? | Bones can become infected in a number of ways: Infection in one part of the body may spread through the bloodstream into the bone, or an open fracture or surgery may expose the bone to infection. |
2a11e102071b647ddd9db039e83f76f8 | Who gets osteomyelitis? | Only 2 out of every 10,000 people get osteomyelitis. The condition affects children and adults, although in different ways. Certain conditions and behaviors that weaken the immune system increase a person's risk for osteomyelitis, including: Diabetes (most cases of osteomyelitis stem from diabetes) Sickle cell disease HIV or AIDS Rheumatoid arthritis Intravenous drug use Alcoholism Long-term use of steroids Hemodialysis Poor blood supply Recent injury Bone surgery, including hip and knee replacements, also increase the chance of bone infection. |
3ab1bb2316aeb80394d17cb0d13ec899 | What is osteomyelitis like in children? | In children, osteomyelitis is usually acute. Acute osteomyelitis comes on quickly, is easier to treat, and overall turns out better than chronic osteomyelitis. In children, osteomyelitis usually shows up in arm or leg bones. |
b1f077599ddc5dca1257a7513224f0ff | What is osteomyelitis like in adults? | In adults, osteomyelitis can be either acute or chronic. People with diabetes, HIV, or peripheral vascular disease are more prone to chronic osteomyelitis, which persists or recurs, despite treatment. Whether chronic or acute, osteomyelitis often affects an adult's pelvis or vertebrae of the spine. It can also occur in the feet, especially in a person with diabetes. |
18d04c172bdce57e71a634b5946b49b3 | What are risks of taking methadone? | Tell your doctor if you have: Heart disease A heart rhythm disorder An electrolyte imbalance Breathing problems or lung disease A history of head injury, brain tumor, or seizures Liver or kidney disease Problems urinating Gallbladder, pancreas, or thyroid problems A condition for which you take sedatives Drugs than can affect methadone include: Other narcotics Drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing Drugs that change your serotonin level You can become dependent on it. Your brain may begin to rely on the pain relief it brings. Even though the effects are milder than other opioids, your body can still adapt to it. This means that you'll need to take more to feel the same relief from pain or withdrawal symptoms, which can lead to abuse and addiction. Your doctor will call this tolerance. No two people react the same to methadone. Your doctor calculates the dose that's right for you. Changing it can lead to dangerous side effects or an overdose. |
099d1bd0156c11834509e78c8e52d5e0 | Which drugs can affect how methadone works? | Tell your doctor if you have: Heart disease A heart rhythm disorder An electrolyte imbalance Breathing problems or lung disease A history of head injury, brain tumor, or seizures Liver or kidney disease Problems urinating Gallbladder, pancreas, or thyroid problems A condition for which you take sedatives Drugs than can affect methadone include: Other narcotics Drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing Drugs that change your serotonin level You can become dependent on it. |
f9f024c032b200d891a6d4fc605619d8 | What are symptoms of a methadone overdose? | Overdose symptoms can include: Slow breathing Slow heart rate Severe drowsiness Weak muscles Cold, clammy skin Small pupils Fainting In some cases, overdose can be fatal. It's important to be honest with your doctor about your methadone use. |
d513689565db6b02d9d861ea13228047 | Who should not take methadone? | Some people shouldn't take methadone. Tell your doctor if you have: Heart disease A heart rhythm disorder An electrolyte imbalance Breathing problems or lung disease A history of head injury, brain tumor, or seizures Liver or kidney disease Problems urinating Gallbladder, pancreas, or thyroid problems A condition for which you take sedatives Drugs than can affect methadone include: Other narcotics Drugs that make you sleepy or slow your breathing Drugs that change your serotonin level You can become dependent on it. |
b207388e07e70370cdc0d936c205a9df | How are electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used for mixed features of bipolar episode? | Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT) Despite its frightening reputation, electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT) is an effective treatment for any phase of bipolar disorder, including manic episodes with mixed features. ECT can be helpful if medication fails or can't be used. |
b26e914717f1b639414b6b4e57f9e34d | How are mood stabilizers used for mixed features of bipolar episode? | Mood Stabilizers While lithium is often considered a gold standard treatment for mania, it may be less effective when mania and depression occur simultaneously, as in a manic episode with mixed features. Lithium has been used for more than 60 years to treat bipolar disorder. It can take weeks to work fully, making it better for maintenance treatment than for acute manic episodes. Blood levels of lithium and other lab test results must be monitored to avoid side effects. Valproic acid ( Depakote) is an antiseizure medication that also levels out moods in bipolar disorder. It has a more rapid onset of action, and in some studies has been shown to be more effective than lithium for the treatment of manic episodes with mixed features. Some other antiseizure drugs, such as and carbamazepine ( Tegretol) and lamotrigine ( Lamictal), are also effective mood stabilizers. |
821499b32df648c604059045a5465567 | How does psychotherapy treat depression? | In addition to the help and support you get from your therapist and/or doctor, there are a few things you can do on your own that will help you feel better: Stay physically active. |
c39c79e9fb3c94794c7d0d076f0b183c | How do antidepressants treat depression? | Antidepressants work by affecting brain chemicals called neurotransmitters and nerve cell pathways or circuits in the brain that regulate mood. Antidepressants effectively treat depression in many people who take them. However, they can take four to six weeks to notice an effect, so it's important to be patient. Antidepressants sometimes can also have side effects, including weight gain and sexual problems. It may take some time to find the right medication that works best for you with the fewest side effects. |
3804fa10f6defca889c44b496bbc1329 | What are the treatments for depression? | Depression treatment involves either antidepressant medication, psychotherapy, or both. People with mild to moderate depression can benefit from therapy alone. Aerobic exercise is also sometimes recommended as an effective treatment for mild to moderate forms of depression. People with more severe depression usually do better with medication and therapy. Note that once you start treatment, you may notice improvements in symptoms such as sleep or appetite before you begin to feel less depressed. |
3c0ba9fb59aa652d1d9dd4e1ac7453b4 | When should you talk to your doctor about atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | Sometimes, it's linked to: Heavy alcohol, caffeine, or drug use Infections Genetics When your heart is in AFib, you might feel: Like your heart is racing or fluttering in your chest (palpitations) Fatigued or weak Dizzy or lightheaded Chest pain or pressure Short of breath If you have these symptoms, call your doctor and make an appointment as soon as possible. If they last more than 24 hours, go to the hospital. Sometimes it doesn't cause any symptoms. If you're at risk, talk to your doctor about your chances for having AFib, and get regular checkups. |
ad3177f6c0fb293d500a1a54ff0d9081 | What is atrial fibrillation (AFib) linked to? | Other heart problems can make it more likely: Heart disease due to high blood pressure Heart valve disease Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) Heart defect from birth (congenital heart defect) Heart failure Past heart surgery People with certain medical conditions have a greater chance, too: Long-term lung disease (such as COPD) Overactive thyroid gland Sleep apnea Medicines (including adenosine, digitalis, and theophylline) can raise the chance of having AFib. Sometimes, it's linked to: Heavy alcohol, caffeine, or drug use Infections Genetics When your heart is in AFib, you might feel: Like your heart is racing or fluttering in your chest (palpitations) Fatigued or weak Dizzy or lightheaded Chest pain or pressure Short of breath If you have these symptoms, call your doctor and make an appointment as soon as possible. |
f23cee10246da605cdd6a2516138c3a3 | What are the symptoms of atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | Sometimes, it's linked to: Heavy alcohol, caffeine, or drug use Infections Genetics When your heart is in AFib, you might feel: Like your heart is racing or fluttering in your chest (palpitations) Fatigued or weak Dizzy or lightheaded Chest pain or pressure Short of breath If you have these symptoms, call your doctor and make an appointment as soon as possible. |
40bd4afdcebb0fb898ff7dc7b9ca25f6 | Who can get atrial fibrillation (AFib)? | It's more common in people 60 and older. Other heart problems can make it more likely: Heart disease due to high blood pressure Heart valve disease Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) Heart defect from birth (congenital heart defect) Heart failure Past heart surgery People with certain medical conditions have a greater chance, too: Long-term lung disease (such as COPD) Overactive thyroid gland Sleep apnea Medicines (including adenosine, digitalis, and theophylline) can raise the chance of having AFib. |
5f12d076815acfe1631a62e31895c3df | Is it safe to give cow's milk to babies under age 1? | It doesn't have enough iron, vitamin E, and essential fatty acids for your baby. Also, it contains too much protein, sodium, and potassium for your child's body to absorb and can cause harm. Wait to introduce cow's milk until your baby is 1 year old. You also don't want to give your baby soy milk or homemade formula. These substitutes may not have the balance of nutrition baby needs right now. |
81f8ffefd954979bf82e5f60eebed253 | What fortifiers are added to the milk for babies who need special nutrition? | Babies who were born early (before 37 weeks) or at a low birth weight (less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces) need special nutrition to help them catch up on growth. Breast-fed babies may get a fortifier added to the milk, which contains: Extra calories Extra fat Protein Vitamins Minerals Babies who can't breast-feed will need a special formula made for preterm babies. These formulas are higher in calories. They also contain extra protein, vitamins, and minerals. |
ae402fa0a7a799db378201c991088bf7 | How important are nucleotides in nutrition for infants? | These building blocks of RNA and DNA are also found in breast milk and added to some formulas. They are thought to boost the baby's immune system and help the digestive organs develop. |
0ac65683b0da5c7fd48d733463f8310b | How important are essential fatty acids in infant formulas? | They are fortified to make them as close to breast milk as possible, and to give babies all the nutrients they need to grow and be healthy. Most cow's milk formulas contain: Carbohydrates, in the form of the milk sugar "lactose" Iron Protein Minerals, such as calcium and zinc Vitamins, including A, C, D, E, and the B vitamins Some formulas add other nutrients to make them even more like breast milk, such as: Essential fatty acids. ARA and DHA are fatty acids that are important for the baby's brain and vision. They're naturally found in breast milk when the mother includes them in her own diet. Many formulas add them. Yet there's not a lot of evidence that formulas supplemented with fatty acids offer kids any real advantages as they grow. |
1b3706a10dc2b330fb1daa3a575cc8c2 | What are formulas for infants made of? | They are fortified to make them as close to breast milk as possible, and to give babies all the nutrients they need to grow and be healthy. Most cow's milk formulas contain: Carbohydrates, in the form of the milk sugar "lactose" Iron Protein Minerals, such as calcium and zinc Vitamins, including A, C, D, E, and the B vitamins Some formulas add other nutrients to make them even more like breast milk, such as: Essential fatty acids. |
6e724e4d63bbc98840b83cdd9d1475af | What over-the-counter medicines help for a cough? | You have two main choices in the cold-and-flu aisle: Cough suppressants , like dextromethorphan, can provide relief for a short time. They work on the part of your brain that controls the process. Expectorants, like guaifenesin, can break up congestion in your chest by thinning the mucus in your airways. This way, when you do cough, you can get rid of phlegm more easily. Drink plenty of water if you take this medicine. |
df2fd92c0a81023cd690783441dff940 | Can over-the-counter medicines cure a cold? | Over-the-counter medicines won't cure your cold, but they might make you feel better, so you can rest as it runs its course. |
1d1608073458e7d802d37c06606c53e3 | Can I take over-the-counter medicines for fever, aches, and a sore throat? | These symptoms are usually mild with a cold compared to a more serious illness, like the flu. Still, if you feel bad and can't rest, most experts agree it's OK to take something to ease pain and lower a fever, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Always check drug labels for side effects, and follow the instructions for taking the medicine. Make sure it won't mix poorly with any other medications you're taking or health problems you have -- ask your doctor or pharmacist if you're not sure. |
4ab5f267654033f2fe7ecdc7d95fa5f5 | Can tobacco cause cancer? | It doesn't matter whether you're a smoker or breathing in someone else's smoke. At least 70 chemicals in tobacco are known to cause cancer by damaging your DNA. Smokeless tobacco may seem safer, but it can lead to cancer, too. Even light smoking raises your risk, so talk to your doctor about ways to quit. |
0d84a4095abe95fceb60dbff2c3985f5 | Can drinking lots of alcohol raise your chances of getting cancer? | The more booze you drink, the greater your odds of getting certain kinds of cancers, such as: Head and neck Esophageal Breast Liver Colorectal One reason for this may be carcinogenic chemicals produced when beer, wine, and hard liquor are made. Experts suggest women have no more than one drink each day and men no more than two. |
a85482f3931ca00d36c5dfe8c6dd090d | Is processed meat linked to colon cancer? | Bacon, salami, pepperoni, sausage -- any meat that's been preserved or flavored raises your chances of getting colon cancer. Experts reached that view by looking at more than 800 studies. Eating a hot dog every once in a while is fine, but limit how much processed meat you have as much as you can. |
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