ZappY-AI/MASHQA-JSON · Datasets at Hugging Face

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1e407bb6290eea0c6971ded306aaa460	What professionals may help me with diabetes other than my doctor?	Your doctor will help you make a diabetes treatment plan that is right for you -- and that you can understand. You may also need other health care professionals on your diabetes treatment team, including a foot doctor, nutritionist, eye doctor, and a diabetes specialist (called an endocrinologist).
85df11c817dc616c736e74208ee84e9b	How is a rapid-acting inhaled insulin used to treat diabetes?	Injectable insulin comes in five types: Rapid-acting (taking effect within a few minutes and lasting 2-4 hours) Regular or short-acting (taking effect within 30 minutes and lasting 3-6 hours) Intermediate-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting up to 18 hours) Long-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting beyond 24 hours) Ultra-long-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting 42 hours) A rapid-acting inhaled insulin ( Afrezza) is also FDA-approved for use before meals. It must be used in combination with long-acting insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes and should not be used by those who smoke or have chronic lung disease. It comes as a single dose cartridge. Premixed insulin is also available for people who need to use more than one type of insulin.
b6d81695c27855e56796137597922646	Does capsaicin cream help with diabetes?	Herbal Remedies Capsaicin cream, a topical ointment made with cayenne, has been reported by some patients to help lower pain in the hands and feet from diabetic neuropathy. But people with loss of sensation in the hands or feet should use caution when using capsaicin, as they may not be able to fully feel any burning sensation. Check with your doctor if you are thinking of trying this product.
416b38dc2dbb3cc81b4e2b7b6e1a4ca2	What is injectable insulin for diabetes?	Injectable insulin comes in five types: Rapid-acting (taking effect within a few minutes and lasting 2-4 hours) Regular or short-acting (taking effect within 30 minutes and lasting 3-6 hours) Intermediate-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting up to 18 hours) Long-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting beyond 24 hours) Ultra-long-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting 42 hours) A rapid-acting inhaled insulin ( Afrezza) is also FDA-approved for use before meals.
49f3eda2212ff3f5c7ba57e838ca01c2	Do all people with diabetes need insulin medication?	For some people with type 2 diabetes, diet and exercise are enough to keep the disease under control. Other people need medication, which may include insulin and an oral drug.
9712c017a5573b4e8c4979308aaeff90	What do you need to keep in mind regarding eating and diet if you have diabetes?	Eating a balanced diet is vital for people who have diabetes, so work with your doctor or dietitian to set up a menu plan. If you have type 1 diabetes, the timing of your insulin dosage is determined by activity and diet. When you eat and how much you eat are just as important as what you eat. Usually, doctors recommend three small meals and three to four snacks every day to maintain the proper balance between sugar and insulin in the blood.
ee01429f16e116681f9730fbcee49af2	Does evening primrose oil help with diabetes?	Evening primrose oil is thought to help diabetic nerve pain, but no conclusive evidence has yet been found.
66bd3332321dee5f02b52d5d7d2a96a8	Which herbs may help with diabetes?	Ginkgo, garlic, holy basil leaves, fenugreek seeds, ginseng, and hawthorn are other herbals that have been promoted by some as remedies for diabetic symptoms. More research is needed to see what, if any, role these herbals may play. Check with your doctor before trying any herbal product.
78df3250c9c48b054075ca2c329272ba	Can alternative medicine be used for diabetes?	Vitamins and Minerals Alternative medicine should never be used alone to treat diabetes. But there are things you can do -- in addition to medication, proper diet, and exercise -- that may help control your blood sugar and prevent complications of diabetes.
b81079e473cc185e7c9cce459be01f6a	Does vitamin C help diabetes?	Vitamin C may make up for low blood levels of insulin, which normally works to help cells absorb the vitamin. Proper amounts of vitamin C may help the body maintain a good cholesterol level and keep blood sugar levels under control. But too much can cause kidney stones and other problems. Check with your doctor to see if a vitamin C supplement is right for you.
19d26a09703a7930021e7f8142041e53	What should I keep in mind if exercising with diabetes?	Another crucial element in a treatment program for diabetes is exercise. With either type of diabetes, check with your doctor before starting an exercise program. Exercise improves your body's use of insulin and may lower blood sugar levels. To prevent your blood sugar from falling to dangerously low levels, check your blood sugar and, if necessary, eat a carbohydrate snack about half an hour before exercising. If you start to feel symptoms of low blood sugar (called hypoglycemia), stop exercising and have a carbohydrate snack or drink. Wait 15 minutes and check again. Have another snack again if it is still too low.
5d0bab9dd55643ed49225f05f0ef19b8	What types of foods should you have in your diet if you have diabetes?	A healthy balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in your diet will help keep your blood glucose on target. How much of each will depend on many factors, including your weight and your personal preferences. Watching your carbohydrates -- knowing how much you need and how many you are eating -- is key to blood sugar control. If you are overweight, either a low-carbohydrate, low-fat/low calorie, or Mediterranean diet may help you get your weight to goal. No more than 7% of your diet should come from saturated fat, and you should try to avoid trans fats altogether.
bcd598c5026969bde7867646aca4dcb2	Why would my doctor suspect that I have diabetes?	If you have type 1 diabetes, your pancreas no longer makes the insulin your body needs to use blood sugar for energy.
c899b1ed8f47af5688edfa92d68927d9	What is an insulin pump for diabetes?	Some people with diabetes use a computerized pump -- called an insulin pump -- that gives insulin on a set basis. You and your doctor program the pump to deliver a certain amount of insulin throughout the day (the basal dose). Plus, you program the pump to deliver a certain amount of insulin based on your blood sugar level before you eat (bolus dose).
fb683f39fddc06942d396c0ddb0939e3	How may vitamins B16 and B12 help with the treatment for diabetes?	Vitamins B6 and B12 may help treat diabetic nerve pain if you have low levels of these vitamins and that is contributing to the nerve pain. But otherwise, there is no proof that taking these vitamins will help.
efb6140c78d9c17ce2548eae1bfcbd94	How may mind or body medicine help with the treatment for diabetes?	Mind/ Body Medicine Guided imagery, biofeedback, meditation, hypnotherapy, and yoga reduce stress hormones, which in turn may help stabilize blood sugar levels. Biofeedback may also help lower blood pressure, but more research is needed to discover its role in the treatment of diabetes and high blood pressure.
7c81cd0ea11cbc276a93ac1b64a8fa64	What herbals have been promoted as remedies for diabetic symptoms?	Ginkgo, garlic, holy basil leaves, fenugreek seeds, ginseng, and hawthorn are other herbals that have been promoted by some as remedies for diabetic symptoms. More research is needed to see what, if any, role these herbals may play. Check with your doctor before trying any herbal product.
bbd67d5e7dbacf392c5f40e73b03b7e1	What should you consider when exercising to help treat diabetes?	Another crucial element in a treatment program for diabetes is exercise. With either type of diabetes, check with your doctor before starting an exercise program. Exercise improves your body's use of insulin and may lower blood sugar levels. To prevent your blood sugar from falling to dangerously low levels, check your blood sugar and, if necessary, eat a carbohydrate snack about half an hour before exercising. If you start to feel symptoms of low blood sugar (called hypoglycemia), stop exercising and have a carbohydrate snack or drink. Wait 15 minutes and check again. Have another snack again if it is still too low.
01e463ce4b2ef14ccdb809d20836e06a	How may evening primrose oil help with the treatment for diabetes?	Evening primrose oil is thought to help diabetic nerve pain, but no conclusive evidence has yet been found.
6aa1d4cae43e4ff5b7bf17699b844c49	How can exercise help treat diabetes?	Exercise helps some people with type 2 diabetes lower their blood glucose levels and may help prevent the disease in those at risk. For people with either type of diabetes, exercise can lower the chance of having a heart attack or stroke and can improve circulation. It may offer stress relief, as well. People with type 2 diabetes who need to lose weight can benefit from moderate exercise. Most people with diabetes are encouraged to get at least 150 minutes each week of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity, like walking. Strength training is often recommended at least twice a week. Talk to your doctor about what type of exercise is right for you.
3ca66dc5aa8cbab4f44e58230d800d8f	How are treatment plans for diabetes tailored?	When you eat and how much you eat are just as important as what you eat.
05750eed97ffb4395c0ed7869bd57d5d	How is a long-acting insulin used to treat diabetes?	Insulin degludec ( Tresiba) is a once-daily, long-acting insulin, providing a basal dose of insulin lasting beyond 42 hours. ( It the only basal insulin approved for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in patients as young as 1 year old.) It is also available in combination with rapid-acting insulin ( Ryzodeg 70/30).
f0e44c599a895a32832aabc169c35fce	How may vitamin E help with the treatment for diabetes?	Vitamin E may help limit damage to the blood vessels and help protect against kidney and eye disease. But too much can lead to serious problems, such as a higher risk of stroke. Talk to your doctor before adding this supplement.
a10c2418c9474c5103e9fd20aee132de	How may magnesium help with the treatment for diabetes?	Magnesium helps control blood sugar levels. Some people with diabetes have a serious magnesium deficiency. Magnesium supplements, in this case, may improve the action of insulin.
ebbd8a5ad037659c872dfc00d1141acb	What lifestyle changes can help with the treatment of diabetes?	It is a good idea to wear a Medic Alert bracelet or tag that says you have diabetes. This will make others aware of your condition in case you have a severe hypoglycemic attack and are not able to make yourself understood, or if you are in an accident and need emergency medical care. Identifying yourself as having diabetes is important because hypoglycemic attacks can be mistaken for drunkenness, and victims often aren't able to care for themselves. Without prompt treatment, hypoglycemia can result in a coma or seizures. And, because your body is under increased stress when you are ill or injured, your blood sugar levels will need to be checked by the medical personnel who give you emergency care. Be sure to take good care of your teeth and floss regularly.
158d9db741e3e06d084be4eb513468a3	What causes schizophrenia?	An interaction between something in your genes and something in your environment probably causes the disease. Researchers still have a lot to learn about it, but it's likely that many things play a role. Some, like exposure to a virus or malnutrition (according to one theory about causes), might have happened while you were still in your mother's womb. No one knows exactly why it usually crops up in late adolescence, but there are many theories.
dd0363ff058483d8dfadd1effa5f8d8a	If you feel better, can you stop inotropic therapy medication?	Even if you feel well, do not discontinue your inotropic therapy medication from your intravenous catheter line or from your infusion pump without consulting your doctor. If you are discharged from the hospital with an inotropic medication, a home health nurse will provide specific directions on how to care for your intravenous site, catheter, and infusion pump.
a908d8587e8dc997430f8d964e319acf	How are cataracts treated?	Symptoms of a cataract may include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contact lens prescription is all you need. Using brighter lights for reading or a magnifying glass may also help. If halos or glare are a problem, night driving may be difficult. Sunglasses and tinted lenses can improve driving comfort during the day. See your eye doctor for any concerns you have. If a cataract begins to interfere with your day-to-day life, an ophthalmologist specializing in cataract surgery can remove the cloudy lens and replace it with a clear lens implant.
7ff0cd33e4c32160310a7969e6167298	What is the treatment for dry eyes?	For mild dry eye, over-the-counter artificial tears may do the trick, along with self-care, such as increasing humidity. Prescription eye drops or other types of treatment may be best for more severe cases of dry eye. You should see your eye doctor if nonprescription drops don't relieve your dry-eye symptoms, since dry eyes can be a symptom of other eye problems.
9d095350ad1de12ca01d2fe3c34c37a5	What are the symptoms of cataracts?	Symptoms of a cataract may include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contact lens prescription is all you need.
380d8d6f29b23f56b9d37820a3d28598	Besides presbyopia, cataracts, floaters, and dry eyes, what other eye changes accompany aging?	These are some other changes that are common with age: Pupils become smaller and don't open as well as they used to. Eyelids droop or become inflamed. This sometimes affects vision. You can make some adjustments to deal with these changes, such as: Use extra lighting and put shades on lightbulbs. Choose "high color" fluorescent bulbs with a color-rendering index of 80 or above. Wear glasses with anti-reflective coating. Get rid of distractions when driving. Get an eye exam at least once a year. Exercise regularly, don't smoke, and protect your eyes from ultraviolet rays and injury.
fac916a4985a39a039152b5b358c15f9	How common is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?	About 20% of adults in the U. S. experience symptoms such as heartburn and acid regurgitation at least once a week. But if you have heartburn frequently and it is untreated, your stomach's acid may inflame the lining of your esophagus or swallowing tube, potentially narrowing it.
8e147519bb2109a23d7047628f1c1e55	How can diet and lifestyle cause gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?	Fatty foods, mints, chocolate, alcohol, coffee, and tea, all relax the LES. So does nicotine from cigarettes or chewing tobacco. Hormonal changes associated with pregnancy can temporarily weaken the LES, too. Obesity can lead to GERD because the pressure of extra weight pushing on your abdomen may "overpower" the LES, allowing reflux to occur.
9b9647f4369e8f63cd5351c0f0ff2096	What are the things that can cause gum pain?	Many things can cause your gums to be painful and sore -- but not all of them require a trip to the dentist. Sometimes tender and sore gums are simply a sign that you brush your teeth too hard. Other times your gums might hurt if they're irritated from braces or dentures. If you're a woman, hormone changes related to your period, pregnancy, or menopause can also cause your gums to become swollen and painful.
5858b0f9698220d14ee4aafdb05a08ba	What are the effects of multiple sclerosis?	The effects are often different for everyone who has the disease. Some people have mild symptoms and don't need treatment. Others will have trouble getting around and doing daily tasks.
cfd71b2872d9c0ebdafaab007611b94b	What can your doctor do to help with multiple sclerosis (MS)?	Your doctor can also prescribe drugs that may slow the course of the disease, prevent or treat attacks, ease your symptoms, or help you manage the stress that can come with the condition.
e038813c6bdf71fe406983be11dcbc6d	Is there a cure for multiple sclerosis?	There is no cure for MS right now, but a number of treatments can improve how you feel and keep your body working well.
97513015d80065fed44a3c8be07a6471	When do the first symptoms of multiple sclerosis start?	As a result, you may have symptoms like: Trouble walking Feeling tired Muscle weakness or spasms Blurred or double vision Numbness and tingling Sexual problems Poor bladder or bowel control Pain Depression Problems focusing or remembering The first symptoms often start between ages 20 and 40. Most people with MS have attacks, also called relapses, when the condition gets noticeably worse. They're usually followed by times of recovery when symptoms improve. For other people, the disease continues to get worse over time.
aa077a8bb2d519305a5fca6960650c80	Are there drugs that can slow the course of multiple sclerosis?	Your doctor can also prescribe drugs that may slow the course of the disease, prevent or treat attacks, ease your symptoms, or help you manage the stress that can come with the condition. Drugs that may slow your MS or help nerve damage include: Beta interferon ( Avonex, Betaseron, and Rebif) Copolymer-1 ( Copaxone) Dalfampridine ( Ampyra) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) Your doctor may give you steroids to make your MS attacks shorter and less severe.
077b0f13e1dc48bd971b560bf533ad38	What causes multiple sclerosis (MS)?	Doctors don't know for sure what causes MS, but there are many things that seem to make the disease more likely. People with certain genes may have higher chances of getting it. Smoking also may raise the risk.
4d562df2da12db7d3c96e357df764d70	What are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)?	The damage means your brain can't send signals through your body correctly. Your nerves also don't work as they should to help you move and feel. As a result, you may have symptoms like: Trouble walking Feeling tired Muscle weakness or spasms Blurred or double vision Numbness and tingling Sexual problems Poor bladder or bowel control Pain Depression Problems focusing or remembering The first symptoms often start between ages 20 and 40.
d9ab1f65dda81d6ab0f2c8ba59c783ea	What is the outlook for multiple sclerosis (MS)?	Support groups are also great places to connect with other people living with MS. Research is giving doctors more treatment options for the condition, a better idea of what causes it, and the ability to diagnose it earlier. Stem-cell and genetic research may soon help doctors repair damaged nerves or stop the disease before it causes damage. Scientists are also looking for new ways to treat MS in clinical trials. These trials test new drugs to see if they're safe and if they work. They're often a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Ask your doctor if one of these trials might be a good fit for you.
cb9edba30dda496948f302ead750b9c8	How can therapy help with multiple sclerosis (MS)?	An occupational therapist can teach you new ways to do certain tasks to make it easier to work and take care of yourself. If you have trouble getting around, a cane, walker, or braces can help you walk more easily.
4f48e759a84f6a7cb0382dcd540b1ac1	What are some symptoms of enthesitis?	Common spots for enthesitis to happen are around your heel, knee, hip, toe, elbow, backbone, and the bottom of your foot. The inflammation can lead to pain and stiffness, especially when you're moving. You also might notice swelling around those areas. Soreness at the back of your heel caused by enthesitis is sometimes called Achilles tendinitis or plantar fasciitis pain at the bottom of your foot. This pain can make it hard for you to run or climb stairs.
79ea8510425e949a503d0de3c55ee0b1	What are the treatments that can help with enthesitis?	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like naproxen and ibuprofen, can help with inflammation and pain. If the enthesitis is caused by an autoimmune arthritis, your doctor also may prescribe a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug ( DMARD) or biologics. He may recommend steroids for areas that are especially stiff or painful.
8f241e5a6d86051ac34c4e23cad6f935	When should you call a doctor about your child's diarrhea?	Your baby has diarrhea and is less than 3 months old You are worried that your child may be dehydrated or your child has had diarrhea for more than a few days. The diarrhea contains blood, mucous, or pus.
d1422d2fe32565235427df6bfe1107a8	What should I feed my child with diarrhea?	Feed toddlers mild foods in their regular diet. Avoid spicy or fried foods. Once the diarrhea stops, gradually return to a normal diet. Start with the BRAT diet -- Bananas, rice, applesauce, toast Call your pediatrician if your child's symptoms don't seem to be getting better or your child has signs of dehydration, such as crying without tears, fewer wet diapers than usual, urine that is darker than usual, or a sunken soft spot on the top of the head.
08c263f172880e4a752a93cb1bdd64b4	What should my triglyceride level be?	Your doctor may recommend a goal of 150 mg/d L or less. Recently, though, The American Heart Association has suggested a lower level is best for health. That level is less than 100 mg/d L. 3.
63b0540a82ce5e212aac127956f130e7	How long will I be on medicine for high triglycerides?	That depends. You may need to take meds indefinitely to keep your triglyceride levels out of the danger zone. Stick with your new healthy habits, and you may be able to work with your doctor to reduce the amount of medicine you take or stop it altogether.
2c5569731f9eb929d1de69d3f0272890	Whatâs the best way to lose weight?	Talk to your doctor about a weight loss plan that's best for you. Make positive changes, like choosing smaller portions, keeping a food diary, and limiting your snacks. Add physical activity to help boost your metabolism and burn fat.
a58650eb326fc8741d4d9bf7f80129bb	Why are high triglycerides dangerous?	They can increase your chances of having a heart attack or stroke, especially when you have a low level of HDL. They also make you more likely to develop diabetes. Here are some facts to keep in mind: You are on your way to being high risk if your number is between 151 and 200 mg/d L. You have a higher risk of heart disease if your number is above 200 mg/d L. Your doctor may prescribe medicine in addition to other steps you already take if your number is above 500 mg/d L. 4.
3564595d18b0a19dac2a3359deba3044	How can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cause depression and anxiety?	Depression and anxiety: It's common for people who have IBS to feel like they're losing control over their lives. If your symptoms are bad, you may find yourself always trying to map out the nearest bathroom. Because there's a link between your brain and gut, this kind of stress can make your IBS worse. The pain and the awkward symptoms you're dealing with can affect your mood. It may help to talk to a counselor about what's going on with you.
7d6192392a674df164da98f68bb193d6	How can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affect your quality of life?	Also, you may have diarrhea for a time and then be constipated. Not being able to predict how you'll feel can make it hard to go about your daily life. You also probably need to see your doctor often and are likely to miss more work than other people. It may be harder to focus when you're at your job. Managing stress, for example through exercise or meditation, can help.
13896028261e092d74bfd11a34bc9d46	How can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cause pregnancy complications?	Pregnancy complications: Hormone changes and the physical pressure a baby puts on the bowel wall can cause digestive issues. Many women also choose to stop any IBS drugs they're taking. This can be better for the baby.
375466cc389144868798e0cc69b7555b	How can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cause impacted bowel?	Here are some of the health issues it can cause: Impacted bowel: If you're constipated for a long time, stool can get blocked in your colon. Sometimes it can get so hard that you can't push it out. This is known as a fecal impaction. It can hurt and cause things like headache, nausea, and vomiting. It happens most often with older adults. See your doctor right away if you have signs this may be happening.
2efa50cd1ce32c89b2fdb7d85efcb25f	How do blood tests work for allergies?	A small amount of your blood is taken and analyzed. A lab checks for proteins called antibodies that your immune system might make in response to something you're allergic to. These blood tests may not give you results as specific as those from a skin test. They also tend to be more expensive. Talk to your doctor to see if they're the right thing for you to get to the bottom of your allergies.
b7d3b10dcce528caf9805c67f52709e8	Can ADHD symptoms be caused by anything else going on in my child's life?	The truth is, if she has the inattentive type of ADHD, she may be so distracted she just doesn't realize you're talking to her. Did the behaviors you're concerned about just pop up recently? Your child could just be shaken up because of a big life change, like a divorce, job loss, or death in the family. Medical problems, like serious ear infections, depression, or anxiety can cause ADHD-like symptoms, too.
50e6579ca82d6bb8ce27357c18d34cb4	How can I find out for sure if my child has ADHD?	There's no single test for ADHD. Your child's pediatrician will want to know her symptoms and when they started. He may also want to do some tests to rule out other health problems that could change the way your child acts. He might also want to send your child to a children's mental health specialist, like a child psychologist or psychiatrist, for a more detailed checkup. These doctors may ask to speak to other adults in your child's life, like coaches or teachers. Only then -- if your child meets the criteria for ADHD -- will she be officially diagnosed.
8cfc0680c17a5df7d2584d584855894e	Can unresponsiveness be a sign that my child has ADHD?	If your child doesn't respond when you talk to her or even seem to notice you're there, you might wonder if she's hard of hearing. Or if she's simply ignoring you. The truth is, if she has the inattentive type of ADHD, she may be so distracted she just doesn't realize you're talking to her.
76970bbaf977a2e54ca853f11c0bdf5b	Which areas do doctors recommend to have fine needle aspiration?	Doctors may recommend fine needle aspiration for areas such as: cysts (fluid-filled lumps) nodules or masses (solid lumps) enlarged lymph nodes Without a biopsy, it's usually hard for a doctor to confirm what these abnormal areas contain.
7836bdc70cfe424d8c4d08092c290a20	Why do people get a fine needle aspiration?	The most common reason to get a fine needle aspiration is to test for cancer. Most fine needle aspirations are done on these areas: breast thyroid gland lymph nodes in the neck, groin, or armpit Those types of fine needle aspirations are performed through the skin.
460db7957cacbee2eaf9b4bc12351a14	What over-the-counter pain medications can help with managing discomfort after a fine needle aspiration?	At the biopsy site, you may have some: swelling soreness pain In most people, over-the-counter pain medicines are enough to decrease discomfort. Examples include the generic drug acetaminophen. It is also sold under these brand names: Actamin Panadol Tylenol Final results of testing after a fine needle aspiration can take up to a week or longer.
8de481fce892a5864ba670484f89e8a2	How do I know if I have age-related macular degeneration?	Your doctor can check you for age-related macular degeneration when you see him for a routine eye exam. An early diagnosis will let you start treatment that may delay some symptoms or make them less severe. He'll test your vision and also examine your retina -- a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that processes light. He'll look for tiny yellow deposits called drusen under the retina. It's a common early sign of the disease. Your doctor may also ask you to look at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that's like a checkerboard. If some of the lines appear wavy to you or some of them are missing, it could be a sign of macular degeneration.
7445d253105f392ad0b4d5812a523182	What tests can determine if I have age-related macular degeneration?	If your doctor thinks you have age-related macular degeneration, he may want you to have one or both of these exams: Optical coherence tomography ( OCT). It's a special photograph that shows a magnified 3 D image of your retina. This method helps your doctor see if your retinal layers are distorted. He can also see if swelling is getting better or worse if you had treatment with injections or laser. Fluorescein angiography. In this procedure, your doctor injects a dye into a vein in your arm. He takes photos as the dye reaches your eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. The images will show new vessels or vessels that are leaking fluid or blood in the macula -- a small area at the center of your retina.
782b965af15cbe9bd5ce1c4195f45c00	What can I do to prevent bleeding and bruising during chemotherapy?	To prevent bleeding and bruising: Use an electric shaver instead of a razor. If you need to blow your nose, do it gently. Don't play rough sports. Don't use dental floss or toothpicks, which can make your gums bleed.
1f21f86bd5a96515cbf0349512babeb2	Can medicine help with fatigue during chemotherapy?	This is common during chemotherapy. Some people feel just a little low in energy, while others feel wiped out. Depending on how tired you are, your doctor might give you medicines that treat other side effects that can make you feel tired, like depression, pain, and anemia. Studies have shown these drugs can boost energy in people with cancer.
e65691e904a1be82555752c7db25b2a8	What habits will help with hair loss during chemotherapy?	You also can handle hair loss with a few other simple habits: Treat your hair and your scalp gently. That means mild shampoos, soft brushes, and no electric rollers, curling irons, dyes, or perms. Use moisturizing shampoo, conditioner, and cream on your hair before it falls out and later on your scalp. This will help with dryness and itching. Explore wigs, scarves, turbans, or hats to mask your hair loss. You might even want to shave your head before you start treatment.
f8b966cb6b1d11df7d1e7bf5c2674b46	What habits will help with constipation and diarrhea during chemotherapy?	Other habits can also keep bathroom troubles at bay. For constipation, try high-fiber foods, exercise, and drinking lots of fluid. For diarrhea, low-fiber foods like white rice, oatmeal, and skinless chicken may help.
70528d08cebce9fd510a238c1c16a5d9	Why does chemotherapy cause anemia?	You might get this blood condition during chemo, because some drugs can kill cells that form red blood cells in the bone marrow. It can also be a major cause of fatigue during treatment.
c4f8c5dc9e4e72d6f33f54eca6840175	Can you get nerve problems during chemotherapy?	If you feel numbness, tingling, weakness, burning, a pins-and-needles sensation, or pain in your hands and feet, it might mean your chemo drugs have damaged some nerves. Your doctor might give you a few different medicines to help.
32b6ee66250223e847b978cc6347113b	How can you manage nerve changes from chemotherapy?	If you feel numbness, tingling, weakness, burning, a pins-and-needles sensation, or pain in your hands and feet, it might mean your chemo drugs have damaged some nerves. Your doctor might give you a few different medicines to help. You can also try other tips: Always wear shoes to protect your feet. Wear gloves when you're cooking or working outside. Use bath mats in the shower. Use a cane to balance yourself.
5c68026cd728d8966a4e7f43f21c1be2	What foods help with anemia during chemotherapy?	Foods rich in iron, such as spinach, red meat, and beans, might help boost your energy, too.
12e1d15db5dcac3e8ced584c50d6d8bd	How can you treat fatigue from chemotherapy?	This is common during chemotherapy. Some people feel just a little low in energy, while others feel wiped out. Depending on how tired you are, your doctor might give you medicines that treat other side effects that can make you feel tired, like depression, pain, and anemia. Studies have shown these drugs can boost energy in people with cancer.
3599f414d059c4a982c96d385bda1ca0	How can you manage mouth and throat sores from chemotherapy?	Painful sores can make it hard to eat, and they can get infected. Ask your doctor about pain medicines and ointments. If you start having dry mouth, he might recommend treatments to help you make more saliva. Other tips: Visit your dentist 2 weeks before you start chemo to get any dental work done. Brush your teeth and tongue after every meal and before bed with a soft toothbrush or cotton swabs. Suck on ice chips right before or during a session.
60635eb238010dc06f4061326a418217	Where will chemotherapy cause hair loss?	Chemotherapy can make you lose hair not just on top of your head but in other places, like your eyebrows and eyelashes.
edd617e8391e86cd222884a6b5285a42	What habits will help with nerve issues in the hands and feet during chemotherapy?	You can also try other tips: Always wear shoes to protect your feet. Wear gloves when you're cooking or working outside. Use bath mats in the shower. Use a cane to balance yourself.
5420e899706609bd37e0db26c45a42f1	How is anemia from chemotherapy treated?	He might tell you to try a few treatments at once. If your anemia is severe, you might need a blood transfusion. In some cases, your doctor might prescribe drugs that prompt your body to make more red blood cells. Foods rich in iron, such as spinach, red meat, and beans, might help boost your energy, too.
a7272036444f038639613bf899c2f4f4	Why is risk of infection, bleeding, and bruising higher during chemotherapy?	Chemotherapy kills white blood cells, which fight germs, and platelets, which help your blood clot. As a result, you have a higher risk of infections, bleeding, and bruising (even if you haven't bumped yourself).
a827e9bcaebe4c8b3d9a8e811553e6ed	Can my doctor help with mouth and throat sores during chemotherapy?	Painful sores can make it hard to eat, and they can get infected. Ask your doctor about pain medicines and ointments. If you start having dry mouth, he might recommend treatments to help you make more saliva.
676cfeba26d384691edae6631c4753a4	Can medication help with constipation and diarrhea during chemotherapy?	Try anti-diarrheal medicines or laxatives and stool softeners for constipation. You can get them over the counter or by prescription, but always talk to your doctor before you take them.
94d5742d5354b2073eab5d7671891a72	What habits will help with mouth and throat sores during chemotherapy?	Other tips: Visit your dentist 2 weeks before you start chemo to get any dental work done. Brush your teeth and tongue after every meal and before bed with a soft toothbrush or cotton swabs. Suck on ice chips right before or during a session.
afa47f545f6be6657c54e98e024b5435	What habits will help with nausea during chemotherapy?	Other tips: Eat several small meals throughout the day rather than three big ones. Drink liquids an hour before you eat rather than during the meal. Sip clear liquids all day long. Plan your eating around your chemo. For some people, a snack right before a session helps keep nausea away. Others do better on an empty stomach.
faa28a29106a7f22d9314cf6e46e667f	Can medicine help with anemia during chemotherapy?	Your doctor might prescribe iron supplements, vitamin B12, or folic acid supplements. He might tell you to try a few treatments at once. If your anemia is severe, you might need a blood transfusion. In some cases, your doctor might prescribe drugs that prompt your body to make more red blood cells.
13634eac04382240e4e8c7aa2bb5f1d8	What is golfer's elbow?	Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) causes pain and inflammation in the tendons that connect the forearm to the elbow. The pain centers on the bony bump on the inside of your elbow and may radiate into the forearm. It can usually be treated effectively with rest.
27c601d8c9bb48467b4581b645bc7944	What do high bilirubin levels mean for newborns?	High bilirubin levels are common in newborns.
01cb80577e8d3e87d7e204491c443365	What causes high total bilirubin?	High total bilirubin may be caused by: Anemia Cirrhosis A reaction to a blood transfusion Gilbert syndrome -- a common, inherited condition in which there is a deficiency of an enzyme that helps to break down bilirubin. Viral hepatitis A reaction to drugs Alcoholic liver disease Gallstones Very strenuous exercise, such as marathon running, can increase your bilirubin levels.
06d1b52a6039ed178a89712772366486	When should I call the doctor if my kid is having breathing problems?	Is younger than 1 year old and still has trouble breathing after you cleaned out her nose Has been diagnosed with bronchiolitis (a common lung infection in children) or a reactive airways disease (such as asthma or a condition like asthma) episode Has trouble breathing or is breathing very fast when not coughing Has severe coughing attacks or continuous coughing Is wheezing or making a high-pitched whistle sound when breathing out or in Can't take a deep breath because of chest pain or coughed-up blood Has a fever that persists Flares her nostrils or draws in her chest muscles to breathe Is sluggish Is vomiting and can't keep fluids down Has a cold where the symptoms rapidly worsen Give babies plenty of breast milk or formula.
28f715010435fa204614df80a31a1c16	When should I get medical attention if my kid is having breathing problems?	Is gasping for breath Can't cry or talk because of breathing trouble Grunts when breathing Has blue lips May have a small object caught in her throat Is breathing very fast Looks very sick Breathing problems are common in young children, but in some cases they can be serious. Is younger than 1 year old and still has trouble breathing after you cleaned out her nose Has been diagnosed with bronchiolitis (a common lung infection in children) or a reactive airways disease (such as asthma or a condition like asthma) episode Has trouble breathing or is breathing very fast when not coughing Has severe coughing attacks or continuous coughing Is wheezing or making a high-pitched whistle sound when breathing out or in Can't take a deep breath because of chest pain or coughed-up blood Has a fever that persists Flares her nostrils or draws in her chest muscles to breathe Is sluggish Is vomiting and can't keep fluids down Has a cold where the symptoms rapidly worsen Give babies plenty of breast milk or formula.
016e8552478421d76ac104bd3553f998	How can a back brace help a child with scoliosis?	If your child's curve measures between 20 and 40 degrees, his doctor might recommend that he wear a back brace to help stop its progress as he grows. But a brace can't correct a curve. Braces may be made of hard plastic. These can stay rigid or be elastic and move easily. The kind your child needs will depend on how severe his curve is and where it's located. He may wear the brace between 16 and 23 hours a day, until he finishes growing. The goal is to control the curve so he won't need surgery.
45d1a655a9afd5190c64f448a3c92572	How can surgery help degenerative scoliosis?	Surgery can improve your spinal balance and relieve nerve pressure on your spine, which helps with pain. The bones in your spine may be fused together to correct its alignment. After spinal surgery, you'll need plenty of time to recover, many follow-up visits to your doctor, and physical therapy. Before your operation, talk with your family and friends about the kind of support you'll need as you get better. Some people choose to stay in a nursing home or rehabilitation facility for a while after surgery.
ddaa37165cdaa88ac131320eb9c39fcd	What are treatment categories for scoliosis?	Your scoliosis treatment will fall into one of three categories: Observation Nonsurgical options, such as a brace Surgery Mild curves, like those found in 90% of scoliosis cases, typically don't require treatment.
d4e4b589c237b057f7212e57dba54565	Does vitamin C treat or prevent colds?	Vitamin C has been studied for many years as a possible treatment for colds, or as a way to help prevent colds. But findings have been inconsistent.
bc38c916b3783e459df68751d1247a92	What is vitamin C?	Vitamin C also assists in the formation of collagen and helps the body absorb iron. Vitamin C is found naturally in vegetables and fruits, especially oranges and other citrus fruits. This key vitamin is also available as a natural dietary supplement in the form of vitamin C pills and vitamin C chewable tablets.
de755737e2951a91c82ec3795b356ac9	Why can't children use cough medicine, decongestants, or antihistamines?	So if he's that young, don't give him: Cough medicine Decongestants Antihistamines Evidence suggests these cold medicines don't really help, and they have a small risk of serious side effects. Between 1969 and 2006 there were reports that 60 young children died from decongestants or antihistamines. Since there's no proof that kids' cold medicines help children, some think any risk, no matter how slight, isn't worth it. Most colds run their course in 5 to 10 days -- with or without treatment.
e6a4270074f0d78ae65d4eec2ff1007c	When should I call the doctor if my child has a common cold?	Ask your child's doctor if you're not sure if a medicine is right for your child.
64672f3e9fdb546628a731e4ecd14d24	What does the pain from your SI joint feel like?	It could be a dull or sharp. It starts at your SI joint, but it can move to your buttocks, thighs, groin, or upper back. Sometimes standing up triggers the pain, and a lot of times you feel it only on one side of your lower back. You may notice that it bothers you more in the morning and gets better during the day. It's more common than you might think. About 15%-30% of people who hurt like this have a problem with the SI joint.
ad418eeb99a62a39dad98606aca9925d	What causes SI joint pain?	The pain starts when your SI joint gets inflamed. There are several reasons it could happen. You could hurt it when you play sports or if you fall down. You might also get this problem from an activity that gives the area a regular pounding, like jogging. Do you take uneven strides when you walk because one of your legs is longer than the other? That could be a cause of SI joint pain. Sometimes you start hurting when the ligaments that hold your SI joint together are damaged, which may make the joint move abnormally. Arthritis can lead to the problem. A type that affects your spine, called ankylosing spondylitis, can damage the SI joint. You'll also hurt when the cartilage over the SI joint slowly wears away as you age. SI joint pain may also start if you're pregnant. Your body releases hormones that cause your joints to loosen up and move more, which leads to changes in the way the joints move.
b7ba8aa6faf3f66a4ff047812ba010a0	How can chiropractic treatment help with SI joint pain?	Adjustments by a chiropractor can help relieve pain. He'll use techniques that move your muscles and joints.
fb8940b967fdc275cee91e47c524451e	What is the SI joint?	There are two of them in your lower back, and they sit on each side of your spine. Their main job is to carry the weight of your upper body when you stand or walk and shift that load to your legs.
ae6b317c22ecec26b364d1fcf357237c	How can physical therapy help with SI joint pain?	Exercises can improve strength and make you more flexible. You'll learn to correct any habits you might have picked up when you were trying to avoid pain, like walking with a limp or leaning to one side. Your therapist may try ultrasound, heat and cold treatments, massage, and stretching.

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What professionals may help me with diabetes other than my doctor?

Your doctor will help you make a diabetes treatment plan that is right for you -- and that you can understand. You may also need other health care professionals on your diabetes treatment team, including a foot doctor, nutritionist, eye doctor, and a diabetes specialist (called an endocrinologist).

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How is a rapid-acting inhaled insulin used to treat diabetes?

Injectable insulin comes in five types: Rapid-acting (taking effect within a few minutes and lasting 2-4 hours) Regular or short-acting (taking effect within 30 minutes and lasting 3-6 hours) Intermediate-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting up to 18 hours) Long-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting beyond 24 hours) Ultra-long-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting 42 hours) A rapid-acting inhaled insulin ( Afrezza) is also FDA-approved for use before meals. It must be used in combination with long-acting insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes and should not be used by those who smoke or have chronic lung disease. It comes as a single dose cartridge. Premixed insulin is also available for people who need to use more than one type of insulin.

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Does capsaicin cream help with diabetes?

Herbal Remedies Capsaicin cream, a topical ointment made with cayenne, has been reported by some patients to help lower pain in the hands and feet from diabetic neuropathy. But people with loss of sensation in the hands or feet should use caution when using capsaicin, as they may not be able to fully feel any burning sensation. Check with your doctor if you are thinking of trying this product.

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What is injectable insulin for diabetes?

Injectable insulin comes in five types: Rapid-acting (taking effect within a few minutes and lasting 2-4 hours) Regular or short-acting (taking effect within 30 minutes and lasting 3-6 hours) Intermediate-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting up to 18 hours) Long-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting beyond 24 hours) Ultra-long-acting (taking effect in 1-2 hours and lasting 42 hours) A rapid-acting inhaled insulin ( Afrezza) is also FDA-approved for use before meals.

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Do all people with diabetes need insulin medication?

For some people with type 2 diabetes, diet and exercise are enough to keep the disease under control. Other people need medication, which may include insulin and an oral drug.

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What do you need to keep in mind regarding eating and diet if you have diabetes?

Eating a balanced diet is vital for people who have diabetes, so work with your doctor or dietitian to set up a menu plan. If you have type 1 diabetes, the timing of your insulin dosage is determined by activity and diet. When you eat and how much you eat are just as important as what you eat. Usually, doctors recommend three small meals and three to four snacks every day to maintain the proper balance between sugar and insulin in the blood.

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Does evening primrose oil help with diabetes?

Evening primrose oil is thought to help diabetic nerve pain, but no conclusive evidence has yet been found.

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Which herbs may help with diabetes?

Ginkgo, garlic, holy basil leaves, fenugreek seeds, ginseng, and hawthorn are other herbals that have been promoted by some as remedies for diabetic symptoms. More research is needed to see what, if any, role these herbals may play. Check with your doctor before trying any herbal product.

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Can alternative medicine be used for diabetes?

Vitamins and Minerals Alternative medicine should never be used alone to treat diabetes. But there are things you can do -- in addition to medication, proper diet, and exercise -- that may help control your blood sugar and prevent complications of diabetes.

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Does vitamin C help diabetes?

Vitamin C may make up for low blood levels of insulin, which normally works to help cells absorb the vitamin. Proper amounts of vitamin C may help the body maintain a good cholesterol level and keep blood sugar levels under control. But too much can cause kidney stones and other problems. Check with your doctor to see if a vitamin C supplement is right for you.

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What should I keep in mind if exercising with diabetes?

Another crucial element in a treatment program for diabetes is exercise. With either type of diabetes, check with your doctor before starting an exercise program. Exercise improves your body's use of insulin and may lower blood sugar levels. To prevent your blood sugar from falling to dangerously low levels, check your blood sugar and, if necessary, eat a carbohydrate snack about half an hour before exercising. If you start to feel symptoms of low blood sugar (called hypoglycemia), stop exercising and have a carbohydrate snack or drink. Wait 15 minutes and check again. Have another snack again if it is still too low.

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What types of foods should you have in your diet if you have diabetes?

A healthy balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in your diet will help keep your blood glucose on target. How much of each will depend on many factors, including your weight and your personal preferences. Watching your carbohydrates -- knowing how much you need and how many you are eating -- is key to blood sugar control. If you are overweight, either a low-carbohydrate, low-fat/low calorie, or Mediterranean diet may help you get your weight to goal. No more than 7% of your diet should come from saturated fat, and you should try to avoid trans fats altogether.

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Why would my doctor suspect that I have diabetes?

If you have type 1 diabetes, your pancreas no longer makes the insulin your body needs to use blood sugar for energy.

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What is an insulin pump for diabetes?

Some people with diabetes use a computerized pump -- called an insulin pump -- that gives insulin on a set basis. You and your doctor program the pump to deliver a certain amount of insulin throughout the day (the basal dose). Plus, you program the pump to deliver a certain amount of insulin based on your blood sugar level before you eat (bolus dose).

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How may vitamins B16 and B12 help with the treatment for diabetes?

Vitamins B6 and B12 may help treat diabetic nerve pain if you have low levels of these vitamins and that is contributing to the nerve pain. But otherwise, there is no proof that taking these vitamins will help.

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How may mind or body medicine help with the treatment for diabetes?

Mind/ Body Medicine Guided imagery, biofeedback, meditation, hypnotherapy, and yoga reduce stress hormones, which in turn may help stabilize blood sugar levels. Biofeedback may also help lower blood pressure, but more research is needed to discover its role in the treatment of diabetes and high blood pressure.

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What herbals have been promoted as remedies for diabetic symptoms?

Ginkgo, garlic, holy basil leaves, fenugreek seeds, ginseng, and hawthorn are other herbals that have been promoted by some as remedies for diabetic symptoms. More research is needed to see what, if any, role these herbals may play. Check with your doctor before trying any herbal product.

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What should you consider when exercising to help treat diabetes?

Another crucial element in a treatment program for diabetes is exercise. With either type of diabetes, check with your doctor before starting an exercise program. Exercise improves your body's use of insulin and may lower blood sugar levels. To prevent your blood sugar from falling to dangerously low levels, check your blood sugar and, if necessary, eat a carbohydrate snack about half an hour before exercising. If you start to feel symptoms of low blood sugar (called hypoglycemia), stop exercising and have a carbohydrate snack or drink. Wait 15 minutes and check again. Have another snack again if it is still too low.

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How may evening primrose oil help with the treatment for diabetes?

Evening primrose oil is thought to help diabetic nerve pain, but no conclusive evidence has yet been found.

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How can exercise help treat diabetes?

Exercise helps some people with type 2 diabetes lower their blood glucose levels and may help prevent the disease in those at risk. For people with either type of diabetes, exercise can lower the chance of having a heart attack or stroke and can improve circulation. It may offer stress relief, as well. People with type 2 diabetes who need to lose weight can benefit from moderate exercise. Most people with diabetes are encouraged to get at least 150 minutes each week of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity, like walking. Strength training is often recommended at least twice a week. Talk to your doctor about what type of exercise is right for you.

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How are treatment plans for diabetes tailored?

When you eat and how much you eat are just as important as what you eat.

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How is a long-acting insulin used to treat diabetes?

Insulin degludec ( Tresiba) is a once-daily, long-acting insulin, providing a basal dose of insulin lasting beyond 42 hours. ( It the only basal insulin approved for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in patients as young as 1 year old.) It is also available in combination with rapid-acting insulin ( Ryzodeg 70/30).

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How may vitamin E help with the treatment for diabetes?

Vitamin E may help limit damage to the blood vessels and help protect against kidney and eye disease. But too much can lead to serious problems, such as a higher risk of stroke. Talk to your doctor before adding this supplement.

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How may magnesium help with the treatment for diabetes?

Magnesium helps control blood sugar levels. Some people with diabetes have a serious magnesium deficiency. Magnesium supplements, in this case, may improve the action of insulin.

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What lifestyle changes can help with the treatment of diabetes?

It is a good idea to wear a Medic Alert bracelet or tag that says you have diabetes. This will make others aware of your condition in case you have a severe hypoglycemic attack and are not able to make yourself understood, or if you are in an accident and need emergency medical care. Identifying yourself as having diabetes is important because hypoglycemic attacks can be mistaken for drunkenness, and victims often aren't able to care for themselves. Without prompt treatment, hypoglycemia can result in a coma or seizures. And, because your body is under increased stress when you are ill or injured, your blood sugar levels will need to be checked by the medical personnel who give you emergency care. Be sure to take good care of your teeth and floss regularly.

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What causes schizophrenia?

An interaction between something in your genes and something in your environment probably causes the disease. Researchers still have a lot to learn about it, but it's likely that many things play a role. Some, like exposure to a virus or malnutrition (according to one theory about causes), might have happened while you were still in your mother's womb. No one knows exactly why it usually crops up in late adolescence, but there are many theories.

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If you feel better, can you stop inotropic therapy medication?

Even if you feel well, do not discontinue your inotropic therapy medication from your intravenous catheter line or from your infusion pump without consulting your doctor. If you are discharged from the hospital with an inotropic medication, a home health nurse will provide specific directions on how to care for your intravenous site, catheter, and infusion pump.

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How are cataracts treated?

Symptoms of a cataract may include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contact lens prescription is all you need. Using brighter lights for reading or a magnifying glass may also help. If halos or glare are a problem, night driving may be difficult. Sunglasses and tinted lenses can improve driving comfort during the day. See your eye doctor for any concerns you have. If a cataract begins to interfere with your day-to-day life, an ophthalmologist specializing in cataract surgery can remove the cloudy lens and replace it with a clear lens implant.

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What is the treatment for dry eyes?

For mild dry eye, over-the-counter artificial tears may do the trick, along with self-care, such as increasing humidity. Prescription eye drops or other types of treatment may be best for more severe cases of dry eye. You should see your eye doctor if nonprescription drops don't relieve your dry-eye symptoms, since dry eyes can be a symptom of other eye problems.

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What are the symptoms of cataracts?

Symptoms of a cataract may include: Blurry, cloudy, or dim vision Double vision with one eye Trouble seeing at night or in dim light Halos around lights Sensitivity to light and glare Faded or yellow colors, or trouble telling the difference between blues and greens Trouble seeing an object against a background of the same color At earlier stages, simply changing your eyeglass or contact lens prescription is all you need.

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Besides presbyopia, cataracts, floaters, and dry eyes, what other eye changes accompany aging?

These are some other changes that are common with age: Pupils become smaller and don't open as well as they used to. Eyelids droop or become inflamed. This sometimes affects vision. You can make some adjustments to deal with these changes, such as: Use extra lighting and put shades on lightbulbs. Choose "high color" fluorescent bulbs with a color-rendering index of 80 or above. Wear glasses with anti-reflective coating. Get rid of distractions when driving. Get an eye exam at least once a year. Exercise regularly, don't smoke, and protect your eyes from ultraviolet rays and injury.

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How common is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

About 20% of adults in the U. S. experience symptoms such as heartburn and acid regurgitation at least once a week. But if you have heartburn frequently and it is untreated, your stomach's acid may inflame the lining of your esophagus or swallowing tube, potentially narrowing it.

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How can diet and lifestyle cause gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Fatty foods, mints, chocolate, alcohol, coffee, and tea, all relax the LES. So does nicotine from cigarettes or chewing tobacco. Hormonal changes associated with pregnancy can temporarily weaken the LES, too. Obesity can lead to GERD because the pressure of extra weight pushing on your abdomen may "overpower" the LES, allowing reflux to occur.

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What are the things that can cause gum pain?

Many things can cause your gums to be painful and sore -- but not all of them require a trip to the dentist. Sometimes tender and sore gums are simply a sign that you brush your teeth too hard. Other times your gums might hurt if they're irritated from braces or dentures. If you're a woman, hormone changes related to your period, pregnancy, or menopause can also cause your gums to become swollen and painful.

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What are the effects of multiple sclerosis?

The effects are often different for everyone who has the disease. Some people have mild symptoms and don't need treatment. Others will have trouble getting around and doing daily tasks.

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What can your doctor do to help with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Your doctor can also prescribe drugs that may slow the course of the disease, prevent or treat attacks, ease your symptoms, or help you manage the stress that can come with the condition.

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Is there a cure for multiple sclerosis?

There is no cure for MS right now, but a number of treatments can improve how you feel and keep your body working well.

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When do the first symptoms of multiple sclerosis start?

As a result, you may have symptoms like: Trouble walking Feeling tired Muscle weakness or spasms Blurred or double vision Numbness and tingling Sexual problems Poor bladder or bowel control Pain Depression Problems focusing or remembering The first symptoms often start between ages 20 and 40. Most people with MS have attacks, also called relapses, when the condition gets noticeably worse. They're usually followed by times of recovery when symptoms improve. For other people, the disease continues to get worse over time.

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Are there drugs that can slow the course of multiple sclerosis?

Your doctor can also prescribe drugs that may slow the course of the disease, prevent or treat attacks, ease your symptoms, or help you manage the stress that can come with the condition. Drugs that may slow your MS or help nerve damage include: Beta interferon ( Avonex, Betaseron, and Rebif) Copolymer-1 ( Copaxone) Dalfampridine ( Ampyra) Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) Your doctor may give you steroids to make your MS attacks shorter and less severe.

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What causes multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Doctors don't know for sure what causes MS, but there are many things that seem to make the disease more likely. People with certain genes may have higher chances of getting it. Smoking also may raise the risk.

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What are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

The damage means your brain can't send signals through your body correctly. Your nerves also don't work as they should to help you move and feel. As a result, you may have symptoms like: Trouble walking Feeling tired Muscle weakness or spasms Blurred or double vision Numbness and tingling Sexual problems Poor bladder or bowel control Pain Depression Problems focusing or remembering The first symptoms often start between ages 20 and 40.

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What is the outlook for multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Support groups are also great places to connect with other people living with MS. Research is giving doctors more treatment options for the condition, a better idea of what causes it, and the ability to diagnose it earlier. Stem-cell and genetic research may soon help doctors repair damaged nerves or stop the disease before it causes damage. Scientists are also looking for new ways to treat MS in clinical trials. These trials test new drugs to see if they're safe and if they work. They're often a way for people to try new medicine that isn't available to everyone. Ask your doctor if one of these trials might be a good fit for you.

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How can therapy help with multiple sclerosis (MS)?

An occupational therapist can teach you new ways to do certain tasks to make it easier to work and take care of yourself. If you have trouble getting around, a cane, walker, or braces can help you walk more easily.

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What are some symptoms of enthesitis?

Common spots for enthesitis to happen are around your heel, knee, hip, toe, elbow, backbone, and the bottom of your foot. The inflammation can lead to pain and stiffness, especially when you're moving. You also might notice swelling around those areas. Soreness at the back of your heel caused by enthesitis is sometimes called Achilles tendinitis or plantar fasciitis pain at the bottom of your foot. This pain can make it hard for you to run or climb stairs.

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What are the treatments that can help with enthesitis?

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), like naproxen and ibuprofen, can help with inflammation and pain. If the enthesitis is caused by an autoimmune arthritis, your doctor also may prescribe a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug ( DMARD) or biologics. He may recommend steroids for areas that are especially stiff or painful.

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When should you call a doctor about your child's diarrhea?

Your baby has diarrhea and is less than 3 months old You are worried that your child may be dehydrated or your child has had diarrhea for more than a few days. The diarrhea contains blood, mucous, or pus.

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What should I feed my child with diarrhea?

Feed toddlers mild foods in their regular diet. Avoid spicy or fried foods. Once the diarrhea stops, gradually return to a normal diet. Start with the BRAT diet -- Bananas, rice, applesauce, toast Call your pediatrician if your child's symptoms don't seem to be getting better or your child has signs of dehydration, such as crying without tears, fewer wet diapers than usual, urine that is darker than usual, or a sunken soft spot on the top of the head.

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What should my triglyceride level be?

Your doctor may recommend a goal of 150 mg/d L or less. Recently, though, The American Heart Association has suggested a lower level is best for health. That level is less than 100 mg/d L. 3.

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How long will I be on medicine for high triglycerides?

That depends. You may need to take meds indefinitely to keep your triglyceride levels out of the danger zone. Stick with your new healthy habits, and you may be able to work with your doctor to reduce the amount of medicine you take or stop it altogether.

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Whatâs the best way to lose weight?

Talk to your doctor about a weight loss plan that's best for you. Make positive changes, like choosing smaller portions, keeping a food diary, and limiting your snacks. Add physical activity to help boost your metabolism and burn fat.

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Why are high triglycerides dangerous?

They can increase your chances of having a heart attack or stroke, especially when you have a low level of HDL. They also make you more likely to develop diabetes. Here are some facts to keep in mind: You are on your way to being high risk if your number is between 151 and 200 mg/d L. You have a higher risk of heart disease if your number is above 200 mg/d L. Your doctor may prescribe medicine in addition to other steps you already take if your number is above 500 mg/d L. 4.

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How can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cause depression and anxiety?

Depression and anxiety: It's common for people who have IBS to feel like they're losing control over their lives. If your symptoms are bad, you may find yourself always trying to map out the nearest bathroom. Because there's a link between your brain and gut, this kind of stress can make your IBS worse. The pain and the awkward symptoms you're dealing with can affect your mood. It may help to talk to a counselor about what's going on with you.

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How can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affect your quality of life?

Also, you may have diarrhea for a time and then be constipated. Not being able to predict how you'll feel can make it hard to go about your daily life. You also probably need to see your doctor often and are likely to miss more work than other people. It may be harder to focus when you're at your job. Managing stress, for example through exercise or meditation, can help.

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How can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cause pregnancy complications?

Pregnancy complications: Hormone changes and the physical pressure a baby puts on the bowel wall can cause digestive issues. Many women also choose to stop any IBS drugs they're taking. This can be better for the baby.

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How can irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cause impacted bowel?

Here are some of the health issues it can cause: Impacted bowel: If you're constipated for a long time, stool can get blocked in your colon. Sometimes it can get so hard that you can't push it out. This is known as a fecal impaction. It can hurt and cause things like headache, nausea, and vomiting. It happens most often with older adults. See your doctor right away if you have signs this may be happening.

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How do blood tests work for allergies?

A small amount of your blood is taken and analyzed. A lab checks for proteins called antibodies that your immune system might make in response to something you're allergic to. These blood tests may not give you results as specific as those from a skin test. They also tend to be more expensive. Talk to your doctor to see if they're the right thing for you to get to the bottom of your allergies.

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Can ADHD symptoms be caused by anything else going on in my child's life?

The truth is, if she has the inattentive type of ADHD, she may be so distracted she just doesn't realize you're talking to her. Did the behaviors you're concerned about just pop up recently? Your child could just be shaken up because of a big life change, like a divorce, job loss, or death in the family. Medical problems, like serious ear infections, depression, or anxiety can cause ADHD-like symptoms, too.

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How can I find out for sure if my child has ADHD?

There's no single test for ADHD. Your child's pediatrician will want to know her symptoms and when they started. He may also want to do some tests to rule out other health problems that could change the way your child acts. He might also want to send your child to a children's mental health specialist, like a child psychologist or psychiatrist, for a more detailed checkup. These doctors may ask to speak to other adults in your child's life, like coaches or teachers. Only then -- if your child meets the criteria for ADHD -- will she be officially diagnosed.

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Can unresponsiveness be a sign that my child has ADHD?

If your child doesn't respond when you talk to her or even seem to notice you're there, you might wonder if she's hard of hearing. Or if she's simply ignoring you. The truth is, if she has the inattentive type of ADHD, she may be so distracted she just doesn't realize you're talking to her.

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Which areas do doctors recommend to have fine needle aspiration?

Doctors may recommend fine needle aspiration for areas such as: cysts (fluid-filled lumps) nodules or masses (solid lumps) enlarged lymph nodes Without a biopsy, it's usually hard for a doctor to confirm what these abnormal areas contain.

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Why do people get a fine needle aspiration?

The most common reason to get a fine needle aspiration is to test for cancer. Most fine needle aspirations are done on these areas: breast thyroid gland lymph nodes in the neck, groin, or armpit Those types of fine needle aspirations are performed through the skin.

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What over-the-counter pain medications can help with managing discomfort after a fine needle aspiration?

At the biopsy site, you may have some: swelling soreness pain In most people, over-the-counter pain medicines are enough to decrease discomfort. Examples include the generic drug acetaminophen. It is also sold under these brand names: Actamin Panadol Tylenol Final results of testing after a fine needle aspiration can take up to a week or longer.

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How do I know if I have age-related macular degeneration?

Your doctor can check you for age-related macular degeneration when you see him for a routine eye exam. An early diagnosis will let you start treatment that may delay some symptoms or make them less severe. He'll test your vision and also examine your retina -- a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that processes light. He'll look for tiny yellow deposits called drusen under the retina. It's a common early sign of the disease. Your doctor may also ask you to look at an Amsler grid -- a pattern of straight lines that's like a checkerboard. If some of the lines appear wavy to you or some of them are missing, it could be a sign of macular degeneration.

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What tests can determine if I have age-related macular degeneration?

If your doctor thinks you have age-related macular degeneration, he may want you to have one or both of these exams: Optical coherence tomography ( OCT). It's a special photograph that shows a magnified 3 D image of your retina. This method helps your doctor see if your retinal layers are distorted. He can also see if swelling is getting better or worse if you had treatment with injections or laser. Fluorescein angiography. In this procedure, your doctor injects a dye into a vein in your arm. He takes photos as the dye reaches your eye and flows through the blood vessels of the retina. The images will show new vessels or vessels that are leaking fluid or blood in the macula -- a small area at the center of your retina.

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What can I do to prevent bleeding and bruising during chemotherapy?

To prevent bleeding and bruising: Use an electric shaver instead of a razor. If you need to blow your nose, do it gently. Don't play rough sports. Don't use dental floss or toothpicks, which can make your gums bleed.

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Can medicine help with fatigue during chemotherapy?

This is common during chemotherapy. Some people feel just a little low in energy, while others feel wiped out. Depending on how tired you are, your doctor might give you medicines that treat other side effects that can make you feel tired, like depression, pain, and anemia. Studies have shown these drugs can boost energy in people with cancer.

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What habits will help with hair loss during chemotherapy?

You also can handle hair loss with a few other simple habits: Treat your hair and your scalp gently. That means mild shampoos, soft brushes, and no electric rollers, curling irons, dyes, or perms. Use moisturizing shampoo, conditioner, and cream on your hair before it falls out and later on your scalp. This will help with dryness and itching. Explore wigs, scarves, turbans, or hats to mask your hair loss. You might even want to shave your head before you start treatment.

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What habits will help with constipation and diarrhea during chemotherapy?

Other habits can also keep bathroom troubles at bay. For constipation, try high-fiber foods, exercise, and drinking lots of fluid. For diarrhea, low-fiber foods like white rice, oatmeal, and skinless chicken may help.

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Why does chemotherapy cause anemia?

You might get this blood condition during chemo, because some drugs can kill cells that form red blood cells in the bone marrow. It can also be a major cause of fatigue during treatment.

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Can you get nerve problems during chemotherapy?

If you feel numbness, tingling, weakness, burning, a pins-and-needles sensation, or pain in your hands and feet, it might mean your chemo drugs have damaged some nerves. Your doctor might give you a few different medicines to help.

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How can you manage nerve changes from chemotherapy?

If you feel numbness, tingling, weakness, burning, a pins-and-needles sensation, or pain in your hands and feet, it might mean your chemo drugs have damaged some nerves. Your doctor might give you a few different medicines to help. You can also try other tips: Always wear shoes to protect your feet. Wear gloves when you're cooking or working outside. Use bath mats in the shower. Use a cane to balance yourself.

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What foods help with anemia during chemotherapy?

Foods rich in iron, such as spinach, red meat, and beans, might help boost your energy, too.

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How can you treat fatigue from chemotherapy?

This is common during chemotherapy. Some people feel just a little low in energy, while others feel wiped out. Depending on how tired you are, your doctor might give you medicines that treat other side effects that can make you feel tired, like depression, pain, and anemia. Studies have shown these drugs can boost energy in people with cancer.

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How can you manage mouth and throat sores from chemotherapy?

Painful sores can make it hard to eat, and they can get infected. Ask your doctor about pain medicines and ointments. If you start having dry mouth, he might recommend treatments to help you make more saliva. Other tips: Visit your dentist 2 weeks before you start chemo to get any dental work done. Brush your teeth and tongue after every meal and before bed with a soft toothbrush or cotton swabs. Suck on ice chips right before or during a session.

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Where will chemotherapy cause hair loss?

Chemotherapy can make you lose hair not just on top of your head but in other places, like your eyebrows and eyelashes.

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What habits will help with nerve issues in the hands and feet during chemotherapy?

You can also try other tips: Always wear shoes to protect your feet. Wear gloves when you're cooking or working outside. Use bath mats in the shower. Use a cane to balance yourself.

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How is anemia from chemotherapy treated?

He might tell you to try a few treatments at once. If your anemia is severe, you might need a blood transfusion. In some cases, your doctor might prescribe drugs that prompt your body to make more red blood cells. Foods rich in iron, such as spinach, red meat, and beans, might help boost your energy, too.

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Why is risk of infection, bleeding, and bruising higher during chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy kills white blood cells, which fight germs, and platelets, which help your blood clot. As a result, you have a higher risk of infections, bleeding, and bruising (even if you haven't bumped yourself).

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Can my doctor help with mouth and throat sores during chemotherapy?

Painful sores can make it hard to eat, and they can get infected. Ask your doctor about pain medicines and ointments. If you start having dry mouth, he might recommend treatments to help you make more saliva.

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Can medication help with constipation and diarrhea during chemotherapy?

Try anti-diarrheal medicines or laxatives and stool softeners for constipation. You can get them over the counter or by prescription, but always talk to your doctor before you take them.

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What habits will help with mouth and throat sores during chemotherapy?

Other tips: Visit your dentist 2 weeks before you start chemo to get any dental work done. Brush your teeth and tongue after every meal and before bed with a soft toothbrush or cotton swabs. Suck on ice chips right before or during a session.

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What habits will help with nausea during chemotherapy?

Other tips: Eat several small meals throughout the day rather than three big ones. Drink liquids an hour before you eat rather than during the meal. Sip clear liquids all day long. Plan your eating around your chemo. For some people, a snack right before a session helps keep nausea away. Others do better on an empty stomach.

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Can medicine help with anemia during chemotherapy?

Your doctor might prescribe iron supplements, vitamin B12, or folic acid supplements. He might tell you to try a few treatments at once. If your anemia is severe, you might need a blood transfusion. In some cases, your doctor might prescribe drugs that prompt your body to make more red blood cells.

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What is golfer's elbow?

Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis) causes pain and inflammation in the tendons that connect the forearm to the elbow. The pain centers on the bony bump on the inside of your elbow and may radiate into the forearm. It can usually be treated effectively with rest.

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What do high bilirubin levels mean for newborns?

High bilirubin levels are common in newborns.

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What causes high total bilirubin?

High total bilirubin may be caused by: Anemia Cirrhosis A reaction to a blood transfusion Gilbert syndrome -- a common, inherited condition in which there is a deficiency of an enzyme that helps to break down bilirubin. Viral hepatitis A reaction to drugs Alcoholic liver disease Gallstones Very strenuous exercise, such as marathon running, can increase your bilirubin levels.

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When should I call the doctor if my kid is having breathing problems?

Is younger than 1 year old and still has trouble breathing after you cleaned out her nose Has been diagnosed with bronchiolitis (a common lung infection in children) or a reactive airways disease (such as asthma or a condition like asthma) episode Has trouble breathing or is breathing very fast when not coughing Has severe coughing attacks or continuous coughing Is wheezing or making a high-pitched whistle sound when breathing out or in Can't take a deep breath because of chest pain or coughed-up blood Has a fever that persists Flares her nostrils or draws in her chest muscles to breathe Is sluggish Is vomiting and can't keep fluids down Has a cold where the symptoms rapidly worsen Give babies plenty of breast milk or formula.

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When should I get medical attention if my kid is having breathing problems?

Is gasping for breath Can't cry or talk because of breathing trouble Grunts when breathing Has blue lips May have a small object caught in her throat Is breathing very fast Looks very sick Breathing problems are common in young children, but in some cases they can be serious. Is younger than 1 year old and still has trouble breathing after you cleaned out her nose Has been diagnosed with bronchiolitis (a common lung infection in children) or a reactive airways disease (such as asthma or a condition like asthma) episode Has trouble breathing or is breathing very fast when not coughing Has severe coughing attacks or continuous coughing Is wheezing or making a high-pitched whistle sound when breathing out or in Can't take a deep breath because of chest pain or coughed-up blood Has a fever that persists Flares her nostrils or draws in her chest muscles to breathe Is sluggish Is vomiting and can't keep fluids down Has a cold where the symptoms rapidly worsen Give babies plenty of breast milk or formula.

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How can a back brace help a child with scoliosis?

If your child's curve measures between 20 and 40 degrees, his doctor might recommend that he wear a back brace to help stop its progress as he grows. But a brace can't correct a curve. Braces may be made of hard plastic. These can stay rigid or be elastic and move easily. The kind your child needs will depend on how severe his curve is and where it's located. He may wear the brace between 16 and 23 hours a day, until he finishes growing. The goal is to control the curve so he won't need surgery.

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How can surgery help degenerative scoliosis?

Surgery can improve your spinal balance and relieve nerve pressure on your spine, which helps with pain. The bones in your spine may be fused together to correct its alignment. After spinal surgery, you'll need plenty of time to recover, many follow-up visits to your doctor, and physical therapy. Before your operation, talk with your family and friends about the kind of support you'll need as you get better. Some people choose to stay in a nursing home or rehabilitation facility for a while after surgery.

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What are treatment categories for scoliosis?

Your scoliosis treatment will fall into one of three categories: Observation Nonsurgical options, such as a brace Surgery Mild curves, like those found in 90% of scoliosis cases, typically don't require treatment.

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Does vitamin C treat or prevent colds?

Vitamin C has been studied for many years as a possible treatment for colds, or as a way to help prevent colds. But findings have been inconsistent.

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What is vitamin C?

Vitamin C also assists in the formation of collagen and helps the body absorb iron. Vitamin C is found naturally in vegetables and fruits, especially oranges and other citrus fruits. This key vitamin is also available as a natural dietary supplement in the form of vitamin C pills and vitamin C chewable tablets.

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Why can't children use cough medicine, decongestants, or antihistamines?

So if he's that young, don't give him: Cough medicine Decongestants Antihistamines Evidence suggests these cold medicines don't really help, and they have a small risk of serious side effects. Between 1969 and 2006 there were reports that 60 young children died from decongestants or antihistamines. Since there's no proof that kids' cold medicines help children, some think any risk, no matter how slight, isn't worth it. Most colds run their course in 5 to 10 days -- with or without treatment.

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When should I call the doctor if my child has a common cold?

Ask your child's doctor if you're not sure if a medicine is right for your child.

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What does the pain from your SI joint feel like?

It could be a dull or sharp. It starts at your SI joint, but it can move to your buttocks, thighs, groin, or upper back. Sometimes standing up triggers the pain, and a lot of times you feel it only on one side of your lower back. You may notice that it bothers you more in the morning and gets better during the day. It's more common than you might think. About 15%-30% of people who hurt like this have a problem with the SI joint.

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What causes SI joint pain?

The pain starts when your SI joint gets inflamed. There are several reasons it could happen. You could hurt it when you play sports or if you fall down. You might also get this problem from an activity that gives the area a regular pounding, like jogging. Do you take uneven strides when you walk because one of your legs is longer than the other? That could be a cause of SI joint pain. Sometimes you start hurting when the ligaments that hold your SI joint together are damaged, which may make the joint move abnormally. Arthritis can lead to the problem. A type that affects your spine, called ankylosing spondylitis, can damage the SI joint. You'll also hurt when the cartilage over the SI joint slowly wears away as you age. SI joint pain may also start if you're pregnant. Your body releases hormones that cause your joints to loosen up and move more, which leads to changes in the way the joints move.

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How can chiropractic treatment help with SI joint pain?

Adjustments by a chiropractor can help relieve pain. He'll use techniques that move your muscles and joints.

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What is the SI joint?

There are two of them in your lower back, and they sit on each side of your spine. Their main job is to carry the weight of your upper body when you stand or walk and shift that load to your legs.

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How can physical therapy help with SI joint pain?

Exercises can improve strength and make you more flexible. You'll learn to correct any habits you might have picked up when you were trying to avoid pain, like walking with a limp or leaning to one side. Your therapist may try ultrasound, heat and cold treatments, massage, and stretching.