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88c916281dd93744cc1a8488befeef8f
|
How does working out with a friend help with rheumatoid arthritis?
|
A workout in a group or with friends can help you stay motivated when your get-up-and-go wants to go on strike. A class can help you make some new friends who understand what you're going through.
|
55425770158033f58e80a053b9c1d211
|
How does someone with rheumatoid arthritis get motivated to exercise?
|
These tips can lead to success: Start slowly. Set a goal: Maybe you want to lose a few pounds, get in better shape for a trip, or walk a 5 K. Set small targets that will get you to your larger goal. Chart your progress. Reward yourself when you meet each milestone.
|
f2f99f77250f1a1f2227d126c5690591
|
Should I be consistent with my exercise if I have rheumatoid arthritis?
|
It's important to be consistent. Build up to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise a day, five times a week. You can break it down into three 10-minute sessions a day if that's easier.
|
8706e3dc4674547e5cbb48a8d1827981
|
How long does Achilles surgery take?
|
Achilles surgery takes only about 30 minutes to an hour, and you'll go home the same day. The surgeons will put you in a cast that extends from below the knee to your toes. It'll keep your foot in a pointed position.
|
a78c4a923d17906fbe4c4046cec50299
|
What are treatments for Achilles tendon injury?
|
If you haven't torn your Achilles, you probably won't need surgery. If the damage is minor, you might be able to rest, apply ice, wear a boot for a while, and have a few physical therapy appointments. If your tendon is ruptured, your doctor will consider your age, activity level, and how bad the damage is when deciding about surgery. The younger and more active you are, the more likely that surgery will be the answer.
|
af1fd7aba42ebecd33b8b61c1ce3465b
|
What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
|
In the other types, the muscular left ventricle becomes very thick. High blood pressure may cause your left ventricle to enlarge (a type known as hypertrophy). The thickening (which doctors call hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) can also be inherited.
|
626afe045bfda4309601fa48ac58f80d
|
How does an echocardiogram help diagnose an enlarged heart?
|
An ultrasound of your heart -- you may hear it called an echocardiogram -- is the best way to diagnose it. There's no pain or risk from it. It measures the heart's: Size Muscle thickness Pumping function In some cases, it can help your doctor figure out what's causing your enlarged heart.
|
96087a2de2411a4cbe45e7ede27eb3ca
|
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
|
Dilated cardiomyopathy is the main type of enlarged heart. The walls of both sides (also known as ventricles) become thin and stretched. This enlarges your heart.
|
3ed0d915018f74eb76caaa32bb3b4205
|
What is progressive rheumatoid arthritis like?
|
If it's getting worse, there are good treatment options to slow it down.
|
31464b6702b13ab04298f0bfbfba2fa8
|
What are the signs of progressive rheumatoid arthritis?
|
There's no easy way, but some general signs include: Flares that are intense or last a long time Diagnosis at a young age, which means the disease has more time to become active in your body Rheumatoid nodules -- bumps under your skin, often around your elbows Active inflammation that shows up in tests of joint fluid or blood Damage on X-rays when you were diagnosed High levels of rheumatoid factor or citrulline antibody in blood tests Early and more aggressive treatment raise your chances of remission.
|
a3fab9d4c373a4ec7eaff5f3bb354b2a
|
What is a long remission of rheumatoid arthritis?
|
When you're in one of these periods, your pain and stiffness go away or get much better, but you aren't cured. In a few people with RA -- about 5% to 10% -- the disease starts suddenly, and then they have no symptoms for many years, even decades.
|
247135da6d3bdbab528b025278816830
|
When should I see my rheumatologist for rheumatoid arthritis?
|
Your RA doctor can check to see how your disease has changed. If it's getting worse, there are good treatment options to slow it down.
|
348c9f8ec27671f472e9cebe2a16341f
|
How can I tell which kind of rheumatoid arthritis I have?
|
There's no easy way, but some general signs include: Flares that are intense or last a long time Diagnosis at a young age, which means the disease has more time to become active in your body Rheumatoid nodules -- bumps under your skin, often around your elbows Active inflammation that shows up in tests of joint fluid or blood Damage on X-rays when you were diagnosed High levels of rheumatoid factor or citrulline antibody in blood tests Early and more aggressive treatment raise your chances of remission.
|
aa30146d6dbf4602ebd2b6d4dd6fe731
|
How does hypermobility joint syndrome affect adults?
|
The syndrome rarely leads to arthritis later in life. But some people with the condition may get shoulder or kneecap problems if they often dislocate those joints or if their cartilage gets worn down. People who have the syndrome as adults are more likely to get osteoarthritis (âwear and tear" arthritis) as they age. A few people still have muscle pain from hypermobility as they become adults. They are more likely than others to have sprains, injuries, dislocations, occasional swelling, backaches, and discomfort after exercise.
|
334c6ec8ec2129de01e1f1e0a6a58d82
|
How do you diagnose hypermobility joint syndrome?
|
Doctors use several specific mobility tests, including: The wrist and thumb can be moved downward so the thumb touches the forearm. The little fingers can be extended back beyond 90 degrees. When standing, the knees are abnormally bowed backward when viewed from the side. When fully extended, the arms bend further than normal (beyond straight). When bending at the waist, with the knees straight, the child or adult can put their palms flat on the floor. Since the symptoms of hypermobility can sometimes mimic arthritis, you may need to get lab tests to make sure your child doesn't have a more serious disorder (such as juvenile arthritis or other inflammatory conditions). In rare cases, you may need to get X-rays.
|
517ef09443cbd517f47d33a796038de5
|
What can you do for hypermobility joint syndrome?
|
It's a good idea to strengthen the muscles around loose joints. For some people, doctors recommend splints, braces, or taping to protect affected joints during activity. Joint protection. These tips will help your child avoid overstretching their hypermobile joints: Don't sit cross-legged with both knees bent (" Indian style"). Bend the knees slightly when standing. Wear shoes with good arch supports. Stop any unusual joint movements that hypermobile children often use to entertain their friends.
|
d94470808beb6e940a60597f3fa5f437
|
How can I reassure my children as I recover from a bout of depression?
|
If you have children, they may have been frightened and confused when you were depressed. Now is the time to explain what happened. Discuss it in terms that they can understand. Explain that you were sick but that you're getting help and feeling better.
|
28fb60f59dd6369d21b8699c9474d00c
|
How can I reconnect to my loved ones after a bout of depression?
|
During your depression, you may have isolated yourself. Sometimes when people are depressed they just stay at home alone and stop picking up the phone. But now that you're feeling better, it's important to reconnect to your friends and family. Don't let your relationships fade away -- the support of your loved ones is crucial to staying well. If you're nervous, start slowly. Just call a friend and ask to meet for a quick visit, maybe for a cup of coffee. Or get together for a walk. You may find that talking about what you've been through will help you feel better while you are recovering.
|
6db9612c44d53f30a9a71369bff5630e
|
How can setting boundaries help relationships work after a bout of depression?
|
After you've been depressed, the people around you are likely to be worried that you'll become depressed again. Their concern is understandable. But it's important to set limits -- so they aren't monitoring your every move. For instance, if your family becomes alarmed every single time you get angry or upset, you're going to get frustrated. Explain that while you appreciate their concern, you need them to give you some space. In return, they might want assurance that you will reach out if you really do need their help.
|
bb0c13591289f65937ee965ce467c268
|
How can your loved ones help you cope as you recover from a bout of depression?
|
Readjusting to your life can be tricky. So ask your loved ones for help. While you may worry about being a burden, the fact is that your friends and family may actually want to help -- but they may just not know what to do. Help doesn't just mean only emotional support. You might need a hand with practical chores like shopping or watching the kids.
|
9b9e5dd529d8288ae141ca4ec76d3068
|
Does a headache mean you have brain cancer?
|
Seek emergency medical help right away if you have any of the following symptoms: Unexplained, persistent vomiting Double vision or unexplained blurring of vision, especially on only one side Lethargy or increased sleepiness New seizures New pattern or type of headaches Although headaches are thought to be a common symptom of brain cancer, they may not occur until late in the progression of the disease. If any significant change in your headache pattern occurs, your health care provider may suggest that you go the hospital.
|
46e5d238dab509cf35d1a47f64fd2a0e
|
How can steroid treatment lead to moon facies?
|
Although millions of Americans take these types of medications, many others may be affected by moon facies but not know its cause. In fact, weight gain with fat redistribution such as moon facies is one of the most common signs of steroid use. Your risk of developing these signs depends on the dose of medication and how long you take it. With steroid use, an increase in appetite and food intake may contribute to weight gain. Symptoms usually occur as the result of long-term use of oral steroids. But less commonly, injected or inhaled steroids may cause Cushing's signs and symptoms, too. The best way to reduce the impact of symptoms is to reduce the dose of medication or discontinue it altogether, but you should never do this on your own. If you need to continue using it, your doctor will have you try the lowest effective dose. For example, taking the medication every other day can sometimes lessen Cushingoid changes. If this does not resolve moon facies and other symptoms, your doctor may suggest trying other types of therapies.
|
7eed0187597ec559cdf2e5b3b0b591dd
|
What are the symptoms of moon facies?
|
The sides of your face may become so round from the buildup of fat that the ears can't be seen from the front of your face. Fat deposits in the sides of the skull can also make the face look rounder.
|
c94b454d31e565f682360efc0f094723
|
How do preteens and teen benefit from getting vaccinated against hepatitis B?
|
Hepatitis B can spread among teens through drug abuse and sexual activity. A two-dose and three-dose version of the vaccine is available for kids ages 11 to 15. Why does your child need this vaccination? This virus can be life-threatening or lead to long-term liver disease.
|
a33b5da14e98170ce16dcd3e98e5506e
|
How do preteens and teen benefit from Tdap vaccine?
|
Tdap protects children from tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). Doctors usually give kids this vaccine when they're age 11-12 if they've already had the DTP/ DTa P vaccination series, and never got a Td booster.
|
0253e45d522ce1936dcee5439ddc2b67
|
Can my preteen or teen get the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR)?
|
If your child wasn't vaccinated earlier, he should get this vaccine. Two doses of MMR can be given at any age, with at least 4 weeks between the doses.
|
ec4d41b3e0cda694e1a4e2bd27e36652
|
Is a persistent cough a sign that you may need a change in your heart failure treatment?
|
Persistent cough An ongoing wheeze or cough that brings up white or slightly blood-colored mucus can be another symptom of fluid building up in your lungs. Call the doctor if you notice it.
|
f5b76eb1732e05b25ade150cea9adf50
|
Why shouldn't you ignore flu symptoms when you're sick?
|
You usually don’t need to see a doctor for a run-of-the-mill cold. But call her if you have signs of the flu, such as a high fever, body aches, and fatigue. She can give you an antiviral drug such as oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) or zanamivir ( Relenza). If you take one in the first 48 hours that you’re sick, you can ease your symptoms and shorten your illness by 1 or 2 days.
|
cc1e13f305d4ddcdf6c2e6a15d437003
|
Why shouldn't you smoke when you're sick?
|
Smoking damages your lungs and irritates your throat. That can make your cold symptoms worse. So ditch the cigarettes and steer clear of secondhand smoke.
|
8efb5a179a8f55f27b419c7d81072bde
|
Why shouldn't you skip meals and snacks when you're sick?
|
You might not have much of an appetite, but it’s important to eat something. Calories and nutrients will fuel the immune cells that attack cold and flu viruses. The result: You may get better faster. Try eating a bowl of chicken soup. Research shows that this classic may actually relieve some of those symptoms.
|
05e4c463f3d544abdd18ce9fd9070972
|
Why is getting stressed bad when you're sick?
|
A hormone your body makes when you’re stressed is hard on the immune system. It also increases inflammation, which can make your stuffy nose even worse. Make an effort to focus on relaxing and recovering, and you may be back on your feet sooner.
|
3417dc7eca149a9042f878607ef16bee
|
How is periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) diagnosed?
|
A sleep partner may observe PLMD, which often affects the partner before the person knows of his or her behavior. In other cases, the diagnosis is made with the use of an overnight polysomnogram (a test that records bodily functions during sleep). This test is often used to assess the cause of daytime sleepiness or recurrent awakenings from sleep. Blood work may be done in order to test iron status, folic acid, vitamin B12, thyroid function, and magnesium levels.
|
bbaf1dd3772c16135b46de4478cd68e0
|
What should I avoid if I have periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
|
The use of caffeine often intensifies PLMD symptoms. Caffeine-containing products such as chocolate, coffee, tea, and soft drinks should be avoided.
|
44bb563aa8d50af40c5bc8498db07754
|
What causes periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
|
The causes of PLMD are unknown. However recent research has shown that people with a variety of medical problems, including Parkinson's disease and narcolepsy, may have frequent periodic limb movements in sleep. Iron deficiency seems to be the most commonly recognized cause of PLMD and its cousin, Restless Legs Syndrome.
|
e247e55125a90c83db8166c510aae6fa
|
What are symptoms of periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD)?
|
Symptoms of PLMD are usually leg movements with the extension of the big toe in combination with a partial flexing of the ankle, knee, or hip. Movement of the legs is more typical than movement of the arms. It can often cause a partial or full brief awakening, resulting in fragmented sleep. Patients are frequently unaware of these movements.
|
322488848b499fe474533b8f17f2d491
|
How is periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) treated?
|
Generally, there are several classes of drugs that are used to treat PLMD. These include drugs closely related to those that treat Parkinson's disease, anticonvulsant medications, benzodiazepines, and narcotics. Current treatment recommendations consider the anti- Parkinson's type medications as a first line of defense. Medical treatment of PLMD often significantly reduces or eliminates the symptoms of these disorders.
|
6f5850583a1717f2eb8469091be14d23
|
How much weight will you lose after weight loss surgery?
|
Weight Loss Ask your doctor how much weight you can expect to lose. The type of weight loss surgery makes a difference. Surgeries that affect digestion, such as gastric bypass, tend to result in faster and greater weight loss than adjustable banding procedures. Many people find that their weight loss ebbs and flows over months, dropping, then leveling off, and then dropping again. Depending on the procedure, you might keep losing weight for up to 2 or 3 years after surgery.
|
ef98207bb9843915b1f00986df3c7d5d
|
Should you exercise more after weight loss surgery?
|
A More Active Life Keeping the weight off takes work, and becoming more active is key. If you're not active now, take it easy when you get started, and gradually make it more challenging. Talk to your doctor about easy ways to begin. You may also benefit from working with a physical therapist or trainer.
|
8452ed2037f4bcefe071902763d81396
|
How might weight loss surgery help your health?
|
Health Benefits After gastric bypass or certain other types of weight loss surgery, the health benefits often happen right away. For instance, your diabetes might improve dramatically. The same might be true of high blood pressure, arthritis, sleep apnea, high cholesterol, and other conditions. Improved health after adjustable banding procedures may be more gradual.
|
7224b9c271b3a369aa2694c88db3cb29
|
How will your self-image change after weight loss surgery?
|
Your Self- Image It may take a while to get used to the new you and to adjust to the changes in your lifestyle. You might also realize how much you relied on food for comfort in the past, something that's just not possible after surgery. That's normal. Consider talking to a therapist about it. You can also ask your doctor if there are support groups in the area for people who have had weight loss surgery. Meeting people who are going through the same changes helps a lot.
|
4ff542f126439363b8f9d8cc9a0c3890
|
How might your relationships change after weight loss surgery?
|
Your Relationships When you lose a lot of weight, it can affect your relationships. For instance, if you usually socialize while eating and drinking, you may need to think of new ways of meeting up with family and friends that aren't so focused on food.
|
e30444ffef3024ee6b69189b392cb571
|
How will weight loss surgery affect your nutrition intake?
|
Nutrition Because you're eating less, you need to focus on choosing the most nutritious foods. Some weight loss surgeries, including gastric bypass, also make it harder for your body to absorb nutrients. Talk to your doctor or a dietitian for advice on what sorts of foods to eat after weight loss surgery and whether you should take supplements.
|
44ec5cfe82591b5f0847268aebce0407
|
How will your appearance change after weight loss surgery?
|
Your Appearance Many people are thrilled to see the changes in how they look as they start losing after weight loss surgery. There are some downsides, too. As your body shrinks, you may find that your skin doesn't shrink as much. It may start to look loose and baggy. Some people choose to have plastic surgery to remove this extra skin.
|
4ee3f0397b889395f334c918553a57ad
|
How can chronic migraines affect you?
|
Because of that, chronic migraines can take a toll on your personal life. If you get painful headaches for half of each month, you lose days of work or school and precious time with friends and family. It's common for people with chronic migraines to also have depression.
|
5ad489700163e867c6c5cff0a066d91d
|
What causes migraines and chronic migraines?
|
Doctors are learning more about what brings on these headaches, which often run in families. Some are the result of a changes in your brain chemicals. Abnormal brain activity is also involved. Every person who has migraines has different triggers, but common ones include a lack of sleep, caffeine, and being under stress. Most people who get chronic migraines are women. This may be because hormone changes are another well-known cause. These shifts happen around your monthly period, as well as during pregnancy and through menopause. Birth control can also play a role.
|
0d9bd4ab874325e6a042e50f720f21ac
|
Is vaginal bleeding after sex normal if you're postmenopausal?
|
If you're postmenopausal, any bleeding after sex isn't normal. See your doctor to rule out cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and other issues.
|
19a8c9d35ba777a0b68cc31d395aa781
|
Is vaginal bleeding after sex normal if you're pregnant?
|
Vaginal bleeding after sex can be scary if you're pregnant, but it's probably not a cause for concern. Your cervix may bleed more easily during pregnancy because extra blood vessels are developing in the area.
|
f7ec8a827d3f4194981f5b01d9c090a3
|
Why does vaginal bleeding after sex happen?
|
One of those causes is cervical inflammation, or cervicitis. It can be ongoing and totally harmless, or it can happen because of a sexually transmitted infection that you need to get treated, like chlamydia or gonorrhea. Both types of cervical inflammation can cause bleeding after sex. A second common reason for bleeding after sex are cervical polyps. They are growths that are usually small -- about 1 to 2 centimeters -- that often appear on the cervix where it connects to the vagina. Most aren't cancerous, and a doctor can remove them during an appointment. Other causes of vaginal bleeding after sex include: Friction during sex or not enough lubrication Normal uterine bleeding if you're just beginning your period or if it's just ended A cervical or vaginal infection Genital sores caused by herpes or another condition A precancerous cervical spot Cervical ectropion (when the inner lining of the cervix pokes through the cervical opening and grows on the vaginal side of the cervix) Pelvic organ prolapse (when pelvic organs, like the bladder or uterus, jut beyond the vaginal walls) Cancer of the cervix, vagina, or uterus While many of these causes don't need treatment and are harmless, sometimes vaginal bleeding after sex can be a sign of a more serious problem.
|
a4d3d555faa5b4a8c54384737d5cb5c0
|
Will vaginal bleeding after sex stop on its own?
|
It might. A recent study found that just over half of women who had bleeding after sex reported that it cleared up on its own within 2 years.
|
2b22d2d899aa9a77e08d15d31f662307
|
How can I prevent vaginal bleeding after sex?
|
You can rule out the most innocent causes of bleeding after sex, like friction during intercourse or not enough lubrication, by simply using a lubricant before and during sex. You can also wait a bit longer after your period ends to start having sex again, if it seems like regular uterine bleeding at the tail end of menstruation is the culprit. Removing cervical polyps or treating cervical infections should also clear up post-sex bleeding, if either was the cause.
|
0a12004aaf519284732f97d43a29e2ad
|
What should you know about vaginal bleeding after sex?
|
While vaginal bleeding after sex can be alarming, it's also fairly common -- affecting up to 9% of menstruating women -- and probably no cause for concern. But it can also be caused by an infection, and in rare cases, it's a sign of cervical cancer.
|
ffe23dc0de81e602a1a817cb5ee3f6d5
|
What are other causes of vaginal bleeding after sex?
|
Other causes of vaginal bleeding after sex include: Friction during sex or not enough lubrication Normal uterine bleeding if you're just beginning your period or if it's just ended A cervical or vaginal infection Genital sores caused by herpes or another condition A precancerous cervical spot Cervical ectropion (when the inner lining of the cervix pokes through the cervical opening and grows on the vaginal side of the cervix) Pelvic organ prolapse (when pelvic organs, like the bladder or uterus, jut beyond the vaginal walls) Cancer of the cervix, vagina, or uterus While many of these causes don't need treatment and are harmless, sometimes vaginal bleeding after sex can be a sign of a more serious problem.
|
efd440981a901cb6333a07382e827aec
|
How can you tell if vaginal bleeding after sex is serious?
|
If you have some minor bleeding occasionally after sex, chances are that everything is fine. But the only way to know for sure is to see your doctor for a physical exam. If the bleeding happens right before you get your period or within a few days after it ends and it doesn't happen again, you can hold off on making that appointment. You can also probably hold off if you recently had a pelvic exam and Pap smear and got a clean bill of health. In all other cases -- or if you're just worried -- it's best to get checked out to rule out infection or anything more serious.
|
a4960706a8c80073d43fed7dc3defe52
|
What happens if your doctor finds something abnormal after testing vaginal bleeding after sex?
|
If your Pap test reveals any abnormalities on your cervix at the time of your exam, you'll probably get a colposcopy. It starts out like a Pap test, but takes a bit longer, and the doctor will use a special magnifying device called a colposcope to get a closer look at the cervix. If your doctor sees anything suspicious, she can take a small sample of tissue for testing. If bleeding after sex is an ongoing thing, your doctor may recommend a colposcopy even if your Pap test results are normal, to get a better look at your cervix. If you're postmenopausal, your doctor might do a transvaginal ultrasound to get a closer look at the pelvic organs or an endometrial biopsy to look for abnormal cells in the endometrial tissue that lines your uterus.
|
732986850afada1d18daff23e0d88974
|
Whatâs a pediatric dentist/pedodontist, and how can one help with oral health care?
|
A pediatric dentist is the oral health care provider who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of the dental problems of children from the age of one or two to early adulthood. This dentist can detect, treat, or refer (as needed) problems with decayed, missing, crowded, or crooked teeth. A pediatric dentist has at least two additional years of training beyond dental school.
|
669bb2aa61bbb3030e0f9f24158f258d
|
Whatâs a prosthodontist, and how can one help with my oral health care?
|
A prosthodontist is the oral health care provider who specializes in the repair of natural teeth and/or the replacement of missing teeth on a much larger scale than the general dentist. The prosthodontist uses artificial teeth (dentures) or crowns (caps) to replace the missing or extracted teeth. The prosthodontist is also very involved in the replacement of teeth using dental implants. In addition, specially trained prosthodontists work with patients with head and neck deformities, replacing missing parts of the face and jaws with artificial substitutes.
|
8d77082df19fb382f4aff64bc2b31843
|
Whatâs an endodontist, and how can one help with my oral health care?
|
An endodontist is the dental specialist concerned with the causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and injuries of the human dental pulp or the nerve of the tooth. This specialist may perform simple to difficult root canal treatments or other types of surgical root procedures.
|
4c847eeb9ebc677c233af5318adc50ad
|
Whatâs a periodontist, and how can one help with my oral health care?
|
A periodontist is the oral health care provider who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases of the soft tissues of the mouth (the gums) and the supporting structures (bones) of the teeth (both natural and man-made teeth). This dentist diagnoses and treats gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) as well as periodontitis (gum and bone disease). A periodontist may perform the following procedures: simple and deep pocket cleanings, root planing, crown lengthening procedures, soft tissue and/or bone grafting, gingival or flap procedures, soft tissue recontouring or removal (gingivoplasty or gingivectomy), hard tissue recontouring (osteoplasty), and implant placement.
|
9f88831c41f863dce350638a9b07c8ca
|
What is the cure for epilepsy?
|
Experts point out that there is no cure for epilepsy and that treating seizures is about controlling them. They also point out that, in children, seizures that are controlled with medication will often go away on their own.
|
8663d06deac9c14effd74d9d535692a0
|
What are symptoms of a severe allergic reaction to a stingray sting?
|
Difficulty breathing Tightness in throat Itching Nausea Fast pulse Dizziness Loss of consciousness See Severe Allergic Reaction Treatment.
|
c87e67062d9b0d48efb9c59d96a5f3f2
|
Who is a candidate for islet cell transplantation?
|
Typically, candidates for islet cell transplantation are between the ages of 18 and 65, have had type 1 diabetes for more than 5 years, and are experiencing diabetes-related complications, such as frequent periods of unconsciousness due to lack of insulin and early signs of kidney problems that could lead to kidney failure. As with all medical procedures, the benefits and risks must be weighed carefully.
|
a2e9b58ff7d92f621d0f34815d9129e2
|
What does islet cell transplantation entail?
|
In islet cell transplantation, beta cells are removed from a donor's pancreas and transferred into a person with diabetes. Beta cells are one type of cell found in the islets of the pancreas and produce insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. Once transplanted, the donor islets begin to make and release insulin.
|
35088b6cabf063dfc83da9c36d5b0915
|
Can islet cell transplantation be done at any hospital?
|
Because it is still considered an experimental therapy, islet cell transplantation for diabetes is not widely available. There are currently 17 U. S. centers participating in islet cell research programs. The American Diabetes Association recommends that pancreas or islet cell transplantation be performed only in certain major centers, which are best equipped to handle the complex and long-term medical and personal needs of transplant patients.
|
1926cb8fbfc51468b18b4205e6047e27
|
What are the benefits of islet cell transplantation for people with diabetes?
|
Successful islet cell transplantation can provide the following benefits: Restore or improve the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels. The need for frequent blood sugar measurements and daily insulin injections can be reduced, and in a minority of patients, eliminated three years after transplantation. Although being free from insulin injections may only last several months or a year, islet cell transplantation reduces episodes of low blood sugar for a longer time. Improve the quality of life. Reduce the progression of long-term complications of diabetes, including heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, and nerve and eye damage.
|
4b8402db985677cef9439fc144f04cf0
|
What is the future of islet cell transplantation research?
|
There are two main areas of focus in islet cell transplantation research: Collecting enough islet cells to do the transplant: Obtaining enough islet cells for transplantation is a major challenge. In most cases, islet cells from several different donors are needed. Because the need surpasses the number of human donors available, researchers are studying the use of cells from other sources, including fetal tissue and animals such as pigs. Researchers are also attempting to grow human islet cells in the laboratory. Preventing rejection: Researchers are continuously seeking to develop new and better anti-rejection drugs. Many advances have been made in anti-rejection drugs over the past 15 years. Newer drugs -- such as tacrolimus ( FK506) and rapamycin -- have fewer and less harmful side effects than some older drugs like cyclosporine and prednisone. Researchers are also working to develop methods of transplanting islet cells that will reduce or eliminate the risk of rejection and the need for immunosuppression. One approach involves coating the islet cells with a special gel that prevents the immune system from recognizing and targeting the donor cells.
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f372e471911c21f1f2813a82ae9d4bd5
|
How is gum recession treated?
|
Antibiotics also may be given to get rid of any remaining harmful bacteria. If your gum recession cannot be treated with deep cleaning because of excess loss of bone and pockets that are too deep, gum surgery may be required to repair the damage caused by gum recession. The following surgical procedures are used to treat gum recession: Open flap scaling and root planing: During this procedure, the dentist or periodontist (gum doctor) folds back the affected gum tissue, removes the harmful bacteria from the pockets, and then snugly secures the gum tissue in place over the tooth root, thus eliminating the pockets or reducing their size.
|
87ee93bd3a2137cfcaa67d35db6144ac
|
How is a soft tissue graft procedure done to gum recession?
|
Soft tissue graft: There are several types of gum tissue graft procedures, but the most commonly used one is called a connective tissue graft. In this procedure, a flap of skin is cut at the roof of your mouth (palate) and tissue from under the flap, called subepithelial connective tissue, is removed and then stitched to the gum tissue surrounding the exposed root. After the connective tissue -- the graft -- has been removed from under the flap, the flap is stitched back down. During another type of graft, called free gingival graft, tissue is taken directly from the roof of the mouth instead of under the skin. Sometimes, if you have enough gum tissue surrounding the affected teeth, the dentist is able to graft gum from near the tooth and not remove tissue from the palate. This is called a pedicle graft.
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8e73c502a9604db07cf87dff80c714e2
|
What should you know if I think I have receding gums?
|
Gum recession is not something you want to ignore. If you think your gums are receding, make an appointment with your dentist. There are treatments that can repair the gum and prevent further damage.
|
eab5b97c3735a2c56d79ba0629a822ac
|
How do I know which procedure works best for receding gums?
|
Your dentist can determine the best type of procedure to use on you based on your individual needs.
|
cc68cb230abd5a4d44643554a7b2c7a3
|
How do my genes play a role in gum recession?
|
Some people may be more susceptible to gum disease. In fact, studies show that 30% of the population may be predisposed to gum disease, regardless of how well they care for their teeth.
|
ce9fa488b9db03c2d3aa830579f2b3d9
|
How is regeneration done to treat gum recession?
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Regeneration: If the bone supporting your teeth has been destroyed as a result of gum recession, a procedure to regenerate lost bone and tissue may be recommended. As in pocket depth reduction, your dentist will fold back the gum tissue and remove the bacteria. A regenerative material, such as a membrane, graft tissue, or tissue-stimulating protein, will then be applied to encourage your body to naturally regenerate bone and tissue in that area. After the regenerative material is put in place, the gum tissue is secured over the root of the tooth or teeth.
|
435eba482bfd03f41e5f916efbc303a8
|
How do hormonal changes lead to gum recession?
|
During the deep cleaning -- also called tooth scaling and root planing -- plaque and tartar that has built up on the teeth and root surfaces below the gum line is carefully removed and the exposed root area is smoothed to make it more difficult for bacteria to attach itself.
|
476f14f8c141985881c30f50edf07b23
|
What are the signs of gum recession?
|
Gum recession is a common dental problem. Most people don't know they have gum recession because it occurs gradually. The first sign of gum recession is usually tooth sensitivity, or you may notice a tooth looks longer than normal. Typically, a notch can be felt near the gum line.
|
f6e8f9b95fe77a2b428ca0542a610c9a
|
How does grinding and clenching my teeth lead to gum recession?
|
Clenching or grinding your teeth can put too much force on the teeth, causing gums to recede.
|
9e21f2d681979333ddb6b65c0ed36a06
|
How is open flap scaling and root planing done to treat gum recession?
|
The following surgical procedures are used to treat gum recession: Open flap scaling and root planing: During this procedure, the dentist or periodontist (gum doctor) folds back the affected gum tissue, removes the harmful bacteria from the pockets, and then snugly secures the gum tissue in place over the tooth root, thus eliminating the pockets or reducing their size.
|
faff993be1e5ba0f459e08f521cb234c
|
What do we know about the African plum tree for prostate conditions?
|
In Europe, extract from the African plum tree bark is extensively used. It's been reported to reduce symptoms associated with BPH such as having to get up frequently at night to urinate or frequent urination during the day. Use of this herb for health reasons is so widespread around the world that the African plum tree is now endangered. African plum tree bark extract may help men deal with the discomfort of BPH. But it has not been proven to reduce the size of an enlarged prostate. Side effects noted with use of African plum tree bark include nausea and stomach upset.
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96073ece681cef8cbba680ac6dfa69c4
|
What does the hepatitis C virus cause?
|
It's caused by the hepatitis C virus. About 3.9 million people in the U. S. have the disease. But it causes few symptoms, so most of them don't know.
|
f06c343952c06e413fe31a8d5454a4c1
|
What are the forms of the hepatitis C virus?
|
There are many forms of the hepatitis C virus, or HCV. The most common in the U. S. is type 1. None is more serious than any other, but they respond differently to treatment.
|
8ca54fe94783d70e1565878b56993a9d
|
Who should get tested for hepatitis C?
|
You can be exposed to the virus from: Sharing injection drugs and needles Having sex, especially if you have an STD, an HIV infection, several partners, or have rough sex Being stuck by infected needles Birth -- a mother can pass it to a child Sharing personal care items like toothbrushes, razor blades, and nail clippers Getting a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment You can't catch hepatitis C through: Breastfeeding (unless nipples are cracked and bleeding) Casual contact Coughing Hugging Holding hands Kissing Mosquito bites Sharing eating utensils Sharing food or drink Sneezing You could notice acute symptoms along with: Fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity (ascites) or the legs (edema) Gallstones Your brain doesn't work as well (encephalopathy) Kidney failure Easy bleeding and bruising Intense itching Muscle loss Problems with memory and concentration Spider-like veins on the skin Vomiting blood due to bleeding in the lower esophagus (esophageal varices) Weight loss The CDC recommends you get tested for the disease if you: Received blood from a donor who had the disease Have ever injected or inhaled drugs Had a blood transfusion or an organ transplant before July 1992 Received a blood product used to treat clotting problems before 1987 Were born between 1945 and 1965, the age group with the highest rate of infection Have been on long-term kidney dialysis Have HIV Were born to a mother with hepatitis C Have symptoms of liver disease Got a tattoo or piercing with unclean equipment Are or have ever been in prison Doctors will start by checking your blood for: Anti- HCV antibodies: These are proteins your body makes when it finds the hep C virus in your blood.
|
69bc2301b2887dd93f7f003de224acec
|
How is hepatitis C diagnosed?
|
If your antibody test is positive, you'll get this test: HCV RNA: It measures the number of viral RNA (genetic material from the hepatitis virus) particles in your blood.
|
5fd4e31a86b24b05ec18e9f400b4c392
|
How does Reiki work?
|
Many types of natural medicine are based on the belief that every person has a "biofield." That's an energy field just outside your body. When something messes with it, you get sick or don't feel well. Reiki, acupuncture, tai chi, and yoga are all centered around the idea of a biofield. They work to restore its balance through pressure, movement, or breathing. Some experts think that when a Reiki practitioner puts her hands on or above your body it can help make a weak biofield stronger. Others believe it makes you feel better by shifting your body from a tense "fight or flight" mode to a more relaxed state.
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5c302a866ca30b69597045a196eb3801
|
What is paresthesia?
|
Chances are, you've had a "pins and needles" feeling in your limbs, fingers, or feet. That prickling, burning, tingling, numb, itching, or "skin crawling" feeling is called paresthesia. While it may seem weird, it's usually painless and harmless.
|
3edd32e3a561b212ac217c1d5419d59a
|
When should you call a doctor about your stoma?
|
Pick up the phone if you notice any of these problems: The skin around the stoma looks red, raw, or it leaks fluid. You have a fever of 101 degrees F or higher. You have nausea, vomiting, pain in your gut, severe constipation, or diarrhea. You're weak, have muscle cramps, or pee less than usual -- these are warning signs of dehydration.
|
7d64c40491aa4d7e291e67e0ba1d0861
|
What lifestyle changed can treat high blood pressure?
|
A critical step in preventing and treating high blood pressure is a healthy lifestyle. You can lower your blood pressure with the following lifestyle changes: Losing weight if you are overweight or obese Quitting smoking Eating a healthy diet, including the DASH diet (eating more fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy products, less saturated and total fat) Reducing the amount of sodium in your diet to less than 1,500 milligrams a day if you have high blood pressure; healthy adults should try to limit their sodium intake to no more 2,300 milligrams a day (about 1 teaspoon of salt).
|
5c26d41219247b04a714781ae22ced3d
|
What aerobic exercises can you do to help relieve rheumatoid arthritis?
|
Walking: Daily walks are an easy way to get into the exercise groove. Start with slow and short strolls if you're new to regular exercise. Then work up to longer, faster walks as you get stronger. Be sure to stretch before you start and after you finish. Drink plenty of water, too. Cycling: A stationary bike takes away your risk of a fall. Again, start slowly if you're a beginner, and go faster as you get better. Swimming: Water workouts are great when you have RA. They take weight off your joints. They also raise your heart rate. Water also acts as resistance against your muscles. That can make you stronger. You can swim laps or join a water aerobics class. Use water weights for some more muscle work.
|
5de1688771b1d44ea7fbae8f9538e87a
|
Does exercise help with rheumatoid arthritis?
|
It can also improve your heart health. That'll make you better equipped to deal with complications that may crop up. Other benefits of regular exercise include: Less pain More stability in your joints More energy Improved physical function and performance Better bone health Improved quality of life To ease joint stiffness and widen your range of motion, you need to stretch your muscles.
|
f7587b80d578bd97556f894b117942a5
|
How can you do stretches to help with rheumatoid arthritis?
|
Leg/hamstring stretch: While standing, lean forward as far as you comfortably can and reach toward your toes. Make sure you bend your knees a little to keep your legs soft. Hold it for 10-20 seconds. Finger/wrist stretch: Bend your fingers forward, then backward, holding each stretch for 10â20 seconds each time. Then do the same with your hand to stretch your wrist muscles. Cross-body arm stretch: Put your arm across the front of your body and gently hold it for 10-20 seconds, then switch to the other arm. Next, reach up to the sky with one arm and then the other, tilting each arm slightly over your head to stretch your shoulders. Neck stretches: Drop your head forward gently, and then roll it slowly toward one shoulder and back toward the other.
|
2cebdb09cb5f6ab058203fd4f4a04373
|
How is stretching helpful for rheumatoid arthritis?
|
Other benefits of regular exercise include: Less pain More stability in your joints More energy Improved physical function and performance Better bone health Improved quality of life To ease joint stiffness and widen your range of motion, you need to stretch your muscles. Morning is a good time for gentle stretching or yoga. It's also a good idea any time before exercise.
|
9c5126937e6c49bac4f4cf7f8b4ff771
|
What strength exercises can you do to help with rheumatoid arthritis?
|
Abdominal contractions: To do this isometric exercise, lie on your back and put your hands on your stomach muscles. Lift your head and hold it. You can continue this exercise by squeezing the muscles that lifted your head without actually picking it up, too. Palm press: This is isometric, too. Hold your hands so they face each other. One hand should have fingertips up and the other should have fingertips down. Press your palms together and hold. Bicep lifts: While you sit in a chair with your arms resting on your thighs palms up, hold light weights in your hands. Then, raise them toward your shoulders, bending at the elbow. Seated knee lift: With a resistance band over your legs in a seated position, raise one leg slowly, then switch sides.
|
10b4cb3ecee4fac4d4467db0f8f1a3e4
|
What are the benefits of exercise for rheumatoid arthritis?
|
Other benefits of regular exercise include: Less pain More stability in your joints More energy Improved physical function and performance Better bone health Improved quality of life To ease joint stiffness and widen your range of motion, you need to stretch your muscles.
|
505346ffc5cc206e9b3e2a6234b62063
|
When should I test my blood sugar if I have diabetes?
|
You may also hear doctors call these âinterstitial glucose measuring devices.â Each person is different. Your doctor will tell you when and how often you should check your levels. If you use insulin more than once a day or use an insulin pump, experts recommend checking your blood sugar at least three times daily.
|
7087a4b1f03ce8bae4f4790c05d45d11
|
Why is testing blood sugar regularly important for people with diabetes?
|
!s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Everyone with diabetes should test their blood sugar (aka blood glucose) levels regularly. Knowing the results lets you adjust your strategy for keeping the disease in check. Regular testing can also help you avoid getting long-term health problems that can stem from the condition. Research shows that in people with either type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes, sticking to your target blood sugar and Hb A1c levels makes complications less likely.
|
e8bcb302ece7b225d4a9d5d7e5ea2b26
|
When should I call my doctor about consistently high or low blood sugar readings?
|
Average Blood Glucose Level (mg/d L) Hb A1c (%) 125 mg/d L 6 154 mg/d L 7 183 mg/d L 8 212 mg/d L 9 240 mg/d L 10 269 mg/d L 11 298 mg/d L 12 Ask your doctor about your target blood sugar range. Also, work together to plan for how to handle blood sugar readings that are either too high or too low and when to call your doctor. Learn about the warning signs of high or low blood sugar, and know what you can do if you begin to have symptoms.
|
9190b694cd8851f23b3bd1bd7112404a
|
What does traditional home glucose monitoring entail for diabetics?
|
Traditional Home Glucose Monitoring You prick your finger with a small, sharp needle called a lancet, put a drop of blood on a test strip, and then place the strip into a meter that displays your blood sugar levels. Meters vary in features, portability, speed, size, cost, and readability (with larger displays or spoken instructions if you have vision problems). Devices deliver results in less than 15 seconds and store this information for future use. Some meters also calculate an average blood sugar level over a span of time. Some also feature software kits that take information from the meter and display graphs and charts of your past test results. Blood sugar meters and strips are available at your local pharmacy.
|
401fcdc89f7d6ad0b53b17f4e60ee6ec
|
Should I keep record of my blood sugar readings if I have diabetes?
|
Keep records of all your test results. Most glucose monitors also have memory for that. Your records can alert you to any problems or trends. Also, these test records help your doctor make any needed changes in your meal plan, medicine, or exercise program. Bring these records with you to every checkup.
|
0d96e8bcef9c9d8a9a65649924c20868
|
What do stents do?
|
In people with coronary heart disease caused by the buildup of plaque, they can: Open narrowed arteries Reduce symptoms, like chest pain Help treat a heart attack These types are called heart stents, but they're also referred to as cardiac stents or coronary stents.
|
e23813600ad64e37494ab0e79e365658
|
What are the different types of stents?
|
Eight years later, the FDA approved the first heart stent for use in the U. S. First-generation stents were made of bare metal. Although they almost eliminated the risk of the artery collapsing, they only modestly reduced the risk of re-narrowing. About a quarter of all coronary arteries treated with bare-metal stents would close up again, usually in about 6 months. So doctors and companies began testing stents coated with drugs that interrupted the re-narrowing. These are called drug-eluting stents. In clinical trials, these reduced re-narrowing cases to less than 10%. They also lowered the need for repeat procedures for people with diabetes, who have a bigger chance of their arteries getting narrow again.
|
287a72fee5d8eb36c51b179ea79dd6e5
|
Do drug-eluting stents have complications?
|
Still, there were concerns that drug-eluting stents were associated with a rare but serious complication called in-stent thrombosis. This is where a blood clot forms in a stent one or more years after it's implanted. Because this complication can be fatal, it's important that people with drug-eluting stents take aspirin and an anticlotting drug as prescribed until a doctor tells them to stop.
|
be4ec2c34457a48dea6be2d683daa860
|
How are stents used in the balloon angioplasty?
|
The stent expands when the balloon is inflated, locks into place, and forms a permanent scaffold to hold the artery open after the balloon is deflated and removed. In 1986, French researchers implanted the first stent into a human coronary artery. Eight years later, the FDA approved the first heart stent for use in the U. S. First-generation stents were made of bare metal.
|
ec44d67816d381fe18a5812c80c416bb
|
What are the different types of life support?
|
If these systems stop working for any reason, you need life support: Lungs: In cases of near-drowning, pneumonia, drug overdose, a blood clot, and severe lung injury or disease, such as COPD and cystic fibrosis, and muscle or nerve diseases such as ALS and muscular dystrophy Heart: Sudden cardiac arrest or heart attack Brain: Stroke or a severe blow to the head When most people talk about a person being on life support, they're usually talking about a ventilator, which is a machine that helps someone breathe. A ventilator (or respirator) keeps oxygen flowing throughout the body by pushing air into the lungs. It's used temporarily for conditions like pneumonia, but it may be needed longer for someone with lung failure. One end of a tube goes into the windpipe through the nose or mouth. The other end attaches to the electric pump. Some people get medicine to make them more comfortable and sleepy while on a breathing machine. When a person's heart stops, doctors will try to restart it. These life support methods include CPR, which keeps blood and oxygen flowing throughout the body, electric shocks (called defibrillation) to get the heart beating again, and medication to help the heart work.
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