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# Cycling at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's track time trial
## Results
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| Rank | Cyclist | Nation | Time | Speed\ |
| | | | | (km/h) |
+==========================+======================+========+======================================================================+==============================+
| | Klaus-Jürgen Grünke | | 1:05.927 | 54.606 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| | Michel Vaarten | | 1:07.516 | 53.321 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| | Niels Fredborg | | 1:07.617 | 53.241 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 4 | Janusz Kierzkowski | | 1:07.660 | 53.207 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 5 | Eric Vermeulen | | 1:07.846 | 53.061 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 6 | Hans Michalsky | | 1:07.878 | 53.036 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 7 | Harald Bundli | | 1:08.093 | 52.869 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 8 | Walter Bäni | | 1:08.112 | 52.854 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 9 | Miroslav Vymazal | | 1:08.173 | 52.807 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 10 | Massimo Marino | | 1:08.488 | 52.564 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 11 | David Weller | | 1:08.534 | 52.529 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 12 | Stephen Goodall | | 1:08.610 | 52.470 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 13 | Jocelyn Lovell | | 1:08.852 | 52.286 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 14 | Dimo Angelov Tonchev | | 1:08.950 | 52.212 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 15 | Robert Vehe | | 1:09.057 | 52.131 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 16 | Richard Tormen | | 1:09.468 | 51.822 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 17 | Yoshikazu Cho | | 1:09.664 | 51.677 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 18 | Hector Edwards | | 1:10.084 | 51.367 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 19 | Paul Medhurst | | 1:10.167 | 51.306 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 20 | Anthony Sellier | | 1:11.103 | 50.631 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 21 | Mikhail Kountras | | 1:11.435 | 50.395 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 22 | Miguel Margalef | | 1:11.905 | 50.066 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 23 | Erol Küçükbakırcı | | 1:12.697 | 49.521 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 24 | Vlado Fumić | | 1:13.037 | 49.290 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 25 | Masoud Mobaraki | | 1:14.169 | 48.538 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 26 | Marco Soria | | 1:14.480 | 48.335 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 27 | Taworn Tarwan | | 1:15.136 | 47.913 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 28 | Chan Fai Lui | | 1:16.957 | 46.779 |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| data-sort-value=29\| --- | Donald Christian | | data-sort-value=7:99.999\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=00.000\| --- |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| data-sort-value=30\| --- | Eduard Rapp | | data-sort-value=8:99.999\| `{{abbr|DSQ|Disqualified}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=00.000\| --- |
+--------------------------+----------------------+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| data-sort-value=31\| --- | Elmabruk Kehel | Libya | data-sort-value=9:99.999\| `{{abbr|DNS|Did not start}}`{=mediawiki} | data-sort-value=00
| 416 |
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# Sisiutl
The **sisiutl** is a legendary creature found in many cultures of the Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, notably the Kwakwakaʼwakw. Typically, it is depicted as a double-headed sea serpent. Sometimes, the symbol features an additional central face of a supernatural being. The sisiutl features prominently in Pacific Northwest art, dances and songs. The sisiutl is closely associated with shamans because both are seen as mediators between the natural and supernatural worlds.
## Design
The sisiutl is typically depicted as a double-headed serpent, although it is sometimes shown with just one head. Kwakwaka\'wakw depictions often show a central, humanoid face between the double heads. All three heads are usually horned, and the serpent heads typically have protruding tongues and spiral or upturned noses, with crescents along the body. Among Pacific Northwest cultures, horns or plumes indicate a supernatural being. The spiral nose (or \"inflated nostrils\") motif is used on Hamatsa masks depicting Baxbaxwalanuksiwe, where it indicates hunger (dilated nostrils to sniff out food). The protruding tongue is associated with lightning, supernatural power, and the transfer of power from an animal source to a novice. Crescents may represent stylised scales or the segments of a caterpillar.
Other depictions, by the Kwakwaka\'wakw or other Pacific Northwest peoples, omit or modify some of these features. The Tlingit \"grubworm\" or \"woodworm\" (caterpillar) is a \"peculiarly northern\" variation that lacks the central head, and has an insatiable appetite.
Where a central humanoid head is depicted, it most often is taken to represent Baxbaxwalanuksiwe, although it has also been associated with Qomoqua. In the northern grubworm variant, the central head is believed to be the princess who suckled the grubworm.
The sisiutl also sometimes takes the form of a canoe, as in a myth where it returns a woman from Qomoqua\'s spiritual realm to her home village, or a squirrel.
## Indigenous practices {#indigenous_practices}
Shamans of various indigenous tribes believed that killing the sisiutl would transfer its healing magic to them. Warriors similarly believed that its blood would make them invincible in battle, and they would often accessorize their cultural garb with images of the sisiutl for this magical protection. Similar designs were painted onto canoes or carved into wooden entrances to ward off evil spirits. For some tribes, the beach mineral mica was believed to be the scales of the sisiutl, and as such would be incorporated into these aforementioned traditions accordingly
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| 0 |
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# Wolfson Professor of Criminology
The **Wolfson Professor of Criminology** is a senior professorship at the University of Cambridge. The position was established in 1960 by a benefaction by the Wolfson Foundation and is the first of its kind in Britain. The position\'s first holder was Sir Leon Radzinowicz.
## Wolfson Professors of Criminology {#wolfson_professors_of_criminology}
- Sir Leon Radzinowicz, 1959--1973
- Nigel Walker, 1973--1984
- Sir Anthony Bottoms, 1984--2006
- Lawrence W
| 72 |
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| 0 |
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# Harborne Railway
The **Harborne Railway** was a short standard gauge railway line constructed for residential travel from the Harborne area into the centre of Birmingham, England. The line opened in 1874, and was worked by the London and North Western Railway. As business developed, an increasingly frequent passenger service was operated, at its peak thirty trains each way daily.
In the 1920s and later it suffered from road bus service competition and it closed to passenger trains in 1934. A private siding connection had been made to Mitchells & Butlers Brewery, but the line closed completely in 1963.
## Conception
In 1866 Harborne was a distinct community outside Birmingham, with a population of over 22,000. The Harborne Railway was planned to serve certain suburbs of Birmingham, bringing in business people from the well-to-do areas of Lapal (near Halesowen) and Harborne. However, there was major opposition to the Lapal end of the scheme, and the promoters cut back their scheme to a route of just under `{{frac|2|1|2}}`{=mediawiki} miles. The Harborne Railway Company got its Act of Parliament on 28 June 1866. Authorised capital was £100,000.
The company concluded an arrangement with the London and North Western Railway to work the line for 50% of receipts. The line would join the LNWR Stour Valley Line at Monument Lane Junction, later renamed Harborne Junction. The branch was a single line.
The station at Harborne opened, and passenger traffic commenced on 10 August 1874. There was a Sunday service at first but there were complaints that the Sabbath was being disturbed and the Company withdrew the trains. Goods services started on 3 October 1874.
The first passenger train service was of six each way on weekdays and three on Sundays. The early departure of the last train into Birmingham was at 19:20, which attracted adverse comment at the time.
In 1879 Harborne station platform was extended, and the junction with the Stour Valley main line was renamed Harborne Junction. In 1893, the platform at Harborne was extended, in order to handle longer trains. There was a turntable and a run-round loop, but both were practically unused, and were later removed.
In 1897 Icknield Port Road station was moved west of the road in its name; the first station had been between the bridges for that road and Barford Road; when it was desired to lengthen the platform, it could not be extended in its old location.
In 1903 Rotton Park Road station was made into an island platform with a passing loop, enabling the train frequency to be improved. As part of the layout alterations, a siding spur into Mitchell and Butler\'s brewery was provided, and much traffic resulted.
## Financial performance {#financial_performance}
Early financial operating performance seemed good, but heavy interest on capital expenditure caught up with the company, and a receiver in bankruptcy was appointed on 26 July 1879. The receiver was discharged on 31 December 1900. During the whole of its separate existence dividends were never high, although between 1919 and 1922 a dividend of 3% was paid. The Harborne Railway Company was absorbed by the new London Midland and Scottish Railway at the Grouping of 1923 under the Railways Act 1921. The LNWR had worked the line throughout its existence.
## Train service {#train_service}
The early passenger train frequency was gradually improved over the years, and in 1897 when there was still no passing loop on the branch, there were twenty trains daily in each direction. The service was an early example of a regular interval service, with an hourly departure in each direction. By April 1920 the service had further increased to 30 down and 31 up trains daily.
| 611 |
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| 0 |
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# Harborne Railway
## Decline
In the 1920s and 1930s bus competition, taking a shorter route into the city centre, hit the usage of the line, and the LMS felt the necessity for economies. Icknield Port Road closed first in 1931. The Harborne branch closed to passengers on 26 November 1934.
Coal continued to be carried, but complete closure of the branch took place on 4 November 1963.`{{page needed|date=January 2021}}`{=mediawiki} After closure the track was removed and stations demolished. See paragraph below for \"Relics\" .
## Location list {#location_list}
- ; opened 10 August 1874; closed 26 November 1934;
- ; opened 10 August 1874; closed 26 November 1934;
- ; opened 10 August 1874; closed 26 November 1934;
- ; opened 10 August 1874; relocated 1897; closed 18 May 1931;
- *Monument Lane Junction*, later named *Harborne Junction*.`{{page needed|date=January 2021}}`{=mediawiki}`{{page needed|date=January 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
## Features
## Relics
The bridge that carried the railway over Park Hill Road has survived, and now forms the start of the walkway. Most of the bridges that carried roads over the line (e.g. Woodbourne Road, Hagley Road) have also survived. Discarded sleepers can be found alongside the walkway. Although none of the stations survive, the name plate from Harborne signal box does, and can be found in Harborne library.
After Harborne station closed, the site was cleared and redeveloped. Frensham Way was built on the site, and now there are no relics that suggest the site was once a railway station. The only hints to the site\'s previous use are \"Station Road\", and a housing development called \"The Sidings\", which was built recently on the site of the old turntable.
Unlike Harborne station, the site of Hagley Road station was not redeveloped. The station buildings were demolished, but some bricks from the station can be found in the undergrowth, and the site of the goods yard is still there, but it is overgrown. A row of cottages still face the line.
Rotton Park Road\'s buildings were cleared as early as 1934. When the island platform was demolished in that year, a mound was left. Although overgrown, it can still be seen today. A concrete support that used to support the wooden footbridge can be seen at the site of the station
Icknield Port Road station closed in 1931 (before the other stations on the line) and there are now no clues to a station\'s existence. The cutting where the station was located was filled in circa 2008. Until then it was possible to walk under Icknield Port Poad through the old bridge. It was also possible to see the retaining wall that bordered the path from the road to the platform. The line from here to the junction with the Stour Valley line used to run in a cutting, which has been filled in. The girder bridge that carried the line over the Stour Valley canal was removed, but the brick supports survive.
## Pictures
<File:Harborne> Railway bridge pier BCN Main Line.jpg\|Bridge pier standing in the BCN Main Line canal. Harborne Junction was just to the right on the Stour Valley Line, which runs parallel to the canal. <File:Harborne> Railway bridge pier BCN Main Line panorama.jpg\|Composite picture of the bridge pier in the canal <File:Harborne> Railway Northbrook Street bridge.jpg\|Northbrook Street bridge over the line at the western abudment of the canal bridge <File:augustusrdbridge0.jpg%7CSite> of Icknield Port Road Station in Summerfield Park. <File:augustusrdbridge1.jpg%7CBridge> carrying Selwyn Road. <File:augustusrdbridge2.jpg%7CNature's> claim on the trackbed. <File:augustusrdbridge4.jpg%7CBridge> carrying Portland Road. <File:augustusrdbridge5.jpg%7CSite> of Hagley Road Station. <File:augustusrdbridge.jpg%7CBridge> carrying Woodbourne Road. <File:augustusrdbridge7
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# Surviving Sepsis Campaign
The **Surviving Sepsis Campaign** (SSC) is a global initiative to bring together professional organizations in reducing mortality from sepsis. The purpose of the SSC is to create an international collaborative effort to improve the treatment of sepsis and reduce the high mortality rate associated with the condition. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement have teamed up to achieve a 25 percent reduction in sepsis mortality by 2009. The guidelines were updated in 2016 and again in 2021.
## Relevance
Mortality associated with severe sepsis remains high at 30-50%. When shock is present, mortality is reported to be even higher at around 50-60%. Approximately 1400 people die from sepsis each day throughout the world.
In the U.S. there are approximately 750,000 new sepsis cases each year, with at least 210,000 fatalities and this is reported to be same throughout Europe. As medicine becomes more advanced, with invasive procedures and immunosuppression, the incidence of sepsis is likely to increase even more.
Sepsis is one of the complications of Coronavirus disease 2019. In 2020, the campaign produced *Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019*.
## Approach
This is done using a six-pronged approach:
- Building awareness of sepsis
- Improving diagnosis
- Increasing the use of appropriate treatment
- Educating healthcare professionals
- Improving post-intensive care unit (ICU) care
- Developing guidelines of care
- Facilitating data collection for the purposes of audit and feedback (SSC Guidelines 2008)
## Using bundles in health care {#using_bundles_in_health_care}
Using bundles in health care simplifies the complex processes of the care of patients with severe sepsis. A bundle is a selected set of elements of care distilled from evidence-based practice guidelines that, when implemented as a group, have an effect on outcomes beyond implementing the individual elements alone. Each hospital\'s sepsis protocol may be customized, but it must meet the standards created by the bundle.
The first 6-hour SSC Resuscitation Bundle includes:
- Blood cultures obtained prior to antibiotic administration.
- serum lactate measured
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics administered within two hours of admission/diagnosis. For every hour a patient is denied AB therapy after the onset of septic shock, the patient\'s chance of survival is reduced by 7.9% (Survivesepsis.org 2005). The 2012 guidelines differ: Administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials therapy within 1 hr of recognition of septic shock (1B) and severe sepsis without septic shock.
Further management is centered on Early Goal Directed Therapy (EGDT).
- In the event of hypotension and/or lactate \> 4 mmol/L, delivering an initial minimum of 20 ml/kg of crystalloid or 5mls/kg of colloid. Recent updates to Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommend 30ml/kg bolus.
- Apply vasopressors, usually noradrenaline for hypotension not responding to initial fluid resuscitation to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) \> 65 mm Hg, in the event of persistent hypotension despite fluid resuscitation (septic shock) and/or lactate \> 4 mmol/L (36 mg/dl):
Resuscitation Goals are:
- To achieve central venous pressure (CVP) of \> 8 mm Hg
- To achieve central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) of \> 70%
- To achieve MAP \> 65 mmHg and a urine output of \> 0.5 ml/kg/h
The 24-hour SSC Management Bundle includes:
- Low-dose steroids administered for septic shock in accordance with a standardized ICU policy
- Glucose control maintained below upper limit of normal (8.3 mmol/L) with an insulin sliding scale regime (usually short-acting insulin such as Human Actrapid)
- Lung Protective Ventilator Strategy utilising 5-8 mls/kg tidal volumes for mechanically ventilated patients to avoid volutrauma and barotrauma
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# Oriental Seminary
The **Oriental Seminary** is a private school in Kolkata.
## History
The Oriental Seminary was established in 1829 by the educator Gour Mohan Addy. It was the first privately-run, first-rate`{{explain|date=September 2024}}`{=mediawiki} school for Hindus (the children of Hindus)Hindu parents in Calcutta (now known as Kolkata). It was open only to boys of Hindu parents. It was possibly India\'s first fully private school, as even Hindu School, Hindu College, and Hare school had to abide by certain government guidelines.
In earlier days, students wanting to study English had to go to the missionary schools, where they were subject to substantial religious influence. The establishment of a school for learning English free from religious influences was a major contribution of Addy. Traditional Indian education centres which taught Sanskrit and/or Persian had started fading out.
## The founder and teachers {#the_founder_and_teachers}
Gour Mohan Addy (20 January 1805 -- 3 March 1846) founded the school without government funding. He appointed teachers to each class level by their ethnicity: Eurasian teachers for junior classes, Bengali teachers for intermediate classes, and Englishmen or Bengalis for upper levels. He died in a boating accident on the Hooghly river, when returning from a trip to Serampore to hire a teacher.
Currently`{{when|date=September 2024}}`{=mediawiki} the principal of the primary section is Rina Basak Halder.
## Notable alumni {#notable_alumni}
Oriental Seminary was the earliest school Rabindranath Tagore attended. The first experience of school aroused in the youngster the yearning to be a teacher. Wielding a stick, he used to teach from the railings in the big veranda of the palatial Jorasanko Thakur Bari.
Among the list of other notable alumni are Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Krishnadas Pal, Girish Chandra Ghosh, Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee, Sir Gooroodas Banerjee, Sambhunath Pandit, Vishwanath Datta, Amrita Lal Basu, Akshay Kumar Datta, Sudhindranath Dutta, Jatindranath Sengupta, Swami Abhedananda, Bankim Ghosh, Malay Roy Choudhury and Mithun Chakraborty
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# Geoff Tunbridge
**Geoff R. Tunbridge** (7 April 1932 -- 23 March 2015) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). At the age of 25, Tunbridge was recruited to Melbourne from Ballarat, where he was an Old Boy (from 1949) and teacher at Ballarat Church of England Boys Grammar School. His jumper was number 23 and he was a red-headed, spearing left-foot flanker.
He originally commenced his footy career for University Blues in the Victorian Amateur Football Association. He began studies in Science at Melbourne University in 1952, and in 1953 entered residence at Trinity College (University of Melbourne), where he also played cricket and tennis.
Tunbridge refused on ideological grounds to accept payment from Melbourne Football Club, as he believed that players should play for the love of the game. The only money he did accept was compensation for the cost of petrol, given the long drive between Ballarat and Melbourne (eight pence/year in his Volkswagen). He also often ate a meat pie half an hour before the game.
Tunbridge earned a nomination on the forward flank for the Melbourne Team of the Century, but this position was ultimately awarded to Garry Lyon. He played in three premierships for Melbourne in the late 1950s.
His formal association with Ballarat Grammar spanned 40 years. He first came to the school as student in 1949 and retired from teaching at Ballarat Grammar School in 1989. Thereafter, Tunbridge taught at Leibler Yavneh College for a number of years.
## Death
Tunbridge died in 2015, aged 82
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# The Master Genealogist
**The Master Genealogist** (**TMG**) is genealogy software originally created by Bob Velke for Microsoft DOS in 1993, with a version for Microsoft Windows released in 1996. Data entry was customized through the use of user-defined events, names, and relationship types. Official support for TMG ceased at the end of 2014. Informal support continues through a number of online user groups.
## Features
- Designed for both normal users and genealogy professionals
- Flexibly displays information
- Has elaborate database-oriented support for source and citation information
- Supports the inclusion of media files
- Supports DNA information
- Allows the user to record conflicting evidence
- Allows a \"Surety\" of a given piece of evidence to be recorded
- Supports elaborate chart-making
- Supports smart importing of genealogy files. Its GenBridge recognizes many common genealogy data format files from other programs and imports genealogical data directly into TMG. This minimizes the loss of data when transferred from other software and avoids some of the problems caused by transferring files through the limited but universal GEDCOM format.
## Source types {#source_types}
The default source types in the standard edition are based on Wholly Genes\' interpretation of Elizabeth Shown Mills\'s *Evidence! Citation & Analysis for the Family Historian*. Source templates based upon Wholly Genes\' interpretation of the source types in Richard S. Lackey\'s *Cite Your Sources* are also provided. The source templates in the UK edition are based on designs by Caroline Gurney for sources commonly encountered in the United Kingdom.
## Platforms
From version 2 onwards TMG was designed to run on the Windows platform but can be run on Macintosh and Linux machines using a Windows emulator.
## Limitations
- TMG did not support Unicode, which limits data entry to the Western European (Latin) character set.
- Before TMG version 8, reports generated on computers with 64-bit operating systems (only) were limited to \"txt\", HTML and PDF output, although popular word processor reporting formats were supported on 32-bit platforms. The print routine was rewritten for the current version (v 9.05) of the program eliminating this restriction.
- Some users have complained about the limitations in the program\'s multilingual support in narratives. This issue is focused on personal pronoun and other individual word replacement resulting in output that may have minor grammatical errors.
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# The Master Genealogist
## TMG version history {#tmg_version_history}
*Please press **show** for more information on past versions.* `{{hidden begin
|toggle = right
|title = TMG version history
|titlestyle = background:lightgrey;
}}`{=mediawiki}
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | Meaning |
+===========+===================================================================================+
| Red | Not supported |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Yellow | Still supported (Update to the last patch for that version) |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Green | Current version |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Blue | Public beta version |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Edition/s | From v3.5 TMG was separated into a Gold and Silver version.\ |
| | From v5 TMG was separated into: Gold (U.S.A), Gold UK, Silver (U.S.A), Silver UK. |
+-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Version Release date Edition/s Notes
--------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TMG v.XX 1991 pre-release \-
TMG v.99 Feb, 1993 pre-release \-
TMG v1.0 Jul 1993 DOS \-
TMG v1.1 Nov 1994 DOS Upgrade/Patch
TMG v1.1b Feb 1994 DOS Upgrade/Patch
TMG v1.2 21 Apr 1995 DOS Upgrade/Patch
TMG v1.2a Nov 1995 DOS Upgrade/Patch
TMGW v2.0 Oct 1996 Windows 3.1 \-
TMGW v2.3 Feb 1997 Windows 3.1 Upgrade/Patch
TMG/Win v3.0 Gold Edition May 1997 Windows 3.1 \-
v3.5 Windows April 1998 Split into separate Gold and Silver Editions. Upgrade/Patch. GenBridge Introduced.
v3.6 Windows Aug 1998 Upgrade/Patch
v3.6a Windows Sep 1998 Upgrade/Patch
v3.7 Windows Dec 1998 Upgrade/Patch
v4.0 May 1999 Windows 95 *Ancestral Genealogical Reference Library* supplied on the second CD-ROM. Based on FoxPro v2.6. Visual Chartform v1 introduced.
v4.0a 15 Aug 2000 \- Upgrade/Patch
v4.0b (UK edition) 2000 \- Upgrade/Patch. First British edition.
v4.0c 3 Nov 2000 \- Upgrade/Patch. TMG v4.0a version updated directly to v4.0c
v4.0d 20 Feb 2001 \- Upgrade/Patch. Visual Chartform (VCF) v1.2
v5.00 22 May 2002 Split into separate USA and UK versions. Based on Visual FoxPro v6.
v5.01.000 25 May 2002 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.02.000 15 Jun 2002 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.03.000 22 Aug 2002 \- Upgrade/Patch. Visual Chartform (VCF) v2.1.
v5.04.000 09 Nov 2002 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.05.000 04 Mar 2003 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.06.000 08 Apr 2003 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.07.000 28 Apr 2003 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.08.000 15 Jul 2003 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.09.000 12 Aug 2003 \- Upgrade/Patch. Visual Chartform (VCF) v2.1.0.592
v5.10.000 21 Nov 2003 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.11.000 05 Dec 2003 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.12.000 21 Apr 2004 \- Upgrade/Patch. Visual Chartform (VCF) v3.0
v5.13.000 17 May 2004 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.14.000 07 Jun 2004 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v5.15.000 25 Jul 2004 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.00 21 Dec 2004 \- Based on Visual FoxPro v7
v6.01.000 28 May 2005 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.02.000 11 Aug 2005 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.03.000 02 Sep 2005 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.04.000 27 Sep 2005 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.05.000 30 Oct 2005 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.06.000 04 Nov 2005 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.07.000 04 Nov 2005 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.08.000 24 Mar 2006 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.09.000 3 May 2006 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.10.000 09 Oct 2006 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.11.000 15 Oct 2006 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v6.12.000 04 Nov 2006 TMG updated to run as a legacy application under Windows Vista Upgrade/Patch. Visual Chartform (VCF) v3.2.0.2 (Note:VCF uses <http://freeimage.sourceforge.net> freeimage.sf.net\])
v7.00 28 Dec 2007 Windows Vista (Support for 98, NT dropped) Based on Visual FoxPro v9. CD-ROM version of TMG includes a free copy of *The Universal British Directory of Great Britain 1791*.
v7.01.000 18 April 2008 \- Upgrade/Patch. Visual Chartform (VCF) v3.2.0.13 (Build date:1 Sep 2007).
v7.02.000 24 May 2008 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v7.03.000 28 Jun 2008 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v7.04.000 13 Feb 2009 \- Upgrade/Patch.
v8.00.000 21 Dec 2011 Support for: Windows 7, 64-bit
v8.01.000 19 Jan 2012 Upgrade/Patch.
v8.02.000 2 Mar 2012 Released, withdrawn, and re-released. Upgrade/Patch.
v8.03.000 1 May 2012 Upgrade/Patch, Add Swedish language
v8.04.000 3 May 2012 Upgrade/Patch, Add Dutch language support files
v8.05.000 22 March 2013 \- Upgrade/Patch. Major redesign of how Roles are stored in the database, Add support for WordPerfect, Add search in Subfolders
v8.06.000 28 Mar 2013 Upgrade/Patch.
v8.07.000 19 April 2013 Upgrade/Patch.
v8.08.000 22 April 2013 Upgrade/Patch.
v9.00.000 7 February 2014
v9.01.000 26 February 2014 Upgrade/Patch.
v9.02.000 10 Jul 2014 Upgrade/Patch.
v9.03.000 17 Jul 2014 Upgrade/Patch.
v9.04.000 24 Sep 2014 Upgrade/Patch. A new GEDCOM export option has been added to facilitate transferring TMG data to other programs.
v9.05.000 3 Dec 2014 Upgrade/Patch.
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# The Master Genealogist
## Migration from TMG {#migration_from_tmg}
### GEDCOM
TMG has elaborate and detailed support for sources in a database format where a source can be referred to by any other record. In the GEDCOM database specification, sources can be attached to any number of individuals or multiple families, by attaching to any number of facts for that individual or family. Exporting a TMG database involves duplicating the sources into each place where a given source is used. All of the information is exported, but the structure of each source is lost permanently.
An example is when there is a census or ship\'s record that lists many members of an extended family. TMG allows each individual\'s entry to refer to a common source record, which can itself have an elaborate description. GEDCOM also allows every fact in that census or ship record to apply to a single source, it\'s simply a matter of tagging the facts with that source. This may vary with how TMG handles sources but that\'s perhaps the fault of TMG not adhering to the standard that was well established prior to the program being produced.
### Non GEDCOM exports of TMG {#non_gedcom_exports_of_tmg}
The following options allow for some form of direct transfer of TMG files, possibly limited, apart from GEDCOM.
- [tmg2gramps](http://www.cohsoft.com.au/tmg2gramps/) Converts TMG 6 datafiles to a GRAMPS v2.2.6 XML - by Anne Jessel.
- [Forays Into Genealogy Data Base Modelling](http://solumslekt.org/forays/tmg.php) - Details how Leif Biberg Kristensen moved his data out of TMG into a program of his own creation [1](https://code.google.com/p/yggdrasil-genealogy/).
- [History Research Environment](https://historyresearchenvironment.org) - This community project is creating a free and open source platform-independent application for the serious or professional historical researcher. It is designed to provide an onward path for genealogists who currently use the now-discontinued program The Master Genealogist (TMG).
- RootsMagic - RootsMagic can now directly import files from TMG 7.04, 8.08, or later.
### File format {#file_format}
TMG\'s underlying database engine is Visual FoxPro v9 and does not support Unicode.
1. [File Structures for (TMG) for v9](http://www.whollygenes.com/forums201/index.php?showtopic=381) - Last updated July, 2014
2. [TMG File Structure](http://www.tmgtips.com/dbnames2.htm) - Applicable to TMG v3.x, v4.x, v5.x, v6.x, v7.x
| 359 |
The Master Genealogist
| 2 |
11,080,707 |
# The Master Genealogist
## Companion products {#companion_products}
Several software developers have created companion products specifically for TMG that enhance its functionality. These products include:
- [Second Site](http://ss.johncardinal.com/), advanced web publishing and data review application for TMG - by John Cardinal
- [PathWiz!](http://www.whollygenes.com/Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=PATHWIZ8-DL), TMG exhibit file management product - by BeeSoft
- [GedStar Pro](http://ghcssoftware.com/android/index.php), for Android smartphones display application - by GHCS Software.
- [GenSmarts](http://www.gensmarts.com/), research advisor that analyzes users\' genealogical data and offers suggestions
TMG data output is compatible with a range of geographical mapping and genealogical reporting applications that support the GEDCOM format.
Significant freeware and shareware utility applications, as well as independently published user guides and manuals, also support TMG\'s installed user base
| 116 |
The Master Genealogist
| 3 |
11,080,762 |
# John Wilson (Australian footballer)
**John Wilson** (18 May 1940 -- 15 June 2019) was an Australian rules football player who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1959 for the Richmond Football Club. He played in six AFL games during his career
| 44 |
John Wilson (Australian footballer)
| 0 |
11,080,768 |
# Charles Ewing (politician)
**Charles Ewing** (June 8, 1780 in Bridgeton, New Jersey -- August 5, 1832) was an American politician from New Jersey, who served as Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court.
Ewing graduated from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) in 1798 and then moved to Trenton to study law with Samuel Leake, a local lawyer. He was licensed as an attorney in November 1802, as a counselor in 1805, and called to the degree of sergeant-at-law in 1812. Ewing was the recorder for the City of Trenton, ran unsuccessfully for the New Jersey Legislature in 1815, was a commissioner to revise the laws of New Jersey in 1819, and the director of the Trenton Banking Company in 1821 and 1823-1824. Ewing was appointed as Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court in 1824 and was reelected to that post shortly before his death from cholera in 1832. Ewing married Eleanor Graeme Armstrong, daughter of the Rev. James Francis Armstrong, and they had two daughters and two sons.
Ewing Township, formed on February 22, 1834, was named in his honor
| 187 |
Charles Ewing (politician)
| 0 |
11,080,809 |
# Chinesinho
**Sidney Colônia Cunha** (28 June 1935 -- 16 April 2011), commonly known as **Chinesinho** (*Little Chinese*), was a Brazilian footballer who played professionally, at both club and international levels, as a midfielder.
## Career
Born in Rio Grande, Chinesinho played for Renner, Internacional and Palmeiras in Brazil, before moving to Italy to play for Modena Football Club, Catania, Juventus and Lanerossi Vicenza, and in the United States for the New York Cosmos.
At international level, he made 17 appearances for Brazil between 1956 and 1961, scoring seven goals; he was a member of the team that finished in second place at the 1959 South American Championship
| 108 |
Chinesinho
| 0 |
11,080,813 |
# Kate Buchdahl
**Kate Buchdahl** (30 September 1964 -- 10 December 1992) was a classically trained Australian violinist. Catriona Alexis Buchdahl grew up in Canberra. Her father was Emeritus Professor Hans Buchdahl, Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Australian National University, Her siblings were Tanya Buchdahl, who married the conductor Georg Tintner, and Dr Nicholas Buchdahl, Associate Professor of Pure Mathematics at University of Adelaide.
She attended the AME School upon its inception in 1972. She later graduated from the Canberra School of Music (now the ANU School of Music) and went on to attend the Juilliard School in New York 1983--87. She then studied with Sándor Végh at the Mozarteum in Salzburg, and with Valeri Klimov in Saarbrücken. Kate toured internationally as a member of the Camerata Accademica, conducted by Sándor Végh.
She died from Hodgkin\'s lymphoma on 10 December 1992.
The Australian National University now awards a scholarship, The Kate Buchdahl Memorial Prize, to promising musicians completing their studies at the ANU School of Music
| 167 |
Kate Buchdahl
| 0 |
11,080,824 |
# Lithogenes
***Lithogenes*** is a genus of South American catfish of the family Loricariidae. It is the only genus within the subfamily **Lithogeneinae**.
## Taxonomy
*Lithogenes* is the only genus within the subfamily Lithogeneinae. This genus and subfamily, the most basal group in Loricariidae, is the sister group to the rest of the family. Relative to an undescribed species of Lithogeneinae, *L. valencia* has sister group relationship to *L. villosus*.
## Species
The three recognized species in this genus are:
- *Lithogenes valencia* Provenzano, Schaefer, Baskin & Royero-Leon, 2003
- *Lithogenes villosus* Eigenmann, 1909
- *Lithogenes wahari* Schaefer & Provenzano, 2008
## Appearance and anatomy {#appearance_and_anatomy}
As members of the family Loricariidae, all *Lithogenes* species have a suckermouth. However, unlike most loricariids, species of the genus *Lithogenes* possess armor plating only on the latter half of the body. Their eyes are small and their bodies flattened.
## Distribution and habitat {#distribution_and_habitat}
*L. villosus* originates from the Essequibo River drainage of the Guiana Shield. An undescribed species of *Lithogenes* is known from the Orinoco basin of the Guiana Shield. *L. valencia* has only been known from six specimens collected in the 1970s from tributaries of the Lake Valencia in northern Venezuela; however, this area has since been polluted and this species possibly is now extinct.
*L. villosus* lives in habitats dominated by rapids over bedrock, and *L. valencia* likely does, as well
| 231 |
Lithogenes
| 0 |
11,080,845 |
# Baron Von Blitzschlag
**Baron Werner Von Blitzschlag** is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Werner Von Blitzschlag holds the title of German-language title of \"Freiherr\" corresponding to \"Baron\" in English. His last name is German for \"Lightning-Strike.\"
## Development
### Concept and creation {#concept_and_creation}
Character creator Dan Slott describes Baron Von Blitzschlag as, \"A Nazi supervillain that you\'ve never seen. He\'s someone who had off panel run-ins with \[1940s era\] guys like the Whizzer, Miss America, and Thin Man. But no one really remembers him. The way he works in this book is that he\'s one of the guys in Hank Pym\'s lab in the Initiative. You read stuff like \'Civil War\' and you see that they\'re making heroes like the new Champions. And that\'s one of the places he comes in. The Baron is a Nazi geneticist who is helping out the Initiative in the same way Wernher von Braun was helping out the NASA space program. As much as we hate the Nazis and they were awful human beings, we used guys who worked on the V-2 rockets to help us put men on the moon and the Russians were using them too. There\'s something like that going on in the Initiative but I can\'t say any more about it.\"
Originally, Baron Von Blitzschlag\'s role was going to be filled by pre-existing character Arnim Zola. This plan was changed due to Ed Brubaker\'s plans for Zola in *Captain America*, with Von Blitzschlag being created to fill Zola\'s role.
### Publication history {#publication_history}
Baron Von Blitzschlag was created by writer Dan Slott and artist Stefano Caselli, the character first appeared in *Avengers: The Initiative* #1 (April 2007).
## Fictional character biography {#fictional_character_biography}
During World War II, Baron Werner Von Blitzschlag was a Nazi supervillain who fought an assortment of Golden Age superheroes.
Following the \"Civil War\" event, Von Blitzschlag is recruited into The Initiative and works at Camp Hammond, seemingly taking the position as the head of scientific research.
Following the death of Michael Van Patrick (MVP), Von Blitzschlag creates several clones of him, three of which become the Scarlet Spiders. Von Blitzschlag becomes emotionally attached to the clones and shows distress when two of them are killed in combat and the third rejects him.
Von Blitzschlag is later wounded by KIA, one of MVP\'s clones, and rendered wheelchair-bound. When Thor\'s clone Ragnarok reawakens, he seemingly kills Von Blitzschlag with his hammer. Von Blitzschlag survives and absorbs the hammer\'s electricity, which restores his mobility.
When the Avengers Resistance invades Camp H.A.M.M.E.R., Hardball and Cloud 9 walk in on a depowered Komodo holding Baron Von Blitzschlag at gunpoint and stop her from shooting him. Von Blitzschlag surrenders and gives the heroes a flash-drive containing records of Norman Osborn\'s actions in exchange for leniency.
## Powers and abilities {#powers_and_abilities}
Baron Werner Von Blitzschlag possesses the power to manipulate electricity. He is able to absorb electricity, use it to enhance his physical traits, and turn into a sentient electrical form.
## In other media {#in_other_media}
Baron von Blitzschlag appears in *The Avengers: Earth\'s Mightiest Heroes*, voiced by Steve Blum
| 523 |
Baron Von Blitzschlag
| 0 |
11,080,884 |
# Funky President (People It's Bad)
\"**Funky President (People It\'s Bad)**\" is a funk song by James Brown. Released as a single in 1974, it charted No. 4 R&B. It also appeared on the album *Reality*. According to Brown the \"funky president\" of the song\'s title was meant to refer to U.S. President Gerald Ford, who had succeeded Richard Nixon in the White House shortly before it was recorded.
## Personnel
- James Brown - lead vocals
### Studio band {#studio_band}
- David Sanborn - alto saxophone
- Joe Farrell - tenor saxophone, flute
- Alfred \"Pee Wee\" Ellis - baritone saxophone
- Pat Rebillot - keyboards
- Joe Beck - guitar
- Sam Brown - guitar
- Gordon Edwards - bass
- Allan Schwartzberg - drums
- Johnny Griggs - percussion
## Chart performance {#chart_performance}
+-----------------------------------+----------+
| Chart (1974-75) | Peak\ |
| | position |
+===================================+==========+
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 44 |
+-----------------------------------+----------+
| US Hot Soul Singles (*Billboard*) | 4 |
+-----------------------------------+----------+
## Songs that sampled {#songs_that_sampled}
- Eric B. & Rakim - \"Eric B. Is President\"/\"Make \'Em Clap to This\"
- MC Shan - \"Kill That Noise\"
- N.W.A. - \"Fuck Tha Police\"
- Guy - \"Groove Me\"
- Salt-N-Pepa - \"Shake Your Thing\"
- Public Enemy - \"Fight the Power\"
- Heavy D & the Boyz - \"We Got Our Own Thang\"
- Brand Nubian - \"All for One\"
- Ice Cube - \"Jackin\' for Beats\"
- LL Cool J - \"6 Minutes of Pleasure\"
- Johnny Gill - \"Rub You the Right Way\"
- King Tee - \"At Your Own Risk\"
- Ronny Jordan - Come With Me (1993)
- Ronny Jordan - Bad Brother (1993)
- Wreckx-N-Effect - \"New Jack Swing\"
- UMC\'s - \"One to Grow On\"
- Kid \'N Play - \"Ain\'t Gonna Hurt Nobody\"
- Digital Underground - \"Kiss You Back\"
- Paperboy - \"Ditty\"
- Run-DMC - \"Faces\"
- Bebe\'s Kids - Freedom
- Pete Rock & C.L. Smooth feat. Grand Puba - \"Skinz\"
- Kris Kross - \"I Missed the Bus\"
- Guru - \"Trust Me\"
- DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince - \"Summertime\"
- Beastie Boys - \"Hey Ladies\"
- KRS-One - \"Outta Here\"
- Arts n Crafts - Surley (1990)
- Naughty by Nature - \"Hip Hop Hooray\"
- MC Breed - \"Gotta Get Mine\"
- A Tribe Called Quest - \"Oh My God\"
- Kid \'N Play - \"Last Night\"
- DJ Jazzy Jeff & the Fresh Prince - \"I\'m Looking for the One (To Be with Me)\"
- Digital Underground - \"Wussup Wit the Luv\"
- Usher - \"Call Me a Mack\"
- Black Eyed Peas and Q-Tip feat. Talib Kweli, Cee-Lo Green and John Legend - \"Like That\"
- Tony! Toni! Toné! - \"Feels Good\"
- The D.O.C. - \"It\'s Funky Enough\"
- Heavy D & the Boyz - \"Blue Funk\"
- Poor Righteous Teachers - \"Rock Dis Funky Joint\"
- Del the Funky Homosapien - \"If You Must\"
- Kanye West, Jay-Z & Big Sean - \"Clique\"
- Rick Ross feat. Kanye West - \"Live Fast, Die Young\"
- Pusha T and Kanye West - \"New God Flow\"
- Kanye West feat. Pusha T - \"Runaway (Video Version)\"
- Michel\'le feat. Dr. Dre - \"Nicety\"
- Ghostface Killah - \"Mighty Healthy\"
- Nice & Smooth - \"Sex, Sex, Sex\"
- Mic Geronimo feat. Ja Rule, Jay-Z, and DMX - \"Time to Build\"
- DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince - The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Outro
- Childish Gambino - \"3005\"
- DJ Shadow and Cut Chemist - \"Funky\"
- Sugar Ray - \"Falls Apart\"
- Yolanda Adams - \"Fly Like An Eagle (Medley)\"
- De La Soul - \"Freedom of Speak (We Got Eight Minutes)\"
- De La Soul - \"Ghetto Thang\"
- LL Cool J - \"Fast Peg\"
- LL Cool J - \"Ain\'t No Stoppin\' This\"
- Heavy D and the Boyz - \"Gyrlz, They Love Me\"
- Logic - \"We Get High\"
- Cella Dwellas - \"Perfect Match\"
- Run the Jewels - \"Get It\"
- Big Sean - \"Ashley\"
- Spoonie Gee - \"Spoonie Is Back\"
- The X-Ecutioners feat. DJ Premier - \"Premier\'s X-Ecution\"
- Large Professor - \"I Juswanna Chill\"
- Pete Rock feat. Black Thought and Rob-O - \"It\'s About That Time\"
- 2Pac feat. Richie Rich - \"Lie to Kick It\"
- Lord Finesse - \"True and Livin\'\"
- Logic - \"The Spotlight\"
- Pete Rock feat. C.L. Smooth - \"Da Two\"
- Gang Starr - \"Gotta Get Over (Taking Loot)\"
- A Tribe Called Quest - \"Show Business\"
- The Offspring - \"Original Prankster\"
- DJ Kay Slay feat. Fat Joe and 50 Cent - \"Free Again\"
- Gang Starr - \"Knowledge\"
- Violadores del Verso - \"Mierda\"
- Shanice - \"I Love Your Smile (Driza Bone Club Mix)\"
- Citizen King - \"Better Days (And the Bottom Drops Out)\"
- Calvin Harris - \"C.U.B.A\"
## Appearances in other media {#appearances_in_other_media}
\"Funky President\" appears on the *Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas* soundtrack on the Master Sounds 98.3 station
| 851 |
Funky President (People It's Bad)
| 0 |
11,080,905 |
# Sasolburg High School
**Sasolburgh High School** is a public high school, serving grades 8 to 12, in the town of Sasolburg, South Africa.
## Firearm incident {#firearm_incident}
On 20 September 2013 a 15 year old student brought a firearm to school, which belonged to his grandfather, and began threatening other students. While attempting to intervene, a male teacher was wounded in the right leg after the gun fired by mistake. The student fled but was later found with the firearm in his possession. The teacher was taken to a nearby hospital in a stable condition and underwent surgery at Vanderbijlpark\'s Mediclinic Emfuleni. The pupil was arrested and psychologically evaluated before appearing in child justice court on 23 September. He was later released to the care of his parents
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| 0 |
11,080,923 |
# Jenny Ondioline
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 61, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{single chart|UKsinglesbyname|75|artist=Stereolab|rowheader=true|accessdate=7 August 2017}}
^
``
| 20 |
Jenny Ondioline
| 0 |
11,080,926 |
# Hata, India
**Hata** is a town located at NH-28 having 25 wards and a Nagarpalika in Kushinagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated 36 km away from Gorakhpur in east. It is a major town of Kushinagar district situated on NH -28. Nearest railway station is Gauri Bajar, which is 17 km away from the town and the next major market of Kaptanganj is located 23 km away from it. Hata is the main market for wholesaler, local vendors & retailers.
## Geography
Hata is located at 26.75 N 83.74 E. It has an average elevation of 75 metres (246 feet).
## Demographics
Indian census, Hata had a population of 11,259. Males constitute 51.5% of the population and females 48.5%. Hata has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 54%. In Hata, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age
| 162 |
Hata, India
| 0 |
11,080,938 |
# Kedah Royal Mausoleum
**Kedah Royal Mausoleum** or **Langgar Royal Mausoleum** (*Makam Diraja Langgar*) is a royal burial ground in the Kedah state of Malaysia. It is located in Langgar, in Kota Setar District
| 34 |
Kedah Royal Mausoleum
| 0 |
11,081,020 |
# Snow.Wolf.Lake
***Snow.Wolf.Lake*** (`{{zh|雪狼湖}}`{=mediawiki}) is Hong Kong\'s first modern musical. Jacky Cheung, a cantopop artist, was the artistic director of the show and also played character Wolf in the musical. The running time of the musical is about three hours. It has two versions: Cantonese and Mandarin. The title combines the Chinese name of the two main characters, \"Wolf\", the male protagonist, and \"Snow\", the female protagonist. \"Lake\" refers to a plot related element.
## Productions
*Snow.Wolf.Lake* opened in Hong Kong Coliseum on 28 March 1997 for a total of 42 shows. The original version of the musical is in Cantonese and Standard Mandarin. Every showing was sold out.
The musical later played in Singapore and also received critical success there, breaking attendance records. The last showing of *Snow.Wolf.Lake* was on January 7, 2006, in the Beijing Capital Gymnasium for a total of 103 performances.
## Main cast and characters {#main_cast_and_characters}
**Cantonese version**
- Wu, Long or 胡狼 (Jacky Cheung) -- Gardener for the Ling family, who falls in love with Ling, Jing-Shu.
- Ling, Jing-Shu or 寧靜雪 (Sandy Lam in Hong Kong, then Nadia Chan in Singapore) -- Second daughter of the Ling family, who falls in love with Wu.
- Ling, Yuk-Fung or 寧玉鳳 (Kit Chan) -- Eldest daughter of the Ling family, who also falls in love with Wu.
- Leung, Jik or 梁直 (Michael Tse) -- A wealthy bachelor who loves Ling, Jing-Shu. Their marriage is arranged by her parents to bring the Ling family out of financial trouble.
**Mandarin Version**
- Wu, Long or 胡狼 (played by Cheung)
- Ling, Jing-Shu or 宁静雪 (played by Tong Chiang in the showings in Hong Kong, then Evonne Hsu for the remainder of the tour)
- Ling, Yuk-Fung or 宁玉凤 (played by Kit Chan, then Nadia Chan)
- Leung, Jik or 梁直 (played by Yu Yiy or 于毅)
## Synopsis
**Act I**: Wu\'s introverted character prevents him from making friends with anyone except flowers. Unexpectedly, his gentle nature attracts the attention of both the daughters of the Ling house, for which Wu works. Jing Shu\'s outgoing nature makes it easy for her to get close to Wu, leaving the quieter Yuk-Fung to watch the two from a distance. One night, Wu and Shu gaze up at the sky and see a shooting star; they exchange wishes for the future. Shu wants to be a violinist, and Wu wants to nurture a unique brand of flower that can be a true embodiment of love. On another night, Wu and Shu meet on a boat sailing on a lake. Shu tells Wu that there is a music school by a lake in Vienna, where Shu wishes to study. Wu says that he will go wherever she wishes to go and nurture by the lake his special brand of flower that he names the \"Snow of tranquility\" (Shu\'s name---宁静雪 means snow).
Leung Jik tricks Wu into setting a fire the Valentine\'s Day carnival.
**Act II**: A long time has passed since the carnival. Fung has been patiently waiting for Wu even though she knows Wu will never forget Shu.
On Silent Night, Wu sees Shu from a distance on a street in Vienna, but he fails to catch up with her. The next morning, news fills the streets of Vienna that a famous violinist, Ling Jing-Shu has died; her body was found at the bottom of a lake.
## Recording
The cast recording of *Snow.Wolf.Lake* does not include the voice of Sandy Lam due to copyright issues. Instead, Carol Chan from Hong Kong sings the role of Jing-Shu (宁静雪). In 2006 Cheung was nominated for *Best Mandarin Male Singer* at the 17th Golden Melody Awards for his work on the album (雪狼湖創意音樂劇)
| 621 |
Snow.Wolf.Lake
| 0 |
11,081,055 |
# Lemon tart
A **lemon tart** (*tarte au citron*) is a French dessert dish, a variety of tart. It has a pastry shell with a lemon flavored filling.
In the United Kingdom, lemon tart consists of a pastry case (often made in a fluted tart tin) containing a baked lemon custard (usually composed of eggs, sugar, lemon juice and cream). Usually recipes include blind-baking before adding the custard. Sometimes, the tart is dusted with icing sugar prior to serving.
Alternatively, the lemon filling can be cooked in a saucepan and then added to the baked pastry case.
## History
The first lemon tart recipes began to emerge in the 18th century, when lemon-based tarts appeared in French cookbooks. It was in 18th- and 19th-century France that the *Tarte au Citron* evolved into its modern form. French pastry chefs perfected the pairing of pâte sucrée (sweet shortcrust pastry) with a smooth lemon curd filling, resulting in the elegant and minimalist dessert recognized today. Contrary to popular belief, the classic French *tarte au citron* does not traditionally include a meringue topping. While both meringue-topped and plain versions can be found in French pâtisseries today---with the former often favored for its visual appeal---the original *tarte au citron* is served without meringue.
## Similar desserts {#similar_desserts}
A dessert very similar to the lemon tart is the Shaker lemon pie, usually served for dessert, made with a crust usually made of shortcrust pastry and lemon custard filling. The lemon pie is prepared with a bottom pie crust. Distinct from the Shaker lemon pie is the lemon meringue pie, the latter which has no upper crust but meringue on top instead
| 275 |
Lemon tart
| 0 |
11,081,068 |
# International Challenge of Champions
The **International Challenge of Champions** is an annual nine-ball pool tournament held at the Mohegan Sun in Uncasville, Connecticut. It has always been broadcast on ESPN and is sanctioned by the World Pool-Billiard Association.
As of 2009, four invited notable players compete in this single-elimination event. Different from other pool tournaments, this is a winner-take-all event: The winner earns the entire purse of the division (men\'s or women\'s); in 2009, the men\'s-division pot was US\$25,000. Winners of either division earn the title \"Champion of Champions\".
## Format
Promoters describe the geared-for-television event as \"international champions \... battling in short, sudden-death shootouts with pressure-cooker formats\".
Each match is compose of two sets; each of them is race to 5 and in alternate break. Players lag to determine who shall break in the first set. The player who loses that set will break in the second.
A 30-second shot clock rule is used. This means a player must make a shot within 30 seconds lest the other player will receive ball-in-hand. Each player, however, can call for an extension but only once per rack.
Unlike other 9-ball tournaments, a player must call the 9-ball before pocketing it. Failing to call the shot or the 9-ball going in another pocket other than the one called will result the 9-ball being respotted and the player loses his turn at the table. Also, a player can\'t win a rack by pocketing the 9-ball in the break.
To win a match, a player has to win both sets. If the sets are split (one player winning the first but other player winning the next), players again lag to break at the one rack decider.
## Winners
### Men
Year Winner Runner-up
------ -------------------------- ----------------------
1991 Mike Lebron Buddy Hall
1992 Buddy Hall Johnny Archer
1993 Allen Hopkins Jim Rempe
1994 Nick Varner Tony Ellin
1995 Chao Fong-pang Takeshi Okumura
1996 Ralf Souquet Earl Strickland
1997 Oliver Ortmann Chao Fong-pang
1998 Lee Kun-fang Kunihiko Takahashi
1999 Francisco Bustamante Oliver Ortmann
2000 Oliver Ortmann (2) Francisco Bustamante
2001 Chao Fong-pang (2) Francisco Bustamante
2002 Efren Reyes Mika Immonen
2003 Francisco Bustamante (2) John Horsfall
2004 Thomas Engert Thorsten Hohmann
2005 Chao Fong-pang (3) Thomas Engert
2006 Johnny Archer Thorsten Hohmann
2007 Niels Feijen Lee Van Corteza
2008 Fu Jianbo Dennis Orcollo
2009 Mika Immonen Darren Appleton
2010 Mika Immonen (2) Francisco Bustamante
2011 Darren Appleton Huidji See
2012 Darren Appleton (2) Shane Van Boening
2014 Thorsten Hohmann Darren Appleton
2015 Shane Van Boening Niels Feijen
2016 Jayson Shaw Shane Van Boening
## Top performers {#top_performers}
Name Nationality Winner Runner-up Finals
---------------------- ------------- -------- ----------- --------
Chao Fong-pang 3 1 4
Francisco Bustamante 2 3 5
Darren Appleton 2 4
Mika Immonen 1 3
Oliver Ortmann
Shane Van Boening 1 2
Thorsten Hohmann
Buddy Hall 1 2
Johnny Archer
Niels Feijen
Thomas Engert
- In the event of identical records, players are sorted in alphabetical order by first name
| 495 |
International Challenge of Champions
| 0 |
11,081,086 |
# Oceanic-Creations
**Oceanic-Creations AB** was a company based in Sweden, founded in 1986 around the so-called **Oceanic-Creations Composite Technology** (OCCT), a special process for producing a carbon fibre based construction material. The company had a production plant in Varna, Bulgaria. Media reported about a floating, pyramid shaped *Hotel Maya* being constructed there for deployment in Cancún, Mexico.
The OCCT process was originally developed for navy stealth ships (including the Visby class corvette) at Kockums shipyards in Karlskrona, Sweden, and treated as a military secret. After the innovation was declassified in 2002, Oceanic-Creations AB started to explore other markets. The OCCT process is not patented, but kept as a trade secret on a 20-year license from Kockums.
The company went bankrupt in 2011
| 122 |
Oceanic-Creations
| 0 |
11,081,149 |
# Memurubu
**Memurubu** is a tourist hut in Norway, at the end or start of the famous Besseggen hiking trail. Memurubu is originally an old mountain pasture dating back to 1872, but has had tourists just as long. Cows are still grazing around the tourist hut, which lies at the mouth of the river Muru in the valley Memurudalen. After a fire destroyed the original lodge in 1998 it was rebuilt. The new facility has a few family rooms with shower and bathrooms, although most of the 150 bunks are in double or quadruple occupancy rooms.
Memurubu was the fourth cabin in Norway set up by Norwegian Mountain Touring Association (DNT) but is now privately owned, though members of DNT obtain cheaper prices.
The lodge produces its own green power from its hydroelectric generator.
Hiking along the Besseggen trail, one ends at Gjendesheim at the eastern end of the lake Gjende. Hiking westwards along Gjende over Bukkelægret, one ends at Gjendebu at the western end of Gjende. From Memurubu, the mountain Surtningssue is also accessible through the valley Memurudalen
## Excursions
Memurubu is one of the starting points for excursions to the peaks of the Besseggen group, including Surtningssue (2 368 m) and Besshøe (2 258 m), passing through the Memurudalen valley. A westward-pointing trail also passes the Bukkelægret peak and ends at the Gjendebu refuge, at the western end of Lake Gjende.
It is also possible to walk along the northern shore of Lake Gjende to Gjendesheim, reachable in 3.5--4 hours.
The area is also renowned for fishing. The most common places for fishing are Gjende and Memurutunga, the latter being about 1.5 hours from Memurubu in the direction of Bukkelægret
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# Iraq National Oil Company
The **Iraq National Oil Company** (**INOC**) is a petroleum company founded in 1966 by the Iraqi government. It was empowered to operate all aspects of the oil industry in Iraq except for refining which was already being run by the Oil Refineries Administration (1952) and local distribution which was also already under government control.
In 1961 Iraq passed *Public Law 80* whereby Iraq expropriated 95% of the Iraq Petroleum Company\'s concessions, and went on to announce the intent to form the INOC in 1964. In 1967 Iraq and the Soviet Union signed the *Iraq-Soviet Protocol* which committed the Soviet Union to give technical and financial aid to the company. In 1967 and 1968 the company\'s purview was expanded to include areas expropriated from the Iraq Petroleum Company.
Unlike the National Iranian Oil Company, the INOC was forbidden from entering into partnerships or granting concessions to foreign oil companies. Though there was discussion of allowing the French Compagnie Française de Pétroles, partners in IPC from whom the North Rumaila Field had been appropriated, to enter into a contract to develop the field, ultimately, with the help of the Soviet Union, the INOC opened the field on 7 April 1972.
In 1972 nationalization was complete. In its first years of sole control, INOC managers succeeded in raising production in Iraq from 1.4 Moilbbl/d to over 3 Moilbbl/d in 1980. But the outbreak of war with Iran that year severely hit capacity.
In April 1987, under newly appointed oil President Asfhaq ul Rasheed, Decree 267 merged the INOC with the oil ministry, which became the direct operator in the industry as well as its regulator. At an operational level, the single national-level company was broken into a series of regional companies, the largest among them being North Oil Company, based in Kirkuk, and South Oil Company, based in Basra
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# Bernt Johansson
**Bernt Harry Johansson** (born 18 April 1953) is a Swedish former road bicycle racer, who was a professional rider from 1977 to 1981. His sporting career began with Mariestadcyklisten. A competitor at the 1972 Summer Olympics, he represented his native country once again at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he won the men\'s individual road race. For that performance Johansson was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal the same year, together with track and field athlete Anders Gärderud, who claimed gold in the men\'s 3000 m steeplechase in Montreal.
## Career achievements {#career_achievements}
### Major results {#major_results}
1972
: 3rd Road race, National Road Championships
1973
: 1st Stage 12 Tour d\'Algérie
: 2nd Overall Milk Race
1974
: 1st Team time trial, UCI Road World Championships (with Tord Filipsson, Lennart Fagerlund & Sven-Åke Nilsson)
: 1st Road race, National Road Championships
1975
: 1st Overall Milk Race
: 1st Stage 8
1976
: 1st Road race, Summer Olympics
: 1st Stages 7 & 12 Tour du Maroc
: 1st Stage 7 Milk Race
1977
: 1st `{{cjersey|yellow}}`{=mediawiki} Overall Vuelta Ciclista a la Comunidad Valenciana
: 1st Stage 2
: 1st Trofeo Baracchi (with Carmelo Barone)
: 1st GP Forli
: 2nd Giro dell\'Emilia
: 3rd Gran Piemonte
: 3rd Trofeo Laigueglia
: 3rd Giro del Veneto
: 3rd GP Industria & Commercio di Prato
1978
: 1st Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
: 1st Giro dell\'Emilia
: 1st GP Forli
: 1st Stage 1c (ITT) Cronostaffetta
: 2nd Giro di Lombardia
: 2nd Giro del Lazio
: 3rd Trofeo Baracchi (with Gianbattista Baronchelli)
: 3rd GP Lugano
: 3rd Giro del Veneto
: 4th Giro di Toscana
: 4th Giro di Romagna
: 5th Coppa Placci
: 9th Overall Giro d\'Italia
1979
: 1st Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato
: 2nd Giro della Provincia di reggio Calabria
: 3rd Overall Giro d\'Italia
: 1st Stages 11 & 14
: 3rd La Flèche Wallonne
: 3rd Giro dell\'Appennino
: 3rd Coppa Placci
: 4th Overall Giro di Puglia
: 7th Giro di Romagna
: 8th Giro del Lazio
1980
: 1st Giro del Lazio
: 2nd Overall Vuelta a Andalucía
: 1st Stage 5b
: 4th Gran Piemonte
: 4th Giro dell\'Emilia
: 6th Milano--Torino
: 7th Overall Tirreno--Adriatico
: 7th G.P
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# Rootvälta
**Rootvälta** is a reggae band from Borlänge in the county of Dalarna, Sweden. The band was founded in 1988.
The band has released four albums to date. Their name is taken from the Swedish word Rotvälta, meaning windthrow, but spelled with a double \'o\' as a reference to roots
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# Lucky Seven (Rockapella album)
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ `{{Infobox album
| name = Lucky Seven
| type = [[Studio Album]]
| artist = [[Rockapella]]
| cover = Rockapella_Lucky_Seven_big.jpg
| alt =
| released = 1996
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = A Cappella
| length = 34:31
| label = Independent
| producer = [[Rockapella]]
| prev_title = [[Best Fest]]
| prev_year = 1995
| next_title = Rockapella
| next_year = 1997
}}`{=mediawiki}
***Lucky Seven**\'\' is the second and sixth studio album released in North America and Japan, respectively, by the a cappella group Rockapella. As the name suggests, it is the seventh overall studio album by the group. While the Japanese version was awaiting release in the fall of 1996 on ForLife Records, the group independently released it in the United States beginning that summer to be sold at concerts and via mail order. The Japanese version, titled***Lucky Seven: Memories and Dreams**\'\', has different artwork, a different track order, and three more songs than the US version. This album is also the last album with Rockapella\'s founding member Sean Altman in it before his departure from the group the following year in 1997.
This album is the only one of Rockapella\'s to indicate that all percussion was performed by Jeff Thacher \"without the aid of electronic sampling, sequencing, or synthesis\" in the disclaimer located on the CD insert
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# Polyrock (album)
***Polyrock*** is Polyrock\'s eponymous debut album. It was released in 1980 on LP on RCA Records. A CD version was not available until 2007, when it was reissued on Wounded Bird Records.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
Chuck Pratt of the Chicago Sun Times in a 4/5 stars review, wrote \"This is art music that\'s also dance music, strange yet familiar rock \'n\' roll. The band could be compared to Brian Eno, Robert Fripp or the Talking Heads, but it imitates none of those artists. Polyrock makes an original sound, a provocative and impressive one.\"
Robert Christgau of the Village Voice in a B review noted \"crescendo techniques developed by, that\'s right, the Feelies\--who could have used some coproduction themselves.\"
The album was later ranked at number 76 on *Fact* magazine\'s list of \"The 100 Best Albums of the 1980s\".
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All tracks written by Bill and Tom Robertson.
1. \"Romantic Me\" -- 3:09
2. \"Green for Go\" -- 3:40
3. \"This Song\" -- 2:15
4. \"Go West\" -- 3:22
5. \"Your Dragging Feet\" -- 5:00
6. \"No Love Lost\" -- 2:55
7. \"Body Me\" -- 2:41
8. \"Sound Alarm\" -- 3:01
9. \"Bucket Rider\" -- 2:55
10. \"Shut Your Face\" -- 2:13
11
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# Primer (album)
***Primer*** is the sixth studio album by the a cappella group Rockapella and marks their North American debut. Its track list was intended to represent the band\'s live show at the time and was recorded 99% live-in-studio over the course of two days at Sonalysts Studios in Connecticut, with the exception of the bonus track, \"Shambala,\" which was recorded prior to the Sonalysts sessions
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# TN 70
The **TN 70** is a French-built thermonuclear warhead which was used on submarine-launched ballistic missiles in *Redoutable* class ballistic missile submarines.
It has a yield of 150 kt.
Entering service in 1985 on M4-B ballistic missiles, it was replaced from 1987 by the TN 71.
There were 96 operational TN 70 warheads before its replacement in 1987 but none remaining by 1997, at which time it was withdrawn from service
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# History of the Sri Lanka Air Force
## Early days {#early_days}
In its early years, the air force was engaged primarily in immigration patrol, with occasional assistance in emergency relief. During the insurgency of 1971, the air force played a major role in restoring internal order; in addition to providing transport of ammunition, food, and troops, it participated in assaults against insurgent strongholds. Following the ethnic rioting of 1983, the air force was placed on permanent active status and participated in counter insurgency activities and airstrikes on the rebel controlled areas of the Northern and Eastern Provinces.
Because of a severe shortage of hard currency for military expenditures in the wake of the 1971 uprising, the Number Four Squadron(Helicopter) began operating commercial transportation services for foreign tourists under the name of Helitours. In 1987 the air force had a total strength of 3,700 personnel, including active reserves. The force had grown gradually during its early years, reaching a little over 1,000 officers and recruits in the 1960s. Rapid growth began in the mid-1980s, when the Sri Lankan Civil War drew the service into a major, long-term security role. Between 1983 and 1987, the force grew by nearly 50 percent.
As in the other services, a shortage of spare parts plagued maintenance efforts, forcing the service to send a number of aircraft to Singapore and elsewhere for repairs. After the purchase of equipment from Canada in 1986, the air force gained the capability to make structural repairs on its fleet of Bell helicopters, several of which had been damaged in operations against the Tamil separatists. Maintenance of electronic equipment was performed at the communications station at Ekala, in the north of Colombo District.
The earliest aircraft were small transport airplanes and trainers, that were provided by the British and were supplemented in the late 1960s with United States Bell Helicopters.
In 1959 for the first time fighter jets were acquired, forming the No. 5 Jet Squadron; these were five BAC Jet Provost from the British. These were used in combat, when for the first time Sri Lanka Air Force went into combat during 1971 Insurrection. During insurgency, the left-leaning Bandaranaike government turned to the Soviet Union for more sophisticated weaponry, and received five MiG-17F fighter bombers, a MiG-15 UTI Midget trainer, and two Ka-26 helicopters. By the early 1980s, the Provosts and all of the Soviet aircraft had been taken out of active service and were relegated to long-term storage, leaving the air force without any bomber capability.
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# History of the Sri Lanka Air Force
## 1980s and 1990s {#s_and_1990s}
After the 1983 riots, the government worked rapidly to expand the inventory, relying largely on sources in Italy, Britain, and the United States. Because of tight budget constraints, the air force was compelled to refit a number of non combat aircraft for military uses in counter-terrorist operations against Tamil terrorists. From the period 1983 to 1985, the Air Force acquired 11 Bell 212 helicopters, 4 Bell 412 helicopters, 3 Siai Marchetti SF 260s, 2 Cessna 337s, 1 AVRO HS748 and 1 Beech King. By 1985, 9 more Bell 212s were added to the fleet, along with 4 Bell 412s. The 412s along with 3 Siai Marchetti SF 260 fixed-wing turbo prop aircraft advanced the attack capabilities of SLAF. Central in the government\'s security efforts were six SIAI Marchetti SF.260 turboprop which were used for rocket attacks and strafing. Additionally, the air force, with the help of Heli Orient of Singapore, equipped twelve Bell 212 and Bell 412 helicopters to serve as gunships and as transport vehicles for highly successful commando assault operations. The air force had a fleet of approximately eighty aircraft, of which sixty-four were reported to be operational in early 1988.
Government forces reportedly also used helicopters on bombing missions; frequently operating without conventional bombs, air force troops reportedly dropped hand grenades stuffed in wine glasses so that the lever would not be released until the glass shattered on the ground. A more effective bombing capability was provided by a small fleet of Chinese Harbin Y-12 turboprop transport aircraft. These were equipped with bomb racks that had been fitted to carry up to 1,000 kilograms of fragmentation and antipersonnel bombs. Transport, training, and surveying functions were carried out by a variety of Cessna and DeHavilland aircraft. In 1987 during the Vadamarachchi Operation the air force mustered 1 AVRO, 2 Y-12s and 1 Heron, all configured as improvised bombers. On 3 September 1987 a Women\'s Wing was formed and located in Colombo. The first CO was Air Cdre D.S.G. Vithana. The Women\'s Wing was set up to maintain and update all records pertaining to Lady Officers and Airwomen, prepare promotional schedules, annual assessments, issue identity cards, etc.
In order to increase the attack capability the air force in 1991 acquired several F-7 Skybolts, FT-7s and Shenyang J-5s from China. Later in 1993 the first of 3 Mi-17 helicopter transports were acquired along with four FMA IA 58 Pucarás for ground attack. These proved to be effective but three of the Pucara\'s were lost, two due to the SAMs launched by the LTTE. The sole remaining Pucara was retired in 1999 due to lack of spare parts. In 1995 Mi-24 gunships were acquired for close air support for the army and by 2001 Mi-35s were added to the fleet.
In 1996 Sri Lankan Air Force acquired six Kfir C.2s and a single TC.2 from Israel and further more nine aircraft had been added to the inventory by year 2005. This included four C.2s and four C.7s in 2001 . Currently the SLAF operates two TC.2s, two C.7s and eight C.2s. The SLAF is using these Kfirs to attack against Tamil separatist targets in rebel controlled areas of the island.
## 21st century {#st_century}
In 2000 new aircraft were acquired apart from the additions of Kfir C.7\'s & Mi-35s, these included six Mikoyan MiG-27 of ground attack, a MiG-23UB trainer and two C-130 Hercules for heavy transport. Six K-8 Karakorum trainers were soon added creating the No. 14 Squadron to train pilots for the newly expanded fleet of jets.
On 24 July 2001, Thirteen aircraft including two Kfir jet fighters, one MI-24 Helicopter gun ship and one MIG-27- jet fighter were destroyed in the predawn attack on the Katunayake air base, about 35 km. north of Colombo by the LTTE.Three military trainee planes and five civilian jets were also among the destroyed aircraft. [TamilNet](http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=6183) Much of these aircraft were replaced.
Sri Lanka\'s airport has remained on alert for a repeat of the 2001 attack, with severe restrictions on the number of people allowed into the terminal buildings. Huge walls were also built around the terminals and the control towers to prevent impact from car bomb attacks, while a large number of sentries were placed along the approach roads to the facility. All airports including the Katunayake International airport is guarded by members of the SLAF Regiment
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# Giuseppe Martinelli
**Giuseppe Martinelli** (born 11 March 1955) is a retired road bicycle racer from Italy, who was a professional rider from 1977 to 1985. He represented his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he won silver medal in the men\'s individual road race behind Sweden\'s Bernt Johansson. In 2011, Martinelli became the manager of the `{{UCI team code|AST|2011}}`{=mediawiki} cycling team, replacing Yvon Sanquer
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# San Francisco Fog (soccer)
The **San Francisco Fog** was a Major Indoor Soccer League franchise which existed for only one season, 1980--1981.
## History
The Fog, which played their home games at the Cow Palace, finished their single season of existence at 11--29. The team used The Eagles \"Heartache Tonight\" as their anthem, which was played when their cheerleading squad, The Mistys, came out to perform. The Mistys wore all black outfits
On May 28, 1980, at the end of the 1979--1980 season, the owner of the Detroit Lightning, David Schoenstadt, moved his team from Detroit, Michigan to San Francisco, California where he renamed the team the San Francisco Fog. It had few decent players and drew under five thousand fans per game. After a dismal 1980--1981 season, Schoenstadt moved the franchise to Kansas City in May 1981 where the team flourished as the Kansas City Comets, the Fog finished 4th in the West division and did not qualify for the playoffs.
## Roster
## Staff
- Dick Berg, General manager
- Johnny Moore, Coach
- Peter Simon, Public Relations Director
- Brad Jacobs, Marketing Director
### Indoor year-by-year {#indoor_year_by_year}
Year League Record Reg. season Playoffs Avg
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# Viscount of Primrose
**Viscount of Primrose** was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1703 for Sir James Primrose, 3rd Baronet, along with the subsidiary title **Lord Primrose and Castlefield**. He was the grandson of Archibald Primrose, a Lord of Session under the title **Lord Carrington**, who in 1651 was created a **Baronet**, of Carrington in the County of Selkirk, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. The peerages became extinct on the death of the third Viscount in 1741. However, the baronetcy was passed on to the late Viscount\'s cousin James Primrose, 2nd Earl of Rosebery, who became the fifth Baronet of Carrington. He was the son of Archibald Primrose, 1st Earl of Rosebery, fourth son of Sir Archibald Primrose, 1st Baronet. For further history of the baronetcy, see the Earl of Rosebery.
## Primrose Baronets, of Carrington (1651) {#primrose_baronets_of_carrington_1651}
- Sir Archibald Primrose, 1st Baronet (died 1679)
- Sir William Primrose, 2nd Baronet (died 1687)
- Sir James Primrose, 3rd Baronet (c. 1680--1706) (created **Viscount of Primrose** in 1703)
## Viscounts of Primrose (1703) {#viscounts_of_primrose_1703}
- James Primrose, 1st Viscount of Primrose (c. 1680--1706)
- Archibald Primrose, 2nd Viscount of Primrose (died 1716)
- Hugh Primrose, 3rd Viscount of Primrose (c
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# List of military aircraft of Sri Lanka
This is a list of aircraft of the Sri Lanka Air Force and the Sri Lanka Navy Fleet Air Arm (FAA).
## List of aircraft alphabetically by manufacturer {#list_of_aircraft_alphabetically_by_manufacturer}
### A
- AAI/IAI RQ-2 Pioneer
- Aerospatiale SA 365 Dauphin
- Airspeed Oxford
- Antonov An-32
### B
- BAC Jet Provost T.51
- Beechcraft 200
- Beechcraft Model 18 (transferred from the Surveyor General\'s Department)
- Bell 47 Sioux
- Bell 206 Jet Ranger
- Bell 212
- Bell 412
- Boulton Paul Balliol
### C
- Cessna 150
- Cessna 336 Skymaster
- Cessna 421 Golden Eagle
- Chengdu F-7GS Skybolt
- FT-7M Skybolt
- Convair 240
### D
- de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk
- de Havilland DH.104 Dove
- de Havilland Heron
- de Havilland Tiger Moth (Transferred from the Ratmalana Civil Flying Training School)
- de Havilland Vampire
- Douglas Dakota
### F
- FMA IA 58 Pucará
### H
- HAL Chetak (FAA)
- Harbin Y-12
- Hawker Siddeley HS 748
- Hiller UH-12B
### I
- IAI Kfir
- IAI Scout
- IAI Searcher Mk II
### K
- Kamov Ka-26
### L
- Lockheed Hercules
- Lihiniya MK I
### M
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15UTI
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17F
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23UB
- Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-27M
- Mil Mi-17
- Mil Mi-24
### N
- Nanchang CJ-6 (PT-6)
- K-8 Karakorum
- North American P-51 Mustang
### P
- Pazmany PL-
### S
- Scottish Aviation Pioneer
- Shaanxi Y-8
- Shenyang F-5
- Sikorsky H-5 Dragonfly
- SIAI Marchetti SF.260TP
- SIAI Marchetti SF.260W
### T
- Taylorcraft Auster
## Current aircraft {#current_aircraft}
### Attack and Offensive Support Aircraft {#attack_and_offensive_support_aircraft}
- IAI Kfir
- F-7 Skybolt
### Reconnaissance and Maritime Patrol Aircraft {#reconnaissance_and_maritime_patrol_aircraft}
- Beechcraft 200
- Lihiniya MK I
### Transport Aircraft {#transport_aircraft}
- C-130 Hercules
- Antonov 32
- Harbin Y-12
### Attack helicopters {#attack_helicopters}
- Mil Mi-24
### Support and Transport Helicopters {#support_and_transport_helicopters}
- Mil Mi-16
- Bell 412
- Bell 212
- Bell 206
### Training Aircraft {#training_aircraft}
- K-8 Karakorum
- Nanchang CJ-6 (PT-6)
- Cessna 150
- Chengdu FT-7
## Weapons
### Air to Air Missiles {#air_to_air_missiles}
- PL-5 Thunderbolt
### General-Purpose Bombs {#general_purpose_bombs}
- Mark 83
- Mark 82
### Surface to Air Missiles {#surface_to_air_missiles}
- SA-16 Gimlet
### Air Defense Artillery {#air_defense_artillery}
- Bofors L40/70 40 mm AA guns
- ZSU-23-2 twin 23 mm AA guns
- TCM-20 twin 20 mm AA guns
## Equipment
- INDRA low altitude 2D radar
- CETC YLC-18 3D Radar.
- JY-11 Radar low/medium altitude 3D surveillance radar
## Surviving SLAF aircraft {#surviving_slaf_aircraft}
Aircraft that have been preserved by the SLAF. A few of these fly but most are held by SLAF Museum
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# MR 31
The **MR 31** was a French nuclear warhead for the S2 medium-range ballistic missile.
The weapon had a yield of 120 ktTNT and weighed 700 kg. It was apparently a pure plutonium device and unboosted, and the largest pure plutonium weapon ever built.
Entering service in August 1970 it was withdrawn from service by June 1980
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# Elements trilogy
The ***Elements* trilogy** of films by Indo-Canadian filmmaker Deepa Mehta deals with controversial issues of social reform on the Indian subcontinent. *Fire*, the first release in 1996, dealt with issues of arranged marriage and homosexuality in the patriarchal culture of India. *Earth*, released in 1998, dealt with the religious strife associated with the partition of India and the formation of Pakistan in the mid-20th century. *Water*, released in 2005, was the most critically successful of the three, and dealt with suicide, misogyny, and the mistreatment of widows in rural India.
Some notable actors that have worked in Mehta\'s *Elements* trilogy include Aamir Khan, Seema Biswas, Shabana Azmi, John Abraham, Kulbhushan Kharbanda, Rahul Khanna, Lisa Ray, and Nandita Das. A. R. Rahman composed critically acclaimed soundtracks for all the three films. These films are also notable for Mehta\'s collaborative work with author Bapsi Sidhwa. Sidhwa\'s novel *Cracking India*, (1991, U.S.; 1992, India; originally published as *Ice Candy Man*, 1988, England), is the basis for Mehta\'s 1998 film, *Earth*. Mehta\'s film, *Water*, was later published by Sidhwa as the 2006 novel, *Water: A Novel*.
## *Fire* (1996) {#fire_1996}
The first film in the series, *Fire* (1996), is set in contemporary India. It was a highly controversial film among certain conservative quarters in India due to the portrayal of lesbian characters.
## *Earth* (1998) {#earth_1998}
*Earth* (1998) (released in India as *1947: Earth*) tells the story of the partition of India in 1947 from the vantage point of a young Parsi girl. *Earth* was the Indian nominee for the 2000 72nd Academy Award for Best Foreign Film, but was not included among the final five nominees selected by the AMPAS.
## *Water* (2005) {#water_2005}
The final film in the trilogy, *Water* (2005), is set in the 1930s and focuses on the difficult lives of an impoverished group of widows living in an ashram. *Water* was nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, making it Canada\'s first non-French-language film to receive a nomination in that category. The song *Aayo Re Sakhi* was included in the final list for Oscar nomination.
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# Elements trilogy
## Controversy
Mehta had originally intended to direct *Water* in February 2000, with the actors Shabana Azmi, Nandita Das and Akshay Kumar. Her earlier film, *Fire*, however, had previously attracted hostility from some people in the Hindu community, who objected to her depiction of Hindu culture and had organized attacks on cinemas that screened that film. Thus, the day before filming of *Water* was due to begin, the crew was informed that there were complications with gaining location permits. The following day, they learned that 2,000 protesters had stormed the ghats, destroying the main film set, burning and throwing it into the Ganges in protest of the film\'s subject matter.
The resulting tensions meant that Mehta struggled for many years to make *Water* and was eventually forced to make it in Sri Lanka rather than India. She eventually made the film, with a new cast, and a fake title used during filming (*River Moon*) in 2003. The struggle to make the film was detailed in a non-fiction book, *Shooting Water: A Mother-Daughter Journey and the Making of the Film*, written by Mehta\'s daughter, author Devyani Saltzman (whose father is Canadian producer and director Paul Saltzman, son of pioneering Canadian weather forecaster Percy Saltzman).
Critical responses to Mehta\'s work surfaced also during the release of *Fire* in 1998 because members of the Hindu Shiv Sena party felt it was an attack on Hindu tradition and the institution of marriage. Members of the party engaged in mass protests against the film at cinemas in Mumbai and Delhi. Following the film\'s premiere, Mehta travelled across Europe and North America for almost a year while being constantly guarded by police. Mehta and others staged counterdemonstrations to stop the film from being censored, including feminists who disagreed with the movie for different reasons (see \"Criticism\").
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# Elements trilogy
## Criticism
Indian feminist authors Mary E. John and Tejaswini Niranjana argued in 1999 that *Fire* reduces patriarchy to the denial and control of female sexuality:
> Control of female sexuality is surely one of the *ideological* planks on which patriarchy rests. But by taking this idea literally, the film imprisons itself in the very ideology it seeks to fight, its own version of authentic reality being nothing but a mirror image of patriarchal discourse. *Fire* ends up arguing that the successful assertion of sexual choice is not only a necessary but also a sufficient condition---indeed, the sole criterion---for the emancipation of women. Thus the patriarchal ideology of \'control\' is first reduced to pure denial---as though such control did not also involve the production and amplification of sexuality---and is later simply inverted to produce the film\'s own vision of women\'s liberation as free sexual \'choice\'. (Economic and Political Weekly, March 6--13, 1999)
Other critics have argued that Mehta overlooks the complex politics of post-colonial India in her films, particularly when she portrays supposedly oppressed women and confirms Orientalist stereotypes about the exotic and \"strange\" nature of Indian culture, as in her film *Water*. Some critics have suggested that in the current geo-political context of imperialism which often relies on narratives of \"saving women\" (e.g. the U.S. War on Terror utilizing the supposedly oppressed Muslim woman narrative to morally justify war), Mehta\'s characters are too easily read by the audience as passive victims who need to be saved rather than agents in their own history.
Madhu Kishwar, then-editor of *Manushi*, wrote a highly critical review of *Fire*, finding fault with the depiction of the characters in the film as a \"mean-spirited caricature of middle class family life among urban Hindus\". She claimed that homosexuality was socially accepted in India as long as it remained a private affair, adding that Mehta \"did a disservice to the cause of women \[...\] by crudely pushing the Radha-Sita relationship into the lesbian mould\", as women would now be unable to form intimate relationships with other women without being branded as lesbians
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# Mieczysław Nowicki
**Mieczysław Paweł Nowicki** (born 26 January 1951, in Piątek) is a retired road bicycle racer from Poland, who represented his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There he won the bronze medal in the men\'s individual road race behind Sweden\'s Bernt Johansson and Italy\'s Giuseppe Martinelli. In the men\'s road team trial he won the silver medal with the Polish team. He also competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics. In 1973 he set a Polish national hour record of 42.231 km, a record that stood for over 40 years until it was broken by Andrzej Bartkiewicz in 2014
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# Gosick
is a Japanese light novel series written by Kazuki Sakuraba, with illustrations by Hinata Takeda. The series includes 13 novels published by Fujimi Shobo between December 2003 and July 2011. Set in a fictional European country in 1924, a Japanese exchange student meets a mysterious, brilliant girl who only leaves the library to sleep. Her brother, a detective, relies on her exceptional mind to solve difficult mysteries. Tokyopop released the first two novels in English in North America. A manga adaptation drawn by Sakuya Amano was serialized in Fujimi Shobo\'s *Monthly Dragon Age* magazine. A 24-episode anime adaptation by Bones aired between January and July 2011. A collection of side stories titled *GosickS* was published between 2005 and 2011, while a sequel novel series named *Gosick New Continent* was released in between 2013 and 2016.
## Plot and settings {#plot_and_settings}
*Gosick* takes place in 1924 in a small, French-speaking fictional European country; which stretches from Switzerland, through the Alps between France and Italy, to the Mediterranean Sea. The country is called `{{nihongo|"Sauville"|ソヴュール王国|sovyūru ōkoku}}`{=mediawiki} in the light novels and `{{nihongo|"Saubureme"|ソヴレム|sovureme}}`{=mediawiki} is Sauville\'s capital in the anime adaptation. The story centers on Kazuya Kujo, the third son of a high-ranking officer of the Imperial Japanese Army, who is a transfer student to St. Marguerite Academy, where urban legends and horror stories are popular. There he meets Victorique de Blois, a mysterious yet beautiful and brilliant girl who never comes to class and spends her days reading the entire contents of the library or solving mysteries that even detectives can not solve. The early episodes mostly focus on Kazuya and Victorique getting involved in different criminal cases and their struggle to solve them, at the same time forming important bonds with different people and each other. However, as the series advances, the tenebrous background of Victorique and her family comes back to haunt her.
Its sequel series, *Gosick New Continent*, takes place in 1931 in New York City, where Victorique and Kazuya are a couple and own a small detective agency. It\'s revealed that Kazuya\'s father did not accept his bond with Victorique, so they fled to the United States to be together with the help of his sister Ruri. The World Wars belong to the past now, but the pair\'s peace is shattered by a new party that seeks to get their hands on Victorique.
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# Gosick
## Characters
### Main characters {#main_characters}
`{{nihongo|Victorique de Blois|ヴィクトリカ・ド・ブロワ|''Vikutorika do Burowa''|{{IPA|fr|viktɔʁik də blwa}}}}`{=mediawiki}
:
: Victorique has the appearance of a small (in the novel 140 cm, 4\'7\"), almost doll-like, girl with very long blonde hair and emerald eyes and a voice that sounds beyond her age. She is portrayed as a typical tsundere. Another important part of Victorique\'s appearance is a ceramic smoking pipe that she uses for dramatic effect when thinking. She spends her days in the conservatory at the top of the library, reading several difficult books, often in different languages, simultaneously. She points at one entire wall of the library and told Kazuya that she has read almost all the books over there. Along with her sharp tongue, abusive bluntness and eccentric attitude, she possesses a genius level intellect which she applies to observing facts and \"reconstructing chaos\". The examples shown in the novels and anime are solving inexplicable crimes and false accusations. The credit for solving such crimes is often given to her half brother, Det. Grevil de Blois, to hide Victorique\'s involvement.
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: After Victorique saves him from an arrest, Kazuya finds himself entangled in every new mystery that occurs. Because her mother, Cordelia Gallo, was a mistress, and according to Victorique \"a dangerous person\", she was imprisoned in the depths of the de Blois mansion where she developed mannerisms that are anything but childlike. She was allowed to attend school under strict orders from her father to never leave the campus. Only in exceptional circumstances does she obtain permission to leave, usually with Grevil having obtained it for her from their family. When she first met Kazuya she did not like him and thought that he was annoying and stupid for climbing up all the stairs in the library. She even ignored him and made fun of him, but gradually warmed up to him and began to trust and cherish him. Despite acting harshly towards Kazuya almost all the time, it\'s clear that she cares deeply for him, as seen many times when he is in danger. In novel volume 1 chapter 1 she tells Kazuya \"My five senses are on high alert, gathering fragments of chaos from the world around me. The fountain of knowledge inside me toys with them out of sheer boredom, reconstructing them. I may verbalize this; often times I can\'t be bothered and remain silent.\" She often complains about boredom being the root of her headaches. Throughout the anime, Victorique was also called by others as the \"Golden Fairy in the High Tower\", \"Gray Wolf\" and at the end of the series \"Charming Monster\" or \"Monster Charmante\" from the French translation; all of them creatures of folktales.
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: After the events in Sauville during the war, Victorique\'s golden hair turns silver and reunites with Kazuya in 1929 when he returns to Japan from fighting in the war. In novel continuity, they then move to United States and open the Grey Wolf Detective Agency, getting married in 1934 after the events of *Gosick New Continent*. In the anime, their future marriage is only implied through a vision of her wearing wedding dress during the epilogue.
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: Victorique\'s name is spelled \"Victorica\" on the official Gosick website, likely as a phonetic spelling. Her name is spelled \"Victorique\" in the first two novels (English translation) and in episode 9 of the anime. All evidences in novel and anime indicates that the nation of Sauville, the academy and the de Blois all speak French as their official language. In the novels, it is noted that her name is apparently usually a man\'s, as Avril initially does not believe Victorique is a female student when she is being discussed.
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`{{nihongo|Kazuya Kujo|久城 一弥|''Kujō Kazuya''|}}`{=mediawiki}
:
: As the youngest son of a soldier, Kazuya has spent most of his life struggling with living in his highly successful siblings\' shadows. Jealous of all the attention his brothers got, he worked hard to compete, but everything changed when he understood that adults, who think that the youngest child is always spoiled and useless, will never acknowledge his efforts. With a permanent scar in his heart he left the military academy in Japan and before anyone from his family could stop him, went to study abroad at St. Marguerite. Unfortunately, his black-hair and dark brown eyes, combined with the campus legend saying that \"the traveler who comes in the spring brings death with him\" has resulted in Kazuya being called the \"Black Reaper\" by the largely apprehensive and superstitious student body, resulting in him having no friends. By some twist of fate he becomes a messenger and companion to the most eccentric pupil in the school, Victorique. At first he didn\'t like Victorique because of her arrogant and sadistic attitude, but after spending time with her, he started to truly care for her and be protective of her. It is shown that he is willing to risk his life to protect her on more than one occasion. He is described, by Victorique, as a good and sincere person whose soul is pure and beautiful enough to admit pride. Although he claims to have excellent academic achievements that rival that of his older brothers, he can be very dense and slow, though he has a keen memory for details when applying it to a crime. Despite everything that happened in Japan he is proud to be a soldier\'s son.
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: After the beginning of the World War II, Kazuya becomes an interpreter for the Japanese army thanks to his knowledge of languages. He spends time as a prisoner of war and receives permanent damage on his leg (in the anime, he becomes a soldier instead and is apparently not wounded), but he returns to reunite with Victorique in 1929. In *Gosick New Continent*, Victorique and Kazuya move to New York and open the Grey Wolf Detective Agency, although Kazuya also finds a second job as an apprentice reporter for the tabloid newspaper Daily Road. They get married in 1934.
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# Gosick
## Characters
### Other characters {#other_characters}
`{{nihongo|Grevil de Blois|グレヴィール・ド・ブロワ|''Gurevīru do Burowa''|}}`{=mediawiki}
:
: Grevil is an aristocrat who had forced the local police to make him a detective purely because he had an interest in crime. The most noticeable aspect of his appearance is his drill-like hairstyle that Kazuya is convinced could be used as a deadly weapon. In the light novels he smokes a pipe identical to Victorique\'s. This isn\'t shown in the anime. Being a terrible detective, he relies on Victorique to solve his cases. All the same, he has some talent, at least as an actor, as shown when making an arrest in novel volume 1 chapter 5 part 1. Despite that, Victorique is never acknowledged for her efforts because she must not be made known to the public.
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: Grevil is the half-brother of Victorique sharing the same father; Marquis Albert du Blois. Grevil\'s mother was Albert\'s wife while Victorique\'s mother was a mistress. It is revealed that he was in love with his childhood friend Jacqueline. Unfortunately, at that time she was already married. Grevil, with assistance from Victorique, solved a case and acquitted Jacqueline of an accusation (framed) of murder. While he is described by Victorique as a heel and a playboy, it is implied that his current happy self is nothing but a shell to bury his sad past, including losing Jacqueline to someone else and not being able to show his concern for his sister openly.
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```
: It is mentioned in episode 10 that his shocking drill-like hairstyle is actually the price he pays for asking Victorique to solve Jacqueline\'s case, while citing that if Victorique wanted to make his life truly miserable, she should have asked him to stop loving Jacqueline instead of merely asking him to don such a ridiculous hairstyle. He originally had a charming long hairstyle, and at the end of the series he restores this old hairstyle.
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: *Gosick New Continent* reveals that, after World War II, Grevil left his job in the police and became an actor.
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`{{nihongo|Avril Bradley|アブリル・ブラッドリー|''Aburiru Buraddorī''|}}`{=mediawiki}
:
: An international student from Great Britain. Because she and Kazuya are both foreign students, they quickly found common ground and were able to talk freely, instead of treating Kazuya like a monster, which is what most of the rest of the students are doing. She is a beautiful girl with short blond hair and blue eyes. It is hinted that she has feelings for Kazuya. She represents Kazuya\'s ordinary ties to the school, apart from his adventures with Victorique. She also enjoys eating and is fond of ghost stories. Through the first novel she has not met Victorique.
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```
: In the light novel and anime, the real Avril Bradley was kidnapped on the way to the academy and replaced by Keiran II, the successor of the famous thief Keiran who mysteriously disappeared eight years prior. This thief wishes to continue his legacy by stealing the priceless works of famous artists and writers, etc., and was after a rare stamp that Avril\'s grandfather, a famed adventurer, had intended to give to her. She was rescued by Kujo, and later in the nurse\'s office said she thought he was a \"black-haired prince\". Ironically, because the thief knew of the real Avril in detail and had been a very good imposter, it wasn\'t hard for Kazuya to reestablish a friendship with the real Avril, who even developed feelings for him, but has a hard time trying to get closer to him due to his dedication to Victorique. In episode 14, she confessed her love for Kujo to Victorique but Victorique left before she can hear Avril\'s confession.
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`{{nihongo|Cecile Lafitte|セシル・ラフィット|''Seshiru Rafitto''|}}`{=mediawiki}
:
: A teacher in St. Marguerite Academy. She teaches Kazuya\'s, Avril\'s (and Victorique\'s) class. A small woman with a baby face, fluffy brown hair and big round glasses. She tasks Kazuya with taking the class handouts to Victorique, and she was the one who first brought Kazuya and Victorique together. She also dislikes ghosts and is prone to fainting in certain supernatural situations.
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```
`{{nihongo|Brian Roscoe|ブライアン・ロスコー|''Buraian Rosukō''|}}`{=mediawiki}
:
: A famous magician whom Kujo regularly encounters. After Victorique proves Cordelia Gallo\'s innocence, he is seen beside Cordelia commenting that her \"sin\" has been burned together with the only bridge connecting the Grey Wolves\' village to the outside world. During the First World War, he used his capabilities as an illusionist, along with a magic lantern, to disrupt a German bombing run on the \"Beelzebub\'s Skull\" convent in Lithuania -- a huge projection of the Virgin Mary. He was the one who helped Cordelia escape from the sanitarium she was left in by Albert after Victorique\'s birth. Since then they have been working together to oppose the Marquis\' intentions.
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```
: Later is revealed that Brian is not a single individual, but a pair of identical twins who share the same appearance and name. Both care deeply for Cordelia, but one of the twins despises Victorique as her birth prevented Cordelia from returning those feelings.
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```
`{{nihongo|Cordelia Gallo|コルデリア・ギャロ|''Koruderia Gyaro''|}}`{=mediawiki}
:
: Victorique\'s mother, who hails from the legendary \"Village of the Gray Wolves\", a secluded castle town (later stated to actually be a small independent kingdom by the village elder.) inhabited by people who all possess the same physical and mental attributes -- short stature, pale skin, blond hair, green eyes, and extremely high intelligence. It is also shown that they develop precognitive abilities in old age. She was expelled from the town after being framed for the murder of the then-current elder, and her whereabouts were a mystery until Victorique manages to prove her innocence, when she is seen beside Brian Roscoe.
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```
: Cordelia\'s resemblance to her daughter is uncanny, and her short stature even as an adult leads even Kujo to mistake Cordelia for Victorique when he sees her. It is eventually revealed that Cordelia never had any kind of relationship with Victorique\'s father, the Marquis Albert de Blois; The Marquis in fact kidnapped, raped, and imprisoned her for the duration of the resulting pregnancy for the sole purpose of bearing Victorique -- a child with Gray Wolf intellect which he could use for his own ends. Immediately after she gave birth to Victorique, the Marquis placed Cordelia in a sanitarium where she remained until she was freed by Roscoe. Despite the circumstances of Victorique\'s birth, Cordelia loves her daughter deeply, and watches over her closely, even visiting her to deliver a pendant containing her picture despite the risk of being found by the Marquis.
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`{{nihongo|Marquis Albert de Blois|アルベール・ド・ブロワ侯爵|Arubēru do Burowa Kōshaku}}`{=mediawiki}
:
: Marquis Albert de Blois is Sauville\'s \"Minister of the Occult\", the main antagonist and Grevil\'s and Victorique\'s father. He is responsible for Victorique\'s secluded life and instructed Grevil to keep track of her movements. Impressed by Leviathan\'s tricks to impress the king and queen of Sauville, he offered him protection in exchange for creating a Homunculus army. In Leviathan\'s last moments, he suggested that Albert mate with a woman with extraordinary powers to produce a child capable of achieving his goals. As per this suggestion, Albert then proceeded to kidnap and rape Cordelia Gallo to produce Victorique. He cares little for Victorique as his daughter, seeing her as a mere tool. According to him, Victorique\'s conception and raising have been part of his plan to seize power in Sauville in spite of an upcoming storm that is set to engulf the entire world. It is implied that the event in question is the Second World War that began more than a decade before its real life counterpart.
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```
: Thanks to Victorique\'s efforts, Albert managed to obtain precious information to topple his main nemesis in the government, The Minister of Science, Jupiter Roget and blackmailed the King into making him the Prime Minister. He also managed to amass a legion of followers by making the people believe that his daughter is the legendary creature \"Monstre Charmant\". His plans are ruined when Cordelia managed to have Victorique escape with Brian Roscoe\'s help, exposing Albert\'s schemes. In the light novel, this gets him arrested and deprived from his project by the government, while in the anime, Cordelia ultimately kills him before being slain herself by one of his female bodyguards.
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# Gosick
## Media
### Light novels {#light_novels}
*Gosick* began as a light novel series written by Kazuki Sakuraba, with illustrations by Hinata Takeda. Fujimi Shobo and Kadokawa Shoten published 13 volumes between December 10, 2003 and July 23, 2011; nine comprise the main story, while the other four under the title *GosickS* are side story collections. The first *GosickS* volume takes place before the first volume of *Gosick*, *GosickS II* is between *Gosick IV* and *Gosick V*, and *GosickS III* takes place after *Gosick VI*. A new series titled *Gosick New Continent* started on December 25, 2013, following Kazuya and Victorique in 1931 after they moved to North America following the events of the main story.
Tokyopop released the first novel in English in April 2008 and the second in March 2010. It is also published Germany by Tokyopop.
#### Gosick
#### GosickS
- `{{ISBN|4-8291-6310-0}}`{=mediawiki}
- `{{ISBN|4-8291-6352-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- `{{ISBN|978-4-8291-6387-0}}`{=mediawiki}
- `{{ISBN|978-4-04-428119-9}}`{=mediawiki}
#### Gosick New Continent {#gosick_new_continent}
- *Gosick RED* `{{ISBN|978-4-04-110640-2}}`{=mediawiki} December 25, 2013
- *Gosick BLUE* `{{ISBN|978-4-04-102354-9}}`{=mediawiki} November 29, 2014
- *Gosick PINK* `{{ISBN|978-4-04-103646-4}}`{=mediawiki} November 30, 2015
- *Gosick GREEN* `{{ISBN|978-4-04-104596-1}}`{=mediawiki} December 2, 2016
### Manga
A manga adaptation, illustrated by Amano Sakuya, was serialized in Fujimi Shobo\'s *Monthly Dragon Age* magazine between the January 2008 and May 2012 issues. Fujimi Shobo published eight *tankōbon* volumes between July 9, 2008 and June 9, 2012.
#### Volume listing {#volume_listing}
\|}
### Drama CD {#drama_cd}
A drama CD based on the first volume of *GosickS*, was released on April 21, 2006.
### Anime
*Gosick* was adapted into a 24-episode anime television series by Bones under the direction of Hitoshi Nanba and script supervision by Mari Okada. The series aired on TV Tokyo between January 8 and July 2, 2011. However, the broadcast of episode 11 and afterward was affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The series was simulcast by Crunchyroll with English subtitles. The opening theme is \"Destin Histoire\" by Risa Yoshiki and was released on March 2, 2011. For the first 12 episodes, the ending theme is \"Resuscitated Hope\" by Lisa Komine and was released on April 27, 2011. From episodes 13-24, the ending theme is \"Unity\", also by Lisa Komine. Bandai Entertainment had licensed the anime, but later cancelled the release of *Gosick*. Madman Entertainment have licensed the series in Australia and New Zealand and are releasing subtitled-only DVDs until a dubbed version becomes available. Funimation has licensed the series in North America and released the first half of the series on a Blu-ray and DVD combo pack on May 30, 2017 with an English dub. Following Sony\'s acquisition of Crunchyroll, the series was moved to Crunchyroll.
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# Gosick
## Reception
Anime News Network\'s Carlo Santos commends the first volume of light novels for \"a mysterious, elegant atmosphere and an intricate plotline \[making\] this a thrilling read from start to finish\". However, he criticises the light novels for \"flashback scenes \[that\] never really fit in\". He also mentions that \"the final conclusion is rather far-fetched
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# Changing Hearts
***Changing Hearts*** is the second studio album by the American band Polyrock, released in 1981. It was produced by Philip Glass, who was attracted to the band\'s use of musical repetition.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
*Trouser Press* wrote that \"Billy and Tommy Robertson write some of the most vulnerable songs this side of David Byrne, with solid (if lean) performances and production.\"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All songs written by Bill and Tom Robertson, unless noted.
1. \"Changing Hearts\" - 2:55
2. \"Love Song\" - 4:46
3. \"Quiet Spot\" - 1:26
4. \"Cries and Whispers - 3:31
5. \"Mean Cow\" - 2:29
6. \"In Full Circle\" - 3:43
7. \"Like Papers on a Rack\" - 3:29
8. \"The New U.S.\" - 3:54
9. \"Slow Dogs\" - 3:46
10. \"Hallways\" - 2:24
11. \"Rain\" - 4:00 (John Lennon, Paul McCartney)
## Credits
Produced by Philip Glass & Kurt Munkacsi
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# Buddhism in Nicaragua
**Buddhism in Nicaragua** has existed since the late 19th century, after immigration from countries with Buddhist populations, mainly China. Although sources are not readily available, Buddhists are believed to constitute 0.1% of the total population in Nicaragua.
## History
Buddhism was brought to Nicaragua in the late 19th century when the Chinese started arriving, many of which came from Guǎngdōng (广东) province
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# International House, University of Queensland
**International House** (commonly abbreviated as **IH**) is a residential college situated on the St Lucia campus of the University of Queensland. IH provides fully catered accommodation for 200 undergraduate students, and self-catered accommodation for 38 postgraduate and mature-aged undergraduate students. Residents who live at IH are affectionately known around campus as \'Housies\'.
International House\'s residents are 25% Australian and 75% international students from approximately 35 countries.
The current CEO is Helen Jamieson., and the current IH student club president is Aarshia Ajoy (2024).
## History
The vision of an International House was inspired by an address made in October 1954, by Frank TM White, foundation Professor of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, and also appointed Warden for Overseas Students. The following extract from Professor White\'s address, delivered in the socio-political context of Queensland in the mid-1950s, reveals the philosophy behind the vision that led to International House, a vision that remains relevant to the present.
> \"\...students from (other) countries\... have brought with them their cultures, their philosophies, their national customs. These young men and women\... can become ambassadors for Australia upon their return home. Their presence among us affords a unique opportunity for the promotion of international understanding: this is\... a University and community responsibility. \... there are three understandings which we as a community can promote: \... the values and cultures of other peoples;\... the facts of world inter-dependence; (and) \... the means by which the people of one country can live at peace with those of other countries. These all involve an understanding of the roots of human behaviour, and of the needs to explore ways of reconciling values which appear to conflict, and to devise means for training leaders\...\"
Planning commenced in 1955 through the Rotary Club of Brisbane, as part of the celebrations to mark the 50th anniversary of Rotary International. Professor White stepped down as Warden in December 1960 (he later took up a post at Canada\'s McGill University Faculty of Engineering), while planning continued under the auspices of a committee led by Bert Martin, businessman and district governor of Rotary International. On 15 June 1963, the Administrator of Queensland, Sir Alan Mansfield, unveiled the foundation stone for the residential college. According to institutional biographer Basil Shaw\'s authoritative account, \"Eight years of erratic progress were over. They were years marked by expressions of racism and opposition in some quarters at the university; by bureaucratic red tape; by poor public recognition; and, despite the dedication of the fundraisers, by desultory financial responses and poor returns. (Yet it was)\... determined that International House would open by March 1965. A lot had to be achieved in a short time.\"
Bert Martin saw the project thorough to completion. As district governor of Rotary International District 35, he was president of the Council of International House for the period 1955 to 1962, and retained that position until the committee was replaced by the board of governors as the executive body of council in June 1962 following revision of the constitution. He became president of the board of governors in 1963, holding this office until 1986, thus completing thirty years of service to International House.
When International House opened in 1965, Dr Ivor Cribb was appointed its first warden.
## Architecture
The physical design of International House was led by eminent Queensland architect Stephen Trotter. In 1962, Trotter was awarded a travelling scholarship which he used to spend three months in subtropical regions of the world to develop ideas applicable to Brisbane. His study tour culminated in *Cities in the Sun* (published 1963), which detailed energy efficient and environmentally friendly design methods better suited to Queensland\'s climate than the prevailing European styles emerging in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. His iconic design for IH was influenced by this then-novel train of thought and described as having both a distinctively \'part Oriental, part early Queensland\' appearance. The Courier-Mail, 19 December 1962, featured a photograph of the scale model of International House, and Trotter reported as saying that he thought \"*Queensland architecture would develop a more Asiatic character because of the similarity of the Asian and Queensland climates. Buildings in South-East Asia and India used large overhangs which incorporated verandahs and balconies, thus making optimum use of shade. Flow-through ventilation was achieved by the use of louvres.*\" In 2011, IH recognized Trotter\'s contribution by investing him as a *Fellow of International House*.
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# International House, University of Queensland
## Academic life {#academic_life}
International House has comprehensive learning resources for its students, including study rooms and tutoring services.
## Sporting life {#sporting_life}
IH offers residents the opportunity to play sports, and claims a great team spirit and a high participation level on the field. For those off field, supporters don black and gold (IH college colours) to support their fellow \"Housies\", and vocalise their support with chants to show college spirit. IH has excelled in Volleyball, Soccer & Table Tennis in recent years. Residents also have free access to the University of Queensland Gym & Aquatics Facilities.
## Rooms
International House comprises 11 buildings or \'towers\', which offer the largest student accommodation in room size on Campus. Towers A to I are for undergraduate students and Towers J and K are for postgraduate and mature aged undergraduate students (25 years and over). Each Tower consists of 5 to 6 levels. Each floor of each tower (for undergraduate students) houses 4 to 5 residents with a shared bathroom (and washing bases and toilet) as well as common room with the exception of G tower where it houses 12 residents per floor.
## Location
International House is situated in close proximity to both Cromwell College and Grace College; the three colleges are collectively known as the \'Hill Colleges\' or the \'Hood Street Trio\'
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# Music publisher
A **music publisher** is a type of publisher that specializes in distributing music. Music publishers originally published sheet music. When copyright became legally protected, music publishers began to play a role in the management of the intellectual property of composers. Today, music publishers license compositions, collect royalties, and make sure songwriters and composers are paid when their work is used.
## Music print publishing {#music_print_publishing}
The term \"music publisher\" originally referred to publishers who issued hand-copied or printed sheet music.
Examples of music publishers actively in business `{{as of|June 2019|lc=yes}}`{=mediawiki} include:
- Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig, Germany, founded 1719
- , Mainz, Germany, 1770
- Oxford University Press, University of Oxford, England, founded in the 18th century
- Edition Peters, Leipzig, 1800
- Casa Ricordi, Milan, Italy, founded 1808 (now owned by Universal Music Publishing Group)
- G. Schirmer, Inc., New York, United States, founded 1861 (now owned by Wise Music Group)
- Universal Edition, Vienna, Austria, 1901
- Bärenreiter, Germany, founded 1923
- Meisel Music, Germany, founded 1926
- Boosey & Hawkes, London, England, founded 1930 (now owned by Concord)
- Hans Sikorski, Hamburg, Germany, 1935 (now owned by Concord)
- PWM, Kraków, Poland, founded 1945
- G. Henle Verlag, Munich, Germany, founded 1948
### Other media {#other_media}
## Intellectual property management {#intellectual_property_management}
In the music industry, a music publisher or publishing company is responsible for ensuring that songwriters and composers receive payment when their compositions are used commercially. Through an agreement called a publishing contract, a songwriter or composer assigns the copyright of their composition to a publishing company. In return, the company licenses compositions, helps monitor where compositions are used, collects royalties, and distributes them to the composers. They also secure commissions for music and promote existing compositions to recording artists, film, and television.
The copyrights owned and administered by publishing companies are one of the most important forms of intellectual property in the music industry. The other is the copyright on a master recording, which is typically owned by a record company. Publishing companies play a central role in managing this vital asset.
### The music publisher\'s role {#the_music_publishers_role}
Successful songwriters and composers maintain a relationship with a publishing company defined by a publishing contract. Publishers also sometimes provide substantial advances against future income. In return, the publishing company receives a percentage, which can be as high as 50% and varies for different kinds of royalty.
There are several types of royalty:
- Mechanical royalties derive from the sale of recorded music, such as CDs or digital downloads. These royalties are paid to publishers by record companies (through the Harry Fox Agency as well as through American Mechanical Rights Agency in the U.S.).
- Performance royalties are collected by performance rights organizations such as SESAC, Broadcast Music, Inc., American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers or PRS. They are paid by radio stations and others who broadcast recorded music, and are paid by venues and event organizers for live performances of the compositions.
- Synchronization royalties royalties are required when a composition is used in a film or television soundtrack. These royalties typically pass through the hands of a music publisher before they reach the composer.
Publishers also work to link new songs by songwriters with suitable recording artists to record them and to place writers\' songs in other media such as movie soundtracks and commercials. They will typically also handle copyright registration and \"ownership\" matters for the composer. Music print publishers also supervise the issue of songbooks and sheet music by their artists.
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# Music publisher
## Intellectual property management {#intellectual_property_management}
### Publishing disputes {#publishing_disputes}
Traditionally, music publishing royalties are split seventy/thirty, with thirty percent going to the publisher (as payment for their services) and the rest going to the songwriter or songwriters. Other arrangements have been made in the past, and continue to be; some better for the writers, some better for the publishers. Occasionally a recording artist will ask for a co-writer\'s credit on a song (thus sharing in both the artist and publishing royalties) in exchange for selecting it to perform, particularly if the writer is not well known. Sometimes an artist\'s manager or producer will expect a co-credit or share of the publishing (as with Norman Petty and Phil Spector), and occasionally a publisher will insist on writer\'s credit (as Morris Levy did with several of his acts); these practices are listed in ascending order of scrupulousness, as regarded by the music industry.
The most unscrupulous type of music publisher is the song shark, who does little if any real \"legwork\" or promotion on behalf of songwriters. Song sharks make their profit not on royalties from sales, but by charging inexperienced writers for \"services\" (some real, such as demo recording or musical arranging, some fictional, such as \"audition\" or \"review\" fees) a legitimate publisher would provide without cost to the writer, as part of their job. By comparison, a bona fide publisher who charges admission to a workshop for writers, where songs may be auditioned or reviewed, is not wrong to do so.
Rock-n-roll pioneer Buddy Holly split with longtime manager Petty over publishing matters in late 1958, as did the Buckinghams with producer James William Guercio almost a decade later. John Fogerty of Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR) was sued by his former publisher Saul Zaentz (who had also served as his manager) over a later Fogerty song that sounded slightly like a CCR song Zaentz published. Fogerty won in court.
Several bands and artists own (or later purchase) their own publishing, and start their own companies, with or without help from an outside agent. The sale or loss of publishing ownership can be devastating to a given artist or writer, financially and emotionally. R&B legend Little Richard was largely cheated out of his music publishing and copyrights, as were many performers. Brian Wilson and Mike Love of The Beach Boys were crushed to learn that Murry Wilson (father to three of the Beach Boys, Love\'s uncle, and the band\'s music publisher) had sold their company Sea of Tunes to A&M Records during 1969 for a fraction of what it was worth -- or earned in the following years.
A large factor in the Beatles\' breakup was when their publisher Dick James sold his share of Northern Songs, the company they\'d formed with him in 1963 (then taken public in 1967, with shares trading on the London Stock Exchange), to Britain\'s Associated TeleVision (ATV) in 1969. Neither the Beatles nor managers Lee Eastman and Allen Klein were able to prevent ATV from becoming majority stockholders in Northern Songs, whose assets included virtually all the group\'s song copyrights. Losing control of the company, John Lennon and Paul McCartney elected to sell their share of Northern Songs (and thus their own copyrights), while retaining their writer\'s royalties. (George Harrison and Ringo Starr retained minority holdings in the company
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# NWA Southeastern United States Junior Heavyweight Championship
The **NWA Southeastern Junior Heavyweight Championship** was a secondary title for wrestlers considered \"Junior Heavyweights\", that is weighing under 230 lbs. It was promoted in the Alabama, Florida, Tennessee and Mississippi region from 1975 until 1989, first by *Southeastern Championship Wrestling* from 1975 to 1985 then by its successor *Continental Championship Wrestling* from 1985 to 1988 and finally by the *Continental Wrestling Federation* between 1988 and 1989
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# Scholastic (Notre Dame publication)
***Scholastic*** `{{IPAc-en|s|k|ɒ|ˈ|l|æ|s|t|ɪ|k}}`{=mediawiki} is the official student publication of the University of Notre Dame. Founded in 1867, it is the United States\' oldest continuous college publication. *Scholastic* has been both Notre Dame\'s weekly student newspaper and now a monthly news magazine. Originally, its motto was *Disce Quasi Semper Victurus, Vive Quasi Cras Moriturus* (\"Learn As if You Were Going to Live Forever; Live As if You Were Going to Die Tomorrow\").
The transition from newspaper to magazine occurred after the inception of *The Observer*, an independent daily newspaper published by Notre Dame and Saint Mary\'s students. *Scholastic* is best known for its collector\'s edition annual Football Review, printed every February. This issue recaps the Notre Dame Football season with game summaries and in-depth commentary.
*Scholastic* was named \"News Magazine of the Year\" in Indiana for 2007 by the Indiana Collegiate Press Association (ICPA), its fifth win in seven years. In 1996 and 1997, *Scholastic* was the recipient of the Associated Collegiate Press\' Pacemaker Award, given to the best college publication in the US.
Robert Franken, a 1969 graduate of Notre Dame, has been the staff advisor for *Scholastic* since 2000. He is also the advisor for Notre Dame\'s yearbook, the *Dome*, and Notre Dame\'s literary magazine, the *Juggler*
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# Eucalyptus orbifolia
***Eucalyptus orbifolia***, commonly known as **round-leaved mallee**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to inland Australia. It is a tree or mallee with rough bark, oval leaves, yellow flowers and conical fruit.
## Description
*Eucalyptus orbifolia* is a mallee or tree that typically grows to a height of 2.5 to. The tree produces showy cream-yellow flowers predominantly between mid-winter and late spring from July to November. It has rough minni ritchi bark on the trunk. Like most mallees it has multiple stems. The bark is reddish brown in colour and which peels and curls outwards, exposing paler white-grey bark below. The grey-green, oval-shaped adult leaves are 25 to in length and 15 to wide. Each inflorescence is 20 to in diameter.
## Taxonomy
*Eucalyptus orbifolia* was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller in *Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae* from specimens collected by Charles Harper.
The name is sometimes misapplied to *Eucalyptus websteriana* described by Joseph Maiden in 1916 in the *Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales*.
The specific epithet (*orbifolia*) is from Latin meaning \"round\" and \"-leaved\".
## Distribution
It is found amongst granite outcrops and on slopes and ridges in the Mid West, Wheatbelt and Goldfields regions of Western Australia between Mount Magnet, Mukinbudin and Kalgoorlie where it grows in shallow gravelly red sandy or sandy-clay soils. The range extends into central Australia west of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory and northern South Australia.
## Use in horticulture {#use_in_horticulture}
The mallee is sold as seed or as seedlings. It will grow well in a full sun position and is drought and frost tolerant when established. Suitable as an ornamental or as a light screen, it also attracts native birds. The seeds propagate easily and it can be grown in a large container
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# Big Fish (band)
**Big Fish** is a Swedish experimental rock music group with influences from industrial music, punk, jazz, blues, metal and folk music, adding up to a unique sound
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# Oklahoma State Highway 115
**State Highway 115** (abbreviated **SH-115** or **OK-115**) is a 57.2 mile (92 km) long state highway in western Oklahoma, passing through Comanche, Kiowa, and Washita Counties as well as the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. The highway has no lettered spur routes.
Most of the highway was established in 1957 as a gravel roadway. Between then and 1967, it was gradually paved. A portion of the highway through the Wichita Mountains was removed from the route in the mid-1960s, but was re-added in 1984.
## Route description {#route_description}
State Highway 115 begins at an interchange with U.S. Highway 62 (a freeway at this point) near Cache. It goes due north from here, passing through a remote part of Fort Sill before reaching the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. After entering the refuge, SH-115 is unsigned, appearing only as a nameless road. The road intersects State Highway 49 at the Cache Wye. Northbound motorists that continue straight at the intersection will be put on westbound SH-49; a right turn must be made to continue on northbound SH-115. SH-49 also turns at the Cache Wye, forming an effective concurrency with SH-49 (though neither highway has any signage). The two highways turn northeast, then curve back around to the east. SH-115 then splits off to the north, while SH-49 continues a general eastbound heading. SH-115 passes just east of Mt. Roosevelt and Mt. Sheridan before exiting the refuge, whereupon it regains its usual state highway signage.
After leaving the refuge, SH-115 passes through the town of Meers. For the remainder of its time in Comanche County, the highway follows an irregular northwest heading as it passes through the Wichita Mountains. Through the mountains, its winding route keeps the speed limit at 55 mph. Just before crossing into Kiowa County, it runs alongside Saddle Mountain. It then crosses the county line and passes through the town of Saddle Mountain. Approximately 2 mi north of the town, it overlaps SH-19 for 1 mi. 3 mi north of the split, SH-115 turns due west for 1 mi, crossing over Saddle Mountain Creek. The highway then turns back to the north; around 9.5 mi north of this curve, it intersects SH-9. SH-115 turns west along SH-9 for 1 mi into Mountain View. After splitting away from SH-9 and leaving Mountain View, the highway crosses the Washita River into Washita County.
Approximately 3 mi north of Mountain View, SH-115 turns east for 1 mi before resuming a due north course. The highway bridges Spring Creek, a tributary of the Washita River, then curves to the northeast. After turning back to the north, the road passes through Cowden, where it crosses Gyp Creek. 3 mi north of Cowden, it ends at SH-152 at a location called Cowden Junction.
## History
The first portion of what would become SH-115 was added to the state highway system in 1939 as part of SH-49. At this time, SH-49 began at US-62 in Cache proper (US-62 had not yet been shifted to the freeway north of town), entered the Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge, then emerged near Medicine Park and followed the remainder of SH-49\'s present day routing.
The majority of SH-115, the entire extent from the SH-49 junction in the National Wildlife Refuge to Cowden Junction, was commissioned in 1957. As originally added to the system, only the portion of highway between the northern SH-19 junction and the Washita River bridge was paved. The remainder of the route, comprising the entirety of its route within Comanche and Washita Counties, was gravel. The section of SH-49 connecting to Cache to the refuge was renumbered to be part of SH-115 in 1962, giving the highway the same basic routing that it has today. The remaining gravel portions of highway were paved between 1965 and 1967.
In 1964, the portion of gravel roadway through the Wichita Mountains between Meers and the Comanche--Kiowa County line was removed from SH-115. The SH-115 designation would not be restored to this section of highway until 1984, by which time it had been paved
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# Michel Vaarten
**Michel Vaarten** (born 17 January 1957) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer from Belgium. He represented Belgium at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where he won silver medal in the 1.000m time trial behind East Germany\'s Klaus-Jürgen Grünke. Vaarten was a professional from 1979 to 1992. He won 12 national titles, one European title and one world title, mainly in track cycling. Vaarten is currently piloting a Derny bike in many Six Day Cycling events around Europe.
After his competitive career, he served as a pacemaker
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# Swapan Chaudhuri
**Pandit Swapan Chaudhuri** (born 30 March 1945), is an Indian tabla player. He has accompanied several musicians of Indian classical music, including, Pandit Ravi Shankar, Ustad Ali Akbar Khan, Ustad Vilayat Khan, Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, Pandit Jasraj, Ustad Amjad Ali Khan, Ken Zuckerman and many more. He also taught his sons tabla. Chaudhuri is a disciple of Santosh Biswas in the Lucknow gharana.
## Awards
He received American Academy of Artists Award and was nominee to Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame. In 1996, Swapan Chaudhuri received the Sangeet Natak Academy Award from the President of India, the highest awards for Classical Music in India. In 2019, he received the Padma Shri, one of India\'s highest honor from the Indian government
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# Washington State Department of Social and Health Services
The **Department of Social and Health Services** (**DSHS**) is Washington\'s social services department. The agency has its headquarters in Office Building Two (OB-2) in Olympia, the state capital. Annually, 2.2 million children, families, vulnerable adults and seniors come to the department for protection, comfort, food assistance, financial aid, medical and behavioral health care and other services.
## Mental Health {#mental_health}
- [Official WA State Mental Health Page](http://www.dshs.wa.gov/dbhr/mh_information.shtml)
- [MHD-PI WA State Mental Health Performance Indicators and Usage Reports](http://www.mhd-pi.com)
## Controversies
- Wenatchee child abuse prosecutions
- [\$2.5 million settlement to abuse survivors](https://www.vansiclen
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# Spitfire (Russian band)
**Spitfire** is a ska band formed in Saint Petersburg, Russia in 1993.
## Biography
Spitfire started in the beginning of 1993, then as a garage rockabilly trio, whose music also included some elements of noise. Their first live gig took place during the St. Petersburg Psycho Festival in February 1993. At the end of 1993, their music had turned into garage punk and finally into ska-core.
In the spring 1995 they released a song on the compilation called *United Colours of Ska*, Volume II, on German Pork Pie label. A year later they recorded an album at St.Petersburg \"Melodia\" studio, which was then mixed in Berlin at Pork Pie. This album, called *Night Hunting*, was released in the end of 1996.
In January 1999 Spitfire had made another recording session at Vielklang studio in Berlin, and the result came out in the spring with new album *The Coast Is Clear*.
In the spring 2001 a keyboard player joined the band making its sound even more powerful. At the same time Spitfire started a spinoff project St. Petersburg Ska-Jazz Review in collaboration with the members of St.Petersburg-based afro-caribbean-oriented band Markscheider Kunst. The initial idea was to make a single-show program comprising mostly jazz standards such as \"Sidewinder\", \"Corcovado\", \"Four\" and original ska tunes (\"St. Thomas\", \"Man in the street\") to perform at Sergey Kuryokhin International Festival (SKIF) in April 2001.
In November 2001 Spitfire musicians were invited to participate in the recording session of the band Leningrad. This band was one of the top acts on Russian music scene. The style of Leningrad music is hard to describe, since the regular play-list of their live show includes numbers stylistically varying from ska and reggae to punk and funky hip-hop. The Leningrad album \"21st Century Pirates\" was released in February 2002 and the whole Spitfire line-up was invited to perform at Leningrad album release show at Yubileyny Sports Palace in St. Petersburg. From that show on Spitfire musicians work together with Leningrad on albums - *For millions* (2003), *Second Magadan* (2003), *Babarobot* (2004), *Huinya* (2005; together with cabaret Tiger Lillies), *Awrora* (2007) - and played many gigs in Russia and Europe. In the end of 2008 the singer Shnur decided to split *Leningrad* up.
In November-December 2002 Spitfire, St. Petersburg Ska-Jazz Review and Leningrad toured the United States. 15 gigs were performed all over the Atlantic coast from Boston to Miami. All events were of much interest for American audience. The second American tour of Leningrad and Spitfire happened in the summer 2003. The bands performed live in such venues as Irving Plaza and CBGB (New York City), Middle East (Boston), The Knitting Factory (Los Angeles).
In January 2004 the third Spitfire album *Thrills And Kills* came out both in Europe on German Vielklang label and in Russia on recently opened independent Shnur\'OK label. In 2008 Spitfire released their fourth album \"Lifetime Visa\". In 2012, they released their fifth album, \"5\"
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# Guadiana International Bridge
The **Guadiana International Bridge** (*Puente Internacional del Guadiana*; *Ponte Internacional do Guadiana*) is a bridge that crosses the Guadiana River connecting southern Spain (town of Ayamonte) and Portugal (town of Castro Marim). It is the southernmost land crossing on the Portugal--Spain border. It is not split evenly between the two countries, with a greater share of it situated in Portugal. Completed in 1991, its structural type is a cable-stayed bridge, with a deck of prestressed concrete. The bridge was designed by the Portuguese Structural Engineer Professor José Luis Câncio Martins on behalf of Huarte S.A. (now Obrascón Huarte Lain) and Teixeira Duarte. The bridge is open to vehicles only. It is the third longest bridge in Portugal and one of the longest in Spain.
The bridge is 666 metres long with the central span between the towers being 324 metres. The deck stands 20 metres above the river, allowing the navigation of ships of deep draft. The two towers of the bridge are 95 and 96 metres tall, respectively. The Spanish side tower rests on an artificial island built on the riverbed, while the pillar on the Portuguese side is on land.
The bridge connects the *Via do Infante de Sagres* A22 motorway (Portugal) to the *Autopista del Quinto Centenario* A-49 Motorway (Spain), and is part of the European route E1.
## History
In the 1960s Portugal and Spain conducted studies to determine if a bridge in the area was possible. These began in 1963 and ended in 1985 with the signing of an agreement between the two countries
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# Michel Der Zakarian
**Michel Der Zakarian** (*Միշել Տեր-Զաքարյան*, born on 18 February 1963) is an Armenian professional football manager and former player who played as a defender.
Raised in France, he played for Nantes and Montpellier, and earned five caps for the Armenia national team in the mid-1990s. As a manager, he led Nantes, Montpellier (two spells each) and Brest in Ligue 1, and Clermont, Reims, and Caen in Ligue 2.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Der Zakarian was born in Yerevan and moved with his family to Marseille in the south of France at an young age. and spent his entire professional career in the country with Nantes and Montpellier, winning the league with the former in 1983. He was a member of the Armenia national team, participating in five international matches after his debut in a home 1998 World Cup qualifying match against Portugal.
## Managerial career {#managerial_career}
### Nantes and Clermont {#nantes_and_clermont}
Der Zakarian was assistant to Georges Eo at Nantes, and succeeded him on 12 February 2007 when the team was 19th in Ligue 1; this was their fifth change of the position since winning the league title in 2001. The *Canaris* were relegated, and he brought them back immediately from Ligue 2 as runners up to Le Havre, but was sacked on 26 August 2008 after gaining one point from the first three games of the season, and was replaced by Christian Larièpe, who became the interim manager.
On 1 June 2009, Der Zakarian succeeded Didier Ollé-Nicolle at Ligue 2 club Clermont. Despite the club having one of the lowest budgets in the league, he led them to respective finishes of 6th, 7th and 5th in his three seasons before returning to Nantes.
In 2012--13, his first season back at the Stade de la Beaujoire, Der Zakarian again won Nantes promotion to Ligue 1, in third place. He kept them in the top flight in each of the following three seasons, though goals were hard to come by; they netted 38, 29 and 33 respectively over the 38-game campaigns. Club owner Waldemar Kita disliked Der Zakarian and his management, but allowed him to see out his contract instead of paying for a dismissal.
### Reims and Montpellier {#reims_and_montpellier}
Der Zakarian left Nantes in May 2016 to sign for two years at Reims, newly relegated to Ligue 2. A year later, he was back in the top flight after leaving by mutual accord to join Montpellier.
In April 2019, Der Zakarian signed a new contract to stay at Montpellier until 2021. The club ended that season in 6th, missing out on UEFA Europa League qualification only due to the results of the domestic cup finals.
Der Zakarian announced in May 2021 that he was leaving Montpellier at the end of the season. He won 2--1 against former club Nantes on his final day, securing 8th place.
### Brest
On 22 June 2021, Der Zakarian signed with fellow Ligue 1 side Brest. The team did not win any of their first eleven games, followed by six successive victories including over Monaco and Marseille. Having stayed up in his first season, his contract was automatically extended to 2024.
Der Zakarian was fired on 11 October 2022 with the club in last place, having won once in ten games. Results that season included a 7--0 home loss to Montpellier on 28 August.
### Return to Montpellier {#return_to_montpellier}
On 8 February 2023, Der Zakarian returned as manager of Montpellier. On 24 October 2023, he was involved in an altercation with defender Mamadou Sakho, who reportedly grabbed him by the collar before the manager fell to the floor; it is alleged that Sakho was provoked by Der Zakarian calling him a \"cry-baby\" over a training ground incident.
After having conceded 26 goals in 8 games, ending with a 5--0 defeat to Marseille, Der Zakarian was sacked from last-placed Montpellier on 20 October 2024.
### Caen
On 18 February 2025, Der Zakarian signed with Ligue 2 side Caen. He left the club at the end of the season, having been relegated to the Championnat National.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Der Zakarian and his wife Véronique married in 1983
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# Klaus-Jürgen Grünke
**Klaus-Jürgen Grünke** (born 30 March 1951) is a retired track cyclist from East Germany, who represented his native country at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada. There he won the gold medal in the men\'s 1,000m time trial, defeating Belgium\'s Michel Vaarten. A year earlier he won the world title in the same event in Rocourt
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# Friends Volleyball Club
**Friends Volleyball Club** is a volleyball club based in Puduvayal, Tamil Nadu, India. It was founded in 1986 by Jayakumar Krishnan. He studied in Ramanathan Chettiar Higher Secondary School in Puduvayal. This club is promoting volleyball and athletics in this region. This club conducts state level volleyball tournaments every year. Some of the best players in the country participated in these tournaments and represented this prestigious club.
## List of international players who represented the club {#list_of_international_players_who_represented_the_club}
1. Solaimalai R (Senior India)
2. Natarajan J (Senior India)
3. Sivabalan (Senior India)
4. Kumaran (Senior India)
5. Sundaram (Senior India)
6. Ramamoorthy (Beach Volleyball)
7. Nickson (Beach Volleyball)
8. Sayee Krishnan (Senior India)
9. Manoharan (Senior India)
## List of players who represented the club and Tamil Nadu state {#list_of_players_who_represented_the_club_and_tamil_nadu_state}
1. Ilamaran (Represented Indian Railways for World Railways Games)
2. Uma Rajan
3. Prakash (Representing Indian Army team currently and played for Tamil Nadu youth Team)
4
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# Jürgen Geschke
**Hans-Jürgen Geschke** (also known as **Tutti**, born 7 July 1943) is a German former track cyclist who competed for East Germany in the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics. After having won the silver medal in the 2000 m tandem, alongside Werner Otto, he claimed the bronze medal in the 1000 m sprint in 1976. At the world championships Geschke and Otto won two gold, one silver and one bronze medal in the tandem in 1969--1973, and Geschke added a sprint gold in 1977.
Geschke is the father of road racing cyclist Simon Geschke
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# Sfinx (band)
**Sfinx** was one of the most appreciated Romanian rock acts in the 1970s, along with Phoenix.
## History
### The early years (1963--1973) {#the_early_years_19631973}
The band was formed in 1963, in Bucharest. It was singer and guitarist Octav Zemlicka who had the idea to start the band. (\"Sfinx\" is Romanian for sphinx) The initial line up included bassist Corneliu Ionescu, nicknamed \"Bibi\", who would be the only member to stay with the band until they disbanded. In 1966, Sfinx were aired for the first time on radio, with *Îmi place muzica* (\"I love music\") and their eponymous song, *Sfinx*. 1968 brought drummer Marian Toroimac into the band, and together with him, the young and shy Dan Andrei Aldea (both had been members of a band called Memphis). The latter left the band in 1969 for several months and returned, and he would assume control of the band and make it one of the finest rock acts in Romania.
The band played as a trio (Aldea, Ionescu, Toroimac) for several years. They used to play covers of songs by The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, Ten Years After, The Doors, The Kinks etc. As of 1972, they recorded their first single disc, *Şir de cocori/Languir me fais* (First title translated: \"Flock of Cranes\". The latter was an arrangement of a lied by George Enescu).
### Classic Sfinx (1973--1980) {#classic_sfinx_19731980}
1973 found Sfinx without a drummer, after Toroimac left. Aldea and \"Bibi\" Ionescu, together with flautist Doru Donciu, set out on a number of musical experiments, of which very few were recorded. Towards the end of 1973, two drummers were proposed to join the band, of which the former was replaced by the skillful Mihai (Mişu) Cernea (the ex-drummer of pop band Mondial, who was also a gifted composer, with whom some of the best records of Romanian rock were taped around 1970). Hornist Petre Iordache, a former member of the band, briefly joined when the band\'s first EP was recorded in 1974, *Coborîse primăvara/Ziua ta/Fiii soarelui/Peste vîrfuri* (\"Spring descended/Birthday/Sons of sun/Over crests\").
In 1974 guitarist and composer Dan Bădulescu joins Sfinx, and from that point on (until the 1980s), the band had only a few changes of personnel. Their first LP, *Lume albă* (\"White world\") was released in 1975 and enjoyed a great success with the audience and critics. At this point, the rival band Phoenix had released their own successful LP, *Cantofabule*, which however was not their first. Now that Sfinx had their own LP, the tension between the two bands\' fans grew higher, so the Sfinx LP cover art humorously features some of the very passionate articles found in newspapers of the time.
When Bădulescu joined, the band started collaborating with the *Romanian Agency for Artistic Promotion*, so the first coordinates were established, regarding future concert tours throughout the country and abroad. For instance, the band would be allowed to concert periodically in Belgium for a number of years.
Only a few months after *Lume albă*, another project was mostly finalized: the ambitious concept album *Zalmoxe*, featuring lyrics by Romanian poet Alexandru Basarab. Bădulescu had left the band and Aldea invited instead a highschool friend, talented keyboard player Nicolae (Nicu) Enache. The album\'s release was however delayed for three years for political censorship reasons, so it came out only in 1978 on a single LP instead of a double album, as the band initially had planned. Meanwhile, Jon Anderson\'s backing band released *Olias of Sunhillow* in 1976 and when Aldea listened to it, he thought of trying to make a \"timid\" response out of their own album. After the release of the album, a major concert tour was held throughout the country, where the band enjoyed huge success with the audience.
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# Sfinx (band)
## History
### The 1980s (1980--1989) {#the_1980s_19801989}
In 1980, the band found themselves without Enache, so Idu Barbu, the first keyboard player with the band (also, one of the founding members) was invited and joined in for recording a new single disc, *Focuri vii/\'49-\'50* (\"Live Flames/\'49-\'50\"). The disc was still a great success with the audience, yet had only moderate success with the critics.
An EP was released the same year -- *Din nou acasă/Zmeul/Fetele albine* (\"Home again/The Kite/Little bee girls\"). Partly resembling the *Lume albă* style, although more mature, it was thought of as a much better record than the single previously released the same year. When the *Zalmoxe* album was re-released on CD in 1993, it also included the EPs three songs as bonus tracks. Idu Barbu played the keyboards only on *Fetele albine*, a piece in 7/8 timing, combining ethnic influences with synthesizer effects. The other two songs feature Aldea himself on keyboards.
The band got again a contract to play in a nightclub in Belgium in 1981 and Dan Andrei Aldea decided to defect, and consequently requested political asylum. He never returned to Romania, even after the revolution in 1989, claiming disappointment with some of the political events in the early 1990s. He built his own recording studio in Munich, Germany and started working there as a producer, arranger and session musician.
Meanwhile, in 1982, a new singer and guitarist was brought into the band, Sorin Chifiriuc, who had just quit his own musical act, called Domino. Together with three keyboard players (of which, Sandu Grosu had been with them since 1974 as the band\'s sound engineer), Sfinx released their last album, which was untitled (except for the band\'s name, which was featured on the cover). This led some to take it as an eponymous album, while others called it for its blue cover, *Albumul albastru* (\"The Blue Album\", 1984). The style was very different from the previous records and ventured into some new wave, including an (uncredited) cover of Stranglers\' *Golden Brown* as *Într-un Cer Violet*. As keyboardist Doru Apreotesei admitted in an interview, the producer forced the band to release the album right after the compositions were done, so they didn\'t have much time for rehearsals. The band later discovered that live renditions sounded much better than the studio version, as the members had not been accustomed to the songs well enough half a year before.
### Into Sfinx Experience (1990 on) {#into_sfinx_experience_1990_on}
The band\'s activity declined in the late 1980s, when new members (which now changed very often) started playing commercial-oriented music, as a consequence of the invitations the band received from discothèques abroad. Sfinx split into two different acts after 1989: \"Bibi\" Ionescu kept the original act\'s name, while Mişu Cernea formed Sfinx Experience. While Sfinx never performed again, the latter is still working today with a new line up (of which, Crina Mardare and Zoia Alecu previously played and sang in the 1985 Sfinx), except for the drummer, Mişu Cernea.
## Notable band members {#notable_band_members}
- Corneliu \"Bibi\" Ionescu (electric bass) (died 2022)
- Octav Zemlicka (vocals, guitars)
- Idu Barbu (keyboards)
- Cristian Valica (drums)
- Petre Iordache (French horn)
- Sergiu Zagardan (drums)
- Toni Niculescu (keyboards)
- Adrian Ivaniţchi (guitars)
- Marian Toroimac (drums)
- Dan Andrei Aldea (vocals, guitars, keyboards, violin, recorder, harmonica) (died 2020)
- Silviu Hera (guitars)
- Doru Donciu (flute)
- Mişu Cernea (drums, vocals)
- Sandu Grosu (sound engineer, later keyboards)
- Dan Bădulescu (guitars, vocals)
- Nicolae Enache (keyboards)
- Sorin Chifiriuc (vocals, guitars, vocals)
- Doru Apreotesei (keyboards)
- Edwin Surin (keyboards)
- Mircea Romcescu (guitars)
- Florin Ochescu (guitars)
- Cristi Rus (guitars, vocals)
- Mihai Coman (keyboards, vocals)
- Doru Caplescu (keyboards)
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# Sfinx (band)
## Discography
### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
- *Lume albă* (\"White world\", 1975)
- *Zalmoxe* (\"Zalmoxis\", 1978)
- *Albumul albastru* (\"The blue album\", 1984)
### Single discs and EPs {#single_discs_and_eps}
- *Şir de cocori/Languir me fais* (\"Cranes\' Pack/I yearn of you \[o.fr.\]\", 1972)
- *Coborîse primăvara/Ziua ta/Fiii soarelui/Peste vîrfuri* (\"Spring fell/Birthday/Sons of sun/Over crests\", 1974)
- *Focuri vii/\'49-\'50* (\"Flames alive/\'49-\'50\", 1980)
- *Din nou acasă/Zmeul/Fetele albine* (\"Home again/The Kite/Little bee girls\", 1980)
### Compilation albums {#compilation_albums}
- *Formaţii rock nr. 4* (\"Rock bands no. 4\", 1979) -- the disc belongs to the *Formaţii de muzică uşoară* series and it features two songs by Sfinx: *Drumul* (\"The Path\") and *Lumină şi culoare* (\"Light and colour\"). Lyrics for both songs were written by Cristina M. Ioan.
- *Club A* (1981) -- this is a live album comprising a number of hits from various Romanian bands of the time, all recorded while performing in the Architecture Students\' Club, Bucharest. Sfinx are featured with their 1980 number, *Focuri vii*.
### Sfinx with Dida Drăgan {#sfinx_with_dida_drăgan}
Around 1975, Sfinx had a short collaboration with Romanian singer Dida Drăgan. She had not yet had her disc debut, so her then-husband, Petre Magdin, offered her two compositions of his own. At that time, the Sfinx lineup was still that of *Lume albă*. Aldea wrote new arrangements for the two songs by Petre Magdin. Eventually, in 1975, a single disc called *Glas de păduri\|Trepte de lumină* was released with vocals by Drăgan and Sfinx as the backing band.
### Other recordings {#other_recordings}
Of the many songs by Sfinx considered lost (i.e., played mostly in concerts, and never recorded properly in a studio or, in some cases, never recorded at all), some survived on some unofficial recordings. However, those were not included on official discs or CDs. A quasi-chronologically ordered list of the most notable recordings would include:
- *Îmi place muzica* (\"I like music\", 1966) -- one of the earliest successes of the band. Sfinx were invited to the Romanian Television, where they played this song together with a few covers (of which, the Beatles\' *Sgt. Pepper\'s Lonely Hearts Club Band*).
- *Purgatoriu* (\"Purgatory\", 1972?) -- instrumental piece recorded (low fidelity) at the Bulandra Theatre in Bucharest, shortly before Toroimac would leave the band. For a couple of years, Sfinx wrote and played music for stage from time to time. (Dan Andrei Aldea, however, was much more faithful to the world of theatre and had some notable projects in parallel to working with Sfinx.)
- *Scufiţa roşie* (\"Little Red Riding Hood\", 1980) -- this was the only non-disc song which was featured on a CD (as a bonus track), that is, the *Zalmoxe* re-release in 1993. The song doesn\'t have a guitar part (only in the solo, where a discreet muted electric guitar is doubling the harmonica -- both played by Aldea), but a piano resembling the Aldea style heard on *Zmeul*.
- *Pasăre sură* (\"Leaden bird\", 1982?)
- *Întoarcerea* (\"The Return\", 1984?) -- this song is often mistaken for a track on *Albumul albastru*. It resembles very much the style of the album, but it was recorded *outside* it
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# Tomislav Erceg
**Tomislav Erceg** (born 22 October 1971) is a retired Croatian footballer who played as a forward. He made four appearances for the Croatia national team, scoring one goal.
## Club career {#club_career}
Erceg started his career at HNK Šibenik in 1990, moving to HNK Hajduk Split after his first season with the club. After three seasons in Split, he went abroad, going on to play in the national leagues of Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Japan and Israel. He was top scorer of the Prva HNL when he played for NK Rijeka in the 2004--05 season, scoring 17 goals. He was Rijeka\'s first player to become the league goalscorer in Prva HNL
As of May 2010 and the conclusion of the 2009--10 Prva HNL season, Erceg is ranked fifth all-time top scorer in Prva HNL with 97 goals.
## International career {#international_career}
He made his debut for Croatia in a June 1997 Kirin Cup match against Japan, coming on as a 74th-minute substitute for Robert Prosinečki, and earned a total of 4 caps, scoring 1 goal in a friendly game against Turkey on 12 June 1997. His final international was a September 1997 1998 FIFA World Cup qualification World Cup qualification match away against Denmark.
## Career statistics {#career_statistics}
### Club
: Source:
Club performance League Cup
------------------ --------------------- ------------------------ -------- ------- ------------------
Season Club League Apps Goals Apps
Yugoslavia League Yugoslav Cup
1990--91 Šibenik Yugoslav Second League 16 3 \-
Croatia League Croatian Cup
1992 Hajduk Split Prva HNL 10 1 1
1992--93 21 7 8
1993--94 27 18 5
1994--95 27 17 7
Switzerland League Swiss Cup
1995--96 Lugano Nationalliga A 18 9 1
1996--97 Grasshopper Zürich 9 3 0
Germany League DFB-Pokal
1996--97 Duisburg Bundesliga 5 0 1
Croatia League Croatian Cup
1996--97 Hajduk Split Prva HNL 14 6 \-
1997--98 12 11 1
Italy League Coppa Italia
1997--98 Ancona Serie B 19 3 \-
1998--99 Perugia Serie A 4 0 1
Croatia League Croatian Cup
1998--99 Hajduk Split Prva HNL 12 7 2
Spain League Copa del Rey
1999--00 Levante Segunda División 17 0 0
Turkey League Turkish Cup
2000--01 Kocaelispor First League 14 10 0
2001--02 Süper Lig 1 0 \-
Croatia League Croatian Cup
2001-02 Hajduk Split Prva HNL 21 13 4
2002-03 5 0 \-
Japan League Emperor\'s Cup
2002 Sanfrecce Hiroshima J1 League 10 1 3
2003 J2 League 5 2 0
Israel League Israel State Cup
2003--04 Hapoel Petah Tikva Premier League 29 12 1
Croatia League Croatian Cup
2004--05 Rijeka Prva HNL 32 17 8
Germany League DFB-Pokal
2005--06 Greuther Fürth 2\
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# Werner Otto (cyclist)
**Werner Otto** (born 15 April 1948) is a retired track cyclist from East Germany. He competed in the 2000 m tandem at the 1968 and 1972 Olympics and won a silver medal in 1972, alongside Jürgen Geschke; they finished fifth in 1968. At the world championships Otto and Geschke won two gold, one silver and one bronze medal in 1969--1973
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# List of islands of Serbia
This is a **list of islands of Serbia**. The best known Island is the Ada Ciganlija, which is a popular recreational area and tourist spot. Apart from Ada, Belgrade has a total of 16 islands on the rivers, many still unused. Among them, the Great War Island at the confluence of Sava, stands out as an oasis of unshattered wildlife (especially birds). These areas, along with nearby Small War Island, are protected by the city\'s government as a nature preserve.
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| **Name** | **Location** | **Notes** | **Image** |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Ada Ciganlija | (Sava river) Belgrade | *Ada* is situated on the Sava river, and is Belgrade\'s biggest sports and recreational complex. Today it is connected with the right bank of the Sava via two causeways, creating an artificial lake. It is the most popular destination for Belgraders during the city\'s hot summers. There are 7 kilometres of long beaches and sports facilities for various sports including golf, football, basketball, volleyball, rugby union, baseball, and tennis. During summer there are between 200,000 and 300,000 bathers daily. Clubs work 24 hours a day, organising live music and overnight beach parties. Extreme sports are available, such as bungee jumping, water skiing and paintballing. There are numerous tracks on the island, where it is possible to ride a bike, go for a walk or go jogging. | \ |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Ada Huja | (Danube), Belgrade | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Ada Kaleh | Iron Gate (Danube) | The construction of the joint Yugoslavian-Romanian mega project that would finally tame the Danube river commenced in 1964. In 1972 the Iron Gate I Dam was opened, followed by Iron Gate II Dam, in 1984, along with two hydroelectric power stations and two sluices. The old Orşova, the Danube island Ada Kaleh and at least five other villages, totaling a population of 17,000, had to make way. People were relocated and the settlements have been lost forever to the Danube.(Submerged) | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Ada Međica | (Sava river) Belgrade | Ada Međica is an ovally shaped river island in the Sava river, a kilometer long and 200 m wide. It is located just north of the central part of the much larger Ada Ciganlija. It is forested and has no resident population, but has many weekend-houses owned by the residents of Belgrade. During summer over 2,000 Belgraders spend weekends on Ada Međica, which is accessible only by small boats. Leisure activities include swimming, walking and barbecues, as the area is nearly intact and without touristic facilities. One of the local communities which constitute the neighborhood of Blokovi of Novi Beograd was named Ada Međica in the 1990s, with a population of 4,636 in 2002. The name of the island, Ada Međica, is Serbian for border river island as for the centuries the Sava river was a border of many states (Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Hungary, Serbia, Ottoman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, etc.). The island is on the borderline today too as it belongs to the municipality of Novi Beograd, and 100 meters away Ada Ciganlija belongs to the municipality of Čukarica. | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Beljarica | (Danube) | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Biserno Ostrvo | (Tisa river) Novi Bečej | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Čakljanac | (Danube), Pančevo | area of 159 ha | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Čaplja | (Danube) Palilula, Belgrade | Project | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Dunavac Island | (Danube) | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Forkontumac | (Danube), Pančevo | area of 391.7 ha | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Great War Island | (Danube) Zemun | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Gročanska ada | (Danube) Grocka | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Janda | (Danube) Stari Slankamen | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Ločka | (Danube) Stari Slankamen | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Velika ada | (Danube) Stari Slankamen | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Kamenička ada | (Danube)\ | | |
| | Novi Sad | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Kožara | (Danube) Palilula, Belgrade | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Krčedinska ada | (Danube) Krčedin | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Mačkov prud | (Danube) | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Mala Ciganlija | (Sava) Belgrade | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Mali mačak | (Danube) | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Little War Island | (Danube) Zemun | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Ostrovo Kostolac | (Danube) Kostolac | area of 60 km2; 20 km in length and 3 km in width. The island lies east of Belgrade, near Kostolac, and is heavily forested, and uninhabited. | 100px |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Ostrovo | (Danube) Veliko Gradište | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Pančevački rit | (Danube) Belgrade | is the largest Serbian island on the Danube, with an area of 378.6 km2 | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Paradajz | (Danube), Višnjica Belgrade | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Starčevačka Ada | (Danube), Pančevo | area of 85.1 ha | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Vukovar Island | (Danube) | Disputed with Croatia | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Šarengrad Island | (Danube) | Disputed with Croatia | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Petrovaradinska ada | (Danube)\ | | |
| | Petrovaradin | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Ribarsko ostrvo | Novi Sad | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Smederevska ada and Mala ada | (Danube) Smederevo | | |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+
| Štefanac | (Danube), Pančevo | area of 550
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# Red Flag – Alaska
**Red Flag-Alaska** is a realistic, ten-day air combat United States Air Force (USAF) training exercise held up to four times a year. It is held at Eielson Air Force Base and Elmendorf Air Force Base in the State of Alaska. Each *Red Flag-Alaska* exercise is a multi-service, multi-platform coordinated, combat operations exercise and corresponds to the designed operational capability of participating units. In other words, exercises often involve several units whose military mission may differ significantly from that of other participating units. *Red Flag-Alaska* planners take those factors into consideration when designing exercises so participants get the maximum training possible without being placed at an unfair advantage during simulated combat scenarios.
## History
### Cope Thunder {#cope_thunder}
Exercise Cope Thunder was a Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) sponsored exercise initiated at Clark Air Base, the Philippines, in 1976. Conceived by Brigadier General Richard G. Head, the exercise was devised as a way to give aircrews from across Asia their first taste of warfare in a realistic training environment. The exercise quickly grew into PACAF\'s \"premier simulated combat airpower employment exercise.\"
Prior to Operation Desert Storm, less than one-fifth of the U.S. Air Force\'s primary fighter pilots had seen combat. While the percentage of combat-experienced pilots has increased in recent years, with the end of the Vietnam War a high percentage of pilots had not experienced combat. Analysis indicates most combat losses occurred during an aircrew\'s first eight to 10 missions. Therefore, the goal of Cope Thunder was to provide each aircrew with these first vital missions, increasing their chances of survival in combat environments.
Each Cope Thunder exercise was a multi-service, combat operations exercise corresponding to the intended operational capability of participating units; exercises involved units whose military mission may differ significantly from that of other participating units. Cope Thunder planners took those factors into consideration when designing exercises so participants received the maximum training possible without being placed at an unfair advantage during simulated combat scenarios.
It was not uncommon during Cope Thunder exercises to see Philippine Air Force Northrop F-5, Royal Australian Air Force F/A-18 Hornets, U.S. Navy A-4 Skyhawks, Royal New Zealand Air Force A-4K Skyhawks, Republic of Singapore Air Force Hawker Hunters, stacked up on taxiways awaiting their turn to launch along with USAF F-15 Eagles, and F-16 Fighting Falcons from bases in PACAF, and Alaskan Air Command.
Cope Thunder was moved to Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, from Clark Air Base, Philippines, in 1992 after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo on June 15, 1991 forced the closure of Clark Air Base.
When the decision was made to relocate Cope Thunder, Air Force officials viewed Eielson Air Force Base as the most logical choice. That decision was based on the close proximity of large areas of military training airspace and the fact that Eielson\'s 5055th Range Squadron, to become the 353d Combat Training Squadron in 1993, already maintained and operated three major military air-to-ground training ranges nearby.
Cope Thunder was redesignated Red Flag-Alaska in 2006.
### Red Flag-Alaska {#red_flag_alaska}
Red Flag-Alaska is a PACAF sponsored exercise. Since its inception, thousands of people from all four branches of the US military, as well as the armed services of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Turkiye, and the United Kingdom, have taken part in multinational Red Flag-Alaska exercises.
Participating aircraft include A/OA-10, B-1B Lancer, B-2 Spirit, B-52 Stratofortress, C-130, C-160, E-2 Hawkeye, E-3 Sentry, F-15C, F-15E Strike Eagle, F-16 Fighting Falcon, F/A-18, F-22 Raptor, F-35 Lightning II, EA-6B, EA-18, KC-130, KC-135 Stratotanker, KC-10 Extender, HC-130, various helicopters and CF-18, Panavia Tornado, Hawker Siddeley Nimrod, Vickers VC10, Aero L-159 Alca, Sukhoi Su-30MKI, Eurofighter Typhoon, Mitsubishi F-2, JAS39 Gripen and SEPECAT Jaguar as well as Stinger teams from the Japan Self-Defense Forces.
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# Red Flag – Alaska
## Operations
Red Flag-Alaska participants are organized into \"Red\" aggressor (enemy) and \"Red\" coalition (defensive) forces. \"White\" forces represent the neutral controlling agency. The defensive force includes ground-control intercept (GCI) and surface-to-air defensive forces to simulate threats posed by potentially hostile nations. These forces generally employ defensive counter-air tactics directed by GCI sites. Range threat emitters - electronic devices which send out signals simulating anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) and surface-to-air missile (SAM) launches - provide valuable surface-to-air training and are operated by a civilian contractor as directed by 353d Combat Training Squadron staff personnel.
The offensive force includes the full spectrum of U.S. and allied tactical and support units. Because the defensive and offensive forces meet in a simulated hostile, non-cooperative training environment, the job of controlling the mock war and ensuring safety falls to the \"White\" neutral force.
On an average, more than 700 people and up to 60 aircraft deploy to Eielson, and an additional 500 people and 40 aircraft deploy to Elmendorf Air Force Base, for each Red Flag-Alaska exercise. Most participating Red Flag-Alaska units arrive a week prior to the actual exercise. During that time, aircrews may fly one or two range orientation flights, make physical and mental preparations, hone up on local flying procedures and restrictions, receive local safety and survival briefings, and work on developing orientation plans.
During the two-week employment phase of the exercise, aircrews are subjected to a wide range of combat threats. Scenarios are shaped to meet each exercise\'s specific training objectives. All units are involved in the development of exercise training objectives. At the height of the exercise, up to 70 aircraft can be operating in the same airspace at one time. Typically, Red Flag-Alaska conducts two combat missions each day.
All Red Flag-Alaska exercises take place in the Joint Pacific Alaska Range Complex airspace located in eastern Alaska. The entire airspace is made up of 18 permanent Military Operations Areas (MOA), 11 Air Traffic Control Assigned Airspace (ATCAA) high altitude training areas and three restricted areas (R2202, R2205, R2211), for a total airspace of more than 68000 sqmi, roughly the size of the state of Oklahoma. Occasionally, adjoining airspace in western Canada is used.
Aircrew aren\'t the only ones who benefit from the Red Flag-Alaska experience. Exercises provide an operations training environment for participants such as unit-level intelligence experts, maintenance crews, command and control elements as well as staff and planning personnel.
By providing generic scenarios using common worldwide threats and simulated combat conditions, Red Flag-Alaska gives everyone an opportunity to make the tough calls combat often requires.
August 16, 2018 marked the first time a RQ-4 Global Hawk had been integrated into a Red Flag-Alaska exercise. June 2019 saw the exercise debut of a MQ-9 Reaper during Red Flag -- Alaska 19--2. Pilots from the 174th Attack Wing Hancock Air Force Base, New York, more than 4,000 miles away flew the drones remotely
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# Rocco Benetton
**Rocco Benetton** (born 29 September 1969) is an Italian entrepreneur publicly known for his role as chief executive officer of championship-winning Formula One Team Benetton.
## Personal background {#personal_background}
He is the son of Maria Teresa and Luciano Benetton and member of the Italian Benetton family which founded the Benetton Group S.p.A. clothing company in 1965. He is married and the father of three children.
## Academic studies {#academic_studies}
After attending high school in his home town of Treviso, he moved to the United States to study mechanical engineering at Boston University in 1989.
## Career in Wall Street {#career_in_wall_street}
At the end of his studies, Benetton moved to New York City at the beginning of 1994 where he worked in Wall Street for Oppenheimer & Co. and Alpha Investment Management as a hedge fund specialist and later served as managing director.
## Career in F1 {#career_in_f1}
In 1997, Benetton then moved to Oxford, England where he was appointed chief executive officer of Benetton Formula One, the team racing in the World Formula One Championship. Following the departure of chief executive Flavio Briatore and Michael Schumacher, he led the team for four years, achieving good results. The team, however, was not able to keep up with the financial investment level of the newcomer car manufacturers, so Benetton directed and managed the sale of the BF1 Team to Renault Group for at the time a record agreement in 2000 including the following co-branding exposure for two more F1 seasons.
## Entrepreneurial career {#entrepreneurial_career}
After his four-year English experience, Benetton later moved back to his family home town Treviso where he settled with his family and children. Surrounded by a very strong entrepreneurial environment, he founded the companies Zero Rh+ and the Oot Group, a top-of-the-line web company, with the world\'s largest communication company WPP plc.
In 2003, he also founded Banca del Gottardo Italia, personally acquired a 4% stake in the bank and joined the board together with Alberto Bombasei (Brembo SpA), Domenico Bosatelli (Gewiss SpA) and Tito Lombardini (Gruppo Lombardini). After a very successful development of the business, Banca del Gottardo was acquired in totality by Banca Generali in May 2008.
Through his experience acquired in technology, it was clear to Benetton that the security of new technology was becoming an increasingly prevalent problem and he decided to focus in that direction. In 2013, together with a highly skilled team with international experience from Etnoteam, Value Partners, Value Team, Sun Microsystems, IBM, he founded a research company, Mobisec Group, to develop high-end security for companies in apps and internet of things in general. After five years of research and development, Mobisec was able to go to market to service the top companies in the Italian market. After significant growth in the domestic market, Mobisec USA opened in 2020 in Menlo Park, Palo Alto, California to enhance and develop its own product at a higher level.
Today, Benetton is a very active private investor in many startup companies in Europe, Asia and in the United States
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# Fitz Hinds
**Delmont Cameron St Clair Hinds** (born 1 June 1880 at Westbury Road, St Michael, Barbados, details of death unknown) was a West Indian cricketer who toured with the first West Indian touring side to England in 1900. He was known as **Fitz Hinds**.
He had not played in any big matches before being selected for the 1900 tour and was described before the tour as \"Good all-round cricketer, bowls well, with a peculiar action. Member of \[\[Spartan Cricket Club\|Spartan \[Cricket\] Club\]\]\". On the tour he was sixth in the batting averages at just over 20, but his bowling was ineffective, his 6 wickets costing over 50 runs each. He was \"often useful in his peculiar style, and was a keen hard working cricketer\".
Returning from England he played for A.B. St Hill\'s team in 1900-01 and took 10-36 in his first innings against Trinidad in a twelve-a-side match. He eventually made his debut for Barbados in the Inter-Colonial Tournament of 1901-02. He was chosen for the combined West Indies team against Bennett\'s side in 1901-02 and Lord Brackley\'s team in 1904-05.
In his 12 match first class career he had a batting average of just over 20 and took useful wickets at an average of 15.
He later emigrated to the United States and in August 1913 he appeared for a \'West Indian Coloured Team\' against the 1913 Australian tourists at Celtic Park, Brooklyn, New York City
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# Anton Tkáč
**Anton Tkáč** (30 March 1951 -- 22 December 2022) was a Slovak track cyclist who claimed the gold medal for Czechoslovakia in the men\'s Match Sprint event at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada when in the final he defeated eight-time World Champion Frenchman Daniel Morelon. In this discipline he also won two World titles, in 1974 in Montreal and in 1978 in Munich, Germany.
## Cycling career {#cycling_career}
Tkáč started cycling in the 1 km time trial discipline (sometimes called \"standing start\"). The most successful Czechoslovak sprint cyclist was originally in sports school in the capital city of Bratislava where he focused in athletics and mainly ran sprints. The 1 km time trial came by accident when, on a borrowed bike, he won the race in the recruitment city suburb. Soon he was recruited by the Slovan Bratislava cycling club where he rode and trained on the track in the 1 km time trial discipline. Despite severe injuries he was soon convinced of his abilities after winning numerous national championships and in 1969 he was nominated for the World Championships, held in Brno, Czechoslovakia. After achieving the eighth place at his first World Championship, it was very disappointing for him and with his inherent stubbornness threw himself into hard training and preparing for another world championship. The following year at the 1970 World Championship in Leicester, England he has already stood on the podium, with bronze medal, while the silver medal escaped from him by astonishing 0.02 seconds.
After the sixth and thirteenth place at next world championships, he started in the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. Two weeks before the national team\'s departure to the Olympics, Tkac suffered another more serious injury, heavily bruising his hip after falling at high speed during a practice run and as a consequence he finished in 13th place in the 1 km time trial. After the Munich Olympic Games he changed his discipline from \"mindless\" pedaling of 1 km to the more creative \"match sprint\", which always lured him far more for ultimate speed. His lost battles, with match sprint all time legend, Daniel Morelon of France at the 1973 World Championship in San Sebastian, Spain, suggested that his choice was a very good one. A year later, at the World Championships in Montreal, Canada he was able to defeat all his opponents and become the holder of the Rainbow master jersey World Champion.
In 1976 he returned to Montreal, Canada for the Olympic Games. He was starting the match sprint event unseeded, and therefore had to start with interfering competition including very strong opponents far stronger than the other aspirants for the medal. Coach Jaromir Zak was reassuring him\...: \"When you defeat the stronger now, they will remain in the end only the weaker.\" But they did not. In the quarterfinals, he was able to overcome Denmark\'s Niels Fredborg -- World Champion. In the semifinals, he fought a battle \"bike on bike\" with the experienced Hans-Jürgen Geschke from Germany. It took four long days of intense competition at the Montreal Velodrome stadium until Tkac got himself to the finals. The road to Olympic gold, was through eight-time World Champion Daniel Morelon. The Frenchman first tried to ride a long spurt, by which he wanted to surprise his opponent Tkac. Instantly he got twenty meters ahead. Tkac never stopped chasing him with a huge strain and in the last corner he not only tightened on the Frenchman, but passed in front of him. Because the second heat was more favorable for Morelon, the third heat was the decisive one and Tkac was very well prepared. In this heat Tkac fully attacked way ahead at approximately 250 meters to go with his explosive speed in the long and rapid spurt and didn\'t give Morelon any chance to retaliate.
Daniel Morelon officially said goodbye to his active career at the Montreal Olympics where he wanted to complete his third gold medal, but he acknowledged the sports quality of his opponent. He said, even if I would have given the best performance of my life, I wouldn\'t have won over Tkac. \"I lost to a better cyclist,\" Morelon said after the final sprint race, \"I really couldn\'t find any way to beat him.\"
\...And Tkac\'s weaving winning impressions ? \"Sometimes I envy athletes that can compete on their well-defined path that is more or less determine how fast and how timed they are. However, cycling sprint is different. You have to have something more: emotion and instinct for countless tactical options to prepare against your opponent who wants to surprise you. The absolute speed and endurance is only one part.\"
After, Tkac took fourth place in the San Cristóbal World Championship, Venezuela in 1977. At the 1978 World Championship in Munich, Germany, he dueled with the upcoming generation of supposedly unbeatable sprint racers: Hesslich, Drescher, and Raasch of East-Germany. Tkac lastly, changed his mind after a two-month rest and joined the 1978 World Championship. He showed there the impossible - gradually overcame all three athletes from East-Germany with his explosive speed. Tkac gave one of his best performances of all time and became a World Champion for the third time.
In 1980 Tkac was once again nominated for the Olympic Games, taking place in Moscow, Soviet Union. Despite the failure of proper training and undertreated arm injury, he was able to fight through to the semifinals only. In it Tkac identified as opponent drawing Morelon\'s student Yave Cahard from France, who represented to Tkac his coach\'s defeat at the Montreal Olympic Games. In the race for the bronze medal his fastest time was beaten by Sergey Kopylov from the Soviet Union. Tkac\"s decorated cycling career ended with a disappointing fourth place.
## After cycling {#after_cycling}
Tkáč was the head coach of the Czechoslovak National Team for 13 years, as well the head coach of Dukla Trenčín cycling club. During his coaching career, he brought his national sprinter cyclist team to win the World Championship five times. Moreover, he worked more than 18 years at the Department of Defense components as an athlete, coach, and principal sport methodologist. Following his cycling career, Tkáč became president of the National Slovak Cycling Committee.
Tkáč died on 22 December 2022, at the age of 71.
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# Anton Tkáč
## Personal awards {#personal_awards}
- Olympic Champion, Match Sprint -- 1976 Montreal (Canada)
- World Champion, Match Sprint -- 1974 Montreal (Canada)
- World Champion, Match Sprint -- 1978 Munich (Germany)
- World Championship Bronze medal, Match Sprint -- 1970 Leicester (England)
- Numerous times Czechoslovak National Champion
- Sportsperson of the Year (Czechoslovakia): 1976, 1978
- The holder of numerous national and international sport awards and prizes
- The holder of the top MOV award for \"sports athlete excellence\" by the President of the International Olympic Committee, Mr
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# Aidan Gould
**Aidan Gould** (born February 26, 1997) is an American actor. He is the older brother of *Modern Family* star Nolan Gould.
## Family and education {#family_and_education}
Gould was born in Columbus, Georgia. The family moved to Phenix City, Alabama, when he was very young because his father, an army captain, was stationed at Fort Benning. The family moved to California in 2003.
## Career
Like his brother Nolan, Aidan was a child actor. His career began in 2001; at age four, he was considered for *We Were Soldiers*, but instead made his first appearance in a television commercial.
In 2008, he starred in the movie *Julia* opposite Tilda Swinton. The movie was entered in the 2008 Berlinale; one German critic called Gould\'s performance \"impressive\", and another said Gould\'s performance was \"uncannily capable\". Matthew Turner of *View London* called Aidan\'s performance a \"remarkable job\", and Amber Wilkinson of *Eye for Film* remarked, \"Gould invests Tom with sufficient reticence
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# Basis of Union (Presbyterian Church of Australia)
The **Basis of Union** of the Presbyterian Church of Australia is the document under which the constituent state churches agreed to unite at its first General Assembly on 24 July 1901, and is still a foundational text for the Uniting Church. The Basis of Union appears in Acts of Parliament concerning the Presbyterian Church of Australia.
## Background
At the turn of the twentieth century, every Australian state had its own Presbyterian church, formed from unions in the nineteenth century. According to Ian Breward, in 1879, \"leading Presbyterians in the eastern colonies began exploring the possibilities of meeting in federal assemblies.\" The Federal Assembly of the Presbyterian Churches of Australia and Tasmania was formed in 1886, as a means of drawing the constituent churches closer together. The involvement of New Zealand, seemed a possibility for a time, but then fell through.
The union of 1901 was nationwide and federal. The 19th century presbyterian unions in the Australian states had all constituted an organic union of denominations from separate traditions, even though they shared a common doctrinal standard. This union, however, involved churches of the same denomination in different locations. Alexander Yule could say on the eve of the Union that it was \"not the healing of a schism, nor the removal of an inherited division, like the recent Presbyterian Union in Scotland.\"
The individual state churches also kept their individual identities and retained many of their rights and privileges. F. Maxwell Bradshaw has argued that the loss of the continued identity of the state churches, \"would lead to immense and far reaching legal difficulties.\"
R. Gordon Balfour notes that the purpose of union was to give greater uniformity to ecclesiastical procedure and worship, a united effort in missionary work, and \"common action on great public questions.\"
The declaratory statement in the Basis of Union is modelled on the 1879 Declaratory Act of the United Presbyterian Church in Scotland, as well as the 1882 Declaratory Act of the Presbyterian Church of Victoria. However, while the Declaratory Act of 1882 mentions examples of possible points of doctrine on which liberty of opinion is allowed - such as the interpretation of the \"six days\" in the Genesis creation narrative - the declaratory statement in the Basis of Union provides no such example.
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# Basis of Union (Presbyterian Church of Australia)
## Contents
The first point of the Basis on Union affirmed that the \"Supreme Standard\" of the united church would be the \"Word of God contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments,\" while the second point affirmed that its \"Subordinate Standard\" would be the Westminster Confession of Faith, read in the light of a declaratory statement. This in turn consisted of six points.
### Declaratory statement {#declaratory_statement}
Point 1 of the declaratory statement presses the necessity of preaching the free offer of salvation, and the \"cardinal facts\" of Jesus Christ\'s incarnation, atoning life and death, resurrection and ascension, as well as the bestowment of his Holy Spirit.
The declaratory statement proceeds to qualify some statements in the Westminster Confession of Faith. Point 2 maintains the doctrine of predestination while affirming the free offer of the gospel. Point 3 states that \"while none are saved except through the mediation of Christ and by the grace of the Holy Spirit,\" it is not required to believe that any who die in infancy are lost, or that God may not extend his grace to any beyond \"the pale of ordinary means.\" Point 4 clarifies the Confession\'s teaching on good works, and notes that unregenerate people are \"yet capable of affections and actions which of themselves are virtuous and praiseworthy.\" Point 6 discusses the doctrine of the civil magistrate and rejects \"intolerant or persecuting principles.\"
Point 5 allows \"liberty of opinion\" on matters in the Westminster Confession which are \"not essential to the doctrine therein taught.\"
### Provision for changes {#provision_for_changes}
The remainder of the Basis of Union is taken with provisions for amendments or revisions to the Westminster Confession. It also includes a statement for ministers and elders to sign at their ordination
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# Shadowplayers
***Shadowplayers*** is the title of both a 2006 documentary film and a 2010 book by James Nice of LTM Recordings, tracing the detailed history of Factory Records and the Manchester post-punk music scene between 1978 and 1981.
## Film
The documentary oral history film *Shadowplayers* (full title *Shadowplayers -- Factory Records & Manchester Post Punk 1978-81*) was released on DVD in May 2006.
The extended film features interviews with 22 key participants, including company director Anthony H. Wilson and designer Peter Saville, as well as a host of musicians including Peter Hook (Joy Division/New Order), Simon Topping (A Certain Ratio), Vini Reilly (Durutti Column), Larry and Vin Cassidy (Section 25) and Howard Devoto (Buzzcocks/Magazine). Other featured artists include members of Cabaret Voltaire, Crispy Ambulance, Biting Tongues, Minny Pops, The Names, Swamp Children, Thick Pigeon, and Killing Joke, as well as contributions from Richard Boon, Annik Honoré, Lindsay Reade, and Richard Jobson.
*Shadowplayers* runs for 2 hours and 15 minutes and is divided into 19 chapters, covering subjects such as the Factory Club, sleeve art and graphic design, producer Martin Hannett, the riot at Joy Division\'s concert at The Derby Hall, Bury in April 1980, Factory Benelux and connections with Les Disques du Crépuscule and the Plan K venue in Brussels, the suicide of Ian Curtis, the beginnings of New Order, and the decline of post-punk culture after 1981.
Based exclusively on first-person narrative, *Shadowplayers* features soundtrack music by Section 25 and New Order, as well as rare images and graphics, and a cover design based on the first Factory poster (Fac 1) by Peter Saville.
## Book
*Shadowplayers* (subtitled *The Rise and Fall of Factory Records*) is a related music history book written by Nice and published by Aurum in May 2010. The book tells the story of Factory Records from its early beginnings up until its demise in 1992. The book was launched at the London record shop Rough Trade East by the author and included a short live performance by original Factory Records band Blurt and a speech by designer Peter Saville
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# Forever or Whatever
***Forever or Whatever*** is the second album by Intercooler. It was released on 24 February 2007. The album was produced by Magoo and Intercooler, recorded and mixed at Black Box Recording, and mastered by William Bowden at King Willy Sound.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Sail This into Me\"
2. \"Destiny\"
3. \"Carving Others\"
4. \"All Coming Back to Me\"
5. \"Wasted My Day\"
6. \"Situations\"
7. \"Futures Created\"
8. \"Come Back Down\"
9. \"Navigate This\"
10. \"Move from My Way\"
11. \"Pop Clothes\"
12. \"Hold Me Again\"
13. \"My Problem\"
14
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# Enactment (British legal term)
In the law of the United Kingdom, the term **enactment** may refer to the whole or part of a piece of legislation or to the whole or part of a legal instrument made under a piece of legislation. In *Wakefield Light Railways Company v Wakefield Corporation*, Ridley J. said:
In *Postmaster General v Birmingham Corporation*, Roache LJ said \"I am unable to accept the ingenious argument that the word \'enactment\' in\" section 7 of the Telegraph Act 1878 \"refers to special or ad hoc enactments dealing with specific works and does not refer to general enactments . . . No such limitation upon the word \"enactment\" is expressed, and in my judgement none can or should be implied.\"
In *Rathbone v Bundock*, Ashworth J said that in \"some contexts the word \"enactment\" may include within its meaning not only a statute but also a statutory regulation but, as it seems to me, the word does not have that wide meaning in\" the Road Traffic Act 1960. \"On the contrary, the language used in a number of instances strongly suggests that in this particular Act the draftsman was deliberately distinguishing between an enactment and a statutory regulation: see, for example, section 267 and Schedule 18.\"
See also *R v Bakewell* (1857) E & B 848 at 851, *Burgh of Grangemouth v Stirlingshire and Falkirk Water Board*, 1963, SLT 242, *Allsop v North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council* \[1991\] RVR 209, (1992) 156 LGR 1007, DC.
## Statutory definitions {#statutory_definitions}
In the Gas Undertakings Act 1929, unless the context otherwise required, the expression \"enactment\" included any public general Act, any special Act, and any provisional order confirmed by an Act.
In the Local Government Act 1929, unless the context otherwise requires, the expression \"enactment\" includes any public general, local or private Act and any rule, regulation, byelaw, order, or award made under any Act.
In the Local Government Act 1933, unless the context otherwise required, the expression \"enactment\" included any enactment in a provisional order confirmed by Parliament.
In the Shops Act 1950, save where the context otherwise required, the expression \"enactment\" included any Act, and any rule, regulation, bye-law or order made under any Act.
See section 126(1) of the Magistrates\' Courts Act 1952.
In the Education (Work Experience) Act 1973, the word \"enactment\" included any byelaw, regulation or other provision having effect under an enactment.
In section 31 of the Criminal Law Act 1977, the word \"enactment\" does not include an enactment contained in an order, regulation or other instrument made under an Act. See also section 65(2).
In section 29 of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, the expression \"enactment\" means any legislation (including subordinate legislation) of the United Kingdom or Northern Ireland and any instrument having effect by virtue of such legislation, and the expression \"statutory\" means conferred by an enactment.
In the Suppression of Terrorism Act 1978, the word \"enactment\" included an enactment of the Parliament of Northern Ireland, a Measure of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and an Order in Council under the Northern Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act 1972 or the Northern Ireland Act 1974.
In the Magistrates\' Courts Act 1980, unless the context otherwise requires, the expression \"enactment\" includes an enactment contained in a local Act or in any order, regulation or other instrument having effect by virtue of an Act.
In the preceding provisions of the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 and in section 18 of that Act, the word \"enactment\" means any legislation (including subordinate legislation) of the United Kingdom or Northern Ireland.
In the Channel Tunnel Act 1987, except where the context otherwise requires, the expression \"enactment\" includes an enactment contained in that Act or in any Act passed on or after the date on which that Act was passed, and any subordinate legislation within the meaning of the Interpretation Act 1978.
In section 163 of the Finance Act 1998, the word \"enactment\" includes any enactment contained in that Act (other than that section) and any enactment passed after that Act.
In Part 2 of the Welfare Reform Act 2009, the expression \"enactment\" means an enactment contained in, or in an instrument made under---
- an Act of Parliament,
- an Act of the Scottish Parliament, or
- a Measure or Act of the National Assembly for Wales.
## Classification
Enactments may be classified as express or implied, as general or particular, as declaratory or amending, as substantive or procedural, as mandatory (also known as absolute, imperative, obligatory or strict) or directory (also known as permissive), as criminal or civil, and as penal or non-penal (and formerly as penal or remedial)
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# Loch Broom
**Loch Broom** (*Lochbraon*, \"loch of rain showers\") is a sea loch located in northwestern Ross and Cromarty, in the former parish of Lochbroom, on the west coast of Scotland. The small town of Ullapool lies on the eastern shore of the loch.
## Little Loch Broom {#little_loch_broom}
Its sister loch, Little Loch Broom (*An Loch Beag*, \"the little loch\"), lies just to the west, at the foot of An Teallach and opening into the Minch. The village of Dundonnell is located at the mouth of the loch, linked by the A832 coast road to Camusnagaul on the eastern shore, midway up the loch, and Badcaul further north. The loch is an important wildlife habitat, and a population of cormorants often bask on the rocks jutting out of the water.
## Geography
### Loch Broom {#loch_broom}
Loch Broom is fed by the River Broom which rises in the Dirrie mountains, issuing from two lochs: Loch Bhraoin and Loch Droma. Loch Broom feeds the River Cuileig, which is joined by the Allt Breabaig stream that rises in Sgùrr Breac to the south. Loch Droma feeds the river Droma. The two rivers join close to Cuileig Power Station, 4+3/4 mi southeast of Loch Broom, passing Lael Forest before joining the loch as a fast flowing river with a strong current.
Loch Broom opens from the Minch at a width of 12+1/2 mi, extends 7 mi southeast, and contains the Summer Isles. It ramifies into Loch Broom proper in the North, with the sea loch, Loch Kanaird to the northeast close to Isle Martin, which overlooks Annat Bay on the Scoraig peninsula to the west which separates Loch Broom from Little Loch Broom in the middle and Gruinard Bay in the South.
At its opening to the sea, Loch Broom is 4 mi wide, and extends 5 mi southeast; contracts to 1 mi wide and changes direction to south-south-eastward and goes for about 9+1/2 mi, where it is fed by the River Broom.
### Little Loch Broom {#little_loch_broom_1}
Little Loch Broom is separated from Loch Broom by the Scoraig peninsula between 2 and(-) wide commencing in Caileach Head. The loch is 9+1/2 mi long, orientated in a south-eastward direction, similar to Loch Broom, and has a mean breadth of 1 mi. Two rivers flow into Little Loch Broom; the Allt Airdeasaidh empties into the Loch at Ardessie Falls and Dundonnell River, which rises in the Dundonnell forest 3 mi southeast of the loch and the innumerable small lochs and rivers that are in the forest.
## Mountains
The entrance to Loch Broom is overlooked by mountain of Ben More Coigach, at 2438 ft, on the Coigach peninsula, which has a view of Isle Martin and Loch Kanaird. The peninsula separating Loch Broom from Little Loch Broom contains the mountains of Beinn Ghobhlach and Beinn nam Ban. The Marilyn, Beinn Ghobhlach at 2,083 ft, is located at the head of the peninsula, overlooks the entrance to Loch Broom proper, to the northeast and Little Loch Broom to the south. It has a commanding view of Gruinard Bay and Gruinard Island to the west.
Beinn nam Ban -- at 1900 ft, also a Marilyn -- is located at the base of the peninsula, overlooks Dundonnell to the southwest and Loch Broom to the west and south.
Lying southwest of Dundonnell, overlooking Little Loch Broom, and Gruinard Bay and Gruinard Island, to the northwest, lies the majestic ridge of An Teallach (meaning \"The Anvil\" or \"The Forge\" in Scottish Gaelic), with 10 mountains over 3,000 ft. These summits of An Teallach are thus Munros
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# Gregor Braun
**Gregor Braun** (`{{IPA|de|ˈɡʁeːɡoːɐ̯ ˈbʁaʊn|-|De-Gregor Braun.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}; born 31 December 1955) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer from Germany, who was a professional rider from 1977 to 1989 and who became a multiple Olympic Gold medaillist and track world champion. his profession was a locksmith.
He represented West Germany at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada, where he won the gold medal in both the men\'s individual pursuit and in the team pursuit with Peter Vonhof, Hans Lutz and Günther Schumacher, corroborating their win a year before, also as amateurs, with capturing the gold in the men\'s team pursuit in the 1975 world championships in Montreal. The West German Olympic track team for 1976 was managed by former track champion Gustav Kilian. In 1977 Braun turned professional, riding mostly on the road and proving himself a capable rider on the road by winning, *inter alia*, the Giro di Sardegna (1983, 1980), the 14th stage of the 1983 Giro d\'Italia, Kuurne--Brussels--Kuurne (1982), the Tre Valli Varesine (1981), Milano--Vignola (1981), the Deutschland Tour (1980), the Tour d\'Indre-et-Loire (1979), the then Rund um den Henninger-Turm, three national road championships (1983, 1980, 1978) and ending on the podium in the 1982 Paris--Roubaix, the 1982 Amstel Gold Race and the 1978 Tour of Flanders.
On the track as a professional, Braun became world champion in the (then) 5k pursuit in the 1977 world championships and the 1978 track world championships and won bronze in this discipline in 1985. Furthermore, he won the 1979 European championships madison (with Patrick Sercu). Additionally, Braun started in 44 (mostly German) six-day races, 4 to 6 per season, resulting in 11 wins, with Patrick Sercu (4 wins), René Pijnen (4×), Dietrich Thurau (2×) and Gert Frank (1×) and proving himself very well able to win these races when coupled with a top six-days rider.
In 2023, Braun was found guilty of child sexual abuse and sentenced to thirty-three months in prison
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# Elliot Grove
**Elliot Grove** is a Canadian-born film producer who founded both the Raindance Film Festival in 1993 and the British Independent Film Awards in 1998.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Growing up in a Mennonite household, Grove was unable to watch TV or films. At the age of 16, he watched his first film, *Lassie Comes Home,* and was subsequently \"hooked on cinema forever.\"
He followed up formal art school training at Central Technical School in Toronto with a series of jobs behind the scenes in the film industry.
## Career
In 1992, Grove founded Raindance Film Festival, a festival devoted to promoting independent filmmaking.
He also founded the Independent Film Trust, a charitable organization that empowers children facing disabilities or disadvantaged circumstances to express themselves through the art of filmmaking.
In July 2009, Grove was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Open University at Plymouth College of Art, in recognition of his contribution to education in independent film.
In December 2021, Grove received the Impact Award at the first ever British Short Film Awards.
### Production
Grove\'s production company operates under the Raindance banner. Upholding the ethos of Raindance, he wrote, produced and directed 1997\'s feature, *Table 5*, for just over £200
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# Lasse Marhaug
**Lasse Marhaug** (born 10 September 1974) is a Norwegian musician who primarily works in the field of noise music but frequently drifts into other areas such as improvisation, jazz, rock and extreme metal. Marhaug has also been involved in creating music for theatre, dance, art installations and video art. Active since the early 1990s, he has participated as a performer and composer on over 200 releases in CD, vinyl and cassette tape formats. He currently resides in Oslo.
Marhaug tours extensively, and is a frequent collaborator. He currently participates in the projects Nash Kontroll (with Mats Gustafsson and Dror Feiler), DEL, and Testicle Hazard. Defunct projects include Jazkamer/Jazzkammer, Origami Replika and Lasse Marhaug Band. Other collaborative partners include Tore Honoré Bøe, Marc Broude, Anla Courtis, Carlos Giffoni, John Hegre, Kommissar Hjuler und Frau, Merzbow, Paal Nilssen-Love, Nordvargr, Maja Ratkje, The Skull Defekts, Ronnie Sundin, Sunn O))), Ken Vandermark, Jon Wesseltoft, Runhild Gammelsæter, John Wiese, Jenny Hval and Kelly Lee Owens.
## History
In 2007, Norwegian newspaper Dagsavisen rated Marhaug\'s album *The Shape of Rock to Come* as number 19 on their list of the best albums in Norwegian history.
In 2011, he started publishing the fanzine *Personal Best* on his own publishing company Marhaug Forlag.
In 2013, PAN GU\'s *Primeval Man Born of the Cosmic Egg*, Marhaug\'s collaboration with The Observatory\'s Leslie Low, made it to SPIN\'s Top 20 Avant albums of 2013.
Marhaug currently runs the labels TWR Tapes and Pica Disk. He also runs Prisma Records with Lars Mørch Finborud which releases music performed at the Henie-Onstad Art Centre
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# Claire Garrood
**Claire Frances Garrood** (born 15 February 1988 in Rotorua) is a New Zealand cricketer who played three matches for the Northern Districts Spirit in the State League in 2002--03
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# Peter Vonhof
**Peter Vonhof** (born 15 January 1949) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer from Germany, who represented West Germany at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There he won the gold medal in the Men\'s Team Pursuit, alongside Gregor Braun, Hans Lutz and Günther Schumacher
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# Hans Lutz
**Hans Lutz** (born 31 March 1949) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer from Germany, who represented West Germany at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There he won the gold medal in the Men\'s Team Pursuit, alongside Gregor Braun, Peter Vonhof and Günther Schumacher. Four years earlier, when Munich hosted the Summer Olympics, he won the bronze medal in the Men\'s 4.000m Individual Pursuit.
Lutz has on the champion with the West Germany team four consecutive seasons: 1973, 1974 and 1975
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# Harewood (surname)
Harewood}}
**Harewood** is a surname
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# Jim Gerald
**Jim Gerald** (1 January 1891 -- 2 March 1971) born **James Fitzgerald** was an Australian comedian, circus clown, acrobat, writer, director and troupe leader and filmmaker. Theatre Historian Frank Van Straten has described Gerald as \"the quintessential clown\... \[with\] rubbery face\... and the loose-limbed body of an acrobat.\" He is generally cited as one of the leading post-World War I comedians to work the Australasian variety circuits, the others being Nat Phillips, Roy Rene, and George Wallace.
## Biography
Born at Darlington, New South Wales, Gerald was the seventh son of Stephen Australia Fitzgerald, a tailor turned actor, and his wife Mary Ann, née Ingram. In his youth Gerald reportedly played truant from school to learn from acrobats practising on the sandhills behind Centennial Park. Three of his brothers also went on the stage using the names \'Max Clifton\', \'Lance Vane\' and \'Cliff Stevens\'. In 1898 his father apprenticed him to Oscar Pagel, a strongman and acrobat. He subsequently toured South Africa, the Far East and North America with Pagel. Back in Australia by 1907, Gerald found employment with several circuses and was billed as \'Diabolo,\' \"the first man to loop the loop (inside a cage) on a motorcycle.\"
While still appearing in the circus industry, in 1907 he and two of his brothers, Lance Vane and Max Clifton, appeared in Charles MacMahon\'s *Robbery Under Arms* and in 1910 in another bushranger film *The Life and Adventures of John Vane, the Notorious Australian Bushranger,* directed by his father, S.A Fitzgerald.
Gerald\'s move into variety entertainment began in 1912 when he toured with his father\'s \"All Stars\" drama and vaudeville company as both comedian and acrobat. Clay Djubal suggests that after years of strenuous circus routines, his physical health may have necessitated the change. Later in 1912 he signed with Fullers\' Theatres vaudeville circuit and Djubal suggests his early turns were often \"comic routines that utilised his circus skills.\" In July 1913, while in New Zealand, he married fellow performer Essie Jennings (Esther Patience Futcher) and together they developed a highly popular knockabout comedy sketch act, appearing for Fullers in sketches such as \"The Actress and the Paperhanger.\" Whilst working for Stanley McKay in 1914, Gerald developed his irascible pantomime dame characters, for which he became famous.
Gerald joined the Australian Army in May 1916, serving in the Middle East until his discharge in 1918, when he returned to the Fuller circuit. With Jennings he wrote the sketch *The New Recruit* or *The Raw Recruit* which proved to be a popular favourite. Over the next ten years he wrote and performed, often with his own company in numerous revues around Australia. He visited the US for several months in mid 1928, but it is impossible to verify the claim that he made thirty silent films while in Hollywood. Djubal suggests he came back with two films, one of which he exhibited as part of his performances. Staging and lighting of his shows changed as a result of what he observed during the trip.
Van Straten has described his \"1935 attempt to conquer London\" as unsuccessful. He appeared at the Garrick Theatre in *Don\'t Spare the Horses* in late 1935, where, although his skills as a comedian were acknowledged, reviews were mixed. He returned to Australia in May 1936. In the later 1930s, he became involved in radio, signing a contract with the Australian Broadcasting Commission in 1939.
In 1940 he rejoined the Australian Army, being given the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and put in charge of the Entertainment Unit being set up to service troops in the Middle East. Michael Pate recalled Gerald\'s considerable ability as an organiser and producer in his history of Wartime Australian entertainment. Gerard chose performers \"from the old school he knew best, \[from\] vaudeville and the musical stage.\" Following a recurrence of malaria he returned to Australia in October 1942 and returned to variety. Van Straten notes that after the war he also tried his hand at farce and drama.
He continued to perform in revues and variety until the 1960s, and was present when the Tivoli Theatre, Melbourne closed in 1966. After retiring from the stage Gerald moved to Rosebud, Victoria. He died there on 2 March 1971, Essie having predeceased him in 1969.
Djubal cites a reviewer for the Brisbane Courier who attempted to define Gerard\'s style of comedy in 1927: \"The reason for Mr Gerald\'s success is not hard to find. His comedy does not depend upon knock-about antics\...Jim Gerald\'s comedy is the outcome of a whimsical humour of his own\... Such comedy playing is a gift, it is born in a man
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# Roman Kratochvíl
**Roman Kratochvíl** (born 24 June 1974) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays for his hometown club Inter Bratislava. He has also played for the Turkish League teams Denizlispor and Konyaspor.
In September 2009, having failed to secure a new contract and suffering from a chronic groin injury he decided to end his professional career.
Kratochvíl returned to football in 2010, when he joined his former team Inter Bratislava, then playing in the sixth tier of the Slovakian league system. The team currently competes in 3. liga Bratislava, the third tier in the Slovakian league system.
## International career {#international_career}
Kratochvíl made his international debut for Slovakia on 3 March 1999 in a friendly game against Bulgaria.
### International goal {#international_goal}
: *Score and result list Slovakia\'s goal tally first.*
\# Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
----- -------------- --------------------------- ---------- ------- -------- ----------------
1\
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# Bob Herman (cricketer)
**Robert Stephen Herman** (born 30 November 1946) is a former English cricketer who played County Cricket for Middlesex from 1965 to 1971 and Hampshire from 1972 to 1977. He played in South Africa for Border in 1972/3 and for Griqualand West in 1974/5. He also played in the Minor Counties Championship for Dorset in 1978 and 1979.
Between 1979 and 1982, he umpired 61 first-class cricket matches. He then took up teaching.
Herman was born at Southampton in Hampshire. His father, Lofty Herman, also played for Hampshire
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