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5bf61ca6296f9822ea84be3d3bdaa068 | What are the symptoms of color blindness? | Color blindness : You have trouble with shades or intensity of colors. Because it's all about perception, you may not know there's a problem until the doctor finds it. This genetic condition mainly affects men. |
ceb90c88be6224da82bb1368a4d43111 | What is the first symptom of cataracts? | Cataracts : Because they develop slowly, your first symptom may be trouble with the vision test for your driver's license renewal. Or your doctor could spot it during a routine eye exam. |
8858a4e92cde17047661dd2be0249198 | What are the symptoms of farsightedness? | Farsightedness : Blurry vision when you look at close up objects. Near and far objects may both look fuzzy. The doctor will say you have hyperopia. |
52751e24a9aa971ff0b189085cc96fdf | What are the symptoms of congenital glaucoma? | Congenital glaucoma: This type affects infants. You'll notice teary or cloudy eyes, unusual sensitivity to light, and enlarged corneas. It can affect one or both eyes. |
60024ac3aef54412baa2c5633e5d9410 | How can executive function affect your abilities? | Executive function helps you: Manage time Pay attention Switch focus Plan and organize Remember details Avoid saying or doing the wrong thing Do things based on your experience Multitask When executive function isn't working as it should, your behavior is less controlled. This can affect your ability to: Work or go to school Do things independently Maintain relationships Executive function can be divided into two groups: Organization: Gathering information and structuring it for evaluation Regulation: Taking stock of your surroundings and changing behavior in response to it For example, seeing a piece of chocolate cake on a dessert cart at a restaurant may be tempting. |
377c856a6da8cf80b1efb5ba32075fa8 | How can you improve your work habits if you have problems with executive function? | To improve work habits: Make a checklist for getting through assignments. For example, a student's checklist could include such items as: get out pencil and paper; put name on paper; put due date on paper; read directions; etc. Meet with a teacher or supervisor on a regular basis to review work and troubleshoot problems. |
4f79ca4bdd83133375effa2dc5be30ea | How can you improve time management if you have problems with executive function? | To improve time management: Create checklists, and estimate how long each task will take. Break long assignments into chunks, and assign time frames for completing each one. Use calendars to keep track of long-term assignments, due dates, chores, and activities. Write the due date on the top of each assignment. |
2469ed8f18ce6cd9df8d3f82d6b1d595 | What are some problems with executive function? | It's a weakness in your brain's self-management system, particularly skills that help you: Pay attention Remember things Organize tasks Manage time Think creatively Some people are born with weak executive function. People with ADHD, depression, or learning disabilities often have problems with these skills. An injury to the front of the brain can harm your ability to stay on task. Damage from Alzheimer's disease or strokes may also cause problems. |
71a52b153abfc73131a006a43bde8b67 | What are warning signs of problems with executive function in children? | Warning signs that a child may have problems with executive function include problems with: Planning projects Estimating how much time a project will take to complete Telling stories (verbally or in writing) Memorizing Starting activities or tasks Shifting plans when situations change Focusing only on one task Shutting down when parents or peers don't act as expected Because executive function problems aren't recognized as an official illness, there isn't a set of criteria you can use to diagnose someone. |
0061b2880d4aef98f8bcdaa880a6e512 | What is affected when executive function isn't working? | Executive function helps you: Manage time Pay attention Switch focus Plan and organize Remember details Avoid saying or doing the wrong thing Do things based on your experience Multitask When executive function isn't working as it should, your behavior is less controlled. This can affect your ability to: Work or go to school Do things independently Maintain relationships Executive function can be divided into two groups: Organization: Gathering information and structuring it for evaluation Regulation: Taking stock of your surroundings and changing behavior in response to it For example, seeing a piece of chocolate cake on a dessert cart at a restaurant may be tempting. |
714de21525b692bda288c763e4a4468e | What is vaginal contraceptive film? | The spermicide in it works for one to three hours. You should wait at least 15 minutes after inserting the film before having sex. And you must use a new film each time you have intercourse. |
112f026ebdc73661f970f0fede16d285 | How effective is vaginal contraceptive film? | As long as you use the film consistently -- and the right way -- it's 74%-94% effective. That means that out of 100 women who rely on it alone, six to 26 will get pregnant in a typical year. If the man also wears a condom, that helps prevent pregnancy. Together, spermicides (like that in the film) and condoms are about 97% effective. |
2f86194d9a685947e9b6f49a65759372 | How can I prevent liver cancer? | Here are ways to reduce your risk of getting liver cancer: If you risk exposure to hepatitis, ask your doctor about getting immunized. Practice safe sex and avoid IV drug use. Drink alcohol only in moderation. If you work around chemicals linked to liver cancer, follow safety guidelines to avoid unnecessary contact. Before taking iron supplements, check with a doctor to make sure you really need them. Do not use anabolic steroids unless medically necessary. |
25f96198ce415c0eed15883a37ccdebc | How do you treat pubic lice? | Pubic Lice Pubic lice can be treated with over-the counter medications containing pyrethrins or permethrin lotion 1%. Your sexual partners will also have to be treated. Crabs are also sometimes found on eyelashes or eyebrows. A nit comb or fingernails may be used if there are only a few live nits on them. Otherwise a special prescription eye ointment may be prescribed. |
56aa56e1ea26c0ece8d453a19f2572e2 | How do you treat lice if you want to avoid the use of insecticides? | For those who prefer not to use topical products, a "combing only" technique may be effective. Wash the hair with ordinary shampoo and conditioner, and leave wet. With a fine-toothed comb, stroke slowly outward from the roots through one lock of hair at a time. Lice will land on the back of the comb, get caught between the teeth, or fall off. Space at least 30 strokes over the head. Repeat every three days. Because newborn lice do not lay eggs for the first week, all the lice should disappear after about two weeks of combing. |
3ffe9226d2c153f32a26c338e8f78f14 | How do you treat body lice? | Body Lice To treat body lice, wash the entire body with soap and water. If this is not effective, you may have to use pediculocide preparation -- either over-the-counter or prescription. As with a head lice infestation, you'll have to wash all clothing, towels, and bedding in hot water and dry in a hot dryer. |
37e5aa3af58ced138e963e31a7aac2ec | What are pyrethrins for treating head lice? | Over-the-counter products with pesticides include: Pyrethrins are a common treatment that is available over the counter. Some studies suggest pyrethrins can affect cognitive development in children. More research is needed. Brand names include Rid, Triple X, Pronto, A-200. For best results, follow the directions exactly. |
ec5ef9e0e02ddd08875e3c5a12ea7574 | How do you correct your vision? | They're practical, affordable, and safe. Contact lenses are good if you have an active lifestyle or don't like wearing eyeglasses. They work the same way as glasses but stay in place when you're on the move. Plus you can wear sunglasses with them, which helps if you spend a lot of time outside. There are many different brands, colors, and materials, so get yours fitted by an eye health pro. Corrective surgery changes the way your eye bends light. You don't get it done for looks. You do it because it helps you depend less on glasses or contacts. You may not need to correct your vision at all after it. |
a58d2d8cf5e3359a1fb32bf7bd0ea35f | What does visual acuity mean? | This checks your central vision -- how you make out the fine details of objects. |
858423f54d9d7dbf6b8cbf522f1db076 | What vision care does health insurance cover? | Most vision health insurance plans cover some or all costs of nonmedical-related vision care. Check with your provider to figure out what's covered. If you don't have vision health insurance, some doctors will set up a payment plan you can afford. If you have a medical eye problem, your regular health insurance will usually cover treatment. |
cb700e64954d2786e8ae656f69803d60 | How often should I see an eye doctor? | Go right away if you have sudden vision loss, eye pain, or irritation. Your doctor can find most eye diseases during a routine exam. Many can be treated with success when you start early. If you have health problems, like diabetes, you may need to go to the eye doctor more often to keep tabs on any complications. |
3b0aaf00f0eb1fda10565f7762b2a6a5 | How is visual acuity tested? | It's easy -- you'll read an eye chart. Simple tests, like the " Random E Test," can determine the visual acuity of infants or nonreaders. |
c4b2534cd782afcfcc1f49bea0895439 | How does your health insurance cover eye health? | Most vision health insurance plans cover some or all costs of nonmedical-related vision care. Check with your provider to figure out what's covered. If you don't have vision health insurance, some doctors will set up a payment plan you can afford. If you have a medical eye problem, your regular health insurance will usually cover treatment. |
425727a4196a14f65cf7a8494f76066a | How is a biopsy used to diagnose peritoneal cancer? | A surgeon removes tissue by opening the abdomen during a laparotomy or by inserting tools through small holes in the abdomen (laparoscopy). If the doctor suspects cancer, he or she may remove one or more organs. A pathologist studies the tissue sample under a microscope to confirm a diagnosis of cancer. |
4a4fb79e21e020d61fd8213842b54af3 | How is a paracentesis used to diagnose peritoneal cancer? | In cases where surgery is not possible or ascites could be due to other causes, the doctor may instead remove fluid for examination under a microscope. This is called paracentesis. |
b49cc159ae20cc67c45f336c5131d9c8 | How is peritoneal cancer related to ovarian cancers? | Peritoneal cancer acts and looks like ovarian cancer. This is mainly because the surface of the ovaries is made of epithelial cells, as is the peritoneum. Therefore, peritoneal cancer and a type of ovarian cancer cause similar symptoms. Doctors also treat them in much the same way. Despite its similarities with ovarian cancer, you can have peritoneal cancer even if your ovaries have been removed. Peritoneal cancer can occur anywhere in the abdominal space. It affects the surface of organs contained inside the peritoneum. |
4678efd3273043fd83a084132eb4894e | How is a CA-125 blood test used to diagnose peritoneal cancer? | This test measures levels of a chemical in the blood called CA-125. If levels are high, peritoneal or ovarian cancer may be present. But CA-125 can be high for other reasons. So, this test cannot confirm a diagnosis of these cancers. |
db8a2a4272522c72b7eb5ab9b7fde8ae | What does hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for peritoneal cancer consist of? | This is administration of heated chemotherapy into the peritoneum after surgery. This technique is common for peritoneal cancer that has spread from the appendix, colon, or stomach. |
b0a5922f5a65f90218afd5cf22fcc8dd | How is chemotherapy used to treat peritoneal cancer? | The drugs for treating peritoneal cancer are similar to those used for ovarian cancer. You may receive these drugs by injection on an outpatient basis every one, two, or three weeks. Sometimes, chemotherapy is delivered directly into the abdomen through a catheter that was placed under the skin during surgery. This is called intraperitoneal chemotherapy. You also receive it about every three weeks, but it is a more complex treatment cycle. |
625900bba072636845afe8e19a158f21 | What is the prognosis for peritoneal cancer? | Peritoneal cancer can spread quickly because the peritoneum is rich in lymph and blood through which it can travel. Recurrence after treatment is common with peritoneal cancer. That's because this cancer is often diagnosed in an advanced stage. You may need more than one round of chemotherapy or other surgeries. |
2976af8e1ecb2d4eb4b65ccc20fcb50d | How is peritoneal cancer treated? | You may have more than one type of treatment for peritoneal cancer. The type of treatment you have depends upon: The stage and grade of the cancer The size and location of the cancer Your age and overall health Treatments for peritoneal cancer include: Surgery. |
a9e566790d430267ad0bb89bb279d17e | How similar is peritoneal cancer to ovarian cancer? | Peritoneal cancer acts and looks like ovarian cancer. This is mainly because the surface of the ovaries is made of epithelial cells, as is the peritoneum. Therefore, peritoneal cancer and a type of ovarian cancer cause similar symptoms. Doctors also treat them in much the same way. |
37a304fe1370b569742671ab6cb4083e | Can you still have peritoneal cancer if your ovaries are removed? | Despite its similarities with ovarian cancer, you can have peritoneal cancer even if your ovaries have been removed. Peritoneal cancer can occur anywhere in the abdominal space. It affects the surface of organs contained inside the peritoneum. |
e34ae0f3b355fc248d53c0b989917196 | How is HIPEC (hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy) used to treat peritoneal cancer? | This is administration of heated chemotherapy into the peritoneum after surgery. This technique is common for peritoneal cancer that has spread from the appendix, colon, or stomach. |
5e45db298a9a20fc1f00739f76d0c20f | When do you need antibiotics for sinusitis? | If a secondary bacterial infection has developed in your sinuses, you'll need antibiotics. Your health care provider will probably prescribe them for about 10 to 14 days. Just remember that antibiotics will only work in cases of bacterial infection. They will not help with viruses. Also, you need to follow your health care provider's instructions and take all your antibiotic medicine, even if you start feeling better after a few days. |
3a1af8855f69330ce6e2c546d4380bee | What is the connection between sinusitis and asthma? | Many studies have shown a connection between sinus infections and asthma. One study showed that, when compared with those who only have asthma, people who have both sinusitis and asthma: Tend to have more severe asthma symptoms May have more severe asthma flares Are more likely to have disturbed sleep The risks of developing sinusitis may not be the same for everyone with asthma. |
b9b30714a36dc87485bb32665e013499 | How are sinusitis and asthma treated? | Treatment is important in preventing sinusitis from worsening. Again, since the conditions are linked, treating sinusitis may have the added benefit of improving your asthma symptoms. If you have sinusitis and asthma, your health care provider might recommend that you use: Steroid nasal sprays to reduce the swelling; easing the inflammation might allow the sinuses to drain normally. Decongestant or antihistamine medicines Always ask your health care provider before using nasal spray decongestants. |
d5c3eedd6765c7476782412accdd0114 | How can you prevent sinusitis? | There's no sure-fire way of preventing sinusitis. But there are some things you can do to lower your risk: Use regular steroid sprays to prevent sinus inflammation. This is particularly important if you've had recurrent or chronic sinusitis. Avoid allergens and irritants, if you have allergies. Take your asthma medication as recommended. Keeping your asthma symptoms under control can reduce your risks of developing serious sinusitis. |
3f64934b858b872b866c951a05d4c6cc | What triggers sinusitis? | Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of these sinuses. Just like the lining of your nose, the sinuses can become irritated and swollen by allergens, viruses, or bacterial infection. Common triggers of sinusitis include: A cold or viral infection Air pollution and smog Airborne allergens Dry or cold air When the tissue in the sinuses gets irritated, it produces mucus. |
1337d410fe356bc84487fbe35ebf970e | What is sinusitis? | While there are many sinuses in the body, the term is often used to refer to the paranasal sinuses. These are a group of four hollow cavities in your face, near the cheeks and eyes. They're connected to the nasal passageways and help warm up, moisten and filter the air you breathe in. Sinusitis is the inflammation or infection of these sinuses. |
f1efe350fa97d5f4ba4701861172977a | Do allergies affect asthma and sinus infections? | For people with allergies, controlling exposure to allergens is key. Not only will it reduce your asthma symptoms, but it will also reduce your risk of sinus infections. Avoid any allergic triggers and irritants, like cigarette smoke. You can also ask your health care provider if allergy shots might be helpful. |
23e65b60cd191c868044c795cdd373e4 | What is postnasal drip? | Postnasal drip is a lay term that refers to the sensation of nasal mucus that builds up or drains into the back of the throat. Your glands in the nose and throat produce mucus continuously (1 to 2 pints per day), that helps to cleanse the nasal membranes, helps warm the air you breathe, and traps inhaled foreign matter. Mucus also helps to fight infection. |
deabd513b3502bec16801aea860fbfc5 | How can mucus lead to sinus pressure? | Common triggers of sinusitis include: A cold or viral infection Air pollution and smog Airborne allergens Dry or cold air When the tissue in the sinuses gets irritated, it produces mucus. If enough mucus and trapped air builds up, you feel painful pressure in the sinuses. These are the familiar signs of a sinus headache. |
c7f408c49680510523cc6ac728ad7fd4 | When would surgery be needed for sinus problems? | Physical problems in the nasal passages can lead to chronic sinusitis. These include narrow nasal passages, a deviated septum, or polyps -- small lumps in the nose. Surgically correcting these problems -- or opening up chronically swollen, inflamed sinuses -- can sometimes resolve the problem. |
002b828d22f1021162103a078e7eb91f | What causes sinus infections? | But some common signs are pain in these areas: Forehead Upper jaw and teeth Area around the eyes Neck, ear, and on the top of the head Severe sinusitis can also cause: Thick yellow or green mucus Bad-tasting postnasal drip Fever Weakness Fatigue Cough Usually, sinus infections are caused by viruses, like a cold virus. But if the sinuses have been blocked for too long, bacteria can invade, causing a secondary infection. Having multiple sinus infections can lead to chronic (long-term) sinusitis. |
3eeacaed0a527c7384032d35e86e333c | What happens if you do have a seizure during labor? | Your doctor may give you IV medication to stop the seizure. If that doesn't work, you may have to have a caesarean section. Although most women with epilepsy have normal vaginal deliveries, they do have a higher rate of C-sections than other women. Sometimes, anticonvulsant drugs can also reduce the ability of the muscles of your uterus to contract. If this happens, your labor might not progress as well and a C-section may be your best option. |
f01d4e60ded6de426b9765ea2054a7c1 | How can epilepsy affect your fertility? | Before you try to conceive, you should talk to your neurologist and your obstetrician. Most doctors recommend that women with epilepsy be cared for by a high-risk obstetrician during their pregnancy. Both will want to monitor you closely throughout. |
f95cfc388fc25bb88aca81e51b02be3b | What can help decrease the chance of birth defects if you have epilepsy? | Although the link between antiseizure medications and birth defects is not clear, your doctor may recommend that you take 4 mg per day of folic acid supplements one to three months before trying to get pregnant and throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. |
fb04883228f57cbae3c8270c31768ed1 | What should a female with elipesy know about the possibility of pregnancy? | Fortunately, most women with epilepsy give birth to normal, healthy babies, if you take precautions, your chance of having a healthy child is greater than 90%. There are increased risks. But working closely with your doctor can help minimize those risks. Before you try to conceive, you should talk to your neurologist and your obstetrician. Most doctors recommend that women with epilepsy be cared for by a high-risk obstetrician during their pregnancy. Both will want to monitor you closely throughout. |
9b4a5bd8d3e926bada20a019a076d82d | Why do doctors prescribe tamoxifen for breast cancer? | There are different reasons, including: To treat breast cancer after surgery or radiation To treat cancer in one breast and reduce the risk of the disease in the other breast To prevent invasive breast cancer in women at high risk To treat the earliest stage of breast cancer, called ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS), after surgery and radiation To prompt ovulation in women with fertility problems To treat other cancers such as ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, melanoma, and brain tumors In higher than normal doses, tamoxifen may even kill some breast cancer cells that don't depend on estrogen. |
02a9e225dad5722979caddc9bc9dac36 | What are the treatments for pneumonia? | How your pneumonia is treated depends on what caused it and how bad your symptoms are. If you have bacterial pneumonia, your doctor will give you antibiotics to treat it. He'll also take steps to prevent complications. If your pneumonia was caused by a virus, time and rest are key to your recovery. Viral pneumonia usually gets better on its own in 1 to 3 weeks. But your doctor may recommend treatment that includes: Drinking lots of fluids to loosen the gunk in your lungs Lots of rest Medicines to control your fever (ibuprofen or acetaminophen) If it becomes severe, you may have to stay in the hospital for treatment. |
905b69d751b42fbdf4e6ceac7bb911fd | What can I do to treat cold sores? | Like canker sores, they often heal on their own in a week or so. But since you can spread the virus that causes them to other people, start treatment as soon as you notice one forming. Medications you can try include over-the-counter remedies and prescription antiviral drugs. Ask your doctor or dentist if either type of treatment could help you. |
a2916d9eff0b76a7ad37cbb4e27e2882 | What can you do to get relief from canker sores? | To ease irritation, don't eat spicy, hot foods or anything with a high acid content, such as tomatoes or citrus fruits. Most canker sores disappear in a week to 10 days. For relief, try over-the-counter "numbing" medicine that you put directly on the sore. If you get canker sores often, your dentist may prescribe a steroid ointment. |
1fa0b91d8dba8501119ee132835b8658 | Can stress lead to teeth grinding? | Stress may make you clench and grind your teeth. This can happen during the day or at night, and often without your realizing it. If you already clench and grind your teeth, stress could make the habit worse. It can lead to problems with a joint known as TMJ that's located in front of your ear where the skull and lower jaw meet. |
3fc6fba26b664d2369d1238119f77e16 | What can you do to help stop teeth grinding caused by stress? | Your dentist may recommend a night guard, worn as you sleep, or another appliance to help you stop or curb your grinding. During the day, try to keep your teeth slightly apart when you're not eating. |
2f58eb52339c66ade2893a07d0f43f1d | Who talks in their sleep? | Many people talk in their sleep. Half of all kids between the ages of 3 and 10 years old carry on conversations while asleep, and a small number of adults -- about 5% -- keep chit-chatting after they go to bed. The utterances can take place occasionally or every night. A 2004 poll showed that more than 1 in 10 young children converse in their sleep more than a few nights a week. Girls talk in their sleep as much as boys. And experts think that sleep talking may run in families. |
4185a9f4377d01448b8b80d5f534ff17 | What are other causes of sleep talking? | Other things that can cause sleep talking include: Certain medications Emotional stress Fever Mental health disorder Substance abuse It is a good idea to see a sleep specialist if your sleep talking occurs suddenly as an adult or if it involves intense fear, screaming, or violent actions. |
19c5eb1a68b0835b4d86d6e5daaebc65 | How is talking in your sleep treated? | A sleep specialist will ask you how long you've been talking in your sleep. You'll have to ask your bed partner, roommate -- even your parents -- this question. Keep in mind, you may have started sleep talking in childhood. There are no tests needed to diagnose sleep talking. However, your doctor may order tests, such as a sleep study or sleep recording (polysomnogram), if you have signs of another sleep disorder. Sleep talking rarely requires treatment. However, severe sleep talking may be the result of another more serious sleep disorder or medical condition, which can be treated. Talk to your doctor about your treatment options. |
3ea23fefa8c34b9b45c9643092ad0c35 | What are the symptoms of talking in your sleep? | It's hard to tell if you've been talking in your own sleep. Usually, people will tell you they've heard you shout out during the night or while you were napping. Or maybe someone might complain that your sleep talking is keeping him or her up all night. |
7fb56cdc687be7f90531582e283e635f | What is genetic counseling for if you have a risk of having a baby with Down syndrome? | They're highly trained in genetic conditions, as well as helping people talk through challenging issues. They can speak to you about risks, walk through possible results, and help you figure out which tests might make the most sense for you. If you have a higher risk of having a baby with Down syndrome, you might want to talk to a genetic counselor before you get pregnant, but it can be very helpful after, too. |
2c119461d1350b7283f5e4cac242424a | When you're pregnant, how does the chorionic villus sampling (CVS) test for Down syndrome work? | Chorionic villus sampling ( CVS) tests cells from the placenta, which passes nutrients from mother to baby. Your doctor gets the cells either through your cervix or with a needle through your belly. It can be done at 10 to 12 weeks -- earlier than you can get an amnio -- but has a slightly higher chance of causing a miscarriage or other problems. |
7806651006e8e253d821d42604b7e100 | How will your doctor find out if you have heart failure? | If you have systolic heart failure, you can have: Shortness of breath Tiredness, weakness Swelling in feet, ankles, legs, or abdomen Lasting cough or wheezing Fast or irregular heartbeat Dizziness Confusion More need to pee at night Nausea Lack of appetite To figure out if you have heart failure, your doctor will: Examine you Ask about your medical history Run some tests Those tests might include: Blood tests: Abnormal levels of important substances can show strain to organs due to heart failure. |
68973487259fbd271e1698c90bf5712f | What medications can help manage systolic heart failure? | Common medicines for systolic heart failure are: Diuretics (water pills), which help ease swelling ACE inhibitors, ARB, or ARNI to widen blood vessels and lower blood pressure, making it easier for your heart to work Beta-blockers to help slow heart rate and lower blood pressure Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, a type of diuretic that gets rid of extra salt and fluid and keeps needed potassium Nitrate and hydralazine, which work together to relax and open blood vessels Digoxin to help the heart pump harder and ease some symptoms of heart failure Surgery and devices: In some cases, you may need surgery. |
3eadedd52e18b5916c21ab253673d902 | What surgeries and devices can help manage systolic heart failure? | Common medicines for systolic heart failure are: Diuretics (water pills), which help ease swelling ACE inhibitors, ARB, or ARNI to widen blood vessels and lower blood pressure, making it easier for your heart to work Beta-blockers to help slow heart rate and lower blood pressure Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, a type of diuretic that gets rid of extra salt and fluid and keeps needed potassium Nitrate and hydralazine, which work together to relax and open blood vessels Digoxin to help the heart pump harder and ease some symptoms of heart failure Surgery and devices: In some cases, you may need surgery. Several procedures can treat heart failure. If your condition is more severe, your doctor may implant a device like a defibrillator or something called a left ventricular assist device ( LVAD) in your body. Other times, a heart transplant may be the best option. Your doctor will determine the right course for you. |
2894a3c20b52033bcdacf8307ff4bff5 | What liquids should you avoid to keep your teeth white? | Avoid the consumption of or exposure to products that stain your teeth, such as coffee, tea, and red wine. If you do choose to consume beverages that stain, consider using a straw so that the liquid bypasses your front teeth. |
0d1b71eb77e41f40446c288806797fda | How should you take care of your teeth to keep them white? | Brush your teeth at least twice daily, floss at least once daily to remove plaque, and rinse with an antiseptic mouthwash at least once a day to kill bacteria that cause plaque. Use a whitening toothpaste (once or twice a week only) to remove surface stains and prevent yellowing. Use a regular toothpaste the rest of the time. |
4488aae5ce87005549ad0ded4bcbacb3 | How often might you need a touch-up treatment to keep your teeth white? | If you smoke or drink lots of stain-causing beverages, you may need a touch up more often. |
52ad26272b36823e9c7ecc081a395d76 | Why are more children getting asthma? | No one really knows the exact reasons why more and more children are getting asthma. Some experts suggest that children spend too much time indoors with dust, air pollution, and secondhand smoke. Others say kids aren't exposed to enough childhood illnesses to help their immune systems learn to fight bacteria and viruses. |
529f205f4a2dd106240cabea7ed38396 | What are the goals of treating my child's asthma? | Asthma can't be cured, but it can be controlled. If your child can't meet all of these goals, contact her doctor for advice. She should be able to: Live an active, normal life Prevent chronic and troublesome symptoms Attend school every day Avoid asthma symptoms during the night Do daily activities, play, and engage in sports without difficulty Stop the need for urgent visits to the doctor, emergency department, or hospital Use and adjust medications to control asthma with little or no side effects By learning about asthma and how to control it, you take an important step toward managing your child's disease. |
ba9e7e59f017134f7116532f45cb146b | What happens during a vitrectomy surgery? | It may be just one in a series of procedures to repair a problem. You'll have the option to stay awake and use numbing drops or shots in your eye. Or you might get general anesthesia -- medicine that helps you go to sleep during surgery. |
d0e87b705cacd71bb55e600a7e536afe | When is primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) usually spotted? | It can be diagnosed as late as age 3. If the disease is found early, 80% to 90% of children respond well to treatment. They won't have vision problems in the future. |
3e118d3b7cb19625e8740ba21fd91bc3 | What causes primary congenital glaucoma (PCG)? | We know that if a baby's eye cells and tissues don't grow like they should before birth, he can have trouble with drainage after he's born. But we don't clearly understand most causes at this time. Some cases are inherited, while others aren't. |
c6d2d93a39191af79828fab5a266b8f1 | How is primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) diagnosed? | You're likely to notice that your baby: Closes his eyelids like he's protecting his eye Seems painfully sensitive to light Tears up a lot Depending on how far the disease has worsened, other eye symptoms can include: A cloudy cornea (the front layer of your eye that's normally clear) One or both eyes larger than normal Redness Your child will need a full eye exam. It isn't easy for eye doctors to check an infant or small child's eyes, so they usually do it in an operating room. Your child will get anesthesia (medicines that help him go to sleep) during the procedure. The doctor will: Measure his eye pressure Thoroughly examine all parts of his eye The doctor will make a formal diagnosis only after he rules out all other conditions that could have caused your child's problems. |
257dde229fb19af32dca709fc8d878b9 | What does primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) do to your eye? | In a healthy eye, the fluid circulates inder normal pressure and brings in nutrients. It drains through a network of cells and tissue. To replace what's lost, your eye constantly makes more. With PCG, this process goes off track. In most cases, the fluid doesn't drain like it should and the buildup makes your eye pressure rise. The optic nerve, at the back of your eye, sends signals to your brain. |
8cbd8c370cf2d88393a505e967ea77c1 | What should I expect during clinical trials? | The new treatments are hoped to be at least as effective as -- or possibly more effective than -- current treatments. New treatment options are first researched in the laboratory, where they are carefully studied in the test tube and in laboratory animals. Only the treatments most likely to work are further evaluated in a small group of humans prior to applying them in a larger clinical trial. |
58263d7c3e2d3b39c1b8b606801b219b | What is it like to participate in a clinical trial? | All patients face a new world of medical terms and procedures. Fears and myths of being experimented upon or being a guinea pig are common concerns of patients who are thinking about participating in a clinical trial. Even though there are always going to be fears of the unknown, understanding what is involved in a clinical trial before agreeing to participate can relieve some of your anxieties. |
44f04f915102c9ab56f1d1d66e522477 | What are the phases of a clinical trial? | Phase I clinical trial. A new research treatment is given to a small number of participants and emphasizes safety. The researchers determine the best way to give the new treatment, find out the drug's most frequent and serious side effects, and how much of it can be given safely. Phase II clinical trials. Determine the effect of a research treatment on the particular disease or condition being evaluated. Phase III clinical trials. Compare the new treatment with the standard treatment and study different populations and different dosages and combinations of drugs. Phase IV clinical trials. Apply the new treatment to general patient care (after FDA approval for marketing); for example, a new drug that was found effective in a clinical trial may be used together with other effective drugs to treat the particular disease or condition in a select group of patients. |
cfedb9b726a7d7d55393e3c97788e0a6 | How is HPV treated in men? | There is no treatment for HPV infection in men when no symptoms are present. Instead, doctors treat the health problems that are caused by the HPV virus. When genital warts appear, a variety of treatments can be used. The patient can apply prescription creams at home. Or a doctor can surgically remove or freeze off the warts. Early treatment of warts is discouraged by some doctors because genital warts can go away on their own. It can also take time for all warts to appear. So a person who treats warts as soon as they appear may need another treatment later on. Anal cancer can be treated with radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. The specific treatments depend on the stage of cancer -- how big the tumor is and how far the cancer has spread. |
8ab4178dd2e7bd0f540a9ea33c11de4e | How can you prevent spreading HPV? | Abstinence is the only sure way to prevent HPV transmission. Risk of transmission can be lowered if a person has sex only with one person who is not infected and who is also monogamous. To lower the risk of HPV transmission, men can also limit the number of sex partners and pick partners who have had few or no partners in the past. Condoms can provide some protection against HPV transmission. Unfortunately, they aren't 100% effective, since HPV is transmitted primarily by skin-to-skin contact. The virus can still infect the skin uncovered by the condom. |
56697723cfa5d7afdec10d61e99efdb7 | Is there an HPV vaccine for men? | The HPV vaccine Gardasil, approved for use in females in 2006, was approved for males in 2009. Gardasil is approved for boys and men ages 9 to 26 for the prevention of genital warts caused by two HPV strains: HPV 6 and HPV 11. Those are two of the four HPV strains that Gardasil targets. In late 2010, Gardasil was also approved for the prevention of anal cancer. More recently, the FDA approved Gardasil 9. It prevents infection by the same HPV types as Gardasil plus HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-45, HPV-52, and HPV-58. Collectively, these types are implicated in 90% of cervical cancers. Gardasil 9 is approved for use in males ages 9 to 26. |
b29fc2dfb3b3fcd9fad96c114aca3133 | What tests are used to check for HPV in men? | Genital warts are the first symptom you may see with low-risk HPV strains that cause warts but not cancer. To diagnose genital warts in men, the doctor will visually check a man's genital area to see if warts are present. Some doctors will apply a vinegar solution to help identify warts that aren't raised and visible. But the test is not foolproof. Sometimes normal skin is mistakenly identified as a wart. There is no routine test for men to check for high-risk HPV strains that can cause cancer. However, some doctors are urging anal Pap tests for gay and bisexual men, who are at higher risk of anal cancer caused by HPV. In an anal Pap test, the doctor collects cells from the anus, and then has them checked for abnormalities in a lab. |
bf9020b8bc534bb68db4410b722102d5 | How can you manage HPV in a relationship? | If a man's long-term sexual partner has HPV, chances are good HPV transmission has already occurred and he also has it. HPV in men may clear from the body more easily than in women. Women, in general, often clear the virus in two years or less. The HPV types associated with cervical cancer usually do not cause health problems for a heterosexual man having sex with an HPV-infected woman. If a partner has HPV, it does not necessarily mean they have had sex with someone else recently. The virus can lay dormant in the body for years without causing noticeable symptoms. |
509de3a7b6f30fd8cfa513da0073b225 | When should I get medical help if a person faints? | Has blue lips or face An irregular or slow heartbeat Chest pain Difficulty breathing Is difficult to awaken Acts confused Lay the person flat on his or her back. |
1646056f8be9197c01035e149df5998d | When should you see a doctor about fainting? | See a health care provider right away if the person: Hit his or her head when fainting Faints more than once in a month Is pregnant or has a heart condition or other serious illness Experiences unusual symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, confusion, blurred vision, or difficulty talking |
d232c7548c91dfbac008180f98145ef5 | What should I do if someone faints? | Has blue lips or face An irregular or slow heartbeat Chest pain Difficulty breathing Is difficult to awaken Acts confused Lay the person flat on his or her back. Elevate the person's legs to restore blood flow to the brain. Loosen tight clothing. Shake the person vigorously, tap briskly, or yell. If the person doesn't respond, call 911 immediately and start CPR if necessary. If an AED is available, bring it by the person and use it if you have been trained on its use. |
79db204ae5c4a4a43a16231c8a295a47 | How do you use automated external defibrillator (AED)? | For newborns, infants, and children up to age 8, use a pediatric AED, if possible. If not, use an adult AED. Turn on the AED. Wipe chest dry. Attach pads. Plug in connector, if necessary. Make sure no one is touching the person. Push â Analyzeâ button. If a shock is advised, check again to make sure no one is touching the person. Push â Shockâ button. Start or resume chest compressions. For an adult, see The Importance of CPR for information about giving CPR. For a child, see CPR for Children. Follow AED prompts. After 2 minutes of CPR, check the person's heart rhythm. If it's still absent or irregular, give another shock. If a shock isn't needed, continue CPR until emergency help arrives or the person begins to move. Stay with the person until help arrives. |
4385a0fc73e1bec797a5df0c0bc45d1f | What are the symptoms of tooth enamel erosion? | If your teeth start losing their outer shell, you might notice: Pain when eating hot, cold, or sweet foods or drinks Rough or uneven edges on the teeth, which can crack or chip when they lose their enamel Smooth, shiny surfaces on the teeth, a sign of mineral loss Yellow teeth Cupping, or dents, that show up where you bite and chew Good dental care is the best way to keep your mouth healthy. |
376cce66b490d025f19766f0ea64dad3 | What can damage tooth enamel? | Drugs or supplements that have a lot of acid. |
e19e1438dea9eda290a41e08f2bc61e9 | How does a blood clot begin? | The process begins whenever flowing blood comes into contact with specific substances in your skin or in blood vessel walls. When they touch, it usually means the skin or blood vessel wall is broken. |
f4ecbcb67a70787e4634a8b7f4d7e178 | How does tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) affect the clotting process? | Apixaban ( Eliquis) Dabigatran ( Pradaxa) Edoxaban ( Savaysa) Heparin Rivaroxaban ( Xarelto) Warfarin ( Coumadin) Clot-dissolving drugs such as altplase, streptokinase, and tenecteplase activate the protein that breaks down the fibrin strands. Sometimes doctors prescribe it as a treatment for heart attack or stroke. |
c83064e3114b73c3f583ef337b83c1de | What causes blood clots? | Waxy cholesterol plaques that form in arteries have these things inside, too. If the plaque breaks open, they'll start the clotting process. Most heart attacks and strokes happen when a plaque in your heart or brain suddenly bursts. Blood clots can also form when your blood doesn't flow properly. If it pools in your blood vessels or heart, the platelets are more likely to stick together. Atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis ( DVT) are two conditions where slowly moving blood can cause clotting problems. |
ff9c4f62655ef2bb66d6f5afe8b799a1 | How do blood thinners affect the clotting process? | Aspirin Clopidogrel ( Plavix) Dipyridamole ( Persantine) Prasugrel ( Effient) Ticagrelor ( Brilinta) Ticlopidine ( Ticlid) Medicines called blood thinnersmake it hard for your body to make clotting factors, or they prevent proteins in the clot-forming process from working. Apixaban ( Eliquis) Dabigatran ( Pradaxa) Edoxaban ( Savaysa) Heparin Rivaroxaban ( Xarelto) Warfarin ( Coumadin) Clot-dissolving drugs such as altplase, streptokinase, and tenecteplase activate the protein that breaks down the fibrin strands. |
ea6bfcbd1ac1bb0922160bfbd5d9af30 | Where does Strep A bacteria live? | They also can create infections of the: Ear Sinuses Skin Tonsils Strep A bacteria normally live in your nose and mouth, and on your skin. Many people carry these microbes but don't get sick. |
52b462657945347c128902f8b9127fc4 | How long are you contagious after getting strep throat? | You can stay contagious for up to a month if you don't get treated. Antibiotics can prevent the infection from spreading. People who take antibiotics stop being contagious after about 24 hours. |
b2f263596f7fa8e83769d14fd61a83a9 | How can you avoid getting strep? | This includes anyone who: Was born with an immune system problem Has HIV, AIDS, or cancer Had an organ transplant Takes medicine that suppresses the ability to fight off germs The best way to avoid strep is to stay away from anyone who looks or sounds sick. Signs can include: A sore throat Swollen glands Fever Nausea, vomiting Rash Try not to share any personal items with someone who is sick. This includes: Cups and plates Knives, forks, spoons Toothbrushes Food and drinks Wash your hands and your children's hands often. Or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Always clean your hands before you eat and after you use the bathroom. |
40f2b820f3fbcb34d0074e767b55b176 | How does strep throat spread? | But when it is left untreated, it can cause complications such as: Rheumatic fever, a disease that can damage the joints and heart Kidney problems Strep throat makes the rounds when someone who has the infection coughs or sneezes. Droplets filled with bacteria spray into the air. |
2bbeb8be9b6ae917dd78c7e61357b472 | What complications can untreated strep throat cause? | Strep throat usually isn't serious. But when it is left untreated, it can cause complications such as: Rheumatic fever, a disease that can damage the joints and heart Kidney problems Strep throat makes the rounds when someone who has the infection coughs or sneezes. |
5458136a8b99c9a10e3a2774c4e5ea51 | How quickly do symptoms of strep throat occur? | When you get infected, you typically start to show symptoms about 2 to 5 days after you were exposed to the bacteria. |
3bb28b9508adb51d0b33fd960622eb21 | What do you need to know about scorpionfish, lionfish, and stonefish poisoning? | Scorpionfish, lionfish, and stonefish are all poisonous fish that live in tropical and temperate oceans, especially the Red Sea and Indian and Pacific Oceans. They have erectile spines on their dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins. Because these fish are not aggressive, contact with them and the poisonings that result are usually accidental. Contact with ornate lionfish causes mild poisoning. Contact with camouflaged scorpionfish causes moderate-to-severe poisoning. The motionless stonefish, when contacted, causes severe -to -life-threatening poisoning. |
4ad48c2a8c27654d8ad218af1ca2220d | How can using a humidifier and a filter help treat dry eyes? | This can add moisture to dry indoor air. Putting a pan of water near your heat or radiator has the same effect. An air cleaner that filters dust and other particles may also help prevent dry eyes. |
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