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# Type 80/88 main battle tank
The **Type 80** (`{{zh|c=80式|p=BālíngShì}}`{=mediawiki}) and the **Type 88** (`{{zh|c=88式|p=Bābāshì}}`{=mediawiki}) are a family of Chinese second-generation main battle tanks (MBTs). They are also known as the **ZTZ80** and **ZTZ88**.
## History
In the 1970s China\'s primary MBT in service was the Type 59, a licensed copy of the T-54 medium tank which was obsolete compared to contemporary Soviet and Western designs. The People\'s Liberation Army (PLA) thus requested new tanks that could match Soviet designs, which led to the development of the Type 69 medium tank that had new technology such as a laser rangefinder and two-plane stabilization. However, the Type 69 failed to satisfy PLA requirements and was only an export success that saw limited domestic service. Even then, the Type 69 was barely able to meet export requirements. Further tank development commenced which would lead to the Type 80 and Type 90 prototypes.
### Type 80 and Type 85 development {#type_80_and_type_85_development}
The Type 80 began development in 1978, building upon the foundation that was laid during the development of the Type 69 tank. Development took place in Factory 617 and Institute 201, Factory 447 and 616 were also involved. It was the first Chinese tank to be classified as a \"Main Battle Tank\". The Type 80 was a prototype which did not enter production but was the basis of improved variants such as the Type 80-I, Type 80-II and Type 85, creating a family of MBTs. The Type 80 used the turret from the Type 79 MBT but with a thickened turret front.
The Type 80-II was a prototype intended for foreign export but was unable to garner interest among foreign buyers. When sent overseas for trials, the Type 80-II\'s engine failed to perform satisfactorily. In a trial between the Type 80-II and the AMX-32, the Type 80-II required 8 hours to change its engine, while the AMX-32 only required an hour. This spurred Norinco\'s engineers to develop a brand-new export tank on the Type 80 chassis. They did this by mating a newly designed welded turret to the Type 80 chassis, in contrast to the original cast turret of the Type 80. Due to export restrictions, the Chinese were unable to use an imported 105mm gun on the Type 85 tank. This led to the development of the first locally designed 105mm gun. This was marketed as the \"Storm\" series of main battle tanks and later named the Type 85 domestically. However, the first Storm tanks also failed to gather interest among potential buyers. This led to further upgrades in the Type 85 to its engine from 730 hp to 800 hp and changing to a semi-auto transmission. This upgraded Type 85 would eventually be designated the Type 85-II/Storm-II. The Type 85-II would catch the interest of the Pakistani government and was finally exported under the designation Type 85-IIAP or Type 85-IIM. While the Type 85 should have been named the Type 88 by its year of development, it was eventually decided that it would be retroactively named the Type 85 due to its more dated specifications.
### Type 88 development {#type_88_development}
None of the Type 80 prototypes entered domestic service.
The Type 80 variant that entered PLA service was designated the Type 88. Visually resembled the Type 80-II. Improved variants known as the Type 88B and Type 88A later entered service. Both variants of the tank employed the same chassis and round turret but had differences in their firepower and fire control system and the ability to mount explosive reactive armour (ERA).
The Type 85-III was designated the Type 88C for domestic production. The Type 88C was renamed as the Type 96 and further upgraded in the 1990s and 2000s.
As of 2021, the Type 88A is still in active PLA service.
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# Type 80/88 main battle tank
## Design
### Overview
The chief engineer of the Type 80 was Fang Wei Xian, who also designed the Type 69 and Type 90 tank families.
The Type 80 inherited the design philosophy of the Type 69/79 which combined a Soviet-style chassis and turret with Western technology. Like the Type 69 series, the initial Type 80 design possessed a hemispherical turret similar to the T-54/55. Another similarity was that the driver sat in the left forward section of the hull. However, the Type 80 used a licence-built L7 rifled gun instead of the Soviet 100 mm rifled gun.
The Type 80 family marked a number of firsts for Chinese tanks. Beginning from the Type 85, they were the first Chinese tanks to use a welded turret, allowing it to make use of composite armor. It was also the first tank to use six road wheels instead of five for a smoother ride at higher speeds. The Type 80 was the first Chinese tank to have applique composite armour. This was later integrated into the turret in the Type 85. Type 85-III was the first Chinese tank to use both composite armor (in its turret) and explosive reactive armour (ERA).
The Type 85-I (Storm-1) series had a new welded turret design that was angular instead of the familiar bowl-shape. The Type 85IIAP/M was the first tank in the series to be equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore gun.
### Armaments
Type 80 served as a testbed for the imported ZPL-79 105 mm rifled gun. On Type 88 and Type 88B, the main armament is a dual-axis stabilized ZPL-83 and ZPL-83A 105 mm rifled gun with a fume extractor at its midway point. On Type 88A, the main gun is replaced by a longer, 62-caliber ZPL-94, offering longer range, higher accuracy, and capability to launch laser-guided gun-launched missiles. The main gun has an elevation of -5 to 18 degrees and electronic turret drive of 20°/s for horizontal control and 6°/s for vertical. The main gun on Type 80 is loaded manually, and has a rate of fire approximately 7 rounds per minute. On Type 88B, a form of assist loader is introduced for quicker and easier reload operations with reportedly 13 rounds per minute maximum rate of fire.
Secondary armaments for all variants are the same, including one Type 59 12.7 mm heavy machine gun mounted on the turret roof, and one Type 59 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun. The Type 80 and Type 88 can store 44 rounds of ammunition for the main gun. On Type 88B and Type 88A, the tank features redesigned ammo racks with 48 rounds of ammunition. The 12.7 mm heavy machine gun has 300 rounds of ammo, while the coaxial machine gun has 2250 rounds.
### Electronics
The Type 80 tank is equipped with laser rangefinder, digital ballistic computer, power supply, target angle measurement sensor, velocity measurement sensor, and gun positioning sensor. The driver periscope and gunner sight is fitted with passive night vision device (1st generation), daylight periscopes. The commander is fitted with one rotating periscope and four additional observation periscopes. The driver and loader have their own periscopes. The commander can override the turret direction. Type 80-I replaced the external laser rangefinder with an integrated multi-function gunner sight. The gunner sight was upgraded to second generation passive night vision.
The Type 88 tank features improved Type 37A fire control system. Type 37A features integrated gunner sight with daylight optics, passive night vision channel, and laser range finder. The daylight emergency sight from Type 80 is kept at its original location. The new fire control system has improved ballistic computer, new radio communication system, dual-axis stabilizer, self-diagnosis software, and second generation passive night-vision device for driver and gunner.
The Type 88B and Type 88A tanks are equipped with improved ISFCS-212 fire control system, with driver, gunner and commander all have access to 2nd generation passive night vision devices. The gunner sight is stabilized. Type 88A and later batches of Type 88B had its gunner sight replaced by thermal imagining devices. The fire control computer of Type 88B and Type 88A allows the commander to acquire and engage enemy target through the optical periscope mounted on the commander\'s hatch.
### Protection
Starting from Type 80, the tank is protected by composite armor plates are mounted on the vehicle frontal chassis and composite rubber/metal side armor skirts. The turret of Type 80/88 is still made of rolled homogeneous armour, with the exception being Type 85 series, which is constructed with welded turret and composite armor layers.
Original prototype of Type 80 had cut out on the frontal cast turret for gunner observation sight, similar to Type 59 tank. This was removed in Type 80-I and Type 88 models with roof-mounted periscopes and fire control sights.
All versions of the Type 80/85/88 tanks are fitted with thermal suppression camouflage paint, collective NBC protection system, air filtration and ventilation system, automatic fire/after-effect suppression system, and 2 sets of four 76mm smoke grenade dischargers.
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# Type 80/88 main battle tank
## Design
### Mobility
Type 80 and Type 88 tank are powered by 12150ZL diesel engine developing 730 hp (537 kW). The maximum road speed is 57 km/h and average off-road speed is 32 km/h. The power-to-weight ratio is about 18.9 hp/ton. The transmission has 5 forward gears and 1 reverse gear. It has a maximum cruising range of 500 km and can negotiate a gradient of 61% and side slope of 58%. It can cross a vertical obstacle of 0.8 m and trench of 2.7m.
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# Type 80/88 main battle tank
## Variants
In Chinese tank development, the \"M\" or \"II\" in the designation typically represents a variant primarily intended for export. Tanks for domestic use will have their own Type designation or the \"I\" suffix as explained below.
### Type 80 {#type_80}
**Type 80/Type 80-I**
Prototype Chinese second generation tank design which did not enter production. Uses an older-style round steel cast turret with new chassis. Four-man crew. Came with NBC protection. The vehicle served as a testbed for the imported ZPL-79 105mm rifled gun. Main difference between Type 80 and Type 80-I was in the fire control system with the original range finding laser mounted on the gun mantlet incorporated into the tank commander\'s gun sight.
**Type 80-II**
Type 80 developed for export purposes. Type 80-II had new 12150ZL(G) engine developing 790 hp (588 kW), new transmission, air ventilation system, improved vehicle radio system and thermal smoke generator.
### Type 85/Storm {#type_85storm}
**Type 85-I**
Type 80-II chassis with welded turret. Also known as Storm-I. Had a 730 hp engine.
**Type 85-II**
Type 80/88 chassis with welded turret. Also known as Storm-II. Featured a locally developed ZPL-94 105mm gun, 800 hp engine and semi-automatic transmission.
**Type 85-IIA/M**
Upgraded variant of the Type 85-II/Storm-2 to suit Pakistan\'s specifications. The 105mm gun was changed to a 125 mm smooth bore gun with an autoloader. The original four man crew was reduced to a three man crew. Pakistan had originally wanted a 1000 hp engine, but this was not available in China at the time. Export designation to Pakistan was **Type 85-IIM** or **Type 85-IIAP** (The \"P\" standing for \"Pakistan\").
**Type 85-III**
Developed in 1993. Upgrade for the Storm-II/Type 85-IIM with 1000 hp engine, ERA, improved FCS, and thermal night sight. It used the transmission from the T-72 tank. In 1994, when China competed against the Ukrainian T-84 for export to a tropical country, the Type 85-III performed better but suffered a higher number of faults and was thus not chosen.
**Type-85UG**
Pakistani upgraded version of the Type-85IIA. Upgrades include ability to fire NAIZA-DU & APFSDS-T rounds along with Ukrainian Kombat ATGMs. Moreover, it features new LRF ballistic computers and fire-control systems and a Solid-State autoloader made by `{{citation|url=https://carepvtltd.com/home.html|title=CARE}}`{=mediawiki}. The sights of the tank commander, gunner & driver were also replaced with newer ones made by Thales.
### Type 88 {#type_88}
**Type 88**
Type 88 was the first design of the Type 88 series. This variant never went into mass production.
**Type 88B**
Despite the name, Type 88B was the first mass-produced Type 88 variant. The Type 80 underwent further development and was accepted into PLA service in 1988, hence its designation was changed to Type 88. It was mounted with ZPL-83A 105mm gun which could fire all 105mm NATO gun ammunition.
**Type 88A**
Later variant of the Type 88B. Distinguished from Type 88B by type of 105 mm gun mounted. The Type 88A mounts a 62 caliber ZPL-94 105mm gun that is longer than the NATO L7 cannon and is capable of firing ATGMs.
#### Type 88C {#type_88c}
Type 85-III produced for domestic service in the PLA. Uses an angular welded turret. Armed with a 125 mm ZPT-98 smoothbore gun with an autoloader. Equipped with JSFCS-212 fire control system (FCS) (with laser rangefinder, ballistics computer, stabilized gunner\'s sight and dual-axis gun stabilization), and Type 889B radio with range of up to 30 km. Later renamed to Type 96.
<File:Type> 88 tanks 01.jpg\|Type 88A tanks <File:Storm-1> Tank 20131004.JPG\|Storm-1/Type 85-I. Prototype designation for export. Never mass-produced. Welded turret on Type 80 chassis. <File:Chinese> Type 85-IIM Tank.jpg\|Type 85-IIM variant with 125mm gun <File:Chinese> Type 85-ІІІ Tank.jpg\|Type 85-ІІІ
## Operators
`{{CHN}}`{=mediawiki}:
300 Type 88A/B `{{as_of|2020|lc=y}}`{=mediawiki}.
`{{PAK}}`{=mediawiki}:
268 Type 85-IIAP `{{as_of|2024|lc=y}}`{=mediawiki}. Being Upgraded to Type-85UG/T-85UG standards.
`{{SUD}}`{=mediawiki}:
10 Type 85-II-M (local designation **Al-Bashir**) `{{as_of|2020|lc=y}}`{=mediawiki}.
`{{UGA}}`{=mediawiki}:
\~5 Type 85-II-M received in 2008
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| 3 |
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# Georgi Obretenov
**Georgi Tihov Obretenov** (*Георги Тихов Обретенов*) was a Bulgarian revolutionary, best known for his participation in the April Uprising of 1876.
## Biography
Georgi Obretenov, the youngest son of Tonka Obretenova, was born after 1849. He studied in the class school in Rousse, and afterwards helped his father with his business in the village of Isakcha in Northern Dobruja. In the spring of 1870 Georgi was admitted to the junker school in Odessa.
In order to take part in setting the ground for the Stara Zagora uprising of 1875, he returned to Rousse, and joined the preparations of a detachment\'s in Veliko Tarnovo. After the uprising\'s failure, he moved to Romania.
The revolutionary committee in Giurgiu estimated Georgi Obretenov\'s training and sent him to the region of Sliven as a military instructor and as an assistant apostle to Ilarion Dragostinov. Along with the weapons, Obretenov brought to Sliven some revolutionary proclamations, by-laws, a flag, and the inspiring poetry of Hristo Botev and Stefan Stambolov.
Dragostinov and Obretenov chose different routes to Sliven. Dragostinov travelled through Svishtov and Arbanasi, in order to bid farewell to his parents and relatives. Obretenov\'s route was through Rousse. After passing the Balkan Mountains, he stayed in Tvarditsa at priest Stefan\'s, and hid the dangerous luggage in the altar of the local church. Then, he set off to the village of Korten to visit Georgi Kolev, the leader of the local revolutionary committee, with whose help he hid the items he carried in a wheat cart, and they both arrived in Sliven.
The coming of the two gave new impulse to the preparations in Sliven, though they didn\'t manage to reach consensus with local activists in terms of tactics. The locals\' plan was to adopt a course of preparation of detachments, who were to operate in the Balkan Mountains, without exciting a revolt in town. This viewpoint dominated, and put an imprint the overall preparatory work, and later on the range and power of the uprising throughout the Sliven region.
The military instructor, Georgi Obretenov, brought to Sliven modern guns, having issued directions about arms before departing from Giurgiu. He wrote that every rebel had to possess a revolver with 200 bullets, a gun with 250 bullets, and a knife. Furthermore, each of them was to provide two cartridge-boxes for the bullets. Undoubtedly, Obrevenov strived for imposing those requirements on everyone in the Second Revolutionary Region. Concerning military action, he gave oral instructions without leaving anything on paper. There is information that the leaders of the Sliven revolutionary committee took care to supply modern guns from Romania. They grew funds from the rebels\' voluntary donations.
Obretenov brought to Sliven a flag sewn by his sisters Petrana and Anastasia. Therefore, Sliven revolutionaries considered it unnecessary to prepare their own flag.
The leaders of the rebel group, gathered on \"Kush Bunar\"---Ilarion Dragostinov, Stoil Voyvoda, Georgi Obretenov, and Georgi Drazhev---decided to execute the adopted plan for touring the Balkan villages in the vicinity of Kotel and exciting a revolt, despite the small number of rebels.
Attempting to go back for food through Neykovo, the detachment were confronted by bashi-bazouks, regular army, and cherkez cavalry. On their way back, they fought, and Obretenov was fatally wounded in the battle. On 10 May 1876, realizing that, he committed suicide
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# Perth Thundersticks
The **Perth Thundersticks** are an Australian professional hockey club based in Perth, Western Australia. The club was established in 2019, and is one of 7 established to compete in Hockey Australia\'s new premier domestic competition, Hockey One.
The club is intended to unify men\'s and women\'s by combining teams under one name, unlike Western Australia\'s former representation in the Australian Hockey League as the WA Thundersticks (men) and WA Diamonds (women).
Perth Thundersticks will compete for the first time in the inaugural season of Hockey One, which will be contested from late September through to mid November 2019.
## History
Perth Thundersticks, along with six other teams, was founded on 17 April 2019 as part of Hockey Australia\'s development of hockey.
While this club was established in April 2019, the Perth Thundersticks have competed at a national level in the past. Before transitioning to their current name, the WA Thundersticks, the team previously competed under the name Perth Thundersticks until 2001.
## Uniform
The club colours are WA\'s traditional colours, black, gold and white.
-- --
-- --
## Home stadium {#home_stadium}
Perth Thundersticks are based out of the Perth Hockey Stadium in Western Australia\'s capital city, Perth. The stadium has a capacity of 6,000 spectators.
Throughout the Hockey One league, Perth Thundersticks will play a number of home games at the stadium.
## Teams
### Men\'s team {#mens_team}
*Details and team rosters to be confirmed.*
### Women\'s team {#womens_team}
The following players were named in the women\'s squad for the 2023 season
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# Sodom, Ontario
**Sodom**, Ontario, was a small Canadian logging industry-based community that existed in the last quarter of the 19th and first half of the 20th century. It was located on the boundary between the present day municipalities of South Huron and Bluewater, Ontario, Canada, on Dashwood Road approximately 500 meters west of the present-day intersection of Dashwood Road and Ausable Line, at the point at which Dashwood Road bridges the Ausable River. The original site of the community is now occupied by South Huron and Bluewater.
## History
Sodom began in 1873 when two local businessmen constructed a sawmill. Thomas Greenway, a future Premier of Manitoba Province, formed a partnership with Robert Bissett for the enterprise, which was at first inadvertently built on land reserved for road construction, and had to be relocated to the west side of the Ausable River, south of Dashwood Road. The mill was situated in a densely forested old growth stand of hardwood trees in an area known as Hay Swamp. In 1877 the mill and surrounding property were sold to brothers Samuel and Silas Stanlake.
Expansion required the construction of a group of small houses to accommodate the growing number of employees and their families. A number of social organizations developed in the community, including a glee club, which performed at local events. A one-room school was constructed, the name of which was recorded as \"U.S.S. (United School Section) #13 Hay \[township\] and Stephen \[township\], Sodom School\". The school was located on the north side of Dashwood Road and east of the river. Regular church services and a Sunday school existed in private homes in the community, as well as a chapter of the Royal Templars of Temperance, which promoted complete abstinence from all alcoholic beverages, in the context of the temperance movement. The group hosted a district council meeting for the organization in 1896 in a nearby orchard. Public school inspector Elgin G. Tom, a resident of Goderich, Ontario, was the president of the regional district council of the organization.
## Origin of the name {#origin_of_the_name}
The term \"Sodom\" has come to refer to \"A place well known for vice and corruption\". The community is believed to have received its name from a local 19th-century school official named Chester Prouty who, in the midst of the Temperance Movement, objected to what he saw as the community\'s overconsumption of alcohol and the wild partying that followed.
## Final years {#final_years}
As local timber availability dwindled during the first quarter of the 20th century, the community began to dissolve and the site was largely converted to agricultural use. A tragedy occurred on June 2, 1923, when the home of Silas Stanlake was destroyed by fire and six people perished in the blaze. Education records indicate that the school was in operation until at least 1937
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# Denise Vega
**Denise Vega** is an author of young-adult novels and of children\'s picture books and a faculty member at Regis University. Her debut novel, *Click Here : (To Find Out How I Survived Seventh Grade)*, was released in December 2007 by Little, Brown.
## Education
She has a bachelor\'s degree in film and television from the University of California, Los Angeles and a master of education degree from Harvard University.
## Career
In the 1990s, Vega, who lives in Denver, Colorado, wrote how-to HTML, word-processing, and internet help books for kids, including, *Learning The Internet For Kids: A Voyage of Internet Treasures* and *Learning Word Processing For Kids*, released by DDC Publishing.
Her debut novel, *Click Here*, which was written from the point of view of a seventh-grader, was included in the 2012 London Book Fair.
Her other works include short stories and poems, such as \"Jacinta\'s Zoo\" in *Spider* magazine in April 2004, the poem \"Tortillas\" for *Ladybug* magazine in July 2004, \"Eva\'s Eggflip\" for *Highlights for Children Magazine* in December 2003 --- where was selected as Author of the Month for the \"Eva\'s Egglip\" story, \"Abuelita\'s Ear\" for *Pockets* magazine in March 2002.
She also has written science-related articles for Discovery Channel School\'s series of Student Activity Books.
Her first effort at writing a book, titled *The Laziness Of Peter Rabbit*, was written when she was 12 years old for her younger sister, Cheryl, who was six. The book was made of construction paper, bound with yarn, and used her own illustrations.
*303 Magazine* described her work as including \"characters on their path towards adulthood from two of her books, *Rock On* and *Click Here*.\" *Rock On*, released in 2012 by Little, Brown Books for Young Readers. The characters in *Access Denied (and other eighth grade error messages,)* cope with adolescence.
Vega teaches a master\'s fine arts creating writing court at Regis University.
## Reception
*School Library Journal*, in its March 2017 \"Popular Picks\" review of *If Your Monster Won\'t Go to Bed*, wrote, \"A superb example of picture book collaboration, this appealing title will be popular in most collections.\"
*Kirkus Reviews* wrote in its review of *Click This*, \"AOL-speak is too occasional and therefore jarring, but the blog segments and first-person narration are immediate and funny.\"
*Publishers Weekly* reviewed five of her titles, including *Click This*, *The Secret Blog of Raisin Rodriguez*, *Rock On*, *Access Denied*, *If Your Monster Won't Go to Bed* and *Grandmother, Have the Angels Come?* (illustrated by Erin Eitter Kono,), commenting that her young \"readers will be too busy giggling to go to sleep.\"
## Awards
In 2006, Vega\'s *Click Here* made New York Public Library Books for the Teen Age\'s Best Books list.
In 2008, *Click Here* was a Louisiana Young Readers\' Choice Award finalist.
*Rock On* was a 2013 Colorado Book Awards Finalist
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# New South Wales Waratahs (field hockey)
+:-------------------:+
| |
+---------------------+
| **Nickname** |
+---------------------+
| **Association** |
+---------------------+
| **Coach** |
+---------------------+
| **Assistant Coach** |
+---------------------+
| **Home Ground** |
+---------------------+
| |
+---------------------+
| -- -- |
| |
| -- -- |
+---------------------+
: style=\"font-size: larger; margin-left: 1em;\"\|**NSW Waratahs**
The **Waratahs** are a men\'s Australian field hockey team, representing New South Wales in the Australian Hockey League, they play at the Sydney Olympic Park Hockey Centre
| 80 |
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| 0 |
11,082,060 |
# Perdita (The Winter's Tale)
**Perdita** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɜr|d|ɪ|t|ə}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Respell|PER|di-tə}}`{=mediawiki}) is one of the heroines of William Shakespeare\'s play *The Winter\'s Tale*. She is the daughter of Leontes, King of Sicily, and his wife Hermione.
## The Winter\'s Tale {#the_winters_tale}
Perdita was very small when she was thrown into prison, where her father had sent her mother because he wrongly believes she has been unfaithful to him. Paulina takes the baby to Leontes to try to convince him that the baby is his daughter, but he refuses to believe it, even with the striking similarity between the two. Instead, he thinks that she is the result of an affair between Hermione and Polixenes, King of Bohemia. He sends Antigonus to leave the infant Perdita in a remote place; Antigonus leaves her on the seacoast of Bohemia.
In a dream, Hermione appears to Antigonus and tells him to name her child Perdita, which means \"the lost one\" in Latin and, in Italian, \"loss\". He takes pity on her, but is chased away and eaten by a bear. Luckily, a shepherd living nearby stumbles upon her. He finds Perdita and also takes the box that Paulina had left with Antigonus. It contains jewels and a note and some money, for Paulina knew that if someone found Perdita, they would need an explanation. Perdita is brought back to the shepherd\'s house and is raised by the shepherd as his own daughter, along with his son.
Early in the play, Perdita is described as being a beauty of conception. Sixteen years later, Perdita has grown into a beautiful young woman, unaware of her royal heritage. Prince Florizel, the prince of Bohemia, falls in love with her and plans to marry her. His father, however, disapproves of the marriage and threatens the couple, so they flee to Sicilia with the help of Camillo. Prince Florizel disguises himself as a merchant in order to be able to see Perdita.
Later on, it is revealed that Perdita is the princess of Sicily, and Perdita is reunited with her father and mother. She had lived her life thinking she was one person, and found out she was another. She had only known the life of a simple girl. Leontes and Polixines reconcile, and both approve of Florizel and Perdita\'s marriage. It is assumed that Florizel and Perdita live happily ever after
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| 0 |
11,082,061 |
# Queensland Blades
The **Queensland Blades** are a men\'s Australian field hockey team, representing Queensland in the Australian Hockey League.
The Blades have been the most successful team to play in recent years. Their home ground is the State Hockey Centre at Colmslie in Brisbane, Queensland.
They have also competed under the name Brisbane Baldes. And between the years 1993--2000, Queensland also provided a second team in the National Competition, the North Queensland Barras.
The team were champions in the 2007 AHL final played in Perth, Western Australia on 1 April 2007, beating the WA Thundersticks.
In 2010 the Queensland Blades defeated the New South Wales Waratahs in the AHL final to win the championship.
They have since also won the 2012, 2013 and 2015 editions
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| 0 |
11,082,075 |
# Günther Schumacher
**Günther Schumacher** (born 27 June 1949) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer born in East Germany, who was a professional rider from 1977 to 1984. He twice represented West Germany at the Summer Olympics (1972 and 1976), and won the gold medal on both occasions in the Men\'s Team Pursuit
| 56 |
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| 0 |
11,082,081 |
# Pierre Favre (musician)
**Pierre Favre** (born 2 June 1937) is a Swiss jazz drummer and percussionist born in Le Locle, Switzerland.
He recorded the album *Singing Drums* (ECM, 1984) with Paul Motian and Nana Vasconcelos. He also appears on the John Surman album, *Such Winters of Memory* (1983). He has recorded with several well-known musicians, including Tamia, Michel Godard, Mal Waldron, Paul Giger, Jiří Stivín, Michel Portal, Samuel Blaser, the ARTE Quartett, and Barre Phillips.
## Career
### 1964--1970: Paiste
At the 1964 Paiste drummer meeting in Frankfurt, Pierre met the Paiste brothers who invited him to visit their factory in Nottwil. Since Pierre has always been interested in cymbals, he was most enthusiastic about accepting their invitation. The Paiste brothers were so impressed with his keen interest and attentive attitude, they offered him a position on their staff to take care of the most important task: cymbal development, quality control and to establish an education/drummer service dept. Pierre left Paiste as a full-time employee in 1970 and was replaced by Fredy Studer.
## Select discography {#select_discography}
### As leader {#as_leader}
- *Pierre Favre Quartet* (Wergo)
- *Santana* (FMP)
- *Pierre Favre European Chamber Ensemble* (Intakt)
- *Singing Drums* (ECM 1984)
- *Window Steps* (ECM, 1996)
- *Fleuve* (ECM, 2006)
### As sideman {#as_sideman}
**With Irène Schweizer**
- *Irène Schweizer & Pierre Favre* (Intakt)
- *Portrait* (Intakt)
- *Ulrichsberg* (Intakt)
**With Samuel Blaser**
- *Vol à Voile* (Intakt, 2010)
- *Same Place, Another Time* (Blaser Music, 2022)
**With Philipp Schaufelberger**
- *Albatros* (Intakt, 2010)
**With John Surman**
- *Such Winters of Memory* (ECM, 1982)
- *Upon Reflection*
**With Tamia**
- *De La Nuit\...Le Jour* (ECM, 1988)
- *Solitudes* (ECM, 1991)
**With Manfred Schoof**
- *European Echoes* (FMP)
**With Michel Godard**
- *Saxophones* (Intakt)
- *Castel Del Monte* (Enja)
- *Deux* (Altrisuoni)
**With Jiří Stivín**
- *Výlety* (Supraphon)
- *Excursions II Twenty Years After* (P&J Music)
**With Joe McPhee**
- *Topology* (Hat Hut, 1981)
**With Michel Portal**
- *Splendid Yzlment* (CBS)
**With Barre Phillips**
- *Music by\..
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# SMW Beat the Champ Television Championship
The **SMW \"Beat the Champ\" Television Championship** was the secondary singles championship for the Smoky Mountain Wrestling (SMW) professional wrestling promotion. The title was created in 1992 and was active until SMW closed on November 26, 1995. The storyline concept of the title was that the champion would defend his title every week against a \"randomly drawn\" opponent. For each successful defense of the belt, the wrestler won \$1,000, and if the champion could win five title matches in a row, including the title win, then the title was vacated and the champion received a \$5,000 bonus. In reality, the opponents were predetermined, and the winner never received the bonus. Moreover, the title was never represented by a belt
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# Great Eastern Pingo Trail
**Great Eastern Pingo Trail** is 9.2 km long footpath along a disused railway line north of Thetford in Norfolk. It is a 4.2 ha Local Nature Reserve, and it crosses three Sites of Special Scientific Interest, Thompson Water, Carr and Common, Breckland Forest and Cranberry Rough, Hockham. It also crosses Thompson Common, which is a nature reserve managed by the Norfolk Wildlife Trust and is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I. It further crosses Norfolk Valley Fens Special Area of Conservation and Breckland Special Protection Area.
This site has around 300 pingos, shallow pools formed when ice melted at the end of the last ice age. There is a mosaic of habitats with a large lake, Thompson Water, at the western end
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# Denying Firearms and Explosives to Dangerous Terrorists Act of 2007
The **Denying Firearms and Explosives to Dangerous Terrorists Act of 2007**, Senate Bill 1237, was a proposed item of legislation requested by United States Attorney General Alberto Gonzales and introduced in the United States Senate by New Jersey Senator Frank Lautenberg which would have permitted the Attorney General to deny the right to purchase weapons to persons who have been identified by the administration as dangerous terrorists. The proposal led to criticism from gun rights advocates concerned by the uncertain criteria by which names end up on various terror watch lists such as the U.S. No Fly List
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# M-63 Plamen
**M-63 Plamen** (from *translation=flame*) is a 128mm multiple rocket launcher developed in 1963 in Yugoslavia for use in the Yugoslav People\'s Army.
## Development
Serbian Prof. Obrad Vučurović, mechanical engineer at the Military Technical Institute was project manager and chief engineer of development of the M-63 Plamen and all other Yugoslavia MLRS until breakdown of country when he continued to develop for Serbia M96 Orkan 2. His knowledge and previous development has influenced new MLRS systems developed in Serbia in last couple of years including new 150 km long range MLRS which is in project phase of development. His work is widely acknowledged and many of his unique developed features could be found on MLRS around world.
MRL M-63 Plamen main purpose is support of front-line units, with strong and sudden attacks on enemy forces. It can be also used against enemy structures such as encampments, airfields, industrial facilities, command centers, communication centers, storehouses, etc.
The M-63 Plamen consists of 32 Ø128mm tubes, which can fire original Plamen-A and Plamen B rockets with a range of 8,600m. The effect of each rocket on the target is equivalent to the effect of a 105mm artillery shell. All 32 rockets can be fired in either 6.4, 12.5 or 19.2 seconds. The launcher is mounted on a single axle trailer which can be towed by vehicles with an 800mm high tow hitch. The towing vehicle carries reserve rockets, so the battle complement is 64 missiles.
The M-63 Plamen was widely used during the Yugoslav Wars. It has also been sighted in the Syrian Civil War, used by rebel fighters under the Free Syrian Army. It\'s believed that Croatian weapons, including RAK-12 launchers were supplied by Saudi Arabia. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Croatian RAK-12s were delivered to the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in 2023, and also saw use with the Azov Brigade of the National Guard of Ukraine in December 2024.
## Variants
- **M-63 Plamen** -- Original towed 32-tube 128 mm multiple rocket launcher. Uses Plamen-A and Plamen-B rockets (with a range of 8,600 m).
- **`{{vanchor |M-94 Plamen-S}}`{=mediawiki}** -- Launcher mounted on a TAM 6x6 truck chassis for greater tactical mobility and allowing it to shoot-and-scoot, increasing survivability. In addition to 32 rockets in the ready-to-launch position, the Plamen-S also carries a rack with 16 rockets. The system features two hydraulic stabilizers to provide a more stable firing platform and can be readied to fire its rockets in 30 seconds. The Plamen-S can fire standard ammunition or extended-range rockets with a range of 13000 m.
- **`{{vanchor |RAK-12}}`{=mediawiki}** -- Croatian built version with twelve 128 mm tubes, enabling weapon to be towed by lighter vehicles like Jeeps. The launcher fires two types of rockets: M91 (range 8,500 m) and M93 (range 13,000 m). The Croatian Army operates eight RAK-12 MRLs with some 60 held in reserve.
- **`{{vanchor |LOV RAK-24}}`{=mediawiki}** -- Self-propelled multiple rocket launcher with twenty-four 128 mm pipes. The MRL is mounted on Croatian-made light armored personnel carrier LOV
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# Galatea, or Pygmalion Reversed
***Galatea, or Pygmalion Re-Versed*** is a musical burlesque that parodies the Pygmalion legend, and specifically W. S. Gilbert\'s 1871 play *Pygmalion and Galatea*. The libretto was written by Henry Pottinger Stephens and W. Webster. The score was composed by Wilhelm Meyer Lutz.
The work was premiered at the Gaiety Theatre, London on 26 December 1883. It starred Nellie Farren and Edward Terry.
## Background
This type of work, Victorian burlesque, was popular in Britain in the late 19th century. Other examples include *The Bohemian G-yurl and the Unapproachable Pole* (1877), *Blue Beard* (1882), *Ariel* (1883, by F. C. Burnand), *Little Jack Sheppard* (1885), *Monte Cristo Jr.* (1886), *Miss Esmeralda* (1887), *Frankenstein, or The Vampire\'s Victim* (1887), *Faust up to Date* (1888), *Ruy Blas and the Blasé Roué* (1888), *Carmen up to Data* (1890), and *Cinder Ellen up too Late* (1891). Gilbert himself had written a series of burlesques of opera early in his career, including *Robert the Devil* (1868), which was the Gaiety\'s first burlesque.
John Hollingshead had managed the Gaiety Theatre from 1868 to 1886 as a venue for variety, continental operetta, light comedy, and numerous musical burlesques arranged by the theatre\'s music director, Wilhelm Meyer Lutz. Hollingshead called himself a \"licensed dealer in legs, short skirts, French adaptations, Shakespeare, taste and musical glasses.\" In 1886, Hollingshead ceded the management of the theatre to George Edwardes, whom he had hired in 1885. Nellie Farren, as the theatre\'s \"principal boy\", and Fred Leslie starred at the Gaiety for over 20 years. In the early 1890s, as burlesque went out of fashion, Edwardes changed the focus of the theatre from musical burlesque to the new genre of Edwardian musical comedy.
*Galatea or Pygmalion Re-Versed* is a parody of W.S. Gilbert\'s blank verse romantic play *Pygmalion and Galatea*. *The Morning Post* described the piece as \"A short burlesque of Mr. Gilbert\'s classic drama in which Miss Mary Anderson is now delighting the public at the Lyceum.\" It was the second item in a double bill with the three-act comedy *The Rocket* by Arthur Wing Pinero. Songs arranged or composed for the piece by Meyer Lutz included \"The Masher King\" (Pygmalion), \"The Bashful Maiden\" (Myrine) and \"The Modern Swell\" (Galatea).
## Synopsis
The plot turns on its head the plot of Gilbert\'s *Pygmalion and Galatea*, which involves a married sculptor who falls in love with his statue, Galatea. When the statue comes to life, her very innocence leads to complications. The following synopsis of *Galatea, or Pygmalion Reversed* was printed in *The Era*:
> The title will perhaps suggest that in this instance Galatea is the sculptor and Pygmalion the statue -- the ideal man endowed with life and able to toddle, though a very earnest appeal to the \"gods\" perched up aloft in the gallery. The living statue is very angular in movement, and its face is not exactly handsome; but Pygmalion with his first breath becomes filled up with vanity. He exclaims with rapture, \"How beautiful I am!\" and given a hand-mirror he seems never tired of gazing upon his own loveliness, and of breaking forth into ecstatic song with, \"Just look at that and look at this.\" Pygmalion is a classical masher. He \"mashes\" not only Galatea who made him, but Myrine and Daphne, who, bewitched by his manly beauty, give the \"cold shoulder\" to their respective and respectable husbands, Cyniscos, Leucippe and Chrysos, who, being thereby enraged, resolve not to mash, but to smash Pygmalion and to begin by chipping him. This treatment of course soon inclines Pygmalion to return to his old position, and then peace and happiness are restored.
## Roles and original cast {#roles_and_original_cast}
- Galatea -- Nellie Farren
- Myrine -- Miss C. Gilchrist
- Daphne -- Maud Taylor
- Pygmalion -- Edward Terry
- Cyniscos -- W. Elton
- Chrysos -- E. J. Henley
- Leucippe -- Phyllis Broughton
- Mimos -- Miss E. Broughton
- Agesimos -- Miss M. Watson
- Pyrrha, Chloe, Myrrha, Lesbia, Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta -- Misses M. Ross, P. Watson, Handley, Dupré, B. Matiste, P. Matiste, Chester and Overington
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# Galatea, or Pygmalion Reversed
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
*The Era* was not impressed, calling the piece, \"A very tame affair. Mr Stephens seems to have had a funny idea, but has not funnily put it into shape.\" Other papers took a more favourable view. *The Morning Post* called it \"this amusing burlesque\". *The Standard* thought that although the plot \"lacks both interest and variety\", Edward Terry was \"convulsively funny\" as Pygmalion.*Lloyd\'s Weekly Newspaper* wrote, \"The burlesque is not remarkable for its jokes, though they are plentiful. It affords opportunity for a good laugh and is a capital skit on the original
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# Tomislav Rukavina
**Tomislav Rukavina** (born 14 October 1974) is a Croatian professional football manager and former player who is the manager of the Croatia national U-17 team.
## Club career {#club_career}
In 1992 Rukavina started his football career in his hometown of Osijek, before moving to NK Zagreb during his second season. After 57 appearances for NK Zagreb, he was transferred to Dinamo (then called Croatia Zagreb), where he won four national championships. He played four seasons in Italy for S.S.C. Venezia before returning to his homeland and finishing his career at Hajduk Split. He won the HNL seven times and the Croatian cup three times.
## International career {#international_career}
Rukavina made his international debut for the Croatia national team against Poland in the 2--1 friendly win at Rijeka on 28 February 1996. He made five appearances for Croatia. His final international was a November 1999 friendly away against France.
## Managerial career {#managerial_career}
Rukavina became first team coach at Dinamo in March 2009., after arriving of Krunoslav Jurčić. He took charge of NK Osijek in March 2014. He became a youth coach at Dinamo in June 2017
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# The Superstation
**The Superstation** (or *Radio Radio* as it was known in the industry) was set up in 1987 as an overnight sustaining service for Independent Local Radio. Launched in July 1988, the station broadcast from 10.00pm until 6.00am on many of the UK\'s commercial radio stations, as a more economically viable alternative to local programming.
## Brief history {#brief_history}
The concept of the Superstation came from David Campbell and Rob Jones who worked for Virgin\'s radio arm and was backed financially by Richard Branson.
The service originally broadcast from British Forces Broadcasting studios in Paddington, London, but later moved to Manchester. By 1990, it was broadcasting across 21 stations and was mainly backed by Transworld Communications, together with GWR Group, Yorkshire Radio Network, Radio Trent and Radio Forth.
At this stage, Jonathan Ross and Ruby Wax had left the station and had been replaced by presenters such as Nigel Williams, Phil Kennedy and Peter Tait. Snooker player Steve Davis also had a specialist programme on the station at weekends.
On 6 October 1990, The Superstation closed down after giving only a few days notice, as the major shareholders were no longer prepared to finance the station due to the economic climate at the time.
## Technical
The Superstation would commence after the 10.00pm news bulletin; however, the service would leave a gap for local stations who had sold their own advertising air-time to \"opt-out\" of the national programme. A name check ident and a gap of around 1 second would be the signal for a tech-op to fire the carts containing the local adverts.
The typical duration for one of these ad breaks was either 2.10 or 2.40. So, in order to fill the gap, either four or five 30 second adverts and one 10 second jingle into the end sweeper would be used.
Each station had a log with the exact duration of each break.
Not all stations had their own ad breaks, so music montages would be played down the line to ensure there was continuous output. Later montages would be known as \'The Memory Module\' and would include older tracks. A 3-5 second sweeper sound followed the montage and signalled the next part of the programme was about to start.
## Jingles
The station had a sung jingle package produced by Midlands-based music producer Muff Murfin and was co-produced by American jingle company TM Communications. These jingles were originally created for WTRK a.k.a. *Electric 106* & WNVZ a.k.a. *Z104* in the U.S. A few jingles and shouts included in the Superstation package identified the station as Radio Radio, however these were never used on air.
All of the original presenter line-up had several sung name checks, which were personalised versions of the generic Superstation jingles. They also had personalised \"shouts\", each with a loud and soft version. Later presenters, such as Phil Kennedy and Jeff Cooper generally used their own name idents.
The station also had American voice-over style \"sweepers\" voiced by John \"J.R. Nelson\" Marik who was part of the Z100 Morning Zoo from 1983 to 1986.
## Presenters
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+:--------------------------------------------------------+
| - Ruby Wax | - Peter Tait |
| - Jonathan Ross | - Jeff Cooper |
| - Johnnie Walker | - Tony Adams |
| - Bob Harris (now at BBC Radio 2) | - Peter Grant |
| - Steve Davis | - John Kenning |
| - Chris Evans (now at Virgin Radio UK) | - John Richards |
| - Janice Long (later at BBC Radio 2, then BBC Radio Wales; died in 2021) | - Chris Pearson (now with Manx Radio) |
| - Nicky Horne | - Gary King (later with Atlantic 252 and BBC Radio 1) |
| - NJ Williams | - Erica Hughes (later with Saga 106.6 FM) |
| - Phil Kennedy | - Andy Miller (later with Gem 106) |
| - Deborah Kinch (previously \'Delightful Deborah\' in the Steve Wright Posse on BBC Radio 1, and later at BBC GLR) | - Francis Currie |
| | - Jeremy Beadle (\'Beadle\'s Brain busters\' ) |
| | - Carl Kingston (later with Magic 828) |
| | - Danny Pietroni (now with Smooth Radio) |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
## Miscellaneous
- Although the Superstation was initially based at the radio studios of the British Forces Broadcasting Service in Paddington, London, it later came from Key 103\'s studios in Manchester
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# Sikhism in Thailand
Thai\|image=Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha ChiangMai Khrua Khaek.jpg\|flag=Khanda (Sikh Symbol).svg\|regions=Bangkok{{·}}Chiang Mai{{·}}Nakhon Ratchasima{{·}}Pattaya{{·}}Phuket{{·}}Ubon Ratchathani\|religions=Sikhism\|image_caption=Gurdwara of Sri Guru Singh Sabha in Chiang Mai\|flag_size=50px}} `{{Sikhism sidebar}}`{=mediawiki}
Sikhism is a recognised minority religion in Thailand, with about 70,000--100,000 adherents. The religion was brought by migrants from India who began to arrive in the late 19th century. There are about twenty Sikh temples or Gurdwaras in the country, including the Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha in Bangkok.
## Numbers and status {#numbers_and_status}
The Sikh community was estimated in 2006 to contain around 70,000 people, most of whom resided in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Nakhon Ratchasima, Pattaya, Phuket and Ubon Ratchathani. At that time there were nineteen Sikh temples in the country. Sikhism was one of five religious groups registered with the Religious Affairs Department of the Ministry of Culture. Sikhs in Thailand is the largest community amongst Indians and they have good relations with the King.
## Identity
A study of Sikh residents of Bangkok found that \"Thai-Sikh identity is clear and well-maintained in Bangkok society\", but that influences from Western and other societies were leading to the neglect of traditional lifestyle features. The Sikh community in Bangkok has been described as \"the most integrated community in Thailand\".
## History
According to Sikhologists Louis E. Fenech and W. H. McLeod, Thailand\'s Sikhs are unique in the region in that they are mostly descended from Namdhari goldsmiths from the Pothohar. This is in contrast with the Sikh communities of the surrounding countries, which mostly descend from Malayan Sikh policemen and soldiers who further migrated to those countries.
In 1894, British colonial authorities of the Straits Settlements (present-day Malaysia and Singapore), writing to the equivalent authorities in British India, were alarmed by a new immigration trend of an increasing number of Sikhs, whom after arriving in the colony, applied for certificates under Section 11 of \[the Straits Immigration\] Ordinance V of 1884, which allowed the holder to leave the colony to seek employment elsewhere. Sikhs in the Straits Settlements who successfully were granted this certificate migrated further on to areas like Sumatra, Borneo, and Siam.
### Bangkok
Among the first Indians to arrive in Thailand was Kirparam Singh Madan in 1884. He was a Sehajdhari Sikh from Bhadewal village in the district of Sialkot (now in Pakistan). He was granted an audience with King Rama V of Thailand. He brought his relatives whose surnames were Madan, Narula and Chawla. They were among the first members of the Indian diaspora in Thailand, who started to arrive in the late 19th century. By 1911, many Sikh families had settled in Thailand. At that time Bangkok was the centre of migrant Sikhs, but there was no Gurdwara, so religious prayers were held in the homes of the Sikhs in rotation on every Sunday and all the Gurpurab days. In 1912, the Sikhs decided to establish a Gurdwara. A wooden house was rented in the vicinity of Baan Moh, a well known business area. In 1913 (or the year 2456 according to the Buddhist calendar), with the continuing increase of the Sikh community, a new larger wooden house was leased for a long term at the corner of Phahurat and Chakraphet roads. After considerable renovation and decoration, the Guru Granth Sahib was installed and religious prayers were conducted on a daily basis. Sikhs are mostly settled in area in area adjoining Pahurat Road. Most of them run real estate business or engaged in textile business.
Prior to his migration to Thailand, a Namdhari by the name of *sardar* Warayam Singh Khurana had a conflict with the Namdhari Guru in early 1962. He usually attends the S.G.S.S. Gurdwara in Bangkok wearing a blue turban.
As time passed, in 1979, the decision was made to renovate the Gurdwara and make it bigger to accommodate the increasing number of Sikhs. Together the committee of Siri Guru Singh Sabha and the other Thai-Sikhs decided to construct a new Gurdwara at the same location. The foundation stone was laid down by the Panj Piare, the Five Beloved Ones. The new Gurdwara was completed after two years in 1981.
### Chiang Mai {#chiang_mai}
The first Sikh person to travel to Chiang Mai was Ishar Singh, who traveled from India through Burma into Thailand in the year 1905 (or the year 2448 according to the Buddhist Calendar). Shortly after that about four more families came to Thailand. They were Rattan Singh, Gian Singh, Wariaam Singh and Amanda Singh. In 1907, this group of Sikhs decided to set up a Gurdwara in Charoenrat Road, which still stands at the location and now occupies a space of about 240 square meters.
### Pattaya
In 1975 there were only around three or four Sikh families in Pattaya. But after Pattaya became a tourist resort, many Sikhs migrated from other provinces such as Ubol Ratchthani, Udon Ratchthani, Nakorn Ratchsima (Korat) and Sattahip.
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# Sikhism in Thailand
## History
### Khon Kaen {#khon_kaen}
In 1932, Sikhs started moving to Khon Kaen to start some kind of business and earn a living. Initially the Sikhs in Khon Kaen did not build a Gurdwara for performing religious ceremonies or prayers. Instead Sikh people\'s homes were used in rotation to perform these ceremonies on certain days. Later, in 1972, as the number of Sikhs increased, a Gurdwara was constructed. It is a two storey building, located in Ruamchit Road.
### Lampang
The Gurdwara in Lampang was initially located in Sai Klang Road and was one of the old Gurdwaras in Thailand. In 1933, a Sikh named Wariaam Singh, donated a piece of land and started construction of the Gurdwara. Later, as the number of Sikhs increased, a new and bigger Gurdwara was constructed in Thip Chaang Road. On September 24, 1992 the foundation stone of the new Gurdwara was laid, gathering a large number of Sikh people from nearby provinces and Bangkok to witness the event.
### Korat
In 1947, Sikhs started moving to Korat to start businesses and earn a living. Initially the Sikhs in Khon Kaen did not build a Gurdwara for performing religious ceremonies or prayers. Instead Sikh people\'s homes were used in rotation to perform these ceremonies on certain days. Later, as the number of Sikhs increased, a Gurdwara was constructed. On December 23, 1984, there was a parade held by the Sikh community through the town of Korat, to celebrate the opening ceremony of this Gurdwara.
### Phuket
The first Gurdwara in Phuket was constructed by the Sikhs who had come to Phuket to work in tin mining and railway engineering under the supervision of the British in 1939. These groups of Sikhs were also involved in the Indian National Army (INA) during the World War II. Later, many Sikh businessmen started migrating to Phuket to start businesses in such fields as tailoring and hotels. More Sikhs moved to Phuket Province, when the province became one of the main tourist centres of Thailand. This led to a necessity to expand and renovate the Gurdwara to be able to accommodate the increasing number of Sikhs. The Gurdwara Committee of Phuket along with many other Sikhs together helped in constructing a new Gurdwara. The opening ceremony was held on January 22, 2001. The Chief Minister for this occasion was Privy Council Member, Bichit Kulavnich.
### Relations with local people {#relations_with_local_people}
During the colonial British period in Kelantan, which is adjacent to Thailand, many Sikh men living there married local Siamese women.
## Culture of Thai Sikhs {#culture_of_thai_sikhs}
Thai Sikhs are noted for practicing astrology. Many Thai Sikhs are followers of the Namdhari sect of Sikhism, forming a significant portion of the Namdhari diaspora. A Sikh sect gaining followers in Thailand is the Neeldharis, who grow their followers through marriages with mainstream Sikhs, usually Neeldhari men pairing-up with mainstream Sikh women, with the wife\'s family gradually converting to the Neeldhari sect after the marriage.
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# Sikhism in Thailand
## Gurudwaras in Thailand {#gurudwaras_in_thailand}
In Thailand, Sikhs have constructed several Gurdwaras throughout the country
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# Stag and Hounds, Bristol
The **Stag and Hounds** is a grade II listed pub in Old Market, Bristol, England. The oldest parts of the building date to 1483, when it was probably as a private house. The current building is predominantly from the early 18th century, when it became a pub. It was partly rebuilt in the 1960s, and refurbished in 1987. At one time the inn was flanked by houses, but the building of a dual carriageway underpass has left it isolated.
A well in the former rear court has a 19th-century iron hand pump with flywheel and pump rods, an early example of an installation for raising water from a well. This old iron pump, operated by a wheel six feet in diameter, is in fine condition and all its parts still move. It is unique in Bristol.
There is also a minute window looking out onto the courtyard, which opens onto a small room set between floors and is only accessible through a trap-door in what is now a bathroom. It is possible that this may be a survival from the days of priest-hunting.
The modern day pub was renowned during the 2010s as a live music venue with a wide variety of bands ranging across many genres, although this has lessened after a change in direction after a refurbishment in 2019.
## Pie-Poudre Court {#pie_poudre_court}
In Norman times a court was set up to deal summarily with thieves and debtors of a market called the Pie-Poudre Court (also spelt *pie poudre* or Piepowders). The name comes from the French, \"pieds poudrés\" which can be translated as \"dusty feet\", and was a temporary court set up for the duration of a fair or market to deal with travelers who were not resident in the town.
It was held in the open air under an ancient oak tree, the site of which the Stag and Hounds was built upon. There is no actual record of when the court moved into the inn, which was reputedly held in the first-floor room.
It is believed that this was the last \"active\" Court of Piepowders, being abolished by the Courts Act 1971. Although it had not actually met since the abolition of the fair in 1870, an annual proclamation was still read on the last day of September under the portico of the inn
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# Click Airways
**Click Airways** was an airline based in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. It was established in 2004 and its main base was Sharjah International Airport.
The airline was on the List of air carriers banned in the European Union
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# Oxford School District
The **Oxford School District** is a public school district based in Oxford, Mississippi.
Its boundary includes almost all of Oxford, the University census-designated place, and some unincorporated areas.
## School board {#school_board}
The district is governed by a six-member elected board of trustees. There are two Office of the Board positions, President and Secretary, that are annually elected by the district for one-year terms at the end of each fiscal year. By law, at least two board members must be appointed by the Board of Alderman and remaining members are elected by county residents living within the Municipal Separate School District. As of May 2017 the school board members are: S. Ray Hill; Marian Barksdale, President; Romana Reed; Brian Harvey, Superintendent; Gray Edmondson, Secretary; and Scott Shipman.
## Superintendent
The superintendent is voted on and elected by the school board. From 2013 through 2017 the superintendent was Brian Harvey. Harvey graduated from the district in 1990 and worked in the district for 17 years; as a middle and high school teacher, the assistant principal at Oxford High School, and the principal at both Central Elementary and Oxford Middle School. While serving as interim superintendent, Harvey was appointed after the previous superintendent, Kim Stasny, died from a short illness. In 2021, Bradley Robertson was announced as the new superintendent.
## Schools
Secondary schools
- Oxford High School (Grades 9 through 12)
- [Oxford Middle School](http://www.oxfordsd.org/oms) (Grades 7 through 8)
Elementary schools
- [Oxford Intermediate School](https://www.oxfordsd.org/OIS) (Grades 5 and 6)
- [Della Davidson Elementary School](http://www.oxfordsd.org/ddes) (Grades 3 and 4)
- [Central Elementary School](https://www.oxfordsd.org/Domain/409) (Grades 1 and 2)
- [Bramlett Elementary School](http://www.oxfordsd.org/bes) (Grades Pre-K through K)
Central Elementary School was previously known as Oxford Elementary School. The school was renamed in 2019 in order to honor Oxford\'s African-American school pre-integration, Central High School.
\
Alternative schools
- [C.M. Scott Center](https://www.oxfordsd.org/SC) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224192239/https://www.oxfordsd.org/SC |date=December 24, 2016 }}`{=mediawiki}(Special Needs)
- [Oxford Learning Center](https://www.oxfordsd.org/OLC) (Grades 6 and 12)
In the Jim Crow era, where white and black students attended separate schools, the \"Negro Elementary and High School\" housed black students. Construction began and ended in 1938 and 1939, respectively. The Public Works Administration (PWA) was involved in the building of this school.
## Demographics
### 2006-07 school year {#school_year}
There were a total of 3,356 students enrolled in the Oxford School District during the 2006--2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 50% female and 50% male. The racial makeup of the district was 43.65% African American, 49.70% White, 2.18% Hispanic, 4.32% Asian, and 0.15% Native American. 41.9% of the district\'s students were eligible to receive free lunch.
### Previous school years {#previous_school_years}
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| School Year | Enrollment | Gender Makeup | |
+=============+============+===============+==========+
| Female | Male | Asian | African\ |
| | | | American |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| 2007-08 | 3,360 | 48% | 52% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| 2006-07 | 3,356 | 50% | 50% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| 2005-06 | 3,320 | 50% | 50% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| 2004-05 | 3,169 | 50% | 50% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| 2003-04 | 3,118 | 49% | 51% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| 2002-03 | 3,198 | 49% | 51% |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
| | | | |
+-------------+------------+---------------+----------+
## Accountability statistics {#accountability_statistics}
2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03
---------------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
**District Accreditation Status** Accredited Accredited Accredited Accredited Accredited
**School Performance Classifications**
Level 5 (Superior Performing) Schools 2 2 2 3 2
Level 4 (Exemplary) Schools 1 2 2 1 1
Level 3 (Successful) Schools 1 0 0 0 1
Level 2 (Under Performing) Schools 0 0 0 0 0
Level 1 (Low Performing) Schools 0 0 0 0 0
Not Assigned 1 1 1 1 1
| 617 |
Oxford School District
| 0 |
11,082,204 |
# Oxford School District
## District Report Card {#district_report_card}
The Mississippi Statewide Accountability System provides performance ratings of A, B, C, D, and F for public school districts in the state, with A as the highest score and F as the lowest. These ratings are based on established standards such as \" student achievement, individual student growth, graduation rate, and participation rate.\" Data is available from the 2017-2018 school year until the 2020-2021 school year
| 75 |
Oxford School District
| 1 |
11,082,206 |
# Charlotte Selina Bompas
**Charlotte Selina Bompas** (`{{nee|Cox}}`{=mediawiki}; 24 February 1830 -- 21 January 1917) was a missionary, speaker and memoirist in Canada.
## Early life {#early_life}
Most likely born in England, her parents were Charlotte Skey and Joseph Cox, and she was known as Nina. She spent much of her youth in Italy, and wrote for various magazines. She showed little interest in religion in her early life, but the 1871 murder of missionary John Patteson in the Solomon Islands apparently inspired her to turn towards evangelicalism in her midlife. She found an opportunity to become a missionary when, on 7 May 1874 she married her cousin, William Bompas, the first Anglican bishop of the Diocese of Athabasca in northwestern Canada.
## Missionary career {#missionary_career}
While living at a Hudson\'s Bay Company outpost in Athabasca Bompas started keeping a diary, recording her feelings of loneliness as her husband travelled for long periods seeking converts. She took on her own missionary work, learning to speak the Slavey language and to play the harmonium to enliven the austere church services. In 1876 she travelled to Fort Chipewyan on her own to make preparations for a new mission there.
Bompas was noted for her work with the local children, even informally adopting two children whose parents were ill, dead, or absent. One, Jenny or Jeannie, died in infancy, and the second, Lucy May (known as Owindia) appears to have died in England as a toddler. A modern commentator notes that Bompas approached missionary work with an \"imperialist gaze\": she frequently criticized the appearance, cleanliness and perceived wildness of the First Nations people. However, on other occasions she seemed to admire them, writing that the use of moss bags to carry infants was superior to the European practice of dressing infants in wool and cotton.
In 1884 Bombas returned to England for some time where she spoke to audiences about the Church Missionary Society\'s work in Canada. While in England she published a book, *Owindia: A True Tale of the Mackenzie River Indians, North-West America*, which was both a romantic tribute to her adopted daughter and a tool to promote her and her husband\'s missionary work.
For the next twelve years she spent time in England and Montreal, only rarely visiting her husband in the northwest, but in 1896 she returned to the Yukon at the beginning of the Klondike Gold Rush where she established a social center for the rapidly growing population of miners. In 1901 she went on a speaking tour in southern Canada, raising \$800 for the establishment of a new church in Carcross.
Following her husband\'s death in 1906, Bombas moved to Montreal where she lived with her nieces. She continued to promote missionary work to audiences until her death in 1917. Twelve years later, her memoir was published by S. A. Archer as *A Heroine of the North: Memoirs of Charlotte Selina Bompas (1830--1917), Wife of the First Bishop of Selkirk (Yukon), with Extracts from her Journals and Letters*
| 501 |
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| 0 |
11,082,209 |
# Selwyn Blackmore
**Selwyn John Blackmore** (born 6 September 1972) is a former New Zealand cricketer, who played 29 first-class matches for Wellington between 1992 and 2002. He also played for Hutt Valley in the Hawke Cup.
Blackmore was born in Whangārei. His father, John Blackmore, played for Northern Districts from 1968 to 1973.
Selwyn Blackmore was a batsman who usually opened the innings. His highest first-class score was 107 not out against Otago in his second first-class match. He captained Hutt Valley to victory in a Hawke Cup challenge match against Nelson in 1995--96, scoring 146
| 97 |
Selwyn Blackmore
| 0 |
11,082,219 |
# Stephen Chilcott
**Stephen Chilcott** was the editor of Weekly Business Programs on BBC Radio in London, based at BBC White City. He was responsible for a wide range of national radio programs on business and money including BBC World Service\'s *Global Business*, BBC Radio 4\'s *Moneybox* and *Moneybox Live,* Radio 4\'s *In Business,* and Radio 4\'s *Bottom Line.* He was also editorially responsible for some business focussed documentaries, including *Privacy in Peril, Jay-Z - From Brooklyn to the Boardroom*.
According to the media guide in **Real Business UK** Magazine, called \'The People to Know\' guide; \"\...the other key editor is Stephen Chilcott. He's the editor of \'business programmes\'. These are mainly influential radio slots such as Moneybox, In Business and the now-weekly Nice Work and Shop Talk. Chilcott is naturally empathetic and is determined to get more smaller-business stories onto the mainstream schedules.\"
Chilcott retired from the BBC in March 2013 after 32 years with the Corporation. He\'d joined as a technical trainee before moving into editorial roles
| 169 |
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| 0 |
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# Masabumi Kikuchi
was a Japanese jazz pianist and composer known for his unique playing style. He worked with many diverse musicians, including Sonny Rollins, Miles Davis, McCoy Tyner, Elvin Jones, Gary Peacock and Paul Motian, and collaborated with Gil Evans and Tōru Takemitsu.
## Biography
Masabumi Kikuchi was born in Tokyo in 1939. Following the firebombing of Tokyo in 1945, his family moved out of the city and settled in the rural Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima prefecture, where his parents were born.
He studied music at the Tokyo Art College High School. While a student, he began buying second-hand records, most likely left behind by American soldiers. His early influences were Duke Ellington, Miles Davis and Thelonious Monk. After graduating, he joined Lionel Hampton\'s Japanese touring band. He started a quintet with Terumasa Hino but soon after left for the US after winning a scholarship to study at Berklee College of Music.
He died from a subdural hematoma on 6 July 2015 at a hospital in Manhasset, New York. At the time of his death, he lived in Manhattan, New York City.
## Discography
### As leader {#as_leader}
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Year recorded | Title | Label | Year released | Notes |
+===============+=================================================+=====================+===============+=================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+
| 1969 | *Matrix* | Victor | 1969 | With Tetsuro Fushimi (trumpet), Hideyuki Kikuchi (alto sax), Akio Nishimura (tenor sax), Hironori Takiya (bass), Takahiro Suzuki (drums) as Victor Modern Jazz Sextet |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1970 | *Re-confirmation* | Philips | 1970 | Sextet with Kosuke Mine (alto saxophone), Yoshio Ikeda (bass, electric bass), Hiroshi Murakami (drums), Keiji Kishida (drums) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1970 | *Poo-Sun* | Philips | 1970 | With Kosuke Mine (soprano sax, alto sax), Hideo Ichikawa (electric piano, organ), Yoshio Ikeda (bass), Motohiko Hino (drums), Hiroshi Murakami (drums), Keiji Kishida (percussion) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1970 | *Masabumi Kikuchi In Concert* | Philips | 1971 | Sextet with Kosuke Mine (soprano saxophone, percussion), Yoshio Ikeda (bass), Hiroshi Murakami (drums), Keiji Kishida (drums) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1972 | *Masabumi Kikuchi with Gil Evans* | Philips | 1972 | With Gil Evans (conductor, piano), Billy Harper (tenner sax, flute, chime), Marvin Peterson (trumpet, flugel horn), Kohsuke Mine (alto sax, soprano sax), Shigeo Suzuki (alto sax, flute), Kiyoshige Matsubara (French horn), Nao Yamamoto (French horn), Shozo Nakagawa (piccolo flute, alto flute, bass flute), Takashi Asahi (piccolo flute, alto flute, bass flute), Yukio Etoh (piccolo flute, alto flute, bass flute), Kunitoshi Shinohara (trumpet, flugel horn), Takehisa Suzuki (trumpet, flugel horn), Hiroshi Munekiyo (tuba), Kikuzo Tado (tuba), Tadataka Nakazawa (bass tuba), Michiko Takahashi (marimba, vibraphone), Masayuki Takayanagi (electric guitar), Sadanori Nakamure (electric guitar), Yoshio Suzuki (bass), Isao Etoh (electric bass), Masahiko Togashi (drums), Yoshiyuki Nakamura (drums), Kohichi Yamaguchi (timpani), Hideo Miyata (percussion) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1974 | *East Wind* | East Wind | 1974 | With Terumasa Hino (trumpet), Kosuke Mine (tenor sax), Juini Booth (bass), Eric Gravatt (drums) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1978 | *But Not for Me* | Flying Disk | 1978 | With Gary Peacock (bass, percussion), Al Foster (drums, percussion), Badal Roy (tabla), Alyrio Lima (percussion), Azzedin Weston (percussion) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1980--81 | *Susto* | CBS/Sony | 1981 | With Terumasa Hino (cornet), Steve Grossman (soprano sax, tenor sax), Dave Liebman (soprano sax, tenor sax, flute), Richie Morales and Victor \"Yahya\" Jones (drums), Hassan Jenkins(bass), James Mason, Butch Campbell, Marlon Graves, Barry Finnerty and Billy Paterson (guitar), Alyrio Lima, Aiyb Dieng and Airto Moreira (percussion), Sam Morrison (soprano sax), Ed Walsh (synth programming) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1980--81 | *One-Way Traveller* | CBS/Sony | 1982 | With Terumasa Hino (cornet), Steve Grossman (soprano sax, tenor sax), Richie Morales and Victor \"Yahya\" Jones (drums), Hassan Jenkins(bass), James Mason, Butch Campbell, Marlon Graves, Gass Farkon, Billy Paterson and Ronald Drayton (guitar), Alyrio Lima, Aiyb Dieng and Airto Moreira (percussion), Sam Morrison (soprano sax) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1983--86? | *`{{Nihongo|Earth|地|Chi}}`{=mediawiki}* | Geronimo | 1988 | \"`{{Nihongo|Six Elements|六大|Rokudai}}`{=mediawiki}\" series. Solo synthesizer. |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1984--86 | *`{{Nihongo|Water|水|Sui}}`{=mediawiki}* | Geronimo | 1988 | \"`{{Nihongo|Six Elements|六大|Rokudai}}`{=mediawiki}\" series. Solo synthesizer. |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1984--86 | *`{{Nihongo|Fire|火|Ka}}`{=mediawiki}* | Geronimo | 1988 | \"`{{Nihongo|Six Elements|六大|Rokudai}}`{=mediawiki}\" series. Solo synthesizer. |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1984--86 | *`{{Nihongo|Wind|風|Fuu}}`{=mediawiki}* | Geronimo | 1988 | \"`{{Nihongo|Six Elements|六大|Rokudai}}`{=mediawiki}\" series. Solo synthesizer. |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1984--86 | *`{{Nihongo|Air|空|Kuu}}`{=mediawiki}* | Geronimo | 1988 | \"`{{Nihongo|Six Elements|六大|Rokudai}}`{=mediawiki}\" series. Solo synthesizer. |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1985--87 | *`{{Nihongo|Mind|識|Shiki}}`{=mediawiki}* | Geronimo | 1988 | \"`{{Nihongo|Six Elements|六大|Rokudai}}`{=mediawiki}\" series. Solo synthesizer. |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1986-- 89 | *Aurora* | Rhizome Sketch | 1989 | Solo synthesizer.\ |
| | | | | Four variations of the track \"Aurora\" in previous album *`{{Nihongo|Water|水|Sui}}`{=mediawiki}*. |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1989 | *`{{Nihongo|Attached|未練|Miren}}`{=mediawiki}* | transheart | 1989 | Solo piano |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1989--90 | *Dreamachine* | transheart, Pioneer | 1992 | With Bernie Worrell (synthesizer), Bootsy Collins (space-bass), Bill Laswell (bass), Nicky Skopelitis (guitar), Aiyb Dieng (percussion) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1990 | *Live at Jazz inn Lovely 1990* | NoBusiness | 2020 | With Masayuki Takayanagi (guitar), Nobuyoshi Ino (bass) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1992--93 | *Feel You* | Paddle Wheel | 1993 | Trio, with James Genus (bass), Victor Jones (drums) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1994 | *After Hours* | Verve | 1994 | Solo piano |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1994 | *After Hours 2* | PJL | 2002 | Solo piano |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1996 | *Raw Material #1* | Alfa | 1997 | With Toshiyuki Goto, DJ Katsuya and DJ Hiro (mixing), Mike Barry (guitar), Scott Wozniak (keyboard), Aiyb Dieng (percussion), Papa Jube, Veronica White, Bongo Gaston and Jean Baaptiste (vocals), David Dyson (bass), William \"Space Man\" Paterson (guitar), Darryl Foster (tenor sax) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1997--98 | *Melancholy Gil* | Verve | 2001 | Solo piano |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2009 | *Sunrise* | ECM | 2012 | Trio, with Thomas Morgan (bass), Paul Motian (drums) |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2012 | *Black Orpheus* | ECM | 2016 | Solo piano; in concert |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 2013 | *Hanamichi: The Final Studio Recording* | Red Hook Records | 2021 | Solo piano; studio recording |
+---------------+-------------------------------------------------+---------------------+---------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
### As co-leader {#as_co_leader}
- Gary Peacock, Hiroshi Murakami, Masabumi Kikuchi, *Eastward* (CBS/Sony, 1970)
- Hōzan Yamamoto + Masabumi Kikuchi -- *Ginkai* (Philips \[Japan\], 1971) also with Gary Peacock and Hiroshi Murakami. recorded in 1970. reissued in 1994
- Masabumi Kikuchi, Masahiko Togashi, Gary Peacock, *Poesy: The Man Who Keeps Washing His Hands* (Philips \[Japan\], 1971)
- Gary Peacock, Hiroshi Murakami, Masahiko Togashi, Masabumi Kikuchi, *Voices* (Sony, 1971)
- Elvin Jones / Masabumi Kikuchi, *Hollow Out* (Philips \[Japan\], 1973) -- recorded in 1972
- Masahiko Togashi + Masabumi Kikuchi, *Concerto* (Ninety-One, 1991) -- 2CD
- Terumasa Hino, Masahiko Togashi, Masabumi Kikuchi, *Triple Helix* (Enja, 1993) -- live
- P.M.P. (Poo Masabumi Kikuchi, Marc Johnson, Paul Motian) *Miles Mode* (Sony, 1993) -- tribute to Miles Davis
- Masabumi Kikuchi & Takeshi Shibuya, *Tandem* (Verve, 2000)
- Masabumi Kikuchi, Ben Street, Thomas Morgan, Kresten Osgood, *Kikuchi/Street/Morgan/Osgood* (Ilk music, 2015) -- Recorded in 2008
| 1,151 |
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| 0 |
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# Masabumi Kikuchi
## Discography
### As a member {#as_a_member}
**Kochi**\
(Ensemble with Al Foster, Anthony Jackson, Dave Liebman, James Mtume, Reggie Lucas, Steve Grossman and Terumasa Hino)
- *Wishes= ウィッシズ* (East Wind, 1976; Inner City, 1978)
**AAOBB** (All Night All right Off White Boogie Band)\
(with Conrad Adderley, Victor Jones, Aïyb Dieng, Kosuke Mine, Kelvyn Bell, Tomas Doncker, William \"spaceman\" Patterson)
- *AAOBB* (Tokuma Japan, 1990)
**Tethered Moon**\
(Trio with Paul Motian and Gary Peacock)
- *First Meeting* (Rec. 1990--91, Winter & Winter, 1997)
- *Tethered Moon* (King/Paddle Wheel, 1992, Evidence, 1993)
- *Triangle* (King/Paddle Wheel, 1992)
- *Plays Jimi Hendrix+* (JASRAC/Polydor, 1997)
- *Tethered Moon Play Kurt Weill* (JMT, 1995; reissued on Winter & Winter, 2005)
- *Chansons d'Édith Piaf* (Winter & Winter, 1999)
- *Experiencing Tosca* (Winter & Winter, 2004)
**Slash Trio**\
(Trio with Masaaki Kikuchi and Tatsuya Yoshida)
- *Slash 1°* (PJL, 2001)
- *Slash 2°* (PJL, 2002)
- *Slash 3°: Live At Motion Blue Yokohama Vol.1* (PJL, 2002)
- *Slash 4°: Live at Motion Blue yokohama Vol.2* (PJL, 2003)
### Soundtrack album {#soundtrack_album}
- *Hairpin Circus / A Short Story For Image: Original Soundtrack* (Bridge, 2006) -- Movie 1972
### As sideman {#as_sideman}
**With Gil Evans**
- *Gil Evans Live at the Royal Festival Hall London 1978* (RCA, 1979)
- *The Rest of Gil Evans at the Royal Festival Hall 1978* (Mole Jazz, 1981)
- *Live at the Public Theater (New York 1980)* vol.1 (Trio, 1980) -- live
- *Live at the Public Theater (New York 1980)* vol.2 (Trio, 1981) -- live
**With Terumasa Hino**
- *Hino=Kikuchi Quintet* (Columbia/Takt Jazz Series, 1969) -- rec. 1968
- *Acoustic Boogie* (Blue Note, 1995)
- *Moment: Alive at Blue Note Tokyo* (EMI/Somethin\' Else, 1996) -- live rec. 1995
**With Paul Motian**
- *Trio 2000 + One* (Winter & Winter, 1997)
- *Live at the Village Vanguard* (Winter & Winter, 2006) -- live
- *Live at the Village Vanguard Vol. II* (Winter & Winter, 2006) -- live
- *Live at the Village Vanguard Vol. III* (Winter & Winter, 2006) -- live
**With others**
- Pee Wee Ellis, *Blues Mission* (Gramavision, 1993)
- Joe Henderson, *Joe Henderson and Kikuchi, Hino in Concert* (Fontana, 1974) -- rec. 1971
- Helen Merrill, *You and the Night and the Music* (Verve, 1998)
- Mal Waldron, *Mal: Live 4 to 1* (Philips, 1971)
| 389 |
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| 1 |
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# Masabumi Kikuchi
## Legacy in New York State Property Law {#legacy_in_new_york_state_property_law}
In the late 1970s, Kikuchi lived in New York City and rented a loft apartment on W. 20th Street. The large apartment, over 1700 square feet, was in a formerly commercial building adapted to artists spaces and mixed studio and apartment space. His space was filled with musical instruments and recording equipment; it contained a creative work space as well as living space. In late 1977, a health spa equipment sales business moved into the floor above Kikuchi\'s studio. A series of damaging water leaks, noise, and eventually large-scale building renovations began. These leaks and activities severely interfered with his work and daily living; eventually, Kikuchi sued his landlord, asserting that the combined events and activities breached the covenant of quiet enjoyment of his apartment. Importantly, he also claimed that the construction work effectively excluded his use of a generous swath of the loft apartment, that is he was constructively evicted by the landlord\'s acts and failure to act (related to the upstairs tenant). Despite the massive disruptions, he continued living in the apartment during the legal dispute. As per common law, an essential element of claiming constructive eviction is the tenant\'s moving out; the logic of the common law rule is rooted in proof: the landlord\'s actions must be so severe and materially impact the tenant that no one would continue to stay there under the circumstances.
The case was finally decided by the N.Y. Appellate Division in 1988. The Court\'s ruling in favor of Kikuchi established the notion of *partial constructive eviction*; that is, a partial exclusion from the quiet use and enjoyment of the property. The rule established in this case entitled a partially constructively evicted tenant to a pro rata rent reduction in proportion to the portion of the property they were unable to use. Importantly, the court held that leaving the premises was not required under this new concept. This rule has not been widely adopted in the United States and is a minority rule. The case, 528 N.Y.S.2d 554 (App. Div. 1988), is featured in contemporary property law case books to illustrate the concept of partial constructive eviction
| 366 |
Masabumi Kikuchi
| 2 |
11,082,241 |
# Germany Calling
***Germany Calling*** was an English language propaganda radio programme, broadcast by Nazi German radio to audiences in the British Isles and North America during the Second World War. Every broadcast began with the station announcement: \"Germany calling! Here are the Reichssender Hamburg, station Bremen\". Today, it is best known for its employment of several radio presenters jointly known as Lord Haw-Haw --- most notably, William Joyce, who was German radio\'s most prominent English language speaker and to whom the name gradually came to be exclusively applied.
The regular content included news and jazz music. Jazz was banned from playing on German radio stations at the time, as the Nazi party forbade \"Negermusik\". The announcers were an integral part of the programme, making various announcements and enabling prisoners of war to personally send regards to relatives in their native countries, which made the programme quite popular with listeners of war participating states, especially the United Kingdom and the United States.
*Germany Calling* was founded on behalf of Reichsminister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels as a propaganda radio programme aimed mainly at audiences in the United Kingdom and the United States, as well as other parts of the world. Broadcasts were sent via shortwave in approximately 30 languages.
*Germany Calling* ceased broadcasting on 30 April 1945, when Hamburg was overrun by the British Army.
## Studio
Contrary to the station announcement, *Germany Calling* was not recorded in Bremen, but at Norddeich radio station, although at different stages during the war the broadcasts originated variously from Berlin, Luxembourg, and Apen
| 259 |
Germany Calling
| 0 |
11,082,245 |
# Olympic mudminnow
The **Olympic mudminnow** (*Novumbra hubbsi*) is a fish native to the western lowlands of Washington: the Chehalis River basin, Deschutes River basin, and some Olympic Peninsula basins. It grows to 8 cm (about 3 in) in length, and is Washington\'s only known endemic freshwater fish species. Although they strongly resemble killifish, mudminnows are more closely related to pike and muskellunge.
The Olympic mudminnow is the only living species in the genus *Novumbra*, and one of eight living species worldwide in the paraphyletic family Umbridae. It predominantly resides in darkly stained tannic waters in the lower levels of lentic ecosystems, although may be found in clearwater swamps, and feeds on fish larvae, eggs, but more often small invertebrates. It prefers areas with mudbeds and dense vegetation, and has a remarkable tolerance for low oxygen levels. The Olympic mudminnow is listed as a sensitive species by the state of Washington. Although many populations are found, the range is limited, and suitable habitat is easily lost to development.
Spawning occurs after overwintering with a short photoperiod and temperatures under 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Once temperatures are in the high 50\'s, fish will start producing gametes. Females will become noticeably fatter, while males will darken and begin to move into their spawning territories. Spawning takes place over fine leaved plants (submerged terrestrial moss and water wisteria have both been documented in the lab and in the wild) in which the male entices the female to spawn. Spawning happens multiple times as the female only releases one or two eggs for each copulation. Once finished resealing eggs, the female is chased off the territory by the male. After around 10 days, the fry hatch and remain glued to their natal plant until absorbing their yolk sac; after 7 days they become free swimming. The male shows no parental care aside from chasing off any intruders in the territory.
Where their ranges overlap, the spawning coloration of the three-spined stickleback is black, similarly to male Olympic mudminnows. This causes rivalry between the males of the two species.
## Etymology
The fish is named in honor of ichthyologist Carl Leavitt Hubbs
| 356 |
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| 0 |
11,082,253 |
# John Arneil
**John Arneil** (1862 -- 11 August 1938) was a New Zealand cricketer, rugby union player and administrator, and businessman in Auckland.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Arneil was born in India in 1862 and moved to New Zealand with his family in 1864. He attended Auckland Grammar School.
He had the rare distinction of captaining Auckland at both rugby and cricket. He was prominent in administering the Auckland Rugby Union, of which he was president from 1915 to 1935. He was also for a time the president of the New Zealand Rugby Union.
Arneil played nine first-class cricket matches for Auckland between 1882 and 1894. He was a prolific batsman in Auckland club and representative cricket despite being unable to practise owing to his hours of work. In 1883--84 he made 59 not out, the top score of the match and of his first-class career, when Auckland chased a target of 152 in the second innings and he steered them to a four-wicket victory over Canterbury.
Arneil joined the Auckland merchants and shipping agents Heather, Roberton Limited in 1880, and was the firm\'s managing director when he retired in 1933. He married Emily Caradus in 1891. They had three sons and a daughter
| 206 |
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| 0 |
11,082,277 |
# The Gladiator March
**\"The Gladiator\"** is a march by John Philip Sousa, written in 1886 while Sousa was leader of the US Marine Band.
The Gladiator was written as a tribute to Charles B. Towle, a journalist at the *Boston Traveler*. The journalist introduced him to the Knights Templar. Speculation has long surrounded the title for the piece, but one hypothesis is that the title referred to Towle himself, a gladiator of sorts who used a pen instead of a sword. Another plausible hypothesis is that the piece may have been written about an article Towle wrote for the Boston Traveler.
Sousa had not written many marches before that, and none of them received great popularity. The Gladiator, however, sold over a million copies - a record for the time and was soon performed frequently. It follows normal march style, IAABBCCDCDC, and is played at the normal pace of most marches: 120-128 beats per minute. Although marches such as *Semper Fidelis*, *The Washington Post*, *Stars and Stripes Forever* and *Hands Across the Sea* have achieved greater popularity, the *Gladiator* is still regarded as John Philip Sousa\'s first success.
## Recorded versions {#recorded_versions}
- The Band of H.M. Coldstream Guards, cond. by Capt. J. Causley Windram. Recorded in London on January 11, 1942. It was released by EMI on the His Master\'s Voice label as catalog number B 9275
| 229 |
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| 0 |
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# William Lankham
**William Lankham** (4 December 1861 -- 2 December 1886) was a New Zealand cricketer who played five first-class matches for Auckland in the 1880s before his death from tuberculosis at the age of 24. In the history of first-class cricket, he has the highest average of wickets per match among bowlers with 50 wickets or more, with 10.6 wickets per match; the next best average is 8.4.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
A tall, strongly-built right-arm opening bowler, Lankham had an outstanding season for the Auckland United club in 1880--81, taking 84 wickets at an average of 3.32, helping Auckland United to an undefeated season. He played for the Auckland XXII against the touring English team in 1881--82, taking 3 for 69 off 87 four-ball overs. The English captain, Alfred Shaw, regarded Lankham as the best bowler the tourists faced in New Zealand.
Lankham played his first first-class match in December 1882 for Auckland against Canterbury in Christchurch. He took 7 for 39 in Canterbury\'s first innings; on the second day, which was also his 21st birthday, he made the second-top score in Auckland\'s first innings with 27, batting at number ten; then he took 4 for 60. Canterbury nevertheless won by 27 runs. Auckland then travelled to Wellington, where Lankham took 3 for 28 and 4 for 41 in an Auckland victory. The team then crossed Cook Strait again to play Nelson. In a match in which 40 wickets fell for 370 runs, Lankham took 6 for 18 and 4 for 39, and Auckland won by four runs after the Nelson last-wicket pair had put on 50, the highest partnership of the match.
Three months later Taranaki travelled to Auckland to play their initial first-class match, but Lankham was too much for them, bowling unchanged through both innings to take 13 for 35 (7 for 13 and 6 for 22) and dismiss Taranaki for 63 and 55 to give Auckland an innings victory. Lankham finished the season as the leading wicket-taker in New Zealand with 41 wickets at an average of 6.34.
In 1883-84 Auckland played only one first-class match, against Canterbury in Auckland. Lankham bowled for most of the first innings and unchanged in the second to take 6 for 60 and 6 for 54, and Auckland won by four wickets. Later that season, while playing club cricket, he suffered a burst blood vessel, and was never able to play again. He died from tuberculosis two days before his 25th birthday
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# Rick Maddocks
**Rick Maddocks** (born 1970) is a Canadian author and singer/songwriter. Born in Wales, he moved to Canada with his family in the early 1980s.
His short story collection *Sputnik Diner* (Random House, 2002) was nominated for the Danuta Gleed Literary Award. Its first story, \"Plane People\", won *Prairie Fire*\'s Long Fiction Competition as well as a Western Magazine Award, and \"Lessons from the Sputnik Diner\" was a shortlisted finalist for the Journey Prize. He was the editor of the literary magazine *Event*, published by Douglas College, from 2006 to September 2010.
Maddocks is the leader of Vancouver jazz/pop quintet The Beige. The band have released two albums, *01* (2006) and *El Ángel Exterminador* (2010)
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# Sandra Schumacher
**Sandra Schumacher** (born 25 December 1966) is a retired track cyclist and road bicycle racer, who represented West Germany at the 1984 Summer Olympics. There she won the bronze medal in the women\'s road race, finishing behind USA riders Connie Carpenter-Phinney (gold) and Rebecca Twigg (silver)
| 49 |
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| 0 |
11,082,317 |
# Trans-Gomti area
**Trans-Gomti area** is an important sub-city in the Lucknow city with its population slightly less than the old city. It is relatively more developed than the mainland due to the contemporary planning. It is divided into the following areas:
- Mahanagar
- Vikas Nagar
- Nirala Nagar
- Aliganj
- Janakipuram
- Indira Nagar
- Chinhat
- Gomti Nagar
## Demographics
With a population of slightly more than one million, it is the most literate area in the entire Uttar Pradesh state. It mostly has middle class professionals and is more cosmopolitan than the main city.
## Economy
It constitutes the central business area of Eastern Uttar Pradesh with many BPOs, R&D centres, IT, and ITES centres. It also has the Indira Gandhi Pratishthan which is the largest science and technology centre in Uttar Pradesh. Most of the economic activity happens in Indira Nagar-Gomti Nagar and Sitapur Road while rest of the area is used for residential purpose.
The institutional area in Vibhuti Khand, a locality in Gomti Nagar, is fast developing as the second Central Business District of Lucknow.
## Education
Educational institutions include:
1. Indian Institute of Management
2. Institute of Engineering and Technology
3. Babu Banarasi Das University
4. Lucknow University
5. Colvin Taluqdars\' College
6. Central School
7. City Montessori School
8. Delhi Public School
9. CIMAP
10
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# Lafayette County School District (Mississippi)
The **Lafayette County School District** is a public school district based in Lafayette County, Mississippi (USA).
The district serves Abbeville, Paris, Taylor, and Tula, as well as most unincorporated rural areas in Lafayette County. The district incorporates a few outerlying sections of Oxford.
The district administration, middle school, and high school are along Commodore Drive in the city limits of Oxford.
## Schools
All are in the Oxford city limits.
- Lafayette High School (Grades 9-12)
- Lafayette Middle School (Grades 7-8)
- Lafayette Upper Elementary School (Grades 3-6)
- Lafayette Lower Elementary School (Grades K-2)
## Demographics
### 2006-07 school year {#school_year}
There were a total of 2,394 students enrolled in the Lafayette County School District during the 2006--2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 47% female and 53% male. The racial makeup of the district was 29.20% African American, 69.13% White, 1.42% Hispanic, 0.13% Native American, and 0.13% Asian. 44.2% of the district\'s students were eligible to receive free lunch
| 171 |
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| 0 |
11,082,337 |
# Maurits Basse
**Maurits Basse** (5 September 1868 -- 18 February 1944) was a Belgian writer and teacher, one of the founders of the Liberaal Vlaams Verbond.
Basse was born at Ledeberg. He became a professor at the University of Ghent, where he remained until his death. He was editor of the journal *Het Volksbelang* and of the *De Vlaamse Gids*
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| 0 |
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# Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait
**Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait** (1922 -- 2005), known as \"Mehboob-e-Millat\", was an Indian politician, born in Bangalore in a Cutchi Memon family, who served as an Indian Union Muslim League Member of Parliament from northern Kerala several times. He was also a founding member of All India Muslim Personal Law Board.
In 1994, while serving as its National President, Sait severed ties with the Indian Union Muslim League and formed the Indian National League.
## Early life {#early_life}
Sait was born to Mohammed Sulaiman and Zainab Bai on 3 November 1922 at Bangalore. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts under-graduate degree from St. Joseph\'s College, Bangalore.
He married Mariyam Bai, from Mattancherry, in 1949.
## Member of Parliament {#member_of_parliament}
Sait served as the National President of Indian Union Muslim League from 1973 to 1994.
### Lok Sabha {#lok_sabha}
Election Year Vote share (%) Parliamentary Constituency Party
--------------- ---------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------
1991 53.08 Ponnani Indian Union Muslim League
1989 49.84 Manjeri
1984 50.90
1980 53.61
1977 61
| 169 |
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| 0 |
11,082,364 |
# Lou McGarity
**Robert Louis McGarity** (July 22, 1917 -- August 28, 1971) was an American jazz trombonist who was a member of the Benny Goodman big band during the late 1930s and early 1940s. After serving in the military, he was a studio musician in New York City who performed in clubs at night with Eddie Condon and the Lawson/Haggard band. He was member of the World\'s Greatest Jazz Band at the end of the 1960s.
## Discography
### As leader {#as_leader}
- *Music from Some Like it Hot* (Jubille, 1957)
- *Blue Lou* (Argo, 1960)
### As sideman {#as_sideman}
**With Kenny Davern**
- *A Night With Eddie Condon* (Arbors)
**With Benny Goodman**
- *Peggy Lee & Benny Goodman: The Complete Recordings* (Columbia)
**With Urbie Green**
- *All About Urbie Green and His Big Band* (ABC-Paramount, 1956)
**With Bobby Hackett**
- *Creole Cookin\'* (Verve, 1967)
**With J. J. Johnson**
- *J.J
| 152 |
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| 0 |
11,082,393 |
# SMW United States Junior Heavyweight Championship
The **SMW United States Junior Heavyweight Championship** was a singles title in Smoky Mountain Wrestling. It existed from 1992 until the promotion\'s close in 1995. There were three officially recognized champions and eight title reigns, with Bobby Blaze holding the title a record four times. Because the championship is a professional wrestling championship, it is won and lost competitively. The championship is awarded after the Wrestler who is more "over" wins the match
| 80 |
SMW United States Junior Heavyweight Championship
| 0 |
11,082,399 |
# Nico Verhoeven
**Nicolaas (\"Nico\") Cornelis Maria Verhoeven** (born 2 October 1961 in Berkel-Enschot, North Brabant) is a Dutch retired road bicycle racer, who was a professional rider from 1985 to 1995. He represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, in the individual road race where he didn\'t finish the race. Verhoeven won the first stage in the 1987 Tour de France
| 67 |
Nico Verhoeven
| 0 |
11,082,406 |
# Imperial shag
The **imperial shag** or **imperial cormorant** (***Leucocarbo atriceps***) is a black-and-white cormorant native to southern South America, islands of the Subantarctic, and the Antarctic Peninsula, primarily in rocky coastal regions, but locally also at large inland lakes. Some taxonomic authorities, including the International Ornithologists\' Union, place it in the genus *Leucocarbo*, others in the genus *Phalacrocorax*. It is also known as the **blue-eyed shag**, **blue-eyed cormorant** and by many other names, and is one of a larger group of cormorants called blue-eyed shags. The taxonomy is complex, and several types are treated as either subspecies or separate species.
## Taxonomy
The taxonomy is complex, and species limits within this group remain unresolved. Some taxonomic authorities, including the International Ornithologists\' Union, split the group into the species listed below. Others consider all or part of the group conspecific. The following are part of this group:
- Imperial shag, *Leucocarbo (atriceps) atriceps*, from coastal southern Chile and Argentina.
- King cormorant/white-bellied shag, *Leucocarbo (atriceps) albiventer*,{{#tag:ref\|The validity of *albiventer* is questionable, and some recent authorities consider it only a black-cheeked morph of *atriceps* (*sensu stricto*). This black-cheeked type occurs together with \"normal\" white-cheeked *atriceps* at some localities in southern mainland South America. There are no known behavioral isolating mechanism between the two and hybrids do occur.\|group=NB}} from the Falkland Islands, and locally in southern Argentina and Chile.
- Antarctic shag, *Leucocarbo (atriceps) bransfieldensis*, from the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands.
- South Georgia shag, *Leucocarbo (atriceps) georgianus*, from the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, and South Orkney Islands.
- Heard Island shag, *Leucocarbo (atriceps) nivalis*, from Heard Island.
- Crozet shag, *Leucocarbo (atriceps) melanogenis*, from the Crozet and Prince Edward Islands.
- Macquarie shag, *Leucocarbo (atriceps) purpurascens*, from Macquarie Island.
While some authorities consider all of the above --- except *albiventer* --- as separate species, others consider all as subspecies of a single species (as done in this article). Alternatively, some recognize two species, the white-cheeked *L. atriceps* (with subspecies *bransfieldensis*, *nivalis* and *georgianus*) and the black-cheeked *L. albiventer* (with subspecies *melanogenis* and *purpurascens*), or it has been suggested that three species should be recognized: *L. atriceps* (including *albiventer*), *L. georgianus* (with subspecies *bransfieldensis* and *nivalis*), and *L. melanogenis* (with subspecies *purpurascens* and possibly *verrucosus*, though the latter is more distinctive, and most consider it a separate species, the Kerguelen shag).
## Description
The imperial shag has a total length of 70 - and weighs 1.8 -, with males usually larger than females. It is endowed with glossy black feathers covering most of its body, with a white belly and neck. It possesses a distinctive ring of blue skin around its eyes, an orange-yellow nasal knob, pinkish legs and feet, and an erectile black crest. During the non-breeding season, adults lack the crest, have a duller facial area, and less or no white to the back and wings. It has a serrated bill used for catching fish.
The group varies primarily in the amount of white on the cheeks/ear-coverts, wing-coverts and back. Most taxa have white cheeks and ear-coverts, but these are black in *albiventer*, *purpurascens* and *melanogenis*. Chicks are uniform brownish, and immatures are brownish and white (instead of black and white), have dull facial skin, and lack the orange-yellow nasal knob and blue eye-ring.
## Behavior
### Breeding
This is a colonial, monogamous species. The colonies are usually relatively small, but some consist of hundreds of pairs and are often shared with other seabirds such as rock shags, southern rockhopper penguins and black-browed albatrosses. Up to five eggs (usually two or three) are placed in a nest made of seaweed and grass, and cemented together with mud and excrement. The eggs usually hatch in about five weeks, and are brooded by both parents. Many chicks and eggs are lost to predators such as skuas and sheathbills.
### Feeding
The diet of this species consists of small benthic fish, crustaceans, polychaetes, gastropods and octopuses. They primarily feed on fish, especially Argentine anchoita,. Mean diving depth is almost 25 m, and they have been filmed diving as deep as 60 m to forage on the sea floor. Most feeding takes place in inshore regions, but at least some populations will travel some distance from the shore to fish.
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# Imperial shag
## Status
Overall this species is not considered threatened and is consequently listed as Least Concern by BirdLife International and IUCN. Most subspecies are relatively common, with estimates of over 10,000 pairs of each
| 37 |
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# Hans Daams
**Johannes (\"Hans\") Wilhelmus Antonius Daams** (born 19 January 1962) is a retired road bicycle racer from the Netherlands, who was a professional rider from 1985 to 1989. He represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, in the individual road race where he didn\'t finish the race.
His daughter Jessie Daams is also a professional road bicycle racer
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| 0 |
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# Twan Poels
**Antonius Johannes Petrus Poels** (born 27 July 1963 in Oeffelt) is a retired Dutch professional cyclist.
In 1984, Poels rode the road race in the 1984 Summer Olympics as a member of the Dutch team, but did not finish.
Poels became a professional cyclist in 1985 for the `{{UCI team code|RAB|1985}}`{=mediawiki} team. He stayed with this team (that became `{{UCI team code|RAB|1987|nolink=yes}}`{=mediawiki} in 1987 and `{{UCI team code|RAB|1990|nolink=yes}}`{=mediawiki} in 1990) until he retired in 1992. He rode the Tour de France five times, finishing every time. After his professional career, he became an estate agent
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# Green Cape Lighthouse
The **Green Cape Lighthouse** is a heritage-listed lighthouse located at the tip of Green Cape, a headland forming the northern boundary of Disaster Bay, in southern New South Wales, Australia. It is the southernmost lighthouse in New South Wales and Australia\'s first lighthouse built in concrete. At 29 m it is also the tallest lighthouse in New South Wales. It marks Green Cape on the northerly shore-hugging sailing course.
The lighthouse was designed by James Barnet and built from 1881 to 1883 by Albert Wood Aspinall. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 1 February 2013.
## History
Green Cape is traditionally part of the Yuin nation and is the land of the Thaua people. The land occupied by the Thaua group stretches from Merimbula in the north, to Green Cape in the south, and west to the Dividing Range and has traditionally been divided between two groups -- the Katungal (coastal) and the Baianbal/Paienbara (forest) people.
The first contact between the European explorers and the Aboriginal people of the far southern region of NSW occurred in 1798 when Matthew Flinders visited Twofold Bay, south of Eden. On this exploratory journey, Flinders made reference to Green Point or, as he called it then, \"the Cape\". Permanent European settlement of the region did not, however, begin until the 1830s and 1840s when the pastoralist and whaling industries developed at Twofold Bay.
\"Twofold Bay afforded the potential for raising stock on unoccupied Crown Land in the vicinity of a commodious harbour\" and it quickly became a commercial and trading centre during the mid-nineteenth century. The Imlay brothers were the first settlers to permanently occupy the area from the late 1830s and established a pastoral and whaling company in the region.
The developing industries around Twofold Bay soon revealed the potential of the region and began attracting competition for the Imlay brothers. The British entrepreneur Ben Boyd arrived and went about establishing his own commercial empire during the 1840s -- the ambitious but short-lived \"Boyd Town\". By the time Boyd had entered the whaling industry, the once thriving business was reaching the end of its boom period -- the Imlay brothers had fallen victim to the economic depression in the late 1840s and, by 1849, Boyd too had abandoned his pastoral lands following the collapse of his empire.
Although whaling had not been a sustainable industry in the region, the Green Cape area was a notable point in the shipping trade along the NSW coastline. A prominent natural headland projecting out into Disaster Bay, Green Cape was a known obstacle for passing ships. Since shipping had accelerated following the gold rush of the 1850s, the entire NSW coastline, in fact, had been regarded as dangerous and increasingly treacherous. Despite the first lighthouse being constructed at South Head in 1818, it was some 40 years before the government systematically began installing lightstations along the coast.
Initially, consideration was only given to the north coast of NSW but, by 1872, the entire coastline was under review. Captain Francis Hixson, President of the Marine Board of NSW, famously proclaimed \"that he wanted the NSW coast \"illuminated like a street with lamps\" \" (NPWS \"Lighthouse Keeping (Part A)\", p15). Hixson was ultimately successful in achieving his vision -- by the early twentieth century, the \"highway of lights\" was complete with 25 coastal lighthouses and 12 in Sydney Harbour. The late nineteenth century had proven to be the most productive period for lighthouse construction in NSW.
The need for a lighthouse was approved in 1873 at the conference of the Principal Officers of Marine Departments of the Australian Colonies on a motion from Hixson, following a series of wrecks on the southern shore. After rounding Cape Howe, northerly ships would hug the shore to avoid the East Australian Current. Green Cape was the first major projection they would encounter. Original tenders were for a stone lighthouse and rubble quarters. However, with the soft local sedimentary, no one tendered. In 1870 the specifications were changed to concrete and a budget of £17,000 AUD was set.
With an approved design by the colonial architect James Barnet in 1880, a tender of £12,936 was accepted from Albert Aspinall in December 1880 to build a mass concrete tower for the lighthouse, three associated residential structures and a number of service buildings. Aspinall also received an additional 357 pounds for essential works at Bittangabee Bay.
Aspinall first had to find a way to move the materials from Eden to the site. The nearest safe anchorage was in Bittangabee Bay, north along the coast from Green Cape, where he built his storeroom and jetty. He then spent five months building a 7 km wooden tramway from Bittangabee Bay to the cape. Materials were transported to the site on wooden trolleys pulled by horses. This first phase was completed in June 1881, and Aspinall commenced the construction.
The construction of a lightstation at Green Cape was considered essential and the project was ambitious from its beginnings. Concrete construction was a bold initiative for the period and Green Cape Lightstation was one of the earliest and most extensive concrete constructions ever attempted in Australia and the tallest in NSW at the time. Prior to 1880, some small houses were built using concrete but no public buildings, and certainly none as substantial as the Green Cape, had been constructed using the material.
Work began in 1881 but Aspinall soon encountered significant difficulties that led to increasing delays and an extension of the budget to over 18,000 pounds. A 20-foot thick clay bed required extensive excavation and, with drifting sand continually covering the tramway and building foundations, the demanding circumstances of the build led to the eventual financial collapse of Aspinall\'s career. Ultimately, the Green Cape Lightstation was completed by his creditors and was fully operational, with a kerosene-powered light visible for 35 km, by 1883. The final cost for the lighthouse was 19,388 pounds, 8 shillings and 9 pence.
The original apparatus, still mounted in the lantern, is a Chance Bros. 1st order revolving Fresnel lens dioptric. Its light characteristic was one flash every 50 seconds and it was visible to 19 nmi. The light source was a four-wick kerosene-burning lamp with an intensity of 100,000 cd.
The newly completed Green Cape Lightstation was in this functional state on 30 May 1886 -- the night of the `{{SS|Ly-ee-Moon|1859|2}}`{=mediawiki} disaster. On a clear, calm night en route from Melbourne to Sydney, the paddle-steamer ran full-speed into rocks at the base of the lighthouse and quickly broke apart. Seventy-one lives were lost in the sinking -- one of the greatest losses of human life in a single shipwreck in the state\'s history. Fifteen men (ten crew and five passengers) survived the shipwreck but only 24 bodies were ever recovered and buried in unmarked graves in a small cemetery a short distance from the lightstation. Flora MacKillop, the mother of Mary MacKillop, died in that accident.
The wreck of the *Ly-ee-Moon* is considered to be one of NSW\'s worst maritime disasters but the far south coast of NSW has been responsible for a number of shipwrecks since the nineteenth century. Often caused by heavy seas and rough weather, Disaster Bay has become \"a veritable graveyard\" of ships.
In 1910 the light source was replaced with a Douglas vaporised kerosene burner and a glass chimney around a silk mantle, made by Chance Bros. In 1913 it was recommended to change the light characteristic to a white flash every 10 seconds. However, it took 16 years until this recommendation was accepted, in 1926. Previous to that, in 1923, the light source was upgraded to a Ford Schmidt burner which increased the intensity of the light to 327,000 cd.
Throughout the twentieth century, the Green Cape Lightstation underwent the same technical advancements as did all coastal lighthouses in Australia. With responsibility transferred to the Commonwealth in 1911, the lightstation was converted from kerosene to electricity in 1962. In 1962 the tower was electrified with diesel generators serving as the power source. The manual winding system was also replaced with an electric motor. The lightglove used provided a light intensity of 475,000 cd. In 1967 improved generators were installed together with a 1000 W Tungsten-halogen lamp with an intensity of 1,000,000 cd, visible over 20 nmi. The light characteristic was changed to two flashes every ten seconds. At some later point, the power source was changed to the mains electricity. The lighthouse was then gradually de-manned over the next 30 years.
In 1992 a solar powered lens on a modern lattice skeletal steel tower was constructed right next to the historic tower, and the light was officially turned off on 17 March 1992. The new light operates a 36 W lamp with an intensity of 37,500 cd. With this conversion, the lightstation was effectively de-manned and a caretaker installed at the site. Since being replaced by a new and fully automatic lighthouse, the station has become a tourist destination and is being increasingly recognised for its heritage values. In 2009, Green Cape Lightstation was designated an Engineering Heritage National Landmark -- the first lighthouse to be accorded this level of recognition in Australia.
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# Green Cape Lighthouse
## Description
Green Cape is the location of the southernmost lightstation in NSW -- some 400 km from Sydney and 27 km north of the Victorian border.
The lightstation is a tightly knit complex of buildings that comprises the original lighthouse; the 1994 light tower; the Head Keepers Quarters; duplex quarters for the two Assistant Keepers; stables; telegraph station; ancillary buildings; communication tower; solar panels; and remnant foundations of various structures.
At the eastern end of the main precinct, the Green Cape Lighthouse stands 29m tall, 23m above sea level. An octagonal concrete tower on a square base, the lighthouse is built of locally quarried rock aggregate and was finished with a Chance Bros lantern house. A small domed building, formerly used as an oil store, adjoins the lighthouse. The complex of buildings that make up the lightstation include a number of simple painted rendered brick buildings typical of rural lightstations around Australia. The residences of the Head Keeper and the two Assistant Keepers (and families) were built in the Victorian Regency style and retain much of their original features and layout. The Head Keepers Quarters comprises four bedrooms with a parlour and living room, surrounded by a verandah on three sides. An adjoining annex houses storage rooms and an updated bathroom and kitchen. The Assistant Keepers Quarters are an identical duplex comprising two bedrooms, a living room, dining room, kitchen and bathroom (similarly updated). The duplexes are surrounded by verandahs on three sides also. The original arrangement of the quarters remains identifiable but a door has been fitted between the two living rooms to enable its use as a single residence.
The original form of the other buildings in the lightstation complex (the stables, telegraph station etc.) are also evident despite later modifications that were made to support changes in use over time. Immediately outside of the lightstation precinct, and 300m from the lighthouse, is the Ly-ee-Moon cemetery and, located off-shore, the shipwreck itself. The small cemetery is bound by a simple metal wire fence and contains 23 graves, each marked by a pair of white head and foot stones. The graves are positioned in two rows of ten and one smaller row of three but, with the passing of time, the graves are no longer identifiable. A bronze plaque was placed in the southern corner in 1986, on the centenary of the disaster.
Located further afield, some 7 km north of the lightstation at Bittangabee Bay, there are remnants of the original port and jetty that was built prior to the construction of the lighthouse. A mass concrete store still stands (without windows, doors or a roof); concrete footings of the former jetty are evident on the rocky shore and there are existing remnants of the beginning of the tramway that transported materials and equipment to Green Cape for the construction of the lightstation.
The ongoing use of the site as a lighthouse and as a tourist destination has ensured that the site is maintained to a very good standard. Permanent staff in residence at the site see to its day-to-day maintenance.
Despite more recent alterations and modifications to kitchen and bathroom facilities to ensure the ongoing use of the site, the original detail and layout of the main buildings in the lightstation remains clearly evident today.
Although the lightstation buildings have undergone some modifications to support the ongoing use of the site, the original detail and layout of the buildings remains evident today. The layout of each of the residential buildings remains largely unaltered but the facilities have been updated.
Recent modifications to the site include the conversion of the Head Keepers and Assistant Keepers Quarters to residences for the site caretaker and for holiday accommodation. Today, the site also has had solar panel boards installed and new fencing, car park and walking trails created.
In 2012, the National Parks and Wildlife Service undertook necessary maintenance works (including rust removal, reglazing the light tower dome, treating rising damp in the residences, roof works, new paint, timber replacement and an electricity upgrade).
As a complex, the integrity of the lightstation and its ability to demonstrate its history remains strong. This ability is reflected in its contemporary use as a tourist destination.
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# Green Cape Lighthouse
## Site operation {#site_operation}
The current light is operated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority. The site is managed by the Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water as part of the Beowa National Park.
## Visiting
The grounds are open to the public, and the tower is open to guided tours on some days of the week. Reservations for the guided tours are recommended. Accommodation is available in the two assistant keepers\' cottages which sleep up to six people each
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| 2 |
11,082,489 |
# William J. Elfving
**William Johnson Elfving** (born March 17, 1941) is an American lawyer and former judge of the Superior Court of California, County of Santa Clara. He was appointed to the bench on November 13, 1997, and retired in 2017. Prior to his appointment he was in private practice for 30 years. He is the chair of the Superior Court Arbitration/ADR committee. He is most notable because of his many rulings on specialized areas of intellectual property law.
## Education
He earned a Bachelor of Arts from Stanford University in 1962 and a Juris Doctor from the University of California, Los Angeles School of Law in 1965.
## Military service {#military_service}
After completing law school, he served as a Captain in the United States Army from 1965 to 1967.
## Legal & Judicial career {#legal_judicial_career}
From 1967 to 1997 he was a shareholder with Hoge, Fenton, Jones & Appel.
He was appointed to the Santa Clara County Superior Court by Governor Pete Wilson on November 13, 1997, and remained there until he retired in 2017.
### Notable rulings {#notable_rulings}
In a 1999--2000 case involving the DVD crack DeCSS, which allows users to evade copyright protections on DVDs allowing them to directly upload content onto their hard disk drive, he first denied the industry\'s \"very broad request\" for a temporary restraining order banning websites from the sale or distribution of the program or linking to places where it might be found, but later issued a preliminary injunction barring sites from selling or distributing the program. (See Universal v. Reimerdes.)
On September 21, 2008, he issued a summary judgment finding for Google in a closely watched age discrimination lawsuit, concluding that former director of operations, Brian Reid, had not supplied to the court sufficient evidence supporting the claims that he was fired in February 2004 because of his age. Reid alleged he was fired because he \"didn\'t fit in with the company\'s youthful culture.\"
In 2009, he found that Yvonne Wong, a dentist, could continue to sue a couple who posted a negative review on Yelp alleging that \"those statements libeled her and caused her emotional distress\". In her lawsuit, Wong alleged that Tai Jing and Jia Ma defamed her by complaining on Yelp about the treatment their son received when he was 4 years old; they alleged the boy became lightheaded from laughing gas and had received a filling containing mercury. The ruling was reversed by the California Sixth District Court of Appeals in 2010
## Other activities & post retirement {#other_activities_post_retirement}
He is a former director of the Santa Clara County Legal Aid Society.
After his retirement from the bench, he worked as an arbitrator and mediator in the JAMS Silicon Valley Resolution Center
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# John Abell
**John Abell** (1653 -- after 1724) was a Scottish countertenor, composer and lutenist.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
John Abell was born in 1653 in Aberdeenshire and by 1 May 1679 he had become a member of the Chapel Royal. He was listed as a singer, lutenist and violinist for King Charles II. He was sent to Venice by the king as an example of a high quality English voice, returning by 1682. Between 1679 and 1688, he received large amounts of money from the king to study. During this time he graduated from Cambridge with a MusB and married Lady Frances Knollys on 29 December 1685.
During the Glorious Revolution of 1688 he fled to continental Europe, where he won fame and wealth by his singing. There are several anecdotes relating to his travels from this time, several from the writings of Hawkins. `{{Blockquote
|text=Upon his arrival at [[Warsaw]], the king having notice of it, sent for him to his court. Abell made some slight excuse to evade going, but upon being told that he had everything to fear from the king’s resentment, he made an apology, and received a command to attend the king next day. Upon his arrival at the palace, he was seated in a chair in the middle of a spacious hall, and immediately drawn up to a great height; presently the king with his attendants appeared in a gallery opposite to him, and at the same instant a number of wild bears were turned in; the king bade him then choose whether he would sing or be let down among the bears: Abell chose the former, and declared afterwards that he never sang so well in his life.
|author=J. Hawkins
}}`{=mediawiki} Daniel Purcell attempted to coax Abell back to England in 1696 for a salary of £500 per year (worth over £1 million in 2019) however, he declined. In Kassel he was made Intendant of Music (1698--1699), before returning to England around 1700, where in 1701 he performed the title role in Daniel Purcell\'s *The Judgment of Paris*: in the following year his coronation song for Queen Anne, *Aloud proclaim the cheerful sound*, was performed.
He also gave public and private concerts, and taught music. Furthermore, he wrote and compiled songs in the Italian style of the time, with a collection of his being published in 1701 and another posthumously in 1740. He lived his later years in Cambridge, where he is thought to have died, some time after 1716
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# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
This page lists the football squads, in order with the gold medallists first, of the 11 participating nations at the men\'s football tournament at the 1912 Summer Olympics. The tournament was contested in and around Stockholm, Sweden, between 29 June and 6 July 1912.
## Great Britain {#great_britain}
Head coach: *Arthur Birch*
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+======+===================+============+=====+=======+====================+=============+=============+
| \- | GK | Horace Bailey | 1881-07-03 | 31 | 6+5 | Birmingham | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Arthur Berry | 1888-01-03 | 24 | 20+1 | Everton | 2 | 1 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Ronald Brebner | 1881-09-23 | 30 | 12+0 | Leicester Fosse | 3 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Thomas Burn | 1888-11-29 | 23 | 4+0 | London Caledonians | 3 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Leonard Dawe | 1889-11-03 | 22 | 1+0 | Southampton | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Joseph Dines | 1886-04-12 | 26 | 7+0 | Ilford F.C. | 3 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Edward Hanney | 1889-01-19 | 23 | 2+0 | Reading | 1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Gordon Hoare | 1884-04-18 | 26 | 7+0 | Glossop North End | 3 | 2 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Arthur Knight | 1887-09-07 | 24 | 7+0 | Portsmouth F.C. | 3 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Henry Littlewort | 1882-07-07 | 29 | 3+0 | Glossop North End | 3 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | William Martin | 1885-03-23 | 27 | 5+0 | Ilford F.C. | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Douglas McWhirter | 1886-08-13 | 25 | 1+0 | Leicester Fosse | 1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Sydney Sanders | 1890-06-09 | 22 | 2+0 | Nunhead F.C. | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Ivan Sharpe | 1889-06-15 | 23 | 2+0 | Derby County | 3 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Harold Stamper | 1889-10-06 | 22 | 0+0 | Stockton F.C. | 1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Harold Walden | 1889-10-10 | 22 | 0+0 | Bradford City | 3 | 9 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Vivian Woodward | 1879-06-03 | 33 | 20+23 | Chelsea | 3 | 2 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Gordon Wright | 1884-10-03 | 27 | 13+1 | Hull City | 1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------+------------+-----+-------+--------------------+-------------+-------------+
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# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
## Denmark
Head coach: Louis Østrup
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+=======+========================+============+=====+======+========+=============+=============+
| \- | MF | Paul Berth | 1890-04-07 | 22 | 1 | AB | 3 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Charles Buchwald | 1880-10-22 | 31 | 4 | AB | 3 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Svend Aage Castella | 1890-03-15 | 22 | 1 | KB | 0 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Hjalmar Christoffersen | 1889-12-01 | 22 | 0 | Frem | 1 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Ludvig Drescher | 1881-07-21 | 30 | 4 | KB | 0 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Axel Dyrberg | 1889-11-09 | 22 | 0 | B 1903 | 0 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Harald Hansen | 1884-03-14 | 28 | 4 | B93 | 3 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Sophus Hansen | 1889-11-16 | 22 | 1 | Frem | 3 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Emil Jørgensen | 1882-02-07 | 30 | 1 | B93 | 2 | 1 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Ivar Lykke | 1889-03-07 | 23 | 1 | KB | 1 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Viggo Malmqvist | 1892-05-01 | 20 | 0 | B93 | 0 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF/DF | Nils Middelboe | 1887-10-05 | 24 | 5 | KB | 3 | 1 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Christian Morville | 1891-12-03 | 20 | 0 | KB | 0 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Oskar Nielsen | 1882-10-04 | 29 | 3 | KB | 2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Poul Nielsen | 1891-12-25 | 20 | 2 | KB | 1 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Sophus Nielsen | 1888-03-15 | 24 | 5 | Frem | 3 | 2 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Anthon Olsen | 1889-09-14 | 22 | 0 | B93 | 3 | 7 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Axel Petersen | 1887-12-10 | 24 | 1 | Frem | 1 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Axel Thufason | 1889-11-11 | 22 | 1 | B93 | 1 | 0 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Vilhelm Wolfhagen | 1889-11-11 | 22 | 4 | KB | 3 | 1 |
+-----+-------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+--------+-------------+-------------+
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# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
## Netherlands
Head coach: `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} Edgar Chadwick
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+======+=============================+============+=====+======+==================+=============+=============+
| \- | DF | Piet Bouman | 1892-10-14 | 19 | 0 | FC Dordrecht | 2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Joop Boutmy | 1894-04-29 | 18 | 0 | HBS Craeyenhout | 3 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Nico Bouvy | 1892-07-11 | 19 | 1 | FC Dordrecht | 4 | 3 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Huug de Groot | 1890-05-07 | 22 | 1 | Sparta Rotterdam | 4 | 2 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Bok de Korver | 1883-01-27 | 29 | 25 | Sparta Rotterdam | 1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Nico de Wolf | 1887-10-27 | 24 | 2 | HFC Haarlem | 2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Wilhelmus Martinus van Eeck | 1893-03-13 | 19 | 0 | GVC Wageningen | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Constant Feith | 1884-08-03 | 27 | 6 | HVV Den Haag | 2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Ge Fortgens | 1887-07-10 | 24 | 6 | AFC Ajax | 2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Just Göbel | 1891-11-21 | 20 | 7 | Vitesse Arnhem | 4 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Felix von Heijden | 1890-04-11 | 22 | 0 | Quick Nijmegen | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Martien Houtkooper | 1891-10-27 | 20 | 0 | HFC Haarlem | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Dirk Lotsy | 1882-07-03 | 29 | 2 | FC Dordrecht | 4 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Caesar ten Cate | 1890-08-20 | 21 | 0 | HFC Haarlem | 3 | 1 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Dolf van der Nagel | 1889-05-28 | 23 | 0 | HFC Haarlem | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Jan van Breda Kolff | 1894-01-18 | 18 | 5 | HVV Den Haag | 4 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Jan van der Sluis | 1889-04-29 | 23 | 0 | VOC Rotterdam | 1 | 2 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Jan Vos | 1888-04-17 | 24 | 2 | UVV Utrecht | 4 | 8 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | David Wijnveldt | 1891-12-15 | 20 | 0 | UD Deventer | 4 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------------------+------------+-----+------+------------------+-------------+-------------+
Note: Goalkeeper Wiet Ledeboer was injured on 15 Jun and was replaced by Van Eeck. Source: <http://kranten.kb.nl> `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307042439/http://kranten.kb.nl/ |date=2013-03-07 }}`{=mediawiki}, <http://leiden.courant.nu/>.
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# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
## Finland
Head coach: ***none***
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+======+========================+============+=====+======+============================+=============+=============+
| \- | GK | Gustaf Holmström | 1888-11-27 | 23 | 1 | IF Kamraterna Helsingfors | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Jalmari Holopainen | 1882-06-29 | 30 | 2 | HJK | 4 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Viljo Lietola | 1888-10-25 | 23 | 2 | HJK | 3 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Gösta Bernhard Löfgren | 1891-09-10 | 20 | 2 | IF Kamraterna Helsingfors | 4 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Knut Lund | 1891-07-17 | 20 | 0 | IF Kamraterna Helsingfors | 4 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Algoth Niska | 1888-12-05 | 23 | 2 | IF Kamraterna Helsingfors | 4 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Artturi Nyyssönen | 1892-05-01 | 20 | 1 | HJK | 4 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Jarl Öhman | 1891-11-14 | 20 | 2 | IF Kamraterna Helsingfors | 4 | 2 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Lars Schybergson | 1894-12-17 | 17 | 0 | Kronohagens IF Helsingfors | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Eino Soinio | 1894-11-12 | 17 | 1 | HJK | 4 | 1 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Kaarlo Soinio | 1888-01-28 | 24 | 2 | HJK | 1 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | August Syrjäläinen | 1891-04-24 | 21 | 1 | Viipurin Reipas | 4 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Lauri Tanner | 1890-11-20 | 21 | 1 | HJK | 1 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Bror Wiberg | 1890-06-14 | 22 | 1 | IF Kamraterna Helsingfors | 4 | 2 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Ragnar Wickström | 1892-11-12 | 19 | 1 | Kronohagens IF Helsingfors | 3 | 0 |
+-----+------+------------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------------+-------------+-------------+
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# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
## Hungary
Head coach: `{{flagicon|HUN|1867}}`{=mediawiki} Ede Herczog
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+======+=================+============+=====+======+=================================+=============+=============+
| \- | MF | Gyula Bíró | 1890-05-10 | 22 | 20 | MTK Budapest | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Zoltán Blum | 1892-01-03 | 20 | 1 | Ferencvárosi TC | 0+2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Sándor Bodnár | 1890-06-16 | 21 | 9 | Magyar Athlétikai Club Budapest | 1+2 | 0+1 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Gáspár Borbás | 1884-07-26 | 27 | 27 | Ferencvárosi TC | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Sándor Bródy | 1884-08-12 | 27 | 15 | Ferencvárosi TC | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | László Domonkos | 1887-10-10 | 24 | 18 | MTK Budapest | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Miklós Fekete | 1892-02-10 | 20 | 0 | Terézvárosi TC Budapest | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Jenő Károly | 1886-01-15 | 26 | 21 | Budapesti Athlétikai Club | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Vilmos Kertész | 1890-03-21 | 22 | 4 | MTK Budapest | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Mihály Pataki | 1893-12-07 | 18 | 1 | Ferencvárosi TC | 1+1 | 0+1 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Imre Payer | 1888-06-01 | 24 | 5 | Ferencvárosi TC | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Béla Révész | 1887-02-06 | 25 | 6 | MTK Budapest | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Gyula Rumbold | 1887-12-06 | 24 | 21 | Ferencvárosi TC | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Béla Sebestyén | 1885-01-23 | 27 | 18 | MTK Budapest | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Imre Schlosser | 1889-10-11 | 22 | 29 | Ferencvárosi TC | 1+2 | 0+4 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Kálmán Szury | 1890-02-04 | 22 | 1 | Budapesti Athlétikai Club | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | István Tóth | 1891-07-28 | 20 | 2 | Nemzeti Sport Club | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Antal Vágó | 1891-09-08 | 20 | 6 | MTK Budapest | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Károly Zsák | 1895-08-30 | 16 | 0 | 33 FC Budapest | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
The following players were also named as reserves, but did not play in any matches: György Hlavay, Károly Kóródy
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# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
## Austria
Head coach: ***none*** ÖFB committee
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+=======+=====================+============+=====+======+===================+=============+=============+
| \- | FW | Gustav Blaha | 1888-01-01 | 24 | 0 | SK Rapid Wien | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Josef Brandstätter | 1891-11-07 | 20 | 0 | SK Rapid Wien | 2+3 | 0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF/DF | Karl Braunsteiner | 1891-10-27 | 20 | 1 | Wiener Sportclub | 2+3 | 0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Robert Cimera | 1887-09-17 | 24 | 2 | DFC Prag | 2+3 | 1+0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Bernhard Graubart | 1888-12-22 | 23 | 1 | DFC Prag | 2+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Leopold Grundwald | 1891-10-28 | 20 | 0 | SK Rapid Wien | 0+3 | 0+3 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Ludwig Hussak | 1883-07-31 | 28 | 10 | Wiener Amateure | 2+2 | 0+1 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Josef Kaltenbrunner | 1888-01-22 | 24 | 6 | SK Rapid Wien | 0+3 | 0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Ladislaus Kurpiel | 1883-11-13 | 28 | 4 | DFC Prag | 2+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Robert Merz | 1887-11-25 | 24 | 5 | DFC Prag | 2+2 | 2+0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Alois Müller | 1890-06-07 | 22 | 0 | Wiener Sportclub | 2+3 | 1+1 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Leopold Neubauer | 1889-10-15 | 22 | 6 | Wiener Sportclub | 2+3 | 1+0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Otto Noll | 1882-07-24 | 29 | 1 | DFC Prag | 2+0 | 0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Johann Studnicka | 1883-10-12 | 28 | 9 | Wiener AC | 2+1 | 1+1 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Franz Weber | 1888-07-03 | 23 | 3 | Vienna | 0+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+-------------------+-------------+-------------+
The following players were also named as reserves, but did not play in any matches: Hans Andres, Adolf Fischera, Richard Kohn, Heinrich Retschury, Jakob Swatosch, Felix Tekusch, Karl Tekusch
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# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
## Germany
Head coach: ***none*** DFB committee
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+======+=================+============+=====+======+====================================+=============+=============+
| \- | MF | Hermann Bosch | 1891-03-10 | 21 | 0 | Karlsruher FV | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Max Breunig | 1888-11-12 | 23 | 5 | Karlsruher FV | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Karl Burger | 1883-12-12 | 28 | 10 | SpVgg Fürth | 0+1 | 0+1 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Fritz Förderer | 1888-01-05 | 24 | 7 | Karlsruher FV | 0+2 | 0+5 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Gottfried Fuchs | 1889-05-03 | 23 | 3 | Karlsruher FV | 0+2 | 0+10 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Josef Glaser | 1887-05-11 | 25 | 4 | Freiburger FC | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Walter Hempel | 1887-08-12 | 24 | 10 | FC Sportfreunde 1900 Leipzig | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Julius Hirsch | 1892-04-07 | 20 | 2 | Karlsruher FV | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Ernst Hollstein | 1886-12-09 | 25 | 4 | Karlsruher FV | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Adolf Jäger | 1889-03-31 | 23 | 4 | Altonaer FC Hamburg | 1+0 | 1+0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Eugen Kipp | 1885-02-26 | 27 | 11 | Stuttgarter Sportfreunde 1896 | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Georg Krogmann | 1886-09-04 | 25 | 1 | Holstein Kiel | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Emil Oberle | 1889-11-16 | 22 | 3 | Karlsruher FC Phönix 1894 | 0+2 | 0+1 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Hans Reese | 1891-09-17 | 20 | 0 | Holstein Kiel | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Helmut Röpnack | 1884-09-23 | 27 | 4 | BTuFC Viktoria 89 | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Otto Thiel | 1891-11-23 | 20 | 1 | BFC Preussen | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Camillo Ugi | 1884-12-21 | 27 | 11 | Vereinigte Breslauer Sportfreunde | 0+2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Karl Uhle | 1887-07-06 | 24 | 0 | VfB Leipzig | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Albert Weber | 1888-11-21 | 23 | 1 | Berliner FC Vorwärts 1890 | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Karl Wegele | 1887-09-27 | 24 | 6 | Karlsruher FC Phönix 1894 | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Adolf Werner | 1886-10-19 | 25 | 11 | SC Victoria Hamburg | 0+2 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Willi Worpitzky | 1886-08-25 | 25 | 7 | BTuFC Viktoria 89 | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-----------------+------------+-----+------+------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 549 |
Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
| 6 |
11,082,513 |
# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
## Italy
Head coach: `{{flagicon|ITA|1861}}`{=mediawiki} Vittorio Pozzo
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+=======+============================+============+=====+======+=====================+=============+=============+
| \- | FW | Luigi Barbesino | 1894-05-01 | 18 | 0 | Casale F.C. | 0+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Felice Berardo | 1888-07-06 | 23 | 4 | U.S. Pro Vercelli | 1+2 | 0+1 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF/MF | Angelo Binaschi | 1889-01-15 | 23 | 4 | U.S. Pro Vercelli | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Franco Bontadini | 1893-01-07 | 19 | 0 | F.C. Internazionale | 1+2 | 1+1 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Piero Campelli | 1893-12-20 | 18 | 0 | F.C. Internazionale | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Carlo De Marchi | 1890-03-25 | 22 | 0 | Torino F.C. | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Renzo De Vecchi | 1894-02-03 | 18 | 6 | Milan C.F.C. | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Pietro Leone | 1888-01-13 | 24 | 2 | U.S. Pro Vercelli | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Edoardo Mariani | 1893-03-05 | 19 | 1 | Genoa C.F.C. | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Giuseppe Milano | 1887-09-26 | 24 | 5 | U.S. Pro Vercelli | 1+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Vittorio Morelli di Popolo | 1888-05-11 | 24 | 0 | Torino F.C. | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Enrico Sardi | 1891-04-01 | 21 | 0 | S.G. Andrea Doria | 1+1 | 1+0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Modesto Valle | 1893-03-15 | 19 | 0 | U.S. Pro Vercelli | 0+2 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Enea Zuffi | 1889-12-27 | 22 | 0 | Torino F.C. | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| | | | | | | | | |
+-----+-------+----------------------------+------------+-----+------+---------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 380 |
Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
| 7 |
11,082,513 |
# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
## Sweden
Head coach: John Ohlson
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+======+=========================+============+=====+======+=================+=============+=============+
| \- | FW | Karl Ansén | 1887-07-26 | 24 | 10 | AIK | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Oskar Bengtsson | 1885-01-14 | 27 | 7 | Örgryte IS | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Erik Bergström | 1886-01-06 | 26 | 4 | Örgryte IS | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Erik Börjesson | 1888-12-01 | 23 | 5 | Örgryte IS | 1+1 | 1+0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Josef Börjesson | 1891-04-15 | 21 | 2 | Göteborgs FF | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Eric Dahlström | 1894-06-26 | 18 | 1 | IFK Eskilstuna | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Helge Ekroth | 1892-02-26 | 24 | 3 | AIK | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Götrik Frykman | 1891-12-01 | 20 | 2 | Djurgårdens IF | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Karl Gustafsson | 1888-09-16 | 23 | 10 | Köpings IS | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Oscar Gustafsson | 1889-09-25 | 22 | 1 | Johanneshofs IF | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Einar Halling-Johansson | 1893-10-14 | 18 | 2 | Örgryte IS | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Jacob Levin | 1890-11-22 | 21 | 4 | Örgryte IS | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Theodor Malm | 1889-10-23 | 22 | 8 | AIK | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Herman Myhrberg | 1889-12-29 | 22 | 6 | Örgryte IS | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Knut Nilsson | 1887-03-22 | 25 | 2 | AIK | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Gustav Sandberg | 1888-02-29 | 24 | 2 | Örgryte IS | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Henning Svensson | 1891-10-19 | 20 | 1 | IFK Göteborg | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Iwar Swensson | 1893-11-07 | 18 | 1 | IFK Norrköping | 1+1 | 2+0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Konrad Törnqvist | 1888-07-17 | 23 | 3 | IFK Göteborg | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Ragnar Wicksell | 1892-09-26 | 19 | 4 | Djurgårdens IF | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+-------------------------+------------+-----+------+-----------------+-------------+-------------+
| 486 |
Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
| 8 |
11,082,513 |
# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
## Norway
Head coach: `{{flagicon|ENG}}`{=mediawiki} James Vincent Hayes
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+======+=====================+============+=====+======+======================+=============+=============+
| \- | DF | Mathias Widerøe-Aas | 1886-12-12 | 25 | 2 | Mercantile | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Rolf Aas | 1891-10-12 | 20 | 1 | Mercantile | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Gunnar Andersen | 1890-03-18 | 22 | 2 | Lyn Kristiania | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Einar Friis Baastad | 1890-05-08 | 22 | 3 | Mercantile | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Sigurd Brekke | 1890-10-15 | 21 | 1 | Mercantile | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Julius Clementz | 1890-05-24 | 22 | 2 | Mercantile | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Paul Due | 1889-05-19 | 23 | 1 | Lyn Kristiania | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Hans Endrerud | 1885-10-13 | 26 | 4 | Mercantile | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Kaare Engebretsen | 1893-08-22 | 18 | 0 | Mercantile | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Thoralf Grubbe | 1891-07-20 | 20 | 1 | Odds Ballklubb Skien | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Per Haraldsen | 1892-12-05 | 19 | 1 | Odds Ballklubb Skien | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Charles Herlofson | 1891-06-15 | 21 | 4 | Mercantile | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Sverre Jensen | 1893-01-22 | 19 | 0 | SK Ready Kristiania | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Harald Johansen | 1887-10-09 | 24 | 5 | Mercantile | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Kristian Krefting | 1891-02-09 | 21 | 3 | Lyn Kristiania | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Marius Lund | 1888-02-01 | 24 | 0 | Odds Ballklubb Skien | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Erling Maartmann | 1887-11-03 | 24 | 3 | Lyn Kristiania | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Rolf Maartmann | 1887-11-03 | 24 | 3 | Lyn Kristiania | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Carl Pedersen | 1891-03-27 | 21 | 0 | Urædd FK Porsgrunn | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Ingolf Pedersen | 1890-12-07 | 21 | 2 | Odds Ballklubb Skien | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Henry Reinholt | 1890-01-16 | 22 | 1 | Odds Ballklubb Skien | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Per Skou | 1891-05-20 | 21 | 3 | Lyn Kristiania | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+---------------------+------------+-----+------+----------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 535 |
Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
| 9 |
11,082,513 |
# Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
## Russia
Head coach: Robert Fulda and Georgy Dyuperron
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| No. | Pos. | Player | DoB | Age | Caps | Club | Tournament\ | Tournament\ |
| | | | | | | | games | goals |
+=====+======+====================+============+=====+======+==========================+=============+=============+
| \- | MF | Andrey Akimov | 1890-10-12 | 21 | 0 | Orekhovo Klub Sport | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Pyotr Boreisha | 1885-02-05 | 27 | 0 | Neva St. Petersburg | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Vasily Butusov | 1892-02-07 | 20 | 0 | Unitas St. Petersburg | 1+1 | 1+0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | GK | Lev Favorsky | 1893 | 18 | 0 | Sokolnichesky Moscow | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Aleksandr Filippov | 1892 | 20 | 0 | Sokolniki Moscow | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Sergei Filippov | 1892-07-02 | 20 | 0 | Kolomyagi St. Petersburg | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Nikita Khromov | 1888-05-01 | 24 | 0 | Unitas St. Petersburg | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Nikolai Kynin | 1890 | 21 | 0 | Orekhovo Klub Sport | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Vladimir Markov | 1889-01-20 | 23 | 0 | Sport St. Petersburg | 1+0 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Grigori Nikitin | 1889 | 22 | 0 | Sport St. Petersburg | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Fyodor Rimsha | 1891 | 20 | 0 | Sokolnichesky Moscow | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Leonid Smirnov | 1889 | 22 | 0 | Union Moscow | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | FW | Mikhail Smirnov | 1892 | 30 | 0 | Union Moscow | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | DF | Pyotr Sokolov | 1890-12-28 | 21 | 0 | Unitas St. Petersburg | 1+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| | | | | | | | | |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Aleksei Uversky | 1886-02-14 | 26 | 0 | Sport St. Petersburg | 0+1 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Vladimir Vlasenko | 1881-01-14 | 31 | 0 | Mercur St. Petersburg | 0 | 0 |
+-----+------+--------------------+------------+-----+------+--------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| \- | MF | Mikhail Yakovlev | 1893-07-12 | 18 | 0 | Unitas St
| 443 |
Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics – Men's team squads
| 10 |
11,082,569 |
# Ovcha kupel
**Ovcha kupel** (*Овча купел* `{{IPA|bg|ˌɔft͡ʃɐ ˈkupɛɫ|}}`{=mediawiki}) is a district (*rayon*) of the Stolichna Municipality of Sofia City Province, Bulgaria.
The name of the neighborhood is applied to the thermal water that comes out on the earth\'s surface: shepherds who led their flocks there knew that the sheep willingly walk in the swampy meadows. After an earthquake in 1858, hot water gushed out and the sheep did not avoid it and were like bathed, hence the name, literally means \"sheep bath\" (*ovcha kupel*). On that place in 1933 was opened the Ovcha kupel Mineral Bath, built in 1925-1928 by architect `{{interlanguage link multi|Georgi Ovcharov|bg|Георги Овчаров}}`{=mediawiki}.
, it has 47,380 inhabitants. It is located starting at 6 km to the south-west of the city centre of Sofia, including the eastern part of the Lyulin Mountain. The district includes some neighborhoods of Sofia -- Ovcha kupel, Gorna banya, Suhodol, Karpuzitsa, and the village of Malo Buchino.
In the district are situated 3 institutions of higher education:
- Specialized Establishment of the Francophonie for Administration and Management;
- New Bulgarian University (with more than 7,000 students);
- Higher School of Insurance and Finance.
There are 9 schools (including the National educational complex in culture) and 5 houses of culture called *chitalishte,* the oldest of them built in 1922. The district is home of *Slavia* -- the oldest football club in Sofia, among the oldest in the country with a 25,556-seater stadium
| 240 |
Ovcha kupel
| 0 |
11,082,584 |
# Tokugawa Mitsusada
was a *daimyō* in Japan during the Edo period (1603--1868). Mitsusada was born as the son and heir of Tokugawa Yorinobu and a grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu with the childhood name Nagatomimaru (長福丸). Among his sons was the eighth Tokugawa shōgun Yoshimune. Norihime, a daughter of his, married Ichijō Kaneteru. He married the daughter of Prince Fushimi-no-Miya Sadakiyo, Yaso-no-Miya Teruko (who is also the sister of Asa no Miya Akiko who was 4th shōgun, Tokugawa Ietsuna\'s wife).
One of the gosanke, Mitsusada ruled the Wakayama Domain from its castle, his birthplace, in Wakayama. He reached the Junior Second court rank while alive, and was awarded the Junior First rank posthumously; he also held the ceremonial post of *gon-dainagon*. His grave is at Chōhō-ji in Wakayama. His other sons were Tokugawa Tsunanori (1665-1705) and Tokugawa Yoritomo (1680-1705).
## Family
- Father: Tokugawa Yorinobu
- Mother: Nakagawa-dono (1601-1666)
- Wife: Yaso-no-Miya Teruko later Tenshin\'in
- Concubines
- Yamada-dono later Zuiyoin
- Miyazaki-dono
- Chigusa-dono
- Oyuri no Kata (1655-1726)
- Children:
- Tokugawa Tsunanori (1665-1705) by Yamada, 4th Lord of Kishu and married Tsuruhime, daughter of 5th shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
- Jirokichi
- Tokugawa Yorimoto (1680-1705) by Miyazaki, 5th Lord of Kishu
- Tokugawa Yoshimune by Oyuri
- Sakae-Hime married Uesugi Tsunanori of Yonezawa Domain
- Norihime married Ichijo Kaneteru
- Tsunahime by Chigusa
- Ikuhime married Satake Yoshimitsu
## Ancestry
`{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Tokugawa Mitsusada, 2nd ''daimyō'' of [[Kishū Domain|Kishū]]'''
|2= 2. [[Tokugawa Yorinobu]], 1st ''daimyō'' of [[Kishū Domain|Kishū]] (1602-1671)
|3= 3. Nakagawa-dono
|4= 4. [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]], 1st [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa Shōgun]] (1543-1616)
|5= 5. [[:ja:養珠院|Yōjuin]] (1580-1653)
|6=
|7=
|8= 8.[[Matsudaira Hirotada]] (1526-1549)
|9= 9. [[:ja:於大の方|O-dainokata]] (1528-1602)
|10=10. [[:ja:正木頼忠|Masaki Yoritada]] (1551-1622)
|11=11. Hōjō
|12=
|13=
|14=
|15=
|16= 16. [[Matsudaira Kiyoyasu]] (1511-1535)
|17= 17. Aoki
|18= 18. [[Mizuno Tadamasa]] (1493-1543)
|19= 19. Keyōin (1492-1560)
|20= 20. [[:ja:正木時忠|Masaki Tokitada]] (1521-1576)
|21= 21
| 324 |
Tokugawa Mitsusada
| 0 |
11,082,587 |
# Cotechino Modena
***Cotechino Modena*** or ***cotechino di Modena*** (`{{IPA|it|koteˈkiːno di ˈmɔːdena|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; spelled *cotecchino* or *coteghino* in some major dialects, but not in Italian) is a sausage made with pork, fatback, and pork rind recognised as a product with a protected geographical indication (PGI), originating in the city of Modena, Italy. ***Zampone Modena**\'\' or***zampone**\'\' is closely related and also obtained PDO status.
*Cotechino* dates back to around 1511 to Gavello in Mirandola, where, whilst besieged, the people had to find a way to preserve meat and use the less tender cuts, so they made *cotechino*. Mirandola developed its own specialty enveloped in a hollowed out pig\'s trotter, named *zampone*.
By the 18th century it had become more popular than the yellowish sausage that had been around at the time, and in the 19th century entered mass production in and around the area.
*Cotechino* is often served with lentils alongside polenta or mashed potatoes, especially around New Year.
Image:Cotechino-Servito-Polenta-Lenticchie.jpg\|Boiled *cotechino Modena* (top) served with polenta and lentils (bottom) Image:Cotechino-Intero
| 168 |
Cotechino Modena
| 0 |
11,082,602 |
# List of Sri Lankan Air Force squadrons
This is a list of aircraft squadrons of the **Sri Lanka Air Force**.
## Current SLAF Flying Squadrons {#current_slaf_flying_squadrons}
- No. 1 Flying Training Wing
- No. 2 Heavy Transport Squadron
- No. 3 Maritime Squadron
- No. 4 VIP Helicopter Squadron
- No. 5 Jet Squadron
- No. 6 Helicopter Squadron
- No. 7 Helicopter Squadron
- No. 8 Light Transport Squadron
- No. 9 Attack Helicopter Squadron
- No. 10 Fighter Squadron
- No. 111 Air Surveillance Squadron
- No. 112 Air Surveillance Squadron
## Air Defence {#air_defence}
- No. 01 Air Defence Radar Squadron, SLAF Katunayake
- No. 02 Air Defence Radar Squadron, SLAF Vavuniya
- No. 03 Air Defence Radar Squadron, SLAF Wirawila
- No. 04 Air Defence Radar Squadron, SLAF Mirigama
- No. 05 Air Defence Radar Squadron, SLAF Palavi
- No. 06 Air Defence Radar Squadron, SLAF China Bay
- No. 07 Air Defence Radar Squadron, SLAF Station Piduruthalagala
## Other
- No. 49 Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear and Explosive Wing
- Fire School & Fire Tender Maintenance Squadron, SLAF Katunayake
- Special Airborne Wing
## Former SLAF Squadrons {#former_slaf_squadrons}
- No. 12 Squadron
- No
| 200 |
List of Sri Lankan Air Force squadrons
| 0 |
11,082,610 |
# Ahead Rings Out
***Ahead Rings Out*** is the debut album by British blues-rock band Blodwyn Pig, released in 1969. The band had been formed in 1969 by Mick Abrahams, the former guitarist of Jethro Tull, and sales of *Ahead Rings Out* rivalled those of Jethro Tull's next album, *Stand Up*, reaching No. 9 on the British album chart.
The album contained a healthy mixture of various styles of progressive blues and "The Modern Alchemist" displayed the jazz influence and saxophone skills of Jack Lancaster.
## Background
In liner notes for the 2001 re-issue of the album, songwriter and singer Mick Abrahams recalled: `{{quote|The producer was [[Andy Johns]] (little brother to [[Glyn Johns]] of [[The Rolling Stones|Rolling Stones]] production fame). I think the tape operator was Robin Black, who later went on to produce [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]] and other notable acts of the time.
I recall that we were all quite chuffed with the end result of this, our first offering after my not too long ago departure from Jethro Tull.
One of the first songs we laid down was ‘It’s Only Love’ and it was cool at the time to have the availability of an [[8-track (multitrack)|eight-track]] machine to record with. Great for overdubs and thickening out the sound ...
‘Dear Jill’ (a favourite of mine to this day) was the next track we laid down and the nice thing about it was that by double-tracking the guitar, which was an Eko 12-string with only 9–10 strings on it (depending on my mood or how many strings I could afford on the day) it sounded akin to a modern chorus effect pedal which, coupled with Jack’s haunting [[Soprano saxophone|soprano sax]], made it into a solid stand up song. It was featured in [[Cameron Crowe]]’s movie ''[[Almost Famous]]'' as part of the background music to reflect the theme and time of the film.}}`{=mediawiki}
About "See My Way", he comments: "It was a solid two days work to get it just how we felt it should be with all the odd changes of tempo and feel, i.e. the section that sounds like Ravel's *Boléro* \... That song didn't go on the UK version of *Ahead Rings Out*, but instead the powers that be decided in their wisdom to put it on the USA version and left it until we recorded the second album, *Getting to This*."
He described "The Modern Alchemist" as "a great composition of Jack Lancaster's that brought a mixture of hard hybrid jazz-rock flavour to the album."
Blodwyn Pig were unsatisfied with the album, with Lancaster telling a *Beat Instrumental* interviewer in 1969 that he considered it \"awful\", adding: \"It has a sound which hits you and that's all. You can't get any more out of it.\"
## Reception
*Ahead Rings Out* was a critical success. *Melody Maker* stated, \"An excellent debut with lots of exciting music. The album has direction and thought and gives a great deal of hope for the future of the often maligned progressive pop scene.\" *New Musical Express* wrote, \"Hooting grunting blues mingled with snorts of jazz adds up to an excellent debut album from one of our most promising groups.\"
It was voted number 15 in the All-Time 50 Long Forgotten Gems from Colin Larkin\'s *All Time Top 1000 Albums*. Writing in *The Virgin Encyclopedia of Heavy Rock* (1999), Larkin wrote that the album \"contains a healthy mixture of various styles of progressive blues.\" In 2019, *Classic Rock* ranked it at number 21 in their list of the best 30 British blues rock albums ever, praising it as a \"wildly diverse debut\" that contrasts heavily with Jethro Tull.
Discussing the material, *Classic Pop* opined that only the jazzy, flute-based \"Leave It with Me\" compares with Jethro Tull, evoking \"Dharma for One\" (1968), otherwise highlighting the \"freewheeling, rocking abandon\" of \"It\'s Only Love\" and \"Sing Me a Song That I Know\", the gentle \"Dear Jill\", the relaxed blues song \"Up and Coming\" and the heavy metal track \"Ain\'t Ya Comin' Home Babe?\" Larkin comments that the latter song was influenced by Jethro Tull, grouping it alongside the slide guitar-driven \"Dear Jill\" as two of the strongest songs, alongside the lengthy \"The Modern Alchemist\", which showcases Lancaster\'s jazz influence and saxophone talents.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
UK release
1. "It\'s Only Love" (Mick Abrahams) -- 3:23
2. "Dear Jill" (Abrahams) -- 5:19
3. "Sing Me a Song That I Know" (Abrahams) -- 3:08
4. "The Modern Alchemist" (Jack Lancaster) -- 5:38
5. "Up and Coming" (Abrahams, Lancaster, Andy Pyle, Ron Berg) -- 5:31
6. "Leave It With Me" (Lancaster) -- 3:52
7. "The Change Song" (Abrahams) -- 3:45
8. "Backwash" (Abrahams, Lancaster, Pyle, Berg) -- 0:53
9. "Ain't Ya Comin' Home, Babe?" (Abrahams, Lancaster, Pyle) -- 6:04
- **Bonus tracks on 2006 EMI Digital Remaster reissue CD:**
: 10\. "Sweet Caroline" (Abrahams) -- 2:51
: 11\. "Walk on the Water" (Abrahams) -- 3:42
: 12\. "Summer Day" (Abrahams, Pyle) -- 3:44
: 13\. "Same Old Story" (Abrahams) -- 2:36
: 14\. "Slow Down" (Larry Williams) -- 4:20
: 15\. "Meanie Mornay" (Abrahams) -- 4:45
: 16\. "Backwash" (Abrahams, Lancaster, Pyle, Berg) -- 0:53
NB: CD reissue has track 8 as \"See My Way\", as per comments above regarding US track listing, hence track 8 from the UK release \"Backwash\" being included as a bonus track 16.
U.S. release
1. "It\'s Only Love" (Mick Abrahams) -- 3:23
2. "Dear Jill" (Abrahams) -- 5:19
3. "Walk on the Water" (Abrahams) -- 3:42
4. "The Modern Alchemist" (Jack Lancaster) -- 5:38
5. \"See My Way\" (Abrahams) -- 5:00
6. "Summer Day" (Abrahams, Pyle) -- 3:44
7. "The Change Song" (Abrahams) -- 3:45
8. "Backwash" (Abrahams, Lancaster, Pyle, Berg) -- 0:53
9
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# Resurrection (Possessed album)
***Resurrection*** is a demo album by American death metal band Possessed. It contains a rehearsal from 1984 and a song by Jeff Becerra\'s new band, **Side Effect**. There were only 500 copies of the album available that were recorded on 10\" vinyl
| 46 |
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# Poul Glargaard
**Poul Glargaard**, born Rasmussen (11 April 1942 -- 17 October 2011) was a Danish actor. He joined the Aarhus Theater in 1966 and the Aalborg Theater later, entering film in 1968. He has also appeared in numerous TV programmes in Denmark. He was also a successful comedian and entertainer, and dubber. Many audio-dramas (for instance *Star Wars* and several children\'s horror stories) voiced by him and originally released in the 1980s and 1990s remain popular to this day. Some of his movies have reached cult status, but they only became popular after his death
| 97 |
Poul Glargaard
| 0 |
11,082,645 |
# Girolamo Abos
**Girolamo Abos**, last name also given **Avos** or **d\'Avossa** and baptized **Geronimo Abos** (16 November 1715 -- May 1760), was a Maltese-Italian composer of both operas and church music.
Born in Valletta, Malta, son of Gian Tommaso Abos, whose father was a Frenchman from Castellane and Rosa Farrugia, Abos studied under Leonardo Leo and Francesco Durante in Naples. In 1756, he became *Maestro al Cembalo* (Director of Music) at the Italian Theatre in London. In 1758 he returned to Italy as a teacher at the Conservatorio della Pietà de\' Turchini in Naples, where Giovanni Paisiello was one of his pupils . He wrote fourteen operas for the opera houses in Naples, Rome, and London, of which *Tito Manlio* (Naples, 1751) was the most successful. After 1758 he composed a good deal of church music, including seven masses and several litanies. He died in Naples. Many of his sacred works, oratorios, and the opera Pelopida have been edited by the Australian musicologist and conductor Richard Divall, and are freely available.
## List of operas composed by Abos {#list_of_operas_composed_by_abos}
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| Title | Genre | Subdivisions | Libretto | Première date | Place, theatre |
+================================+=====================+==============+=========================================================================================================================================+==================+======================================================+
| *Le due zingare simili* | opera buffa | | Antonio Palomba | 1742 | Naples, Teatro Nuovo |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *Il geloso* | commedia | | Antonio Palomba\ | spring 1743 | Naples, Teatro dei Fiorentini |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *Le furberie di Spilletto* | commedia per musica | 3 acts | ([Première libretto, in Italian](http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/viewschedatwbca.asp?path=/cmbm/images/ripro/libretti/00/Lo00001/)) | Carnival 1744 | Florence, Teatro del Cocomero |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *La serva padrona* | opera buffa | | Gennaro Antonio Federico\ | Carnival 1744 | Naples |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *La moglie gelosa* | commedia | | Antonio Palomba\ | 1745 | Naples, Teatro dei Fiorentini |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *Adriano in Siria* | dramma per musica | | Pietro Metastasio\ | Carnival 1746 | Florence, Teatro della Pergola |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *Artaserse* | dramma per musica | 3 acts | Pietro Metastasio\ | 1746 | Venice, Teatro di San Giovanni Crisostomo) |
| | | | ([Première libretto, in Italian](http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/viewschedatwbca.asp?path=/cmbm/images/ripro/libretti/00/Lo00002/)) | | |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *Pelopida* | dramma per musica | 3 acts | Gaetano Roccaforte\ | Carnival 1747 | Rome, Teatro Argentina |
| | | | ([Première libretto, in Italian](http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/viewschedatwbca.asp?path=/cmbm/images/ripro/libretti/00/Lo00003/)) | | |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *Alessandro nelle Indie* | dramma per musica | 3 acts | Pietro Metastasio\ | July 1747 | Ancona, Teatro La Fenice |
| | | | ([Première libretto, in Italian](http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/viewschedatwbca.asp?path=/cmbm/images/ripro/libretti/00/Lo00004/)) | | |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *Arianna e Teseo* | dramma per musica | 3 acts | Pietro Pariati\ | 26 December 1748 | Rome, Teatro delle Dame |
| | | | ([Première libretto, in Italian](http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/viewschedatwbca.asp?path=/cmbm/images/ripro/libretti/00/Lo00005/)) | | |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *Tito Manlio* | dramma per musica | | Gaetano Roccaforte\ | 30 May 1751 | Naples, Teatro San Carlo |
+--------------------------------+---------------------+--------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| *Erifile* | dramma per musica | 3 acts | Giovanni Battista Neri\ | Carnival 1752 | Rome, Teatro delle Dame |
| | | | ([Première libretto, in Italian](http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/viewschedatwbca
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# Michele Rosewoman
**Michele Rosewoman** (born March 19, 1953) is an American jazz pianist who leads the big band New Yor-Uba. She has worked with Baikida Carroll, Julius Hemphill, Julian Priester, Oliver Lake, Billy Bang, Freddie Waits, Rufus Reid, Billy Hart, Reggie Workman, Celia Cruz, Chocolate Armenteros, and Paquito D\'Rivera.
## Early years {#early_years}
Rosewoman was born in Oakland, California, United States,) and is the daughter of visual artist Estera Roseman. Her parents operated an independent record shop in Walnut Creek, California, and her mother was also an arts educator. Rosewoman began playing the piano at age six. In her late teens she studied Cuban and Haitian folkloric rhythms and vocal traditions
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11,082,682 |
# Pockley
**Pockley** is a small village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. It is about 1 mile north-east of Helmsley turning north from the A170 road. Its short, winding lane passes six thatched cottages in a quarter mile before turning back toward the A170 and its junction at Beadlam and Nawton.
From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Ryedale, it is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.
The Grade II-listed church of St John the Baptist was built in 1870 and designed by Sir Gilbert Scott or his son. The chancel screen and other furnishings were provided by Temple Moore in 1898-99 and rood beam figures by Lang of Oberammergau. The church\'s very unusual heating system was based on the Roman Hypocaust. Warm air came through underfloor ducts from a coke-fired stove beneath the church. Originally the fuel for the stove was carried through a 25-foot brick-lined tunnel on a miniature railway which is still in existence but rarely used. The hot air heating system was restored in 2012 and for the first time in over 60 years the Church is now warm for services
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# Grand Arcade (Leeds)
The **Grand Arcade** is a shopping arcade located on New Briggate in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, and a Grade II listed building. It was built by *New Briggate Arcade Company Ltd* in 1897, with *Smith & Tweedal* as architects, in Renaissance style with Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style) details.
The arcade was built on land in Briggate owned by the Lupton family who had also owned land in nearby North Street/Mabgate and Merrion Street since the mid-18th century. Their Briggate land housed buildings including Lupton\'s Mill and its accompanying dam which were demolished by 1897 to build the arcade.
The arcade originally consisted of two parallel arcades running between Vicar Lane and New Briggate, with a cross passage onto Merrion Street. The northern arcade was converted to the Tower Cinema in 1920 and further converted into a nightclub in 1985. The remaining passage features an animated clock by Potts of Leeds.
<File:Grand> Arcade New Briggate 18 April 2018 1.jpg\|New Briggate frontage <File:Grand> Arcade exterior 7 Sep 2017.jpg\|Exterior on Vicar Lane <File:Grand> Arcade Clock 18 April 2018 6
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11,082,697 |
# List of Sri Lankan air force bases
The following is a list of bases of the Sri Lanka Air Force.
## Air bases and academies {#air_bases_and_academies}
- SLAF China Bay (Sri Lanka Air Force Academy China Bay) -- China Bay
- SLAF Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka Air Force Base Anuradhapura) -- Anuradhapura
- SLAF Hingurakgoda (Sri Lanka Air Force Base Hingurakgoda) -- Hingurakgoda
- SLAF Katunayake (Sri Lanka Air Force Base Katunayake) -- Katunayake
- SLAF Ratmalana (Sri Lanka Air Force Base Ratmalana) -- Ratmalana
- SLAF Vavuniya (Sri Lanka Air Force Base Vavuniya) -- Vavuniya
## Stations
- SLAF Ampara (Sri Lanka Air Force Ampara) -- Ampara
- SLAF Batticaloa (Sri Lanka Air Force Batticaloa) -- Batticaloa
- SLAF Colombo (Sri Lanka Air Force Colombo) -- Colombo -- Air Force Headquarters
- SLAF Diyatalawa (Sri Lanka Air Force Diyatalawa) -- Diyatalawa -- Ground combat training center
- SLAF Ekala (Sri Lanka Air Force Trade Training School Ekala) -- Ekala -- Advanced & Specialized Trade Training School
- SLAF Iranamadu (Sri Lanka Air Force Station Iranamadu) -- Iranamadu
- SLAF Katukurunda (Sri Lanka Air Force Katukurunda) -- Katukurunda
- SLAF Koggala (Sri Lanka Air Force Koggala) -- Koggala
- SLAF Mullaittivu (Sri Lanka Air Force Station Mullaittiv) -- Mullaittivu
- SLAF Palaly (Sri Lanka Air Force Palaly) -- Palaly
- SLAF Palavi (Sri Lanka Air Force Palavi) -- Palavi
- SLAF Sigiriya (Sri Lanka Air Force Sigiriya) -- Sigiriya
- SLAF Wirawila (Sri Lanka Air Force Wirawila) -- Wirawila
- SLAF Mirigama (Sri Lanka Air Force Mirigama) -- Mirigama -- Radar station of the National Air Defence System
- SLAF Pidurutalagala (Sri Lanka Air Force Piduruthalagala) -- summit of Mount Pidurutalagala -- Radar station of the National Air Defence System
## SLAF regiment deployment {#slaf_regiment_deployment}
- SLAF Mankulam -- Mankulam
- SLAF Pankulam -- Pankulam
## Air bases (under development) {#air_bases_under_development}
- Nil
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# Embassy of Finland, Washington, D.C.
The **Finnish Embassy** in Washington, D.C. is Finland\'s embassy to the United States. It is located at 3301 Massachusetts Avenue, in the Embassy Row neighborhood.
The embassy also operates consulates-general in Los Angeles and New York.
The modernist structure was designed by Heikkinen -- Komonen Architects and opened in 1994. The embassy became the first green embassy in the United States, receiving LEED Gold Certification in 2010.
The Diplomatic Finnish Sauna Society meets at the embassy.
## Ambassadors
Representative Years Status
-------------------- --------------- ------------
Armas Saastamoinen 1919--1921 Envoy
Leonard Åström 1921--1934
Eero Järnefelt 1934--1938
Hjalmar J
| 102 |
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| 0 |
11,082,707 |
# Ohikkoshi
is a Japanese anthology manga series written and illustrated by Hiroaki Samura. It was published in Kodansha\'s *seinen* manga magazine *Afternoon Season Zōkan* from 2000 to 2001, with its chapters collected in a single *\[\[tankōbon\]\]* volume. It was licensed in North America by Dark Horse Comics.
## Publication
Written and illustrated by Hiroaki Samura, *Ohikkoshi* was published in Kodansha\'s *seinen* manga magazine *Afternoon Season Zōkan* from 2000 to 2001. Kodansha collected its chapters in a single *\[\[tankōbon\]\]* volume, released on June 19, 2002.
In North America, the manga was licensed for English release by Dark Horse Comics and published on October 18, 2006
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Ohikkoshi
| 0 |
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# Appleton-le-Street
**Appleton-le-Street** is a small village in North Yorkshire, England. It is approximately 3 mi west of Malton and in the parish of Appleton-le-Street with Easthorpe.
## History
The village is mentioned in the *Domesday Book* as \"Appletun\", part of the Maneshou Hundred. At the time of the Norman Conquest it belonged to Cnut, son of Karli, but subsequently handed over to William I.
The Thirsk and Malton railway line used to pass through the village.
## Governance
The village lies within the Thirsk and Malton parliamentary constituency. It also lies within the Amotherby and Ampleforth division of North Yorkshire Council. From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Ryedale.
## Geography
The civil parish includes the village and the small hamlet of Easthorpe, which lies just over 1 mi to the south. It is on the B1257 Malton to Stokesley road between Amotherby and Barton-le-Street. It is 1.7 mi south of the River Rye.
The soil is a mixture of Oxford clay on corallian beds. Limestone and Sandstone were quarried in the village.
## Demography
According to the 2001 UK Census, the population for the civil parish was 117 in 53 households. Of those households, 29 were detached dwellings and 34 were owner occupied. Of the total population, 93 were over the age of 16, of which 55 were economically active.
The 2011 census recorded the population as 122.
## Religion
All Saints\' Church, Appleton-le-Street dates from Saxon times and is a Grade I listed building. All Saints Episcopal Church in Appleton, Wisconsin, is an evocation of and homage to All Saints Anglican Church in Appleton-le-Street built in 1905 by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge
| 279 |
Appleton-le-Street
| 0 |
11,082,715 |
# Food Fair
**Food Fair**, also known by its successor name **Pantry Pride**, was a large supermarket chain in the United States. It was founded by Samuel N. Friedland, and his brother George I. Friedland who opened the first store (as Reading Giant Quality Price Cutter) in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in the late 1920s. As of 1957, Food Fair had 275 stores, and at its peak, the chain had more than 500 stores. Friedland\'s family retained control of the firm through 1978, when the chain entered bankruptcy.
## History
### Origins
Samuel Friedland and his brother George Friedland opened his first \"Reading Giant Quality Price Cutter\" supermarket in the 1920s. The success of the first store led to the opening of more stores. In the late 1940s came the introduction of the name *Food Fair*.
In 1958, Food Fair purchased Setzer\'s Supermarkets, a 38-store chain in the Jacksonville, Florida, area. In 1961, Food Fair bought J.M. Fields Department Stores, a chain of discount department stores in New England. The latter chain grew substantially, expanding to areas already served by Food Fair, particularly in Florida. By the 1960s, most J.M. Fields stores shopping centers featured a J.M. Fields, Food Fair, or Pantry Pride grocery store.
### The birth of Pantry Pride {#the_birth_of_pantry_pride}
During the 1960s, Food Fair enjoyed great success, but the most significant purchase for the company was that of a small Philadelphia chain called Best Markets. Best\'s private label brand was called Pantry Pride. The first Pantry Pride store opened its doors at 9:00 a.m. on August 26, 1964, in Hazlet, New Jersey, test-running a no-frills discount store approach. Soon, the stores that were under the \"Pantry Pride\" logo eventually became more popular than the \"Food Fair\" brand. By the early 1970s, Food Fair had converted most of its stores to the Pantry Pride banner, and the company popularity grew further.
### Expansion in the 1960s and 1970s {#expansion_in_the_1960s_and_1970s}
In the late 1960s, the company, led by its Pantry Pride stores, continued to grow. The company also opened additional J.M. Fields stores and entered new businesses, launching drug stores, gasoline stations, and shoe stores. It also boosted its core business by entering California and Nevada through the purchase of the Fox Markets chain. The western expansion proved exhausting for the predominantly East Coast retailer, eventually divesting the 50 stores by 1972. In 1976, Pantry Pride acquired Hills Supermarkets of New York. Later that year, Pantry Pride purchased the remaining 17 stores of Philadelphia-based Penn Fruit Company.
| 416 |
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| 0 |
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# Food Fair
## History
### Slow decline, 1978-2000 {#slow_decline_1978_2000}
In 1978, Food Fair fell victim to financial problems. The company entered bankruptcy that year and a new management team, led by supermarket veteran Grant Gentry, began streamlining the 456-store, \$2.7 billion company. By the end of 1978 the company took the first steps in the long journey out of bankruptcy by closing all of the JM Fields stores. Those stores were quickly purchased by Caldor, Jefferson Ward, and Kmart. In early 1979, the company left their home market of Philadelphia, where the firm was headquartered. The company closed more than 50 stores in the area, even though they were the second-largest chain in greater Philadelphia in terms of market share. Between 1979 and 1981 more than 200 stores were closed, along with several warehouses. Food-a-Rama bought 14 of the 48 Baltimore-area stores in 1981. By this time, Food Fair had emerged from bankruptcy, and was based in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, under the name Pantry Pride Stores, Inc. The company had entered into talks to be purchased by the Supermarkets General Corporation (Pathmark Stores) that same year, but discussions were abandoned when Pantry Pride\'s stockholders filed a complaint. Pantry Pride outsourced their wholesale operations to Supervalu when they sold their Miami and Jacksonville distribution centers. The company then began selling off huge chunks of their assets when they sold two-thirds of their remaining stores, including the last of their Richmond, Virginia, stores to A&P, which continued to operate the stores under the Pantry Pride banner until 1986. Only about 40 stores in southern Florida remained.
In 1984 Pantry Pride acquired Devon Stores, a home improvement store, and the 400-store Adams Drug Company, which operated in the northeastern United States. The owner of Devon Stores, who obtained about 10.4% of the merged company, then sought an ouster of the Pantry Pride Board of Directors. In 1985, using junk bonds, 38% of Pantry Pride was acquired by investor Ronald Perelman. This was enough to acquire control, and Perelman liquidated their assets but kept the losses on the books to offset profits from MacAndrews and Forbes, which he had previously acquired. Perelman used Pantry Pride as a vehicle to acquire other companies, in particular Revlon. By 1986, the name of Pantry Pride was changed to Revlon Group. The Delaware Supreme Court decision relating to the takeover of Revlon by Pantry Pride, Revlon, Inc. v. MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings, Inc., has become a seminal case in American takeover law.
In 1985, the last stores in southern Florida were sold to Red Apple Group, a New York supermarket chain owned by John Catsimatidis. By 1990, the chain was being supplied by the Fleming Companies. The last store opened in 1991 in Sunny Isles, Florida. By this time, nearly all of the stores were renamed Woolley\'s, after Bill Woolley acquired the latter named chain of seven stores in the late 1980s. In 1993, Fleming bought the Woolley\'s chain after a dispute with Catsimatidis. The remaining stores were either closed or sold by 2000. Many of the stores that were sold have retained the \"Food Fair\" name under the new ownerships. An unrelated chain using the Food Fair Fresh Market name has operated in the New York City metropolitan area since 2009 and is a member of Key Food.
| 552 |
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| 1 |
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# Food Fair
## Timeline
- 1920s - Food Fair Stores founded by Russian immigrant Samuel N. Friedland and brother George I. Friedland in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
- 1957 - Food Fair has 275 stores.
- 1958 - Food Fair purchases 40-store Jacksonville, Florida, based Setzer\'s Supermarkets.
- 1965 - Acquires J.M. Fields Department Stores. Also, the original ABC version of *Supermarket Sweep* debuts, taping at various Food Fair locations. Bill Malone hosted.
- mid-1960s - Acquires Best Markets and Pantry Pride private label brand, launches Pantry Pride branded discount supermarkets soon after
- 1967(?) - Purchases Fox Supermarkets in California and Nevada.
- 1972(?) - Divests Fox Supermarkets
- 1976 - Purchased Hills Supermarkets (NY)
- 1976 - Remaining 17 of bankrupt Penn Fruit\'s Philadelphia area stores are acquired by Food Fair.
- 1978 - Enters Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Protection. Friedland family gives up control of the company. Divests New Jersey Pantry Pride stores.
- 1981 - Exits Chapter 11 bankruptcy, re-organizes with new corporate name: Pantry Pride Stores, Inc., and moves company headquarters to Fort Lauderdale, FL.
- 1983-84 - Sells last two distribution centers to Supervalu, who in turn sold them to Malone and Hyde and Winn-Dixie.
- 1984 - Pantry Pride operates 122 supermarkets in Florida, southern Georgia, the Tidewater region of Virginia, and the Bahamas.
- 1984 - Purchases Rhode Island based Adams/Brooks Drug Stores (approx. 400 drug stores in the northeast, principally in New England).
- 1984 - Purchases Devon Stores Corp., a 61-store home center chain with locations near U.S. military bases. Sells Virginia division to A&P.
- 1985 - Acquires Revlon Corp. as a holding company in Ronald Perelman\'s hostile takeover bid.
- 1985 - Samuel Friedland died at age 88 in Miami Beach, FL.
- 1986 - With only a handful of stores (southern Florida), Pantry Pride sells its remaining stores to Gristedes Supermarkets (NY) chairman John Catsimatidis. Now out of the retail grocery business, the corporate name is changed to The Revlon Group, and moves corporate headquarters from Fort Lauderdale to New York.
- 1988 - Catsimatidis takes on Fleming Companies as a partner after Fleming purchases Malone & Hyde.
- 1991 - Last supermarket opened (Pantry Pride Food Emporium) in Sunny Isles, FL., most other stores are renamed Woolley\'s.
- 1993 - All remaining Pantry Pride/Woolley\'s Supermarkets are sold to Fleming
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| 2 |
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# Sam Barkley
**Samuel E. Barkley** (May 24, 1858 -- April 20, 1912) was an American Major League Baseball second baseman. Born in Wheeling, Virginia he played for four teams in six seasons from `{{Baseball year|1884}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{Baseball year|1889}}`{=mediawiki}.
## Career
Barkley began his career with the Toledo Blue Stockings of the Northwestern League, and was a member of their championship team in `{{Baseball year|1883}}`{=mediawiki}. He was still with the team when they joined the American Association for the `{{Baseball year|1884}}`{=mediawiki} season, and was the everyday second baseman. He batted .306 that season and led the league in doubles with 39. Following the season, Toledo and the St. Louis Browns made an arrangement in the off-season for a trade involving several players, but the trade broke down after the waiting period and only Barkley and one other player actually played with St. Louis. After a lawsuit it was estimated that Barkley had been valued for \$800. Chris von der Ahe later claimed that Barkley\'s value was \$1,000, but that may have been the asking price.
In March 1886, Browns owner Chris von der Ahe offered Barkley for \$1000 to the first team to pay the money. Billy Barnie was able to have Barkley sign an undated contract with the Baltimore Orioles and wired the asking price to Von der Ahe, but he had already secured a deal with owner of the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, Denny McKnight, and Sam was convinced to play for the Allegheny club instead. The American Association suspended and fined Barkley for signing with Pittsburgh this action. Barkley sued the Association, but they settled out of court with suspension being lifted although the fine stayed in place. Baltimore was offered and accepted Milt Scott as payment.
That first season with Pittsburgh, the `{{Baseball year|1886}}`{=mediawiki} season, he hit .266 with 31 doubles, and he also stole 22 bases, while playing in 122 games. His stats declined significantly in `{{Baseball year|1887}}`{=mediawiki}, only playing in 89 games, hitting only .224. After the season was over, Pittsburgh sold him to the Kansas City Cowboys of the American Association.
He was given good playing time in `{{Baseball year|1888}}`{=mediawiki} by the Cowboys, playing in 116 games, but his batting average slid further down, to .216, but the season was not uneventful. On June 13, he hit for the cycle, and he was given the managerial reins, which lasted 58 games and 21 wins.
A knee injury ended his baseball career.
## Post-baseball career {#post_baseball_career}
After his career in baseball ended, Barkley opened a cigar shop in Pittsburgh. After the cigar shop closed, Barkley and his wife Dora moved to Chicago. In Chicago he opened a saloon.
Barkley died at the age of 53 in his hometown of Wheeling, and was buried in Peninsula Cemetery.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Barkley married Flora \"Dora\" Feldman, who took the name Dora Feldman Barkley after marriage. She was a young woman who he had met while playing in Kansas City. Dora, at the age of 18, grew infatuated with Barlkey and ran away from home to pursue him. Feldman stalked Barkley, and, at a Kansas City hotel room where he was staying, confronted him and threatened to commit suicide if he did not marry her. While he initially believed the young woman to be insane, he ultimately wed her, and they soon after had a child named Harold Barkley together. When they lived in Chicago, Dora, working as an actress, began a public affair with political boss, and former crime boss, Michael Cassius McDonald, who she had known in her childhood. It is believed that Barkley was paid \$30,000 by McDonald to divorce his wife. The two divorced, and she wed McDonald, who also adopted the son he had with Dora, who would become known as Harold McDonald
| 630 |
Sam Barkley
| 0 |
11,082,814 |
# Swedish penning
The **penning** or penny was the Swedish variant of the Norwegian penning that was minted from about 1150 until 1548, and which remained as a unit of account in Sweden until 1777. Originally, penning was first minted in Norway by the Norwegian king Olaf Tryggvason from the year 995, and was later adapted in both Sweden and Denmark as a coin system.
The penning was minted in imitation of the pennies, pfennig and deniers issued elsewhere in Europe. However, although based on these coins, the accounting system was distinct, with different systems operating in different regions. All used the *öre* (derived from the Latin *aureus*) which was worth 1/8 of a mark or 3 örtugar. However, in Svealand, one öre was worth 24 penningar, but in Götaland it was worth 48 penningar and 36 in roughly the Diocese of Linköping and on Gotland. Around 1300, by royal command, the Svealand standard became the national standard, except on Gotland. The örtug was first minted around 1370 and the öre was issued as a coin from 1522. In 1524, however, the real örtug was replaced in minted form with a new one, also known as *halvöre* (half öre), which had a little higher value (whereas one mark was divided into 24 örtugar, it was divided into 16 halvöre), but the old örtug remained as a counting unit until 1777.
The conversion between the different units of currency in use at that time can be summarized as:
Denomination Mark Öre Örtug Penning
-------------- ------ ----- ------- ---------
Daler 4 32 96 768
Mark 8 24 192
Öre 3 24
Örtug 8
In 1604, the daler was renamed the riksdaler. There followed a period of very complicated currency, during which both copper and silver versions of the different denominations circulated and the riksdaler rose in value relative to the other units. In 1777, the riksdaler became the basis of a new currency system and the penning ceased to exist.
The name lives on in the Norwegian language and Swedish language in the contracted form of the plural, *pengar/penger*, which means money
| 350 |
Swedish penning
| 0 |
11,082,821 |
# Siege of Akizuki
The 1587 **siege of Akizuki**, also known as the **siege of Oguma**, was undertaken by Japanese warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi against the Akizuki clan\'s Oguma castle, as part of his campaign to conquer Kyūshū.
## Background
After seizing the nearby Ganjaku castle, controlled by a retainer to the Akizuki, Hideyoshi turned his attention to the Akizuki clan\'s home castle.
## Siege
As his army approached and prepared for the siege, Akizuki Tanezane, the lord of the castle, escaped and fled in the night. Taking the castle, Hideyoshi is said to have covered the walls in white paper, to give the illusion that he had the resources to replaster the entire castle overnight. Seeing this, Tanezane surrendered without a fight
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Siege of Akizuki
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11,082,843 |
# Globeride
, formerly `{{nihongo|'''Daiwa Seiko Corporation'''|ダイワ精工株式会社|Daiwa Seiko Kabushiki-gaisha}}`{=mediawiki} until 2009, is a Japanese manufacturing company that produces fishing equipment in addition to tennis, golf and biking gears. Globeride\'s fishing products, sold under the **Daiwa** brand, account for the majority of its sales, including rods, reels, lines and fishing-related apparels (such as polarized sunglasses). The company also offers licensed Prince brand tennis gear, G-III brand golf gear, Bottecchia bicycles and other outdoor products.
Founded by engineer Yoshio Matsui (*松井義男*, 1906-1983) in 1955 as `{{nihongo|'''Matsui Manufacturing'''|松井製作所|Matsui Seisaku-sho}}`{=mediawiki} and then formally established in 1958 as `{{nihongo|'''Daiwa Precision Works Corporation'''|大和精工株式会社|Daiwa Seiko Kabushiki-gaisha}}`{=mediawiki}, the company renamed itself Globeride on October 1, 2009. The company operates from offices throughout Japan and internationally from subsidiaries in Australia, France, Germany, Mainland China and Taiwan, Thailand, the United Kingdom and the United States. The British subsidiary, **Daiwa Sports Ltd.**, was established in 1977 and production commenced the following year with the production of fishing rods and golf clubs.
## Brands
Globeride has fishing (Edwin, Snow Peak, Daiwa), golf (Fourteen, Roddio, G-III, ONOFF), racket sports (Prince) and cycle sports brands (Bottecchia, Focus Bikes, Corratec) in its portfolio
| 188 |
Globeride
| 0 |
11,082,844 |
# William Jelly
**William Jelly** (January 14, 1835 -- October 20, 1900) was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Dufferin in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1880 to 1883 as a Conservative member.
He was born near Elizabethtown (later Brockville) in Upper Canada in 1835, the son of John Jelly, an Irish immigrant. Jelly first settled in Amaranth Township then part of Wellington County and later moved to what is now Shelburne. He became a large property owner in the area, built a hotel there and is generally credited as being the founder of the town. Jelly served on the council for Melancthon Township and as the first reeve of Shelburne. He was elected to the provincial assembly after John Barr was unseated following an appeal
| 129 |
William Jelly
| 0 |
11,082,846 |
# John Barr (Canadian politician)
**John Barr** (March 4, 1843 -- November 19, 1909) was an Ontario-based Canadian physician and political figure. He represented Dufferin in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1875 to 1879, from 1890 to 1894 and from 1898 to 1904 and in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1909 as a Conservative member. From 1890 to 1894, he was a member of the provincial Conservative Equal Rights Party.
He was born near Elizabethtown (later Brockville) in Canada West in 1843, the son of Irish immigrants. He graduated as an M.D. from Victoria University in 1866. Barr served as an associated coroner for Grey County. He was Deputy Master in the South Grey County Orange Lodge. Barr first set up practice in Horning\'s Mills but later moved to Shelburne. In 1880, he married Ermina E. Palmer. After being reelected in 1879, he was unseated after an appeal. He was later reelected several times to the provincial and federal assemblies. He died in office in 1909
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John Barr (Canadian politician)
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11,082,853 |
# Louis Adam
**Louis Adam** or **Jean-Louis Adam** (born **Johann Ludwig Adam**) (3 December 1758 -- 8 April 1848) was a French composer, music teacher, and piano virtuoso.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born in Muttersholtz, Alsace, the son of Mathias Adam and Marie-Dorothée Meyer, Adam went to Paris in 1775 to study piano and harpsichord with Jean-Frédéric Edelmann. He spent over four decades, from 1797 through 1842, as Professor of Pianoforte at the Conservatoire de Paris, retiring in 1842 (at age 84), and died in the city, aged 89. As professor, he was the teacher of a number of notable students, including Joseph Daussoigne-Méhul, Friedrich Kalkbrenner, Ferdinand Hérold, and Henry Lemoine.
In addition to being a skilled pianist, he composed a number of piano pieces that were in vogue at the time, especially some variations on *Le Bon roi Dagobert*. He also wrote two standard instruction books for piano: *Méthode ou principe générale du doigté pour le forté-piano* (1798) and *Méthode nouvelle pour le piano* (1802). In 1804, he published the *Méthode de piano du Conservatoire*, an influential work, which contributed to the advancement of piano technique in Paris.
Adam was married three times. His second wife was the sister of the Count de Louvois; the couple had a daughter, Sophie, later married to Colonel Genot. After his separation, Adam remarried to Élisabeth-Charlotte-Jeanne (known as Élisa) Coste, daughter of a doctor. The couple had two boys, Adolphe Charles Adam (1803) (future popular composer, author of the ballet *Giselle*, the comic opera *The Postillon of Lonjumeau*, and the Christmas carol *Midnight, Christians*) and Alphonse Hippolyte Adam (1808)
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| 0 |
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# Cauet
**Cauet** is a French surname
| 7 |
Cauet
| 0 |
11,082,868 |
# Mladost, Sofia
**Mladost** (*Младост, meaning \"Youth\"*) is a district of Sofia. It is one of the most modern and fast developing areas in the city. `{{As of|2021}}`{=mediawiki} it has 104,047 inhabitants which makes it the second-most-populous district in the capital, situated in the south-east end of Sofia, between Druzhba (Sofia) and Vitosha mountain. The largest business complex in Bulgaria is situated in the south end: Business Park Sofia. Mladost is among the safest and cleanest districts of Sofia. In May 2011 it became one of the first neighbourhoods of Sofia to have a complete cycling route of more than 8 km.
## Economy
The district has a flourishing economy. There are two industrial and scientific zones, \"Iztok\" and \"Gorublyane\". \"Iztok\" has an area of 201 ha and specialises in the production of electronics, machinery and press industry. There are a number of important scientific institutes including the Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology; Library Institute; Institute of Electronics; Institute of Astronomy; Institute of Physics of the Solid Objects; Institute of nuclear Energy and Nuclear Research; Central Laboratoty of Solar and Alternative Energy and others. The other zone is located near to the \"Gorublyane\" neighbourhood. There are food-processing factories and an Institute of Brewery and Hops Production.
The service sector is very important. There are 11 hypermarkets (Metro, Kaufland, Billa, Praktiker, Fantastico, COMO, Technopolis, Technomarket and others); several trade centres; many office buildings, supermarkets and different automobile dealerships such as Toyota, BMW, Volvo, Opel; 3,268 trade shops. Several business centres are planned or under construction. The unemployment in the district is 4,2%, some of the lowest in the country.
## Transport
The roads on the territory of the district are generally in good condition. The public transport includes bus and trolley lines as well as fixed route taxis. A great improvement to the transport system has been made, due to the Sofia Metro (Mladost 1, Mladost 3, Aleksandar Malinov, Akad. Aleksandar Teodorov - Balan and Business Park Sofia), which eases the communication with the central and western neighbourhoods of the city. There are five bus lines and two trolley line connecting the different parts of the quarter to the center of Sofia.\
\
T **5** Mladost 1 - zh.k. Nadezhda\
T **8** Hospital \"St. Anna\" - zh.k. Goce Delchev
## Education and health {#education_and_health}
There are 15 schools and 16 kindergartens in Mladost as well as 4 *chitalishta*. Around 10,100 pupils attend the schools and 1,800 children attend the kindergartens. Amongst the schools in the area is the American College of Sofia, the oldest United States educational institution, situated outside of the US. Officially, the college\'s address is in Mladost 2.
The district has 4 polyclinics and the Metropolitan Oncology Dispensary. The most important hospital is \"Sveta Anna\" (Saint Anna) with around 900 beds.
## Image gallery {#image_gallery}
<File:Mladost> 4 blok.jpg\|Apartment block in Mladost <File:BusinessParkSofia> view1.jpg\|Business Park Sofia <File:Mladost> 3.jpg\|\"Kaufland\" in Mladost 3 <File:Xenia> complex Mladost 4
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Mladost, Sofia
| 0 |
11,082,888 |
# Village Radio 1XT
**Village Radio 1XT** is a radio station on 1368 kHz AM in the Historic Village, 17th Avenue West, Tauranga, New Zealand which only plays the music of the 20s to 90s, weekdays 8am to 5pm and every weekend. This includes \"Specialised\" broadcast programs from 4pm to 5pm weekdays covering different genres. Tauranga Village Radio was opened on 13 April 1984 to commemorate the 21st Anniversary of the City of Tauranga.
The equipment was originally from Radio 1ZD, Tauranga, when it became surplus with their shift to a new location. The transmitter, loaned to the station from Radio New Zealand was the original 1ZB transmitter when it broadcast from Waterview, Auckland, New Zealand.
The announcers, technicians and support staff at Village Radio are all volunteers. The current station manager is George Stewart. Each announcer prepares his or her own programme, based on the easy listening format of the 1950s to the 1990s, from recordings stored at Tauranga Village Radio. The record library is extensive with some 120,000 plus tracks of music, 50,000 titles and over 15,000 artists. The tracks are made up of LPs, 45s, 78s and CDs from the 1920s to the 1990s.
The station use to only broadcast on Sundays and public holidays, then in 2004 weekday broadcasts began. A new announcer operated studio was established to save wear and tear on the older control desk (vintage 1953) which uses valves which are hard to come-by and expensive.
Tauranga Village Radio Museum Incorporated is always on the lookout for new volunteers to help with announcing, panel work, technical support and the general running of the station.
Taurang Village Radio made history in January 2013 by transmitting on equipment designed and built almost 80 years ago. After gathering dust and out of action for 13 years with a burnt out high voltage transformer, the old Collins one kilowatt transmitter had been repaired and tested. George Stewart is one of three former radio technicians who repaired the transmitter. Russ Bain and Neil Walsh worked with George to get the transmitter up and running. It was originally one of four transmitters purchased in 1937 by the National - Commercial Broadcasting Service for use by the four ZB Stations. This one was the original 1ZB Radio Station for Auckland.
When more modern transmitters were installed, the little Collins was installed at Paengaroa (NZ) Transmitting station, near Te Puke, N.Z. as an emergency back-up for 1ZD Tauranga, which began broadcasts in 1961. It was then installed at Village Radio in 1984. At the time, in 1937, these Collins Transmitters were regarded by radio engineers as the 'Rolls-Royce' of broadcasting, with very low distortion and a near perfect flat frequency response. They were considered superior to equipment made in Australia. Considering its age, it is in quite remarkable condition and still puts out 900 watts of aerial power, as designed.
It is thanks to a grant from the Lotteries Commission (NZ) and the expertise of a team from a Judea transformer rewinding business that the transmitter had been able to get back in operation. The station installed a brand new Nautel J1000 solid-state transmitter in June 2017 to be used on a daily basis. This was done to increase reliability and take the pressure off the 1 kW tube-based Toshiba which is now used as a back-up. The Toshiba is the only one of its kind known to be working in the world. Village Radio has been unable to track down any others still in operation. It is not clear what happened to the other three transmitters installed in New Zealand. The Collins 20C has been preserved and is only powered up on special occasions.
Village Radio is non-commercial and its income is derived from donations and sponsored time. Listeners may support the station by making a donation of their choice, picking out 20 tunes which will be broadcast and they also become a Friend of Village Radio entitling them to participate in functions organised by the Volunteers
| 667 |
Village Radio 1XT
| 0 |
11,082,895 |
# Rob Compas
**Rob Compas** (born 10 November 1966) is a retired road bicycle racer from the Netherlands, who won the Dutch title for amateurs (road race) in 1992, defeating Erik Dekker (second) and Bart Voskamp (third). He represented his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, where he finished in 42nd position
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Rob Compas
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11,082,914 |
# Michele Abruzzo
**Michele Abruzzo** (29 December 1904 -- 17 November 1996) was an Italian actor.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born in Sciacca, Abbruzzo made his debut on stage at 12 years old. Often regarded as the successor of Angelo Musco, he formed his first stage company in 1938 with Rosina Anselmi and the same year he got his first lead role in cinema in Mario Mattoli\'s *A Lady Did It*. In 1958 he was one of the founders of the Teatro Stabile in Catania. He announced his retirement in 1979, then he came back on stage in 1989, aged 85
| 102 |
Michele Abruzzo
| 0 |
11,082,971 |
# Garage house
**Garage house** (originally known as \"**garage**\"; local terms include \"**New York house**\" and **New Jersey sound**) is a dance music style that was developed alongside Chicago house music. The genre was popular in the 1980s in the United States and the 1990s in the United Kingdom, where it developed into UK garage and speed garage.
## Characteristics
In comparison to other forms of house music, garage includes more gospel-influenced piano riffs and female vocals. It has a more soulful R&B-derived sound than Chicago house.
## History
Garage house was developed in the Paradise Garage nightclub in New York City and Club Zanzibar in Newark, New Jersey, United States, during the early-to-mid 1980s. There was much overlap between it and early house music, making it difficult to tell the two apart. It predates the development of Chicago house, and according to All Music, is relatively closer to disco than other dance styles. As Chicago house gained international popularity, New York\'s garage music scene was distinguished from the \"house\" umbrella.
Dance music of the 1980s made use of electronic instruments such as synthesizers, sequencers and drum machines. These instruments are an essential part of garage music. The direction of garage music was primarily influenced by the New York City discothèque Paradise Garage where the influential DJ Larry Levan, known for his musical versatility and innovation, played records.
According to *Blues & Soul*, contemporary garage music started with Boyd Jarvis and Levan\'s The Peech Boys. Jarvis, using the Visual moniker, was behind 1983 recordings \"Somehow, Someway\" `{{small|(Prelude Records – PRL D 650)}}`{=mediawiki} and \"The Music Got Me\" `{{small|(Prelude Records – PRL D 650)}}`{=mediawiki}, the latter especially influential, which later was sampled by mainstream house music record producers Robert Clivillés and David Cole of C+C Music Factory.
The popularity of the genre in the UK gave birth to a derivative genre called UK garage
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11,082,978 |
# Ivan Milas (footballer)
**Ivan Milas** (born 30 March, 1975 in Imotski) is a Croatian football player. He is currently coach of Sava Strmec.
## Career
He joined RAEC Mons in January 2005 from Zrinjski Mostar, signing a six-month deal, but later was given a long-term contract. Milas left Mons in January 2008 and played for KAS Eupen in the Belgian Second Division
| 63 |
Ivan Milas (footballer)
| 0 |
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