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ba57d70abd7c1c92644a0608acfb0f02 | What are the symptoms of testicular cancer? | Symptoms of testicular cancer include a lump, irregularity or enlargement in either testicle; a pulling sensation or feeling of unusual heaviness in the scrotum; a dull ache in the groin or lower abdomen; and pain or discomfort (which may come and go) in a testicle or the scrotum. |
c673659faedcfc7adbe3ba4a365d28e2 | What is testicular trauma? | Because the testicles are located within the scrotum, which hangs outside of the body, they do not have the protection of muscles and bones. This makes it easier for the testicles to be struck, hit, kicked, or crushed, which occurs most often during contact sports. Males can protect their testicles by wearing athletic cups during sports. Trauma to the testicles can cause severe pain, bruising, and/or swelling. In most cases, the testes -- which are made of a spongy material -- can absorb the shock of an injury without serious damage. A rare type of testicular trauma, called testicular rupture, occurs when the testicle receives a direct blow or is squeezed against the hard bones of the pelvis. This injury can cause blood to leak into the scrotum. In severe cases, surgery to repair the rupture -- and thus save the testicle -- may be necessary. |
07aee2b6bdd7f3165b88210ac44852b0 | What is testicular cancer? | Testicular cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the testicles divide and grow uncontrolled. In some cases, certain benign (non-cancerous) tumors may progress and become cancer. Testicular cancer can develop in one or both testicles in men or young boys. |
8fd1cc52bd18655afa899297a1289919 | What disorders affect the testicles? | Some of the more common conditions that affect the testicles include testicular trauma, testicular torsion, testicular cancer, epididymitis, and hypogonadism. |
271bf315ab231fd28fead2f5be2eda45 | What is hypogonadism? | Hypogonadism in men is a condition that occurs when the testicles (also called gonads) do not produce enough testosterone. Primary hypogonadism occurs when there is a problem or abnormality in the testicles themselves. Secondary hypogonadism occurs when there is a problem with the pituitary gland in the brain, which sends chemical messages to the testicles to produce testosterone. Hypogonadism can occur during fetal development, at puberty, or in adult men. |
155d3c524a71dade66ed61f71ff7a665 | When should you call a doctor or podiatrist about your diabetes-related skin issues? | When you have diabetes, your feet need special attention. Beyond a daily foot care routine, call your doctor or podiatrist right away if you: Don't see an improvement the next day after treating a minor problem, such as a cut. Have pain or discomfort that lasts for more than 2 days. Have a temperature. Notice any pus on the sore or near the wound. |
d1113d287d6a258aa3b78bc52a0c621d | When should I call a doctor or podiatrist about skin problems if I have diabetes? | When you have diabetes, your feet need special attention. Beyond a daily foot care routine, call your doctor or podiatrist right away if you: Don't see an improvement the next day after treating a minor problem, such as a cut. Have pain or discomfort that lasts for more than 2 days. Have a temperature. Notice any pus on the sore or near the wound. |
25b0a9d566a18ded7e00a11a787e5085 | How can you treat minor burns if you have diabetes? | Change the bandage at least once a day. Soothe the area with cool, clean running water. Don't try to break or pop any blisters. Gently wash the area with mild soap and warm water and pat dry. Cover the burn with a gauze pad. Secure that with hypoallergenic or paper tape. |
2925d44c14adc51ace537b685565a40e | What should I do if I have a minor burn and I have diabetes? | Change the bandage at least once a day. Soothe the area with cool, clean running water. Don't try to break or pop any blisters. Gently wash the area with mild soap and warm water and pat dry. Cover the burn with a gauze pad. Secure that with hypoallergenic or paper tape. |
f9403671bcb866776b04595fc743afe1 | How can I protect my skin if I have diabetes? | To shield your skin from the cold or wind, cover your ears and face, including your nose, and wear a hat. Also, wear warm gloves and shoes or boots. Follow these guidelines, too: Use lip balm to prevent chapped lips. To prevent dry skin when the temperature drops, use a room humidifier to add moisture to heated indoor air. When you bathe or shower, use warm (not hot) water, and a mild, moisturizing soap. Don't take long baths or showers. Pat skin dry -- don't rub it. After washing and drying off, use a mild lotion to prevent dry skin. Avoid scratching dry skin. Apply moisturizer instead. Keep a bottle of lotion near the sink so you can use it after washing your hands. Limit products you use on your skin to lower your chances of having a reaction. If you're prone to acne, talk to your dermatologist before choosing a facial moisturizer. Some can cause acne or make it worse. Use products labeled "noncomedogenic" or "nonacnegenic." |
39973a1fe254c53f049a2c281ab361d7 | How should I keep in a first-aid kit for my hands and feet if I have diabetes? | Keep a first-aid kit close by to take care of your hands and feet. It should include: Antibacterial ointment Gauze pads Hypoallergenic or paper tape Prepackaged cleansing wipes (in case soap and water aren't available) Don't try to break or pop the blister. |
1bc60e4fb6ecc7435435841b4605347b | What should my first-aid kit for my skin include if I have diabetes? | Keep a first-aid kit close by to take care of your hands and feet. It should include: Antibacterial ointment Gauze pads Hypoallergenic or paper tape Prepackaged cleansing wipes (in case soap and water aren't available) Don't try to break or pop the blister. |
e52a654196fad79fc6e9bcb182f3274b | Which medicines can cause photophobia? | Some medicines can also cause photophobia, including: Antibiotics, such as doxycycline and tetracycline. Furosemide ( Lasix): This keeps your body from holding on to too much fluid. It's used to treat congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, and other conditions. Quinine ( Qualaquin): This is a drug used to treat malaria. |
ee61d65a0cef99f65ad02af9c3c4d440 | How can photophobia affect you? | It can cause pain whenever you're in bright sunlight or indoor light. You might want to blink or close your eyes. Some people also get headaches. |
a5cb94b067e4602f869eec765fd8a8d3 | Which brain conditions can cause photophobia? | A few brain conditions can cause photophobia, including: Meningitis (swelling of the protective coverings of your brain and spinal cord) Serious brain injury Supranuclear palsy (a brain disorder that causes problems with balance, walking, and eye movement) Tumors in your pituitary gland Some eye diseases cause this symptom, including: Dry eye Uveitis (swelling of the inside of your eye) Keratitis (swelling of your cornea, the clear layer that covers the colored part of your eye) Iritis (swelling of the colored ring around your pupil) Cataracts (cloudy coverings over the lenses of your eyes) Corneal abrasion (a scratch on your cornea) Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear tissue that sits over the white part of your eye) Damage to your retina, the light-sensitive layer in the back of your eye Blepharospasm (a condition that makes your eyelids close uncontrollably) Photophobia may also affect some people who have these mental health conditions: Agoraphobia (a fear of being in public places) Anxiety Bipolar disorder Depression Panic disorder You can also get photophobia after you have LASIK or other surgery to fix vision problems. |
d4fb37e8e028702722927b5d8abfb038 | What should you do if you think you have photophobia? | If you think you have photophobia, see your eye doctor. She'll ask about your symptoms and any medical conditions you have. Then she'll check the health of your eyes and possibly your brain. |
be13d9b64cbcb13ddf882aeccf57b9c8 | How can caregiver support services help you deal with caregiver burnout? | These groups can provide resources and information about respite care and support groups. |
913d41328e716724b345d2005481a891 | Can capsaicin help with treating diabetic nerve pain? | It's thought to control a chemical called substance P, which helps send pain signals through your nerves. It can help in the short term, but there are concerns about long-term use. That's because these same nerves play a role in wound healing, a process that's already a problem if you have diabetes. |
e08056e1e67355f61060b7ed588e3e44 | How is a heart attack diagnosed? | To diagnose a heart attack, an emergency care team will ask you about your symptoms and begin to evaluate you. The diagnosis of the heart attack is based on your symptoms and test results. The goal of treatment is to treat you quickly and limit heart muscle damage. |
a15c84069f871f3b1486854ec8f8b845 | What drugs are used during a heart attack? | Drugs used during a heart attack may include: Aspirin to prevent blood clotting that may worsen the heart attack Other antiplatelets, such as Brilinta, Effient, or Plavix, to prevent blood clotting Thrombolytic therapy ("clot busters") to dissolve any blood clots in the heart's arteries Any combination of the above Other drugs, given during or after a heart attack, lessen your heart's work, improve the functioning of the heart, widen or dilate your blood vessels, decrease your pain, and guard against any life-threatening heart rhythms. |
adf5f7bfe6bd2bc162990b28074ffdae | How is a cardiac catheterization used to diagnose a heart attack? | Cardiac catheterization, also called cardiac cath, may be used during the first hours of a heart attack if medications are not relieving the ischemia or symptoms. The cardiac cath can be used to directly visualize the blocked artery and help your doctor determine which procedure is needed to treat the blockage. |
d68d905f74901f2f94e939c8ea15f8c1 | How does the wound heal after a heart attack? | Healing of the heart muscle begins soon after a heart attack and takes about eight weeks. Just like a skin wound, the heart's wound heals and a scar will form in the damaged area. But, the new scar tissue does not contract. So, the heart's pumping ability is lessened after a heart attack. The amount of lost pumping ability depends on the size and location of the scar. |
abfc75def5f5e6f13d6bc52dfd707217 | What are the goals of drug therapy for a heart attack? | The goals of drug therapy are to break up or prevent blood clots, prevent platelets from gathering and sticking to the plaque, stabilize the plaque, and prevent further ischemia. These medications must be given as soon as possible (within one to two hours from the start of your heart attack) to decrease the amount of heart damage. The longer the delay in starting these drugs, the more damage can occur and the less benefit they can provide. |
e4910d8fbf1e011fda44cf624a56faaa | When should you see a healthcare provider about bleeding under your nail (subungual hematoma)? | A nearby joint was also injured. More than a quarter of the nail is discolored or there is continuing, intense pain. Signs of infection develop, such as pus, redness, or heat around the nail, or a red streak extends from the wound. If less than a quarter of the nail is discolored and pain is manageable, home treatment may be enough. |
825307ceed6f5aa07021d2f25c92ea1b | Which drugs treat hypersomnia? | These may include: Stimulants, such as methylphenidate ( Ritalin) or modafinil ( Provigil) Antidepressants, such as fluoxetine ( Prozac), citalopram ( Celexa), paroxetine ( Paxil), sertraline ( Zoloft) Sodium oxybate ( Xyrem) is used to treat excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy |
6c886b769a1ecf4c6e1fe8ce442472f1 | What should I do if I feel dizzy? | If you feel dizzy, sit or lie down at once. This will lower your chance of falling down. If you have vertigo, it may help to lie down in a dark, quiet place with your eyes closed. |
0fd8830c57d8cc598f7df9baecb143c4 | What can I feel during a spell of dizziness? | During a spell of dizziness, you may feel as though you're spinning or moving when you're not (that's called vertigo). You may also feel: Lightheaded or faint Unsteady on your feet Woozy, as though your head is heavy or floating Learn more about what to do when you're in the middle of a dizzy spell, when to call a doctor, and what might cause it. |
426e5209d53db6accb2200fa76a7225f | What are other causes of dizziness? | Some other causes of dizziness include: Medicines, such as antidepressants, anti-seizure drugs, tranquilizers and sedatives. If you take medication for high blood pressure, it might lower your blood pressure too much, leaving you feeling faint. Anxiety disorders. These include panic attacks. Low iron levels in your blood. This is also called anemia. Other signs that you are anemic include fatigue, pale skin and weakness. Low blood sugar. This is also called hypoglycemia. This may be a problem if you are diabetic and use insulin. Other symptoms include sweating and anxiety. |
c32b9f7bcd3ab0b526eaf035e08e8fb0 | Can drinking water help my dizziness? | Drinking water may also give you fast relief, especially if you're dizzy because you're dehydrated. |
603fd8b0a99da9edf27bb04daaf2ae10 | If I feel dizzy, what can I do to keep myself safe? | If you've had a series of dizzy spells, there are things you can do to make yourself safer. Here are some of them: Remove tripping hazards in your home, such as rugs on the floor, so that you're less likely to fall. Avoid alcohol, caffeine and tobacco, which can make symptoms worse. Drink enough fluids and get plenty of sleep. Be aware of things that trigger your dizziness, such as lights, noise, and fast movement, and try to be around them less or move more slowly. |
7fd1759e0305827f08724b276b05c634 | What should I do if I feel dizzy and have other symptoms? | You should seek help at once if you're dizzy and also have: Chest pain or shortness of breath Severe headache Sudden change in your vision or hearing, or trouble speaking Numbness or weakness A head injury High fever Stiffness in your neck Keeping you upright and balanced is not an easy job for the brain. |
1d67c441110b59e9b5a46df1e6ef48b9 | Is feeling dizzy a serious problem? | Dizziness is a common problem and usually isn't serious. |
7bd0ea6d58962e6cce8e9513394e2af3 | What drug-free methods may help with side effects of cancer treatment? | It may ease anxiety, pain, stress, and even nausea. Guided imagery : You'll think about a thing or a place that makes you happy. |
994be4dd54e6c036e8da75e1e0887733 | What natural remedies may help with cancer treatment? | Your doctor can tell you if these are safe -- and smart -- for you to take these: Ginger can help you manage nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy. |
37ea16e129f3b96574c62edbc8b69157 | What is acupuncture and can it help with cancer treatment? | This form of traditional Chinese medicine involves putting very thin needles into your skin to improve your body's energy flow. Some Westerners believe the needles stimulate your body's natural pain-killing chemicals. Acupuncture is most often used for pain, but it may also lessen other symptoms associated with cancer treatment, like: Nausea and vomiting Dry mouth Anxiety and hot flashes If you want to try it, let your doctor know. |
8780fb8f0fd1f59133c950b1ada08338 | Should I take vitamins during cancer treatment? | Even though vitamins claim to improve health, many cancer doctors (oncologists) say you should avoid most of them while you're in treatment. St. John's wort, often used for depression, can cause some anticancer drugs to not work as well as they should. Antioxidant pills like vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, and beta-carotene can interfere with how well chemotherapy and radiation work. |
4397e5cdbb8940aaabd5cd77604e548f | What should I ask my doctor before taking natural remedies with cancer treatment? | Your doctor can help you avoid pills or practices that may not be good for you. Follow these tips to start the conversation: Ask about nondrug ways to ease side effects. If she says that something you want to try can cause problems with your cancer treatment, ask for other options. Make a complete list of all supplements you take -- even multivitamins. Ask the doctor if any of them could have a bad effect on your treatment. Ask her to help you spot products or practices that don't live up to their claims. |
a2afdcbdb6b4a7b6fa12070927bbce00 | How can eczema or psoriasis cause itchy ears? | You can usually treat these problems with ear drops. In severe cases, you may also need to take steroid pills. |
c50a284ca7c4bcd9b9da3ece509fc3ff | How can skin allergies cause itchy ears? | The skin inside your ears can itch because of an allergic reaction. A beauty product like hair spray or shampoo could be the culprit. So can products that have nickel, like earrings. Plastic, rubber, or metal you put inside your ears, like earbuds or a hearing aid, can also cause a rash called contact dermatitis. To get relief, you'll need to figure out what you're allergic to and stop using it. Until then, your doctor may prescribe a steroid cream to stop your urge to scratch. |
44f2bf2d171a00cade8c7cff96583ec5 | How can food allergies cause itchy ears? | If you have hay fever or a pollen allergy, your ears may itch when you eat certain fruits, vegetables, or tree nuts. Known as oral allergy syndrome, you may notice this most during allergy season. The prickly feeling in your ears should stop as soon as you swallow the food or take it out of your mouth. In most cases, you don't need treatment. Still, speak to your doctor. She may test you to see how severe your allergy is. People with extreme food allergies may need to carry an epinephrine auto-injector. |
60f9f1249b498fbd3e136f5b494c973f | What are side effects of steroid shots for sacroiliac (SI) joint pain? | Steroid shots in the SI joint usually start working in 3 to 7 days. Most people feel a lot better and can move around much easier after they get one. You might have some side effects, such as: Anxiety High blood sugar if you have diabetes For women, changes in your period Warm, red skin, called flushing Trouble sleeping Bloating Side effects usually go away in a few days. |
48931fbf9e6acdb2966726bec5b68f4d | How can medication help with treating sacroiliac (SI) joint pain? | Medication There are two reasons to use medication for sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The first is to bring down the swelling and irritation, called inflammation, in your joint. The second is to control pain. Take your medication the way your doctor tells you to, even if you start to feel better. If you stop taking it too soon, the inflammation might stick around and keep your joint from healing. That means the pain may come back. |
a237bdc56d6621752eb58229a36b81e0 | How can physical therapy help with treating sacroiliac (SI) joint pain? | Physical Therapy As medication eases pain and calms an inflamed SI joint, physical therapy can help the area become more flexible. A therapist can teach you exercises that will build strength and make your SI joint more mobile. You'll also learn ways to move that will hurt less. |
814d46040f9b3902b2614ec7c3171d25 | When should you call your doctor about erectile dysfunction (ED)? | At the very least, your doctor can clear up misinformation, which often makes sexual problems worse. Sometimes taking medication for a short time can get you through a rough patch, too. Also talk to the doctor if it's painful to get an erection or difficult because your penis is curved (a condition called Peyronie's disease). If the problem doesn't go away, it could be an early warning sign of a more serious, larger condition. For example, the penile artery can get narrower because of coronary artery disease or diabetes. |
ce65f68fdd5abf43edd8582564301651 | How can you tell if you have erectile dysfunction? | Can't get or keep an erection so you can have sex? |
172fe1ad237b5c292a7a0f34a99d96c6 | What are symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)? | If you have a urinary tract infection ( UTI), you may have: Pain or burning when you pee Pain in your lower belly, over the bladder (above your pubic bone) An urge to pee right away and often Only being able to pee out small amounts of urine at a time Low back pain Your urine may be: Cloudy Bloody Bad smelling Men can get UTIs, too. |
62764cdb01d2d38c262f824de01cc917 | What might your urine be like if you have a urinary tract infection (UTI)? | If you have a urinary tract infection ( UTI), you may have: Pain or burning when you pee Pain in your lower belly, over the bladder (above your pubic bone) An urge to pee right away and often Only being able to pee out small amounts of urine at a time Low back pain Your urine may be: Cloudy Bloody Bad smelling Men can get UTIs, too. |
a066a5ef13db4181d998add9cf249853 | What causes anemia in people with diabetes? | Diabetes often leads to kidney damage, and failing kidneys can cause anemia. Healthy kidneys know when your body needs new red blood cells. They release a hormone called erythropoietin ( EPO), which signals your bone marrow to make more. Damaged kidneys don't send out enough EPO to keep up with your needs. Often, people don't realize they have kidney disease until it's very far along. But if you test positive for anemia, it can be an early sign of a problem with your kidneys. |
b08ecc41fa3e520f7e422fa3c0c4097b | What are signs that I have anemia? | When your brain and other organs don't get enough oxygen, you feel tired and weak. Other signs you may have anemia include: Shortness of breath Dizziness Headache Pale skin Chest pain Cold hands and feet Low body temperature Rapid heartbeat A complete blood count gives your doctor a good picture of what's going on in your blood. |
da83b8019e69354cda2dd7ed163e4755 | Can kidney dialysis cause anemia? | If you have kidney dialysis, you may have blood loss, and that can also cause anemia. |
8aa34c4b79d1198717e3697ba40c3b62 | What are the symptoms of anemia? | When your brain and other organs don't get enough oxygen, you feel tired and weak. Other signs you may have anemia include: Shortness of breath Dizziness Headache Pale skin Chest pain Cold hands and feet Low body temperature Rapid heartbeat A complete blood count gives your doctor a good picture of what's going on in your blood. |
bf3336427943ba890cfa05a0a9b6a452 | How do doctors test for anemia? | Other signs you may have anemia include: Shortness of breath Dizziness Headache Pale skin Chest pain Cold hands and feet Low body temperature Rapid heartbeat A complete blood count gives your doctor a good picture of what's going on in your blood. It counts your red and white blood cells and platelets, and it checks whether the red blood cells are a normal size. It also checks the levels of hemoglobin in your blood and your blood volume. If your hemoglobin levels are low, you may be anemic. The normal ranges are 14 to 17.5 for men and 12.3 to 15.3 for women. If you have a lower percentage of red blood cells in your blood, you may be anemic. |
829d087cf6d12ebad3b1b6e0dd588ba3 | How is anemia because of high blood pressure and high blood sugar treated? | High blood pressure and high blood sugar cause the kidney damage that brings on anemia. If your doctor has prescribed you medication for either high blood pressure or high blood sugar, it's important that you take it. A good diet and regular exercise also help. |
fe9d1af4a55d504c90edd9f97d27ccf9 | How is anemia because of a lack of erythropoietin treated? | If your kidneys don't make enough EPO -- the hormone that boosts the level of red blood cells you make -- your treatment may be a synthetic version of the hormone. You'll get an injection every week or two, or you'll have it during dialysis. It raises hemoglobin for most people, but it may also increase your chances of a heart attack or stroke. Your doctor needs to watch you closely while you're on it If your anemia is severe, you may need a blood transfusion. |
76971a5dc3c7d885bb730fdee88ff8e6 | What can affect the absorption of iron if I'm anemic? | Good sources of iron include: Iron-fortified breads and cereals Beans and lentils Oysters Liver Green leafy vegetables, especially spinach Tofu Red meat Fish Dried fruit, like prunes, raisins and apricots Your body absorbs iron better if you have it along with food that contains vitamin C, like fruits and vegetables. Coffee, tea, and calcium can make you absorb less of it. High blood pressure and high blood sugar cause the kidney damage that brings on anemia. If your doctor has prescribed you medication for either high blood pressure or high blood sugar, it's important that you take it. A good diet and regular exercise also help. |
3ec9d7d5a47980bae6cadacbb432411d | How is anemia treated? | Your doctor may test you for: Iron deficiency Kidney failure Vitamin deficiency Internal bleeding Bone marrow health If you're anemic because your iron levels are low, it may help to eat iron-rich foods and take supplements. For people on kidney dialysis, it's best to get iron injected directly into a vein. If your kidneys don't make enough EPO -- the hormone that boosts the level of red blood cells you make -- your treatment may be a synthetic version of the hormone. You'll get an injection every week or two, or you'll have it during dialysis. It raises hemoglobin for most people, but it may also increase your chances of a heart attack or stroke. Your doctor needs to watch you closely while you're on it If your anemia is severe, you may need a blood transfusion. |
7c80a466454cbbf9424cdacde17ba236 | How does anemia affect the kidneys in diabetes patients? | Often, people don't realize they have kidney disease until it's very far along. But if you test positive for anemia, it can be an early sign of a problem with your kidneys. People with diabetes are more likely to have inflamed blood vessels. This can keep bone marrow from getting the signal they need to make more red blood cells. |
02455f9dc8a195eb4448c748be9c8a2f | How can some medications affect the blood of diabetics? | And some medications used to treat diabetes can drop your levels of the protein hemoglobin, which you need to carry oxygen through your blood. These drugs include ACE inhibitors, fibrates, metformin, and thiazolidinediones. If you take one of these, talk to your doctor about your risk for anemia. If you have kidney dialysis, you may have blood loss, and that can also cause anemia. |
015685420315ecb6ecf102f3c3743910 | What should you eat and drink when you have the flu? | It's very important to drink a lot of fluids to keep the body hydrated. This helps loosen mucus. Limit drinks like coffee, tea, and colas with caffeine. They rob your system of fluids. As for eating, follow your appetite. If you're not really hungry, try eating simple foods like white rice or broth. |
15a37d097a198c474597bf6a3b03d2de | Should I get antibiotics for the flu? | Antibiotics will not help treat the flu or a cold. Antibiotics kill bacteria, but they do not kill any viruses, including viruses that cause the flu or colds. However, the flu can weaken the immune system and open the door for bacterial infections. If your flu starts to get better and then gets worse, you may have a bacterial infection. See a doctor right away. Antibiotic treatment may be necessary. |
f6ac738fd692edb9ff1e9e8dd9dc23a4 | Which over-the-counter medicines can help with the flu? | Decongestants can help you breathe by shrinking swollen mucous membranes in the nose. But talk to your doctor first if you have high blood pressure or heart disease. Saline nasal sprays can also help open breathing passages. Cough preparations, along with water and fruit juices, can help soothe a cough. If you use a multi-symptom cold medicine, choose the drug that matches your symptoms. And don't take two cold medicines with the same ingredients. |
37fe5946a103e4793483226a8c8b77a9 | When should I see my doctor if I have the flu? | If your symptoms are severe or aren't getting better after a week or if you are over 65 or have fever for more than 3 days, see a doctor. Also call a doctor right away if you have any chronic medical conditions and are exposed to the flu or develop any of the symptoms. Moreover, if an infant or young child has a fever or develops symptoms of the flu, get medical help. These symptoms are signs that flu may have developed into something serious like pneumonia. See a doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms: Difficulty breathing Persistent fever Vomiting or inability to keep fluids down Painful swallowing Persistent coughing Persistent congestion Persistent headache Because the flu virus can infect the lungs and it can cause a serious infection like pneumonia. |
3278734a43ac8887a8c0641cfe5ce4b8 | How long should you stay home for the flu? | Stay at home while you have the flu, and for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone without the use of fever-reducing medicine. Once your fever is gone for a day, you're no longer contagious and can return to work or school. Also, you will recover more quickly if you get some rest. |
ab9dcb2b21c1e80ed7ee473f6b57256a | What's the best treatment for the flu? | There's no single "best" treatment for flu, but there are many ways you can ease symptoms. Prescription flu drugs can shorten the time you feel sick if taken when symptoms first appear. They work best when taken within 48 hours of symptoms, but they may also prevent severe disease if taken more than 48 hours after the first symptoms. Over-the-counter cold and flu drugs can offer some relief from fever, aches, stuffy nose, and cough. They don't "cure" the flu, but may help keep you more comfortable. |
16eebd219c2972a9aba33475119a07be | How do prescription medications for the flu work? | The prescription drugs baloxavir marboxil ( Xofluza), oseltamivir ( Tamiflu), zanamivir ( Relenza), and peramivir ( Rapivab) were developed to cut short a bout with flu. They help shorten recovery time by one or two days. The drugs work best when taken within 48 hours of the first symptoms. However, clinical studies show the drugs still offer benefits when treatment starts more than 48 hours after symptoms begin. Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) and zanamivir ( Relenza) can also be taken to help prevent the flu if you're been exposed to the virus. |
ec440315c35d209b8df0b3be3343f1c5 | Why are people so concerned about the flu? | See a doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms: Difficulty breathing Persistent fever Vomiting or inability to keep fluids down Painful swallowing Persistent coughing Persistent congestion Persistent headache Because the flu virus can infect the lungs and it can cause a serious infection like pneumonia. And that's what worries people. If the flu develops into pneumonia, it may require hospitalization and can even lead to death. People with weak immune systems -- the elderly, pregnant women, infants, and people with chronic health problems -- are at highest risk of flu complications such as pneumonia. Others at high risk for complications include Native American and Alaskan Natives. |
8454f28f6ce5c25122b74ed136c4d4f5 | How do cold symptoms typically progress? | Primary symptoms of flu are fever, fatigue, body aches, chills, headache, sore throat, and cough. The cough is a bronchial tube irritation and is usually not productive -- you're not coughing up gunk. The flu is usually at its worst for three to four days. The cough may linger longer. Recovery may take seven to 10 days. You may have lingering fatigue for several weeks. |
35856451c275f2b38c116acf2db2787d | What is the purpose of a colostomy? | When the colon, rectum, or anus is unable to function normally because of disease or injury, or needs to rest from normal function, the body must have another way to eliminate the waste. A colostomy is an opening -- called a stoma -- that connects the colon to the surface of the abdomen. This provides a new path for waste material and gas to leave the body. A colostomy can be permanent or temporary. |
4e8213ff92b11bd690d3266dd9cff119 | What are some warnings that can come with a colostomy? | In some cases of colostomy, skin irritation or infection can result from stool that leaks under the bag. A hernia can develop around a colostomy, and the bowel may become narrow. Taking good care of your stoma and eating a balanced diet can help you avoid these problems. |
1e1fe0dcbfdfdd67e6cb3103013ba13a | What is a colostomy? | It also absorbs any remaining nutrients. The solid waste material is then passed through the colon to the rectum. From there, it is eliminated from the body through the anus. When the colon, rectum, or anus is unable to function normally because of disease or injury, or needs to rest from normal function, the body must have another way to eliminate the waste. A colostomy is an opening -- called a stoma -- that connects the colon to the surface of the abdomen. |
470ed00b92d31d2ca446798faae3e1e7 | How will a colostomy change someone's life? | While still in the hospital after your surgery, you will be educated about the care of your colostomy and given some tips for making the necessary adjustments. Living with a colostomy will require a modification of your lifestyle. But with proper education and guidance, it can be manageable. Hopefully the following tips will help you adjust. And, keep in mind there are colostomy societies and support groups available to offer assistance. Monitor your medications. Some medicines can cause constipation or diarrhea. Eat a well-balanced diet. Avoid foods that cause excessive gas, such as cabbage, beans, and some nuts. A dietitian can help you choose a balanced diet that will help you avoid constipation and diarrhea and not interfere with your colostomy. Live your life. Having a colostomy is not the end of life as you know it. Modern colostomy supplies are designed to lie flat and are not noticeable under clothing. Most colostomy patients are able to return to work and to many of the activities -- including sex -- they enjoyed before surgery. Consider colostomy irrigation. Some people find that a process called colostomy irrigation, which uses an enema through the stoma, clears the colon for the day and a bag may not be necessary. Talk to your doctor to find out if you are a candidate. Be sure to talk with your doctor or the nurse about resuming your normal activities and about any concerns you have about living with your colostomy. |
c82fce69fb68134edc287523146e20c6 | How can surgery help with treating refractory epilepsy? | If you still have seizures after trying two or three anti-epilepsy drugs, your doctor might recommend brain surgery. It can help a lot if your epilepsy only affects one side of your brain. Doctors call that refractory partial epilepsy. |
ff6f23142f3caef9fdaf9e7b57e2c80b | What questions will your doctor ask to diagnose refractory epilepsy? | When you have a seizure, you may also: Black out Lose control of your bowels or bladder Stare into space Fall down suddenly Get stiff muscles Bite your tongue Your doctor has several ways to diagnose refractory epilepsy. They may ask you questions such as: How often do you have seizures? Do you ever skip doses of your medicine? Does epilepsy run in your family? Do you still have seizures after taking medicine? |
ce6940ab3c064e36a9c8816fc2de638b | Can a ketogenic diet help with treating refractory epilepsy? | The ketogenic diet helps some people with epilepsy. It's a high-fat, low-protein, low-carb diet. You have to start it in a specific way and follow it strictly, so you need a doctor's supervision. Your doctor will watch closely to see whether or when you can lower any of your medication levels. Because the diet is so specific, you may need to take vitamin or mineral supplements. Doctors aren't sure why the ketogenic diet works, but some studies show that children with epilepsy who stay on the diet have a better chance of reducing their seizures or their medications. |
265806a9c00b0fed76b3cebb6e43402d | Does caffeine increase the risk of osteoporosis, heart disease, and cancer? | Here are the facts: Osteoporosis and caffeine. At high levels (more than 744 milligrams/day), caffeine may increase calcium and magnesium loss in urine. But recent studies suggest it does not increase your risk for bone loss, especially if you get enough calcium. You can offset the calcium lost from drinking one cup of coffee by adding just two tablespoons of milk. However, research does show links between caffeine and hip fracture risk in older adults. Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of caffeine on calcium metabolism. If you're an older woman, discuss with your health care provider whether you should limit your daily caffeine intake to 300 milligrams or less. Cardiovascular disease and caffeine. A slight, temporary rise in heart rate and blood pressure is common in those who are sensitive to caffeine. But several large studies do not link caffeine to higher cholesterol, irregular heartbeats, or an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. If you already have high blood pressure or heart problems, though, have a discussion with your doctor about your caffeine intake. You may be more sensitive to its effects. Also, more research is needed to tell whether caffeine increases the risk for stroke in people with high blood pressure. Cancer and caffeine. Reviews of 13 studies involving 20,000 people revealed no relationship between cancer and caffeine. In fact, caffeine may even have a protective effect against certain cancers. |
0c5fe28352351d5bb635538fee0c4c2e | Is caffeine harmful for women trying to get pregnant? | Many studies show no links between low amounts of caffeine (a cup of coffee per day) and any of the following: trouble conceiving miscarriage birth defects premature birth low birth rate At the same time, for pregnant women or those attempting pregnancy, the March of Dimes suggests fewer than 200 milligrams of caffeine per day. This is equal to one large cup of coffee per day. This recommendation comes because, in limited studies, women consuming higher amounts of caffeine had an increased risk for miscarriage. |
53d508be09c01f3e268b9e04f3059f1c | Does caffeine have a dehydrating effect? | However, the fluid you consume in caffeinated beverages tends to offset the effects of fluid loss when you urinate. The bottom line is that although caffeine does act as a mild diuretic, studies show drinking caffeinated drinks in moderation doesn't actually cause dehydration. |
3d590da9968aed26cdb59a59864c9c9f | What happens if you suddenly stop taking caffeine? | If you stop taking caffeine abruptly, you may have symptoms for a day or more, especially if you consume two or more cups of coffee a day. Symptoms of withdrawal from caffeine include: headache fatigue anxiety irritability depressed mood difficulty concentrating No doubt, caffeine withdrawal can make for a few bad days. |
10257ef86127e4358e2426752ea27563 | Can caffeine can help you sober up? | Actually, research suggests that people only think caffeine helps them sober up. For example, people who drink caffeine along with alcohol think they're OK behind the wheel. But the truth is reaction time and judgment are still impaired. |
344eae5c811c16ef397e48a4d5654efc | Does caffeine harm children? | Some kids are sensitive to caffeine, developing temporary anxiety or irritability, with a "crash" afterwards. Also, most caffeine that kids drink is in sodas, energy drinks, or sweetened teas, all of which have high sugar content. These empty calories put kids at higher risk for obesity. Even if the caffeine itself isn't harmful, caffeinated drinks are generally not good for kids. |
4f35b0690c16e41f7340785c118f2a8b | Is caffeine addictive? | Caffeine is a stimulant to the central nervous system, and regular use of caffeine does cause mild physical dependence. But caffeine doesn't threaten your physical, social, or economic health the way addictive drugs do. |
0acd0f1471c5673cf209c2fd6fcc0d2c | Does caffeine cause insomnia? | But it also gets rid of it quickly. Processed mainly through the liver, caffeine has a relatively short half-life. This means it takes about five to seven hours, on average, to eliminate half of it from your body. After eight to 10 hours, 75% of the caffeine is gone. For most people, a cup of coffee or two in the morning won't interfere with sleep at night. Consuming caffeine later in the day, however, can interfere with sleep. If you're like most people, your sleep won't be affected if you don't consume caffeine at least six hours before going to bed. Your sensitivity may vary, though, depending on your metabolism and the amount of caffeine you regularly consume. People who are more sensitive may not only experience insomnia but also have caffeine side effects of nervousness and gastrointestinal upset. |
396b76017f2c2c58c20995f27754dfb0 | What might cause sleepwalking? | You might also have the disorder if you're: Sleep deprived On a chaotic sleep schedule Stressed Drunk Taking drugs such as sedative-hypnotics (which promote relaxation or sleep), neuroleptics (used to treat psychosis), stimulants (which boost activity), and antihistamines (used to treat symptoms of allergy) Medical conditions that have been linked to sleepwalking include: Heart rhythm problems Fever Heartburn Nighttime asthma Nighttime seizures Obstructive sleep apnea (a condition in which you briefly stop breathing during sleep) Restless leg syndrome Psychiatric disorders, for example, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, or dissociative states, such as multiple personality disorder |
52dd18f6b377ebefdcd3d18c854dbd43 | What is sleepwalking and when does it happen? | The sleepwalker can't respond during the event and usually doesn't remember it. In some cases, he may talk and not make sense. Sleepwalking mostly happens in childhood, typically between the ages of 4 and 8. But adults can do it, too. When someone sleepwalks, they might quietly walk around their room. |
c1ae67b4e907dcc1d33f71fcd770c653 | What illnesses happen with depression? | It's common for people to have other medical or mental health problems along with depression, such as anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, phobias, substance use disorders, and eating disorders. If you or a loved one has symptoms of depression or another mental illness, talk to your doctor. Treatments can help. |
70ac75e5cd360d0e3b9d58fcd4b0b3b5 | Is childhood depression common? | Childhood depression is different from the normal "blues" and everyday emotions most kids feel. If your child is sad, it doesn't necessarily mean he has depression. It's when the sadness stays with him day after day that depression may be an issue. Or, if your child has disruptive behavior that interferes with normal social activities, interests, schoolwork, or family life, that may also be signs of a problem. |
0d604e552caa9280ad19b720d6419ea3 | How do you know if you have depression? | According to the DSM-5, a manual doctors use to diagnose mental disorders, you have depression when you have five or more of these symptoms for at least 2 weeks: A depressed mood during most of the day, especially in the morning You feel tired or have a lack of energy almost every day. You feel worthless or guilty almost every day. You have a hard time focusing, remembering details, and making decisions. You can't sleep or you sleep too much almost every day. You have almost no interest or pleasure in many activities nearly every day. You think often about death or suicide (not just a fear of death). You feel restless or slowed down. You've lost or gained weight. You may also: Feel irritable and restless Lose pleasure in life Overeat or stop feeling hungry Have aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that don't go away or get better with treatment Have sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings While these symptoms are common, not everyone with depression will have the same ones. |
8ae737a5d1c47f5735394c2a7adc0dfb | Are there different types of depression? | There are a few types of depressive disorders that doctors can diagnose, including: Unipolar major depression Persistent depressive disorder, also called dysthymia, when depression lasts for at least 2 years Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, when children and teens get extremely irritable, angry, and often have intense outbursts that are more severe than a child's typical reaction Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, when a woman has severe mood problems before her period, more intense than typical premenstrual syndrome ( PMS) Substance-induced mood disorder ( SIMD), when symptoms happen while you're taking a drug or drinking alcohol or after you stop Depressive disorder due to another medical condition Other depressive disorders, such as minor depression Your depression may have other specific features, such as: Anxious distress. |
48e2d98d772d6b928bff73189d0c5e44 | What is depression? | It's a normal reaction to loss or life's struggles. But when intense sadness -- including feeling helpless, hopeless, and worthless -- lasts for many days to weeks and keeps you from living your life, it may be something more than sadness. You could have clinical depression -- a treatable medical condition. According to the DSM-5, a manual doctors use to diagnose mental disorders, you have depression when you have five or more of these symptoms for at least 2 weeks: A depressed mood during most of the day, especially in the morning You feel tired or have a lack of energy almost every day. |
0d269af8ef287c39235db5e6d20eb9e7 | Do symptoms of depression vary? | You may also: Feel irritable and restless Lose pleasure in life Overeat or stop feeling hungry Have aches or pains, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems that don't go away or get better with treatment Have sad, anxious, or "empty" feelings While these symptoms are common, not everyone with depression will have the same ones. How severe they are, how often they happen, and how long they last can vary. Your symptoms may also happen in patterns. For example, depression may come with a change in seasons (a condition formerly called seasonal affective disorder). |
9536fea34d2ad997f68c59b41863b563 | What are the warning signs of suicide from depression? | Anybody who thinks or talks about harming themselves should be taken very seriously. Do not hesitate to call your local suicide hotline right away. Call 800- SUICIDE (800-784-2433); 800-273- TALK (800-273-8255); or, for the hotline for the hearing impaired, call 800-799-4889. Or contact a mental health professional ASAP. If you intend or have a plan to commit suicide, go to the emergency room right away. Warning signs include: Thoughts or talk of death or suicide Thoughts or talk of self-harm or harm to others Aggressive behavior or impulsiveness Watch for these signs if your child or teen starts taking antidepressants. In some cases, people under 25 may have more suicidal thoughts in the first weeks of taking these medicines or when they take a different dose. |
a4a956bb5cef0daab747d27969fa7f85 | Where can I get help for depression? | If you or someone you know has symptoms of the condition, talk to your doctor. He can evaluate you and offer you treatment or refer you to a mental health professional. |
1956051038788f26bc800e38291e39ad | When should you go to your doctor about vision problems? | A good rule of thumb: Go to the doctor if you have any unusual: Redness Irritation Pain Discharge Vision changes |
032973a0b897a41dbc99c258a2d0d21e | When should you call your doctor about vision problems? | Call the doctor about vision problems if you: Have symptoms of retinal detachment such as floaters or flashes of light in your vision. You need immediate treatment to save vision in that eye. Feel like a dark curtain covers part of your side vision. Call right away to rule out other serious causes of this problem, like stroke. Become unusually sensitive to bright light. You may have inflammation inside your eye (iritis/uveitis). Have a foreign object in your eye that won't come out with water. If you don't treat it, you could scar your eye or get an infection. Have discomfort when you wear contacts or have pain that won't go away even after you take the contact out. You may have a scratch, inflamed cornea (the doctor will call this keratitis), or a corneal ulcer. Get an eye injury that affects your vision. You might have internal bleeding or a fracture of the bone around your eye. This is a medical emergency. |
dacde0147d0cd3d3496f6a95842a1a64 | What are the symptoms of strabismus? | Symptoms include: Hazy vision that might be worse in bright light Weaker vision at night, particularly when driving; trouble seeing movement, details, or objects (especially street signs) Blinding or uncomfortable glare from automobile headlights or bright sunlight A need for brighter light for reading Colors look faded or yellow Double or triple vision (images overlap) in one eye only A normally dark pupil looks milky white or opaque (advanced cases) Painful inflammation and pressure within the eye (very advanced case) Strabismus: Your eyes don't move together as they should. Both eyes or just one could be crossed inward or outward. A child who has it may rub one or both eyes often. She could also squint, tilt her head, or close one eye to see things better. |
11125118b054e037a46e8eda33f567b8 | What are the symptoms of macular degeneration? | Macular degeneration : Dim or wavy vision, especially when you read. Straight lines often look crooked. Gradual, painless loss of precise central vision. Blank spots in your central field of vision. |
2b562d537f30b353f7868f451100c115 | What are the symptoms of acute glaucoma? | Acute glaucoma: A sudden onset of severe throbbing eye pain, headaches, blurred vision, rainbow halos around lights, red eyes, nausea, and vomiting. It's a medical emergency. |
11cfdd04bc65ccc8e04918398e7aedd6 | When should I go to the doctor for vision problems? | A good rule of thumb: Go to the doctor if you have any unusual: Redness Irritation Pain Discharge Vision changes |
dc8d4d0d64f5110492859e457ee36cab | What are the symptoms of night blindness? | Night blindness : It's hard to see objects in dim light. |
752fa102c39f9e01747d2ac8ca53c15b | When should I call the doctor about vision problems? | Call the doctor about vision problems if you: Have symptoms of retinal detachment such as floaters or flashes of light in your vision. You need immediate treatment to save vision in that eye. Feel like a dark curtain covers part of your side vision. Call right away to rule out other serious causes of this problem, like stroke. Become unusually sensitive to bright light. You may have inflammation inside your eye (iritis/uveitis). Have a foreign object in your eye that won't come out with water. If you don't treat it, you could scar your eye or get an infection. Have discomfort when you wear contacts or have pain that won't go away even after you take the contact out. You may have a scratch, inflamed cornea (the doctor will call this keratitis), or a corneal ulcer. Get an eye injury that affects your vision. You might have internal bleeding or a fracture of the bone around your eye. This is a medical emergency. |
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