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cebd8d8184a0f8a52fc0876383d8ef28 | When should you call your doctor about diabetic retinopathy? | You or your child has been diagnosed with diabetes and you have not discussed retinopathy and routine eye exams with your doctor. You experience either gradual or sudden loss of vision. You have diabetes and are considering pregnancy. You are having trouble sticking to your doctor's recommendations for controlling blood sugar. You have vision loss and would like to discuss options for improving your vision. |
c79016b324b8f5dec198409e16f90361 | How often should I get an eye exam if I am having a baby and have diabetes? | Some of the features of diabetic retinopathy cannot be seen during a basic eye exam and require special exams. |
b61c18f8392457f2f372ddc05513ee8e | What does diabetic retinopathy affect? | High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and obesity can all promote diabetic retinopathy and should be treated. Smoking is also a culprit: Consult with your doctor about methods for quitting. Never ignore the symptoms of infection, which can worsen diabetic retinopathy. Cataract surgery can affect existing retinopathy, too, so discuss the timing of treatments for retinopathy and cataracts with your doctor. |
f559d4ab32dedfd36db25cf698d02429 | How do doctors test for diabetic retinopathy? | A test called fluorescein angiography can reveal changes in the structure and function of the retinal blood vessels. For this test, the doctor injects a fluorescent yellow dye into one of your veins and then photographs your retina as the dye outlines the blood vessels. |
1b5ef695b8e4898238f53a2457496997 | How do you do a seated calf raise? | Starting position: Sit on a firm, sturdy chair with your feet flat on the floor. Keep your knees aligned directly over your feet. Don't let your knees turn in or out. Lean forward placing hands on thighs near knees pushing down to add resistance. Action: Press slowly down into the balls of your feet to raise your heels as high as you can. Next, slowly lower your heels. Repeat. At the gym. Starting position: Set yourself up in the calf press machine with the balls of your feet on the platform. This will let you lower your heels toward the floor. Undo the machine's safety latch and release the weight onto your calves. Action: Drop your heels as far as you can toward the floor to lower the weight, and then press into the balls of your feet to raise your heels as high as you can. |
5ed4b6a71caeafad7bd8d571ac443666 | What should you know about calf-strengthening exercises? | You'll target the two muscles that make up the calf: The gastrocnemius muscle, which gives the calf its rounded shape. The soleus, which is the flatter, longer muscle running underneath the gastrocnemius and lower down your leg. |
ca48678052e085cf2b57f6f337c5992c | How do you do a double-leg calf raise? | Starting position: Stand near a wall for balance. Place your feet hip-width apart, and make sure your ankles, knees, and hips are in vertical alignment to protect your joints. Action: Press down into the balls of both feet to raise your body upward. Keep your abdominal muscles pulled in so that you move straight upward, rather than shifting your body forward or backward. |
2e81a2239c4fae1d5ee45ea807e07503 | Which sports help to build your calf? | Running, walking, and hiking are excellent calf-strengthening exercises, especially when you go uphill. The steeper the climb, the more your calves have to work. Running sports such as soccer, basketball, and tennis demand that you run, jump, and push off your calf muscles to accelerate or change direction quickly. So they're great for toning calves. Step class and other kinds of dance will work your calves every time you step up and down or bend your knees and push off going from high to low positions. Swimming works the calves along with the rest of the legs muscles. It also avoids the impact of running or jumping. Because it's low-impact, it's also a safe way to strengthen calves if you're recovering from an injury. |
01ee8c7d2329336ebd6c89a326390d3d | What are some safety guidelines when doing calf-strengthening exercises? | Do the exercises consistently two or three times a week to build strength. Move slowly through each exercise so you stay aware of your body alignment. Press up for a slow count of two to four. Then lower back down for a slow count of four. Customize your exercise to match your level of fitness and avoid injury. And check with a fitness professional if you're not sure how much weight is safe for you to use. A general rule of thumb for strength training is to aim for eight to 12 repetitions of each exercise for one to three sets. Your muscles should feel fatigued, but you should be able to finish your repetitions. Increase the load on the muscle gradually over time. For instance, add 10% to 15% to the weight every 2 weeks. Check with your doctor first if you've had a foot, ankle, or calf muscle injury in the past. Depending on your health or physical condition, certain exercises may not be recommended. |
57a57808848ce04bfffb50ed7df4a90a | Can surgery be used to treat heart failure? | In heart failure, surgery may sometimes prevent further damage to the heart and improve the heart's function. |
0e65cb88a950a339ea164f9c51982688 | How can scheduling regular doctor appointments prevent heart failure from worsening? | During follow-up visits, your doctors will make sure you are staying healthy and that your heart failure is not getting worse. Your doctor will ask to review your weight record and list of medications. If you have questions, write them down and bring them to your appointment. Call your doctor if you have urgent questions. Notify all your doctors about your heart failure, medications, and any restrictions. Also, check with your heart doctor about any new medications prescribed by another doctor. Keep good records and bring them with you to each doctor visit. |
3a2ca4e683fd3d80088a4e59792741fe | How are B-type Natriuretic Peptide blood tests used to diagnose heart failure? | BNP is a substance secreted from the heart in response to changes in blood pressure that occur when heart failure develops or worsens. BNP blood levels increase when heart failure symptoms worsen, and decrease when the heart failure condition is stable. The BNP level in a person with heart failure -- even someone whose condition is stable -- may be higher than in a person with normal heart function. BNP levels do not necessarily correlate with the severity of heart failure. |
4de42990832548cb3a51e7259fa8d68f | How can you improve your quality of life if you have heart failure? | There are several things you can do to improve your quality of life if you have heart failure. Among them: Eat a healthy diet. Limit your consumption of sodium (salt) to less than 2,000 milligrams (2 grams) each day. Eat foods high in fiber. Limit foods high in trans fat, cholesterol, and sugar. Reduce total daily intake of calories to lose weight if necessary. Exercise regularly. A regular cardiovascular exercise program, prescribed by your doctor, will help improve your strength and make you feel better. It may also decrease heart failure progression. Don't overdo it. Plan your activities and include rest periods during the day. Certain activities, such as pushing or pulling heavy objects and shoveling may worsen heart failure and its symptoms. Prevent respiratory infections. Ask your doctor about flu and pneumonia vaccines. Take your medications as prescribed. Do not stop taking them without first contacting your doctor. Get emotional or psychological support if needed. Heart failure can be difficult for your whole family. If you have questions, ask your doctor or nurse. If you need emotional support, social workers, psychologists, clergy, and heart failure support groups are a phone call away. Ask your doctor or nurse to point you in the right direction. |
8dc5cadbac4a35fefc72f6c78e521964 | How is cardiac catheterization used to diagnose heart failure? | This invasive procedure helps determine whether coronary artery disease is a cause of congestive heart failure. |
bfdf1a2a50fe139f6c92a816f672de93 | How can limiting salt intake prevent heart failure from worsening? | Sodium is found naturally in many foods we eat. It is also added for flavoring or to make food last longer. If you follow a low-sodium diet, you should have less fluid retention, less swelling, and breathe easier. |
74d1adf0b9f029bdf96f65639306cb93 | How does cardiomyopathy cause heart failure? | Damage to the heart muscle from causes other than artery or blood flow problems, such as from infections or alcohol or drug abuse. |
ad8c67b7c8f1d4dcdd11a72a360b45cb | Is there a treatment for heart failure? | There are more treatment options available for heart failure than ever before. Tight control over your medications and lifestyle, coupled with careful monitoring, are the first steps. As the condition progresses, doctors specializing in the treatment of heart failure can offer more advanced treatment options. |
b76850896918f78c58b79b565d62039d | How many people are affected by heart failure? | Heart failure affects nearly 6 million Americans. Roughly 670,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure each year. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in people older than age 65. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! |
61fb2f370498de09f0ecb7a1b29945b0 | How can monitoring your weight prevent heart failure from worsening? | Dry weight is your weight without extra water (fluid). Your goal is to keep your weight within 4 pounds of your dry weight. Weigh yourself at the same time each day, preferably in the morning, in similar clothing, after urinating but before eating, and on the same scale. Record your weight in a diary or calendar. If you gain three pounds in one day or five pounds in one week, call your doctor. Your doctor may want to adjust your medications. |
00aaae8049bba41185c5f97040eb5fa4 | How is an implantable left ventricular assist device used to treat heart failure? | The LVAD is known as the "bridge to transplantation" for patients who haven't responded to other treatments and are hospitalized with severe systolic heart failure. This device helps your heart pump blood throughout your body. It allows you to be mobile, sometimes returning home to await a heart transplant. It may also be used as destination therapy for long-term support in patients who are not eligible for transplant. |
2d778b90c4b7b0cbafd2d61f8701c323 | How is an echocardiogram used in heart failure? | A calculation done during an echocardiogram, called the ejection fraction ( EF), is used to measure how well your heart pumps with each beat to help determine if systolic or diastolic dysfunction is present. |
d7b8e2cf0f3fd5e3da5f73f98116a862 | How is an ejection fraction used to diagnose heart failure? | Ejection fraction ( EF) is used to measure how well your heart pumps with each beat to determine if systolic dysfunction or heart failure with preserved left ventricular function is present. |
12204341e4ebf4bfd6b2544e0de4f6c5 | How are chest X-rays used to diagnose heart failure? | A chest X-ray shows the size of your heart and whether there is fluid build-up around the heart and lungs. |
cf12a3b64f006d212d914376603c083b | What is heart failure? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Heart failure does not mean the heart has stopped working. Rather, it means that the heart works less efficiently than normal. Due to various possible causes, blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. As a result, the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. The chambers of the heart may respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body or by becoming stiff and thickened. This helps to keep the blood moving, but the heart muscle walls may eventually weaken and become unable to pump as efficiently. As a result, the kidneys may respond by causing the body to retain fluid (water) and salt. If fluid builds up in the arms, legs, ankles, feet, lungs, or other organs, the body becomes congested, and congestive heart failure is the term used to describe the condition. |
aab28038c5ad5139742716f0a3013d42 | What medications should you avoid if you have heart failure? | Some antiarrhythmic agents Most calcium channel blockers (if you have systolic heart failure) Some nutritional supplements, such as salt substitutes, and growth hormone therapies Antacids that contain sodium (salt) Decongestants such as Sudafed If you are taking any of these drugs, discuss them with your doctor. |
7e35fb72956cfe1936eb9bfcdf95aba3 | How does coronary heart disease cause heart failure? | Coronary artery disease ( CAD), a disease of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart, causes decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. If the arteries become blocked or severely narrowed, the heart becomes starved for oxygen and nutrients. |
d921faca5d70313c2dbb3cd91df045eb | How do conditions that overwork the heart cause heart failure? | Conditions including high blood pressure, valve disease, thyroid disease, kidney disease, diabetes, or heart defects present at birth can all cause heart failure. In addition, heart failure can occur when several diseases or conditions are present at once. |
053842576cbefe6f93ac086c68e7cc43 | When does diastolic dysfunction happen in heart failure? | Diastolic dysfunction (or diastolic heart failure) occurs when the heart contracts normally, but the ventricles do not relax properly or are stiff, and less blood enters the heart during normal filling. |
a70662b8f9e8b65cbd9f33f58c17e8ae | What are thermal burns? | Touching a very hot object raises the temperature of your skin to the point that your skin cells start dying. Very hot metals, scalding liquids, and flames all cause thermal burns. Steam can, too. |
5541fa98638165a0d88298a4d4fc21e0 | What are friction burns? | They include: Friction burns. When a hard object rubs off some of your skin, you have what's called a friction burn. It's both an abrasion (scrape) and a heat burn. These are common in motorcycle and bike accidents. Carpet burn is another type of friction burn. |
a74d94e0138c47ec937b6b2f53d80ee7 | How bad is my burn? | Doctors group burns into different categories based on how deeply your skin has been harmed. These are called âdegrees.â You can have a first-, second-, third-, or fourth-degree burn. The higher the degree, the more severe the burn is. |
33e152904501abe04ac1dca57cdc4e4f | What are radiation burns? | Sunburn is a type of radiation burn. Other sources of radiation, like X-rays or radiation therapy to treat cancer, can also cause these. |
b48c3fe8d950874ecc8fcdfac5816d4e | What are electrical burns? | If you come into contact with an electrical current, you can get this type of burn. |
9f59309b3e8397f5c0604ab17c88950b | What are chemical burns? | Chemical burns. Strong acids, solvents or detergents that touch your skin can cause it to burn. |
0d1b529463e6969185bb3dc019aea0d0 | What are cold burns? | Also called âfrostbite,â cold burns cause damage to your skin by freezing it. You can get frostbite by being outside in freezing temperatures. It can also happen when your skin comes into direct contact with something very cold for a prolonged period of time. |
ed34da6ed5e4e0a13984a43cb28239ff | What type of air filters I use if I have allergies? | Use high-efficiency air filters on your AC and heating units. They're rated on what's called the MERV scale. You want something that's around a MERV 11 or 12. Change the filter every 3 months. |
99109998a3eb99767b1ed8bd0f564092 | Are there good bedtime habits that can help me with my allergies? | Prop yourself up with some pillows. Lying flat can let mucus build up in your sinuses and clog your nose. Drink water in the evening. Stay hydrated. It keeps nasal mucus thin and helps it to drain, which means less nighttime stuffiness. |
b6a99c4548a67c2ffd76d3e882ba7d1c | Does humidity impact allergies? | If it creates the kind of spot that dust mites love, it's time to dry things up. You can check a room's humidity with a gadget called a hygrometer. You'll find them at home supply stores. Keep levels between 40% and 50% to hold off allergens. Clean the filter often, or you'll spread bacteria or fungal spores around the room. That can trigger allergies, too. |
5edaf05220c381aa8f27c6e18becadcc | What are symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy? | Many people with this have none or just minor ones, and they live a normal life. Other people have ones that get more severe as the heart gets worse. Symptoms can happen at any age and may include: Shortness of breath (at first with exercise, but eventually at rest, too) Fatigue Inability to exercise Swelling of the legs and feet Weight gain Nausea, bloating, and poor appetite Palpitations (fluttering in the chest due to abnormal heart rhythms) Fainting Chest pain or pressure Its cause is often unknown but may include: Buildup of scar tissue Buildup of proteins in the heart muscle (your doctor may call this amyloidosis) Chemotherapy or chest exposure to radiation Too much iron in the heart (also called hemochromatosis) Other diseases In some cases, restrictive cardiomyopathy may be confused with something called constrictive pericarditis. |
0a44909d0b1ff8ee6df911ef17749655 | Should people with restrictive cardiomyopathy exercise? | Exercise: Your doctor will let you know if it's a good idea for you to exercise. While being active is generally good for the heart, people with this may get very tired and short of breath, even after just a little bit of activity. Therefore, experts suggest you: Take frequent breaks. Exercise at a time of day when you have the most energy. Start slow, gradually building up strength and endurance. |
8dbd847cd6b80ce67ff5ea506e571581 | What medications can help with treating restrictive cardiomyopathy? | Medications: Some people may get better by taking types of drugs called beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors. If symptoms are still around, your doctor may add other medicines like digoxin, diuretics, and aldosterone inhibitors. |
b316c0bc437961b7f2dd74ca34e73473 | How can the right diet help with treating restrictive cardiomyopathy? | Lifestyle changes might include: Diet: Once you have symptoms like shortness of breath or fatigue, how much sodium you get from food becomes important. You'll be told how strict you need to be. It's a good idea to follow those instructions even when your symptoms get better. |
3437d075af83792b244516e6f5bb9e91 | How is restrictive cardiomyopathy diagnosed? | Your doctor will figure out if you have restrictive cardiomyopathy based on: Your symptoms Your family's history of heart disease A physical exam Blood tests An electrocardiogram A chest X-ray An echocardiogram An exercise stress test Cardiac catheterization A CT scan An MRI A biopsy of the heart muscle (your doctor may call this a myocardial biopsy) is sometimes done to figure out the cause. A tissue sample is taken from your heart and looked at under a microscope. |
60610982e5e63841b228e6850566b96d | What medications can help with treating arrhythmia related to restrictive cardiomyopathy? | If you have an arrhythmia, your doctor may prescribe something to control your heart rate or make the arrhythmia happen less often. Therapy may also be given to treat things like sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and hemochromatosis. Your doctor will let you know which medications are best for you. |
94a6be3cc76ddd6638d53dc750814207 | What condition is confused with restrictive cardiomyopathy? | Symptoms can happen at any age and may include: Shortness of breath (at first with exercise, but eventually at rest, too) Fatigue Inability to exercise Swelling of the legs and feet Weight gain Nausea, bloating, and poor appetite Palpitations (fluttering in the chest due to abnormal heart rhythms) Fainting Chest pain or pressure Its cause is often unknown but may include: Buildup of scar tissue Buildup of proteins in the heart muscle (your doctor may call this amyloidosis) Chemotherapy or chest exposure to radiation Too much iron in the heart (also called hemochromatosis) Other diseases In some cases, restrictive cardiomyopathy may be confused with something called constrictive pericarditis. That's where the layers of the sac that surrounds the heart (called the pericardium) become thickened, calcified, and stiff. |
73b3aa61c33005e8e0cc2ce36be12e24 | Can surgery help with treating restrictive cardiomyopathy? | In some cases, if the condition is severe, your doctor may talk to you about a heart transplant. |
e3385c68dda4099bc339cf4fb3c74282 | What are the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)? | Symptoms of ODD may include: Throwing repeated temper tantrums Excessively arguing with adults, especially those with authority Actively refusing to comply with requests and rules Deliberately trying to annoy or upset others, or being easily annoyed by others Blaming others for your mistakes Having frequent outbursts of anger and resentment Being spiteful and seeking revenge Swearing or using obscene language Saying mean and hateful things when upset In addition, many children with ODD are moody, easily frustrated, and have a low self-esteem. They also sometimes may abuse drugs and alcohol. |
9447a04a8cbc9fb33ee75155663317cc | Can oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) be prevented? | Although it may not be possible to prevent ODD, recognizing and acting on symptoms when they first appear can minimize distress to the child and family, and prevent many of the problems associated with the illness. Family members also can learn steps to take if signs of relapse (return of symptoms) appear. In addition, providing a nurturing, supportive, and consistent home environment with a balance of love and discipline may help reduce symptoms and prevent episodes of defiant behavior. |
130e3b0115504d678302b3ad0d17f810 | What is the outlook for children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)? | If your child is showing signs of ODD, it is very important that you seek care from a qualified mental health professional immediately. Without treatment, children with ODD may experience rejection by classmates and other peers because of their poor social skills and aggressive and annoying behavior. In addition, a child with ODD has a greater chance of developing a more serious behavioral disorder called conduct disorder. When started early, treatment is usually very effective. |
08dfa99d93228c29eb6c454b9a45fd57 | What diet plan can help with ulcerative colitis? | There's no single diet that will help everyone with UC. The condition can also change over time, so your plan will need to be flexible, too. The key is to find what works for you. To stay organized, keep a food diary. Use your smartphone or a small notebook to record what you eat and drink and how they make you feel, both good and bad. It takes a bit of time and patience, but it will help you track your condition and fine-tune your diet plan. When you prepare your meals, don't forget that a well-balanced diet gives you enough protein, whole grains, and fresh fruits and vegetables. You might not be able to eat everything in the grocery store or on the menus at the restaurants you like. But try to focus on the ones that you can enjoy without triggering your symptoms. Some simple tweaks in your meal prep can make it easier to eat some foods, like steaming veggies or switching to low-fat dairy. Some people follow a low-residue diet or low-fiber diet every so often, getting about 10-15 grams of fiber a day. That can help you go to the bathroom less often. |
bcbcd83bbfe0784cf96b0e8f85dc0de8 | What are signs that I have a sleep disorder? | However, you might have a sleep disorder if: You regularly experience difficulty sleeping You are often tired during the day, even if you slept for at least seven hours the night before You have a reduced or impaired ability to perform regular daytime activities Your partner has told you that you snore loudly and sometimes seem to stop breathing. |
46ace1a544fa9b1e4a95546614c1d670 | What does chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer consist of? | Chemotherapy or radiation therapy or both can also be used in conjunction with surgery for resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer in order to: Shrink pancreatic cancer before surgery, improving the chances of resection (neoadjuvant therapy) Prevent or delay pancreatic cancer from returning after surgery (adjuvant therapy) Chemotherapy includes cancer drugs that travel through the whole body. Chemotherapy ("chemo") kills pancreatic cancer cells in the main tumor as well as those that have spread widely. These chemotherapy drugs can be used for pancreatic cancer: 5-fluorouracil (5- FU) or capecitabine Gemcitabine Both 5- FU and gemcitabine are given into the veins during regular visits to an oncologist (cancer doctor). An oral drug, capecitabine, may be substituted for 5- FU, especially with radiation. |
3ce9b435f4465b1dfd0eb177b985950f | What happens after pancreatic cancer is found to be resectable? | If pancreatic cancer is resectable, surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiation or both may extend survival. |
8ae3b7345794ba8e16e8535e2b482d00 | Can chemotherapy help metastatic pancreatic cancer? | Chemotherapy can also help improve pancreatic cancer symptoms and survival. Gemcitabine has been the most widely used chemotherapy drug for treating metastatic pancreas cancer. Other drug combinations include gemcitabine with erlotinib, gemcitabine with capecitabine, gemcitabine with cisplatin, and gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel. If you're in fairly good health you may receive FOLFIRINOX (5- FU/leucovorin/oxaliplatin/irinotecan). Other combinations include gemcitabine alone or with another agent like (nab)-paclitaxel or capecitabine. Next line drug combinations to treat pancreatic cancer include oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine, or irinotecan liposome ( Onivyde) in combination with fluorouracil plus leucovorin. |
6b1f5c1201adb8755b798e58443d86cd | What can help resectable pancreatic cancer? | If pancreatic cancer is resectable, surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiation or both may extend survival. |
4f8c4b35d3d52a054337bf01b80cf0dd | How is advanced pancreatic cancer treated? | 1 priority of treatment will shift from extending life to alleviating symptoms, especially pain. Numerous treatments can help protect against the discomfort from advanced pancreatic cancer: Procedures like bile duct stents can relieve jaundice, thus reducing itching and loss of appetite associated with bile obstruction. Opioid analgesics and a nerve block called a celiac plexus block can help relieve pain. Antidepressants and counseling can help treat depression common in advanced pancreatic cancer. |
997f650c4e9340de68a705422cd67276 | How is metastatic pancreatic cancer treated? | In metastatic pancreatic cancer, surgery is used only for symptom control, such as for pain, jaundice, or gastric outlet obstruction. Radiation may be used for symptom relief, as well. Chemotherapy can also help improve pancreatic cancer symptoms and survival. Gemcitabine has been the most widely used chemotherapy drug for treating metastatic pancreas cancer. Other drug combinations include gemcitabine with erlotinib, gemcitabine with capecitabine, gemcitabine with cisplatin, and gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel. If you're in fairly good health you may receive FOLFIRINOX (5- FU/leucovorin/oxaliplatin/irinotecan). Other combinations include gemcitabine alone or with another agent like (nab)-paclitaxel or capecitabine. Next line drug combinations to treat pancreatic cancer include oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine, or irinotecan liposome ( Onivyde) in combination with fluorouracil plus leucovorin. |
2e98b9bc58ac43eb0db4b128b6373fc0 | How is a distal pancreatectomy done to treat resectable pancreatic cancer? | Distal pancreatectomy: The tail and/or portion of the body of the pancreas are removed, but not the head. This surgery is uncommon for pancreatic cancer, because most tumors arising outside the head of the pancreas within the body or tail are unresectable. |
f67a7dbdec30d3bcd46ae10d23c922f9 | What is stage III pancreatic cancer? | The tumor may have expanded into nearby major blood vessels or nerves, but has not metastasized to distant sites. |
ef13cdd0f84a81789b3d3d7b7bd0b6b7 | What is total pancreatectomy? | Total pancreatectomy: The entire pancreas and the spleen is surgically removed. Although once considered useful, this operation is uncommon today. |
22d70637e7e30362d02e9bfd6443db9d | What does metastatic pancreatic cancer mean? | Pancreatic cancer has spread to distant organs. |
57d477aa29585093f86c2905a015a20a | What does palliative treatment for pancreatic cancer consist of? | 1 priority of treatment will shift from extending life to alleviating symptoms, especially pain. Numerous treatments can help protect against the discomfort from advanced pancreatic cancer: Procedures like bile duct stents can relieve jaundice, thus reducing itching and loss of appetite associated with bile obstruction. Opioid analgesics and a nerve block called a celiac plexus block can help relieve pain. Antidepressants and counseling can help treat depression common in advanced pancreatic cancer. |
4a4b38340496494ba5bc26e8ff905ace | What is stage I pancreatic cancer? | Pancreatic cancer is limited to the pancreas, but has grown to less than 2 centimeters across (stage IA) or greater than 2 but no more than 4 centimeters (stage IB). |
3b6dd1f394a2734814d08112d28ebef1 | Are there clinical trials available for pancreatic cancer? | New pancreatic cancer treatments are constantly being tested in clinical trials. You can find out about clinical trials for the latest treatments for pancreatic cancer on the websites of the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute. |
2415782b858aee063440a0031851008a | How is a Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy) done to treat resectable pancreatic cancer? | People whose pancreatic cancer is considered resectable may undergo one of three surgeries: Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy): A surgeon removes the head of the pancreas and sometimes the body of the pancreas, parts of the stomach and small intestine, some lymph nodes, the gallbladder, and the common bile duct. The remaining organs are reconnected in a new way to allow digestion. The Whipple procedure is a difficult and complicated surgery. Surgeons and hospitals that do the most operations have the best results. About half the time, once a surgeon sees inside the abdomen, pancreatic cancer that was thought to be resectable turns out to have spread, and thus be unresectable. The Whipple procedure is not completed in these cases. |
e071d8f53d61cc052633013238a95c0d | How is locally advanced (unresectable) pancreatic cancer treated? | In locally advanced pancreatic cancer, surgery can't remove the entire tumor. Since surgery to remove only part of the pancreatic cancer has been shown not to help, nonsurgical therapies are best. Treatment consists of chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. Either 5- FU or gemcitabine can extend life in people with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. |
0f628d6814c47d930eddcbdff82927c6 | What chemotherapy drugs can be used for pancreatic cancer? | Chemotherapy or radiation therapy or both can also be used in conjunction with surgery for resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer in order to: Shrink pancreatic cancer before surgery, improving the chances of resection (neoadjuvant therapy) Prevent or delay pancreatic cancer from returning after surgery (adjuvant therapy) Chemotherapy includes cancer drugs that travel through the whole body. Chemotherapy ("chemo") kills pancreatic cancer cells in the main tumor as well as those that have spread widely. These chemotherapy drugs can be used for pancreatic cancer: 5-fluorouracil (5- FU) or capecitabine Gemcitabine Both 5- FU and gemcitabine are given into the veins during regular visits to an oncologist (cancer doctor). An oral drug, capecitabine, may be substituted for 5- FU, especially with radiation. |
823c51dabeda13e07dfc229ef0ed8c1b | How is total pancreatectomy done to treat resectable pancreatic cancer? | Total pancreatectomy: The entire pancreas and the spleen is surgically removed. Although once considered useful, this operation is uncommon today. |
c1e5c2b29f19dc7269aa90508a1ff476 | How is chemotherapy or radiation therapy used to treat resectable pancreatic cancer? | Chemotherapy or radiation therapy or both can also be used in conjunction with surgery for resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer in order to: Shrink pancreatic cancer before surgery, improving the chances of resection (neoadjuvant therapy) Prevent or delay pancreatic cancer from returning after surgery (adjuvant therapy) Chemotherapy includes cancer drugs that travel through the whole body. |
ec2be894eaa0edd9f186ad362c447ac0 | How is pancreatic cancer surgery described? | Since surgery has risks, doctors first determine whether pancreatic cancer appears to be removable by surgery (resectable). Pancreatic cancer is then described as follows: Resectable: On imaging tests, pancreatic cancer hasn't spread (or at least not far), and a surgeon feels it might all be removable. About 10% of pancreatic cancers are considered resectable when first diagnosed. Locally advanced (unresectable): Pancreatic cancer has grown into major blood vessels on imaging tests, so the tumor can't safely be removed by surgery. Metastatic: Pancreatic cancer has clearly spread to other organs, so surgery cannot remove the cancer. |
ab4af7148fcc3cd031044def0c26eaa2 | What is done before surgery for pancreatic cancer? | Since surgery has risks, doctors first determine whether pancreatic cancer appears to be removable by surgery (resectable). Pancreatic cancer is then described as follows: Resectable: On imaging tests, pancreatic cancer hasn't spread (or at least not far), and a surgeon feels it might all be removable. |
a314c510e673113b2bec2aaed64f7862 | What is Stage 0 pancreatic cancer? | Pancreatic cancer is limited to top layers of cells in the ducts of the pancreas. The pancreatic cancer is not visible on imaging tests or even to the naked eye. |
89210664cd0ddd1b6cb11352765a2966 | In what cases is a Whipple procedure unsuccessful? | About half the time, once a surgeon sees inside the abdomen, pancreatic cancer that was thought to be resectable turns out to have spread, and thus be unresectable. |
eb89cfea4d40e0599cc1b8f089bec75f | What is stage II pancreatic cancer? | Pancreatic cancer is over 4 centimeters and is either limited to the pancreas or there is local spread where the cancer has grown outside of the pancreas, or has spread to nearby lymph nodes. |
e777a6f9e52fea112e43475c91aa132d | What does resectable pancreatic cancer mean? | Pancreatic cancer is then described as follows: Resectable: On imaging tests, pancreatic cancer hasn't spread (or at least not far), and a surgeon feels it might all be removable. About 10% of pancreatic cancers are considered resectable when first diagnosed. |
87533acb39f28229295667895cf9f076 | How does radiation therapy work to treat pancreatic cancer? | In radiation therapy, a machine beams high-energy X-rays to the pancreas to kill pancreatic cancer cells. Radiation therapy is done during a series of daily treatments, usually over a period of weeks. |
9e29b3c2c00af4a78c3e47945052e35d | What does locally advanced (unresectable) pancreatic cancer mean? | Locally advanced (unresectable): Pancreatic cancer has grown into major blood vessels on imaging tests, so the tumor can't safely be removed by surgery. |
7bd483a41262f91b27071f353cfa85cf | How is locally advanced pancreatic cancer treated? | In locally advanced pancreatic cancer, surgery can't remove the entire tumor. Since surgery to remove only part of the pancreatic cancer has been shown not to help, nonsurgical therapies are best. Treatment consists of chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. Either 5- FU or gemcitabine can extend life in people with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. |
4aa6eeb2666e2c3f9929917101a182f6 | Can chemotherapy or radiation therapy be used along with surgery for pancreatic cancer? | Chemotherapy or radiation therapy or both can also be used in conjunction with surgery for resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer in order to: Shrink pancreatic cancer before surgery, improving the chances of resection (neoadjuvant therapy) Prevent or delay pancreatic cancer from returning after surgery (adjuvant therapy) Chemotherapy includes cancer drugs that travel through the whole body. |
ec5b43afa8e21283c30862aabf233a6e | What is stage IV pancreatic cancer? | Pancreatic cancer has spread to distant organs. |
92805f79aa53bd088fdec387e3a324d4 | What is the role of surgery and radiation for metastatic pancreatic cancer? | In metastatic pancreatic cancer, surgery is used only for symptom control, such as for pain, jaundice, or gastric outlet obstruction. Radiation may be used for symptom relief, as well. |
4a80ba60fef39fb4b2b85235423e8304 | What is a Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy)? | People whose pancreatic cancer is considered resectable may undergo one of three surgeries: Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy): A surgeon removes the head of the pancreas and sometimes the body of the pancreas, parts of the stomach and small intestine, some lymph nodes, the gallbladder, and the common bile duct. The remaining organs are reconnected in a new way to allow digestion. The Whipple procedure is a difficult and complicated surgery. Surgeons and hospitals that do the most operations have the best results. |
78c280357d0bd5822ed510aef8772eb7 | How can my doctor help me manage fatigue with rheumatoid arthritis? | Ask your doctor about medications. If fatigue hits often, talk to your doctor. If you can't get to sleep, prescription sleep aids could help you get a full night's rest. The doctor can also test your blood to make sure it's not another condition making you tired. |
0ff71caa0614781acf57cbb70a738275 | How can a sleep routine help me manage fatigue with rheumatoid arthritis? | Stick to a sleep routine. Good habits help you get enough rest so you feel less fatigue the next day. Go to bed at the same time each night. Get up at the same time each morning. Cut back on caffeine, alcoholic drinks, and nicotine. All of these can disrupt your sleep. Fight the urge to take an afternoon nap. Sleeping during the day can make it harder for you to nod off at night. When it's time for lights out, turn off devices like your smartphone or tablet. You'll rest better in a dark, quiet room. |
83ef216802950b6910a142db3b4f75b3 | How can counseling or therapy help me manage fatigue with rheumatoid arthritis? | Cognitive behavioral therapy or counseling with a mental health professional can ease the stress that worsens your fatigue. It can also help you control how fatigue affects your life. |
c3e5d05063a14a84943d1209fd27520e | What alternative treatments should I explore to help manage fatigue with rheumatoid arthritis? | Massage therapy often eases stress and anxiety. It helps you let go of your thoughts and get to sleep. Acupuncture also works for many people. Talk to your doctor before you take any herbal treatment or try any nonmedical therapy. |
2cec25f613b8ff552f3d774a3619eed5 | How does eating the right food help me manage fatigue with rheumatoid arthritis? | Omega-3 fatty acids, found in foods like nuts and cold-water fish, help ease fatigue by reducing inflammation. Start your day with a healthy breakfast, even if you wake up tired. Choose foods that are rich in fiber, complex carbohydrates, and lean protein. A bowl of high-fiber cereal, fresh fruit, and low-fat milk can give you more energy for the rest of your day. |
31f6478aaee1f38588e740bf244102a4 | How does regular exercise help me manage fatigue with rheumatoid arthritis? | Get regular exercise. The last thing you may want to do is work out. But activity lowers fatigue if you have RA. Simple things like a daily walk or a swim can build stronger muscles and soothe achy joints. Try to do something, even if you just stretch, even on days when you're really tired. Yoga and tai chi are two gentle activities that help ease fatigue and lower stress that can keep you awake. |
b366bda6498e2da729c5388e02fd8089 | What will your occupational therapist do during your appointment? | Your OT may: Prescribe and train you to use assistive devices like raised toilet seats or wheelchairs Teach you new ways to button a shirt, tie your shoes, get in and out of the shower, or work on your computer Help older adults prevent falls in their home or in public areas Treat adults who've had a stroke to improve balance, change their home to prevent injuries, build muscle strength, or adapt to their memory or speech problems Organize your medications or household tools Address behavior problems in kids who act out or hit others Build hand-eye coordination so you can hit a tennis ball Work on motor skills so you can grasp a pencil Just about anyone who struggles to do any kind of task may need it. |
969f357ecbc63729b39ce5360bd9b61a | How can occupational therapy (OT) help you? | It can help you do specific things like: Eat without help from others Take part in leisure activities Do office work Bathe and get dressed Do laundry or clean up around the house They get special graduate training in occupational therapy. |
bf66cc2842b03eabaa14e08ad5765551 | What is involved in occupational therapy (OT)? | You'll meet with a health professional called an occupational therapist who can come up with ways to change your movements so you can get your work done, take care of yourself or your home, play sports, or stay active. |
c866bbd73e81eaf77a5a0c7554806c65 | What training does an occupatinal therapist get? | It can help you do specific things like: Eat without help from others Take part in leisure activities Do office work Bathe and get dressed Do laundry or clean up around the house They get special graduate training in occupational therapy. You'll probably hear them called OTs. They must be licensed and pass a national exam to be certified to practice. Some OTs go through more training so they can focus on certain types of treatment, like hand therapy, treating people with low vision, or working with children or older adults. |
94d8e2581a01e3ff689add7e1007379d | Who needs occupational therapy (OT)? | If you have one of these health problems, ask your doctor if OT could help you: Arthritis and chronic pain Stroke Brain injury Joint replacement Spinal cord injury Low vision Alzheimer's disease Poor balance Cancer Diabetes Multiple sclerosis Cerebral palsy Mental health or behavior issues It can also help kids with birth defects, ADHD, juvenile arthritis, autism, or severe injuries or burns. |
89924abafb5163a0388a421140af1e9b | What is an occupational therapy assistant? | Some OTs go through more training so they can focus on certain types of treatment, like hand therapy, treating people with low vision, or working with children or older adults. Occupational therapy assistants help with some parts of your treatment. They don't assess you or create your therapy plan. An OT assistant needs an associate's degree. OT's and OTA's often work with your doctor, physical therapist, psychologist, or other health professionals. |
3f9a8c6db2ac97ee13b621ba46ed2ab6 | What is high cholesterol? | Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance made in the liver and other cells. It's also found in certain foods, such as dairy products, eggs, and meat. Your body needs some cholesterol to produce hormones, vitamin D, and the bile acids that help you digest fat. But the body only needs a limited amount of cholesterol. When there's too much, health problems, such as heart disease, may develop. |
45878f8ac97b0ea4c262a77e6efc3a0b | What kind of cholesterol is bad for you? | The cholesterol that blocks arteries is called low-density lipoprotein, or LDL. Another kind of cholesterol called high-density lipoprotein or HDL is known as good cholesterol because it helps remove LDL from the blood and eventually from the body. For good health, you ideally want to keep the LDL levels down and the HDL levels up. If this balance isn't maintained, especially if it's reversed, you are said to have high cholesterol. |
f1e13e7fc79c04d6a0958fe375fcf704 | Can exercise help prevent high cholesterol? | Your risk of having high cholesterol increases if: Your diet is high in saturated fat. These fats, found in meat and full-fat dairy products, raise LDL cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol, found in eggs and organ meats, can also raise blood cholesterol levels, but not as much as saturated fat does. |
538ace5d6d64815e7cc619bb508cafee | How does high cholesterol affect men? | For many men, the risk from high cholesterol starts in their 20s and increases with age. |
9c0da1f23ede09ceaf6cd7bd900d04d1 | What can you do to control both psoriasis and diabetes? | Some lifestyle changes can help you control both your psoriasis and diabetes. |
003031109762b30e58fbd8c00a04cbd0 | How can asking questions help with psoriasis and diabetes? | Learn about the drugs you take, their side effects, and how long you'll need to be on them. If you don't understand something or have concerns about anything, ask your doctor. |
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