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b03bfe7d3f21024445a02d43d2fe41a5 | What are basics of arthritis? | It has everything to do with your joints -- the places where your bones connect -- such as your wrists, knees, hips, or fingers. But some types of arthritis can also affect other connective tissues and organs, including your skin. About 1 out of 5 adults have some form of the condition. It can happen to anyone, but it becomes more common as you age. With many forms of arthritis, the cause is unknown. |
7d67b30fb608383eed73ae9ab3c702f4 | What food should you pay attention to if you have Crohn's disease? | Keep track of foods that affect your bowels. They don't cause Crohn's, but some dishes may make symptoms worse. For example, many people with Crohn's have to avoid high-fiber foods like seeds, nuts, popcorn, corn, and raw fruits and vegetables. Some have to stay away from spicy, fried, and greasy foods, too. A food diary can help you track what gives you problems, so that it's easier for you to stay away from them. Ask your doctor about working with a registered dietitian ( RD). They can review your food diary to decide if you're eating a balanced diet. He can also help plan your meals so you get all the nutrients you need. |
af7a2f6ac3913bdd7aa4ab4884703a63 | What is it like when you first learn you have Crohn's disease? | When you find out you have Crohn's disease, you may wonder how it'll affect your daily life. With the right information, you can learn how to manage your symptoms and keep doing the things you love. |
433da6b329b9c0974a5b511b1d3a0976 | What should you pay attention to when you start treatment for Crohn's disease? | As you start treatment, keep track of the symptoms you have and when you have them. Do you always get diarrhea after you eat? Do your symptoms happen at a certain time of day? If you know when you're more likely to have issues, you can plan your day around it. |
8962c61e7125744874b06a8f3d9dc4ce | How does cervical fusion surgery for cervical disc disease work? | With cervical fusion surgery, the surgeon removes the damaged disc and places a bone graft (which is taken either from the patient's hip or from a cadaver) in the space between the vertebrae. The bone graft will eventually fuse to the vertebrae above and below it. A metal plate may be screwed into the vertebrae above and below the graft to hold the bone in place while it heals and fuses with the vertebrae. |
7d7a728b5c78213ad48767fa2b53a244 | What are the risks of cervical disc surgery? | Although cervical disc surgery is generally safe, it does have a few risks, including: Infection Excessive bleeding Reaction to anesthesia Chronic neck pain Damage to the nerves, spinal cord, esophagus, or vocal cords Failure to heal After cervical fusion surgery, some people develop cervical disc problems above and/or below the previously affected disc. |
e2b202f78c5d3534a2d7e8598178580f | What causes cervical disc disease? | Cervical disc disease is caused by an abnormality in one or more discs -- the cushions -- that lie between the neck bones (vertebrae). When a disc is damaged -- due to arthritis or an unknown cause -- it can lead to neck pain from inflammation or muscle spasm. In severe cases, pain and numbness can occur in the arms from pressure on the cervical nerve roots. |
cc0b178f009118250acae0d44070a1b7 | How does surgery for cervical disc disease work? | Surgery for cervical disc disease typically involves removing the disc that is pinching the nerve or pressing on the spinal cord. This surgery is called a discectomy. Depending on where the disc is located, the surgeon can remove it through a small incision either in the front (anterior discectomy) or back (posterior discectomy) of the neck while you are under anesthesia. A similar technique, microdiscectomy, removes the disc through a smaller incision using a microscope or other magnifying device. |
8929f0982be3c29b6977a81361173213 | How can fillings deteriorate? | Deteriorating Fillings Constant pressure from chewing, grinding, or clenching can cause dental fillings to wear away, chip, or crack. Although you may not be able to tell that a filling is wearing down, your dentist can identify weaknesses in them during a regular check-up. If the seal between the tooth enamel and the filling breaks down, food particles and decay-causing bacteria can work their way under the filling. You then run the risk of developing additional decay in that tooth. Decay that is left untreated can progress to infect the dental pulp and may cause an abscessed tooth. |
4df1064bdb011e840879077f03138c1d | What should you do if you have tooth sensitivity from fillings? | Tooth Pain and Sensitivity Tooth sensitivity following placement of a filling is fairly common. A tooth may be sensitive to pressure, air, sweet foods, or temperature. Usually, the sensitivity resolves on its own within a few weeks. During this time, avoid those things that are causing the sensitivity. Pain relievers are generally not required. Contact your dentist if the sensitivity does not subside within two to four weeks or if your tooth is extremely sensitive. He or she may recommend a desensitizing toothpaste, may apply a desensitizing agent to the tooth, or possibly suggest a root canal procedure. |
0e8d240eab80cc70190fada60a73710a | What are the disadvantages of silver fillings? | Strength -- can withstand chewing forces Expense -- may be less expensive than composite fillings Disadvantages of silver fillings: Poor aesthetics -- silver fillings don't match the color of natural teeth. Destruction of more tooth structure -- healthy parts of the tooth must often be removed to make a space large enough to hold the amalgam filling. Discoloration -- amalgam fillings can create a grayish hue to the surrounding tooth structure. Cracks and fractures -- although all teeth expand and contract in the presence of hot and cold liquids, which ultimately can cause the tooth to crack or fracture, amalgam material -- in comparison with other filling materials -- may experience a wider degree of expansion and contraction and lead to a higher incidence of cracks and fractures. Allergic reactions -- a small percentage of people, approximately 1%, are allergic to the mercury present in amalgam restorations. |
3f2408727d18627f1edbd5b565f7a7d8 | How can I make healthy meal choices if I have diabetes? | Make healthy meal choices. A good rule of thumb is to fill half your dinner plate with nonstarchy vegetables like spinach, carrots, lettuce, or tomatoes. Split the other half between nutritious whole grains or starches (think brown rice or sweet potatoes) and lean protein like skinless chicken. Eat healthy fats, like avocado or nuts, in small amounts. Limit how much salt you eat, too. |
998cd89bed35e767f992c1a4a5b98e9d | What are healthy snacks for people with diabetes? | Snack smarter. Sodas and packaged foods are usually high in calories, salt, and added sugar, but low in vitamins and minerals. If you get hungry between meals, eat something healthy like carrots or grapes. |
588df064a1fad357e8c322abc0a79bf6 | How is radiation used to treat triple-negative breast cancer? | Radiation is often used after surgery to kill any cancer cells still in the area. The goal is to stop the cancer from coming back. It's more common after a lumpectomy. |
75336403fca716ff89d88c991f234760 | How can you take care of yourself if you have triple-negative breast cancer? | After your treatment is over, your doctor will want to see you often to make sure the cancer doesn't return. For the first 3 years, you'll likely see him every 3 to 6 months. For 2 years after that, you'll probably visit every 6 to 12 months. Once you've been cancer-free for 6 years, you'll probably go back only once a year. Tell the doctor right away if you get any new symptoms or if you have pain or other problems that relate to your breasts. |
8404cda97f91d2c69bdf7bb203799f02 | When are you at most risk for triple-negative breast cancer? | You're most at risk for triple-negative breast cancer if you: Are African- American or Latina Are under 40 Have what your doctor will call a BRCA mutation (change in a gene), especially the gene BRCA1 There's no way to know which type you have until you're tested by a doctor. |
cb1f8bdd7ee969d0b9b79203394bea6f | What causes triple-negative breast cancer? | The signs and symptoms of triple-negative breast cancer are often the same as those of otherbreast cancer types, and include: A lump or mass in the breast Breast pain or redness A nipple that turns inward or has a discharge Doctors aren't sure what makes you more likely to get triple-negative breast cancer. Not many women do -- it only affects up to 20% of those who have breast cancer. |
277c1845c494708a0962c86cf1f3cfe8 | How is triple-negative breast cancer diagnosed? | You're most at risk for triple-negative breast cancer if you: Are African- American or Latina Are under 40 Have what your doctor will call a BRCA mutation (change in a gene), especially the gene BRCA1 There's no way to know which type you have until you're tested by a doctor. When doctors find an area in your breast that isn't normal, they'll cut out a little bit of the tissue to test the cells. This is called a biopsy. A doctor called a pathologist will look at your biopsied tissue under a microscope. The structure will tell him if the cells are normal, precancerous, or cancerous. If it's cancer, he'll do more tests to figure out the exact kind. If your cells don't test positive for estrogen, progesterone, or HER2 receptors, then it's diagnosed as triple-negative breast cancer. It might take a couple of weeks to get biopsy results. |
83517bbb825d210867ca68dfe39d6a97 | What questions should you ask your doctor about triple-negative breast cancer? | What medications do you recommend? What stage is my cancer -- has it spread to lymph nodes (glands near the breast) or other areas? Should I have chemotherapy before or after surgery? What type of surgery will I need? Will I need radiation treatments? |
d8cfd9dd66b17a38781f5e5c32a006b8 | What antihistamine pills can children take for allergies? | Over-the-counter oral antihistamines include: Cetirizine ( Zyrtec) Diphenhydramine ( Benadryl) Fexofenadine ( Allegra) Loratadine ( Alavert, Claritin) Steroid nose sprays fight inflammation and help your child breathe better. |
4629a689c69b70e8068d524f141f36fa | What is the key ingredient in Hydroxycut? | Hydroxycut isn't just one product. It's a family of dietary supplements sold without a prescription as weight loss aids. The key ingredient in most Hydroxycut products is Robusta coffee extract ( C. canephora robusta). |
fe61e9ea69cb1c81664edef403743349 | How can bacterial vaginosis (BV) affect pregnancy? | When you're going through fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization ( IVF), you may have less success if you have BV. Pregnant women with BV have had babies who were born premature (before the 37th week) or with a low birth weight (less than 5.5 pounds). Since there's a chance BV could be the cause, you should get it treated. |
8dcbaa12591f100f59fe9568405e24ae | What causes bacterial vaginosis (BV)? | Both "good" and "bad" bacteria live in your vagina. |
54c089c488763495975947b5e546eb37 | What can raise my odds of getting bacterial vaginosis (BV)? | Any woman can get BV, but some things raise your odds, including: Smoking Sexual activity Douching Douching upsets the natural balance of bacteria. Scented soaps, bubble baths, and vaginal deodorants have a similar effect. A new sex partner, or having more than one, makes it more likely that you'll get BV. The reason why isn't clear, but women who have female partners are most at risk. You can also get BV from oral and anal sex. An IUD birth control device, which fits inside your uterus, has been linked to BV -- especially if you have irregular bleeding. But we need more studies to know if it's really a cause. You might have heard that you can get vaginal infections like BV from swimming pools or public toilet seats, but that's not true. |
c76409b6c118f86022095d324f10b39e | What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis (BV)? | Around half of all women with BV show no symptoms. But if you do, you could notice a: Thin white, gray, or green discharge Burning feeling when you pee Fishy smell that gets stronger after sex It's not the same as a yeast infection. Those often itch, have a thick, white discharge, and don't smell. |
2b5e82434a04c2c800f7cc6e4bf6a0a9 | What other infections are associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV)? | Having BV makes it easier for you to get an STI like herpes, chlamydia, or gonorrhea. If you already have HIV, BV raises your chances of passing it on to your partner. If you have BV when you get a hysterectomy or other surgery on your female organs, you're more likely to come down with a bacterial infection afterward. Some of the same things that cause BV can also lead to pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID), an infection of your uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. |
df4974b9ba0c397f834b888aea9f171a | How can I prevent bacterial vaginosis (BV)? | To lower your chances of getting BV, use only water â not even soap -- when you wash your genital area. Don't douche. When you go to the bathroom, wipe from front to back, from your vagina toward your anus. Put a condom on before his penis touches your vagina, mouth, or anus. Clean sex toys after every use. Limit the number of sex partners you have. Get tested for STIs, and have your partners get tested, too. |
18e0c79b91ea903f90565bb4250613cf | How are chordomas removed? | Your treatment will depend on: Your age Your health Size of the tumor Where the tumor is Often, doctors remove the tumor with surgery. Taking out as much of the tumor as possible and some of the tissue around it can stop it from coming back. Sometimes surgeons can't remove the whole tumor because they might damage healthy cells in your brain or spine. Radiation -- high energy X-rays -- can kill any cancer cells that are left behind after surgery. This lowers the chance that the cancer will return. |
90b044ce1db352a49e7c9de15426da95 | What determines treatment of a chordoma? | Your treatment will depend on: Your age Your health Size of the tumor Where the tumor is Often, doctors remove the tumor with surgery. |
beec344f3de83895ce957f48cc57b079 | What are symptoms of chordoma of the spine? | Chordoma in the skull causes symptoms like: Abnormal eye movements Changes to your voice or speech Double vision Headache Loss of feeling and movement in your face Neck pain Trouble swallowing Chordoma of the spine causes symptoms like: Loss of control over your bowels Lump in the lower part of your back Numbness, tingling, or weakness in your arms or legs Pain in your lower back Problems controlling your bladder Sometimes, chordomas in the brain can block the flow of fluid there and in the spine. |
85055edf0430dd5e9ce4701904794ca7 | How do chordomas cause issues with fluid in the brain? | Chordoma in the skull causes symptoms like: Abnormal eye movements Changes to your voice or speech Double vision Headache Loss of feeling and movement in your face Neck pain Trouble swallowing Chordoma of the spine causes symptoms like: Loss of control over your bowels Lump in the lower part of your back Numbness, tingling, or weakness in your arms or legs Pain in your lower back Problems controlling your bladder Sometimes, chordomas in the brain can block the flow of fluid there and in the spine. The fluid can build up and put pressure on the brain. This is called hydrocephalus. |
bb15b227b5eb20b11b6b4522460a1ec0 | Are there current clinical trials for chordoma? | Researchers are studying several new treatments for chordoma. They test these in clinical trials to see if they're safe and if they work. These are often a way for people to try a new therapy that isn't available to everyone. Your doctor can tell you if there's a trial that might be a good fit for you. |
8429068b5ffcd575128f6ca6bed3fc9a | Is it common for chordoma to return after treatment? | Still, chordoma often comes back after treatment. During the first year after your surgery, your doctor will check you with an MRI about once every 3 months to make sure it hasn't. If it does come back, you might need another surgery. |
23d96c5a504658f91e6f9a10151e3775 | What are the treatments for corns and calluses? | Most corns and calluses gradually disappear when the friction or pressure stops, although your doctor may shave the top of a callus to reduce the thickness. Properly positioned moleskin pads can help relieve pressure on a corn. Most foot doctors discourage the use of over-the-counter salicylic-acid corn remedies. When applied improperly, these corn "plasters" can create a chemical skin burn in healthy tissue around the corn and cause infections and ulcers (which is a hole through the skin) in patients with diabetes, poor circulation, or numbness in their feet. Oral antibiotics generally clear up infected corns, but pus may have to be drained through a small incision. |
4603a26b6b1110d46a673e206daa3f5d | Is surgery a good method to remove a corn or callus? | You can consider surgery to remove a plantar callus, but there are no guarantees that the callus won't come back. A conservative approach is best initially. Keep the feet dry and friction-free. Wear properly fitted shoes and cotton socks, not wool or synthetic fibers that might irritate the skin. If a podiatrist or orthopedist thinks your corn or callus is caused by abnormal foot structure, walking motion, or hip rotation, orthopedic shoe inserts or surgery to correct foot deformities may help correct the problem. |
9140446ebbeb0938c4ddfce6cb65dccb | What medicines can treat ulcerative colitis (UC)? | When you have ulcerative colitis ( UC), you'll definitely take medicine to help manage it. There are several kinds your doctor will consider, depending on what you need. Most people with UC take prescription drugs called aminosalicylates (or â5- ASAsâ) that tame inflammation in the gut. These include balsalazide ( Colazal), mesalamine ( Asacol HD, Delzicol), olsalazine ( Dipentum), and sulfasalazine ( Azulfidine). Which one you take, and whether it is taken by mouth or as an enema or suppository, depend on the area of your colon that's affected. As long as you avoid your triggers, these may be enough if your disease is mild to moderate. You may need something else if your condition is more severe or if those standard treatments stop working. |
de0749400edc89bc631f251a2969372d | How effective is laparoscopy in treating endometriosis? | In both types of surgery, about 20% to 30% of women will have their endometriosis return within 5 years. The advantage of laparoscopy is a faster recovery that's less painful. You will probably have to stay in the hospital for several days after a laparotomy, and you may need several weeks to recover. During your recovery at home, you may be restricted from doing some everyday activities. |
cbb567a6f5956f36f196282b1bc8480a | How can operative laparoscopy help with treating endometriosis? | If your doctor finds endometriosis, she can remove some of the tissue growths during the procedure. She can cut them or burn them off using a laser or another technique. |
a02adf159e3a179f5288a1ba8d73ec45 | How can laparoscopy help with treating endometriosis? | If your doctor recommends surgery, the goal is to remove the endometriosis and any scar tissue from your body. Methods include: Laparoscopy. Doctors can diagnose and treat endometriosis with this procedure, which uses a thin instrument called a laparoscope. It has a light attached to it, along with a lens that lets your doctor see inside your pelvic area to look for endometriosis. |
c8f69f24cbbf97060d609e66b3d0bf00 | What is a diagnostic laparoscopy for endometriosis? | During the procedure, your doctor will inflate your abdomen with gas and make a small cut to insert the laparoscope. This is the most reliable way to diagnose the condition. Your doctor may remove a small sample of tissue during the procedure to confirm the diagnosis. |
95d8a9f34ba913ce4734ef67769aefe4 | How soon can you go home after laparoscopy for endometriosis? | You'll probably be able to go home the day of the laparoscopy, but you might need to stay overnight if your surgery is complicated or takes a long time. You might be tired for a few days after the procedure, and your doctor may advise you not to drive for 2 weeks. You may also need to avoid sex and activities like swimming or bathing in a tub for about 2 weeks. |
0cf091a576bf246f6c922614fa1d3307 | How long does perimenopause last? | Perimenopause lasts up until menopause, the point when the ovaries stop releasing eggs. In the last 1 to 2 years of perimenopause, this drop in estrogen speeds up. At this stage, many women have menopause symptoms. The average length of perimenopause is 4 years, but for some women this stage may last only a few months or continue for 10 years. Perimenopause ends when a woman has gone 12 months without having her period. |
3f05866d93e9196767204df816dbff8e | What should you expect in your 4-year-old's motor skills development? | By 3 years, kids usually can: Keep their balance and go up and down stairs Work with small objects Stack more than one block Use both sides of their body Stand on one leg for more than a few seconds By 4 years, kids usually can: Throw a ball overhead or catch a large ball Jump in place or hop on one foot Ride a tricycle Grasp a crayon between their thumb and fingers and scribble Stack four blocks By 5 years, kids usually can: Build a tower of six to eight blocks Gallop or skip Use a child-friendly scissors Hold a crayon comfortably Take off their clothing easily Stand on one foot for 10 seconds Walk up or down stairs alternating steps without using the handrail Brush their teeth Wash and dry their hands These problems can mean children have trouble getting along with adults or other children. |
fbd3cbc05182ee0240cbfa9c85426367 | What should you expect in your 4-year-old's speech and language development? | By 3 years, kids usually: Talk in short sentences, can identify body parts, and make words plural By 4 years, kids usually: Can tell a simple story and recall short nursery rhymes Use sentences of about five words Use "me" and "you" correctly By 5 years, kids usually: Can understand two-part commands with prepositions ("under" or "on") Can give their first and last names Can use plurals or past tense the right way Ask questions like â Why?â or â Who?â Talk about what they did that day Some children can have trouble with movements that use a lot of muscles, such as playing ball, or with smaller movements, like coloring. |
a5f31f567f5bbb9fadfef63283ec9b6d | What should you expect in your 4-year-old's thinking-related development? | By 3 years, kids usually: Can copy a circle Understand simple instructions Join in "pretend" or "make-believe" play Like to play with toys By 4 years, kids usually: Join in interactive games Get involved in fantasy play Can copy a circle By 5 years, kids usually: Aren't as easily distracted Can concentrate on one activity for more than 5 minutes You know your child better than anyone. |
2eda5a1ac0fe27bb507c45d6f608eb96 | How can you tell if your child has developmental delays? | Every child grows and learns at his own pace, and the range of what's normal is pretty wide. It's helpful, though, to know the signs that your child might not have the skills most other kids have at his age. Doctors call those problems developmental delays. Many delays aren't serious, and most kids can catch up, especially when they get early treatment. The key is to get your child the help he needs as soon as you think there's a problem. If you wonder whether your little one is falling behind in emotional, mental, or physical growth, don't wait to find out. Talk to his doctor right away. |
774d67452a3cfc5cb473740bb54ab4db | What should you expect in your 5-year-old's motor skills development? | By 3 years, kids usually can: Keep their balance and go up and down stairs Work with small objects Stack more than one block Use both sides of their body Stand on one leg for more than a few seconds By 4 years, kids usually can: Throw a ball overhead or catch a large ball Jump in place or hop on one foot Ride a tricycle Grasp a crayon between their thumb and fingers and scribble Stack four blocks By 5 years, kids usually can: Build a tower of six to eight blocks Gallop or skip Use a child-friendly scissors Hold a crayon comfortably Take off their clothing easily Stand on one foot for 10 seconds Walk up or down stairs alternating steps without using the handrail Brush their teeth Wash and dry their hands These problems can mean children have trouble getting along with adults or other children. |
f13b7669f84eecebe0e63a25b79560cb | What should you expect in your 3-year-old's speech and language development? | By 3 years, kids usually: Talk in short sentences, can identify body parts, and make words plural By 4 years, kids usually: Can tell a simple story and recall short nursery rhymes Use sentences of about five words Use "me" and "you" correctly By 5 years, kids usually: Can understand two-part commands with prepositions ("under" or "on") Can give their first and last names Can use plurals or past tense the right way Ask questions like â Why?â or â Who?â Talk about what they did that day Some children can have trouble with movements that use a lot of muscles, such as playing ball, or with smaller movements, like coloring. |
a575b5936afea4f03ff3a0916c92c0a6 | What should you expect in your 3-year-old's social or emotional skills? | By 3 years, kids usually: Show interest in other children Get more comfortable being apart from parents or caregivers Can keep good eye contact By 4 years, kids usually: Cling or cry less often when their parents leave Pay attention to other children Respond to people outside of the family By 5 years, kids usually: Show a wide range of emotions Can separate from their parents easily Want to play with other children There are a lot of reasons a child may have problems with their ability to think, learn, and remember, called cognitive skills. |
06a13a87b94039a035044e6bc1b36f76 | When should you talk to your doctor about developmental delays? | By 3 years, kids usually: Can copy a circle Understand simple instructions Join in "pretend" or "make-believe" play Like to play with toys By 4 years, kids usually: Join in interactive games Get involved in fantasy play Can copy a circle By 5 years, kids usually: Aren't as easily distracted Can concentrate on one activity for more than 5 minutes You know your child better than anyone. Don't be afraid to let his doctor know as soon as you feel something isn't right. No matter what kind of developmental delay he might have, early diagnosis and treatment is the best way to make it better. |
4d83e6de806a4218e019636c8011fabb | What can you do to treat language and speech delays in children? | This specialist will study how your child expresses himself, including: What he understands What he can say Other ways he tries to get his thoughts across, such as gestures or nodding If your child does have a delay, he might need speech therapy. A therapist can work with him on how to pronounce words and sounds, and strengthen the muscles in his face and mouth. You can also work with your child on speech and language: Talk with her throughout the day. Point out objects or sounds at home, at the grocery store, in the car, or anywhere you go. Ask her questions and respond to her answers. Read to your child every day. Get treatment for ear infections or any other condition that might affect her hearing. |
de14d59ca73a3af38491330a094eca1c | What different developmental delays can children have problems with? | Children might have problems with: Language or speech Movement, or motor skills Emotional and social skills Thinking skills These problems are the most common type of developmental delay. They sound similar, but they're different types of issues. |
55ad551a2ac903f45d0c9bd152b616c4 | What causes language and speech delays in children? | A delay in these skills can happen for many reasons, including: Problems with a child's tongue or the roof of his mouth, which makes it hard to form sounds and words Hearing loss. Kids who've had a lot of ear infections can have hearing problems. A learning disability A developmental disorder, such as cerebral palsy or autism spectrum disorder What you can do. |
8f1cc0f70307a6dc719f0fd27edda300 | What should you expect in your 5-year-old's social or emotional skills? | By 3 years, kids usually: Show interest in other children Get more comfortable being apart from parents or caregivers Can keep good eye contact By 4 years, kids usually: Cling or cry less often when their parents leave Pay attention to other children Respond to people outside of the family By 5 years, kids usually: Show a wide range of emotions Can separate from their parents easily Want to play with other children There are a lot of reasons a child may have problems with their ability to think, learn, and remember, called cognitive skills. |
52a0b2f5dd04f2c9d28b8012b106b8b1 | What should you expect in your 4-year-old's social or emotional skills? | By 3 years, kids usually: Show interest in other children Get more comfortable being apart from parents or caregivers Can keep good eye contact By 4 years, kids usually: Cling or cry less often when their parents leave Pay attention to other children Respond to people outside of the family By 5 years, kids usually: Show a wide range of emotions Can separate from their parents easily Want to play with other children There are a lot of reasons a child may have problems with their ability to think, learn, and remember, called cognitive skills. |
76f2472eaeb561d25a7639d8ffc86e23 | How can a speech therapist help with your child's language and speech delays? | If you think your child has a problem with his speech or language, let his doctor know right away. The doctor will need to test his hearing. She'll probably also suggest that your child see a professional who can diagnose and treat these delays, called a speech-language pathologist or speech therapist. This specialist will study how your child expresses himself, including: What he understands What he can say Other ways he tries to get his thoughts across, such as gestures or nodding If your child does have a delay, he might need speech therapy. |
7790942d79d38fbd732f35df6af87f6e | What should you expect in your 5-year-old's thinking-related development? | By 3 years, kids usually: Can copy a circle Understand simple instructions Join in "pretend" or "make-believe" play Like to play with toys By 4 years, kids usually: Join in interactive games Get involved in fantasy play Can copy a circle By 5 years, kids usually: Aren't as easily distracted Can concentrate on one activity for more than 5 minutes You know your child better than anyone. |
0953f51b3776cd88ba1d9b85484defa3 | What are signs of motor skill delays? | By 3 years, kids usually: Talk in short sentences, can identify body parts, and make words plural By 4 years, kids usually: Can tell a simple story and recall short nursery rhymes Use sentences of about five words Use "me" and "you" correctly By 5 years, kids usually: Can understand two-part commands with prepositions ("under" or "on") Can give their first and last names Can use plurals or past tense the right way Ask questions like â Why?â or â Who?â Talk about what they did that day Some children can have trouble with movements that use a lot of muscles, such as playing ball, or with smaller movements, like coloring. Sometimes the problem isn't with their strength, but with their coordination. You may notice that your child seems clumsier than other kids his age. |
ccf35254ecf7ccc97922ce25661c8069 | What can you do to help with social and emotional delays in children? | Treatment for a social or emotional delay depends on the cause and how much it affects your child's life. You'll probably work closely with your child's doctor and other professionals to find what helps him the most. Medication or special types of behavioral therapy can help if your child has behavior problems from a delay. You can also work with a therapist to learn how to encourage good social and emotional skills at home. The earlier you work on these problems, the more likely your child can catch up to other kids his age. |
eee7acf8643c033e53d80fa955cedc61 | What should you expect in your 3-year-old's thinking-related development? | By 3 years, kids usually: Can copy a circle Understand simple instructions Join in "pretend" or "make-believe" play Like to play with toys By 4 years, kids usually: Join in interactive games Get involved in fantasy play Can copy a circle By 5 years, kids usually: Aren't as easily distracted Can concentrate on one activity for more than 5 minutes You know your child better than anyone. |
1c116744451d1e79b6a86b5cc40c4127 | What are some possible causes of rashes on the breast? | Paget's disease is a rare skin disorder that's often linked to breast cancer in the tissues behind your nipple. |
37d2fb6e99f9548cc94bab7894f53614 | Why does polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) cause weight gain? | PCOS makes it more difficult for the body to use the hormone insulin, which normally helps convert sugars and starches from foods into energy. This condition -- called insulin resistance -- can cause insulin and sugar -- glucose -- to build up in the bloodstream. High insulin levels increase the production of male hormones called androgens. High androgen levels lead to symptoms such as body hair growth, acne, irregular periods -- and weight gain. |
5d0d0a8835d09a9adbc69e6a99305b6e | What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? | PCOS is the most common hormonal disorder in women of childbearing age and can lead to issues with fertility. Women who have PCOS have higher levels of male hormones and are also less sensitive to insulin or are "insulin-resistant." |
08309cba79438e63766767157b116685 | What is Metformin (Glucophage) for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? | Metformin is a diabetes drug that helps the body use insulin more efficiently. It also reduces testosterone production. Some research has found that it can help obese women with PCOS lose weight. |
c9cd75bc9534739286bee16920deea8e | What healthy lifestyle habits can keep your weight under control with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? | In addition to taking medication, adding healthy habits into your lifestyle can help you keep your weight under control: Eat a high-fiber, low-sugar diet. Load up on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid processed and fatty foods to keep your blood sugar levels in check. If you're having trouble eating healthy on your own, talk to your doctor or a dietitian. Eat four to six small meals throughout the day, rather than three large meals. This will help control your blood sugar levels. Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day on most, if not all, days of the week. |
bd5fe66617dc7a5c5b40f2c5c7669d92 | How are 5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) supplements regulated? | The U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) does regulate dietary supplements; however, it treats them like foods rather than medications. Unlike drug manufacturers, the makers of supplements don't have to show their products are safe or effective before selling them on the market. |
01d906c5260a67406e88c899d6abf9aa | How is osteoarthritis diagnosed? | X-rays are used to diagnose osteoarthritis, typically revealing an uneven loss of cartilage and spurring of the underlying bone. |
23651b2faec9022909d6e2e602c2e2f7 | How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed? | In addition to symptoms and a doctor's exam, blood tests and X-rays are commonly used to confirm rheumatoid arthritis. The majority of people with rheumatoid arthritis have an antibody called rheumatoid factor ( RF) in their blood, although RF may also be present in other disorders. A newer test for rheumatoid arthritis that measures levels of antibodies in the blood (called the anti- CCP test) is more specific and tends to be only elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or in patients about to develop rheumatoid arthritis. |
6f06548d3874ea619988d47e946fa133 | What kinds of brain exercises should I do? | But the main idea seems to be keeping your brain active and challenged. You could start with something as simple as eating with the hand you usually don't use from time to time. You can also: Learn something new, such as a second language or a musical instrument. Play board games with your kids or grandkids. Or get your friends together for a weekly game of cards. Mix it up by trying new games. The extra bonus of activities like these? Social connections also help your brain. Work on crossword, number, or other kinds of puzzles. Play online memory games or video games. Read, write, or sign up for local adult education classes. |
bf86b051134f761556f7baaa98730c42 | What can delay the symptoms of dementia? | Neither education nor brain exercises are a sure way to prevent Alzheimer's. But they may help delay symptoms and keep the mind working better for longer. |
ac03241d93e75df542e0d41071a2c6ce | What is stage 3 of Alzheimer's disease? | It's at this point that you start to notice changes in your loved one's thinking and reasoning, such as: Forgets something he just read Asks the same question over and over Has more and more trouble making plans or organizing Can't remember names when meeting new people You can help by being your loved one's "memory" for him, making sure he pays bills and gets to appointments on time. |
b7c3600460c1a16d250506926d342fff | What is stage 7 of Alzheimer's disease? | Many basic abilities in a person with Alzheimer's, such as eating, walking, and sitting up, fade during this period. You can stay involved by feeding your loved one with soft, easy-to-swallow food, helping him use a spoon, and making sure he drinks. This is important, as many people at this stage can no longer tell when they're thirsty. |
97e59047ee6ca27d7c41c70083f2d712 | What is stage 1 of Alzheimer's disease? | When your loved one is in this early phase, he won't have any symptoms that you can spot. Only a PET scan, an imaging test that shows how the brain is working, can reveal whether he's got Alzheimer's. As he moves into the next 6 stages, your friend or relative with Alzheimer's will see more and more changes in his thinking and reasoning. |
89ad1b86418d212499a5b2f2e8a14d48 | What is stage 6 of Alzheimer's disease? | He might also mistake a person for someone else, for instance, thinking his wife is his mother. Delusions might a set in, such as thinking he needs to go to work even though he no longer has a job. |
72f5bf7e1fbea563f147c9ec1c9172ff | What is stage 2 of Alzheimer's disease? | You still might not notice anything amiss in your loved one's behavior, but he may be picking up on small differences, things that even a doctor doesn't catch. This could include forgetting a word or misplacing objects. At this stage, subtle symptoms of Alzheimer's don't interfere with his ability to work or live independently. Keep in mind that these symptoms might not be Alzheimer's at all, but simply normal changes from aging. |
2f55639173a638bd276ac71c3dd3d45d | What is stage 4 of Alzheimer's disease? | During this period, the problems in thinking and reasoning that you noticed in stage 3 get more obvious, and new issues appear. Your friend or family member might: Forget details about himself Have trouble putting the right date and amount on a check Forget what month or season it is Have trouble cooking meals or even ordering from a menu You can help with everyday chores and his safety. |
21258885974959345e31919719ea6368 | What is stage 5 of Alzheimer's disease? | Your loved one might start to lose track of where he is and what time it is. He might have trouble remembering his address, phone number, or where he went to school. He could get confused about what kind of clothes to wear for the day or season. |
1cf8648a62f10ca9f3b4154633083736 | How is snapping hip syndrome treated? | Unless snapping hip syndrome is painful or causes difficulty in sports or other activities, many people do not see a doctor or have it treated. |
6bf14ffeae0305cbdfd7acca8e82d4a2 | What is the treatment for severe pain from snapping hip syndrome? | For minor snapping syndrome pain, try home treatments such as: Reducing or modifying activity Applying ice Using over-the-counter pain relievers For more severe pain or pain that does not improve with home treatment, see your doctor. |
1b9a7b5785df04e0d64ec16d62d9f6cf | What therapy can help treat snapping hip syndrome? | Physical therapy with emphasis on stretching, strengthening, and alignment can often help. Sometimes, treatment with a corticosteroid injection to the area can relieve inflammation. In rare cases, doctors may recommend surgery. |
f0ebf184dc7ccf50f03b154c5d28603f | How can bone fractures affect your vertebrae? | When your vertebrae -- the small bones of your spine -- get thin and weak, it doesn't take a fall to break them. They can just start to crumble. And you may not feel any pain when it happens. Your vertebrae work together to support your body, so a fracture can keep you from bending, leaning, and twisting the way you do every day -- as when you tie your shoes or take a shower. And once you have a spinal fracture, you're more likely to have another one. If more than one vertebra starts to crumble, you may have a hunched-over posture that gets worse with time. That can cause severe pain and affect your lungs, intestines, and heart. |
00ec93784ec843f47c0cd1cf56a12bdb | How can wrist and forearm fractures lead to? | These can hurt a lot, but they tend not to have the same far-reaching effects as spinal and hip injuries. But they can still cause problems in your everyday life. After all, you use your wrists and hands for so many tasks around the house and out in the world. For example, you might find it harder to write, cook, and do basic grooming tasks like brushing your teeth if the pain doesn't go away. |
34664598709d69e00fdea07d0a6339b5 | How does medication help treat dissociative amnesia? | Medication: There is no medication to treat the dissociative disorders themselves. However, a person with a dissociative disorder who also suffers from depression or anxiety might sometimes benefit from treatment with a medication such as an antidepressant or anti-anxiety drug. |
bcccd097340b0fc7ed4175710e518636 | Is dissociative amnesia different from simple amnesia? | Dissociative amnesia is not the same as simple amnesia, which involves a loss of information from memory, usually as the result of disease or injury to the brain. With dissociative amnesia, the memories still exist but are deeply buried within the person's mind and cannot be recalled. However, the memories might resurface on their own or after being triggered by something in the person's surroundings. |
fcfdf87a9fe85975c59e6840ebb8f301 | When does dissociative amnesia occur? | Dissociative amnesia occurs when a person blocks out certain information, usually associated with a stressful or traumatic event, leaving him or her unable to remember important personal information. With this disorder, the degree of memory loss goes beyond normal forgetfulness and includes gaps in memory for long periods of time or of memories involving the traumatic event. |
8240d26cadf69034ff02934bed758f9c | How can you lower the risk of dissociative amnesia? | Although it may not be possible to prevent dissociative amnesia, it might be helpful to begin treatment in people as soon as they begin to have symptoms. Immediate intervention after a traumatic event or emotionally distressing experience can help to reduce the likelihood of dissociative disorders. |
e85ae4ad020cf9ff639c912624a3603c | What are the symptoms of dissociative amnesia? | The primary symptom of dissociative amnesia is the sudden inability to remember past experiences or personal information. Some people with this disorder also might appear confused and suffer from depression and/or anxiety. |
dcbba3ba8b59a2c916012e22dc82521a | What should you look for in a daycare center's handwashing policy? | How often do employees wash hands? The ideal center should require employees to wash their hands as often as a doctor does -- in between touching every child. If your child-care center doesn't have a sink in every room, look for bottles of hand sanitizer. If employees have to leave the room to clean their hands, they may be less likely to do it. |
3b9572a74e6f37fe88ab244e50f08505 | Should sick children stay home from daycare? | According to joint recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Public Health Association, and the National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care and Early Education, a child should temporarily be kept out of daycare for any of the following: A fever above 101 ° F (checked orally) accompanied by behavior change or other symptoms (sore throat, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.) Diarrhea that can't be contained in a diaper or that makes a toilet-trained child incontinent Vomiting more than two times in a 24-hour period Some centers may be more or less lenient than others. |
3997d9e44fc8c88a523e6ddf55157f0c | What can I eat if I have hypothyroidism? | Calcium and vitamin D supplements can keep hypoparathyroidism in check. A healthy diet helps, too. Your doctor may tell you to: Limit foods with phosphates, like soda and other fizzy drinks. These can pull calcium from your bones. Eat foods high in calcium such as low-fat dairy products, dark green vegetables like collard greens and kale, and foods with added calcium like some cereals and orange juices. |
8007491dae49e5abb5db2b64dbcf5a6a | What things can trigger hypoparathyroidism? | Several things can trigger hypoparathyroidism. They include: Injury or removal of the glands during surgery Autoimmune diseases Radiation therapy to your neck or head Low levels of magnesium Genetic disorders Some of the symptoms of low blood calcium are: Muscle cramps or spasms in your legs, feet, lower back, or face Tingling in your fingers, toes, or lips Anxiety and depression Heart failure An irregular heartbeat Low blood pressure Seizures Low calcium in the long term can lead to: Cataracts Dental problems Movement disorders like tremors Hair loss and brittle nails Your doctor will test your blood and your urine for calcium, PTH, phosphorus, and magnesium. |
401b69044876265c11bc0ca69decab29 | How do I use alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) for skin care? | Start with a low concentration and apply every other day to avoid irritating your skin. Over time, you can gradually start to use it more often, working up to every day. Even at lower doses, though, the acids may irritate and dry skin, and make it more sensitive to the sun. Doctors recommend using moisturizer and sunscreen when you use any products that have AHAs. |
370b3466a57d8f3e96283a04f373e6ae | What is retinol and why is it in skin care products? | It also improves skin tone and color and reduces mottled patches. Many dermatologists prescribe retinol's stronger counterpart, tretinoin, or similar products, to slow skin aging, improve irregular coloring, and clear up acne. Over-the-counter products that have retinols may be weaker, but they can still improve how your skin looks. Using a retinol-based product may make the top layer of your skin dry and flaky. It's best to apply it at night and wear moisturizer and sunscreen the next morning, or ask your dermatologist about alternatives. As you age, your body makes less collagen and elastin, which keep skin strong, flexible, and resilient. The antioxidants in vitamin C may boost the amount of collagen and minimize fine lines, wrinkles, and scars. Vitamin C is in some skin care products such as creams and lotions. |
8a203419db58327957df34624a858aeb | How do antioxidants help with sun damage and wrinkles? | Most plants have these nutrients in varying amounts. They can counter "free radicals," tiny particles that harm DNA inside of cells. Skin cells with that kind of damage can speed up aging, leading to wrinkles, dry skin, dark circles under eyes, dull skin, and more. |
51c566180bf9a10c20e3fd06eb979634 | Why is vitamin C in skin care products? | As you age, your body makes less collagen and elastin, which keep skin strong, flexible, and resilient. The antioxidants in vitamin C may boost the amount of collagen and minimize fine lines, wrinkles, and scars. Vitamin C is in some skin care products such as creams and lotions. If you want to try one, ask your dermatologist for some options. |
fe47148b6d61e186e4983340fc7be0ad | What is green tea extract and why is it in skin care products? | Tea is loaded with nutrients called polyphenols, which have been shown to fight free radicals. Early studies have found the ingredients in tea can ease sun damage and may protect you from skin cancer when you put it on your skin. Use green tea extract under sunscreen to double the protection. Polyphenols in creams and lotions may also slow signs of aging and reduce sagging skin and wrinkles. |
dfbc51a61153a544f09da1fa0ab36aa9 | Why is caffeine in skin care products? | It's also an antioxidant, but experts don't know whether it can reverse aging on your skin. Still, companies have added it to lotions and creams based on research that shows caffeine could help prevent the growth of skin cancer and, when applied to the skin, may make wrinkles less defined, especially ''crow's feet'' around the eyes. |
f6c4082321117e95e652c05f2ff7a1e0 | What is alpha-lipoic acid and why is it in skin care products? | Those with the most antioxidants that have been shown to repair damage and slow the aging process include: Acai oil Alpha-lipoic acid Green tea extract Retinol Coenzyme Q10 ( Co Q10) Caffeine Other plant-based or natural treatments for aging skin found in skin-care products include: Alpha-hydroxy acid Salicylic acid Your body makes this natural chemical, and it's in every cell you have. As an antioxidant, it attacks free radicals throughout the body. In skin care products, companies tout it as a substance that can erase fine lines and wrinkles, diminish pores, and give skin a healthy glow. |
c2862c5503a343dc95828506adf7414d | What is hyaluronic acid and how is it used in skin care? | Your body makes hyaluronic acid naturally, keeping tissues cushioned and lubricated. It's found in skin, joint fluid, and connective tissues. Age, smoking, and an unhealthy diet can cause you to make less of it over time. Products that have hyaluronic acid may help smooth out skin. They work especially well when you use them with vitamin C products. |
7fefffc42b4f39d3adcd7eb7b82d8b98 | What are alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) and how are they used in skin care products? | When you shop for makeup and skin care products, you may see other ingredients on their labels: This group includes glycolic, lactic, citric, and tartaric acids. They're in many products. They exfoliate the skin, reducing fine lines, age spots, acne scars, and uneven skin color. You can get peels with high concentrations of AHAs from a beauty specialist (esthetician) or dermatologist, but you can use lower concentrations -- between 5% and 10% -- in creams or lotions on a daily basis. |
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