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6422a986cd60bed32f9cedc5432e69e6 | What will your doctor check for during a physical exam for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | Physical exam : The doctor will check your joints for swelling, tenderness, and range of motion. RA tends to strike several joints. |
8595eda0228cc1c1b35354b0d1d3115f | How do doctors diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | Your regular doctor may order blood tests and X-rays to help confirm a diagnosis. Or you may be sent to someone who specializes in diagnosing and treating RA. |
3cdba3ca5693cbe38d0cc4c467e09d1a | Will my doctor ask me about my personal and family medical history when examining for rheumatoid arthritis? | Personal and family medical history: Your doctor will ask about your past and your relatives'. If someone in your family tree has RA, you may be more likely to have the disease. |
0f70322034256044fbcf63e81a6ade8d | What imaging tests are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis? | Imaging tests: These can help your doctor judge how severe your disease is and track its progress over time. X-rays can show whether (and how much) joint damage you have, though damage may not show up early on. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) and ultrasound give a more detailed picture of your joints. These scans aren't normally used to diagnose RA, but they can help doctors find it early. |
e8fc130034b71f33d1a07b0308732e6d | What's next after rheumatoid arthritis? | Don't panic if you learn you have rheumatoid arthritis. While there is no cure, people are living better now with RA than ever before. Your doctor will talk to you about all the ways you can treat the disease and manage your symptoms. |
9a88226e8d446c8cb5363a90906970dc | What will your doctor look for in imaging tests for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | Imaging tests: These can help your doctor judge how severe your disease is and track its progress over time. X-rays can show whether (and how much) joint damage you have, though damage may not show up early on. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) and ultrasound give a more detailed picture of your joints. These scans aren't normally used to diagnose RA, but they can help doctors find it early. |
31f723a80e0e251a1129d3ce0df88d94 | What medicine is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis? | Medicines: There are several types: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying drugs. |
ab9a0595fb2ebd87643c76db97e91528 | What conditions may your doctor consider besides rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | When a doctor thinks about how likely you are to have one disease over another, or over several others, this is called a differential diagnosis. There are many conditions your doctor may consider besides RA, and besides other forms of autoimmune arthritis: Viral arthritis: Rubella, parvovirus, and hepatitis B and C can lead to short-term arthritis symptoms that resemble RA. Palindromic rheumatism: Periodic joint inflammation that may lead to RA, lupus, and similar diseases Polymyalgia rheumatica : This is more common over age 50, generally less painful than RA, and associated more with shoulders and hips. |
b0b447af2ac4e7ddcd0165cb2fbf9aa2 | What medicines are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA)? | Medicines: There are several types: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying drugs. |
75fc60e08f3a7360702bc74de24f8bbb | How can I lower the stress on my joints if I have rheumatoid arthritis? | Lower the stress on your joints: Lose weight or stay at a healthy weight. Get some rest, but not too much -- moderate activity helps, too. Use canes and walkers to take pressure off your lower body. |
6f971211e08582cf0a1b4d02e4ecadfa | What diseases does rheumatoid arthritis resemble? | And in the early stages, RA can resemble other diseases like: Lupus Sjogren's syndrome Psoriatic arthritis Lyme arthritis Osteoarthritis That's why your doctor will rely on many things to help pinpoint the cause of your pain and other symptoms. |
de0c052c6cc9c4f4518647608b6308d8 | What might I have if I donât have rheumatoid arthritis? | When a doctor thinks about how likely you are to have one disease over another, or over several others, this is called a differential diagnosis. There are many conditions your doctor may consider besides RA, and besides other forms of autoimmune arthritis: Viral arthritis: Rubella, parvovirus, and hepatitis B and C can lead to short-term arthritis symptoms that resemble RA. Palindromic rheumatism: Periodic joint inflammation that may lead to RA, lupus, and similar diseases Polymyalgia rheumatica : This is more common over age 50, generally less painful than RA, and associated more with shoulders and hips. |
d944704abd0fa896302f87120a719e99 | What antibody blood tests are used to examine for rheumatoid arthritis? | Antibody blood tests: Doctors look for certain proteins that show up in your blood when you have RA. |
c7ec2155489a1f964a285b4a4aeb31de | How many teeth does a child have, and what are they called and where are they found? | A child's mouth contains 20 initial teeth, called primary teeth, baby teeth, or deciduous teeth, consisting of the following teeth types: 4 second molars 4 first molars 4 cuspids (also called canine or eye teeth) 4 lateral incisors 4 central incisors For each set of four teeth, two teeth are located in the upper arch (one on each side of the mouth) and two are located in the lower arch (one on each side of the mouth). To find out when primary teeth begin to appear, see the primary eruption illustration and the Teeth Eruption Charts. The adult mouth contains 32 permanent teeth, consisting of the following teeth types: 4 third molars (also called wisdom teeth) 4 second molars (also called 12-year molars) 4 first molars (also called 6-year molars) 4 second bicuspids (also called second premolars) 4 first bicuspids (also called first premolars) 4 cuspids (also called canine or eye teeth) 4 lateral incisors 4 central incisors To find out when permanent teeth begin to appear, see the permanent eruption illustration and the Teeth Eruption Charts. |
b1678809592a7c268346752102031bcf | How many permanent teeth does an adult have, and what are they called? | The adult mouth contains 32 permanent teeth, consisting of the following teeth types: 4 third molars (also called wisdom teeth) 4 second molars (also called 12-year molars) 4 first molars (also called 6-year molars) 4 second bicuspids (also called second premolars) 4 first bicuspids (also called first premolars) 4 cuspids (also called canine or eye teeth) 4 lateral incisors 4 central incisors To find out when permanent teeth begin to appear, see the permanent eruption illustration and the Teeth Eruption Charts. |
9741d91a7ad3bdbda3c72f4635d3b5a2 | What are the parts of a tooth? | Each tooth consists of three main parts - the crown, the neck and root. The crown is the visible part of the tooth. A protective layer called enamel covers the crown. The neck is the area of the tooth between the crown and the root. The root is the portion of the tooth that extends through the gum and into the bone of the jaw. |
a245a22f7d532c127d32ac47817e74ec | What can your doctor advise to treat blepharitis? | If your doctor advises: Make a solution of half baby shampoo or mild soap, half water. Place the cloth over your index finger, dip it in the mix, and use it to clean your eyelid. Wash one lid at a time. Close the eye you're cleaning. Rub the washcloth over your eyelashes and the edge of your lids for about 30 seconds to loosen clogged oils. Apply light pressure to squeeze out clogged oils from the glands behind your lashes. Rinse thoroughly with a clean, warm, wet washcloth. Pat dry. If the blepharitis results from a problem with your oil glands, the doctor may suggest a testosterone cream to put on your eyelids. He may also suggest Lipi Flow, a 12-minute procedure that gently heats clogged glands and applies mild pressure to âmilk outâ the oils and testosterone cream. |
421cb9d48a14be338ef86f2906e9fa15 | Is there a cure for blepharitis? | But it can be treated and controlled. Just take care of your eyelids. If you don't treat blepharitis, it could scar or injure your eyelids and your eye. |
c43f44aaa172c89a6c7e0cc8c2845c31 | Can you prevent blepharitis? | Keep your eyelids clean. Remove all eye makeup before bedtime. Don't use eyeliner on the back edges of your eyelids behind the lashes. If you're in the early stages of treating blepharitis, you can prevent further irritation by not using makeup. Once you do start to use it again, replace products used in or near your eyelids. They may be contaminated. |
0b3d683adf914ab0a384f77c2fc45ab5 | Who has high HDL cholesterol levels? | On the positive side, vigorous exercisers -- such as long-distance runners -- tend to have high HDL cholesterol levels. Before menopause, women tend to have higher HDL cholesterol than men their age. |
e65c5dcc5ccfb79e465701b68e43afed | Why is the amount of cholesterol in your bloodstream important? | There are four different types of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol in the blood: High density lipoprotein ( HDL) or "good cholesterol" Low density lipoprotein ( LDL) or "bad cholesterol" Very low density lipoproteins ( VLDL), which are very bad forms of cholesterol Chylomicrons, which carry very little cholesterol but a lot of another fat called triglycerides The amount of cholesterol in your bloodstream is important because of its role in various cardiovascular diseases. The risk of getting these conditions is complex and depends not only on how much cholesterol but also what kind of cholesterol you have in your blood. Generally speaking, high levels of LDL -- the "bad cholesterol" -- are associated with a higher chance of coronary heart disease; high levels of HDL -- or "good cholesterol" -- are associated with a lower chance. |
b7bbeb24ca327a8be81cac2c83448fb2 | Why is LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol bad? | LDL cholesterol collects in the walls of arteries, leading to "hardening of the arteries" or atherosclerosis. People with atherosclerosis are in turn vulnerable to heart failure, heart attack, stroke, and other problems caused by clogged blood vessels. Even so, some people who have high LDL cholesterol never get heart disease, and many heart attack patients do not have high cholesterol levels. |
716bb74d31b9e886247124b7a1866510 | What causes cholesterol levels to increase? | Cholesterol levels can increase with: Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, and sugar Obesity A sedentary lifestyle Since no one can predict which people with high cholesterol will develop heart disease, play it safe and keep your cholesterol levels in check. |
adbe7b1739a2cc65c5b1f0e8ce6442df | How do young children get the flu shot? | The first time a child younger than 9 gets a flu vaccine, she'll need two doses at least a month apart. Kids usually get the shot in the leg or arm. |
63aa2be974da14bc4d89ac63ac7724e5 | What other problems can the flu cause in children? | In children, these include: Congestion Sore throat Cough Fever -- as high as 103 to 105 degrees Fahrenheit Chills Headache Muscle and body aches Vomiting and nausea The flu itself isn't the only problem. If it weakens your child's immune system, she also could get a bacterial infection on top of it. Young children are at higher risk of problems from the flu, which include: Pneumonia Bronchitis Sinusitis Ear infection A flu shot is the best way to protect kids from the flu and problems that come along with it. |
c9b7346c5946bdd680955ffa7a788f7b | Can the flu shot cause the flu in children? | The vaccine your child gets in a shot is made from dead influenza virus, whereas the spray is made from a live strain. Neither cause the flu. |
96db7c53dabd3300e787ae1a35ae5ca6 | What are serious side effects or signs of an allergic reaction to the flu shot in children? | More serious side effects are rare, but your child could be allergic to the shot. Signs of allergic reaction to a flu vaccine include: Trouble breathing Hives Paleness Weakness Fast heartbeat Dizziness Vomiting If you see any of these signs, get emergency help. |
ab4eba1731254731a2e3913e75661cd8 | When should I call 911 for an eye burn? | Eyeball looks cloudy The person notices a sudden change in vision 1. |
3dd5b92d82f6e4a496542ee80cbb007c | When should I call a doctor for a heat burn to my eye? | When to See a Doctor Call a doctor if the person has: Decreased, double, or blurred vision that doesn't clear with blinking Eye pain Discomfort when looking at light The feeling that something like sand is in eye Redness, swelling, twitching, tears, or discharge Any symptom lasting more than 24 hours Symptoms that happen more often or get worse |
ccb015a1517ff0935bac7c2a3fba7b3a | What should I do for a heat burn to my eye? | Flush Eyes Fill a sink or dishpan with cool water. Have the person put his/her face in water. The person should open and close eyes to get water to all parts of eye. If a serious chemical injury to the eye(s) is suspected, continue flushing out the eye with water until an ambulance arrives or the injured person arrives in the emergency room. Alkali substances such as drain cleaners are particularly harmful to the eye. Optimal flushing would include putting the person in a shower with the water aimed at the face with someone helping to keep the eyes open. If a shower is not available, then splashing running water from a sink is second best. If the accident happened at a worksite, it is more important to flush out the eye(s) for at least 20-30 minutes than to transport the person to the hospital immediately. |
5600475ddf67a3372de897e86a7d4e66 | When should you call 911 about eye or corneal burns? | Eyeball looks cloudy The person notices a sudden change in vision 1. |
3fede74be0cff26883a4e953261d59f4 | What are tear ducts? | Tear ducts are like tiny tunnels that your tears pass through. They're part of the drainage system that goes from your eyes to your throat. Glands inside your eyelids and the white part of your eyes constantly release tears into your eyes. As you blink, they drain out. They exit through two small holes called puncta in the upper and lower inside corners of your eyelids, next to your nose. |
d5c989945bdb647791f463268165a34a | What causes blocked tear ducts in infants? | Sometimes babies are born with blocked tear ducts. This happens because a piece of tissue that covers the duct doesn't open up at birth like it should. It will usually open on its own within a few months. Less often, tear ducts get blocked because the tear drainage system didn't form correctly in the womb. |
790fd1688a85a0e0146f1393a9157319 | Can fast food and junk food affect a child's digestion? | Make sure she's eating enough fruits, grains and vegetables. |
ebf56d5aea619b702ca27a263349b87d | When are children and infants most likely to have constipation? | There's no simple definition of normal bowel activity in children, but there are three stages when they're most likely to have problems with constipation: In infants, when you first begin the switch from formula to solid foods In toddlers, when toilet training first begins In older children, around the time they start school As a parent, there are signs of constipation to watch out for and things you can do to help your little one find relief. |
b9f689b50702916650b7f34badd82b4d | Can getting your child to regularly use the bathroom help with constipation? | Get your child into the habit of regular bowel movements. Have him try for at least 10 minutes two times a day. After a meal is a good time. |
c2d829da84bfe80014d20309d4580698 | How can I find a right nursing home? | They often include: Room and board Help with medication Personal care (including dressing, bathing, and using the toilet) 24-hour emergency care Social and recreational activities It takes time to research them and find one you like. So start your search for one long before you'll need to move to a facility. You may have to get on a waiting list, especially if you're using government funding such as Medicaid. Also, if you plan ahead, you can make the transition of moving much easier. |
31478c05eef1f98c3b21aefefca7939e | Should I talk with other about the services I'll need for a nursing home? | Talk with your family and caregivers about the services you'll need. Think about the ones that are important to you before you start calling different nursing homes. |
fe0f22906fa90c03720dcc0a1270606b | What is Medicaid? | This is a joint federal/state health insurance program that provides medical care benefits to low-income Americans who qualify. The program covers nursing home care, but eligibility and covered services vary a lot from state to state. |
d7b553036b7d410d6f007f9dd481f309 | What questions about food service should I ask about a nursing home | Food Service How often does the center provide meals? What's a typical menu? Are there set meal times? Is the food hot and appetizing? Are snacks available? What if residents need special foods? Is it easy to get to drinking water from anywhere in the facility? Are there group dining areas, or do residents eat meals in their rooms? Are there staff who can assist residents who need help with eating? |
14bf7bc32e18e61a1d626a1bd24d122c | What questions should I look for in the facility of a nursing home? | Facility Does the nursing home offer the level of care you need, such as skilled care? Does it meet local or state licensing requirements? Does the administrator have an up-to-date license? What are the visiting hours? What's the policy on insurance and personal property? How does the staff respond to a medical emergency? |
733d9e12baaf6661a25459a64f016145 | What is private long-term care insurance? | You can purchase this health insurance option to supplement Medicare coverage. Private long-term care insurance policies vary greatly. Each has its own rules for eligibility, restrictions, costs, and benefits. |
5b928d1a7c78b446f9b20ce0bec291fb | What questions about medication and health care should I ask about a nursing home? | Medication and Health Care What is the policy on storing medication and helping residents take it? Can residents take their meds themselves? Who coordinates visits from physical, occupational, or speech therapists? Does a doctor or nurse visit the resident regularly to give checkups? |
5cee2a6dd30c6eed171b45507376b92b | What services do nursing homes offer? | They often include: Room and board Help with medication Personal care (including dressing, bathing, and using the toilet) 24-hour emergency care Social and recreational activities It takes time to research them and find one you like. |
1124521e675b07e83d9349cdfb97e8db | What do the results of a Dix-Hallpike test for vertigo mean? | If the Dix- Hallpike test didn't trigger any symptoms, your doctor may want to do other tests to figure out what's causing your issues. If it did, your doctor may move your head in certain ways to help get the crystals out of your semicircular canals and into a place where they can be reabsorbed. Your doctor may teach you these movements so that you can do them at home if needed. BPPV often goes away on its own, but it can come back. |
a6a4a545695fe6bb21f8b48d874fccd7 | How is inflammatory back pain treated with medication? | Physical therapy uses a tailored exercise program along with a variety of techniques that could include: Massage Heat Ultrasound Whirlpool baths If you're struggling to get through a normal day, your doctor may prescribe stronger pain medicines or muscle relaxants. But you have to be careful. Some of these prescription medicines can make you drowsy. You could also become dependent on hydrocodone/acetaminophen ( Vicodin), oxycodone/acetaminophen ( Percocet), or other medications with opioids in them. The antidepressant duloxetine ( Cymbalta) may help with arthritis and chronic lower back pain. Doctors sometimes prescribe antidepressants and anticonvulsants for pain related to irritated nerves. Steroids that you swallow usually aren't recommended for acute low back pain. A back or pain specialist may inject steroids or other drugs directly into your back to help control the pain. |
aaa942acf9e5aef2d886b04a71fa34cb | How is inflammatory back pain treated with acupuncture? | This ancient Chinese healing practice may bring relief for people with chronic low back pain. Gently placing thin, dry needles into your skin at specific points may trigger the release of endorphins, your body's natural painkillers, or it may change your brain chemistry so you have a higher pain tolerance. You should use it along with other treatments. |
d6a2d29b2edac998cd4ad2c32e8fa826 | How is inflammatory back pain treated at home? | The basic way to relieve a strain or minor injury is to take it easy for a while. Use an ice pack and an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. After the inflammation calms down, a heating pad or pack can help soothe muscles and connective tissue. If you have chronic back pain, sleep on a medium-firm mattress. Pay attention to your posture. Slouching puts stress on your back. Bed rest, which used to be what doctors advised for back pain, may do more harm than good. It could slow your recovery and cause new problems. With acute pain, you should be able to start normal, easy activity, like walking, within a few days. After that, gradually ramp back up to your usual exercise level. |
b03fc4ed280427228d7371e35ba012b5 | How can surgery help inflammatory back pain? | For most chronic back pain, this is a last resort. You may need surgery when you have a herniated disk or a pinched nerve from the spinal cord. Rhizotomy -- surgically cutting a nerve -- stops it from sending pain signals to your brain. The surgery can fix the symptoms caused by extremely damaged nerves and rubbing surfaces in a spinal joint, but it doesn't address other problems, like herniated disks. |
af4bb8fe030abdaa574b5383ddcc0db2 | How is inflammatory back pain treated with nerve stimulation? | These treatments are intended for long-standing back pain and nerve damage. Radiofrequency ablation electrically stimulates specific nerves to make them less sensitive to pain. It can also zap the nerve to destroy it and prevent further pain. TENS, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, may help block pain signals or trigger your body to make endorphins. A small battery-powered device sends a signal through electrodes taped to your skin to give you a tingling feeling. |
ad0b6f79aef43d98d0dc26e027f7edd9 | How can counseling help inflammatory back pain? | Cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) can often lessen back pain, change how you think about your levels of pain and disability, and even lift depression. People have been able to take less medication while improving their outlook. |
081f7a635d10165f4f15770930a4fcca | How does a doctor diagnose Tietze syndrome? | Because there is no special test for Tietze syndrome, doctors usually want to know about your symptoms. Your doctor will probably do a physical exam which could involve pressing on your chest. He may also order tests to rule out other things. These tests might include X-rays, an ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI), a biopsy, or an electrocardiogram to see the electrical activity in your heart. |
fbb690e116da59bd3a96513f26458c99 | What heart conditions can be treated with beta-blockers? | Acebutolol ( Sectral) Atenolol ( Tenormin) Bisoprolol ( Zebeta) Carvedilol ( Coreg) Esmolol ( Brevibloc) Labetalol ( Normodyne, Trandate) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol- XL) Propranolol ( Inderal) Doctors often prescribe beta-blockers for these heart conditions: Heart failure High blood pressure Angina Abnormal heart rhythms Heart attack Beta-blockers can also treat: Glaucoma Migraine headaches Anxiety Certain types of tremors Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) If you have asthma or COPD, your doctor may not prescribe a beta-blocker because it may make your breathing symptoms worse. |
f8a099f6a76924bf75081061f1342ea0 | How are beta-blockers used to treat heart disease? | Beta-blockers are one of the most widely prescribed classes of drugs to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and are a mainstay treatment of congestive heart failure. Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of epinephrine (adrenaline) and slowing the heart's rate, thereby decreasing the heart's demand for oxygen. Long-term use of beta-blockers helps manage chronic heart failure. |
8462347f630889759c3ba23063766e09 | What should you do while you are taking a beta-blocker for heart disease? | While you're taking a beta-blocker, you may need to check your pulse every day. If it's slower than it should be, contact your doctor about taking your beta-blocker that day. Never stop taking a beta-blocker without speaking to your doctor first, even if you feel that it's not working. Sudden withdrawal can worsen angina and cause heart attacks. |
2de79ed474fee9ac0fae5f83b658e860 | Do other drugs interact with beta-blockers for heart disease? | Typically, those are for a diuretic (''water pill'') or other medications such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers ( ARBs), which lower blood pressure and improve heart failure symptoms. If you have side effects and you're taking your heart drugs together, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. You may need to change when you take each medication, so they're at different times. It's important to tell your doctor about everything you're taking -- including over-the-counter drugs, herbs, and supplements -- because they might affect how your beta-blocker works. |
bccbef28874114273373ae6e1e96b956 | What beta-blockers are used to treat heart disease? | Acebutolol ( Sectral) Atenolol ( Tenormin) Bisoprolol ( Zebeta) Carvedilol ( Coreg) Esmolol ( Brevibloc) Labetalol ( Normodyne, Trandate) Metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol- XL) Propranolol ( Inderal) Doctors often prescribe beta-blockers for these heart conditions: Heart failure High blood pressure Angina Abnormal heart rhythms Heart attack Beta-blockers can also treat: Glaucoma Migraine headaches Anxiety Certain types of tremors Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) If you have asthma or COPD, your doctor may not prescribe a beta-blocker because it may make your breathing symptoms worse. |
1c6af8f496a5afd5edcc63b21f3de907 | What can I do to help manage a pinched nerve in my elbow? | If you have surgery, physical therapy to regain your arm and hand strength will likely be advised. You might need a splint for a few weeks to help make sure the elbow heals properly. Ongoing care for your elbow should include steps to avoid injuring or irritating the nerve further. You should be careful to avoid trauma to your elbow. You may also need to learn, with occupational therapy, how to hold your arm differently, stretch, or take frequent breaks when doing everyday activities such as working on your computer. |
84fbbb9890dd6b90829f78b64737e91e | Which medications can be affected by grapefruit juice? | Antihistamines: fexofenadine ( Allegra) Some type of calcium channel blockers (blood pressure drugs): felodipine ( Plendil), nifedipine ( Adalat, Procardia) Certain psychiatric drugs: buspirone ( Bu Spar), triazolam ( Halcion), carbamazepine ( Tegretol), diazepam ( Valium), midazolam ( Versed), sertraline ( Zoloft) Some immunosuppressants: cyclosporine ( Neoral), tacrolimus ( Prograf) Certain pain medications: methadone The impotence drug (erectile dysfunction): sildenafil ( Viagra) Some HIV medication: saquinavir ( Invirase) Some antiarrhythmics: amiodarone ( Cordarone, Pacerone) There are alternatives to many of these drugs. |
ca635cc6a859bd802479119e9c3a2991 | What are the risks of taking black cohosh? | Black cohosh may not be safe for: Women who are pregnant (although it is sometimes used to induce labor) Women who have -- or have had -- breast cancer or uterine cancer Women who have endometriosis Children under 18 People with liver disease, a high risk of stroke or blood clots, or seizure disorders People with allergies to aspirin Interactions. |
f225a3a57af667fe3e65e7a25ad5531c | What medications can black cohosh interact with? | People taking other medicines including birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, sedatives, or blood pressure medicine should not take black cohosh without the approval of their doctors. |
69512e35d62371d6235e69f43e7fbd85 | How much black cohosh should you take? | For menopausal symptoms, the dose of black cohosh used in studies has been 20-40 milligram tablets of a standardized extract taken twice a day. Directions for taking black cohosh in other forms will vary. Some experts say that no one should take black cohosh for more than six months at a time. |
683528faf32c27d8615a1889f7e730d9 | Why do people take black cohosh? | Black cohosh is most often used to control the symptoms of menopause, such as: Headaches Hot flashes Mood changes Sleep problems Heart palpitations Night sweats Vaginal dryness Some studies have found evidence that black cohosh does help with these symptoms. However, many experts consider the evidence unclear and say that we need more research. Other uses of black cohosh have less scientific support. Women sometimes take it to regulate periods, ease PMS symptoms, and induce labor. |
f20ac807b1a7fa0bb18c1284455604b6 | What is black cohosh and what is it used for? | For centuries, the roots of the North American black cohosh plant have been used for various ailments. Black cohosh is now a popular remedy for the symptoms of menopause. |
3f287028cd99a376ebe3f6619e876aee | What are the side effects of taking black cohosh? | Side effects from black cohosh include headaches and upset stomach, but there are many others. Side effects may be more likely to occur at high doses. There have been some people who may have developed liver problems after using black cohosh, the specifics of which are still being investigated. Nonetheless, people with pre-existing liver problems, or those taking any other medication/substance that affects the liver, should either avoid black cohosh or check in with their health care provider prior to use. |
80b67ce8fb1680fb33cfb8f21aaad86c | Can you get black cohosh naturally from foods? | There are no food sources for black cohosh. |
b0742cd9795c82a153e2b13c6e655ae2 | How does Parkinsonâs disease affect driving? | But even in mild cases, common symptoms such as shaking in the arms, hands, or legs, impaired balance, and slowed physical and mental responses can affect driving skills. Episodes of tremor, for example, often begin in a hand or a foot and can affect the ability to operate a car's controls. Rigidity can result in jerky motions while steering. Slow movement can interfere with braking in heavy traffic or ability to quickly react to road hazards. Postural instability often results in a stooped posture in which the head is bowed and shoulders are drooped, further reducing drivers' awareness of their surroundings. |
29d282494e1eb4d903f47e6ff5f712dd | Can medication help allow someone with Parkinson's disease to drive? | For many people with early Parkinson's disease, medications can reduce symptoms. But medications may have side effects, such as drowsiness, that can affect driving as well. It can be difficult for doctors to devise a medication plan that reduces the primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease and allows some patients to drive without causing side effects that make driving a car even more dangerous. |
fd01f66c2aea3169b649bd3ee26beec7 | How often should my driving be re-evaluated if I have Parkinson's disease? | Because Parkinson's disease worsens over time, however, many people with Parkinson's disease eventually will need to give up driving a car and rely on other forms of transportation. |
d5ba0a91319f2f076cc15ef00ef648ad | How can I find an organization that can provide transportation for someone with Parkinson's disease? | Eldercare Locator, a service of the U. S. Administration on Aging, can also assist. |
de3d60f1aeb9aa581081ecc43f2b93b3 | What are alternate methods of transportation for those with Parkinson's disease? | It's also important to help your loved one become accustomed to using alternate methods of transportation, such as: Rides from family and friends Taxi cabs Shuttle vans and buses Public buses, trains, and subways Walking Your local Area Agency on Aging can help you find transportation services for a loved one. |
f6bfcbefdf0ec4dd922539d0c1066fa6 | Which signs should I look for to know a loved one with Parkinson's disease shouldn't drive? | Warning signs include: Driving too slowly Stopping in traffic for no apparent reason Ignoring traffic signs Getting lost along a familiar route Difficulty executing turns and lane changes Drifting into other traffic lanes or driving on the wrong side of the street Forgetting to signal or signaling incorrectly Not noticing other vehicles, pedestrians, or road hazards Becoming drowsy or falling asleep behind the wheel Parking inappropriately Getting tickets for traffic violations Getting into near-miss situations, fender benders, or other accidents Any of these warning signs could indicate that it's time for your loved one to stop driving. |
938c222a738071974cd1ef890dc28017 | What is Parkinsonâs disease and how does it affect driving? | Parkinson's disease is a type of movement disorder that can significantly impair driving skills, cause safety concerns, and force many people with the condition to stop driving a car. |
8866ec7deaf6efd343a90c6c75e375db | Does your doctor need to know about any supplements you take if you're going to have aortic valve replacement surgery? | To make sure you're healthy enough for surgery, you'll get: Blood and urine tests Chest X-ray Electrocardiogram ( EKG) Physical exam Tell your doctor about any medicines or supplements you take, including: Vitamins Herbal or natural medicines Drugs you buy âover the counterâ (meaning that they don't need a prescription) Prescription medicines You may need to stop taking certain ones before surgery. |
233d5f6886bc3fef2212c1d9ff2b477f | What does the aortic valve do? | When this valve opens, blood goes from your heart into your aorta (the largest artery in your body) and on to the rest of your body. When your aortic valve closes, it keeps blood from flowing the wrong way back into your heart. This cycle repeats with every heartbeat. If certain things go wrong with that valve, your doctor may recommend that you have surgery to replace it. |
f7c000e9c8f4a0149f280172c632caa5 | What are biological valves for aortic valve replacement? | Biological valves come from animal tissue. They last 10-20 years. That's not as long as mechanical valves, but they don't lead to clots and you won't need blood thinners. You and your doctor should talk about the pros and cons of each type, and what's best for you. |
503bc2f1b05ba0a141d8570b651b8836 | What is minimally invasive surgery for aortic valve replacement? | Then, your doctor: Makes a 6- to 8-inch opening in your chest Splits open your breastbone Stops your heart and hooks you up to a heart-lung machine, which takes over pumping your blood Takes out the damaged valve and puts in a new one Restarts your heart and closes up your chest In some cases, you may be able to get âminimally invasiveâ surgery instead. You get a smaller cut in your chest, and your breastbone won't be opened all the way, if at all. |
1234e623b21c8453128c63c3d2b2d1f9 | What tests are done to make sure you're healthy enough for aortic valve replacement surgery? | To make sure you're healthy enough for surgery, you'll get: Blood and urine tests Chest X-ray Electrocardiogram ( EKG) Physical exam Tell your doctor about any medicines or supplements you take, including: Vitamins Herbal or natural medicines Drugs you buy âover the counterâ (meaning that they don't need a prescription) Prescription medicines You may need to stop taking certain ones before surgery. |
305b0cb786ec896db484e995fcb34ba2 | What are mechanical valves for aortic valve replacement? | Mechanical valves are carbon, metal, or plastic. They last long but boost your chances of having blood clots. You'll have to take drugs called blood thinners for the rest of your life. Your doctor will check your med levels often because too little won't help with clots, but too much could cause heavy bleeding, especially after an injury. |
5616808c60f93206a2cd04854905f6d9 | What are the risks from aortic valve replacement surgery? | Most people do well with this surgery. Like any operation, though, it can lead to problems, including: Bleeding after surgery Blood clots Heart rhythm gets thrown off for a while Infection Kidney problems that may last for a few days after surgery New valve doesn't work or wears out over time Stroke Call your doctor if you notice any of these signs during your recovery: Fever of 100.4 F or higher Pain, redness, or swelling around the wound gets worse Pus or other fluid coming from the wound Shortness of breath that gets worse Symptoms you had before surgery, like chest pain or dizziness, come back |
b1b1196a7cc35005e5c4f847f0f1d2bd | How does a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) work? | With one type of operation, called transcatheter aortic valve replacement ( TAVR), you get a thin tube that runs through a small opening in your leg and up to your heart. Your doctor uses that tube to put in the new valve. |
ec1a0de0e46b84752f15520c6b66b6fb | When should you call a doctor after aortic valve replacement surgery? | Like any operation, though, it can lead to problems, including: Bleeding after surgery Blood clots Heart rhythm gets thrown off for a while Infection Kidney problems that may last for a few days after surgery New valve doesn't work or wears out over time Stroke Call your doctor if you notice any of these signs during your recovery: Fever of 100.4 F or higher Pain, redness, or swelling around the wound gets worse Pus or other fluid coming from the wound Shortness of breath that gets worse Symptoms you had before surgery, like chest pain or dizziness, come back |
dc23342a3cf555977a280f74ca95127b | How can aortic valve problems cause stenosis? | Any of these issues can lead to: Regurgitation, when the valve doesn't close all the way and blood flows backward into the heart Stenosis, when the opening of the valve gets too narrow and not enough blood flows out Those problems can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, and other symptoms. If you don't get the valve replaced, it can be life-threatening. |
54c87fb801e39b16ae1eff3e1e291099 | How can Kegel exercises help with treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP)? | Kegel exercises . These strengthen your pelvic muscles. They're very easy to do. Imagine you have to pee, but instead of letting it out, you squeeze to hold it. Do this for 5 seconds, relax, then do it again. Do 10 sets of these up to 15 times per day. Work up to 10 seconds, 20 repetitions, 3 times per day. Over time, your prolapse may get better or disappear altogether. |
a2a5fc73c70918af1e98df11c6574204 | What is obliterative surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP)? | There are two types of prolapse surgery: obliterative and reconstructive. Obliterative surgery narrows or closes off part or all of the vagina. The goal is to provide more support to the organs that have dropped out of their normal positions and are pressing against the walls of the vagina. This may be an option if surgery hasn't worked and you can't tolerate another procedure, or if you are not healthy enough to have bigger surgery to correct the problem. After this operation you will no longer be able to have intercourse. |
c95ff6e3ccc355ab6da9f1b7ec6acc85 | How can pessary help with treating pelvic organ prolapse (POP)? | This is probably one of the first treatments your doctor will recommend if you have symptoms of POP. A pessary is a device (it looks like a ring) that's inserted into your vagina. It helps to support, or hold up, your pelvic organs. You'll need to be fitted for one in your doctor's office. It's a lot like being fitted for a diaphragm. |
b4bc309c82a922f544070c797831c7cf | How can you tell if your baby is hungry? | Following your child's lead, instead of trying to stick to a strict time-based schedule, is often called âdemand feedingâ or âfeeding on-demand.â Since your infant can't actually say " I'm hungry,â you'll want to learn to look for cues that it's time to eat. These may include: Leaning toward your breast or a bottle Sucking on his hands or fingers Opening his mouth, sticking out his tongue, or puckering his lips Fussiness Crying is also a sign of hunger. But if you wait until your baby is very upset to feed him, it can be hard to calm him down. |
449c2a444e80c2a9ec4631a733fe1f5e | What should you know about feeding your baby? | It's simple: You should nurse or offer a bottle whenever your little one is hungry in the first few months as a newborn. And your baby is going to let you know, loud and clear! But crying isn't the only clue. |
b68eeb8748a9d6d8ecc12661b531a254 | How often should you feed your baby? | It also depends on whether your baby is drinking breast milk or formula, since they digest breast milk more quickly. If you're breastfeeding, your newborn will probably want to nurse every 1.5 to 3 hours. As he gets older, he'll slowly start to nurse less often and fall into a more predictable pattern. Newborns should nurse 8-12 times a day for the first month; when your child gets to be 4 to 8 weeks old, he'll probably start nursing 7-9 times a day. If he's drinking formula, your baby will probably want a bottle every 2 to 3 hours at first. As your child grows, he should be able to go 3 to 4 hours without eating. You may notice that your baby sometimes wants to eat more often or a larger amount than normal. This usually happens when a child is growing rapidly. Your child may go through growth spurts at 7-14 days old, between 3-6 weeks old, around 4 months old, and around 6 months old. Not sure if your baby is getting enough to eat? You can probably relax. If your child has 4-6 wet diapers a day, regular bowel movements, and is gaining weight, then chances are he's doing just fine. If you have any concerns, give your pediatrician a call. |
6fd28519c7c47b78597e0ff18c0d74c0 | What are the side effects of antipsychotics for schizophrenia? | Other, even newer atypical antipsychotics include: Brexpiprazole ( Rexulti) Cariprazine ( Vraylar) While the first-generation, older meds usually cost less, they can have different side effects than the newer antipsychotics. Some can cause higher levels of the hormone prolactin. This can affect sex drive, mood, menstrual cycles, and growth of breast tissue in both men and women. One of the common side effects of many of the newer antipsychotics is weight gain. Your loved one may also have trouble keeping his blood sugar and cholesterol levels under control. One of the more serious side effects from long-term use of both the older and newer medications is a movement disorder called tardive dyskinesia. It makes your facial, tongue, and neck muscles move uncontrollably and can be permanent. While both older and newer antipsychotics can cause tardive dyskinesia, researchers believe that the odds are higher with the older antipsychotics. Antipsychotics come with other side effects as well. Your loved one could have any of the following: Weight gain Sexual problems Drowsiness Dizziness Restlessness Dry mouth Constipation Nausea Blurred vision Low blood pressure Seizures Low white blood cell count Be sure he sees his doctor regularly while he's taking antipsychotic medication. |
990993632d98559fcf2dd3c8e9a424c0 | How do doctors know what medications work best for schizophrenia? | Doctors will choose which medication is best by looking at the following: How well it works on his symptoms How much it will cost Side effects How easily he can get it How often he has to take it There are two groups of antipsychotics. |
1beba8ab49d07c55a58c38642f00f699 | How can get someone to remember to take medications for schizophrenia? | If you think he might have trouble remembering to take medicine every day, he can try a shot he gets from his doctor once or twice a month called a long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication ( LAI). It works just as well as taking a daily pill. |
edec7400096fd2d8789e88ccd193ec3c | What are the different types of antipsychotic medication for schizophrenia? | Doctors will choose which medication is best by looking at the following: How well it works on his symptoms How much it will cost Side effects How easily he can get it How often he has to take it There are two groups of antipsychotics. Doctors call the older group of medications âfirst-generation,â âtypical,â or âconventionalâ antipsychotics. Some common ones are: Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine) Fluphenazine ( Prolixin) Haloperidol ( Haldol) Perphenazine ( Trilafon) Thioridazine ( Mellaril) Thiothixene ( Navane) Trifluoperazine ( Stelazine) The newer ones are called âsecond-generation,â or âatypicalâ antipsychotics. Examples of these medicines include: Aripiprazole ( Abilify) Aripiprazole lauroxil ( Aristada) Asenapine ( Saphris) Clozapine ( Clozaril) Iloperidone ( Fanapt) Lurasidone ( Latuda) Olanzapine ( Zyprexa) Paliperidone ( Invega Sustenna) Paliperidone palmitate ( Invega Trinza) Quetiapine ( Seroquel) Risperidone ( Risperdal) Ziprasidone ( Geodon) Note: Clozapine is the only FDA-approved medication for treating schizophrenia that is resistant to other treatments. It's also indicated for decreasing suicidal behaviors in those with schizophrenia who are at risk. |
e8d9c9a2a76bf94d56a788fa153a6483 | How should you provide support for someone taking medications for schizophrenia? | Schizophrenia can make it hard to stick to a medication plan. Your loved one will need a strong support system. Learn as much as you can about schizophrenia and be part of the decision-making process with your loved one's doctor. Surrounding him with people who care about his well-being is also key. When he starts to take his medication, he may feel better right away. But it may take up to 4 to 6 weeks before symptoms like hallucinations and delusions get better. Be sure he keeps taking it long enough for his doctor to know if it's working. Sometimes it can take several tries to find out which medication works best. |
f9a191f7be27aac28c59bb17a897e365 | What are the different types of birth control pills? | Most birth control pills use the same type of estrogen in various doses, but each brand of pill may offer a slightly different type of the hormone progestin, at different doses. The result? Potentially different side effects. Whichever one you try, give it at least 3 months for any side effects to pass. When birth control pills were first sold in the early 1960s, they had very high levels of estrogen and progestin. |
3cd4512b380d324d7263d4909b3f7bee | What are partial (focal) seizures? | This type begins in a specific area of the brain. They may spread to the entire brain. There are two types: If you have a focal onset aware seizure, you remain conscious. The seizure is very brief (usually less than 2 minutes). You may or may not be able to respond to people while it's happening. Focal onset impaired awareness seizures can cause unconsciousness. You may also do things without knowing it, like lip smacking, chewing, moving your legs, or thrusting your pelvis. |
266645790d30af87c0da7811c312144f | What is the endocrine system? | The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones that help control many important body functions, including the body's ability to change calories into energy that powers cells and organs. |
18281a761f45e418008fdfee60279246 | What is adrenal insufficiency? | The adrenal gland releases too little of the hormone cortisol and sometimes, aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, stomach upset, dehydration, and skin changes. Addison's disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency. |
94901d284f84f5b28bbda040a60133fe | Which hormone do adrenal glands control? | Endocrine glands include: Adrenal glands: Two glands that sit on top of the kidneys that release the hormone cortisol. |
75918fbe4c9c429eb45addd5230b9d98 | What is the role of the endocrine's feedback system? | A hormone imbalance may occur if this feedback system has trouble keeping the right level of hormones in the bloodstream, or if your body doesn't clear them out of the bloodstream properly. |
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