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44b349ea0f0bc9976fa47e5791740771
|
What are risk factors for type 2 diabetes other than genetics?
|
Other type 2 diabetes risk factors include the following: High blood pressure High blood triglyceride (fat) levels Gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds High-fat and carbohydrate diet High alcohol intake Sedentary lifestyle Obesity or being overweight Ethnicity: Certain groups, such as African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans, have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than non- Hispanic whites. Aging: Increasing age is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
|
91cb69ae0ad53f2ceca3242e57c842de
|
Is type 2 diabetes genetic?
|
Several genes may be related to type 2 diabetes. If you have any of the following risk factors, it's important to ask your doctor about a diabetes test.
|
329328f86ab1c63513e2c6177f754e93
|
What are the health risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
|
Other type 2 diabetes risk factors include the following: High blood pressure High blood triglyceride (fat) levels Gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds High-fat and carbohydrate diet High alcohol intake Sedentary lifestyle Obesity or being overweight Ethnicity: Certain groups, such as African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans, have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes than non- Hispanic whites. Aging: Increasing age is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes begins to rise significantly at about age 45, and rises considerably after age 65.
|
f8302cb87edaa918221664c7f1bbd195
|
Why does diabetes occur?
|
When you're healthy, the pancreas (an organ behind the stomach) releases insulin to help your body store and use sugar from the food you eat. Diabetes happens when one or more of the following occurs: Your pancreas doesn't make any insulin.
|
3997bc5763382966848291f08899f14e
|
How is diabetes defined?
|
It also tells the body to release less insulin.. People with diabetes either don't make insulin or their body's cells can no longer use their insulin. This leads to high blood sugars. By definition, diabetes is: A blood glucose level of greater than or equal to 126 milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/d L) after an 8-hour fast (not eating anything) A non-fasting glucose level greater than or equal to 200 mg/d L along with symptoms of diabetes A glucose level of greater than or equal to 200 mg/d L on a 2-hour glucose tolerance test A1 C greater than or equal to 6.5%. Unless the person is having obvious symptoms of diabetes or is in a diabetic crisis, the diagnosis must be confirmed with a repeat test.
|
82277dfac0eb8635cc424a8e72cbc800
|
How does genital herpes affect pregnancy?
|
Women with genital herpes are examined carefully for any symptoms before giving birth. If sores or signs that an outbreak is coming show up at the time of delivery, the baby may be delivered by cesarean section (also called a C-section).
|
a855415d264e20f938506482d3cee05b
|
Can I take antiviral drugs for herpes during pregnancy?
|
Women taking antiviral drugs for herpes -- either daily suppressive therapy or occasional therapy for outbreaks -- should consult their doctor about whether to take the drugs during pregnancy. The answer is not set in stone: You and your doctor have to discuss the risks and benefits to decide what's right for you.
|
0a5f1d179a976fd2757031530217b99e
|
How can reshaping your heart valve's leaflets help with treating heart valve disease?
|
Reshape leaflets: If one of the leaflets is floppy, a part of it may be cut out, and then the flap will be sewn back together. This lets the valve close more tightly. This is also called quadrangular resection.
|
3dd260b09ddd5ba06ba571c7369dbaa6
|
How does balloon valvotomy work in treating heart valve disease?
|
Also called balloon valvuloplasty, doctors sometimes recommend it for people who have: Mitral valve stenosis (narrowing of the mitral valve) with symptoms Aortic stenosis (narrowing of the aortic valve), but aren't able to have surgery Pulmonic stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonic valve) In this procedure, a catheter is put into a blood vessel in the groin and guided to the heart. The tip is steered inside the narrowed valve. Once there, a tiny balloon is inflated and deflated several times to widen the opening. Once the cardiologist sees the valve has been made wide enough, the balloon is taken out. During this, the cardiologist may do an echocardiogram (ultrasound of your heart) to get a better look at the valve.
|
9efccca3d5f980351f722e504c518a45
|
Why is minimally invasive heart valve surgery a better option than traditional surgery?
|
It's done through smaller cuts. This type of surgery lowers: Blood loss Trauma How much time you'll spend in the hospital Your surgeon will review your test results first to see if you're a candidate for this procedure.
|
c2ef5ab04f4e45925e74ce76e63efd67
|
What are the disadvantages of a mechanical heart valve?
|
People who get these have to take blood thinner medication for the rest of their life to prevent clots from forming in it. These clots can raise your chance of having a stroke. Also, some people hear a ticking sound. It's the valve leaflets opening and closing.
|
3da1ee28936809df97aa0f30659483a4
|
How can annulus support help with treating heart valve disease?
|
Annulus support: Your doctor may reshape or tighten the ring of tissue that supports your valve (called the valve annulus) if it's too wide. He'll sew a ring structure around it. The ring may be made of tissue or synthetic material.
|
d7402985681bac94c4d62f3efb74b3fd
|
What happens if my heart valve cannot be repaired?
|
If your heart valves cannot be repaired, your doctor will replace them. During the surgery, the damaged valve is removed and a new valve is sewn to the tissue that supported the original.
|
37c57c151bff5d2cb60863b6bfd8945a
|
What are the types of surgery used for heart valve disease?
|
When treatment for heart valve disease includes surgery, it can be traditional or a minimally invasive procedure known as balloon valvuloplasty.
|
696dc79acbaf5a3cbb8095e8d64a5939
|
How can patched leaflets help with treating heart valve disease?
|
Patched leaflets: Your surgeon may use tissue patches to repair any leaflets that have tears or holes.
|
44764887a57d78872d69efd29cd25e7f
|
What is a mechanical heart valve?
|
The new valve can be: Mechanical: It's made totally of mechanical parts that your body will accept. Something called a bi-leaflet valve is used most often. It's two carbon leaflets in a ring covered by polyester knit fabric. Their advantage is they're designed to last many years.
|
052fa1ff946fde9ce9431f84247ed119
|
How is shortness of breath (dyspnea) treated?
|
But your dyspnea treatment will depend on what's causing your shortness of breath. For example, if you have asthma, you may get an inhaler to use when you have a flare.
|
e04701f6aeb785ca7f1e801e1116097f
|
What are symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity that a doctor may look for in a hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD diagnosis?
|
The doctor will also look for at least six of these symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity: Fidgeting or squirming (not being able to sit still) Nonstop talking Trouble sitting still and doing quiet tasks, such as reading Running from place to place; acting like he's driven by a motor Constantly leaving his seat, jumping or climbing on furniture and other inappropriate places Not having patience Blurting out comments at inappropriate times Interrupting conversations or speaking out of turn Trouble waiting for a turn or standing in line Many children who like to run and jump may be high-energy.
|
57b18aab13352122c406ddc8a7956785
|
What forms do stimulant medications come in?
|
These medications include: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) They come in different forms, including: Pills (tablets and chewables) Capsules Liquids Skin patches No stimulant has been proven to work better than others.
|
4e8cb4e5c903350d10c1ccbfb68c0001
|
Does sugar cause hyperactivity in children?
|
But there is no evidence that refined sugar causes ADHD or makes it worse.
|
959694d1417c507b46f854f587e7934a
|
What can I do to prevent serious complications while my child is taking ADHD medicine?
|
Because of these rare risks, it's important to call your doctor right away if you notice any unusual symptoms in your child. While taking these medicines, kids should have the following carefully checked: Height Weight Blood pressure Heart rate Along with medicine, behavior therapy can help with hyperactivity.
|
ec0735ccd264b108aac1a74c98b2d2f9
|
Can any high-energy child be diagnosed with ADHD?
|
But that doesn't mean they are hyperactive. To count as ADHD, symptoms have to be on the extreme side and have to cause problems in the child's life.
|
21c635ba576adca8b7e493cc5933eb1e
|
What antidepressants are used to treat hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?
|
Drugs that affect mood, including bupropion ( Wellbutrin), can sometimes help with ADHD symptoms.
|
4d34547f706ba496a027e0d781ca1f8f
|
Do food additives influence ADHD?
|
There may be a link between ADHD and food additives such as artificial colors and preservatives.
|
a8b9d7f305a44f9ca5f17ed1cb397baf
|
Is combination therapy common for treating hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?
|
Often, a child will need a combination of medicine and other treatments. You may need to work with your doctor to adjust the medicine as your child's symptoms change.
|
3816ca711d5c4ccf8361034b36f316f8
|
What forms do ADHD medications come in?
|
These medications include: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) They come in different forms, including: Pills (tablets and chewables) Capsules Liquids Skin patches No stimulant has been proven to work better than others. Each child responds differently to these medicines.
|
48c608ab252d961e3556eb93d6dbf04c
|
What stimulant drugs are used for hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD?
|
Stimulant drugs. Despite their name, stimulant drugs don't rev up or excite kids with ADHD. They calm them down. These medications include: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) They come in different forms, including: Pills (tablets and chewables) Capsules Liquids Skin patches No stimulant has been proven to work better than others.
|
3eba17d79d29593b0512f50b239ec14c
|
What are some symptoms of ADHD?
|
The doctor will also look for at least six of these symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity: Fidgeting or squirming (not being able to sit still) Nonstop talking Trouble sitting still and doing quiet tasks, such as reading Running from place to place; acting like he's driven by a motor Constantly leaving his seat, jumping or climbing on furniture and other inappropriate places Not having patience Blurting out comments at inappropriate times Interrupting conversations or speaking out of turn Trouble waiting for a turn or standing in line Many children who like to run and jump may be high-energy. But that doesn't mean they are hyperactive. To count as ADHD, symptoms have to be on the extreme side and have to cause problems in the child's life. Also, they have to have been doing this for at least 6 months.
|
959687508a22fa91fd80f36c26176487
|
What are some more serious side effects to stimulant medications?
|
Common ADHD stimulant drug side effects include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Slowed growth Disrupted sleep Irritability Tics Anxiety Stimulant medications have also been linked to more serious side effects, including: Heart problems Psychiatric problems (such as hallucinations or hearing voices) Strattera and antidepressant medications also may cause suicidal thoughts in children and teenagers.
|
4e76e981aae2e57e246fca18b8a775e0
|
What are the more serious side effects of ADHD drugs?
|
Common ADHD stimulant drug side effects include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Slowed growth Disrupted sleep Irritability Tics Anxiety Stimulant medications have also been linked to more serious side effects, including: Heart problems Psychiatric problems (such as hallucinations or hearing voices) Strattera and antidepressant medications also may cause suicidal thoughts in children and teenagers.
|
f3f0b56438998d2801279171eb2b3191
|
What non-stimulant drugs are used to treat hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?
|
Although nonstimulant medicines may not work as well as stimulants, they have fewer side effects.
|
8be07a9a5671bd7a6cdbf9db30e436f3
|
How does behavioral therapy help with hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD?
|
Kids can learn how to create and follow routines. They can also work to improve their social skills. Parents and teachers can use a system of rewards and consequences to reinforce good behaviors.
|
ed33a8a7fa17e05f9f23cc9f5103741b
|
Is there a test to know if my child has hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?
|
No single test can confirm that your child has this type of ADHD. Your doctor will first try to rule out other things that can cause hyperactivity.
|
418e9d0bcf6b463fcc4c3915ca45d850
|
What nonstimulant drugs and antidepressants can help treat ADHD?
|
Nonstimulant drugs. This type of medication includes atomoxetine ( Strattera). Although nonstimulant medicines may not work as well as stimulants, they have fewer side effects. High blood pressure medicines are another choice. These drugs can help control impulsivity and hyperactivity symptoms. Clonidine ( Catapres, Kapvay) Guanfacine ( Intuniv, Tenex ) Antidepressants. Drugs that affect mood, including bupropion ( Wellbutrin), can sometimes help with ADHD symptoms. Often, a child will need a combination of medicine and other treatments. You may need to work with your doctor to adjust the medicine as your child's symptoms change.
|
0c80d3643bd7e716220f4fac49d01936
|
What can influence the risk for ADHD?
|
Other things that may influence ADHD risk include: Cigarette smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy Being born premature Low birth weight Being exposed to lead during early childhood Brain injuries Many parents claim sugar makes their child hyperactive. But there is no evidence that refined sugar causes ADHD or makes it worse. There may be a link between ADHD and food additives such as artificial colors and preservatives.
|
bfa7eca52ed21db0e5c3daeb9a93ccbf
|
What tests can confirm ADHD in children?
|
No single test can confirm that your child has this type of ADHD. Your doctor will first try to rule out other things that can cause hyperactivity. It could be stress or emotional issues. The behavior might simply be appropriate for his age. Sometimes vision problems or learning disabilities can make it hard for a child to sit still.
|
22064ef4ea4bbafdfe38ac63d95b8fbc
|
Is ADHD genetic?
|
The causes of ADHD aren't clear. Scientists say it is due in large part to genes that are passed down from parent to child. But experts aren't sure yet which specific genes make it more likely to get ADHD. A child is more likely to have ADHD if a close family member has it.
|
b55926f8a18173c10274a6e221901d7e
|
Which stimulant medication is most effective for hyperactive-impulsive ADHD?
|
These medications include: Dexmethylphenidate ( Focalin, Focalin XR) Dextroamphetamine/amphetamine ( Adderall, Adderall XR) Lisdexamfetamine ( Vyvanse) Methylphenidate ( Concerta, Quillivant XR, Ritalin) They come in different forms, including: Pills (tablets and chewables) Capsules Liquids Skin patches No stimulant has been proven to work better than others. Each child responds differently to these medicines.
|
b6957c1238580e635a9b41ddb66fa481
|
Other than genetics, what factors may cause ADHD?
|
Other things that may influence ADHD risk include: Cigarette smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy Being born premature Low birth weight Being exposed to lead during early childhood Brain injuries Many parents claim sugar makes their child hyperactive.
|
b7521dc7ce4d84179356f93178e0730d
|
What is inattentive ADHD?
|
They are also easily distracted. A child with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD may not always show many signs of inattention. They may not necessarily have trouble focusing or becoming easily distracted. But many kids have a combination of hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive ADHD (called the "combined type"). They may be always on the go and have trouble focusing.
|
a2a82ba07bbbaf486dc9c3a8c8a6b644
|
What should be checked in children is strattera and antidepressant medications have suicidal side effects?
|
Common ADHD stimulant drug side effects include: Loss of appetite Weight loss Slowed growth Disrupted sleep Irritability Tics Anxiety Stimulant medications have also been linked to more serious side effects, including: Heart problems Psychiatric problems (such as hallucinations or hearing voices) Strattera and antidepressant medications also may cause suicidal thoughts in children and teenagers. Because of these rare risks, it's important to call your doctor right away if you notice any unusual symptoms in your child. While taking these medicines, kids should have the following carefully checked: Height Weight Blood pressure Heart rate Along with medicine, behavior therapy can help with hyperactivity. A psychologist or therapist can help kids with ADHD learn how to spot and control their hyperactive and impulsive behaviors.
|
d6fcd2e293a42306c80143fcf73c94e7
|
What can kids learn to help with their ADHD?
|
Kids can learn how to create and follow routines. They can also work to improve their social skills. Parents and teachers can use a system of rewards and consequences to reinforce good behaviors.
|
28c33f2d214853e9e0515271f5eea3c6
|
How can my doctor tell if I have fibromyalgia?
|
Your doctor may tell you that you fibromyalgia if you: Have a WPI score of 7 or more and SS score of 5 or more Have WPI of 3 to 6 and an SS score of 9 or more Have had symptoms at the same level for at least 3 months Don't have any other condition that can cause these symptoms From there, you'll talk about a plan to manage it. With the right treatment, most people who have it live a normal, active life.
|
b34c826221737c270683ab639ea0c96d
|
What is the symptom severity (SS) scale for fibromyalgia?
|
The symptom severity ( SS) scale measures three key symptoms during the past week: Fatigue Waking up still tired Thinking problems The SS scale ranges from 0 to 3: 0 -- No problems 1 -- Mild: It comes and goes. 2 -- Moderate: You usually have or feel it. 3 -- Severe: It seriously affects your daily life. Your doctor also will ask if you've had about 40 other symptoms that can affect people who have fibromyalgia. These include depression and anxiety, bellyaches, itching, taste changes, numbness, and dizziness. This score ranges from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (a lot of problems). Your doctor will add all the SS numbers together to get a score. It will be between 0 and 12.
|
49aa6485a0b953054115ab0b453228a1
|
What can cause symptoms similar to fibromyalgia?
|
Several conditions cause pain, muscle aches, and fatigue, just like fibromyalgia: Hypothyroidism: Your thyroid gland doesn't make enough of a certain hormone. Rheumatoid arthritis or lupus: Problems with your immune system cause swelling and pain. Osteoarthritis: This is the âwear and tearâ type of arthritis. Ankylosing spondylitis: This is a specific type of arthritis that causes pain and inflammation in your spine. Polymyalgia rheumatica: This disorder causes widespread pain and stiffness that come on quickly. Your doctor will want to rule out any of these other problems. She may take a sample of your blood to check your hormone levels or look for signs of inflammation. You may also get X-rays so she can look at your bones.
|
0a9f26a094a287e1500d306b55755b92
|
How does the widespread pain index (WPI) help diagnose fibromyalgia?
|
If your doctor can't find another reason for your symptoms, she'll use a two-part process to help figure out if you have fibromyalgia. One part involves the trademark widespread pain on both sides of your body and above and below your waist. The other part measures how bad your symptoms are. She'll ask if you've had pain in 19 specific places in the past week, including your arms, legs, back, jaw, and neck. This is called the widespread pain index ( WPI), and scores range from 0 to 19.
|
3cb0f428c494055061589b7abd3fce5c
|
What are the first steps in diagnosing fibromyalgia?
|
But you'll probably want to see a rheumatologist, a doctor who's an expert in problems with joints, muscles, and bones. Your rheumatologist will ask you about your health and family history -- you're more likely to have fibromyalgia if other people in your family have it. She'll give you a physical exam and may check for tender points. People who have fibromyalgia often feel tenderness when pressure is put on certain spots, generally around the back of your head, your neck, shoulders, elbows, knees, and hips. She'll also ask about your symptoms, so it's a good idea to keep a detailed record of where and when you hurt. Is the pain dull or sharp? Does it come and go, or is it constant? Are you tired a lot or not thinking clearly? Write down any other problems you have, even if you don't think they're related.
|
81c0c3ae7c9c7894b112e62813a16773
|
Is a C-peptide test used for type 1 or type 2 diabetes?
|
The C-peptide test is a tool your doctor uses to test whether you have type 1 diabetes, when the immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, or type 2, when your body doesn't use insulin as well it should.
|
ad1f735b20f265d65547eb6642de8019
|
How is a C-peptide test done?
|
The C-peptide test typically uses a sample of your blood. To take a blood test, someone in your doctor's office or a lab places a needle into a vein, usually in your forearm. You may feel a slight prick. The blood will collect into a vial or syringe. For a urine test, you will pee into a cup as instructed. For a 24-hour sample, you'll need to collect all that you produce in a day.
|
44db3eca8ec65205c36484577dcbc63f
|
How can I prepare for a C-peptide test?
|
To find out why you have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) To diagnose a tumor of the pancreas that releases insulin, called an insulinoma If you've had your pancreas removed You might need to stop eating 8 to 10 hours before the test. Sometimes, it's done after you eat. Let your doctor know about any medicines you are on. Include medicine you take by prescription and those you buy over the counter, such as herbal supplements or vitamins.
|
e8dc339cfbda32444d873e1a29b38dc3
|
What do the results from my C-peptide test mean?
|
Levels are low when your body makes less than it normally should.
|
4bc05a252f51e07674e9087ea73fb56f
|
What does a high C-peptide level indicate?
|
Have a tumor, called an insulinoma Have kidney disease A high level may also show you take too much of a certain class of medicine to treat type 2 diabetes. They're called sulfonylureas, and they include: Chlorpropamide ( Diabinese) Glimepiride ( Amaryl) Glipizide ( Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL) Glyburide ( Dia Beta, Glynase Pres Tab, Micronase) Tolazamide or tolbutamide A low C-peptide level may mean that: You have type 1 or type 2 diabetes You are on insulin shots and it is suppressing the release of insulin from your pancreas You have low blood sugar so your pancreas stops releasing insulin Treatment has shrunk your insulinoma Ask your doctor for more details about what your test results mean.
|
bfdd497ef941084ea464165a0e266d46
|
How do I prepare for a C-peptide test?
|
To find out why you have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) To diagnose a tumor of the pancreas that releases insulin, called an insulinoma If you've had your pancreas removed You might need to stop eating 8 to 10 hours before the test. Sometimes, it's done after you eat. Let your doctor know about any medicines you are on. Include medicine you take by prescription and those you buy over the counter, such as herbal supplements or vitamins.
|
cf947cb47b1578c8ef54f5e9fc850c05
|
Why would I need a C-peptide test?
|
Doctors don't use it to actually diagnose diabetes, but it can give them a reading to help treat it. It can tell the difference between insulin your body has made and insulin that you took. You might get the C-peptide test: To find out whether you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes When you have type 1 and your doctor needs to know how much insulin your pancreas still makes To find out if it time to start insulin in a patient with type 2 diabetes.
|
be51eb647e17802f056c4711288daf62
|
What does a high C-peptide level mean?
|
Have a tumor, called an insulinoma Have kidney disease A high level may also show you take too much of a certain class of medicine to treat type 2 diabetes. They're called sulfonylureas, and they include: Chlorpropamide ( Diabinese) Glimepiride ( Amaryl) Glipizide ( Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL) Glyburide ( Dia Beta, Glynase Pres Tab, Micronase) Tolazamide or tolbutamide A low C-peptide level may mean that: You have type 1 or type 2 diabetes You are on insulin shots and it is suppressing the release of insulin from your pancreas You have low blood sugar so your pancreas stops releasing insulin Treatment has shrunk your insulinoma Ask your doctor for more details about what your test results mean.
|
ad2865d833dee9dec8ff80fa213727c1
|
What is a C-peptide test?
|
The C-peptide test is a tool your doctor uses to test whether you have type 1 diabetes, when the immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, or type 2, when your body doesn't use insulin as well it should. It shows how well your body makes insulin, which moves sugar (or âglucoseâ) from your blood into your cells. The test can help your doctor decide whether you need to take insulin to control your condition.
|
03b9b46621024cb34cfd095761700f50
|
How is the C-peptide test done?
|
The C-peptide test typically uses a sample of your blood. To take a blood test, someone in your doctor's office or a lab places a needle into a vein, usually in your forearm. You may feel a slight prick. The blood will collect into a vial or syringe. For a urine test, you will pee into a cup as instructed. For a 24-hour sample, you'll need to collect all that you produce in a day.
|
5923483480df0307f8a4021c497e449f
|
What do the results of a C-peptide test mean?
|
Levels are low when your body makes less than it normally should.
|
68947cb6dc7e737d6b33c0c5dcb80f77
|
What are the side effects of taking phenylalanine?
|
Phenylalanine is found in many foods, including: Meat Eggs Fish Cheese Products containing aspartame Phenylalanine can trigger allergic reactions, with symptoms such as: Itching Swelling of the face or hands Trouble breathing Tingling feeling in the mouth Side effects may include: Heartburn Fatigue Nausea Constipation Dizziness Headache Anxiety and hypomania (a milder form of mania) Sedation Jitteriness and trouble sleeping Doses higher than 5,000 milligrams a day can cause nerve damage.
|
cab32e56fa8e969f34f9152faca2125a
|
What are the risks of taking phenylalanine?
|
People with certain conditions should avoid using this supplement, including those with Schizophrenia ( Tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder, may develop.) You also should avoid the supplement if you have a sensitivity to phenylalanine or a condition in which your body can't break down phenylalanine. And use caution in taking phenylalanine if you have: High blood pressure Trouble sleeping Anxiety or other psychiatric problems Also, it is unknown whether this supplement is safe in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
|
1d00a5c11c61cccf036e7eadda597f9f
|
How much phenylalanine should you take?
|
Optimal doses of phenylalanine have not been set for any condition. Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker. This makes it difficult to set a standard dose. However, commonly used dosages, depending on the condition, range from 150 mg to 5,000 mg daily.
|
95f145f3d8782d5f48781cfd20edd083
|
What are chalazia?
|
Chalazia, which look like styes but are infected oil glands, often disappear on their own too. But it could take a month or more for them to go away.
|
b221669af780bf19d862e7d5ce23ee16
|
Do I need surgery if I have a stye?
|
Sometimes you need minor surgery to completely drain a stye. After applying a local anesthetic to numb your eyelid (that means you won't have to go to sleep), the doctor cuts it open and removes the gunk inside. Your eyelid should heal quickly.
|
d677de3d4bcff68a3bcf36f10d809e98
|
How can I get rid of a chalazion?
|
Although a chalazion will sometimes clear up on its own, warm compresses may speed things along. Your doctor might give you a shot of anti-inflammatory medicine to help. He can also remove the chalazion through simple surgery. It should only require a local anesthetic. You might have to wear an eyelid bandage for up to 24 hours afterward.
|
ee5abd50ac025e8211d60ef6c2283ea8
|
What should I do if my stye comes back?
|
If it comes back, your doctor may give you an antibiotic cream or ointment to put on the spot. Or you might take antibiotic pills or have other treatments if there is an underlying condition such as blepharitis. Follow the instructions on whatever medicine he gives you.
|
9ce41f7afaa86e86d3c237073bbd5f8d
|
How long should I keep a compress on my eye when treating a stye?
|
Keep your eye closed while you use the compress. When the stye comes to a head, keep using the compresses to put pressure on it until it ruptures. Don't squeeze it -- let it burst on its own. Some styes spread skin infections when they pop. If that happens, you'll have to take antibiotics.
|
420605f0e0d728f666adacf87bcb38a4
|
How are chalazia treated?
|
Although a chalazion will sometimes clear up on its own, warm compresses may speed things along. Your doctor might give you a shot of anti-inflammatory medicine to help. He can also remove the chalazion through simple surgery. It should only require a local anesthetic. You might have to wear an eyelid bandage for up to 24 hours afterward.
|
a7894e8b6238a2742ca9b5d8910efd36
|
What are styes?
|
But they're just a blocked oil gland on your eyelid and should go away on their own or with simple treatment in a few days.
|
aa3f1e2e40945002c3cbeb5f1ef5a6ca
|
Do you need surgery to treat a stye?
|
Sometimes you need minor surgery to completely drain a stye. After applying a local anesthetic to numb your eyelid (that means you won't have to go to sleep), the doctor cuts it open and removes the gunk inside. Your eyelid should heal quickly.
|
9ec4544679354d6b5db6cacfcc17c2c2
|
What medications are used to treat styes?
|
If it comes back, your doctor may give you an antibiotic cream or ointment to put on the spot. Or you might take antibiotic pills or have other treatments if there is an underlying condition such as blepharitis. Follow the instructions on whatever medicine he gives you.
|
111960e969139325346bb22ed0eadd38
|
What are symptoms of finger sprain?
|
If your finger is sprained, you might have: Pain or stiffness in one of your finger joints when you try to move it Tenderness in your joint when you touch the area Swelling in one of your finger joints Sometimes athletes who get sprained fingers ignore the injury. But the pain can be severe, and left untreated, it could get worse.
|
9b7219e4e9f3356c78153c90d7906485
|
How is finger sprain diagnosed?
|
You may also get imaging tests like an X-ray, and, in less common cases, an MRI. If you do have a finger sprain, your doctor will assign it a grade based on how severe it is: Grade 1: Your joint is stable but you have some stretching or microtearing in your ligament. Grade 2: You have some mild instability in your joint and partial tearing in your ligament. Grade 3: There's significant instability in your joint and you've either severely or completely torn your ligament.
|
0c632ef4542c23ae884003d3c794e742
|
What lifestyle changes can decrease the risk of getting gum disease?
|
Other health and lifestyle changes that will decrease the risk, severity, and speed of gum disease development include: Stop smoking. Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for development of periodontitis. Smokers are seven times more likely to get gum disease than nonsmokers, and smoking can lower the chances of success of some treatments. Reduce stress . Stress may make it difficult for your body's immune system to fight off infection. Maintain a well-balanced diet. Proper nutrition helps your immune system fight infection. Eating foods with antioxidant properties -- for example, those containing vitamin E ( vegetable oils, nuts, green leafy vegetables) and vitamin C (citrus fruits, broccoli, potatoes) -- can help your body repair damaged tissue. Avoid clenching and grinding your teeth. These actions may put excess force on the supporting tissues of the teeth and could increase the rate at which these tissues are destroyed.
|
fe1fac880834562a9d503bf7f57ecd1e
|
What's the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis (gum disease)?
|
Gingivitis (gum inflammation) usually precedes periodontitis (gum disease). However, it is important to know that not all gingivitis progresses to periodontitis. In the early stage of gingivitis, bacteria in plaque build up, causing the gums to become inflamed and to easily bleed during tooth brushing. Although the gums may be irritated, the teeth are still firmly planted in their sockets. No irreversible bone or other tissue damage has occurred at this stage. When gingivitis is left untreated, it can advance to periodontitis. In a person with periodontitis, the inner layer of the gum and bone pull away from the teeth and form pockets. These small spaces between teeth and gums collect debris and can become infected. The body's immune system fights the bacteria as the plaque spreads and grows below the gum line. Toxins or poisons -- produced by the bacteria in plaque as well as the body's "good" enzymes involved in fighting infections -- start to break down the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place. As the disease progresses, the pockets deepen and more gum tissue and bone are destroyed. When this happens, teeth are no longer anchored in place, they become loose, and tooth loss occurs. Gum disease is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults.
|
d01e292d7056b7f8ef60f41edb80ef76
|
What causes gum disease?
|
Gum disease is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Plaque is the primary cause of gum disease. However, other factors can contribute to periodontal disease. These include: Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy, puberty, menopause, and monthly menstruation, make gums more sensitive, which makes it easier for gingivitis to develop. Illnesses may affect the condition of your gums. This includes diseases such as cancer or HIV that interfere with the immune system. Because diabetes affects the body's ability to use blood sugar, patients with this disease are at higher risk of developing infections, including periodontal disease and cavities. Medications can affect oral health, because some lessen the flow of saliva, which has a protective effect on teeth and gums. Some drugs, such as the anticonvulsant medication Dilantin and the anti-angina drug Procardia and Adalat, can cause abnormal growth of gum tissue. Bad habits such as smoking make it harder for gum tissue to repair itself. Poor oral hygiene habits such as not brushing and flossing on a daily basis, make it easier for gingivitis to develop. Family history of dental disease can be a contributing factor for the development of gingivitis.
|
2e9299e19d487b042ec205b4e5215bff
|
What is periodontal disease (gum disease)?
|
!s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Periodontitis, also generally called gum disease or periodontal disease, begins with bacterial growth in your mouth and may end -- if not properly treated -- with tooth loss due to destruction of the tissue that surrounds your teeth.
|
c8d204fa1e105aa6e47935bd7c11e5b2
|
How does a birth control sponge work?
|
The device protects against pregnancy in three ways: It releases a spermicide to kill sperm cells for 24 hours. You can have sex during that time without needing more spermicide. It's designed to trap and absorb semen before the sperm have a chance to enter the cervix, which connects the vagina to the uterus. It acts as a barrier between the sperm and the cervix.
|
8a3b0bb49ab3cc531624d12a1141033c
|
What is a birth control sponge?
|
You don't need a prescription for the sponge, which is made of polyurethane foam. Out of 100 women who use the sponge, 9-11 will get pregnant in a typical year.
|
9d93b52bce4bf53ff4d845e95a548ac2
|
Where can you get a birth control sponge?
|
It's available at most pharmacies and clinics.
|
b4fdc76b992aea889051c2bc08bf7f47
|
Does a birth control sponge protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
|
To protect against STDs such as HIV, the male condom provides the best protection.
|
aedbde948de3961ba8aa5e2fc2e8d426
|
What's normal for a newborn girl's genitals?
|
Among other things, these hormones may have: Made the outside of the vagina ("labia majora" and the "clitoris") a little swollen and prominent Caused a thick, milky discharge in the vagina Most dramatically, at 2 or 3 days of age, your daughter may have a little bit of bleeding from her vagina. This is perfectly normal; it is caused by the withdrawal of the hormones she was exposed to in the womb. It will be her first and last menstrual period for another decade or so.
|
5359a86f9f49f6df2cad484e8105a5cf
|
How should you care for your baby girl's genitals?
|
Spread the labia and gently wash out the creases; there is no need to go any deeper. Nature takes care of naturally cleaning the inside of the vagina. Use warm water only -- there's no need for soaps. Wipe from front to back to avoid contamination of the vaginal area from stool. Remember, this sensitive tissue is the same as that inside the mouth.
|
5ce2cf7f4d5ba2896719b8c7a75ff568
|
What are side effects of the flu shot in adults?
|
If you get the nasal spray, you might have side effects like a runny nose, headache, cough, and sore throat.
|
4b067a31deb4dcd13950f0fc5ff702b2
|
Can the flu shot have severe side effects?
|
Serious side effects are rare. If they do happen, it's within a few minutes to a few hours after you get the shot. Call your doctor right away if you have trouble breathing, hives, feel weak or dizzy, or have a fast heartbeat afterward.
|
76a44172e7a8e8d3d99c189b713e2317
|
What are sources of vitamin D for prevention of osteoporosis?
|
Get it from: Low-fat or fat-free dairy products Calcium-fortified juices and foods, like cereal, soy milk, and tofu Sardines and salmon with bones Dark green vegetables, like kale and broccoli Vitamin D helps your body absorb the calcium you eat. Not many foods naturally have the nutrient, but you can get it in: Fatty fish, like salmon, mackerel, and tuna Beef liver, cheese, and egg yolks Fortified foods like milk, cereal, and orange juice Your skin also naturally makes vitamin D when sunlight hits it. You can get at least some of what you need if you spend a little time outdoors every day. But don't overdo it -- too much time in the sun raises your chances for skin cancer.
|
09e03cd028c6adfc6f23fbef3a601eb9
|
What are sources of calcium for prevention of osteoporosis?
|
Any of these workouts can help you build muscle and bone: Lifting canned goods or bags of groceries Lifting free weights Lifting young children Using ankle and wrist weights Using elastic resistance bands Using weight machines or free weights Doing pushups, squats, or other moves that use your own body weight When your body doesn't have enough calcium, it will start to break down your bones to get what it needs. That means you lose bone mass. So it's important to make sure you have this nutrient every day in your diet or from supplements. Get it from: Low-fat or fat-free dairy products Calcium-fortified juices and foods, like cereal, soy milk, and tofu Sardines and salmon with bones Dark green vegetables, like kale and broccoli Vitamin D helps your body absorb the calcium you eat.
|
4a598fc0368e2c72655923bbfc4a606d
|
How can psychologists help with therapy for schizophrenia?
|
They can prescribe medications and do “talk therapy.” Psychologists They can’t prescribe medicine in most states. Psychiatrists and psychologists often work hand-in-hand and treat many of the same conditions. Psychologists can also give someone tests to see how well they’re able to handle normal daily life. You may want to look for a psychologist who does cognitive rehabilitation, remediation, or enhancement. This type of therapy teaches them how to communicate their own needs and show that they understand the needs of others.
|
cf22826497b559c16fd70acba34d7fdd
|
How can licensed clinical social workers and licensed professional counselors help with therapy for schizophrenia?
|
Licensed Clinical Social Workers ( LCSWs) and Licensed Professional Counselors ( LPCs) These professionals are trained to provide professional counseling for psychological, emotional, and behavioral issues. They can specialize in areas such as marital and family counseling, relaxation therapy, stress management, and sex therapy. Because LCSWs and LPCs are not medical doctors, they can’t prescribe medications.
|
54bf06250ecca6ed1490af6467cc4163
|
How can psychiatrists help with therapy for schizophrenia?
|
A number of professionals can treat mental illnesses, including the following: Psychiatrists These doctors diagnose and specialize in the treatment of schizophrenia and other mental, emotional, or behavioral problems. They can prescribe medications and do “talk therapy.” Psychologists They can’t prescribe medicine in most states.
|
0e722f5590b769217df54cf014e5670b
|
How can you find the right mental health professional for schizophrenia?
|
How to Find the Right Mental Health Professional To get referrals, you could ask: Your doctor Your health insurance company Trusted friends, family, or clergy You can also: Use a referral service from a national professional organization for therapists or doctors. Call a local or national medical society or mental health organization.
|
157af6a4e5ed0e989d7f70acbe36e7fb
|
How can primary care doctors help with therapy for schizophrenia?
|
Primary Care Doctors In many cases, your regular doctor may diagnose your illness or refer you to a specialist.
|
553af6bf1654b0541e3ac9d46d824ef0
|
How can holistic and alternative medicine doctors help with therapy for schizophrenia?
|
Holistic and Alternative Medicine Doctors They specialize in complementary and alternative medicines, holistic medicine, nutritional medicine, and herbal medicine treatments. These doctors may be able to prescribe medications but often choose different approaches that may combine natural medicines with mental health therapies.
|
1603ce2aa4c5d5b319d4ea94540e7c3e
|
What should you do before you schedule your first appointment with a therapist for schizophrenia?
|
A number of professionals can treat mental illnesses, including the following: Psychiatrists These doctors diagnose and specialize in the treatment of schizophrenia and other mental, emotional, or behavioral problems.
|
4405de8783365479f159048070a6829b
|
How can psychoanalysts help with therapy for schizophrenia?
|
Psychoanalysts These psychiatrists, psychologists, or other mental health professionals have advanced training in psychoanalysis, which is a particular form of psychotherapy. But psychoanalysis isn’t considered an appropriate treatment for schizophrenia or other forms of psychosis. So this isn’t the type of specialist that your loved one needs.
|
5d37751f1efb2f007c06e4b196a98cc5
|
How do I manage pain from golfer's elbow?
|
A topical medication may help as well. You may also get an injection of a corticosteroid or painkiller (like lidocaine) in the elbow. This may relieve pain and swelling in the short term. These treatments, though, do not seem to have long-term benefits.
|
3f689cf8d90578fbc645c19e90d19f45
|
How can physical therapy help with treating golfer's elbow?
|
Physical therapy can help in relieving pain and augment the recovery process. Use of pain relieving treatments and prescribed exercises can reduce stress to the elbow, speed recovery, and minimize the risk of recurrence. Recent innovations in care using PRP ( Plasma Rich Protein) injections have also shown great promise in accelerating recovery.
|
3abad0eeb80d12f3f5408ae27d6fd383
|
Where can I receive occupational therapy for Parkinson's disease?
|
Many hospitals offer outpatient physical therapy services. However, you may need to get a doctor's order to be seen in physical therapy. If you feel you can benefit from physical therapy, do not hesitate to ask your doctor for a referral.
|
37c1ce8fc331d07e67d92c0c39ff5de6
|
How many physical therapy visits will I need for Parkinson's disease?
|
Treatments in physical therapy often can be completed in one to three office visits. The first appointment includes an evaluation and recommendations for exercises. The following appointments check your progress and review and expand your home program. Most hospitals can provide additional sessions of outpatient therapy if needed.
|
c019e12e287c4495379ea23784047ba9
|
What is occupational therapy for Parkinson's disease?
|
Occupational therapy can help people with Parkinson's disease stay active in daily life. By improving your skills, showing you different ways to complete tasks, or introducing you to handy equipment, an occupational therapist can help you perform everyday activities with greater ease and satisfaction. An occupational therapist may also recommend making changes to your home or workplace to promote your independence. For Parkinson's disease, occupational therapy generally provides assessment, treatment, and recommendations in the following areas: Arm and hand therapy Handwriting aids Home modification information Driver evaluation and vehicle modification information Cooking and homemaking adaptations Eating and dinnerware adaptations Ways to make the most of your energy Computer modifications Workplace or work equipment modifications Leisure skill development Manual or electric wheelchair use Bathtub and toilet equipment use Dressing and grooming aids Many hospitals offer outpatient occupational therapy services.
|
5228d41475e9bff8ddad13ccf0c1d04b
|
How does physical therapy work in treating Parkinson's disease?
|
Physical therapy can help with: Balance problems Lack of coordination Fatigue Pain Gait Immobility Weakness Important note: Some physical therapists may apply diathermy (local heat application produced by high-frequency electrical current) to relieve muscle aches and pains. This could be dangerous to patients who have deep brain stimulators. Many hospitals offer outpatient physical therapy services. However, you may need to get a doctor's order to be seen in physical therapy.
|
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