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9a4f831656e1a210ed48ec618341f4d9 | What does a mixed dose mean for diabetics? | Mixed dose: A prescribed dose of insulin in which two types of insulin are combined and injected at once; a mixed dose commonly combines a fast-acting and longer-acting insulin. A mixed dose can either come in a pre-mixed syringe or mixed at the time of injection. A mixed dose may be prescribed to provide better blood sugar control. |
c150ac841ce488ade781a20afd77166c | What does gangrene mean? | Gangrene: The death of body tissues, usually due to a lack of blood supply, especially in the legs and feet. |
d94a453b2c5b0a7070e5713ea039dd63 | What is a jet injector for diabetes? | Jet injector: A device that uses high pressure to push insulin through the skin and into the tissue. |
51fa81ef5084bddcd34205e130778279 | What is a calorie? | Calorie: Energy that comes from food; some foods have more calories than others. Fats have more calories than proteins and carbohydrate. |
e1e54c7c6deb57121e152bb2d83c34f0 | What is a glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c)? | Glycated hemoglobin test ( Hb A1c): This is an important blood test to determine how well you are managing your diabetes; hemoglobin is a substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen to tissues. It can also attach to sugar in the blood, forming a substance called glycated hemoglobin or a Hemoglobin A1 C. The test provides an average blood sugar measurement over a 6- to 12-week period and is used in conjunction with home glucose monitoring to make treatment adjustments. The ideal range for people with diabetes is generally less than 7%. This test can also be used to diagnose diabetes when the Hb A1c level is equal to or greater than 6.5%. |
887ae3e158b55d3310873788d63fa599 | What is protein? | Protein: One of three main classes of food; proteins are made of amino acids, which are called the "building blocks of the cells." Cells need protein to grow and to mend themselves. Protein is found in many foods, like meat, fish, poultry, eggs, legumes, and dairy products. |
fbd5fdb296f2f850d9ad0d9686da0deb | What is an urologist? | Urologist: A doctor who specializes in treatment of the urinary tract for men and women, as well as treatment of the genital organs for males. |
be16f3b7b885ec7d2858cd21bfb6a88a | What is a lipid? | Lipid: Another term for a fat or fat-like substance in the blood; the body stores fat as energy for future use, just like a car that has a reserve fuel tank. When the body needs energy, it can break down lipids into fatty acids and burn them like glucose. Excess amounts of fats in the diet can cause fat buildup in the walls of the arteries -- called "atherosclerosis." Excess amounts of calories from fats or other nutrients can lead to an increase in weight gain. |
867e84273e0c8c545a34c80ffcca431f | How does surgery work to treat hypospadias? | There are three kinds, depending on where the urethra opening is located: Near the head of the penis (subcoronal) Along the shaft of the penis (midshaft) Where the penis and scrotum meet, or on the scrotum (penoscrotal) If the location of the opening is near the tip, the penis often works well enough to leave it alone. But many cases of hypospadias call for surgery to move the urethra and opening. This procedure often includes straightening the penis. The goal of surgical correction is to create a penis with normal function and appearance with a urethral opening as close as possible to the ventral tip of the penis. |
59f53c367bfe405fb3a3f0cd2c405a61 | What are the types of hypospadias? | There are three kinds, depending on where the urethra opening is located: Near the head of the penis (subcoronal) Along the shaft of the penis (midshaft) Where the penis and scrotum meet, or on the scrotum (penoscrotal) If the location of the opening is near the tip, the penis often works well enough to leave it alone. |
19076d340d2b4927a57589bc3291d376 | How can you make changes in your eye-care routine to prevent eye fatigue? | Your eye-care routine: Apply a washcloth soaked in warm water to tired, dry eyes (keep your eyes closed). Use artificial tears to refresh your eyes when they feel dry. To help prevent dry eyes while indoors, use an air cleaner to filter dust and a humidifier to add moisture to the air. |
add9a93526ecc7edc46e7bd6a371817c | What happens if you have eye fatigue? | Your eyes are burning, itchy, and tired. It's a common condition but rarely serious. You can take simple steps to prevent or ease this problem. |
711fceecdefd9a0844f48e3238ed940d | What can happen if you have symptoms of eye fatigue? | Be on the lookout for: Sore or irritated eyes Trouble focusing Dry or watery eyes Blurred or double vision Increased sensitivity to light Pain in the neck, shoulders, or back These symptoms can lower your productivity. If you stay awake long hours working, you can make the problem worse. Sleep refreshes your eye with essential nutrients. Lack of sleep may lead to repeated eye irritation. |
6108ae49918655883cfd1a745cb90409 | How do digital devices lead to eye fatigue? | This naturally refreshes the eyes. But studies suggest that people only blink about half as often while looking at a computer or other digital device. This can result in dry, tired, itchy, and burning eyes. |
9c949298462449a1d8d7267446785f60 | How do you know if you need treatment for eye fatigue? | What you're feeling could be a sign of a deeper condition that requires treatment. This is especially important if you have headaches or other problems like: Eye discomfort Double vision A big change in vision Anything that requires intense eye use can cause fatigue. |
ecbdb46f28b8714ad754134e28d47c14 | When should you see a doctor about your eye fatigue? | If the problem doesn't go away, make an appointment for a full eye exam. The doctor can make sure your symptoms aren't linked to a problem like an eye muscle imbalance or dry eye. He can also tell if your glasses or contact lens prescription is up to date and good for computer use. |
12b958edc3212706b5edd7483b3cca90 | When is eye fatigue a serious problem? | This is especially important if you have headaches or other problems like: Eye discomfort Double vision A big change in vision Anything that requires intense eye use can cause fatigue. |
4c3877a39ed7a7ee468c588cc8c6b6fa | How do you know if you have eye fatigue? | The doctor can make sure your symptoms aren't linked to a problem like an eye muscle imbalance or dry eye. |
f590abfcd6001e1485f35a002d8488b6 | How can I change my work environment to prevent eye fatigue? | Your work environment: Change lighting to get rid of glare and harsh reflections. Use an adjustable chair. Place a document holder next to your computer screen. |
0fef8404b2b09d2567ff5a717e65fb36 | How can I prevent eye fatigue? | Make some simple changes to: Your computer screen: Place it 20-26 inches away from your eyes and a little below eye level. Regularly clean off dust and fingerprints from the surface. Smudges can reduce contrast and create problems like glare and reflections. Choose screens that tilt and swivel. Use a glare filter for your screen. |
c4ddedba045603f0a3529ddcca47e4de | How can eating healthy help ease sleep apnea? | Lack of Zzz's and fatigue have also been linked with changes in the hormones leptin and ghrelin, which control your feelings of hunger and fullness. When you're tired, you may want to eat more, and you might feel less satisfied when you do. |
868c1d305945438ce9f5f8cfd03289b3 | How can limiting alcohol and stopping smoking ease sleep apnea? | Did you know they can also make your sleep apnea symptoms worse? Cigarette smoking increases swelling in your upper airway. That can aggravate symptoms like snoring and pauses in breathing. Alcohol decreases the muscle tone in the back of the throat, which can interfere with air flow -- the last thing you need when you already have breathing problems. |
b6a91c1e9d729195ec80b3164867b473 | What are the best foods to eat if you have type 1 diabetes? | The American Diabetes Association suggests you eat these tasty items. They're low in carbs (also known as low glycemic index foods). And they're high in key nutrients like calcium, potassium, fiber, magnesium, and other vitamins. Beans Dark green leafy vegetables Citrus fruit Sweet potatoes Berries Tomatoes Fish high in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon) Whole grains Nuts Fat-free yogurt and milk |
5ca4bc775b32972a8ecdbcddd407145b | Can I eat sugar if I have type 1 diabetes? | But type 1 is caused by genetics and other factors. Still, many sweet foods have a lot of carbs, and that can affect your blood sugar. If a food is "sugar free," that doesn't mean it also has fewer carbs or calories. Read the label so you can count how many carbs you're getting. You may want to consider foods and drinks that use low-calorie or artificial sweeteners. They can satisfy your sweet tooth without the extra carbs and calories. |
68587ffdb7fa26aa84d3cb233b4fe453 | How can sugar affect your type 1 diabetes? | But type 1 is caused by genetics and other factors. Still, many sweet foods have a lot of carbs, and that can affect your blood sugar. If a food is "sugar free," that doesn't mean it also has fewer carbs or calories. Read the label so you can count how many carbs you're getting. You may want to consider foods and drinks that use low-calorie or artificial sweeteners. They can satisfy your sweet tooth without the extra carbs and calories. |
117f65ab48b94fedf3d9cdfc75c1221e | How can carbohydrates affect your type 1 diabetes? | Carbs raise your blood sugar levels faster than any food. How many and what type of carbohydrate foods you eat can affect how well you manage your diabetes. |
9ee390f4dd243f4638670e7b78135530 | Why does diet matter if you have type 1 diabetes? | With type 1 diabetes, your body stops making insulin. So you take insulin every day either through shots or a pump. It's also key to track your blood sugar levels. Insulin is only part of the picture. Diet and exercise also play important roles in helping keep your blood sugar levels stable. When you make healthy food choices and eat consistent amounts through the day, it can help control your sugars. It can also lower your chance of diabetes-related problems like heart disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage. |
48318bd7f225fce619ed4775741bb3b0 | What are some general guidelines for what to eat if you have type 1 diabetes? | Follow some general guidelines: Eat less unhealthy fat. Cut back on the saturated fats you find in high-fat meats like bacon and regular ground beef, as well as full-fat dairy like whole milk and butter. Unhealthy fats raise your chance of heart disease. With diabetes, you face higher-than-average odds of getting heart disease. Make smart food choices to lower that risk. Get enough fiber. It may help control your blood sugar. You can get fiber from whole grains, beans, and fruits and vegetables. Try to get 25-30 grams a day. Those high-fiber foods are always better choices than low-fiber carbs such as refined 'white' grains and processed sugary foods. |
746d6fb5f65b3b6df3cf5d02b181483c | Which foods have carbohydrates? | Carbohydrates are your body's main source of energy. You get them from many foods, like grains (pasta, bread, crackers, and cookies), fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and sugars. |
a60bd4bfe01709623b73990486e5d3fe | What are general diet guidelines for people with type 1 diabetes? | Follow some general guidelines: Eat less unhealthy fat. Cut back on the saturated fats you find in high-fat meats like bacon and regular ground beef, as well as full-fat dairy like whole milk and butter. Unhealthy fats raise your chance of heart disease. With diabetes, you face higher-than-average odds of getting heart disease. Make smart food choices to lower that risk. Get enough fiber. It may help control your blood sugar. You can get fiber from whole grains, beans, and fruits and vegetables. Try to get 25-30 grams a day. Those high-fiber foods are always better choices than low-fiber carbs such as refined 'white' grains and processed sugary foods. |
ff583d5bb10a1216b2f7423171940d9f | How can counting carbs affect your type 1 diabetes? | How many and what type of carbohydrate foods you eat can affect how well you manage your diabetes. Counting carbs helps you keep track of how many carbs you eat. You can work with your doctor or a dietitian to figure out how many grams of carbs you should eat for each meal and snack. You can use the food label, a food exchange app, or other reference to count up the grams of carbs in foods. |
8eecf2f23e43fdb224ccd9340ac11d0a | Why do carbohydrates matter for people with type 1 diabetes? | Carbohydrates are your body's main source of energy. You get them from many foods, like grains (pasta, bread, crackers, and cookies), fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and sugars. Carbs raise your blood sugar levels faster than any food. How many and what type of carbohydrate foods you eat can affect how well you manage your diabetes. |
54ef9fb9149491f1b2465c890892060e | What should you know about allergic asthma triggers? | If your child has allergic asthma and inhales one of his triggers, that can launch an attack, making him cough, wheeze, and have trouble breathing. It's best to know what your child's triggers are so you can help him avoid them altogether or at least keep them far, far away. Each person has their own set of asthma triggers, but there are some common ones you can watch for. |
c95ea26f566b02a5245ad4cba88d7b67 | How should you watch for smoke as a trigger for allergic asthma? | There are a million good reasons to keep yourself and your child away from tobacco smoke, and allergic asthma is one of them. Secondhand smoke is extra toxic to young children because their lungs aren't mature yet. Make sure no one smokes in your home or your car. Other types of smoke, such as from wood-burning stoves, can also make asthma worse. If you can, avoid wood fires, inside and outside. |
3106961688e951d5f50bce919edd5ec7 | How should you watch for cockroaches as a trigger for allergic asthma? | These pests are everywhere but are most common in cities and in southern U. S. states. They eat and drink the same things you do: water and leftovers. But they (and their droppings) can trigger asthma flares. To prevent them, keep food stored in the fridge or in an airtight container, wash dishes right after you use them, sweep up any crumbs, and plug any holes or cracks that let cockroaches get inside. You can also set out traps. If you see any roach droppings, sweep them up right away and put them in the trash. And keep a lid on your trash can inside and take it out often. |
2add05d8841e440f57814ee61fd85621 | How should you watch for dust mites as a trigger for allergic asthma? | There's not much you can do about shedding dead skin, but you can work to keep dust mites from bothering your family. Wash any bed linens that you can at least once a week in hot water, then put them in a hot dryer. Wash stuffed toys the same way. There are also special covers for mattresses and pillows. If you can, trade in carpets, rugs, and fabric furniture for wood, vinyl, and other smooth surfaces. These pests are everywhere but are most common in cities and in southern U. S. states. |
e1c99e66f6d45dfc17540b5eaefada5c | What are symptoms of the third stage of HIV, or AIDS? | AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection. This is usually when your CD4 T-cell number drops below 200. You can also be diagnosed with AIDS if you have an " AIDS defining illness" such as Kaposi's sarcoma (a form of skin cancer) or pneumocystis pneumonia (a lung disease). If you didn't know you were infected with HIV earlier, you may realize it after you have some of these symptoms: Being tired all of the time Swollen lymph nodes in your neck or groin Fever that lasts for more than 10 days Night sweats Unexplained weight loss Purplish spots on your skin that don't go away Shortness of breath Severe, long-lasting diarrhea Yeast infections in your mouth, throat, or vagina Bruises or bleeding you can't explain People with AIDS who don't take medication only survive about 3 years, even less if they get a dangerous infection. |
7816a75801416dbc5dae3387d324f8bf | What are the symptoms of the first stage of HIV? | The symptoms are similar to those of other viral illnesses, and they're often compared to the flu. They typically last a week or two and then completely go away. They include: Headache Fatigue Aching muscles Sore throat Swollen lymph nodes A red rash that doesn't itch, usually on your torso Fever If you have symptoms like these and might have been exposed to someone with HIV in the past 2-6 weeks, you should go to a doctor and ask that you get an HIV test, even if you have had a negative test in the past. |
b07234070b99c712f73704b0ffeb9a43 | How long can you survive with AIDS if you don't take medication? | If you didn't know you were infected with HIV earlier, you may realize it after you have some of these symptoms: Being tired all of the time Swollen lymph nodes in your neck or groin Fever that lasts for more than 10 days Night sweats Unexplained weight loss Purplish spots on your skin that don't go away Shortness of breath Severe, long-lasting diarrhea Yeast infections in your mouth, throat, or vagina Bruises or bleeding you can't explain People with AIDS who don't take medication only survive about 3 years, even less if they get a dangerous infection. But HIV can still be treated at this stage. If you start on HIV drugs, stay on them, follow your doctor's advice regarding other conditions you may have, and have But with the right treatment and a healthy lifestyle, you can live a long time. |
8f9b220ac5987182f9d5ad74210272c1 | What is an otolaryngologist with a rhinology specialization? | Rhinology: These doctors focus on your nose and sinuses. They treat sinusitis, nose bleeds, loss of smell, stuffy nose, and unusual growths. |
a552808d23c89c5f0401fa352b0435da | What are the common problems that pediatric otolaryngologists see? | Common problems include ear infections, tonsillitis, asthma, and allergies. Pediatric ENT's also care for children with birth defects of the head and neck. They also can help figure out if your child has a speech or language problem. |
274fdafce608ede37766ba8a4ece16ee | What conditions do otolaryngologists treat? | ENT's can do surgery and treat many different medical conditions. You would see one if you have a problem involving: An ear condition, such as an infection, hearing loss, or trouble with balance Nose and nasal issues like allergies, sinusitis, or growths Throat problems like tonsillitis, difficulty swallowing, and voice issues Sleep trouble like snoring or obstructive sleep apnea, in which your airway is narrow or blocked and it interrupts your breathing while you sleep Infections or tumors (cancerous or not) of your head or neck Some areas of your head are treated by other kinds of doctors. For example, neurologists deal with problems with your brain or nervous system, and ophthalmologists care for your eyes and vision. |
ef78119db3e0050688116b74f1ef3675 | What is an otolaryngologist with a sleep medicine specialization? | Sleep medicine: Some ENT's specialize in sleep problems that involve your breathing, for instance snoring or sleep apnea. Your doctor may order a sleep study to see if you have trouble breathing at times during the night. |
2d97220db32d72a34a9b36b977f72fac | What are some things you might notice from fibrocystic breast changes? | Aside from a difference in the way your breast tissue feels, you might notice that: Changes are similar in both breasts Dark brown or green discharge leaks from your nipples Lumps change size during your menstrual cycle Pain or discomfort increases before your period Yes. |
8f96f5c7c7445707c0be3aec20def431 | What is the treatment for fibrocystic breast changes? | You usually won't need any -- unless your doctor finds it's cancer. If it's a cyst, your doctor can puncture and drain it. This can lessen pain and pressure, but the fluid can come back. Sometimes, cysts go away on their own. Some women find relief if they avoid caffeine. This is found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and sodas. Studies haven't proven a link, but if you have fibrocystic breasts, you might try cutting back to see if it helps. |
f3404f96df4e9df0bac4e5de5318fa5a | How is polymyalgia rheumatica diagnosed? | Under the new criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology and The European League Against Rheumatism, patients ages 50 years and older can be classified as having PMR if they meet the conditions below: Shoulder pain on both sides Morning stiffness that lasts at least 45 minutes High levels of inflammation measured by blood tests Reported new hip pain Absence of swelling in the small joints of the hands and feet, and absence of positive blood tests for rheumatoid arthritis The new classification criteria may also help to evaluate existing treatments for polymyalgia rheumatica. |
251aa57da13c22b3cbabe8d20a0ff512 | What is the long-term prognosis for people with polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis? | With careful monitoring and appropriate treatment, most patients with polymyalgia rheumatica or temporal arteritis have a normal life span and lifestyle. Most of the time, these diseases can be successfully controlled with steroids and other drugs (including tocilizumab, a rheumatoid arthritis drug which has been touted for people who have trouble with or are nonresponsive to steroids), The success of treatment is related to prompt diagnosis, aggressive treatment, and careful follow-up to prevent or minimize side effects from the medications. |
fdf706559a29b9d227a8238aeeb18dbc | What are the symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica tend to develop quickly and in addition to muscle pain, other symptoms may include: Stiffness around the shoulders and hips, especially in the morning and after resting Weakness Fatigue Generally feeling ill Mild fevers (occasionally) Weight loss About 15% of people with polymyalgia rheumatica also have temporal arteritis and about half of people with temporal arteritis also have polymyalgia rheumatica. |
7d4ef8ae28882c4d98d59da296002957 | What are the risks of long-term steroid treatment and how are they prevented? | Long-term steroid treatment (for a few months to several years) requires additional testing and monitoring. The long-term use of steroids can cause osteoporosis (bone loss), which can be detected with scans similar to X-rays. Taking supplements of calcium and vitamin D, sometimes along with prescription medication is recommended to prevent osteoporosis in people taking steroids. Discuss the potential side effects caused by your treatment with your doctor. |
9fd1198b4f721227fffecb7350f21e6b | How can I learn to relax when I have multiple sclerosis? | A number of methods can calm things down. Exercises include breathing, muscle and mind relaxation, and relaxation to music. Whichever you try, first make sure you have a: Quiet location that's free of distractions Comfortable body position (sit or recline on a chair or sofa) Good state of mind (try to block out worries and distracting thoughts) Then try one of these techniques: Two-minute relaxation. |
8f7eb6f6c9e71cb4412733bdcf9de3c6 | What are some ways someone can reduce stress? | Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress: Some of the emotional signals you may notice are that you: Get angry Find it hard to concentrate Feel worried Become sad Have frequent mood swings Physical warning signs include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Fatigue Weight gain or loss You'll know you're starting to show behavioral warning signs when you: Overreact Act on impulse Use alcohol or drugs Withdraw from your relationships Part of your strategy to cut stress is to keep a positive attitude and accept that there are some events that you can't control. Also try to follow these tips: Assert your feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming angry, combative, or passive. Learn relaxation techniques. Exercise regularly. Eat well-balanced meals. Get enough sleep and rest. Don't rely on alcohol or drugs to end stress. |
5027d145968abf32c0dc77b27ae44b71 | How does deep-breathing relaxation help manage stress? | Imagine a spot just below your navel. Breathe into that spot and fill your belly with air. Let the air fill you from the belly up, then let it out, like deflating a balloon. With every long, slow breath out, you should feel more relaxed. |
e0dc2abb456a29d6e00bc9c0bffa6b1e | How does mind relaxation help manage stress? | As you breathe out, silently say to yourself the word "one," a short word such as "peaceful," or a short phrase such as " I feel quiet." Continue for 10 minutes. If your mind wanders, gently remind yourself to think about your breathing and your chosen word or phrase. Let your breathing become slow and steady. |
bbe74bc4c330282cd89358a3e84f3a33 | What are the emotional signals of oncoming stress from multiple sclerosis? | Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress: Some of the emotional signals you may notice are that you: Get angry Find it hard to concentrate Feel worried Become sad Have frequent mood swings Physical warning signs include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Fatigue Weight gain or loss You'll know you're starting to show behavioral warning signs when you: Overreact Act on impulse Use alcohol or drugs Withdraw from your relationships Part of your strategy to cut stress is to keep a positive attitude and accept that there are some events that you can't control. |
7f44f7991abb4660d58e9e9b0ea620fc | What are the physical warning signs of oncoming stress? | Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress: Some of the emotional signals you may notice are that you: Get angry Find it hard to concentrate Feel worried Become sad Have frequent mood swings Physical warning signs include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Fatigue Weight gain or loss You'll know you're starting to show behavioral warning signs when you: Overreact Act on impulse Use alcohol or drugs Withdraw from your relationships Part of your strategy to cut stress is to keep a positive attitude and accept that there are some events that you can't control. |
0810f9f23cbb92c7b79398a4b2e2aebc | What can I do to reduce stress? | Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress: Some of the emotional signals you may notice are that you: Get angry Find it hard to concentrate Feel worried Become sad Have frequent mood swings Physical warning signs include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Fatigue Weight gain or loss You'll know you're starting to show behavioral warning signs when you: Overreact Act on impulse Use alcohol or drugs Withdraw from your relationships Part of your strategy to cut stress is to keep a positive attitude and accept that there are some events that you can't control. Also try to follow these tips: Assert your feelings, opinions, or beliefs instead of becoming angry, combative, or passive. Learn relaxation techniques. Exercise regularly. Eat well-balanced meals. Get enough sleep and rest. Don't rely on alcohol or drugs to end stress. |
960a887e32c3789fd11d980c122d05af | How is two minute relaxation used to manage stress from multiple sclerosis? | Switch your thoughts to yourself and your breathing. Take a few deep breaths, then breathe out slowly. Mentally scan your body. Notice areas that feel tense or cramped and then loosen them up. |
beec82fcbdb6817bad17063d9ea46325 | How can I manage my emotions if I have multiple sclerosis? | There are many ways to keep those feelings under control, including relaxation methods and exercise. To help manage your emotions, it helps to learn the warning signs that you are under too much stress. Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress: Some of the emotional signals you may notice are that you: Get angry Find it hard to concentrate Feel worried Become sad Have frequent mood swings Physical warning signs include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Fatigue Weight gain or loss You'll know you're starting to show behavioral warning signs when you: Overreact Act on impulse Use alcohol or drugs Withdraw from your relationships Part of your strategy to cut stress is to keep a positive attitude and accept that there are some events that you can't control. |
4f5b99da30e28b28e18d53ea6623e390 | How can someone let go of as much tension as they can to help manage stress? | Rotate your head in a smooth, circular motion once or twice. ( Stop if you feel pain.) Roll your shoulders forward and backward several times. Let all your muscles completely relax. Recall a pleasant thought for a few seconds. Take another deep breath and then breathe out slowly. |
b02c33dd455f97cab9b2cd67a3140b15 | What can happen if someone has a long-term illness like multiple sclerosis? | There are many ways to keep those feelings under control, including relaxation methods and exercise. To help manage your emotions, it helps to learn the warning signs that you are under too much stress. Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress: Some of the emotional signals you may notice are that you: Get angry Find it hard to concentrate Feel worried Become sad Have frequent mood swings Physical warning signs include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Fatigue Weight gain or loss You'll know you're starting to show behavioral warning signs when you: Overreact Act on impulse Use alcohol or drugs Withdraw from your relationships Part of your strategy to cut stress is to keep a positive attitude and accept that there are some events that you can't control. |
6cf1456c6e7607a8206aff599f03245e | How can I let go of as much tension as possible from multiple sclerosis? | Rotate your head in a smooth, circular motion once or twice. ( Stop if you feel pain.) Roll your shoulders forward and backward several times. Let all your muscles completely relax. Recall a pleasant thought for a few seconds. Take another deep breath and then breathe out slowly. |
2035776e3aa4473c7e7f8fc614b94693 | How can someone learn to relax to help manage stress? | A number of methods can calm things down. Exercises include breathing, muscle and mind relaxation, and relaxation to music. Whichever you try, first make sure you have a: Quiet location that's free of distractions Comfortable body position (sit or recline on a chair or sofa) Good state of mind (try to block out worries and distracting thoughts) Then try one of these techniques: Two-minute relaxation. |
67f87e154dfe0b7208037ed5ab03d79f | How can I use mind relaxation to help treat stress from multiple sclerosis? | As you breathe out, silently say to yourself the word "one," a short word such as "peaceful," or a short phrase such as " I feel quiet." Continue for 10 minutes. If your mind wanders, gently remind yourself to think about your breathing and your chosen word or phrase. Let your breathing become slow and steady. |
b3ae3c9394c37c76201a124b85fcb756 | What are the behavioral warning signs of stress from multiple sclerosis? | Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress: Some of the emotional signals you may notice are that you: Get angry Find it hard to concentrate Feel worried Become sad Have frequent mood swings Physical warning signs include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Fatigue Weight gain or loss You'll know you're starting to show behavioral warning signs when you: Overreact Act on impulse Use alcohol or drugs Withdraw from your relationships Part of your strategy to cut stress is to keep a positive attitude and accept that there are some events that you can't control. |
607c37b3a9877d6fda2360e29cf03b79 | What are some emotional signs of stress? | Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress: Some of the emotional signals you may notice are that you: Get angry Find it hard to concentrate Feel worried Become sad Have frequent mood swings Physical warning signs include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Fatigue Weight gain or loss You'll know you're starting to show behavioral warning signs when you: Overreact Act on impulse Use alcohol or drugs Withdraw from your relationships Part of your strategy to cut stress is to keep a positive attitude and accept that there are some events that you can't control. |
9e5dcf2919bde4656d76cfff7498a8cb | What is two-minute relaxation for stress management? | Switch your thoughts to yourself and your breathing. Take a few deep breaths, then breathe out slowly. Mentally scan your body. Notice areas that feel tense or cramped and then loosen them up. |
99fde461343e5bb6283dd9d813a63369 | How can I use deep breathing relaxation to help treat stress from multiple sclerosis? | Imagine a spot just below your navel. Breathe into that spot and fill your belly with air. Let the air fill you from the belly up, then let it out, like deflating a balloon. With every long, slow breath out, you should feel more relaxed. |
98c591a5b1d2ef258d3950be99add361 | What are some behavioral warning signs of stress? | Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress: Some of the emotional signals you may notice are that you: Get angry Find it hard to concentrate Feel worried Become sad Have frequent mood swings Physical warning signs include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Fatigue Weight gain or loss You'll know you're starting to show behavioral warning signs when you: Overreact Act on impulse Use alcohol or drugs Withdraw from your relationships Part of your strategy to cut stress is to keep a positive attitude and accept that there are some events that you can't control. |
c2e4fa629d9805b3d964fc2158088432 | What are some physical warning signs of stress? | Your body sends out physical, emotional, and behavioral warning signs of stress: Some of the emotional signals you may notice are that you: Get angry Find it hard to concentrate Feel worried Become sad Have frequent mood swings Physical warning signs include: Stooped posture Sweaty palms Fatigue Weight gain or loss You'll know you're starting to show behavioral warning signs when you: Overreact Act on impulse Use alcohol or drugs Withdraw from your relationships Part of your strategy to cut stress is to keep a positive attitude and accept that there are some events that you can't control. |
caa8ce501f8b91f7682f60c2d5d5aba1 | Is the bird flu going to be the next flu pandemic? | While experts say it's inevitable that sooner or later we'll see another flu pandemic, it's by no means certain that the current bird flu virus will be the cause. Even if a new human flu emerges, public health officials might be able to contain it. H5 N1 is susceptible to the newer flu drugs. And a vaccine already has been created and stockpiled by the World Health Organization. |
e3d3b5cee764e7b6386ab97bb3827822 | How could the bird flu become airborne or more of a risk to humans? | If a person -- or a susceptible animal -- gets infected with bird flu and human flu at the same time, the bird and human flu viruses could swap genes. Even without swapping genes, H5 N1 could mutate into a form that more easily infects humans. The lab-created H5 N1 mutants remain in high-security labs. But the mutations needed to make H5 N1 an airborne, human virus already exist in H5 N1 viruses seen in nature. So far, the full set of mutations has not appeared in the same virus. |
486f6618eb9f8e06ffa018159a7ef5b2 | What are common triggers of migraines? | Common triggers include: Lighting: Bright, flickering, or fluorescent lights can bring migraines to some people. So can glaring computer screens. Smells: You may get a migraine when faced with strong odors like perfumes, secondhand smoke, or cleaners. Different smells can affect people with migraine. Even a whiff of someone's lunch in the microwave can be a trigger. Noise: For some, loud sounds or too much noise can bring a migraine. Travel: Heading out of town for work can bring the pain. It can happen because you change how you sleep and eat when you're on the road. Stress: Many people have lots of pressure on the job. Migraines are most likely to happen when you're stressed. |
01f6dfd7148d0caba7448185f81d30a0 | What causes meningitis? | Meningitis symptoms can develop within hours or days and may include: Confusion Fever Headache Numbness in your face Sensitivity to light Stiff neck so that you can't lower your chin to your chest Upset stomach or vomiting Meningitis is almost always caused by a bacterial or viral infection that begins somewhere else in your body, like your ears, sinuses, or throat. Less common causes of meningitis include: Autoimmune disorders Cancer medications Syphilis Tuberculosis It's an extremely serious illness. |
04d86b3105cdf2c814478ebc1db49d35 | What is fungal meningitis? | Fungal meningitis is much less common than the bacterial or viral forms. Healthy people rarely get it. Someone with a problem with their immune system -- because they have AIDS, for example -- is more likely to become infected with this form of meningitis. |
01b4acc22b9aa77b74a29c9d413b3306 | Who's more likely to get meningitis? | Anyone can get meningitis, but research shows that it's more common in these age groups: Children under 5 Teenagers and young adults ages 16-25 Adults over 55 Meningitis is more of a danger for people with certain medical conditions, such as a damaged or missing spleen, long-term disease, or immune system disorders. Because certain germs that cause meningitis can spread easily, outbreaks are most likely to happen in places where people live close to each other. College students in dorms or military recruits in barracks can be more likely to catch the disease. |
4a6fb913fbaddee7df978250020292e9 | What are the different types of meningitis? | There are several causes of this disease, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening and spreads between people in close contact with each other. Viral meningitis tends to be less severe, and most people recover completely without treatment. Fungal meningitis is a rare form of the disease. It usually happens only in people whose immune system -- the body's defense against germs -- has been weakened. |
053a53157f8f0e896dba6af1e67d61b7 | How does bacterial meningitis spread? | The bacteria that cause meningitis can spread when people who are infected cough or sneeze. If you or your child has been around someone who has bacterial meningitis, ask your doctor what steps you should take to avoid catching it. |
db5859d0d168ccf957cb1c0b88fe9817 | How does bacterial meningitis start? | In many cases, bacterial meningitis starts when bacteria get into your bloodstream from your sinuses, ears, or throat. The bacteria travel through your bloodstream to your brain. |
c42334c9ee90114166420ec684a3a888 | My child has Down syndrome. What are some everyday parenting tips? | They also respond better to positive support than discipline. Keep both of those things in mind as you try the following tips. Do all the run-of-the-mill kid things: Give your child chores around the house. Just break them up into small steps and be patient. Have your child play with other kids who do and don't have Down syndrome. Keep your expectations high as your child tries and learns new things. Make time to play, read, have fun, and go out together. Support your child in doing day-to-day tasks on his own. |
ed6c51beaf2f85c2b1e31b6c803e1107 | Does precision medicine exist for everyone? | Precision medicine, at its core, is about matching the right drugs to the right people. But today it's not yet possible for every disease. So even though it sounds like a great idea, your doctor might still give you the standard drug that most other people get. |
90e2321450a84cb86cbaa65a953659c6 | Will precision medicines cure cancer? | Cancers can evolve over time and become resistant to a treatment. Or a drug may work against only part of a tumor, which lets the remaining part continue to grow. |
b40bcc96ba2b9814c40a7a6993afbf8b | Where is precision medicine most used currently? | Where precision medicine is starting to make a difference is in the treatment of some cancers. Researchers are beginning to change how they classify tumors. The genetics of some breast cancers, for instance, may be more like stomach tumors than other breast cancers. With precision medicine, cancers that are genetically alike are treated similarly. For example, doctors know a drug called Gleevec (imatinib) works to treat leukemia only when the cancer cells have one particular genetic makeup. So, rather than treat everyone with leukemia using Gleevec, doctors test people for that specific genetic mix and give the drug only to those who have it. They're using the same approach to decide which meds people take for breast, lung, and colorectal cancers, as well as melanoma. |
51798f814def112ce8ffa344d1572e7a | What is a low-pressure headache? | Two types of headaches are caused by a change of pressure inside your skull: Low-pressure headaches (your doctor may call them spontaneous intracranial hypotension, or SIH) and high-pressure headaches (idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or IIH). A low-pressure headache often gets worse when you stand or sit. It can get better if you lie down. It can start at the back of the head, sometimes with neck pain, though it can be felt all over your head. It often gets worse with coughing, sneezing, and exertion. It can come with: Ringing in your ears Muffled hearing Dizziness Nausea You might feel a stabbing pain, throbbing, or just overall pressure in your head. |
7fb12c962e8f13b1395a67d67e4bb94d | What should you do if you get regular headaches? | For some, though, headaches are an inconvenient -- sometimes debilitating -- part of their lives. If you get regular headaches, it's important to work with your doctor to uncover the cause and find out how to treat it. That's not always easy because headaches can be caused by many things, from eating ice cream too quickly, to stroke, to many other serious conditions. Two types of headaches are caused by a change of pressure inside your skull: Low-pressure headaches (your doctor may call them spontaneous intracranial hypotension, or SIH) and high-pressure headaches (idiopathic intracranial hypertension, or IIH). A low-pressure headache often gets worse when you stand or sit. |
f006e277a19f2b0ac4b252a82ee3bddf | What are symptoms of high-pressure headaches? | The symptoms of a high-pressure headache often mimic those of a brain tumor, which is why IIH used to be called âpseudotumor cerebri,â or âfalse brain tumor.â Those symptoms include: Migraine-like or throbbing pain that's often worse in the morning Neck and shoulder pain Headaches that get worse with coughing, sneezing, or exertion Severe headaches that last for a long time Changes in vision or a ringing in the ears IIH is rare. |
6d10078ab4dc20c99ffd8f35d15f70cb | How are low-pressure headaches treated? | Treatment: Your symptoms may go away by themselves. Sometimes, rest, drinking lots of water, and caffeine may help. A common treatment is something called an epidural blood patch, which tries to stop your CSF leak. Blood is taken from your arm and injected into an area of your spinal canal to âpatchâ the leak. This may not work the first time -- the actual spot where the CSF leaks is hard to find -- so you may have to go through the procedure several times. Your doctor may prescribe a medicine called theophylline. |
e11e3c6d6067da343c11c3864a2200f8 | What is a remission of multiple sclerosis? | An attack is followed by a time of recovery when you have few or no symptoms, called remission. It can last weeks, months, or longer. The disease doesn't get worse during these breaks. |
65b246e211e03d61d762384ec3e52642 | What are the symptoms of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis? | No two people with MS are likely to have the same symptoms in the same way. Some may come and go or appear once and not again. The symptoms you have depend on the area of your brain or spinal cord that the disease has damaged. They can include: Eye pain and vision problems such as double vision or jumpy vision. These problems may be the first sign you have RRMS. Numbness and tingling Sensitivity to heat Pain that runs down the spine, like a mild electrical shock, when you bend your neck Dizziness Bowel or bladder problems Sexual problems, like trouble getting aroused or climaxing Stiff muscles and trouble moving your body Feeling weak and tired Problems with balance and coordination A hard time thinking clearly Depression An RRMS attack can last anywhere from 24 hours to several weeks. |
9dd46e7f31b5146ec8c15a5acf68e51b | What other drugs can be used to treat different relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) symptoms? | A short-term, high-dose course of steroids can help: Reduce inflammation Make the relapse shorter and less severe Your doctor may prescribe other types of drugs to treat different RRMS symptoms. For example, you might take: Antidepressants Pain relievers Drugs to fight fatigue A healthy lifestyle is an important way to feel your best. |
b360277a922da2f4dd2327319bd218fc | How do symptom flares of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) happen? | The symptom flares of RRMS happen when the brain and spinal cord get inflamed. Reducing the inflammation is key to treating a relapse. |
4229751b3bcf41bae8b1933ac30c5b34 | When should you talk to your doctor about relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)? | It can involve: One or many symptoms An existing problem that gets worse A new symptom Tell your doctor about signs of a relapse as soon as possible. If you treat it quickly, you might be able to reduce lasting damage and disability. |
059ff640cc8d9de24c24027057403cab | How do steroid treatments help with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)? | A short-term, high-dose course of steroids can help: Reduce inflammation Make the relapse shorter and less severe Your doctor may prescribe other types of drugs to treat different RRMS symptoms. |
9693f8dd2fd6ea50527a48ddfca5d192 | What medications are used to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)? | Some medications for RRMS fight the disease by turning down the body's immune system so that it doesn't attack nerves. These are called disease-modifying drugs ( DMDs). Doctors might also call them immunotherapy or disease-modifying therapy ( DMT). These drugs make relapses happen less often and make them less severe. They may keep the disease from getting worse for a while. |
ed166db42695787b2471da14afa3e466 | What are the symptoms of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)? | No two people with MS are likely to have the same symptoms in the same way. Some may come and go or appear once and not again. The symptoms you have depend on the area of your brain or spinal cord that the disease has damaged. They can include: Eye pain and vision problems such as double vision or jumpy vision. These problems may be the first sign you have RRMS. Numbness and tingling Sensitivity to heat Pain that runs down the spine, like a mild electrical shock, when you bend your neck Dizziness Bowel or bladder problems Sexual problems, like trouble getting aroused or climaxing Stiff muscles and trouble moving your body Feeling weak and tired Problems with balance and coordination A hard time thinking clearly Depression An RRMS attack can last anywhere from 24 hours to several weeks. |
5b5ae153060132228892cc03982ebd0f | What oral disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) are used to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)? | These include: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Three types of DMDs come in pill form. They are: Dimethyl fumarate ( Tecfidera) Fingolimod ( Gilenya) Teriflunomide ( Aubagio) DMDs have side effects. |
a9424219b1bb9556984b12a079f6217f | What should you keep in mind when exercising to help with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)? | Exercise can help you: Stay mobile Control your weight Boost your mood and energy levels Try different types of exercise, including activities to get your heart pumping, like walking or swimming, and moves that strengthen your muscles and stretch your body. When you make an exercise plan, keep in mind: Start slowly, even with 5 to 10 minutes of activity. Avoid getting overheated if you are sensitive to temperature. Ask a physical therapist to help you build an exercise program. |
f1e466c4266e9dd8468b9530267d679f | What intravenous disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) are used to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)? | These drugs include: Glatiramer ( Copaxone) Interferon beta-1a ( Avonex, Rebif) Interferon beta-1b ( Betaseron) Peginterferon beta -1a ( Plegridy) You'll need to take some DMDs through an IV at a clinic or hospital. These include: Alemtuzumab ( Lemtrada) Mitoxantrone ( Novantrone) Natalizumab ( Tysabri) Ocrelizumab ( Ocrevus) Three types of DMDs come in pill form. |
0a1b0f30bb1f95783c8cd9df334ab5ed | How can relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) change to a different type of multiple sclerosis (MS)? | After 10 to 20 years, RRMS usually changes to a different type of MS called secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. You won't have relapses as often, but the disease gets gradually worse. |
898ef7421955368ea2f2e33419d30dfb | How long do relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) attacks last and what does it involve? | Numbness and tingling Sensitivity to heat Pain that runs down the spine, like a mild electrical shock, when you bend your neck Dizziness Bowel or bladder problems Sexual problems, like trouble getting aroused or climaxing Stiff muscles and trouble moving your body Feeling weak and tired Problems with balance and coordination A hard time thinking clearly Depression An RRMS attack can last anywhere from 24 hours to several weeks. It can involve: One or many symptoms An existing problem that gets worse A new symptom Tell your doctor about signs of a relapse as soon as possible. |
3695ab5c68c355eb8f0c82ff978a5e9f | Are steroids used to treat flare-ups of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis? | The symptom flares of RRMS happen when the brain and spinal cord get inflamed. Reducing the inflammation is key to treating a relapse. Mild flares may not need treatment. If you have severe symptoms, your doctor may recommend steroids. You can take some of these medications through an IV and others by mouth. |
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