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22540033288085100c0919a76db2c816 | Can dysthymia worsen? | It's not uncommon for a person with dysthymia to also experience an episode ofmajor depression at the same time. This is called double depression. That's why it's so important to seek an early and accurate medical diagnosis. Your doctor can then recommend the most effective treatment to help you feel yourself again. |
008486bf61a723a770f133e38b327fb1 | What else can I do to feel better if I have dysthymia? | Getting an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment is a major step in feeling better with chronic depression. In addition, ask your doctor about the benefits of healthy lifestyle habits such as eating a well-balanced diet, getting regular exercise, avoiding alcohol and smoking, and being with close friends and family members for strong social support. These positive habits are also important in improving mood and well-being. |
193be89a75f1643df72d46b1136734d4 | How can you have delusions if you have schizophrenia? | These are beliefs that seem strange to most people and are easy to prove wrong. The person affected might think someone is trying to control their brain through TVs or that the FBI is out to get them. They might believe they're someone else, like a famous actor or the president, or that they have superpowers. |
af3efa22b33d725140b75b7a4c9a3b21 | What is it like to have severe schizophrenia? | When the disease is in full swing and symptoms are severe, the person with schizophrenia can't tell when certain ideas and perceptions they have are real or not. This happens less often as they get older. |
93ebacb29c3b62f761f9eb0827de8da3 | What are cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia? | These symptoms reflect how well the person's brain learns, stores, and uses information. Someone with schizophrenia might have a hard time with their working memory. For example, they may not be able to keep track of different kinds of facts at the same time, like a phone number plus instructions. Along with having trouble paying attention, it can be hard for them to organize their thoughts and make decisions. |
469f6374a40358dc2f788bc4fd226527 | Who is likely to get affected by schizophrenia? | They usually start between ages 16 and 30. Men often get them earlier than women. |
07732950d52030a31d845903e8258841 | How can you have trouble concentrating if you have schizophrenia? | For example, someone might lose track of what's going on in a TV show as they're watching. |
47fbede3dd8443c737c82ceda086f02f | How does schizophrenia affect movement? | Some people with schizophrenia can seem jumpy. Sometimes they'll make the same movements over and over again. But sometimes they might be perfectly still for hours at a stretch, which experts call being catatonic. Contrary to popular belief, people with the disease usually aren't violent. |
3e3a6ef85f06c9a8bf126b81eb4e0bdf | Can an oral surgeon help with my impacted teeth? | Impacted teeth: This mostly happens with wisdom teeth. But it can happen in other places in your mouth, too. When the teeth come through the gums for the first time, it might be crowded, so they either don't come out at all or don't come out completely. This can cause sore gums and infections. Your dentist or surgeon might recommend you get your wisdom teeth pulled, even before they present any problems. |
136a74c9d0a89949e3229b815713b6b5 | How can an oral surgeon help me with a missing tooth? | Implants: You can replace a missing tooth with a dental implant. The surgeon imbeds a titanium implant into your jaw, then your dentist attaches a crown. |
59637156396cd6a27eb3c091f5b52f3a | What conditions can oral surgeons help treat? | Cancer treatment: Oral surgeons also treat cancers, not just of the mouth, but also of the head and neck, like of the salivary glands, sinuses, throat, larynx, and lips. Oral surgeons can also help with: Nerve repair Cleft lips and cleft palate surgery Removal of lesions on the face or inside the mouth If you have problems with your teeth or gums, talk with your dentist. |
c9608314762bdae7140b8bfefd30700f | Can an oral surgeon help with issues with my jaw joint? | Jaw-joint issues: The temporomandibular joint ( TMJ) connects your jaw to your skull. It's that little âhingeâ right in front of the ears. It can cause problems like pain in your jaw, jaw-popping, stiffness, and headaches. Oral devices, pain medication, and ice packs can help. But people with recurring problems may need oral surgery. |
aec4bc1e8806de347f198abd2abfaac8 | Can an oral surgeon help correct issues with breathing and sleep? | Sleep and breathing issues: This covers things like snoring and sleep apnea, a condition that causes you to stop breathing for brief periods during sleep. A doctor with special training may recommend a CPAP machine or other appliance that can open your airway. He may also want you to have surgery, and you'd go to an oral surgeon. The type of surgery you'd have would depend on what's blocking your breathing. |
9117fdb56db707eb8870447b5d298fe3 | If I have problems with my teeth, gums, or jaws, why should I talk to my dentist first? | If you have problems with your teeth, gums, or jaws, go see your dentist, even if the pain is in the area around your mouth or face. If it's an emergency and a dentist is not available, head to an urgent care clinic rather than the ER. It's best, though, to try to avoid both if possible. They will only administer medication for the symptoms and tell you to see a dentist. They may also charge 3 to 4 times what it may cost to solve the problem. Your dentist can handle most oral problems. If he thinks you need an oral surgeon, he'll recommend one. |
b0172e386614ea94ff1ae54ff3ce04c1 | What are oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and what kind of training do they get? | If your dentist recommends maxillofacial surgery, he's talking about a specialty of dentistry that relates to your face and jaws. It's a surgery that treats disease and injuries of the areas around your mouth. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons must complete extra training and education beyond what is normal for a dentist. Some get a medical degree (an MD) along with their oral surgery diplomas. They put in at least 4 years of training in a hospital-based surgical program alongside medical residents in many different specialties, including anesthesia. That includes various types of IV sedation, including "twilight sleep" and general anesthesia, where you're unconscious and can't feel any pain. |
3041e3d7a3c4b052d9123ffb68eed321 | Can cold air trigger allergies? | Many people with allergic asthma find that cold air is a problem, especially when they exercise outside. It can trigger a coughing fit. |
57bec8c7acd853908c2557bd61513137 | Can heat trigger allergies? | Air pollution is worst on hot summer days. Ozone and smog can be a serious trigger for people with allergic asthma. |
3831f97e75f8e2fc06a69d3b38056c25 | How can I make my home more allergy-proof? | Use air conditioning to filter out mold and pollen. Use a dehumidifier to ward off mold growth and dust mites. |
52aa02357fbe61bd0010bd09100e8f20 | What are the common weather triggers for allergies? | Wind blows pollen into the air, causing hay fever. If you have pollen allergies, shut the windows and stay indoors on windy days. Rainy or humid days. Moisture makes mold grow, both indoors and out. Dust mites also thrive in humid air. But if you're allergic to pollen, humid or damp days are good. The moisture weighs down the pollen, keeping it on the ground. Cold air. Many people with allergic asthma find that cold air is a problem, especially when they exercise outside. It can trigger a coughing fit. Heat. Air pollution is worst on hot summer days. |
7c664ef6f81f023856b15bb6349d13ec | Can rainy or humid days trigger allergies? | Moisture makes mold grow, both indoors and out. Dust mites also thrive in humid air. But if you're allergic to pollen, humid or damp days are good. The moisture weighs down the pollen, keeping it on the ground. |
5441db12dc1560c53f03b8dc0b360f37 | How can season change affect allergies? | In cooler states, plants start to release pollens in February or March. Tree pollens are also a common spring allergy cause. Summer. Early in summer, grass pollen can trigger reactions. Later in the summer, ragweed and other weeds can become a problem. Mold can hit its peak in July in the warmer states. Fall. Ragweed season usually ends with the first frost in October. In colder states, mold tends to be worst in the fall. Winter. Indoor allergens -- like pet dander and dust mites -- can become more of a problem in winter. |
da2f26917095e8f7a50890c7c04f31b2 | What neurotransmitters play a role in bipolar disorder? | Disruption of circuits that communicate using dopamine in other brain areas appears connected to psychosis and schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in reality and illogical thought patterns and behaviors. The brain chemical serotonin is connected to many body functions such as sleep, wakefulness, eating, sexual activity, impulsivity, learning, and memory. Researchers believe that abnormal functioning of brain circuits that involve serotonin as a chemical messenger contribute to mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorder). |
eaf3cb455e71ebcb38c280a46842af45 | Can lack of sleep cause bipolar disorder? | Some findings show that people with bipolar disorder have a genetic predisposition to sleep-wake cycle problems that may trigger symptoms of depression and mania. The problem for those with bipolar disorder, however, is that sleep loss may lead to a mood episode such as mania (elation) in some patients. Worrying about losing sleep can increase anxiety, thus worsening the bipolar mood disorder altogether. Once a sleep-deprived person with bipolar disorder goes into the manic state, the need for sleep decreases even more. |
03b7c2f18b8abc45d6ee9b3952591ada | How does progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) work? | Here is how it works; While inhaling, contract one muscle group (for example your upper thighs) for 5 seconds to 10 seconds, then exhale and suddenly release the tension in that muscle group. Give yourself 10 seconds to 20 seconds to relax, and then move on to the next muscle group (for example your buttocks). While releasing the tension, try to focus on the changes you feel when the muscle group is relaxed. Imagery may be helpful in conjunction with the release of tension, such as imagining that stressful feelings are flowing out of your body as you relax each muscle group. Gradually work your way up the body contracting and relaxing muscle groups. |
86a840f632f983998b12f5ee2e54f652 | Who first came up with progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)? | The technique of progressive muscle relaxation was described by Edmund Jacobson in the 1930s and is based upon his premise that mental calmness is a natural result of physical relaxation. Progressive muscle relaxation can be learned by nearly anyone and requires only 10 minutes to 20 minutes per day to practice. |
227e2cf8eac7e8c08b3d2a35ead4e8ca | What is progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) for stress and insomnia? | Progressive muscle relaxation is based upon the simple practice of tensing, or tightening, one muscle group at a time followed by a relaxation phase with release of the tension. Doctors have used progressive muscle relaxation in combination with standard treatments for symptom relief in a number of conditions, including headaches, cancer pain, high blood pressure, and digestive disturbances. |
473bcfb1be65667db56ecc38e756d93c | What is bursitis? | Bursitis is the inflammation or irritation of the bursa. The bursa is a sac filled with lubricating fluid, located between tissues such as bone, muscle, tendons, and skin, that decreases rubbing, friction, and irritation. |
93bf456a186992097d911bc204e733de | How can my doctor help with bursitis? | Bursitis can be treated in a number of ways, including: Avoiding activities that aggravate the problem Resting the injured area Icing the area the day of the injury Taking over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medicines If the condition does not improve in a week, see your doctor. Your doctor can also prescribe drugs to reduce the inflammation. Corticosteroids, also known simply as "steroids," are often used because they work quickly to decrease the inflammation and pain. Steroids can be injected directly at the site of injury. Injections are often, but not always, effective and can be repeated . However, multiple injections in a several month period are usually avoided due to potential side effects from the injections and the possibility of masking problems that need to be treated differently. Physical therapy is another treatment option that is often used. This includes range-of-motion exercises and splinting (thumb, forearm, or bands). |
a37d28948df00e5d76fa743c397fc195 | When should I consult my doctor about bursitis? | Consult your doctor if you have: Fever (over 102 Fahrenheit) -- infection is a possibility Swelling, redness, and warmth General illness or multiple sites of pain Inability to move the affected area These could be signs of another problem that needs more immediate attention. |
8fdb5dd90fd60bb7c7646d6349416baf | What are the symptoms of bursitis? | Elbow Shoulder Hip Knee Achilles tendon The most common symptom of bursitis is pain. The pain may build up gradually or be sudden and severe, especially if calcium deposits are present. Severe loss of motion in the shoulder -- called "adhesive capsulitis" or frozen shoulder -- can also result from the immobility and pain associated with shoulder bursitis. |
19881ca0dc2316a556df6961584eda8d | Who usually gets bursitis? | Bursitis is more common in adults, especially in those over 40 years of age. |
28abba24b05adbcb83ec87dfaa0123a7 | Do I need surgery to treat bursitis? | Surgery, although rarely needed, may be an option when bursitis does not respond to the other treatment options. |
41173dd3d4f01e41ce4c6deb77e2793f | How is bursitis treated? | Bursitis can be treated in a number of ways, including: Avoiding activities that aggravate the problem Resting the injured area Icing the area the day of the injury Taking over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medicines If the condition does not improve in a week, see your doctor. |
5a25d7f5fbfc32481503027277c35a11 | How can I prevent bursitis? | The pain may build up gradually or be sudden and severe, especially if calcium deposits are present. Severe loss of motion in the shoulder -- called "adhesive capsulitis" or frozen shoulder -- can also result from the immobility and pain associated with shoulder bursitis. If you are planning to start exercising, you will be less likely to get bursitis if you gradually build up force and repetitions. |
52fa57a44575160a3bb1bb72ee04c3f1 | What causes bursitis? | Bursitis is most often caused by repetitive, minor impact on the area, or from a sudden, more serious injury. Age also plays a role. As tendons age they are able to tolerate stress less, are less elastic, and are easier to tear. var s_context; s_context= s_context || {}; s_context['wb.modimp'] = 'vidfloat'; if(webmd.useragent && webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop'){ webmd.ads2.disable Initial Load(); webmd.ads2.disable Ads Init = true; $(function() { webmd.p.pim.increment(); $('.responsive-video-container').insert After('.module-social-share-container'); require(['video2/1/responsive-player/video-loader'], function(video Loader) { video Loader.init({ autoplay: webmd.useragent.ua.type === 'desktop' && ! !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Overuse or injury to the joint at work or play can also increase a person's risk of bursitis. Examples of high-risk activities include gardening, raking, carpentry, shoveling, painting, scrubbing, tennis, golf, skiing, throwing, and pitching. Incorrect posture at work or home and poor stretching or conditioning before exercise can also lead to bursitis. An abnormal or poorly placed bone or joint (such as length differences in your legs or arthritis in a joint) can put added stress on a bursa sac, causing bursitis. Stress or inflammation from other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, psoriatic arthritis, thyroid disorders, or unusual medication reactions may also increase a person's risk. In addition, an infection can occasionally lead to inflammation of a bursa. |
a1f54f789513b6fae61beab0e103ea23 | Are your lungs congested because of pneumonia? | Sometimes it starts out as the flu. You may feel short of breath or get other symptoms like: Coughing up yellow-green or bloody phlegm Fever Chills Localized chest pain when you breathe in See your doctor if any of those happen to you or you think you might have pneumonia. |
cceaf95225ea4df5809ab96be0705b70 | Are your lungs congested because of allergies? | Anything you're allergic to can make it harder to breathe, and result in a congested chest, watery eyes, and wheezing. Pollen, dust, and pet dander (tiny flecks of skin shed by animals) are some common culprits. There are lots of ways to get relief. Drugs like antihistamines and decongestants may help. So may regular allergy shots. |
36693c8968a10d982e3e222e7b852c2c | Are your lungs congested because of asthma? | Your symptoms may include: Chest pain Shortness of breath Hoarseness Coughing up blood Lung infections like bronchitis and pneumonia If you have it, your swollen airways are sensitive to things you're exposed to every day, like allergy triggers such as pollen, air pollutants, or chemicals in your workplace. The disease tends to run in families. With asthma, you may notice a wheezing sound when you breathe. Sometimes you only have it after you exercise or when you have a cold. Your chest may also feel tight. And you might have a cough at night or get short of breath. A lot of medicines can help, including inhalers that you breathe in to give you quick relief. |
e3026a526f51fd3f2c5338ec289da61a | Are your lungs congested because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? | It's sometimes called emphysema or chronic bronchitis, and it can make you short of breath. Smoking causes this disease most of the time. When you have COPD, the airways in your lungs get inflamed and thicken, which means less oxygen comes in and less carbon dioxide goes out. Over time, the shortness of breath gets worse. Your doctor can give you medication to help you manage the symptoms. If the problems get worse, you may need to use an oxygen tank to help with your breathing trouble. |
18ad58b16224aa29b5b4c164c9bb8c14 | Are your lungs congested because of a heart attack? | Get medical help right away if you also have any of these: Pressure or squeezing in the center of your chest Pain in your arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach Feeling short of breath Sweating, nausea, light-headedness It's a serious condition that starts when your heart doesn't pump as strongly as it should. |
df4c98ef0731bc916c4e77a43659854a | Can stress cause shaky hands? | Stress: From financial and job worries to relationship problems and health concerns, stress worsens tremors. Intense anger, extreme hunger, or sleep deprivation can all make your hands shake. This is known as physiologic tremor. |
c6179c7fdba3900e58b5bf05491b34ee | Does multiple sclerosis cause tremors? | This disease, which targets your immune system, brain, nerves, and spinal cord, can also make your hands shake. You're most likely to have a tremor in your hand or foot. MS can cause a variety of tremors. The most common, like Essential Tremor, happens when you're already moving. |
b239c37eb0f6a6b6e1bd2617db638081 | How can taking medication or drugs cause tremors? | Sometimes a tremor is your body's response to something: Drugs : The most common culprits are medications that block a brain chemical called dopamine. It moves information from one part of your brain to another. These drugs are used to keep your mood even. The tremors will go away when you stop taking the drugs. |
47fa445ec5246c875cb140cbaf48fb3a | What are the causes of essential tremor? | Toxins in the environment cause some cases. But more research is needed to better understand the connections. Age is another risk factor. Although Essential Tremor can happen at any age, it's more likely in people over 40. Your odds go up as you get older. |
0eb402462f19f812d244ca5cf68b4fad | Does the existence of tremors mean I have Parkinson's disease? | Tremor is an early sign of Parkinson's disease, which affects 10 million people worldwide. Not everyone who has this disease gets shaky, but most people in the early stages will have slight movement in a hand, foot, or even a single finger Most of the time, the tremor affects only one side of your body. |
5c9632d570f900ccbf2c59efc2638e4a | What is the reason why my hands are shaking? | Essential Tremor is the most common tremor disorder. It usually starts in your hands, but it can move to your arms, head, voice, or other body parts. ET is different because it affects your hands when they're already moving. Most other forms of tremor take place when you're still. It could result from a gene (your doctor may call this a mutation). That means if one of your parents has a tremor, you're more likely to get one, too. |
1ddc59c027ff8403d6f6d45465fd90ed | Are tremors an early sign for any diseases? | Tremor is an early sign of Parkinson's disease, which affects 10 million people worldwide. Not everyone who has this disease gets shaky, but most people in the early stages will have slight movement in a hand, foot, or even a single finger Most of the time, the tremor affects only one side of your body. |
a843a91d30b8355bee5b414041ba03fb | How can low blood sugar cause tremors? | It triggers your body's natural stress response and makes you shaky. |
4b60772da768b86c3d17509dc24e5243 | Can a B12 deficiency cause shaky hands? | B12 deficiency: Without it, your nervous system won't work like it should. You can find it in meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and milk products. If you're getting so little that your hands shake, your doctor will give you a shot. |
dfdafde404cbf7d7190ab4fd286d8a15 | Can you get a tremor from alcohol withdrawal? | Tremor is one of the first signs. If you weren't too hooked, the shakes may last just a few days. If you drank a lot, or for a long time, they can go on for a year or even longer. |
f9e3bcb077cd7e883f1ba20f18cd3596 | How are stitches (sutures) removed? | Stitches typically need to remain in place for several days to a couple of weeks, depending on the severity of the cut and location. Your doctor will tell you when to come back to have them taken out. Removing stitches is a much faster process than putting them in. The doctor simply clips each thread near the knot and pulls them out. You may feel a slight tugging sensation, but the removal of stitches shouldn't hurt at all. You won't even need an anesthetic. Although removing stitches is not a difficult process, you shouldn't try to remove them yourself. |
a085fbab227fa2acff00811446f51d79 | What are other options for stitches (sutures)? | Stitches aren't the only option doctors have to close cuts and incisions. Cuts sometimes can be held together with butterfly tape or adhesive strips, which you may be able to do yourself at home for more minor cuts. There are even special staples or tissue glue, but those tend to work best with clean, straight incisions, such as in surgical procedures. There are different criteria and care instructions for each type of closure. Your health care provider can help decide which is best for you and tell you how to care for your injury as it heals. |
ac8f9bf8859461f8e855b67740194856 | What information should I report if an animal has rabies? | Notify the local health department or animal control about the animal's possible whereabouts. If the animal is a pet, get owner's contact information. |
8f784045e743bf8438979a987e2959e9 | What is retinis pigmentosa? | Retinitis pigmentosa ( RP) is a term for a group of eye diseases that can lead to loss of sight. What they have in common is a coloring your doctor sees when he looks at your retina -- a bundle of tissue at the back of your eye. When you have RP, cells in the retina called photoreceptors don't work the way they're supposed to, and over time, you lose your sight. It's a rare disorder that's passed from parent to child. Only 1 out of every 4,000 people get it. About half of all people with RP have a family member who also has it. |
66d7831d142fb1d9dd312400ee9b4f32 | What are the differences between rods and cones? | The retina has two types of cells that gather light: rods and cones. The rods are around the outer ring of the retina and are active in dim light. Most forms of retinitis pigmentosa affect the rods first. Your night vision and your ability to see to the side -- peripheral vision -- go away. Cones are mostly in the center of your retina. They help you see color and fine detail. When RP affects them, you slowly lose your central vision and your ability to see color. |
4db71296cbeecbf8e14c0dc4d56aa8f6 | What are the treatment options for retinitis pigmentosa? | A few options can slow your vision loss and may even restore some sight: Acetazolamide: In the later stages, the tiny area at the center of your retina can swell. This is called macular edema, and it, too, can reduce your vision. This medication can ease swelling and improve your vision. Vitamin A palmitate: High doses of this compound may slow retinitis pigmentosa a little each year. But you have to be careful, because too much can be toxic. Work closely with your doctor and follow her recommendations. Sunglasses: These make your eyes less sensitive to light and protect your eyes from harmful ultraviolet rays that may speed vision loss. Retinal implant: If you have late-stage RP, you may be a candidate a retinal implant that could provide partial sight. Argus II is the implant available in the US. It's implanted into a single eye and paired with glasses equipped with a camera. Images are converted to electrical pulses that are sent to the retina. Many were able to locate lights and windows. Some were able to determine where other people were located in a room and about half of the subjects were able to read letter that were about 9 inches high. Other treatments under review include: Replacement of damaged cells or tissues with healthy ones Gene therapy to put healthy genes into the retina Devices and tools can help you make the most of your vision, and rehab services can help you stay independent. |
df31024aabe2cd89d28610234405a6a8 | How does an eye doctor diagnose retinitis pigmentosa? | He'll look into your eyes and do some special tests: Ophthalmoscope: The doctor will put drops into your eyes to make your pupil wider to get a better look at your retina. He will use a handheld tool to look into the back of your eye. If you have RP, there will be specific kinds of dark spots on your retina. Visual field test: You'll look through a tabletop machine at a point in the center of your vision. While staring at that point, objects or lights will appear to the side. You'll press a button when you see them, and the machine will create a map of how far to the side you can see. Electroretinogram: The eye doctor will put a film of gold foil or a special contact lens on your eye. Then he will measure how your retina responds to flashes of light. Genetic test: You'll submit a DNA sample to find out which form of RP you have. If you or anyone in your family is diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa, all family members should go to the eye doctor for screening. |
f7160f7c88e3c36c702daf0c310ecf07 | What causes retinitis pigmentosa? | More than 60 different genes can cause the different types of retinitis pigmentosa. Parents can pass the problem genes on to their children in three different ways: Autosomal recessive RP: Each parent has one problem copy and one normal copy of the gene that's responsible, but they don't have any symptoms. A child that inherits two problem copies of the gene (one from each parent) will develop this type of retinitis pigmentosa. Since two copies of the problem gene are needed, each child in the family has a 25% chance of being affected. Autosomal dominant RP: This type of retinitis pigmentosa requires only one copy of the problem gene to develop. A parent with that gene has a 50% chance of passing it to each child. X-linked RP: A mother who carries the problem gene can pass it down to her children. Each one of them has a 50% chance of getting it. Most women who carry the gene won't have any symptoms. But about 1 out of every 5 will have mild symptoms. Most men who get it will have more severe cases. Fathers who have the gene can't pass it to their children. |
39b7b9fb04df25baea212290e9a309f8 | What are the two parts of a pacemaker? | The pacemaker has two parts: the leads and a pulse generator. The pulse generator houses the battery and a tiny computer, and resides just under the skin of the chest. The leads are wires that are threaded through the veins into the heart and implanted into the heart muscle. They send impulses from the pulse generator to the heart muscle, as well as sense the heart's electrical activity. |
da36dd68a83482d1dd86f5b08a132ab7 | When should you call your doctor after you have a pacemaker implanted? | Look at your wound every day to make sure it is healing. Call your doctor if you notice: Increased drainage, bleeding, or oozing from the insertion site Increased opening of the incision Redness around the site Warmth along the site Increased body temperature (fever or chills) Your pacemaker settings will be checked before you leave the hospital. |
a9a8a20fae3c9a13ec034c8e652bf717 | What conditions look like shingles? | Your doctor might check to see if you have: Contact dermatitis: A skin reaction caused by an allergy to latex, metals, chemicals, or drugs Candida infection: It comes from a type of yeast called Candida Dermatitis herpetiformis: A rash that some people with celiac disease can get Impetigo: A skin infection caused by bacteria Insect bites: Sometimes, they can look like shingles Folliculitis: The tiny holes that hairs grow out of can get inflamed Scabies: A skin condition caused by a small bug called a mite One way to tell shingles from these conditions is by the other symptoms that come with it. |
f9f9a49f0ad12f5ccefbba8eb172bcd1 | What does a shingles rash look like? | A shingles rash: Appears on one side of your body and/or face Stings, burns, and/or itches Starts as red bumps that form into blisters Other conditions also cause rashes that look like shingles. |
fa5814113068127389b8f58b5f0576f7 | How can I treat allergy symptoms? | For mild allergy symptoms, such as hay fever or hives, give an over-the-counter ( OTC) antihistamine. For stuffy nose, give an OTC decongestant. For itchy, watery eyes, use OTC allergy eye drops. For itchy allergic rash, apply cold compresses and an OTC hydrocortisone cream. |
832e7d0d9047a826de4d35e7fcfd3fff | Where is the sentinel node located in breast cancer? | In breast cancer, the sentinel node is usually located in the axillary nodes, under the arm. In a small percentage of cases, the sentinel node is found somewhere else in the lymphatic system of the breast. If the sentinel node is positive, there may be other positive lymph nodes upstream. If it is negative, it is highly likely that all of the upstream nodes are negative. |
bdb958c083a16c4c716208f811a34c38 | What does a sentinel node biopsy do for breast cancer? | In breast cancer, a sentinel node biopsy pinpoints the first few lymph nodes into which a tumor drains (called the "sentinel" node). This helps doctors remove only those nodes of the lymphatic system most likely to contain cancer cells. The sentinel nodes are the first place that cancer is likely to spread. |
ec43fe803f2d7513bd42e3b0c56db1c2 | How is a sentinel node biopsy done? | To locate the sentinel nodes, a labeling substance, either a radioactive tracer, blue dye, or both, is injected into the area around the tumor before a mastectomy or lumpectomy is performed. The tracer travels the same path to the lymph nodes that the cancer cells would take, making it possible for the surgeon to determine the one or two nodes most likely to test positive for cancer by either visualizing the color or using a handheld Geiger counter. |
59bf300d8d290e7ed28c5b27f1ec20ac | How can sickle cell disease affect your immune system? | Sickle cells can damage your spleen, the organ that helps fight germs as part of your immune system. That can make you more likely to get pneumonia and other infections. |
5230f222dccb47047c0f364bdbf930e9 | What is sickle cell crisis? | It happens when you don't have enough red blood cells to move oxygen throughout your body. |
543214a187d9d78778a969b957d86a6d | Which vaccines should I get if I have sickle cell disease? | Vaccines can protect you and your child against germs. Everyone with sickle cell disease should get these vaccines: Pneumococcus: both the PCV13 and PPSV 23 vaccines Flu vaccine every year Meningococcus Your doctor will also advise you about other vaccines that may be right for you or your child, including: Hepatitis A and B Measles, mumps, and rubella Varicella (chickenpox) Rotavirus Haemophilus influenzae Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis Poliovirus When sickle cells get stuck in the larger arteries that feed the brain, they can block blood flow and cause a stroke. |
4539701a8f0c759df3c9688d5005aff1 | How can hydroxyurea help treat sickle cell disease? | A medicine called hydroxyurea ( Droxia, Hydrea, Sikos) prevents abnormal red blood cells from forming. This cuts down on episodes of sickle cell crises. Hydroxyurea can cause serious side effects, like a plunge in the number of white blood cells that help your body fight infections. So your doctor will watch you closely while you're on it. You shouldn't take hydroxyurea if you're pregnant. |
a479c87a74f04a22d3afe673b723f64e | How can sickle cell disease lead to stroke? | Everyone with sickle cell disease should get these vaccines: Pneumococcus: both the PCV13 and PPSV 23 vaccines Flu vaccine every year Meningococcus Your doctor will also advise you about other vaccines that may be right for you or your child, including: Hepatitis A and B Measles, mumps, and rubella Varicella (chickenpox) Rotavirus Haemophilus influenzae Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis Poliovirus When sickle cells get stuck in the larger arteries that feed the brain, they can block blood flow and cause a stroke. You can preventfrequent transfusions can lower the odds of another stroke by about 90% If you think you're having a stroke, call 911 right away. |
899c396d662e4cc576781c4d92da1d42 | Which medicines can help treat long-term pain from sickle cell disease? | If you have long-term pain, your doctor might prescribe one of these medicines: Amitriptyline Duloxetine ( Cymbalta) Gabapentin ( Horizant, Gralise, Neurontin) Opioid pain medicine It's a serious condition that can land you in the hospital. |
e7b285c53988a83e0e1bffcaf126b559 | What is the best way to prevent colds? | It's all due to the way colds spread. |
9b958c16ecf735030c362bba7b6c568b | How are colds passed? | The main way colds get passed around is when someone who's sick coughs or sneezes. Little droplets with germs land on places like doorknobs, telephones, and computer keyboards. Or the sick person coughs or sneezes into their hands and then touches those objects. Then you come along, happy and healthy, and touch that spot. Next, without even realizing it, you might touch your nose and mouth. Voila! In an instant you're infected. |
caae568f302cc67e395036cffa633107 | How should I wash my hands for cold prevention? | Here's the drill: First, wet your hands with water. Then add soap. Rub them together vigorously for 20 seconds. Make sure to rub the wrists, between the fingers, and under the fingernails. When you have time, use a nailbrush, as germs often hide under nails. Rinse your hands thoroughly and dry with a clean paper towel or air dryer. If you are in a public restroom, shut the faucet off with a paper towel. Try to push the door open with your shoulder, or use another paper towel to turn the knob. |
7b63fb34cb93492064bbb1f64bcb9f89 | Does hand sanitizer prevent colds? | It should be at least 60% alcohol. Rub the entire surface of your hands, fingers, and wrist with the sanitizer until dry. You can use this throughout the day if you're not near a bathroom. Follow up with a thorough hand scrub when you're near a sink to prevent buildup of the sanitizer. |
eda491518ea2430ab05534a34e9c6069 | Why does hand washing prevent colds? | Some viruses -- tiny living things that cause colds -- can live on surfaces for hours. Regular hand washing is your best strategy to keep them from getting inside your body. And of course, if you're the one who's sick, washing up will keep you from spreading your germs. There's some evidence behind this. A program called Operation Stop Cough was started at a military recruit training command center in Illinois. As part of the program, recruits were told to wash their hands at least five times a day. After 2 years, the hand-washing team reported 45% fewer cases of respiratory illness, compared with sickness rates among recruits during the year before the program started. |
b847e8f3399888fd0d66a92db3107ac0 | What are drugs used to prevent tooth decay in dentistry? | Fluoride is a drug used to prevent tooth decay. It is available on a nonprescription basis in many toothpastes. It is absorbed by teeth and helps strengthen teeth to resist acid and block the cavity-forming action of bacteria. |
37ab2369513d225abed9a27e8a2f85ed | What drugs are used to treat periodontal disease? | The doxycycline periodontal system (marketed as Atridox) contains the antibiotic doxycycline and is used to help treat periodontal disease. Doxycycline works by preventing the growth of bacteria. Doxycycline periodontal system is placed by your dentist into deep gum pockets next to your teeth and dissolves naturally over seven days. The time release of this medication may continue to occur even after it has dissolved. |
0950d7b5564c98a96a078b6c69d788d9 | What is used to treat dry mouth in dentistry? | Pilocarpine, marketed as Salagan, may be prescribed by your dentist if you have been diagnosed with dry mouth. The drug stimulates saliva production. |
fc31530ad449457d6503131ae12a9692 | What anti-inflammatory drugs do dentists use? | Corticosteroids are available by prescription only and are available as pastes under such brand names as Kenalog in Orabase, Orabase- HCA, Oracort, Oralone, Lidex, Temovate and others. |
2820a40b83900fa6f1cd6168043cf4e4 | What drugs do dentists use to control patients' anxiety? | Local anesthesia, general anesthesia, nitrous oxide, or intravenous sedation is commonly used in dental procedures to help control pain and anxiety. Other pain relievers include prescription or nonprescription anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen ( Tylenol), anesthetics and topical analgesics. |
b3562c2b3cef7fa46327f2b25c4828d6 | What are topical analgesics used in dentistry? | Topical Analgesics Dental analgesics are used in the mouth to relieve pain or irritation caused by many conditions, including toothache and sores in or around the mouth (such as cold sores, canker sores, and fever blisters). Also, some of these medicines are used to relieve pain or irritation caused by dentures or other dental appliances, including braces. |
2b07b115e6e7c9a13ed76811f65c207b | How is sleep paralysis diagnosed? | Other factors that may be linked to sleep paralysis include: Lack of sleep Sleep schedule that changes Mental conditions such as stress or bipolar disorder Sleeping on the back Other sleep problems such as narcolepsy or nighttime leg cramps Use of certain medications, such as those for ADHD Substance abuse If you find yourself unable to move or speak for a few seconds or minutes when falling asleep or waking up, then it is likely you have isolated recurrent sleep paralysis. Often there is no need to treat this condition. Check with your doctor if you have any of these concerns: You feel anxious about your symptoms Your symptoms leave you very tired during the day Your symptoms keep you up during the night Your doctor may want to gather more information about your sleep health by doing any of the following: Ask you to describe your symptoms and keep a sleep diary for a few weeks Discuss your health history, including any known sleep disorders or any family history of sleep disorders Refer you to a sleep specialist for further evaluation Conduct overnight sleep studies or daytime nap studies to make sure you do not have another sleep disorder Most people need no treatment for sleep paralysis. |
4b2017f094d19fb9412cc3e97640cca6 | What happens with hypnopompic sleep paralysis? | NREM sleep occurs first and takes up to 75% of your overall sleep time. During NREM sleep, your body relaxes and restores itself. At the end of NREM, your sleep shifts to REM. Your eyes move quickly and dreams occur, but the rest of your body remains very relaxed. Your muscles are "turned off" during REM sleep. If you become aware before the REM cycle has finished, you may notice that you cannot move or speak. |
031b452c24967589193402e04152d3c0 | How is sleep paralysis treated? | Often there is no need to treat this condition. Check with your doctor if you have any of these concerns: You feel anxious about your symptoms Your symptoms leave you very tired during the day Your symptoms keep you up during the night Your doctor may want to gather more information about your sleep health by doing any of the following: Ask you to describe your symptoms and keep a sleep diary for a few weeks Discuss your health history, including any known sleep disorders or any family history of sleep disorders Refer you to a sleep specialist for further evaluation Conduct overnight sleep studies or daytime nap studies to make sure you do not have another sleep disorder Most people need no treatment for sleep paralysis. Treating any underlying conditions such as narcolepsy may help if you are anxious or unable to sleep well. These treatments may include the following: Improving sleep habits -- such as making sure you get six to eight hours of sleep each night Using antidepressant medication if it is prescribed to help regulate sleep cycles Treating any mental health problems that may contribute to sleep paralysis Treating any other sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy or leg cramps There's no need to fear nighttime demons or alien abductors. |
be7630f7dc023ab394a154fc2ea7f510 | What happens when hypnagogic sleep paralysis develops? | As you fall asleep, your body slowly relaxes. Usually you become less aware, so you do not notice the change. However, if you remain or become aware while falling asleep, you may notice that you cannot move or speak. |
7fa06e24d84164359791491bbc64b0cb | What are medical causes of heartburn and acid reflux? | These factors include: Dietary Habits Eating large portions Eating certain foods, including onions, chocolate, peppermint, high-fat or spicy foods, citrus fruits, garlic, and tomatoes or tomato-based products Drinking certain beverages, including citrus juices, alcohol, and caffeinated and carbonated drinks Eating before bedtime Lifestyle Habits Being overweight Smoking Wearing tight-fitting clothing or belts Lying down or bending over, especially after eating Medical Causes Pregnancy Bulging of the stomach into the chest cavity, also called hiatal hernia GERD Ulcers Certain bacteria Taking certain medications, especially some antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve or Advil |
15ecdcebb842f9f345319faab34038be | How many Americans experience heartburn/reflux symptoms at least once each month? | Most people have felt heartburn at one time or another. In fact, the American Gastroenterological Association reports that more than 60 million Americans experience heartburn/reflux symptoms at least once each month. Though uncomfortable, heartburn does not usually present a serious health problem for most people. |
67a9848898bc1bf37f2da63238f20729 | What lifestyle habits can cause heartburn? | These factors include: Dietary Habits Eating large portions Eating certain foods, including onions, chocolate, peppermint, high-fat or spicy foods, citrus fruits, garlic, and tomatoes or tomato-based products Drinking certain beverages, including citrus juices, alcohol, and caffeinated and carbonated drinks Eating before bedtime Lifestyle Habits Being overweight Smoking Wearing tight-fitting clothing or belts Lying down or bending over, especially after eating Medical Causes Pregnancy Bulging of the stomach into the chest cavity, also called hiatal hernia GERD Ulcers Certain bacteria Taking certain medications, especially some antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve or Advil |
a92e0d536f8d6377244219152f938392 | What dietary habits can cause heartburn? | These factors include: Dietary Habits Eating large portions Eating certain foods, including onions, chocolate, peppermint, high-fat or spicy foods, citrus fruits, garlic, and tomatoes or tomato-based products Drinking certain beverages, including citrus juices, alcohol, and caffeinated and carbonated drinks Eating before bedtime Lifestyle Habits Being overweight Smoking Wearing tight-fitting clothing or belts Lying down or bending over, especially after eating Medical Causes Pregnancy Bulging of the stomach into the chest cavity, also called hiatal hernia GERD Ulcers Certain bacteria Taking certain medications, especially some antibiotics, aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aleve or Advil |
2cc1da2eafb4e8b7a40d95ed33674fe6 | Are there different types of tests for color blindness? | Ishihara color test. This checks for red-green color blindness. The doctor will ask you to look at a series of circles (also called plates) with dots of different colors and sizes. Some of the dots form shapes or one- or two-digit numbers. If you have trouble seeing red and green, those shapes will be hard to see, or you may not see them at all. Cambridge color test. This is a lot like the Ishihara test, except that you look at a computer screen. You'll try to find a â Câ shape that's a different color than the background. It pops up randomly. When you see it, you press one of four keys. Anomaloscope. You look through an eyepiece and see a circle. The top half of the circle is a yellow light. The bottom half is made up of red and green lights. You turn knobs until both halves are the same color and brightness. Doctors use this test to check for trouble seeing red and green. Farnsworth- Munsell 100 hue test. This uses blocks or pegs that are different shades of the same color. Your task is to line them up a certain way. This test checks to see if you can pick up slight color changes. |
444bbe931ff6e8f29205df50c520b857 | How does inotropic therapy help treat heart failure? | Inotropic therapy: This helps make an injured or weakened heart pump harder to send blood through the body. It helps strengthen the heart muscle's contractions. It also relaxes constricted blood vessels so blood can flow more smoothly. Inotropic therapy may also speed up your heart's rhythm. You may get this if you have end-stage heart failure to help relieve and control your symptoms. These medicines are used only when others have stopped working on symptoms. |
c02ea96b312ad1ad14560b1af38aa5a3 | How do ARBs help treat heart failure? | Angiotensin II receptor blockers ( ARBs): These are used to lower blood pressure for people with heart failure. They help keep your blood vessels as wide as possible so blood can flow through your body more easily. They also lessen salt and fluid buildup in your body. |
f5548fa744b814f6014330caabb3af61 | How do diuretics help in treating high blood pressure and heart failure? | Diuretics: You may know these as water pills. They help your kidneys get rid of unneeded water and salt from your tissues and bloodstream. That makes it easier for your heart to pump. They treat high blood pressure and ease swelling and water buildup caused by some medical problems, including heart failure. They also help make breathing easier. |
7c233152c41f66d9d85eda4aa4a32be1 | What does digoxin do for your heart? | Digoxin: It helps an injured or weakened heart to send blood through the body and work more efficiently. It strengthens the force of the heart muscle's contractions. It may improve blood circulation. You may be prescribed this if you have an irregular heartbeat (your doctor may call this atrial fibrillation, or AFib). It may help slow down your heart rate. |
39ed4d203cdfb1afd0e3f0ff728bad17 | What do calcium channel blockers do? | Calcium channel blockers: These treat chest pain (your doctor may say âanginaâ) and high blood pressure. They relax blood vessels and increase blood and oxygen to your heart. That eases its workload. They treat heart failure caused by hypertension. But they're used only when other medicines to lower blood pressure don't work. |
e90dc80cc995d377036e8baa8cdf32ea | What are PCSK9 inhibitors? | Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 ( PCSK9) inhibitors: You may get this new class of cholesterol-lowering drugs if diet and statin treatments aren't helping. They block a liver protein called PCSK9. That protein hinders your liver's ability to get rid of LDL (bad) cholesterol. |
abf4c9992057f456ee63538cfb528d35 | How do aldosterone inhibitors help in treating heart failure? | They protect your heart by blocking a chemical in your body called aldosterone that causes salt and fluid buildup. This medicine is for folks with some types of severe heart failure. |
e343598433f441408bfa9268f1ad93a5 | What is the best flu medication to take if you have heart disease? | You have: Fever (usually high) Severe aches and pains in the joints and muscles and around the eyes Generalized weakness Warm, flushed skin and red, watery eyes Headache Dry cough Sore throat and watery discharge from the nose When you're shopping for an over-the-counter ( OTC) medication, check the label. Look for a product that's decongestant-free or made just for people with high blood pressure. Decongestants can raise your blood pressure and interfere with other medications. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before you try any OTC treatment. Make sure you tell each of your doctors about all of the medicines you're taking -- prescription and over the counter. |
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