id
stringlengths 32
32
| question
stringlengths 12
164
| answers
stringlengths 5
3.27k
|
|---|---|---|
719dfb65818d7d981bc27b2cc6e0de8a | What is conduct disorder? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Conduct disorder is a serious behavioral and emotional disorder that can occur in children and teens. A child with this disorder may display a pattern of disruptive and violent behavior and have problems following rules. It is not uncommon for children and teens to have behavior-related problems at some time during their development. However, the behavior is considered to be a conduct disorder when it is long-lasting and when it violates the rights of others, goes against accepted norms of behavior and disrupts the child's or family's everyday life. The exact cause of conduct disorder is not known, but it is believed that a combination of biological, genetic, environmental, psychological, and social factors play a role. |
78f67c4f527730a9171e98b26180f066 | How is trigeminal neuralgia related to geriatric headaches and migraines? | Headaches are the most common symptom of temporal (giant cell) arteritis, or TA, a disease that causes your arteries -- blood vessels that carry oxygen from your heart to the rest of your body -- to swell and narrow. In a small number of cases, the pain is caused by a tumor pressing on the trigeminal nerve. |
e2b8cd9039726b622745f0cf44308ad1 | What is postherpetic neuralgia? | TA is more common in people older than age 50. When there is pressure on the trigeminal nerve, which controls facial feeling, it can cause excruciating pain in the lower part of the face, around the nose, and above the eye. Shingles that involves the face nearly doubles the risk of developing facial posterherpetic neuralgia. |
40b0b9c9afb0260c2a00c47a847442f1 | How common are headaches and migraines in older people? | Migraines tend to disappear with age, too. At age 70, only 10% of women and 5% of men experience them. The condition is more common in people older than age 50 and is seen more in women than men. |
b6a67d6623190427eb23a164db5d60ad | Why is breastfeeding best for your baby? | Breast milk is the perfect food for baby, with numerous advantages over baby formula, especially in the first four months or so. It may protect against allergies and asthma in the future. |
f54379a92489a329863616cf33c57355 | What's the best baby formula? | With all these advantages of breast milk, should you feel guilty if you choose not to breastfeed? Most formulas are pretty much the same. More expensive does not necessarily mean better. Just be sure to check that it's iron fortified when you buy a formula. There is a lot of evidence that iron deficiency in the first years adversely affects brain development. And side effects from iron (gas, constipation, discomfort) while much discussed, are actually very rare. Pick whichever type of formula -- powder, concentrate, or ready-to-feed -- best suits your needs. There is no nutritional difference between them. |
d7cd5cd8a85d8902fdcdc6642ee63f6f | Can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help prevent menstrual migraine? | When you have four or more migraines every month, your doctor may suggest you take a "preventive" medicine, instead of waiting to treat painful symptoms after they start. You may not be able to take beta-blockers if you have asthma or diabetes. Your doctor may suggest a different type of preventive medicine if you have certain types of migraines with auras. |
96de5eede2c205a32189b00ff1bd5eb8 | What are preventive medicines for migraine? | These drugs lower the chances that you'll have migraines in the first place. And when you do get one, it'll likely be briefer and less severe. Migraine affects everyone differently. Because of that, you may need to try more than one thing to find the treatment that's right for you. Your doctor will probably consider when and how often you get migraines and what other health problems you have. Your doctor may suggest a different type of preventive medicine if you have certain types of migraines with auras. |
16a4114b0ce668ac76334022056367df | What happens after a biopsy for colorectal cancer? | You may take medication to make you sleepy and relaxed before the procedure. You can expect to feel some discomfort and have some light bleeding for a day or two. Serious complications are rare, but it is possible to get an infection or injury to your colon or rectum. |
9a4ef86e18025af8bd3333230a52ac77 | What should you do if you have a positive result on a screening test for that is not colonoscopy? | If you have a positive result on a screening test that is not a colonoscopy, further evaluation should be performed on a timely basis with a colonoscopy test to take a look at your entire colon. You may need additional testing before you and your doctor can determine the best treatment plan. |
0710e982c771646f40ca1047beb0a1c8 | What are symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis? | Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. But the disease can worsen over a few months or many years. Later, you might feel tired or have itchy skin or dry eyes and mouth. As the disease gets worse, you might notice: Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice) Swollen feet and ankles Pain and swelling in your abdomen Bone, muscle, or joint pain Darkened skin If you have any of these symptoms, your doctor might suggest blood tests. |
df0250271d466a91c468dbbf9d824a3a | How is primary biliary cholangitis diagnosed? | Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. They'll tell her how well your liver works and if you have any immune system issues. She may also want you to have imaging tests like an ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, or endoscopy ( ERCP). These provide a more detailed look at your liver and the area around it. She'll remove a small piece of liver tissue and examine it in the lab to look for damage or disease. |
583fde8de85a6ab09a0b3327829dc5b8 | How does primary biliary cholangitis develop? | Primary biliary cholangiitis is a disease damages the bile ducts in your liver. The bile backs up, and your liver gets inflamed and maybe even scarred. Over time, the scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue, and the organ doesn't work the way it should. This is usually a slow and gradual process. Your liver does OK for a while. And you'll take medications to help it work better and manage your symptoms. But the disease can worsen over a few months or many years. One day, you may need a liver transplant. |
34585ef2add4536fec910f002680a5b5 | What causes migraines? | Doctors don't know the exact cause of migraine headaches, although they seem to be related to changes in the brain as well as to genes that run in families. You can even inherit the triggers that give you migraine headaches, like fatigue, bright lights, weather changes, and others. For many years, scientists believed migraines resulted from changes in blood flow in the brain. Many now think that they happen because of flaws in the brain passed down from your parents. Migraine with aura (known as "classic" migraine) Migraine without aura (known as "common" migraine) An aura can start 1 hour before the pain and usually last for 15 minutes to 1 hour. |
dd1f8e08bd321c0e9bcae06dfbf0b5fc | How are preventative medicines used for migraines? | CGRP causes blood vessels in the lining of the brain to swell. The pain may affect the back of your head. If the headache begins slowly, biofeedback can stop the attack before it becomes full blown. |
c56bdf7b26c237dead40a897ed6c265f | My child has Down syndrome. How can I help them feel in control of their life? | It's important for all kids to feel like they have some control over their lives. For example, you can: Let your child make choices when it makes sense to. This can be as simple as letting him choose what clothes to wear. Allow him to take reasonable risks. You need to protect your children, but also let them see what they can handle. Support him in solving problems, like how to deal with an issue with friends or approach a problem at school. You don't have to fix it for them, but help them do it themselves. |
b4fe94ba5f86b55189307d4ab9d57582 | My child has Down syndrome. What are some tips for helping them at school? | To help your child with school, you might: Avoid saying â That's wrongâ to correct mistakes. As you work with doctors, therapists, and teachers, focus on your child's needs rather than on the condition. Look at what your child is learning at school and see if you can work those lessons into your home life. When you talk to your child, keep it simple -- the fewer steps, the better. Let's get your teeth brushed, face washed, pajamas on, and pick out some books.â Have your child repeat directions back to you so you know you've been understood. Name and talk about things your child seems to get excited about. |
14cf6f939ab234ed4b7f92e1630cb1ef | My child has Down syndrome. What are tips for coping with that? | Along the way, maybe you talk with other parents whose kids have Down syndrome so you can learn tips and find out what to expect. And, as your child grows, you can work with doctors, therapists, teachers, and other specialists. Beyond these big-picture tasks, it can also help to know what you can do day to day. Every family has their joys, stresses, and challenges, but when you have a child with Down syndrome, things look a little different. To help your child with school, you might: Avoid saying â That's wrongâ to correct mistakes. |
c854030966f7c093a64eb24a105e82eb | How can I manage fatigue? | You can also keep track of your problems: MS symptoms tend to come and go or get worse over time. Talk to your doctor if you just can't seem to feel rested. |
301dad5cda9e329c85f62002d8f25d97 | Does numbness or tingling mean I have multiple sclerosis (MS)? | First, keep in mind that most people have the first signs of the disease between the ages of 20 and 40. It usually happens in the face, arms, or legs, and on one side of the body. It also tends to go away on its own. Numbness and tingling can also come from a lack of blood flow or a pinched nerve, so think first if you slept in a funny position or sat without moving for a long time. Other conditions can lead to nerve damage, too: Carpal tunnel syndrome affects the wrist, while diabetic neuropathy can trigger numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet or hands. |
d1524083a38183534d2cba9645671655 | What does it mean if I feel weak all over my body? | MS can make you feel lightheaded or off-balance, usually when you're standing up and moving around. Or you may have too few red blood cells in your body, a condition called anemia. He can help you know if the cause is MS or another problem. |
c877e989e3d5099f02e386876b1cd92c | Is numbness or tingling a sign of multiple sclerosis? | First, keep in mind that most people have the first signs of the disease between the ages of 20 and 40. It usually happens in the face, arms, or legs, and on one side of the body. It also tends to go away on its own. |
a13e953323d66087c9b719d8190cf738 | When should I see my doctor about multiple sclerosis (MS)? | Sudden numbness on one side of the body may signal a stroke. Don't have these signs? If your symptoms are out of the ordinary for you and last for more than a day, make an appointment to see your doctor. She can talk to you about what you're feeling and do some tests to see if your issues are because of MS or another health problem. |
c478edd6da02e2136b45da255f880533 | When should I see my doctor for sudden numbness on one side of my body or trouble seeing or speaking? | Sudden numbness on one side of the body may signal a stroke. Don't have these signs? If your symptoms are out of the ordinary for you and last for more than a day, make an appointment to see your doctor. She can talk to you about what you're feeling and do some tests to see if your issues are because of MS or another health problem. |
89c7c4d09c993d99aa45d85f411db526 | What is short bowel syndrome? | Those with short bowel syndrome usually have at least half of their small intestine missing or removed. Some babies are born with bowel problems that damage parts of the intestine. Doctors may remove the small intestine as part of a treatment for: Crohn's disease, a lifelong inflammatory bowel disease that causes belly pain, diarrhea, and other digestive problems Cancer Damage from cancer treatment, like radiation therapy Bowel injury The main symptom of short bowel syndrome is diarrhea that doesn't go away. You can become dehydrated, and there's a chance your body won't get enough nutrients. |
70f196eb81d55559686cf3a0b13275cf | What can my doctor do to help my allergies? | But you can work around it and reduce your allergy symptoms. When you get the results, you might consider asking about immunotherapy, such as allergy shots or tablets that go under your tongue. They can help keep your allergies under control no matter what the weather or the season. |
dab6aef27f132a7cb498df4790147962 | Can I prepare for allergy problems? | The moisture weighs down the pollen, keeping it on the ground. Ask your doctor if you can start taking allergy drugs about 2 weeks before you usually start sneezing, coughing, or itching. That way, you can stop them before they start. |
76c9878f4ab6869e638868de8b7a0587 | How does my doctor diagnose ureaplasma infection? | Most healthy women have these bacteria in their cervix or vagina, and a smaller number of men also have them in their urethra. Problems in newborn babies can include: Low birth weight Pneumonia Bacteria in the blood, called septicemia To diagnose a ureaplasma infection, your doctor can take a sample of fluid from: Blood Amniotic fluid Placental tissue Cervix Urethra Your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic to treat the infection. |
4d2bebcbdcba2b670f7fdc2967bcffb0 | How do I treat mycoplasma genitalium? | If you're infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may get symptoms like: Sore throat Cough Fever Fatigue Headache To treat your infection, your doctor may suggest one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline You get this if you have sex with someone who's infected. For treatment, you may need to take one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline Your partner may need to get treated, too. There's a little bit of trial and error when you take these meds, because sometimes the bacteria don't respond to them. If the first drug doesn't work, your doctor can prescribe a different one. You can help prevent Mycoplasma genitalium if you use a condom during sex. To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra. |
f0495152538be0a538cd4cf3cd80ca35 | What antibiotics will the doctor prescribe if I'm infected with ureaplasma urealyticum or ureaplasma parvum? | To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra. Most healthy women have these bacteria in their cervix or vagina, and a smaller number of men also have them in their urethra. Choices may include: Fluoroquinolones like moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline If you were infected while pregnant, your newborn baby may also need to get antibiotics. |
65d8ab04271e9d31ae66c9297bd5ac52 | What are the symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae, a type of mycoplasma infection? | The ones you may have to worry about are: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma genitalium Mycoplasma hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum Ureaplasma parvum This type causes lung infections. Most people, especially children, will get "tracheobronchitis," a fancy name for a chest cold. If you're infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may get symptoms like: Sore throat Cough Fever Fatigue Headache To treat your infection, your doctor may suggest one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline You get this if you have sex with someone who's infected. |
55cac07a8693c35c7b85518dc04bba4e | How do I know if I'm infected with mycoplasma hominis? | These bacteria live in the urinary tract and genitals of about half of all women and fewer men. To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra. If you do, you'll get treated with antibiotics such as one in the tetracycline family, like doxycycline. To help keep this infection away, always use a condom during sex. And limit how many partners you have. |
d643d666518e88b861c590a8a0b2b8ce | How does a person get mycoplasma genitalium, a type of mycoplasma infection? | If you're infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may get symptoms like: Sore throat Cough Fever Fatigue Headache To treat your infection, your doctor may suggest one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline You get this if you have sex with someone who's infected. Some people don't have any symptoms. To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra. |
5e2fbe49c887cdd4c4e970c121ac564a | What are ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum, and how does a person get infected? | These bacteria live in the urinary tract and genitals of about half of all women and fewer men. Normally, they don't cause any problems. Ureaplasma can spread during sex. If you're pregnant and you're infected, you can pass the bacteria to your baby in the womb or during childbirth. |
72d53361ce5df5c4e58e9c81bbf89052 | What are the symptoms of mycoplasma genitalium in women? | If you're infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may get symptoms like: Sore throat Cough Fever Fatigue Headache To treat your infection, your doctor may suggest one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline You get this if you have sex with someone who's infected. Some people don't have any symptoms. If you're a woman, you may notice that you: Have pain during sex Bleed from the vagina after sex Get a discharge from the vagina If you're a man, the infection can cause: Urethritis -- a swelling of the urethra, the tube that urine goes through as it leaves the body Stinging or burning when you pee Discharge from the penis To find out if you're infected, your doctor may do a test called NAAT to look for the bacteria's genes. To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra. |
501df8915ed604006de25affb04464ce | What are some symptoms of ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum infection? | These bacteria live in the urinary tract and genitals of about half of all women and fewer men. Some symptoms women can get are: It hurts when you pee Belly pain Pain, odor, or discharge from the vagina Swelling at the opening of the urethra Discharge from the urethra Men who are infected can get inflammation of the urethra, called urethritis. |
0ea481407a744ab7f9cfad375e133503 | What are the symptoms of mycoplasma genitalium in men? | If you're infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, you may get symptoms like: Sore throat Cough Fever Fatigue Headache To treat your infection, your doctor may suggest one of these types of antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones like levofloxacin or moxifloxacin Macrolides such as azithromycin or erythromycin Tetracyclines like doxycycline You get this if you have sex with someone who's infected. Some people don't have any symptoms. If you're a woman, you may notice that you: Have pain during sex Bleed from the vagina after sex Get a discharge from the vagina If you're a man, the infection can cause: Urethritis -- a swelling of the urethra, the tube that urine goes through as it leaves the body Stinging or burning when you pee Discharge from the penis To find out if you're infected, your doctor may do a test called NAAT to look for the bacteria's genes. To find out if you have an infection caused by this type of bacteria, your doctor will test a sample of fluid from your vagina or urethra. |
507d548eb6a1cb19bbfb00b70ad9ffd4 | What are the treatments for chemical pneumonia? | In chemical pneumonia, inflammation of lung tissue is from poisons or toxins. Frequently, the symptoms will be mild, the chemical will be well known, and the medical evaluation brief and focused. Many treatments are possible, including the following: IV fluids Oxygen by mask or tube Breathing treatment with medicine to open breathing tubes Steroid medications by IV or mouth Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by mouth Pain medications by IV or mouth Artificial ventilation (help breathing) Preventive antibiotics (sometimes) Prognosis depends on the chemical exposure and person's medical condition. |
d5da7c1e69113b2d4ea8505558fe53bf | What is chemical pneumonia? | Pneumonia usually is caused by a bacteria or virus. In chemical pneumonia, inflammation of lung tissue is from poisons or toxins. Only a small percentage of pneumonias are caused by chemicals. Chemical pneumonia is only one type of lung inflammation. |
f860bcc650ed182db04aff770fbcf35c | What causes narcolepsy? | Some experts think narcolepsy may be due to a deficiency in the production of a chemical called hypocretin by the brain. In addition, researchers have discovered abnormalities in various parts of the brain involved in regulating REM sleep. These abnormalities apparently contribute to symptom development. According to experts, it is likely narcolepsy involves multiple factors that interact to cause neurological dysfunction and REM sleep disturbances. However, none of the major symptoms is exclusive to narcolepsy. |
b5dd6bd55795be467933c1c83a0d8913 | What are the symptoms of narcolepsy? | People with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness and intermittent, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep during the daytime. It is in REM sleep that we can experience dreams and muscle paralysis -- which explains some of the symptoms of narcolepsy. It can cause symptoms ranging from slurred speech to total body collapse, depending on the muscles involved, and is often triggered by intense emotions such as surprise, laughter, or anger. Hallucinations : Usually, these delusional experiences are vivid and frequently frightening. The content is primarily visual, but any of the other senses can be involved. These are called hypnagogic hallucinations when accompanying sleep onset and hypnopompic hallucinations when they occur during awakening. Sleep paralysis : This symptom involves the temporary inability to move or speak while falling asleep or waking up. These episodes are generally brief, lasting a few seconds to several minutes. After episodes end, people rapidly recover their full capacity to move and speak. |
049b226e07967a6c05e5cd81b11676ae | How is narcolepsy treated? | The content is primarily visual, but any of the other senses can be involved. Although there is no cure for narcolepsy, the most disabling symptoms of the disorder ( EDS and symptoms of abnormal REM sleep, such as cataplexy) can be controlled in most people with drug treatment. Sleepiness is treated with amphetamine-like stimulants, while the symptoms of abnormal REM sleep are treated with antidepressant drugs. There has recently been a new medication approved for those who suffer from narcolepsy with cataplexy. This drug, called sodium oxybate ( Xyrem, helps people with narcolepsy get a better night's sleep, allowing them to be less sleepy during the day. Lifestyle adjustments such as avoiding caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and heavy meals, regulating sleep schedules, scheduling daytime naps (10-15 minutes in length), and establishing a normal exercise and meal schedule may also help to reduce symptoms. |
39840bbe4cf490ea3511d2938effee2e | Is it possible to survive breast cancer? | If you don't catch it early, melanoma is much more likely than other skin cancers to spread to other body parts. Modern medicine has made great strides against breast cancer. Doctors today know more about how to find and treat it. We also understand the condition much better than ever before. For instance, we now know that breast cancer is not one disease but many. |
899a8e1b660b1ae83a4a1eee035b1d3d | Does screening for breast cancer help the chances of recovery? | That benchmark doesn't mean you can't die from cancer or even that you don't still have it in your body, but it is a good sign. PSA can go up for reasons other than prostate cancer, so some medical groups say men who have a normal risk for the disease shouldn't get the test. Some recommend screening tests every other year starting at age 50 if you have a normal risk for breast cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends women starting at age 45 get yearly mammograms and those ages 40 â 44 should have the choice to begin yearly mammograms if they would like. |
8c0e69abcd1387f00514fcd018aa9058 | What makes the chances of recovery from testicular cancer good? | If a man has only one testicle removed (which is the norm), the other will usually make enough hormones for him to have sex and father children. For later-stage cancers, surgery and radiation or chemotherapy often work well. There are treatments that work well even for advanced testicular cancer. If it hasn't spread beyond the surface of the skin, doctors can remove and cure it with surgery. |
ec9892735346cd38e283d4436242a7d8 | What makes the chances of recovery from thyroid cancer good? | The most common type of thyroid cancer, papillary, grows slowly. Even when tumors are large or start to grow into other nearby tissues, doctors often can treat and even cure this disease with surgery that removes the gland. After surgery, people take medicine to replace the hormones the thyroid makes. Doctors also are finding thyroid cancers earlier than ever before, which makes them easier to get rid of. It's especially important to check your back and your scalp, scrotum, and in between your toes. |
548cf7142b37b9c7e53044a69e9c5988 | How can I test for prostate cancer? | One is the digital rectal exam, when your doctor checks inside your bottom with a gloved finger. The second is a blood test called the PSA test, which measures levels of a protein that's often higher in men with prostate cancer. PSA can go up for reasons other than prostate cancer, so some medical groups say men who have a normal risk for the disease shouldn't get the test. Talk with your doctor about whether you need testing. There are no screening tests for testicular cancer. |
a739088758b228c9c2ab8c34f28d581c | Is it possible to survive prostate cancer? | When that happens, they aren't harmful enough to need treatment. Many men with these types of tumors can live for years without problems. They often die of something other than their cancer. People alive 5 years after a diagnosis: 91.7% What makes the chances of recovery good? Only 15%-20% of people who find melanomas after they've spread to other body parts will still be alive 5 years after their diagnosis. |
2815bb4269a181124de6b8db4d848126 | How do age-related hormones affect blood sugar in men with diabetes? | Women will create less estrogen and progesterone, and men often produce less of the sex hormone testosterone. This can be a sign that your hormones are going down and you may need less insulin. Testosterone therapy can improve your blood sugar levels. |
6fc3c12426801411601710b09510fc59 | Why are women with diabetes more likely to have urinary tract and vaginal infections? | You may reach menopause early if you have type 1 diabetes, but if you're overweight and have type 2, your changes could start later. Estrogen levels go down during menopause, causing vaginal dryness and other things. |
91de5fca4d1689245a6c9874516e99b0 | How does age affect your blood sugar if you have diabetes? | And as you age, your body doesn't use the insulin it makes as well as it did when you were younger. If you have type 1 diabetes, you may notice low blood sugar levels more often as you get closer to menopause. |
4d03d01683dde382c172fd20d61784d9 | How does rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affect the body? | It causes inflammation in the lining of your joints (the synovium). Immune system cells move from the blood into your joints and the tissue that lines them. Once the cells arrive, they create inflammation. Your joints become painful, swollen, and warm to the touch. As you lose cartilage, the space between your bones narrows. As time goes on, they could rub against each other or move out of place. The cells that cause inflammation also make substances that damage your bones. |
b08793c19f68c0343b070ed20841ab2a | Do people with rheumatoid arthritis have rheumatoid-factor antibody in their blood? | Rheumatoid arthritis is diagnosed from a combination of things, including: The location and symmetry of painful joints, especially the hand joints Joint stiffness in the morning Bumps and nodules under the skin (rheumatoid nodules) Results of X-rays and blood tests In addition to checking for joint problems, your doctor will also do blood tests to diagnose RA. Rheumatoid factor ( RF): Most, but not all, people with rheumatoid arthritis have this antibody in their blood. |
6b73d5906e090b5bf72bc88484d5345c | How is rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosed? | There is no single test that shows whether you have RA. Your doctor will give you a checkup, ask you about your symptoms, and possibly perform X-rays and blood tests. Rheumatoid arthritis is diagnosed from a combination of things, including: The location and symmetry of painful joints, especially the hand joints Joint stiffness in the morning Bumps and nodules under the skin (rheumatoid nodules) Results of X-rays and blood tests In addition to checking for joint problems, your doctor will also do blood tests to diagnose RA. Rheumatoid factor ( RF): Most, but not all, people with rheumatoid arthritis have this antibody in their blood. |
071d76a5c9f89c32b2085bd8cd2b4e69 | How can you have confused thoughts and speech if you have schizophrenia? | They might not be able to follow along when you talk to them. Instead, it might seem like they're zoning out or distracted. When they talk, their words can come out jumbled and not make sense. Someone with schizophrenia might have a hard time with their working memory. |
35f224f9d20ad810481dfc2fdc3df850 | What are negative symptoms in schizophrenia? | The person may not seem to enjoy anything anymore. They can be hard to spot, especially in teens, because even healthy teens can have big emotional swings between highs and lows. These symptoms reflect how well the person's brain learns, stores, and uses information. |
33c4d77aca963e691d03dbb34f4d90be | How does young age affect risk for the flu? | It's normal for a tot to get as many as six to eight colds a year, along with ear and sinus infections, bronchitis, and croup. Seniors also have a higher risk for getting other problems along with the flu. |
ac99777cc963e49c6f695cddcaa58fcc | Is there a flu vaccine for seniors? | In addition, there is a âneedle-lessâ option for people 18-64 years old: the jet injector vaccine with Afluria, which uses a tool with high pressure to deliver the vaccine. Scrub them clean for about 20 seconds -- as long as it takes to sing â Happy Birthdayâ twice. That means it can do a better job of getting an older immune system up and running. |
717386d1e4bc5dc31f88b0713a9722e8 | What are the different types of ovarian pain? | Pain in the ovaries can either be acute or chronic. Chronic ovarian pain usually starts more gradually. Or it may come and go. It may get worse with certain activities, such as exercise or urination. It can be so mild that you hardly notice it. Or pain in the ovaries can be so severe that it interferes with daily life. |
c7e7601f73e24e9cf6b2707777121f30 | How can ovarian tumors form? | Pain in the ovaries can either be acute or chronic. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form in the ovaries. |
906ed479b1809321d499eb30dea8fe8d | How is chemotherapy used to treat ovarian tumors? | Chemotherapy involves drugs given through a vein ( IV), by mouth, or directly into the abdomen. The drugs kill cancer cells. These side effects should go away after the treatment is stopped. These can include inflamed skin, nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue. |
afd7637829e058a4e9102dccece03e6d | What conditions can cause ovarian pain? | That means if you have ovarian pain, you'll most likely feel it in your lower abdomen -- below your belly button -- and pelvis. It's important to have any pelvic pain checked out by your regular doctor or obstetrician/gynecologist. Several different conditions can cause it. The pill prevents the monthly buildup of endometrial tissue on the ovaries and anywhere else the endometriosis may be in the abdomen and pelvis. |
fd0372cf0b0e32f42094473667888ab6 | How does endometriosis lead to ovarian pain? | It can happen when the egg is not released or when the sac -- follicle -- holding the egg doesn't dissolve after the egg is released. In some women, tissue like the lining of the uterus develops elsewhere in the body. This tissue swells and bleeds each month. It has nowhere to shed, though, and may form scar tissue that can be very painful. Surgery to remove the uterus and ovaries is known as hysterectomy and oophorectomy. |
9985e271886112d4429f3d14b465c80f | How is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) diagnosed? | These scans may help the doctor to spot endometriosis, if there is an endometrioma, a benign cyst, on the ovary or ovaries. Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID) is an infection in the ovaries, uterus, or fallopian tubes. These lab tests can help identify the infection. So can cultures of any discharge seen during a pelvic exam. Ultrasound. This test creates an image of the pelvic area so the doctor can see if the reproductive organs are enlarged. The doctor can also see if there is a pocket of infection known as an abscess. Laparoscopy. Occasionally this procedure, which uses a thin lighted scope inserted into a tiny hole in the abdomen, is used to confirm the diagnosis. |
922bfcf8a4d951296d07ff5ca7e43092 | Why should you go for hot foods when traveling? | Here are some tips to avoid food poisoning no matter where you are in the world: Go for hot foods: Heat kills germs. Eat packaged or dry foods: Many of the bugs that cause food poisoning prefer moisture. Go for bottled, canned, or hot drinks: Carbonated drinks are a good choice, because the bubbles will tell you it's been sealed properly. Avoid the following: Raw food Local wild game Tap water and ice in developing countries Breastfeed your baby if possible. |
a317cce79d2f460d8322cfeb707130a6 | How can you prevent food poisoning from eggs and dairy? | Some tips: Don't drink unpasteurized milk. Pasteurized foods are heated before being sold to kill bacteria. Avoid soft cheeses such as feta, brie, camembert, blue-veined, and Mexican-style cheese -- or other unpasteurized cheeses. Hard cheeses, processed cheeses, cream cheese, and cottage cheese are safe. Check the expiration dates on eggs before purchasing and again before preparing. A couple of other food-related tips: Don't set out eggs, meats, poultry, seafood, or milk at room temperature for long. |
c6f0537067210c62db6ea7199fa72eaa | Can surgery help treat ulcerative colitis (UC)? | Your doctor may suggest an operation if your UC is severe and you don't get enough help from other treatments, like medicines and changes in your diet. It could also be an option to help you prevent colon cancer. You'll still go to the bathroom often, but probably not as much as before the operation. |
36a03b634e43fc909575850176898402 | What does a computerized tomography (CT) of the heart and calcium scores indicate for heart disease? | This imaging test can spot calcium deposits in vessels on your heart. More calcium means more coronary atherosclerosis -- a hardening and narrowing of your arteries. Your doctor can use this info to figure out what a safe level of exercise is for you. |
0c0e705638567bca22e5cee2c60f2d0a | What causes scaly skin? | New skin cells grow faster than normal, but old skin cells fail to fall off. White, oily flakes of dead skin in your hair and on your shoulders and, sometimes, an itchy scalp are signs of regular dandruff. You could get this scaly skin problem if you spend too much time in a tanning bed or unprotected in the sun. It can flake off, and your skin may feel normal again. Certain medicines or diseases, including kidney failure, some cancers, and HIV, can trigger it. |
c8cbc0191d2ac14fb8279d9f8496a3f5 | How does the skin feel with seborrheic dermatitis? | White, oily flakes of dead skin in your hair and on your shoulders and, sometimes, an itchy scalp are signs of regular dandruff. This type of dandruff can also affect the skin behind your ears and on the sides of your nose. |
678759dc867f5e2d096d1acbe384e4d8 | What do doctors think pityriasis rosea? | Doctors don't know what causes it. If you have dry, scaly skin that doesn't go away, jot down any other symptoms you have and when they happen. |
ceb49f5c31c44a9cdbccc1e78a16752d | How many forms are there of ichthyosis? | There are several reasons for scaly skin. Scaly skin is most common with plaque psoriasis. If you have dry, scaly skin that doesn't go away, jot down any other symptoms you have and when they happen. |
043f66bd74e58b314b7a4e6de7400a94 | Why do some people have scaly skin? | But if over-the-counter products don't help you heal, you could have a medical condition that requires a doctor's care. There are several reasons for scaly skin. Whether you have a flaky scalp from time to time or scratchy patches all the time, a dermatologist can tell you if your symptoms are due to a lack of moisture or something more serious. If you have dry, scaly skin that doesn't go away, jot down any other symptoms you have and when they happen. |
fbde251b18742ba401e957c248d2b1d4 | What should you know about asthmatic bronchitis? | If the airways are inflamed, air has more difficulty getting to your lungs. With less air getting in, you can feel short of breath. You may wheeze and cough in an attempt to draw in more oxygen through tightened passageways. Bronchitis and asthma are two inflammatory airway conditions. Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of the airways that usually resolves itself after running its course. It's caused by viral or bacterial infections. Chronic bronchitis, which is longer lasting, can be triggered by long-term exposure to environmental irritants such as tobacco smoke, dust, or chemicals. Asthma is an inflammatory condition that leads to tightening of the muscles around the airways and swelling that cause airways to narrow. When asthma and acute bronchitis occur together, the condition is called asthmatic bronchitis. A test that measures lung function as you breathe in and out of a mouthpiece that is attached to a device called a spirometer. A test that measures the force of air you breathe out (exhale) into the mouthpiece of a device called a peak expiratory flow meter. |
f1da938436504d13406e2d4b87b89e76 | Can pain relievers help with osteoarthritis? | Pain-relieving drugs include acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs), such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. Some medications in the form of creams, rubs, or sprays may be applied over the skin of affected areas to relieve pain. When osteoarthritisis severe, and pain is not controlled with medications or other mentioned treatments, or when the pain prevents you from participating in your normal activities, you may want to consider surgery. |
f68563343e43fd848a5ae49b9869bafa | What causes osteoarthritis? | It is associated with a breakdown of cartilage in joints and can occur in almost any joint in the body. Some people have an inherited defect in one of the genes responsible for making collagen, a major component of cartilage. This causes defective cartilage, which leads to more rapid deterioration of joints. Finally, people who are born with an abnormality of the spine (such as scoliosis or curvature of the spine) are more likely to develop osteoarthritis of the spine. Overuse of certain joints increases the risk of developing osteoarthritis. |
44c60847404a3f6ac404e37c7d7c2d23 | What are signs of ADHD in children? | These children: Are in constant motion Squirm and fidget Do not seem to listen Have trouble playing quietly Often talk excessively Interrupt or intrude on others Are easily distracted Do not finish tasks Though your child may have some symptoms that seem like ADHD, it might be something else. Studies show that long-term treatment with a combination of medications andbehavioral therapyis much better than just medication treatment, or no specific treatments in managing hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. |
370363a3a76b8ed7840ca84c295014f4 | What are some common traits of children with ADHD? | These children: Are in constant motion Squirm and fidget Do not seem to listen Have trouble playing quietly Often talk excessively Interrupt or intrude on others Are easily distracted Do not finish tasks Though your child may have some symptoms that seem like ADHD, it might be something else. Studies show that long-term treatment with a combination of medications andbehavioral therapyis much better than just medication treatment, or no specific treatments in managing hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. |
75def29a32f083ed28450ec34588f1e6 | Should my child have an ADHD coach? | That's because many preschool children have some of the symptoms seen in ADHD in various situations. ADHD coaches are meant to help children achieve better results in different areas of their lives by setting goals and helping the child find ways to reach them. A child, however, must be mature and motivated enough to work with a coach. |
6e3d3d0ff768c8cbba289bb60594ba08 | How does targeted therapy treat stage III breast cancer? | Fulvestrant ( Faslodex) and toremifene ( Fareston) block hormone receptors and are sometimes given to women with metastatic breast cancer. Targeted therapy is a newer treatment. About 20% of women with breast cancer have too much of a protein known as HER2, and it makes the cancer spread quickly. Women with HER2-positive cancer may be prescribed ado-trastuzumab emtansine ( Kadcyla), lapatinib ( Tykerb), neratinib ( Nerlynx), pertuzumab ( Perjeta), or trastuzumab ( Herceptin). Along with an aromatase inhibitor or the hormone therapy fulvestrant, a CDK 4/6 inhibitor such as abemaciclib ( Verzenio), palbociclib ( Ibrance) or ribociclb ( Kisqali) is sometimes given in postmenopausal women with certain types of advanced breast cancer. These medications can stop this protein from making the cancer grow and can make chemotherapy more effective. Those who are HER2-negative but have BRCA-mutated breast cancer could be treated by a class of drugs called PARP inhibitors that target a protein that helps cancer cells grow. PARP inhibitors include olaparib ( Lynparza) and talazoparib ( Talzenna). Everolimus ( Afinitor) is a targeted therapy sometimes given to women with HER2-negative breast cancer along with the hormone therapy exemestane ( Aromasin). Patients who are HER2-negative but have PIK3 CA-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer could be treated by the new PIK3 inhibitor alpelisib ( Piqray) in combination with fulvestrant. |
5c726ff64680a88d43481ece51dba50a | Iâve found an oral surgeon I like. How can I get a feel for the new doctor? | After he gives you a name, ask him these questions. Why do you recommend this surgeon? What are his specialties? If you can't find the information online, ask the office for it. |
aa06b82e24a5b396e5cb5e2b490ef3f3 | What are some tips on finding an oral surgeon on the Internet? | So if you don't have a regular dentist who can recommend an oral surgeon, and friends or family can't help you out, take advantage of the web. Lots of sites rate surgeons and their offices. To one person, someone who's all-business has no bedside manner. To another, that same professional is great because he's all-business. Web sites can also give you background on the doctor, too. Make sure you look for information about the staff and how it cares for patients. |
74fcf7926eee306bbe144e6d31da0e95 | When should I see a doctor about my eye drops? | That makes the redness go away. Also, see her if taking drops makes your eye problem worse or affects your vision. |
27df80cb16312953da6bfff4fc57cb6e | What are artificial tears? | They try to mimic real tears, but it turns out, that's pretty complicated. So various brands use different mixes of ingredients, such as: Lubricants to keep your eyes moist (all artificial tears will have some) Electrolytes, like sodium and potassium, which can help heal the surface of your eye Guar gum, found in more oily drops. Preservatives to keep bacteria from growing in the bottle of drops You may need to try different brands to see which one works best for your eyes. Avoid artificial tears that contain preservatives if: They bother your eyes. |
252a955890fcea5221384e799969fca7 | Which antihistamines help for cold symptoms? | Some types of them can help relieve your runny nose and sneezing when you have a cold. Even so, some of the older antihistamines, such as brompheniramine and chlorpheniramine, can bring relief. Newer antihistamines like fexofenadine ( Allegra) and loratidine ( Claritin) have not been shown to work for cold symptoms. |
63aebd65a9cb2537e3ba4a32f71d0bf5 | What are the symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)? | For most people, the cause of ALL is unknown. Some of these can be vague and not specific just to leukemia. They include: Fatigue Fever Loss of appetite or weight Night sweats Many symptoms of acute lymphoblastic leukemia are the result of a shortage of normal blood cells. That's because leukemia cells crowd out these normal cells in the bone marrow. A shortage of red blood cells may cause symptoms of anemia, including: Fatigue or weakness Dizziness Feeling cold Light-headedness Shortness of breath A shortage of normal white blood cells may result in: Fevers Recurring infections A shortage of blood platelets may cause symptoms such as: Lots of bruising for no obvious reason Frequent or severe nosebleeds, bleeding gums, or other unusual bleeding such as from minor cuts Depending upon where leukemia cells are present, other symptoms may include: A full or swollen belly from leukemia cells in the liver or spleen Enlarged lymph nodes such as in the neck or groin, under arms, or above the collarbone Bone or joint pain Headache, trouble with balance, vomiting, seizures, or blurred vision if the cancer has spread to the brain Trouble breathing if spread has occurred in the chest area ALL is really a group of related diseases, or subtypes. |
c8523a3078c42c7135cd4a72eca36769 | What is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)? | It develops from cells called lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell central to the immune system, or from lymphoblasts, an immature type of lymphocyte. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia invades the blood and can spread throughout the body to other organs, such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. But it does not normally produce tumors as do many types of cancer. It is an acute type of leukemia, which means it can progress quickly. Without treatment, it can be fatal within a few months. That's because leukemia cells crowd out these normal cells in the bone marrow. |
1418ce6d044e6f7010a9688c9cf6d739 | What does the treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) involve? | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL) is a type of blood cancer. Therefore, your treatment options depend upon your subtype and other factors. You may have more than one type of treatment. |
f6c1ee761a6412e70a0df14a8c322363 | How is migraine and headache pain treated? | Many of these medications are over-the-counter, or available without a doctor's prescription, while other headache drugs require a prescription. When taking these headache drugs, avoid products that contain caffeine. Any medication containing barbiturates or narcotics should be used sparingly. Note: if symptomatic relief medications are used more than twice a week, you should see your doctor, who may prescribe preventive headache medications. Overuse of symptomatic medications can actually cause more frequent headaches or worsen headache symptoms. Carefully consider how you use pain relievers and all medications. |
22484bf94787ed097e3667b28af21663 | What medications are usually recommended by doctors for migraines and headaches? | Many of these medications are over-the-counter, or available without a doctor's prescription, while other headache drugs require a prescription. When taking these headache drugs, avoid products that contain caffeine. Any medication containing barbiturates or narcotics should be used sparingly. Carefully consider how you use pain relievers and all medications. |
9a4842a394f5d6e8e20279c6619e044f | How can I avoid problems if I have high blood sugar? | Because of the link between obesity and type 2 diabetes, you can do a great deal to reduce your chance of developing the disease by slimming down if you are overweight. In someone who already has diabetes, exercise and a nutritionally balanced diet can greatly limit the effects of both types 1 and 2 diabetes on your body. |
ea6b853bfcf132c05505bca89cbb51e4 | What causes primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS)? | The main symptoms often involve: Problems walking Weak, stiff legs Trouble with balance Other common symptoms include: Speech or swallowing issues Vision problems Fatigue and pain Bladder and bowel trouble Doctors think MS -- no matter which type you have -- happens when your body attacks itself. In MS, your immune system damages myelin, the protective coating around the nerves in your brain and spinal cord. This causes inflammation. But in PPMS, there's little inflammation. Nerve damage is the main problem. Areas of scar tissue (your doctor will call them lesions), form along the damaged nerves in your brain and spinal cord. This causes MS symptoms. The biggest risk isn't from MS, but from complications like heart disease and stroke. |
97fedabbc7fc008d143b6430257c660c | How is primary progressive multiple sclerosis related to multiple sclerosis? | But in PPMS, there's little inflammation. Nerve damage is the main problem. Areas of scar tissue (your doctor will call them lesions), form along the damaged nerves in your brain and spinal cord. This causes MS symptoms. The biggest risk isn't from MS, but from complications like heart disease and stroke. |
71e8da0a3be89ff1de8b3a6ad2e305cc | How can exercise help treat multiple sclerosis? | Unlike some other types of MS, you won't have relapses or remissions. It can help you: Stay active and mobile Manage your symptoms Control your weight Exercise can also give you more energy and boost your mood. |
14e757fa24a8bd584898de66b0fff458 | Are there numerous types of arthritis? | Did you know that there are more than 100 types of arthritis? Symptoms: Psoriatic arthritis can swell the fingers and toes. |
4b7d073aa20af08b7356f331bf931ec3 | How can you thin your mucus to treat postnasal drip? | Another option is to thin your mucus. A simple way to thin it out is to drink more water. |
56a3e6987b2455925c889a16cea37fe8 | Can chicken soup cure postnasal drip? | When the mucus runs down the back of your nose to your throat, it's called postnasal drip. It works because the steam from the hot liquid opens up your stuffy nose and throat. And because it's a fluid, the hot soup will help prevent dehydration, which will make you feel better too. |
b8d58d0c18e8fee7d88a2b9660e148b6 | What are the symptoms of postnasal drip? | Swallowing problems can cause a buildup of liquids in the throat, which can feel like postnasal drip. It also can trigger a cough, which often gets worse at night. In fact, postnasal drip is one of the most common causes of a cough that just won't go away. Too much mucus may also make you feel hoarse and give you a sore, scratchy throat. If the mucus plugs up your Eustachian tube, which connects your throat to your middle ear, you could get a painful ear infection. You could also get a sinus infection if those passages are clogged. |
9c4ec60ff59d6f53bd9a35196fa483d1 | What are nasal sprays used for? | It can make the difference between success and failure in clearing up that blockage. They're approved to relieve allergy symptoms, but they're sometimes used to help clear a stuffed-up nose that comes from a sinus infection. The first thing you need to do is to blow your nose to clear up the passageways as much as you can. |
11da2354a9a0e9bb9772d4cc44197d82 | Can my nephrogenic diabetes insipidus be treated? | Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be challenging to treat. Since the kidneys can't respond to ADH, giving more ADH doesn't help. There's no good way to get the kidneys to respond to the ADH that's there. In fact, treatment options are limited. |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.