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20d752e60d275576d3dce1e2325a20ea | What is hot stone massage? | For this kind of massage, the therapist places warmed stones on certain areas of the body, such as acupressure points. The stones may be used as massage tools or be temporarily left in place. Used along with other massage techniques, hot stones can be quite soothing and relaxing as they transmit heat deep into the body. |
ea154924e5dabdcb2a4a0427641b021d | Which oils are best to soften and remove dead skin caused by psoriasis? | Thick scales on your forehead, hairline, behind your ears, or on the back of your neck can be softened with coconut, olive, or peanut oil. Massage a small amount into your scalp, then put on a shower cap overnight, and shampoo in the morning. Repeat for two or three nights. The dead skin should soften and wash away. You can use a comb to lift off the softened scale. Hold it almost flat, and gently move it in a circular motion. Don't scrape your scalp. |
cb87d115b95f67d4bff800dd108f11d3 | What is the best way to lock in moisture to remove dead skin produced by psoriasis? | When you pick off dry scales, it can result in dots of blood. This is called pinpoint bleeding. To prevent it, you should first soften the dead skin with moisture before you pick it. Apply a heavy ointment or oil, such as vitamin E. Then cover the area with plastic wrap for a few hours or overnight. Once the skin is loose, use a clean fingernail or tweezers to gently push away the scale. It should slide off easily. Don't force it. Too much pressure can cause pain and bleeding. |
42ff53e71e48e1e7ede5d71427598260 | How effective is coal tar in removing dead skin produced by psoriasis? | This smelly, sticky substance has been used to treat psoriasis for more than 100 years. Like exfoliating acids, it also causes you to shed the outer layer of dead skin. It can also reduce the inflammation and itching of psoriasis. It comes in variety of forms, such as soaps, creams, and lotions. Coal tar can stain your clothing. It also makes your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Studies show it works best in people who are also taking steroids for their skin. |
3f1bd7b18a819b68e1e2c0a57e61f549 | Can you get HIV by being around people who are HIV-positive? | HIV isn't spread through touch, tears, sweat, saliva, or pee. You can't catch it by: Breathing the same air Touching a toilet seat or door knob or handle Drinking from a water fountain Hugging, kissing, or shaking hands Sharing eating utensils Using exercise equipment at a gym You can get it from infected blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or breast milk. |
e976b685f9ef2792f03da9f368f0ac9e | Is it true that you don't need to worry about getting HIV because drugs can keep you well? | Antiretroviral drugs, also called ART, do improve the lives of many people who are HIV-positive and help them live longer. But many of these drugs are expensive and have serious side effects. Nothing yet cures HIV. And drug-resistant strains of HIV can make treatment harder. Prevention is cheaper and easier than managing a life-long condition and the problems it brings. |
014c7929b022911d428281b1b2f1d319 | Do mosquitoes spread HIV? | Because the virus is passed through blood, people have worried that they could get it from biting or bloodsucking insects. Several studies show that doesn't happen -- even in areas with lots of mosquitoes and cases of HIV. When bugs bite, they don't inject the blood of the person or animal they bit before you. Also, HIV lives for only a short time inside them. |
e78ba28a63cd665a61b4efd921a151ef | If I'm straight and don't use IV drugs, can I still get HIV? | Most men become HIV-positive through sexual contact with other men. But you can get the virus from heterosexual contact, too: About 1 in 6 men and 3 in 4 women do. |
257f1b60a843dccf9c2fee84588e47fc | My partner and I are both HIV-positive. Do we still need to practice safe sex? | And drug-resistant strains of HIV can make treatment harder. |
a77154193db71bbdc36a1fb97d9e7390 | If I'm getting treated for HIV, can I still spread the virus? | When HIV treatments work well, they can lower the amount of virus in your blood to a level that doesn't show up in blood tests. This is called an undetectable viral load. However, this doesn't mean zero viral load, and there can be intermittent increases in the virus level. So while you are less contagious with an undetectable viral load, the risk of spreading HIV is not zero. You should practice safe sex so you won't make someone else HIV-positive. |
3ad83e7140a21a6ebf3b9082a35d2f7f | What does thrombophlebitis mean? | Thrombo" means clot, and "phlebitisâ means inflammation in a vein. That's the swelling and irritation that result after an injury. |
37b9342a84c8d8095fe94351906b5e3c | What is thrombophlebitis? | Thrombophlebitis is a problem with your circulation -- how fast blood moves through your veins. It happens when a blood clot slows circulation -- most commonly in your legs, but also in your arms, in some cases. Thrombophlebitis can happen right under the skin or deeper in the leg. " |
9ea436221615c2937cf623adbac29004 | Can thrombophlebitis cause an infection? | But on rare occasions, these blocked veins can lead to infection. They can even lead to tissue damage from the loss of healthy circulation. |
c048ff5c98ce8cd389c0f1865f6cf254 | Does thrombophlebitis go away on its own? | Most cases of thrombophlebitis that happen in the shallow leg veins begin to go away by themselves in a week or two. |
6df86c5308efdff23e7880c6eadffff4 | How much insulin would I get from an insulin pump? | The insulin pump is designed to deliver a continuous amount of insulin, 24 hours a day according to a programmed plan unique to each pump wearer. The user can change the amount of insulin delivered. |
b0820f416099d5e4b49e7cf84f495643 | How do I know how much insulin to get from an insulin pump for type 2 diabetes? | When using an insulin pump, you must monitor your blood glucose level at least four times a day. You set the doses of your insulin and make adjustments to the dose depending on your food intake and exercise program. |
978e33330c1018063993d5ae586960df | How is molecular breast imaging (MBI) being researched for breast cancer? | Molecular breast imaging ( MBI) -- Doctors inject a drug that's slightly radioactive into a vein. Called a tracer, this drug attaches itself to any breast cancer cells. A special camera then sees the tracer and any cells. This test is being studied to be used with mammograms for women with dense breasts or as a way to look at breast problems like lumps. |
ba853d31d444cd6aea6f9d78227b0951 | How can I try new treatments for breast cancer? | New drugs and therapies are being tested all the time. The goal is to offer more effective, less-toxic treatment with fewer side effects. Taking part in one of these trials may allow you to try a treatment years before it reaches the market. Ask your doctor if a trial might be right for you. |
4136d4b7aee36037bc2c54304dfc0998 | How is positron emission mammography (PEM) being researched for breast cancer? | Positron emission mammography ( PEM) -- With the PEM scan, sugar is attached to a radioactive particle to look for cancer cells. The test may help find small groups of them. |
8474f0082fe694e33ae94f2ef159cfed | How is electrical impedance imaging (EIT) being researched for breast cancer? | Electrical impedance imaging ( EIT) -- Breast cancer cells conduct electricity differently than normal cells. This test looks for that difference. |
9cbfee0567f845f0c827d97822a604d2 | What Is nanotechnology and how is it being researched for breast cancer? | This is the science of using very tiny objects. There's a lot of research in this field in cancer detection and treatment. Using nanoparticles, chemotherapy can target the cancer cells directly, without hurting the tissue around them. That would make the drugs more effective and cause fewer harmful side effects. There are several drugs approved for use. Others are being tested. Devices that use nanotechnology can also help find cancer. |
885d4cc561104cc9de8d7128d92a20db | How can medications cause cirrhosis? | You get damage to your liver over a long period of time. |
e18cd1a97bbd70bc03438258821f3577 | How can bile duct disease or damage cause cirrhosis? | The most common things that raise your odds for cirrhosis are: Heavy drinking due to alcohol addiction Obesity, which raises your chances of conditions that lead to cirrhosis A long-term hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection Conditions that can lead to cirrhosis include: Cystic fibrosis Diseases that make it hard for your body to process sugars Too much iron buildup in your body Wilson's disease, where too much copper is stored in the liver Autoimmune diseases that cause your body to attack liver cells Blockage of the bile duct, which carries digestive enzymes from your liver into the intestines Certain genetic digestive disorders Some infections, including syphilis and brucellosis Bad reactions to certain medications Since you might not feel symptoms right away, you may not find out that you have cirrhosis until you get a routine checkup. |
1b4e85d2b3c6bf9ebfdcd69dbec61fc5 | What corticosteroids can relieve a status migrainosus? | The corticosteroids dexamethasone ( Dexamethasone Intensol, Dexpak) and prednisolone can also relieve status migrainosus. |
b674968bc55fe4dc1d219eccf06d3224 | How can a typical migraine turn into a status migrainosus? | A typical migraine can sometimes turn into status migrainosus if: You don't get treatment early enough after the attack starts. |
4625ace7cd3bc437abbcaa039153f186 | What drugs can stop vomiting from a status migrainosus? | Drugs that stop vomiting include: chlorpromazine metoclopramide ( Metozolv, Reglan) prochlorperazine ( Compro, Procomp) A common medicine for halting status migrainosus is dihydroergotamine ( DHE-45, Migranal). |
9af0081801a86c44ddbe45d02df8f55d | What is dihydroergotamine? | Drugs that stop vomiting include: chlorpromazine metoclopramide ( Metozolv, Reglan) prochlorperazine ( Compro, Procomp) A common medicine for halting status migrainosus is dihydroergotamine ( DHE-45, Migranal). You can take it as a nasal spray or through a shot. Another drug, sumatriptan ( Alsuma, Imitrex, Onzetra, Sumavel Dose Pro, Zecuity), comes as a shot, nasal spray, pill, or skin patch. |
de29145db92753d9163ca1cdc248ee78 | What medications prevent status migrainosuses? | You take these regularly to reduce the severity or frequency of the headaches. These include seizure medicines, blood pressure medicines (like beta blockers and calcium channel blockers), and some antidepressants. CGRP inhibitors are a new class of preventive medicine that your doctor may recommend if other medicines don't help. Botox, though better known as a treatment for wrinkles, has also been approved by the FDA to prevent recurring migraines. Natural options such as magnesium may work but we need more research to know which of these treatments are effective. There are a couple of devices designed to interrupt abnormal electrical activity in the brain associated with migraine. A device called Spring TMS or e Neura s TMS uses a technique called a transcranial magnetic stimulation ( TMS). Place it on the back of your head for about a minute for release of a pulse of magnetic energy. Similarly, Cefaly uses transcutaneous supraorbital nerve stimulation and is worn as a headband on the forehead and turned on daily for 20 minutes to prevent migraine from developing. There is also a noninvasive vagus nerve stimulator called gamma Core. When placed over the vagus nerve in the neck, it releases a mild electrical stimulation to the nerve's fibers to relieve pain. |
98e1f2d9a0679373a3e815f18161abf7 | What are the symptoms of a status migrainosus? | Along with pain in your head, you might also feel: Sensation of sparkling lights or other vision changes (aura) Nausea and vomiting Trouble thinking clearly Because the condition lasts for at least 3 days, you're also at risk for dehydration and sleep loss because of prolonged vomiting and pain. If you have to go to an emergency room or stay in the hospital because of status migrainosus, doctors may need to treat other problems the migraine causes as well as the migraine itself. |
4dca63028f7246b51c9fda723e001efa | What are some drugs for status migrainosus that stop vomiting? | Drugs that stop vomiting include: chlorpromazine metoclopramide ( Metozolv, Reglan) prochlorperazine ( Compro, Procomp) A common medicine for halting status migrainosus is dihydroergotamine ( DHE-45, Migranal). |
a379ddd35037297e88477ae7b92b0d98 | What is the treatment for a status migrainosus? | If you have to go to an emergency room or stay in the hospital because of status migrainosus, doctors may need to treat other problems the migraine causes as well as the migraine itself. In the hospital, doctors may give you drugs through an IV to control pain. They'll treat dehydration by giving you fluids through an IV. |
df55e9c7ff2cc21cb4987a2a45ac2a9e | What are some drugs that treat status migrainosus? | Drugs that stop vomiting include: chlorpromazine metoclopramide ( Metozolv, Reglan) prochlorperazine ( Compro, Procomp) A common medicine for halting status migrainosus is dihydroergotamine ( DHE-45, Migranal). You can take it as a nasal spray or through a shot. Another drug, sumatriptan ( Alsuma, Imitrex, Onzetra, Sumavel Dose Pro, Zecuity), comes as a shot, nasal spray, pill, or skin patch. Valproate, given by vein, can also be used. People with certain medical problems should avoid these medicines though. The corticosteroids dexamethasone ( Dexamethasone Intensol, Dexpak) and prednisolone can also relieve status migrainosus. |
bcf18194820e3f6b9e1d9f6f0182e27c | What are the risks of high blood sugar during pregnancy? | High blood sugar during pregnancy can cause your baby to grow very large. That can lead to complications during delivery. The baby could be born with low blood sugar, yellowish skin and eyes (jaundice), breathing trouble, and other problems. If you are diagnosed with gestational diabetes, though, your doctor will work with you to keep your blood sugar under control throughout your pregnancy. |
804ef45da8d86d06e13167de32b6daf2 | How do doctors test for gestational diabetes? | If your doctor thinks you're at risk, he'll give you a "glucose challenge" test. You'll drink a really sweet beverage. One hour later, you'll get a blood sugar reading. If the results come out higher than 130 to 140 mg/d L, you'll go back to the doctor's office on another day for a more involved process. This is called the 3-hour glucose tolerance test. You might have to follow some diet instructions, like fasting for 8 to 12 hours before you take the test. |
802d3e29b39e962144ebe3c0eaa3bfe7 | What happens during the 3-hour glucose tolerance test? | The doctor will check your fasting blood sugar level when you get to his office. Then he'll give you a drink that's even sweeter than the one in the first test. You'll get blood sugar readings 1, 2, and 3 hours later. If two or more of the results are higher than the normal values, you'll be diagnosed with gestational diabetes.â Values are: fasting: Higher than 94 mg/d L, 1 hr - higher than179 mg/d L, 2 hr higher than 154mg/d L, 3 hr higher than 139 mg/d L. If you have the condition, your doctor will tell you about healthy lifestyle changes you'll need to make -- these involve your diet and physical activity. |
85987c32a4a9f3e51939a7b22681fcbe | What happens if I am diagnosed with gestational diabetes? | If two or more of the results are higher than the normal values, you'll be diagnosed with gestational diabetes.â Values are: fasting: Higher than 94 mg/d L, 1 hr - higher than179 mg/d L, 2 hr higher than 154mg/d L, 3 hr higher than 139 mg/d L. If you have the condition, your doctor will tell you about healthy lifestyle changes you'll need to make -- these involve your diet and physical activity. You will be educated about following a pregnancy diabetic diet and will start checking your sugars throughout the day. |
5cd483c0bb0ae3b5d453ed278ecd8dfa | What is pseudotumor cerebri? | Pseudotumor cerebri: increased pressure within the head (intracranial) caused by buildup of excess fluid around the brain Raynaud's phenomena: abnormal sensitivity to cold, which is usually seen in the hands; signs include tingling, discomfort, decreased sensation, or color changes in the hands. |
adbf33a6a5b137fb9160ab33fcad7a47 | What are symptomatic relief medications? | Stress: your reaction to any change that requires you to adjust or respond Symptomatic relief medications: drugs used to relieve symptoms associated with headaches, including the pain of a headache or the nausea and vomiting associated with migraine; these may include simple analgesics, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, antiemetics, or sedatives. |
12d147a92cd8de25e7907bd3abe6d577 | What is Raynaud's phenomena? | Pseudotumor cerebri: increased pressure within the head (intracranial) caused by buildup of excess fluid around the brain Raynaud's phenomena: abnormal sensitivity to cold, which is usually seen in the hands; signs include tingling, discomfort, decreased sensation, or color changes in the hands. This condition may be associated with migraines. |
38be4307044933208dd1a70303b2e399 | What is the nervous system? | Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot. It also receives information, much of which is sent to the brain. This information is analyzed and coordinated by the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the spinal cord and brain. |
dfca4a70a1aa79309840e9a93a0ba566 | What are tension-type headaches? | Temporomandibular joints ( TMJ): the joints where the jaw attaches to the skull, just in front of the ears Tension-type headaches: the most common type of headaches among adults, thought to be caused by tightened muscles in the back of the neck and scalp; tension-type headaches are usually triggered by some type of environmental or internal stress. |
5bbd0ed58afac5710da7ac82d1b019db | What is photophobia? | Abortive medications: medications that are used to stop the headache process and prevent symptoms of migraines, including pain, nausea, sound and light sensitivity, etc. |
356e30c002927ced4f031d9637d769c5 | What is the definition of acute headaches? | Acute: sudden; occurs quickly and generally, without warning Acute headaches: headaches that occur suddenly for the first time with symptoms that subside after a relatively short period of time; they are usually due to an illness, infection, cold, or fever. |
c1457c8b135cc26d3375141b7a515bc1 | What is the definition of photophobia? | Abortive medications: medications that are used to stop the headache process and prevent symptoms of migraines, including pain, nausea, sound and light sensitivity, etc. |
a4906f444fbdfbda14c70488429d9311 | What is the definition of acupuncture? | Abscess: a localized collection of pus in tissues, organs, or confined spaces usually due to an infection Acupuncture: an ancient Chinese system of health care that involves procedures to stimulate anatomical points of the body; the procedure usually is done with very fine, solid needles, but pressure, magnets, electrical stimulation and other techniques can be used. Acupuncture stimulates the body's ability to resist or overcome illnesses and conditions by correcting energy imbalances. Acupuncture also prompts the body to produce chemicals that decrease or eliminate painful sensations. |
ad6debe350c2cf075a8c380bdf5b788c | What is the definition of episodic? | Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches. |
c0db1ab701f82be80bd3eee776d86edc | What is the definition of biofeedback? | Biofeedback: a method used to help a person learn stress-reduction skills by providing information about muscle tension, heart rate, and other vital signs as the person attempts to relax; it is used to learn total body relaxation and also to gain control over certain bodily functions that cause tension and physical pain. |
9fe6cf47bb0e7d0f1fafef94a9b7b7f6 | What is the definition of basilar artery migraine? | Basilar artery migraine: a migraine that is preceded by symptoms of dizziness, pain at the base of the skull with numbness, confusion, or loss of balance; these symptoms usually occur suddenly and can be associated with vision changes, the inability to speak properly, ringing in the ears, and vomiting. This type of migraine is strongly related to hormonal changes and primarily affects young adult women. |
f6c31615b8d40220c1c9cc5a0e3f5014 | What is the definition of decongestant medications? | Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain. |
20f54ebad2b454e011a6a1646e135554 | What is the definition of adrenaline (epinephrine)? | Acute recurrent headaches: see Migraines Adrenaline (epinephrine): the neurotransmitter of the adrenal gland that is secreted in moments of crisis; it stimulates the heart to beat faster and work harder, increases the flow of blood to the muscles, causes an increased alertness of mind, and produces other changes to prepare the body to meet an emergency. It is also a chemical messenger in the brain. |
c8a6de2c51fa4f1a149afbc6e1836b29 | What is the definition of narcotics? | Monosodium glutamate ( MSG): a food additive commonly found in Asian food that may cause headaches in some people Narcotics: strong prescription pain medications Nervous system: includes the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system; the peripheral nervous system includes a network of nerves throughout the body, handling everything from regulating the heart rate to flexing the hand or foot. |
6725addbf9e20d51958d6f309cc0c6ff | What is the definition of hemiplegic migraine? | Headache history: a description of your headache symptoms and characteristics, as well as a description of previous treatments for headaches Hemiplegic migraine: temporary paralysis (hemiplegia) or sensory changes on one side of the body; the onset of the headache may be associated with temporary numbness or a stroke-like weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, or vision changes. |
472dbe52dc500ba4b57f2d2b885c611b | What is the definition of hydrocephalus? | Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory. |
292b7a51858c45890964fdb62f42eb05 | What is the definition of anticonvulsant? | Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures. |
8e4a19926278b3753ce63378189d45b6 | What is the definition of massage? | Massage: a type of headache treatment that involves rubbing, pinching, kneading, or otherwise manipulating the body to relieve muscular tension; massage can be helpful in promoting relaxation. |
bbfecdf212eda04c21561384c8e17702 | What is the definition of ophthalmology? | Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis. |
e6ea03ce1261aea60722f5de83f3edc6 | What are endorphins? | Endorphins: hormone-like substances produced in the brain that have pain-relieving properties; some scientists believe that people who suffer from severe headaches have lower levels of endorphins than people who generally do not have headaches. |
9fcb67cb0b09e5f3ad660611ac89a0a5 | What is ataxia? | Aspartame: an artificial sweetener that can cause a headache in some people Ataxia: impaired ability to coordinate movement; this symptom sometimes suggests a condition within the brain that may be causing headaches. |
aee141b941d8e3b5824e115dd81ce316 | What is a headache? | Guided imagery: see mental imagery relaxation Headache: a general term that refers to a persistent or lasting pain in the head region Head trauma: a physical injury to the head; head trauma can sometimes lead to headaches. |
88985e7fde0e1c5279ba4ab82fc60652 | What is a headache history? | Headache history: a description of your headache symptoms and characteristics, as well as a description of previous treatments for headaches Hemiplegic migraine: temporary paralysis (hemiplegia) or sensory changes on one side of the body; the onset of the headache may be associated with temporary numbness or a stroke-like weakness on one side of the body, dizziness, or vision changes. |
d75e5529bc7b482177d39f194aec9d0f | What are food additives? | Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches. MSG, nitrates, or phenylethalamine are examples of food additives. |
133171f7284b4ed5b73ff85682ed6982 | What is an anticonvulsant? | Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures. |
cc2ff32940ae8da084e3f9ddda785a6b | What is an ophthalmologic migraine? | Recurrent ophthalmoplegic neuropathy: Pain around the eye, including paralysis in the muscles surrounding the eye; this is an emergency medical condition, as the symptoms can be caused by pressure on the nerves behind the eye. Other symptoms of recurrent ophthalmoplegic neuropathy include a droopy eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision, or other vision changes. |
837f062353ab6275ac8a4ffc12b7fa39 | What are monoamine oxidase inhibitors? | Migraineur: a person who has migraines Mixed headache syndrome: a combination of migraine and tension headaches Monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors: a class of drugs used to treat depression; they also help treat headaches. People taking MAO inhibitors must be careful not to eat foods containing tyramine, as this can cause increased blood pressure. |
ae4e31615fa9ceba90da855d63aef2da | What is a transformed migraine? | Toxin: a poisonous substance Transformed migraines: coexisting migraine and tension-type headache; transformed migraines are chronic, daily headaches with a vascular quality Trauma: a physical injury Trigeminal nerve: the chief sensory nerve of the face Trigger: a factor that can set off a migraine in people who are predisposed to migraines; some common triggers include emotional stress, sensitivity to specific chemicals and preservatives in foods, caffeine, changing weather conditions, changes in female hormones, tension, excessive fatigue, skipped meals, or changes in normal sleep patterns. |
8ce6930c64e3e26b8b346909689b86fd | What is biofeedback? | Biofeedback: a method used to help a person learn stress-reduction skills by providing information about muscle tension, heart rate, and other vital signs as the person attempts to relax; it is used to learn total body relaxation and also to gain control over certain bodily functions that cause tension and physical pain. |
dc058e4f137e45e2f39fc658f4799d22 | What is an antihistamine? | Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches. |
dd44d105f0e38dfaf683c438a6102e52 | What does episodic mean? | Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches. |
235d01225d7c505f2f05f90821e34b7d | What is an electromyograph test? | Electromyograph ( EMG): a test that measures the electrical activity in the muscles to determine the amount of muscle tension; small, flat metal sensors, called electrodes, are attached to the skin (usually on the forehead). The electrodes measure the electrical activity in the muscles directly underneath the electrodes and adjoining muscles. The electrical activity of the muscles will be measured and displayed as numbers or electrical waves on a screen that the person can view. |
1051f5a3cc76874e013699eeffaa58b5 | What is a hemorrhage? | Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory. |
b66683cf42dd0e9952e71da8d6e5d3bf | What is aspartame? | Aspartame: an artificial sweetener that can cause a headache in some people Ataxia: impaired ability to coordinate movement; this symptom sometimes suggests a condition within the brain that may be causing headaches. |
7ea4018426a6492ca4ec87e237fd5f07 | What does anti-inflammatory mean? | Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches. |
c81fb0aadad640568328a92890e44e55 | What is encephalitis? | Encephalitis: inflammation of the brain, usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection; encephalitis is a serious cause of headache. |
61abd1085f25477cbd7f34d8150d9396 | What does chronic mean? | CAT scan: see computed axial tomography Chronic: ongoing or occurring over an extended period of time; a chronic headache occurs at least every other day or 15 days per month for at least six months. |
1ee4c76aaece4aefc92900eec4abcd5b | What is cyclic vomiting? | Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain. |
54236b2297f8aab648d618cea1e22b79 | What is a confusional migraine? | Confusional migraine: migraine associated with a temporary period of confusion often initiated by a minor head injury Cyclic vomiting: uncontrolled vomiting that occurs repeatedly over a certain period of time Decongestant medications: drugs that can be used to relieve headaches associated with sinus infections; decongestants help relieve headache symptoms, because they constrict blood vessels that cause headache pain. |
952ecc5f291d6518128e6ea3ce808f3b | What is an aneurysm? | Analgesic: pain-relieving medication Analgesic-rebound headache: see Rebound headache Aneurysm: a weak part of an artery in the brain that may bulge outward and occasionally rupture and bleed, leading to a condition called a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which produces a severe headache and stiff neck, and can sometimes be fatal Anticonvulsant: a type of medication used to treat convulsive seizures, or epilepsy; some of these types of medications are also used to prevent headaches, even when the headaches aren't associated with seizures. |
4159832059bfeffc5aed4f3b6902da7d | What is head trauma? | Guided imagery: see mental imagery relaxation Headache: a general term that refers to a persistent or lasting pain in the head region Head trauma: a physical injury to the head; head trauma can sometimes lead to headaches. |
49fc7d9ad896e7c21880cf403143e478 | What is a hormone headache? | Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory. |
32090e8bbca1eaee7f9a23f0f500d8df | What does idiopathic mean? | Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory. |
061359526da423807c75a0b71c20558e | What is epilepsy? | Epilepsy: a group of conditions marked by recurrent seizures over a prolonged period of time (with no identifiable short-term cause) Episodic: occurrences that come and go with or without a regular pattern Food additives: also called food preservatives; these are substances contained in certain foods that can trigger headaches. |
77564549099e173bd7f151092e1ebe39 | What is adrenaline? | Acute recurrent headaches: see Migraines Adrenaline (epinephrine): the neurotransmitter of the adrenal gland that is secreted in moments of crisis; it stimulates the heart to beat faster and work harder, increases the flow of blood to the muscles, causes an increased alertness of mind, and produces other changes to prepare the body to meet an emergency. It is also a chemical messenger in the brain. |
e89ce051dbe647644437d699152f9afb | What is a computed axial tomography (CAT) scan? | Common migraine: another term for migraine without aura Computed axial tomography ( CAT) scan: a diagnostic test in which X-rays and computers are used to produce an image of a cross-section of the body; a CT scan of the head may be recommended if you are getting daily or almost daily headaches. It can also be used to rule out other conditions that may contribute to headaches. |
a1ffd9d22a40fca5ce4059f4f8cbe8a3 | What are secondary headaches? | Retinal migraine: temporary, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye that may spread to the rest of the head Secondary headaches: headaches that are the result of another medical condition; these include sinus and allergy-related headaches, as well as headaches that result from a head injury, trauma, or more serious condition, such as a tumor. |
e557eeb31b267d54c47fc3ddce07ea25 | What is a migraineur? | Migraineur: a person who has migraines Mixed headache syndrome: a combination of migraine and tension headaches Monoamine oxidase ( MAO) inhibitors: a class of drugs used to treat depression; they also help treat headaches. |
6d516f199e7ec787adb446a11294f104 | What is a neurologist? | Neurologist: a medical specialist with advanced training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles Neurology: the study of the nervous system Neuron: a nerve cell Neurotransmitter: a specialized chemical, produced in nerve cells, that permits the transmission of information between nerve cells Nitrite: a food additive that may trigger headaches in some people; nitrites are commonly found in processed meats, such as bacon, pepperoni, hot dogs, ham, sausage, luncheon meats, and deli-style meats and other cured or processed meats. |
96d1608839e18f26dcd42edfb58e6c30 | What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)? | Electroencephalogram ( EEG): a test in which the electrical signals of the brain are recorded; electrical activity detected by electrodes, or sensors, placed on a person's scalp are transmitted to a machine that records the activity. |
cd3074968fea2c45560d687aa839706c | What is a lumbar puncture? | Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory. This diagnostic procedure is only done to rule out conditions that may be affecting the brain and spinal cord. This test is used only if the symptoms warrant it. It can cause a headache for a few hours afterward. |
9597a0ee4bbcee89db09d6ee9050ad24 | What is the definition of antidepressant? | Antidepressant: a type of medication used primarily to treat depression; some of these medications have been useful in treating headaches, even when headaches aren't associated with depression. |
57ebff90b1e75b6965748e335884b22f | What is the definition of anti-inflammatory? | Antiemetics: a class of medications used to treat nausea and/or vomiting Antihistamine: a drug that counteracts the action of histamine, an agent in the body that causes itching and flushing of the skin such as in an allergic reaction Anti-inflammatory: a type of medication used to decrease inflammation; this type of medication is most commonly used to treat the inflammation of arthritis and other inflammatory disorders, but can also be useful in reducing the pain of certain types of headaches. |
4de995edd0ab0fdcc255cbe234a203b1 | What is the definition of paroxysmal torticollis? | Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis. |
03210852c9160ae8ceb76d78cb70cb5e | What is the definition of status migrainosus? | Sinusitis: inflammation of the sinuses, the air-filled cavities on the face Spinal tap: see Lumbar puncture Status migrainosus: a rare and severe type of migraine that can last 72 hours or longer; the pain and nausea are so intense that people who have this type of headache must be hospitalized. Certain medications can cause this type migraine syndrome. |
d0792f9f8c995989cb893cf4bdd40cf9 | What is the definition of sinuses? | Sinuses: air-filled cavities (spaces) located in your forehead, cheekbones, and behind the bridge of your nose; the sinuses produce a thin mucus that drains out of the channels of the nose. |
ac14ef745f338a4f06e6dda38fac964a | What is paroxysmal torticollis? | Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis. |
7228d6dbce73d907a306a82e97674963 | What is mental imagery relaxation? | Meningitis: an infection or inflammation of the membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord Menstrual migraine: see Hormone headache Mental imagery relaxation: also called guided imagery, it is a proven form of focused relaxation that helps create harmony between the mind and body; guided imagery coaches you in creating calm, peaceful images in your mind -- a "mental escape." |
f8476d4f5c5ad17de1aa265ad0739637 | What is a retinal migraine? | Retinal migraine: temporary, partial, or complete loss of vision in one eye, along with a dull ache behind the eye that may spread to the rest of the head Secondary headaches: headaches that are the result of another medical condition; these include sinus and allergy-related headaches, as well as headaches that result from a head injury, trauma, or more serious condition, such as a tumor. |
3bd76fb6147fcd7f30ed9f7af24630ec | What is the definition of hormone headache? | Hemorrhage: bleeding within the brain Hormone headache: a headache syndrome common in women that is often associated with changing estrogen (a hormone) levels that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause Hydrocephalus: abnormal build-up of fluid in the brain Idiopathic: not traceable to a direct cause; occurring spontaneously; of unknown cause Immune system: the body's defense system or protective network designed to fend off invasion by harmful substances, including bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals, and to act as a surveillance system against the development of cancer Inflammation: a process in which the body's white blood cells and chemicals can protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses Lethargy: being indifferent, apathetic, or sluggish; also characterized by sleeping too much Lumbar puncture: also called a spinal tap, it is the removal of spinal fluid (called the cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) from the spinal canal; the fluid is withdrawn through a needle and examined in a laboratory. |
49d0bde9a4b01ff24a67f3cfacd84d84 | What is the definition of endorphins? | Endorphins: hormone-like substances produced in the brain that have pain-relieving properties; some scientists believe that people who suffer from severe headaches have lower levels of endorphins than people who generally do not have headaches. |
ec405d8eafb17ad0413ed2ce2e0e531c | What is the definition of abdominal migraine? | Abdominal migraine: a migraine, more common in children and adolescents, that is associated with cyclic vomiting (symptoms occur about once a month). |
937a3bcd7d91366fec504db34f53559c | What is paroxysmal vertigo? | Ophthalmology evaluation: an eye exam performed by an eye doctor (ophthalmologist) which includes a pressure test to rule out glaucoma or pressure on the optic nerve as causes of headaches Otitis: ear infection or inflammation Paroxysmal vertigo: dizziness that is marked by sudden, intense symptoms Paroxysmal torticollis: sudden contraction of one side of the neck muscles that causes the head to lean to that side Pharyngitis: inflammation or infection of the throat Phonophobia: sensitivity to sound Photophobia: light sensitivity Preventive medications: drugs used to treat very frequent tension headaches and migraines, or the combination of both types of headaches to reduce both the frequency and severity of the headaches; preventive medications are prescribed to be taken regularly, usually on a daily basis. |
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