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# Markus Kupferblum
**Markus Kupferblum** (born 12 June 1964) is an Austrian theatre and opera director, playwright and clown. He founded the first Austrian Fringe Opera Company, Totales Theater, in Vienna and is an expert on *commedia dell\'arte* and mask theatre.
He studied at the University of Vienna, at the School of Philippe Gaulier and Monika Pagneux in Paris and at New York University. He was assistant to Antoine Vitez and Achim Freyer.
Since 2013, he has been the founder and director of the interdisciplinary music theatre ensemble Schlüterwerke in Vienna.
He has directed and shown productions in France, Austria, Germany, England, Spain, Belgium, the United States of America, Korea, Armenia, Lebanon, Iran, Israel, Russia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Peru, Turkey, Switzerland, and Italy.
He was awarded the *\"1. Prix de l\'Humour\"* at the Avignon Festival in 1993 and is known for working across the genres of opera, circus, theatre, and film and exploring unusual performance spaces for his productions.
In 2007 he received the Nestroy Theatre Prize for the best German-language fringe production for his play *The Abandoned Dido*.
2019 he received the Operetta Award \"Operetten Frosch\" by the Bavarian National Radio for his production of the Operetta Cloclo by Franz Lehár.
In 2012 he founded the European Theatre Day of Tolerance which is commemorated on every 1 February. On this occasion a Memorandum for peace and tolerance is read before the performances of almost 1,000 theaters throughout Europe and beyond.
In 2013 his book *Die Geburt der Neugier aus dem Geist der Revolution. Die Commedia dell\'Arte als politisches Volkstheater* was published by Facultas, Vienna University Press.
In 2023 his book *The Beauty of Helena - A Guide to the Art of Acting* was published bilingual, German and English, at Verlag Der Apfel, Vienna, Austria
He has taught acting, directing and creative writing at, for example, the University of Vienna, Max Reinhardt Seminar, University of Music and Performing Arts (Vienna), University of Applied Arts (Vienna), Rutgers University, Michigan University, Southeastern Louisiana University, Yale University, New Haven, Columbia University und der CUNY University, both in New York City, Harvard University and the New England Conservatory in Boston, the Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst Frankfurt, Theaterakademie August Everding München, Escuela Nacional del Teatro de Bolivia, and others.
Since 2018 he has been Senior Lecturer at the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna, where he teaches opera directing and drama for singers.
He is a member of the International P.E.N. Club
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# Jim Millea
**James Millea** (born 25 November 1958) is an English actor who played small businessman and publican Neville Ashworth in the Channel 4 soap opera *Hollyoaks*.
Millea trained at the Rose Burford College of Speech and Drama, and developed his acting skills in theatre by appearing in several National Theatre Productions, including *Six Characters in Search of an Author*, *Hey Luigi*, *Fathers and Sons* and *Ting Tang Mine*. Other stage work includes a year with the Royal National Theatre, Levi in *Joseph and His Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat*, Luigi in *Can\'t Pay Won\'t Pay* and Father O\'Neil in *The Spanish Play*.
He first came to public attention in 1989 as Pete Whiteley in *Emmerdale*, a married man who embarked upon an affair with teenager Rachel Hughes. Pete Whiteley was killed off in a hit-and-run car accident and his embittered wife Lynn set about confronting Rachel. A recurring role in the ITV children\'s drama *Children\'s Ward* in 1993 saw Millea play a parent who removes his son from the ward on learning that another patient is HIV positive. Millea has also appeared as minor characters in various television dramas and soaps including a one-off special episode of *EastEnders* \"The return of Nick Cotton\" in 2000; *Crimewatch*; Coronation Street, *Heartbeat* and *A Touch of Frost*. In 2005, Millea was cast as the father of the new Ashworth family in *Hollyoaks*, once remarking that he envied the life of his on-screen son, Rhys. He left the show in 2010. He has also played Carl Armstrong and Jeff Rayner in *Coronation Street* in 1994 and 2013 respectively
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# White Light from the Mouth of Infinity
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# List of Melodifestivalen contestants
This article lists the artists that have participated in **Melodifestivalen** five times or more, and their victories where applicable.
The person with the most Melodifestivalen entries is songwriter Thomas G:son, who has entered 61 songs between 1999 and 2020. Behind G:son is Bobby Ljunggren with 50 entries, and further back are Ingela \"Pling\" Forsman (39 songs), Henrik Wikström (34 songs) and Fredrik Kempe with 33 entries.
Bobby Ljunggren and Lasse Holm have the most Melodifestivalen wins, with five each. Åke Gerhard, Fredrik Kempe and Thomas G:son have a total of four victories. Carola Häggkvist, Ingela \"Pling\" Forsman and Marie Bergman have had three wins each. The person with the most appearances without a victory is Ann-Louise Hanson who entered unsuccessfully thirteen times between 1963 and 2020.
Normal text shows singers, and *italics* show songwriters. *From [ESC.info.se](http://www.infosajten.com/esc/esc/mfdeltagare.html)`{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}`{=mediawiki}*
No. of appearances Name No
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# Gayab
***Gayab*** (*Disappearance*) is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language supernatural black comedy film directed by Prawaal Raman and produced by Ram Gopal Varma. It stars Tusshar Kapoor and Antara Mali as the lead protagonists. The film was declared below average at the box office. The simultaneously shot Tamil version, *Jithan*, had a delayed release in 2005.
## Plot
Vishnu Prasad (Tusshar Kapoor) is an unappreciated nerd. His mother nags him, and his father ignores him. He is in love with his neighbour Mohini (Antara Mali), but she already has a boyfriend, Sameer (Raman Trikha). Vishnu sees Mohini in a cafe with Sameer. As Sameer goes to get drinks, Mohini\'s eyes meet Vishnu\'s. A shy and nervous Vishnu accidentally winks at Mohini, which angers Sameer into hitting him. Vishnu bursts into tears. Sad and depressed from his life, he goes to a beach.
Angry at God for the life he has given him, Vishnu asks the statue to make him disappear from the world as no one likes him. When he reaches home, he discovers that God took his wish literally and turned him invisible. Excited and happy, Vishnu gets many opportunities to spy on Mohini and get her boyfriend in trouble. He realises that he cannot wear any other clothes than the ones he was wearing on the day he received the boon because those were the only clothes that turned invisible with him. When Vishnu sees his father is worried about him and also because of a nagging wife, he tells his father about his secret and calms him down. He plays the role of an invisible ghost to teach his mother a lesson. His mother gets scared thinking that the ghost is of her late father-in-law and faints. Vishnu thinks that he needs money to impress Mohini. So, he robs a bank and brings her all the cash, but Mohnini is shocked and terrified. Vishnu decides to tell her everything. Mohini flies in a rage and tells Vishnu to leave her alone as she is in love with Sameer.
Alone and heartbroken, Vishnu gets drunk and wanders the streets. The media makes up incredible stories after the bank robbery done by an \"invisible force,\" and they try to get more information. The police department takes action and tries to hunt down the \"invisible man.\". Sameer decides to leave town with Mohini before Vishnu comes back looking for them again, but they are unable to do so. So they go into hiding, and Vishnu demands that the police bring him Mohini, or else he will wreak havoc throughout the city.
He also threatens them by comically disturbing the streets and a portion of the city. The police find Mohini and plead with her to help them find and kill Vishnu before he becomes an invisible murderer and a threat to the whole nation. Mohini agrees to help in their mission and goes to an abandoned building to meet Vishnu, as demanded by him. As Mohini diverts Vishnu\'s attention by involving him in a conversation, the cops surround the place to capture him. Vishnu tells Mohini that he has been wrong all along and that he has always loved her. He tells her that he has realised that loving her doesn\'t mean that he has control over her life. Mohini is struck by his words and realises that he is not a bad person.
She decides to save his life and tells him to run away as the cops are already in the building. Vishnu runs for his life and dives into a river as the cops shoot him. Minutes later, Vishnu\'s clothes (now visible) are the only things to surface. But his body is not found. Vishnu is presumed dead by the police and media. A few days later, Sameer and Mohini find Vishnu again on the side of the same river in which he supposedly drowned. Vishnu apologises to them for whatever wrong he did and decides to lead a normal life. Vishnu is arrested and faces trial. Guilty of his acts, he spends a short time in jail and is later released. Many months later, Vishnu is recognised by the nation as a hero, and he has helped the police solve several cases while still leading an invisible but normal life.
## Cast
- Tusshar Kapoor as Vishnu Prasad
- Antara Mali as Mohini
- Raman Trikha as Sameer
- Raghuveer Yadav as Balwantrai, Vishnu\'s father
- Rasika Joshi as Shanti, Vishnu\'s mother
- Govind Namdeo as DCP Rane
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# Gayab
## Production
Suresh Nair of *The Times of India* further developed the \"Stop\" story of *Darna Mana Hai*, which was also directed by Prawaal Raman and produced by Ram Gopal Varma. Kona Venkat and Raman additionally worked as writers for the story, which became *Gayab*. To create Tusshar Kapoor\'s character of an invisible man, he wore a green bodysuit underneath his clothes. Through the use of a software, his body was removed but his clothes remained. While in production the film became a multilingual film with Ram Gopal Varma producing the Hindi and Telugu versions while Radhika Sarathkumar produced the Tamil version titled *Jithan*. The Telugu version was dropped in favour of a simultaneous dubbed release titled *Mayam*.ref
## Soundtrack
## Reception
The film was released to negative reviews.
Sukanya Verma of *Rediff.com* wrote, \"All said and done, *Gayab* offers 15 reels of invisible entertainment\". Taran Adarsh of *Bollywood Hungama* rated the film 1.5/5 and wrote that \"On the whole, *GAYAB* is strong on hype, but weak in content. The USP of the film is the invisible factor in the story, but an amateur screenplay ruins the show\". Anupama Chopra of *India Today* wrote that \"the script, performances and pacing don\'t match up. Like his first film, *Darna Mana Hai*, *Gayab* is a high-concept film that runs out of steam\"
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# Gahar Zagros F.C.
**Gahar Zagros Football Club** (former named by ***Damash Lorestan***) is an Iranian professional football club based in Dorood, Lorestan. Founded in 2006, the club competes in the 2nd Division.
## History
### Establishment in Tehran {#establishment_in_tehran}
Damash Iranian were set up in July 2006 in Tehran by a private investor and played in Iran Football\'s 2nd Division for one season before being promoted to Azadegan League.
### Azadegan League {#azadegan_league}
Competing in Group A of Azadegan League season 2007/08, Damash managed to share the top of the league with Shahrdari Bandar Abbas.
### Hazfi Cup {#hazfi_cup}
In the 2006/07 Hazfi Cup Damash managed to knock out IPL side F.C. Zob Ahan 5--4 on penalty kicks in the round of 32, progressing to the round of 16 where they met Bargh Shiraz F.C. and lost 5--4 on penalties. Damash entered the next season of Hazfi Cup in the Third Round Proper and were eliminated by Steel Azin on penalties.
### Establishment of Damash Lorestan {#establishment_of_damash_lorestan}
Damash Lorestan was formed as a result of the dissolution of Damash Tehran on July 9, 2008. Damash moved to city of Dorood and was renamed Gahar Zagros.
### Gahar Zagros {#gahar_zagros}
In June 2011, the football club changed its name from ***Damash Lorestan**\'\' to***Gahar Zagros**\'\'. In 2011/2012 Davoud Mahabadi was signed as coach and led Gahar Zagros to Iran Pro League, by finishing second in Azadegan League and thanks to playoff victory against Iranjavan F.C. This is the first time in team and Lorestan Province history that it had reached the top tier of Iranian football. Unfortunately the following year the club was relegated back to the Azadegan League. The following year the club was relegated to the 2nd Division
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# Noah Harlan
**Noah Harlan** is an independent film producer and Founder of Two Bulls. He produced six feature films, three with director Raphael Nadjari. Noah received an Emmy Award in \"Advanced Media Interactivity\" in 2008.
Harlan grew up in Cranbury, New Jersey. graduated from Williams College in 1997 with a degree in Computer Science. He also studied at Trinity College (University of Melbourne) and the British American Drama Academy.
He lives in Manhattan with his wife, author Micol Ostow
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# 2003 Turks and Caicos Islands general election
General elections were held in the Turks and Caicos Islands on 24 April 2003. The result was initially a victory for the ruling People\'s Democratic Movement (PDM), which won seven of the thirteen seats in the Legislative Council, with PDM leader Derek Hugh Taylor remaining Chief Minister. However, a court order resulted in the results in South Caicos North (won by the PDM\'s Noel Skippings by two votes) and Five Cays Providenciales (won by the PDM\'s Sean Astwood by five votes) being annulled. The opposition PNP won both seats in the subsequent by-elections and subsequently formed a government in August with Michael Misick becoming Chief Minister.
## Electoral system {#electoral_system}
The thirteen members of the Legislative Council were elected from single-member constituencies.
## Campaign
A total of 26 candidates contested the elections, with both the PDM and the PNP running full slates of 13 candidates
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# Reform Bloc
**Reform Bloc** (*كتلة الاصلاح*, *Kutla Al-Islah*) was a candidature list that contested the May 2005 municipal elections in Bethlehem, the West Bank. The list was launched by Hamas. In total, the Bloc presented 7 candidates. The top candidate of the Bloc was Hassan al-Masalman
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# Lethbridge Dodgers
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ The **Lethbridge Dodgers** were a team in Minor League Baseball based in Lethbridge, Alberta, that competed from 1975 to 1983. After the 1983 season, the team relocated to Idaho and became the Pocatello Gems.
## History
The Dodgers arrived in Lethbridge when the Ogden Spikers moved to town, 65 years after the city had last hosted a professional baseball team. In their debut 1975 season the team went 35--37, third in the four-team Pioneer League, under manager Van Kelly. Steve Ratzer (3-4, 5 saves, 2.33 ERA) was third in the league in ERA and second in saves for a team that seemingly played in a high-offense environment (league-high 403 runs and 437 runs allowed). First baseman Ray Crowley was second in the league in average and hit .338/\~.495/.543. He did not make the All-Star team, but two outfielders did -- Andy Dyes (.324/\~.393/.407, a league-high 58 RBI) and Andre Dawson (.330/\~.389/.553, the league leader with 99 hits, 166 total bases and 13 homers and presumably the slugging leader as well).
In 1976 Walt Hriniak managed the team to a last-place (30-42) finish. They again led in runs (449) and allowed 434 (3rd), a positive run differential despite their bad record. Third baseman John Scoras (.370/\~.449/.619) led the league in batting average, hits (101), total bases (169), homers (13) and RBI (63) and tied for the doubles lead (17) in winning a Triple Crown, the only one in the Pioneer League between 1961 and 1997. He was joined on the All-Star team by catcher Doug Simunic (.244/\~.371/.413). David Palmer (0-5, 7.20) had a horrible year but went on to the best major-league career from the team.
In 1977, the Lethbridge Expos of the Pioneer League began an affiliation with the Los Angeles Dodgers and became known as the **Lethbridge Dodgers**. The team was an instant success, going 44--26 and capturing a championship for manager Gail Henley in its first season. Michael Zournas hit 21 home runs to lead the league, James Nobles paced the circuit with 9 wins, and catcher Jesse Baez and second baseman Don LeJohn were All-Stars. Jim Lefebvre took over as the club\'s skipper the next season, and the team fell to fifth place with a 33--35 record. Still, pitcher Roberto Alexander won 9 games to lead the league and third baseman German Rivera made the All-Star team.
Henley returned as the team\'s manager in 1979, and the Dodgers responded by going 38--30 and capturing another league title. Richard Rodas won the pitching Triple Crown with 12 wins, a 1.12 ERA, and 148 strikeouts, and was joined by first baseman Greg Brock on the All-Star team. Henley remained with the club in 1980, and they posted a league-best 52--18 record and repeated as champs. Pitcher Charles Jones struck out a league-high 115 batters, and first baseman Greg Smith, designated hitter Audie Cole, and pitcher Curtis Reade were All-Stars.
Gary LaRocque replaced Henley at the helm in 1981, and the Dodgers dropped to 43--27, missing out on the playoffs. A bright spot for the team was pitcher Sid Fernandez, who struck out 128 and posted a 1.54 ERA. LaRocque\'s club fell to 25--45 the next season, and not one player made the All-Star team. Henley returned for a third go-round as manager in 1983, and the Dodgers improved to 39--31, narrowly missing out on the postseason. Shortstop Jeff Hamilton and second baseman Ken Harvey were All-Stars, and pitcher Derek Lee tied for the league lead with 9 wins. However, after the season, the Dodgers relocated to Idaho and became the Pocatello Gems.
The**Pocatello Gems** began play in the Pioneer League in 1984, when the Lethbridge Dodgers relocated to Pocatello, Idaho, and were members of the circuit for just two seasons. As an independent club in 1984, led by manager Ron Mihal, they posted the league\'s worst record (23-47). The next season they became an Oakland Athletics affiliate and improved slightly to 24--45 under manager Dave Hudgens, who led them to a third-place finish out of four clubs in the Southern Division. One bright spot that year was the play of shortstop Walt Weiss, who made the league\'s 1985 All-Star team. However, after the season, the Gems franchise suspended operations
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# Charles Lee (American football)
**Charles Lee** (born November 19, 1977) is an American former professional football wide receiver who played for the Green Bay Packers, Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Packers in the seventh round of the 2000 NFL draft. Lee was a member of the Buccaneers\' 2003 Super Bowl winning team. He also played for the Orlando Predators of the Arena Football League in 2007.
Already on probation for cocaine possession, he was arrested on December 5, 2007, for robbing two students near the University of Central Florida, the college where he formerly starred. He was sentenced to five years in prison, and later he planned to work on a prison ministry when released. Lee is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity
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# Jon Lolis
**Jon** or **Leonidas Lolis** is an Albanian/Greek actor who is most noted for his role of Aleksander Malota in British Channel 4 soap *Hollyoaks*. He played the estranged husband of Jacqui McQueen who fell in love with her younger sister Carmel.
Jon made his TV debut in the 6-part BBC1 drama *Rough Diamond* in which he played bad boy JP.
After Hollyoaks he went on to star as a regular in a new soap called *The Royal Today*, a modern-day spin-off of *The Royal* broadcast on ITV in 2008. He played porter Kristaps on the show. The same year saw the character of Aleksander return on *Hollyoaks* for a brief storyline.
In 2009, Jon was a guest star on prime time hospital drama *Casualty* (BBC1). He played Bluto, the rebellious brother of a Serbian contractor. He then went on to lead the cast of a new pilot comedy called *The 370* playing Pavel, the driver of the bus in which the comedy was set in. Jon\'s next role was in the critically acclaimed 6-part drama *Casualty 1909*, in which he played Stepanovs, a translator employed by the police.
Jon\'s next project saw the actor star as Sgt Josef František in Channel 4\'s 2010 miniseries *Bloody Foreigners*, exploring the part played by immigrant communities in key events of British history; the episode focussed on the achievements of an elite group of Polish pilots during the Battle of Britain. Since then, he has acted in 2 episodes of *Emmerdale* and as a Czech soldier in *Home Fires* before appearing in an episode of the BBC 2018 adaptation of China Miéville\'s *The City & the City*.
He grew up in Greece. He studied at the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts
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# Nigel North
**Nigel North** (born 5 June 1954) is an English lutenist, musicologist, and pedagogue.
## Student days {#student_days}
He studied guitar on a scholarship to the junior department of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama (1964--70), taking up the lute in 1969, at the age of 15. He maintains he was more or less self-taught on the instrument. He went on to study at the Royal College of Music from 1971 to 1974: classical guitar with John Williams and Carlos Bonell, viola da gamba with Francis Baines; lute (one term) with Diana Poulton, qualifying in 1974 with an A.R.C.M. diploma in lute performance. He completed his studies on the postgraduate course in Early Music at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama 1975--1975 and with one month\'s study with baroque lutenist Michael Schäffer in 1976.
## Teaching
At the age of 21, he was appointed Professor of Lute at the Guildhall School for Music and Drama, a position he held until 1996. From 1993 to 1999 he was Professor of Historical Plucked Instruments at the Hochschule der Künste, Berlin, Germany. From January 1999 he has been Professor of Lute at the Early Music Institute, Jacobs School of Music, Indiana University and, from January 2005, has taught the lute at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague, Holland.
He is internationally recognized as the foremost authority on basso continuo for plucked instruments, and has written the standard modern textbook on continuo playing on the lute and related instruments:
- ([review](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3127203))
The following textbook is in preparation:
- *Lute and Early Guitar - a Performance Practice Handbook* Original didactic sources from 1500 - c.1760, for lute and guitar. Sources in facsimile, with translations and full editorial comment; covering the working repertoire of a modern lutenist. It will be a book in which one may find the answers to performance practice questions taken directly from original sources.
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# Nigel North
## Professional career {#professional_career}
His recording life began in the mid-1970s; while studying at music college, he played viol, cittern, rebec and violin as well as his more usual instruments, lute, theorbo, mandolin and baroque guitar on recordings with some of the English pioneers of early music of that time, such as David Munrow with The Early Music Consort and Alfred Deller with The Deller Consort.
From 1974 to 1990 Nigel North played in baroque operas, baroque orchestras and chamber groups and accompanied singers in concerts, participating in over 100 recordings. Notable groups and people with whom he has worked:
- The English Concert (Trevor Pinnock)
- The Academy of Ancient Music (Christopher Hogwood)
- The Brandenburg Consort (Roy Goodman)
- Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment (René Jacobs)
- Red Byrd
- Fretwork
- London Baroque
- Peter Pears (Aldeburgh Festival, 1976)
- James Bowman
- Michael Chance
- Nancy Argenta
- Emma Kirkby
With Andrew Manze (violin) and John Toll (harpsichord) he formed the ensemble Romanesca in 1988; they played together for the next 10 years.
His solo lute debut was a Bach programme at the Wigmore Hall in 1977; in 1985 he performed all of Bach\'s lute works for the first time in London. Numerous recitals and recordings followed and from 1984 to 2001 he toured worldwide.
He has made transcriptions for Baroque lute of Bach\'s complete solo violin works and solo cello suites, which he has performed at the Wigmore Hall and recorded on a 4-CD set, *Bach on the Lute* (1994--1998).
Other notable recordings include the complete lute works of John Dowland (4 CDs on Naxos Records), the complete lute works of Robert Johnson, as well as a critically acclaimed recording of \"A Varietie of Lute Lessons,\" and a new series of CD\'s dedicated to the works of Sylvius Leopold Weiss, among many others.
## Published editions of lute music {#published_editions_of_lute_music}
- Oxford University Press Lute Series
- Lute Music by William Byrd (Volume 6), 1976
- Lute and Bandora Music by Alfonso Ferrabosco (Volume 8), 1979, Stainer and Bell
- Tablature for 2 Lutes Volumes 1 and 2 (English Renaissance Treble and Ground Duets), 1983, Faber Music/Indiana University Press
- *Varietie of Lute Lessons*, Robert Dowland\'s anthology of 1610 (in preparation)
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# Andre King
**Andre Omar King** (born November 26, 1973) is a Jamaican-American former professional football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the seventh round of the 2001 NFL draft. He played for the Browns from 2001 to 2004. He went to the University of Miami for college. He also played baseball in the MLB\'s Atlanta Braves and Cincinnati Reds farm systems.
King attended Stranahan High School in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and was a letterman in football and baseball. In football, he was an All-County selection and an All-State selection. In baseball, as a senior, he posted a .492 batting average with seven home runs, and 30 stolen bases.
He is now the head football coach and athletic director at Loganville Christian Academy in Loganville, Georgia
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# Joke Over
\"**Joke Over**\" is the thirteenth episode of the fifth and final series of the period drama *Upstairs, Downstairs*. It first aired on 30 November 1975 on ITV.
## Background
*Joke Over* was recorded in the studio on 29 and 30 May 1975. The location footage was filmed near Middle Wallop in Andover, Hampshire on 21 May 1975. The scavenger hunt plotline was inspired by the autobiography of Barbara Cartland, *We Danced All Night*. This had also been used by Rosemary Anne Sisson in the earlier episode *Laugh a Little Louder Please*. In *Joke Over*, Madeleine Cannon makes her final appearance as Lady Dolly Hale.
## Cast
- Lesley-Anne Down - Georgina Worsley
- Gordon Jackson - Hudson
- David Langton - Richard Bellamy
- Hannah Gordon - Virginia Bellamy
- Angela Baddeley - Mrs Bridges
- Raymond Huntley - Sir Geoffrey Dillon
- Christopher Beeny - Edward
- Nigel Havers - Peter Dinmont
- Patsy Blower - Ethel
- Madeline Cannon - Lady Dolly Hale
- Terence Bayler - Darrow Morton
- Anthony Andrews - Robert, Marquis of Stockbridge
- Jacqueline Tong - Daisy
- Barry Stanton - PC Burridge
- Bernard Barnsley - Mr Smith
- Jenny Tomasin - Ruby
- Robert Hartley - Coroner
- Daphne Lawson - Mrs Smith
- Kenneth Thornett - Foreman of the Jury
- Sue Crossland - Double for Lesley-Anne Down
## Plot
It is summer 1928, and Lord and Lady Bellamy are at Southwold in Wiltshire, so Georgina has the house to herself. She returns late at night with friends Lady Dolly, Peter Dinmont, Ethel, Darrow Morton and Lord Stockbridge after a scavenger hunt. The final item for the scavenger hunt is a maid\'s cap, which they fetch from the servants\' quarters, waking Hudson in the process. Lady Dolly soon goes upstairs, to take cocaine. To finish the scavenger hunt the party need to drive down to Sussex, but as Lady Dolly\'s car has a puncture, they go to the garage and insist on taking Lord Bellamy\'s car. Edward tries say that he should drive, but Georgina refuses to let him.
Early in the morning, Georgina is driving the car on a quiet road in Sussex when a cyclist, Mr Smith, suddenly comes out in front of her. Despite braking, the car knocks the man over. Back in London, Lord and Lady Bellamy return. Sir Geoffrey Dillon arrives and informs them that Mr Smith has died. Richard blames Edward for allowing Georgina to drive. Lord Stockbridge\'s father, the Duke of Buckminster, forbids Robert, who was travelling in a separate car behind Georgina, from attending the inquest, and the solicitors have arranged to say that he was not there. At the inquest, Darrow, Peter and Ethel do not turn up, and Lady Dolly\'s testimony does more to harm Georgina\'s case than help. At the last minute, Lord Stockbridge turns up and insists on giving evidence. He tells the inquest how Georgina was only driving at 30 mph and says she could not have done anything to avoid running over Mr Smith. The verdict is given as \"accidental death\" but Georgina is rebuked for \"irresponsible behaviour\".
Meanwhile, Edward is annoyed at being blamed for the car being taken, and tells Daisy he will resign. However, Richard soon speaks to him and apologises, saying Georgina had told him what happened. Georgina tells Lord Stockbridge after the inquest that she never wants to see Lady Dolly again and they then go together to the Savoy Grill for lunch
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# Tour of Qinghai Lake
The **Tour of Qinghai Lake** is an annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in the Qinghai province of China since 2002 and is named after Qinghai Lake. The race is sanctioned by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 2.HC race as part of the UCI Asia Tour. The race was to become part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020, although the event in 2020 was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 and 2022 events were held as a class 2.2 race with all domestic teams due to the international travel restrictions during the pandemic. The race returned to the UCI ProSeries in 2023
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# Wafaa Bloc
**Wafaa Bloc** (*كتلة الوفاء*) was a candidature list that contested the May 2005 municipal elections in Bethlehem, the West Bank. The list was officially supported by the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine. In total, the Bloc presented 4 candidates. The top candidate of the Bloc was Nasser Isa Hassan Shauka
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# Handkerchief tree
**Handkerchief tree** is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
- *Davidia involucrata*
- *Maniltoa browneoides*
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# Thomas Nossiter
**Thomas Johnson Nossiter** (24 December 1937 -- 12 January 2004) was Professor of Government at the London School of Economics from 1989 until 1994.
## Early life {#early_life}
Nossiter was the son of Alfred and Margaret (*née* Hume) Nossiter. He was educated at Stockton Grammar School.
He did National Service in the Royal Corps of Signals between 1956 and 1958.
Nossiter completed his higher education at the University of Oxford, as an undergraduate at Exeter College and a graduate at Nuffield. He took the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Philosophy. His thesis, completed under the auspices of the Faculty of Modern History and submitted in 1968, was entitled, *Elections and political behaviour in County Durham and Newcastle, 1832-74*.
## Academic career {#academic_career}
For the rest of his life, Nossiter studied and lectured in political sociology.
In 1964 he was appointed Lecturer in Social Studies at the University of Leeds. He continued to live in Leeds throughout the time during which he was working in London. He was first appointed to the London School of Economics in 1973 and for more than twenty years he taught an entire generation of students in the Government department. His work on Communism in Kerala was influential on later scholarship. His numerous PhD students included Vir K. Chopra.
He went on to hold the positions of
- Senior Lecturer (1977--83)
- Chairman of Examiners University of London External Programme BSc (1980)
- Chairman of the Working Party on Revision of the External BSc (1983)
- Reader (1983--87), chairman of the Board of Studies in Economics (1984--85)
- Dean of the Graduate School (1986--89), Academic Governor (1988--92)
- Professor of Government (1989--94)
- Professor Emeritus (appointed for life in 1996)
## Other aspects of his life {#other_aspects_of_his_life}
Nossiter was an advocate of adult education, both at home and further afield. In 1991 he was appointed an Honorary Citizen of Trá Lí (Tralee), Contae Chiarraí (County Kerry) in recognition of his endeavours in the field. His obituary noted that \"he had touched thousands of lives in rural India\".
In 1999 he was elected a Councillor on Leeds City Council for the Liberal Democrats. He resigned after six months in office representing Horsforth ward.
## Publications
### Sole-authored books {#sole_authored_books}
- *Influence, opinion and political idioms in reformed England: case studies from the north-east, 1832-74* (Hassocks, 1975)
- *Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation* (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982)
- *Marxist state governments in India: politics, economics and society* (London: Pinter, 1988)
#### Administrative guide {#administrative_guide}
- *BSc (Economics) Degree. Government, parts I/II* (University of London External Advisory Service Subject Guide, London: University of London, 1989)
### Edited
- *Broadcasting Finance in Transition* with Blumler, Jay G. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991)
- *The letters of Alastair Hetherington (Editor of*The Guardian*1958-75)* British Library of Economic and Political Science 1997.
- *Imagination and precision in the social sciences: essays in memory of Peter Nettl* with A.H. Hanson and Stein R
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# Turn On Your Love Light
\"**Turn On Your Love Light**\" is a rhythm and blues song recorded by Bobby Bland in 1961. It was an important R&B and pop chart hit for Bland and has become one of his most identifiable songs. A variety of artists have recorded it, including Them and the Grateful Dead, who made it part of their concert repertoire.
## Composition and recording {#composition_and_recording}
\"Turn On Your Love Light\" was written by band leader and arranger Joe Scott (with an additional credit given to Duke Records owner/producer Don Robey aka Deadric Malone). Scott\'s brass arrangement \"upped the excitement ante\" with \"the groove picking up momentum as the horns and percussion talk to each other\" and Bland\'s vocal \"riding on top\".
Backing Bland are probably Joe Scott and Melvin Jackson on trumpets, Pluma Davis on trombone, Johnny Board and Jimmy Beck on saxophones, Rayfield Davers on baritone saxophone, Teddy Reynolds on piano, Wayne Bennett on guitar, Hamp Simmons on bass, and John \"Jabo\" Starks on drums.
## Charts and recognition {#charts_and_recognition}
\"Turn On Your Love Light\" was one of Bobby Bland\'s most popular singles. It entered the Billboard R&B chart on December 4, 1961, eventually reaching number two during a stay of fifteen weeks. It was also a Top 40 hit, reaching number 28, one of Bland\'s highest showings in the pop chart. In 1999, the song received a Grammy Hall of Fame Award and is included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame list of the \"500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll\".
## Later renditions {#later_renditions}
In 1964, Van Morrison\'s band Them often performed \"Turn On Your Love Light\" live at the Maritime Hotel in Belfast, Northern Ireland. A fan\'s recording of one of these performances brought Them to the attention of Dick Rowe and led to a recording contract with Decca Records. It is included on their 1966 album, *Them Again*. Also in 1964, pioneering rock guitar soloist Lonnie Mack released an instrumental version under the title \"Lonnie On The Move\".
In 1967, \"Turn On Your Love Light\" became a staple of Grateful Dead concerts, sung by Ron McKernan: a 15-minute rendition is on their 1969 double live album *Live/Dead*. McKernan\'s final performance of \"Love Light\" -- complete with extended vocal raps -- occurred at the Lyceum Theatre, London, during the *Europe \'72* tour. Versions with McKernan were often very long due to long vocal raps, instrumental jams, and drum solos throughout. A version performed at the 1969 Woodstock Festival lasted more than 45 minutes. The Grateful Dead later revived the song in the early 1980s with Bob Weir singing, and it has occasionally popped up in later post-Dead group performances. An edited version of the *Live/Dead* performance (6:30) can be found on pre-2004 releases of *Skeletons from the Closet: The Best of Grateful Dead*.
In 1966, the song (titled as \"Love Lights,\" and incorrectly credited to the Sonics\' bandleader Gerry Roslie) was recorded by the Rascals, appearing as part of a medley with the Motown tune \"Mickey\'s Monkey\" on the album *Collections*. In 1967, the song was released as a single by Jerry Lee Lewis and included on his album *Soul My Way* (Smash SRS 67097). Lewis\'s recording was re-released in 1972 as a follow-up to his hit recording of \"Chantilly Lace\" and appeared briefly in the lower reaches of the *Billboard* Hot 100. It was also included on the 1972 album *The Killer Rocks On*.
In 1968, The Human Beinz released their version on Capitol Records that became a number one chart hit in Japan, and number 80 in Canada. Also in 1968, Bill Black\'s Combo recorded the song and was included in the album by the same name. It peaked at number 82 on the pop charts both in the US *Billboard* Hot 100 and Canadian RPM charts, making it the group\'s last pop chart entry. Tom Jones performed it on the April 18, 1969 episode of the *This Is Tom Jones* television series.
Before joining Grand Funk Railroad, Mark Farner and Don Brewer covered this song as \"Love Lights\" and is included on *Monumental Funk*. In 1972, Edgar Winter\'s White Trash recorded the song for the live album *Roadwork*. Also in 1972, the song was recorded by Bob Seger on the album *Smokin\' O.P.\'s*. Country Music legend Conway Twitty recorded the song on his 1980 album Heart and Soul. More recently, a version of the song performed by the Blues Brothers appeared in the 1998 film *Blues Brothers 2000*. John Boutté adapted the song with different lyrics as \"Treme Song\" and appears on his 2003 album *Jambalaya*. It was later used as the theme song for *Treme*, a 2010--2013 HBO television drama series. It has been a regular feature of guitar soloist Jeff Beck\'s touring set-list since at least 2015, with the title \"Lonnie On the Move\", in deference to Lonnie Mack\'s aforementioned instrumental adaptation
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# Philip Furley Fyson
**Philip Furley Fyson** (1877--1947) was a botanist and educator who worked in India. He is noted as the author of the first illustrated volumes on the flora of the South Indian hills. The Fyson prize is instituted in his honour by the Presidency College, Chennai for work in the area of Natural science.
## Early life {#early_life}
Fyson was born in Japan to British missionary parents and his early education was in Scotland. He earned a first class in the Natural Science tripos at Cambridge and in 1904 he moved to Madras in South India to join the Presidency College of Madras.
## Botany in India {#botany_in_india}
From 1920 to 1925 he served as Inspector of Schools for Visakhapatnam and Ganjam districts. He later returned to the Presidency college in and became its Principal from 1925 to 1932. He wrote a textbook of botany in 1912 for college students. He also wrote a book on Madras flowers with 100 illustrated plates, a Flora of the South Indian Hills and a monograph on the genus *Eriocaulon*. He helped establish and launch the Journal of Indian Botany through the Indian Botanical Society (started in 1919). The journal was later to become Journal of the Indian Botanical Society.
From 1906, he took great interest in the botany of the hills and spent time in the Sacred Heart College at Shembaganur, near Kodaikanal, working along with Fr. E. Gombert, on the local botany. In 1910 some 30 amateur women naturalists in the Kodaikanal and Ooty area were illustrating the local flora under the guidance of Lady Bourne. Sir Alfred Gibbs Bourne and Lady Bourne were interested in the botany of these hills and approached him for adding information on these plants. This led him to study the local flora and the Kew collections.
He took leave for this study and in 1915 this resulted in *The Flora of the Nilgiri and Pulney Hill-tops* with 286 illustrated pages and 483 species. A supplement followed in 1921 with species from the lower elevations and notes on the Shevaroy Hills. This was followed in 1932 by *The Flora of the South Indian Hill Stations*\' covering 877 species. His wife Diana Ruth Fyson also illustrated the book, with nearly 320 of the 611 plates contributed by her. She was interested in art and nature and also wrote a guide to the Mahabalipuram area.
Professor Fyson retired and returned to England in 1932 and settled at Rushwick, Worcester. He died in a road accident on 24 December 1947. His wife Diana died on 16 December 1969 at Hexham, Northumberland.
Although modern botanists have not been impressed by the works, his was the first major illustrated flora. This work created a lot of interest in the flora and stimulated many new botanical works. He also encouraged many naturalists including Madhaviah Krishnan. Fyson was elected member of the Linnean Society on 21 April 1904.
## Gallery
Image:FysonHills.png\|The Flora of the South Indian Hill Stations, Ootacamund, Coonoor, Kotagiri, Kodaikanal, Yercaud and the Country Round, Vol. I, 1932 Image:Fyson Title Page 1915.JPG\|*The Flora of the Niligiri and Pulney Hill-Tops (Above 6,500 Feet)*, Vol. II, 1915 Image:Fyson, Vol. III, 1920.JPG\|*The flora of the Niligiri and Pulney Hill-Tops*, Vol. III, 1920
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# John Row (poet)
**John Row** (born 1947) is an English storyteller and public speaker.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Row was born in Barking, London, and grew up in Harlow. He has a degree from the University of East Anglia in American studies.
## Career
John Row tours schools around the world and other institutions such as prisons. He has been a presence in Texas where he has performed in detention centres for the young inmates. He was the first storyteller in residence in a British prison.
He is the artistic director of the International Storytelling Festival that is celebrated every 2 years in Marrakech. The festival set a Guinness World Record with 120 hours of continuous non-stop storytelling in 2025.
He has performed at festivals in the UK, and has a weekly radio show on Ipswich Community Radio. He is a contributor to *On Track*, a magazine for rail travellers in the Southern Region. With singer/songwriter Paddy Stratton he is one half of \'Serious Times\', a touring music and poetry show.
Performing in the 1960s, he joined up with Graham Flight from the Canterbury band \'Wild Flowers\', which spawned both \'Soft Machine\' and \'Caravan\'. In the 1970s he toured with Nick Toczek in \'Stereo Graffiti\' and in the 1980s and early 1990s with \'Sound Proposition\' an anarchic combination of free form jazz, funk and poetry which toured East Germany in the last weeks of its existence.
His book of poems for children, *The Pong Machine*, was published in 1999.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Row lives in Bristol and spends time in Colibita, Romania
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# Ahd Bloc
**Ahd Bloc** (*كتلة العهد*) was a joint list of Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, Arab Liberation Front and independents for the May 2005 municipal elections in Bethlehem, the West Bank. In total, the Bloc presented 9 candidates (5 Christians and 4 Muslims). The top candidate of the Bloc was Dr. Peter Qumri, director of Beit Jala Hospital
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# List of ambassadors of the United States to the Netherlands
The **United States diplomatic mission to the Netherlands** consists of the embassy located in The Hague and a consular office located in Amsterdam.
In 1782, John Adams was appointed America\'s first Minister Plenipotentiary to Holland. According to the United States Department of State, the same year came formal recognition by the Netherlands of the United States as a separate and independent nation, along with badly needed financial help that indicated faith in its future. These loans from the United Provinces, which have been called \"the Marshall Plan in reverse,\" were the first the new government received. Adams purchased a home in the Hague at Fluwelen Burgwal 18 (located within Uilebomen, The Hague Center), as the first U.S. embassy.
The current American Embassy building in The Hague opened on January 29, 2018. Notable Americans such as former Presidents Adams and John Quincy Adams, General Hugh Ewing and Iraq Envoy L. Paul Bremer have held the title of Ambassador.
Besides the embassy, a U.S. consulate-general is located on Curaçao which is responsible for the territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean. This consulate is not part of the U.S. diplomatic mission to the Netherlands.
April 19, the day John Adams presented his credentials in the Hague, was declared by President Ronald Reagan to be memorialized as \"Dutch-American Friendship Day\".
## Ambassadors
\# Name Type Start date End date
---- ------------------------------- ---------- -------------------- --------------------
1 John Adams MP April 19, 1782 March 30, 1788
2 William Livingston MP
3 John Rutledge MP
4 William Short MP June 18, 1792 December 19, 1792
5 John Quincy Adams MP November 6, 1794 June 20, 1797
6 William Vans Murray MP June 20, 1797 September 2, 1801
7 William Eustis EE/MP July 20, 1815 May 5, 1818
8 Alexander H. Everett Chd\'Aff January 4, 1819 April 7, 1824
9 Christopher Hughes Chd\'Aff July 10, 1826 January 28, 1830
10 William Pitt Preble EE/MP January 28, 1830 May 2, 1831
11 Auguste Davezac Chd\'Aff December 30, 1831 July 13, 1839
12 Harmanus Bleecker Chd\'Aff July 13, 1839 August 22, 1842
13 Christopher Hughes Chd\'Aff August 22, 1842 June 28, 1845
14 Auguste Davezac Chd\'Aff June 28, 1845 September 16, 1850
15 George Folsom Chd\'Aff September 16, 1850 October 11, 1853
16 August Belmont Chd\'Aff October 11, 1853 September 26, 1854
MR September 26, 1854 September 22, 1857
17 Henry C. Murphy MR September 24, 1857 June 8, 1861
18 James S. Pike MR June 8, 1861 May 29, 1866
19 Daniel E. Sickles MR
20 John A. Dix MR
21 Albert Rhodes Chd\'Aff October 19, 1866 December 1, 1866
22 Hugh Ewing MR December 1, 1866 October 31, 1870
23 Joseph P. Root MR
24 Charles T. Gorham MR December 15, 1870 July 9, 1875
25 Francis B. Stockbridge MR
26 James Birney MR March 29, 1876 April 20, 1882
27 William L. Dayton, Jr. MR September 26, 1882 June 8, 1885
28 Isaac Bell, Jr. MR June 8, 1885 April 29, 1888
29 Robert B. Roosevelt MR August 10, 1888 September 26, 1888
EE/MP September 26, 1888 May 17, 1889
30 Samuel R. Thayer EE/MP May 24, 1889 August 7, 1893
31 William E. Quinby EE/MP August 11, 1893 July 26, 1897
32 Stanford Newel EE/MP August 19, 1897 June 30, 1905
33 David J. Hill EE/MP July 15, 1905 June 1, 1908
34 Arthur M. Beaupre EE/MP June 15, 1908 September 25, 1911
35 Lloyd Bryce EE/MP November 16, 1911 September 10, 1913
36 Henry van Dyke EE/MP October 15, 1913 January 11, 1917
37 John W. Garrett EE/MP October 11, 1917 June 18, 1919
38 William Phillips EE/MP April 23, 1920 April 11, 1922
39 Richard M. Tobin EE/MP May 1, 1923 August 29, 1929
40 Gerrit John Diekema EE/MP November 20, 1929 December 20, 1930
41 Laurits S. Swenson EE/MP April 29, 1931 March 5, 1934
42 Grenville T. Emmet EE/MP March 21, 1934 August 21, 1937
43 George A. Gordon EE/MP September 10, 1937 July 16, 1940
44 Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, Jr. EE/MP March 27, 1941 May 8, 1942
AE/P May 8, 1942 December 1, 1943
45 Stanley K. Hornbeck AE/P December 8, 1944 March 7, 1947
46 Herman B. Baruch AE/P April 12, 1947 August 26, 1949
47 Selden Chapin AE/P October 27, 1949 October 30, 1953
48 H. Freeman Matthews AE/P November 25, 1953 June 11, 1957
49 Philip Young AE/P June 27, 1957 December 20, 1960
50 John S. Rice AE/P May 6, 1961 May 27, 1964
51 William R. Tyler AE/P June 23, 1965 June 20, 1969
52 J. William Middendorf II AE/P July 9, 1969 June 10, 1973
53 Kingdon Gould, Jr. AE/P October 18, 1973 September 30, 1976
54 Robert J. McCloskey AE/P October 22, 1976 March 10, 1978
55 Geri M. Joseph AE/P September 6, 1978 June 17, 1981
56 William J. Dyess AE/P September 2, 1982 July 19, 1983
57 L. Paul Bremer AE/P August 31, 1983 August 25, 1986
58 John Shad AE/P June 24, 1987 February 23, 1989
59 C. Howard Wilkins, Jr. AE/P July 13, 1989 July 11, 1992
60 K. Terry Dornbush AE/P March 16, 1994 July 28, 1998
61 Cynthia P. Schneider AE/P September 2, 1998 June 17, 2001
62 Clifford Sobel AE/P December 6, 2001 August 24, 2005
63 Roland Arnall AE/P Mar 8, 2006 March 7, 2008
64 James Culbertson AE/P July 10, 2008 January 20, 2009
65 Fay Hartog-Levin AE/P August 19, 2009 September 1, 2011
66 Timothy M. Broas AE/P March 19, 2014 February 12, 2016
67 Adam Sterling Chd\'Aff February 12, 2016 July 29, 2016
68 Shawn P
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# Do It (Rasheeda song)
\"**Do It**\" is the debut single by rapper Rasheeda, released as the lead single from her debut album *Dirty South,* which features Pastor Troy and Re Re. Additional vocals were made by Quebo Gold and it was produced by Karesha Jones.
\"Do It\" was released almost a year prior to the album in April 2000, it peaked on *Billboard*{{\'s}} Hot Rap Songs chart at number 7 the next month. The music video was released in February 2001.
In 2014, *Complex* magazine assessed \"Do It\" as a \"major crunk anthem\"
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# FC Avirons
**FC Avirons**, is a football (soccer) club from Les Avirons, Réunion Island
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# Arsawuya
**Arsawuya** was a \'mayor\' of Ruhizzi, located east of *Qidšu*-(Kadesh), and farther east beyond the Anti-Lebanon mountain range, during the 1350--1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. He is referenced in five letters, two letters of which he wrote to the Egyptian pharaoh, letters EA 191, and 192, (EA for \'el Amarna\').
## Arsawuya\'s second letter {#arsawuyas_second_letter}
The complete topic of Arsawuya\'s second letter is missing because of a multi-sentence lacuna.
### EA 191, *\"Preparations for war\"* {#ea_191_preparations_for_war}
: To the king, my lord: Message of *Arsawuya*, the ruler of Ruhizza. I fall at the feet of the king, my lord. The king, my lord, wrote to me to make preparations before the arrival of the archers of the king, my lord, and before the arrival of his many commissioners.
: And could I think of not serving the king, my lord?
: May I join up with the archers of the king and his commissioners so that, having everything prepared, I might follow them wherever they are at war against the king, my lord, and we capture them (and) give his enemies into the hand of the king, our lord. ---EA 191, lines 1-21 (complete)
### EA 192, *\"Message received\"* {#ea_192_message_received}
: \[Sa\]y \[t\]o the king, my lord, both Sun and my god: Message of *\[A\]rsawuya*, the loyal servant \[o\]f the king, my lord, \[and the \[\[Prostration formula\|di\]rt at the feet\]\] of the king, my lord. I fall at the feet of the king, my lord, both Sun and my god, 7 times and 7 times.
: \[I have\] heard the words \[of the king\], my lord and my god, \[and here\]with \[\...\] \...\[the king\], (my) lord. And the king, \[m\]y lord, must \[not\] neglect his country
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# Scolty Hill
**Scolty Hill** is a small hill south of the Deeside town, Banchory. Its best known feature is the 20m tall tower monument, built in 1840 as a memorial to General William Burnett who fought alongside Wellington. The tower was restored in 1992 and a viewing platform added by the Rotary Club of Banchory-Ternan. It enjoys splendid views over Banchory, the Dee Valley and the Grampian Mountains, which surround the hill. This encourages thousands of visitors each year. It is popular for tourists, locals and mountain bikers.
Part of the hill is owned by the Forestry Commission, the other part is owned by local landowner Ron Middleton.
Recent forestry work has meant that many visitors are not allowed on some paths for safety purposes. However, once this is completed the Scolty Woodland Park Association plan on recreating some of the paths on the hill and local mountain bikers also plan on creating a downhill mountain bike track, similar to the one at Pitfichie
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# Faust up to Date
***Faust up to Date*** is a musical burlesque with a libretto was written by G. R. Sims and Henry Pettitt, and a score written by Meyer Lutz (a few songs by others were interpolated into the show). Set in Nuremberg, it is a spoof of Gounod\'s opera, *Faust*, which had first been performed in London in 1864. The burlesque followed on from an earlier Lutz musical, *Mephistopheles, or Faust and Marguerite*.
The piece was first performed at the Gaiety Theatre, London on 30 October 1888, produced by George Edwardes, and ran until August 1889. It starred Florence St. John as Margaret, E. J. Lonnen as Mephistopheles and Mabel Love as Totchen. It was revived in July 1892, with Florence St. John again playing the role of Margaret, Edmund Payne as Mephistopheles and Arthur Williams as Valentine. The piece enjoyed subsequent productions in New York, Australia (with Robert Courtneidge as Valentine) and elsewhere.
## Background
This type of burlesque, or travesty was popular in Britain at the time. Other examples include *The Bohemian G-yurl and the Unapproachable Pole* (1877), *Blue Beard* (1882), *Ariel* (1883, by F. C. Burnand), *Galatea, or Pygmalion Reversed* (1883), *Little Jack Sheppard* (1885), *Monte Cristo Jr.* (1886), *Miss Esmeralda* (1887), *Frankenstein, or The Vampire\'s Victim* (1887), *Mazeppa*, *Ruy Blas and the Blase Roue* (1888), *Carmen up to Data* (1890), *Cinder Ellen up too Late* (1891) and *Don Juan* (1892, with lyrics by Adrian Ross).
John Hollingshead had managed the Gaiety Theatre, London, from 1868 to 1886 as a venue for variety, continental operetta, light comedy, and numerous musical burlesques composed or arranged by the theatre\'s music director, Wilhelm Meyer Lutz. Hollingshead called himself a \"licensed dealer in legs, short skirts, French adaptations, Shakespeare, taste and musical glasses.\" In 1886, Hollingshead ceded the management of the theatre to George Edwardes, whom he had hired in 1885. Edwardes expanded the burlesque format from often one-act to full-length pieces, with original music by Lutz instead of scores compiled from popular tunes, and choreography by the theatre\'s dance-master, John D\'Auban. Lutz\'s ballet music, a *Pas de Quatre* (1888), originally choreographed by D\'Auban, became very popular and is still available today on CD.
Nellie Farren starred as the \"principal boy\" at the Gaiety for nearly 25 years, from 1868 to 1892. Fred Leslie joined her there in 1885 and wrote many of its most successful burlesques under his pseudonym, \"A. C. Torr\". In the early 1890s, as Burlesque went out of fashion, Edwardes changed the focus of the theatre from musical burlesque to the new genre of Edwardian musical comedy.
## Productions
*Faust up to date* was first produced at the Gaiety Theatre, London by George Edwardes, opening on 30 October 1888, and running until August 1889. It starred Florence St. John as Margaret, E. J. Lonnen as Mephistopheles, Fanny Robina as Faust, George Stone as Valentine, and Mabel Love as Totchen. A highlight of the piece was a dance for four women. It was revived in July 1892, with Florence St. John again playing the role of Margaret, Edmund Payne as Mephistopheles and Arthur Williams as Valentine. The piece enjoyed subsequent productions in New York opening at the former Broadway Theatre at 1445 Broadway on 10 December 1889, Australia (with Robert Courtneidge as Valentine) and elsewhere.
### Roles and original cast {#roles_and_original_cast}
- Mephistopheles -- E. J. Lonnen
- Valentine -- George Stone
- Old Faust -- Harry Parker
- Lord Chancellor -- Walter Lonnen
- Faust -- Fanny Robina
- Siebel -- Jennie McNulty
- Wagner -- Emma Broughton
- Donner -- Alice Young
- Blitzen -- Hetty Hamer
- Elsa -- Lillian Price
- Lisa -- Florence Levey
- Katrina -- Miss Greville
- Hilda -- Miss Sprague
- Totchen -- Mabel Love
- Martha -- Maria Jones
- Waitress -- Emily Robina
- Waitress -- Minnie Ross
- Marguerite -- Florence St. John
## Synopsis
The following plot summary was printed in *The Theatre* in December 1888:
> It might have been thought that Goethe\'s legend was too hackneyed a subject to afford scope for a new version; but Messrs. Sims and Pettitt have contrived to introduce into it fresh elements of fun, without so far departing from the original story as to make it unrecognisable. We have Old Faust longing for love and youth, and the appearance of Mephistopheles, who summons a vision of Marguerite, engaged as a fascinating barmaid at the Italian Exhibition at Nuremberg. Old Faust signs the necessary bond and is transformed into a gay and handsome gallant, who is accepted by Marguerite. Her brother, Valentine, to favour the addresses of Siebel, makes his sister a ward in Chancery, and the married pair dread the punishment of the Lord Chancellor, from which punishment they eventually escape at the Olympic Gardens, Nuremberg, by ascending in a balloon. Mephistopheles is outwitted by the reappearance of Old Faust, with the grievance that the gentleman in red has not fulfilled his portion of the contract, but allowed another to enjoy himself in his place. Valentine, though he has been carried off as killed, comes to life again, his valuable existence having been saved by Faust\'s sword being turned aside by Valentine\'s Waterbury watch, the touching gift of his sister!
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# Faust up to Date
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
The critic of *The Theatre* wrote, \"The music, written by Herr Lutz, is appropriate and tuneful, and the book very amusing. The authors have been guilty of some atrocious puns. ... The topical allusions are quite up to date and the lyrics smooth. An excellent Mephistopheles is found in Mr. E. J. Lonnen, who plays with immense spirit, and gains a nightly encore for his songs, \"I shall have \'em by-and-by\", and \"Enniscorthy\" (written for him by R. Martin). Miss Florence St. John is an ideal burlesque actress, so skilfully does she blend the innocence of the real Marguerite with the faster proclivities of her modern prototype. On the opening night it was noticed with regret that full advantage had not been taken of the exquisite voice Miss St. John possesses; but since then, in addition to the numbers, \"A simple little maid\", and \"Fond heart, oh, tell me why,\" two other ballads have been added, and it need hardly be said that all are charmingly sung. \... As usual, Mr. George Edwardes has spared no expense in the production, to which Mr. Charles Harris has contributed his accustomed skill, and *Faust up to Date* will certainly fill the Gaiety for many a night to come.\" *The Morning Post* called the piece a great success, and particularly singled out \"a sort of grotesque petticoat quadrille, danced by four *danseuses*, and encored uproariously.
Referring to the absence of Nellie Farren, the theatre\'s usual \"principal boy\", and Fred Leslie, its usual star comedian, who were in America, *The Era* commented, \"There is no disguising the fact that the absence of the principal members of the Gaiety troupe is appreciably felt\"; the paper expressed reservations about the piece and some of the cast, but acknowledged that the Gaiety audience had shown great enthusiasm for the piece and the players. *The New York Times*, reviewing the New York production, the next year, had much the same reaction, disliking the \"silly\" piece even more and praising only the dance for the four women and the singing of Marguerite, who was St. John\'s understudy. In particular, it found Lonnen to be a poor substitute for Leslie in every respect
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# Thomas Cresap
**Colonel Thomas Cresap** (c. 1702 `{{ndash}}`{=mediawiki} c. 1790) was an English-born settler and trader in the states of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Cresap served Lord Baltimore as an agent in the Maryland--Pennsylvania boundary dispute that became known as Cresap\'s War. Later, together with the Native American chief Nemacolin, Cresap improved a Native American path to the Ohio Valley, and ultimately settled and became a large landowner near Cumberland, Maryland, where he was involved in further disputes near Brownsville, Pennsylvania, including in the French and Indian War and Lord Dunmore\'s War.
## Early life {#early_life}
Cresap was born in Skipton, Yorkshire, England, and emigrated across the Atlantic Ocean to the Maryland colony when he was 15 years old. In 1723, he gave his occupation as that of a carpenter. He initially settled at the mouth of the Susquehanna River on the Chesapeake, on the lower end of a floodplain called the Conejohela Valley, and built boats. In 1725, Cresap married Hannah Johnson, whose father, Thomas Johnson, on 24 March 1725 had surveyed to himself Mount Johnson Island, at Peach Bottom Ferry.
## Agent for Lord Baltimore in the Susquehanna Valley {#agent_for_lord_baltimore_in_the_susquehanna_valley}
Cresap also traveled at least once to Virginia, for Virginia-based trader Claiborne also traded for furs in the lower Susquehanna area of Chesapeake Bay. Cresap fled from Virginia either because of the Native American raids against white settlers in 1722, or because a dozen or more fellow settlers drove him as he cleared timber to make a dwelling and secure his land claim. As Cresap defended himself, he cleft one of his assailants with a broad-ax.
Upon returning to Maryland, Cresap secured a patent to operate a ferry over the Susquehanna at the head of tide-water from Lord Baltimore. Although Captain John Smith had traveled up the Chesapeake, possibly this far, in 1608, Virginians had ceded this area to Maryland, but Pennsylvania also claimed the area as covered by land grants to William Penn. Cresap had little formal education, but became a land surveyor, and was of great service to Lord Baltimore in extending the western boundary of Maryland from the source of the south branch of the Potomac due north, thus adding at least one third more territory to Maryland.
Cresap came to Conejohela Valley in March 1730, and built a block-house on the banks of the river three and one half miles below today\'s Wrightsville, near the site of Leber\'s Mill. That same year, he took out a Maryland patent for several 100 acre near the river for \"Blue Rock Ferry\" at same place. In 1731, Cresap was commissioned a justice of the peace for Baltimore County. While Cresap lived in the lower Susquehanna area, he visited the rich valleys 30 mi farther up the right bank of the river, now in Hellam and Lower Windsor Townships. He reported the conditions to Lord Baltimore, who as early as 1721 had contemplated extending the northern boundary of Maryland on the west side of the Susquehanna to the northern limits of the fortieth degree of latitude. (See Maryland--Pennsylvania boundary dispute)
Gradually a few settlers from Maryland moved to the Conojohela Valley. They were aggressive to the Pennsylvanians who settled near them. It was not Lord Baltimore\'s practice to purchase lands from the Indians; instead the Marylanders drove them away by force. The settlers treated the Indians on the west side of the river with cruelty. However, they had no one capable of holding the ground they had taken either from the Indians nor from the Pennsylvanians, who were determined to prevent Baltimore from gaining a foothold on this disputed area.
Cresap became a notorious figure in the Conejohela Flats area`{{mdash}}`{=mediawiki}the lower Susquehanna Valley in the area south of Wright\'s Ferry`{{mdash}}`{=mediawiki}where his actions (and those of his men) as an agent on behalf of Lord Baltimore made him a wanted criminal in Pennsylvania. Cresap and his men several times used force to evict men who had considered themselves legal under Pennsylvania\'s Colonial Charter, but whom Cresap and Lord Baltimore considered squatters interfering with Maryland\'s charter. Because of the bloodshed during Cresap\'s War, King George II issued an edict forcing a settlement of the Maryland-Pennsylvania boundary dispute against the claims by Lord Baltimore. Cresap was held a villain in Pennsylvania, and something of a hero in Maryland, which has municipalities named after him. In 1735, he took out a Maryland patent for a group of islands at Blue Rock Ferry, called the \"Isles of Promise.\" After many attempts to capture Cresap, Pennsylvania Sheriff Samuel Smith and 24 armed men finally captured him on 25 November 1736, as his wife stood by him and fought at his side.
By this time the Cresaps had at least two and perhaps three children, the eldest being about 9 years of age. While Pennsylvanians imprisoned Cresap, his wife and children lived with his cousin Daniel Lowe, who drove one of the German settlers from his home in Grist Valley (Kreutz Creek), near Codorus.
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# Thomas Cresap
## Potomac Valley trader, explorer and agent for the Ohio Company {#potomac_valley_trader_explorer_and_agent_for_the_ohio_company}
Upon his release circa 1738, Cresap again moved beyond the frontier, this time along the Potomac River watershed. He patented about 2000 acre of land in Maryland along Antietam Creek, where Cresap established a store and Indian trading post. He accumulated a large quantity of furs and pelts and shipped them to England. However, French privateers captured the vessel and Cresap lost everything. In 1739, he was granted 400 acre which he named Long Meadows. Cresap is said to have erected a stone and log fort over a spring near the Marsh Run.
Cresap then moved farther west to within two miles (3 km) of present-day Cumberland, Maryland, where he again embarked in the Indian trade. This area, the Cumberland Narrows mountain pass led into the Monongahela River valley. During the 1740s, colonials were petitioning the crown to obtain lands of the so-called Ohio Country across the Allegheny Mountains from the Indians. The Cumberland narrows is one of only five navigable routes over the Appalachian Mountains barrier range. Cresap founded what is now Oldtown, Maryland by building a trading post at the foot of the Amerindian trail over Wills Mountain (renamed Haystack now near Cresaptown). The colonials wanted the crown to open these possessions for settlement, and give them out under charter in the same old way, through the crown\'s minister. Cresap also sent traders over the pass and explored personally in Amerindian lands along the Monongahela upriver of Redstone Old Forts. Although Maryland\'s land grant ended at the crest of the Appalachian mountains, both Pennsylvania and Virginia claimed their land grants continued westward, so the land claimed by Cresap and his traders west of the Appalachians ultimately became part of upper West Virginia and western Pennsylvania.
Circa 1744, some Amerindians claimed to sell their rights east of the Appalachians to Virginia land speculators, including a stock company, the Ohio Company which received a charter to 2 e6acre in Western Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia around 1748. Cresap received or earned a large land grant from the Ohio Country in what much later became West Virginia. In 1748--1750, an expedition led by Cresap and the Delaware Amerindian Chief Nemacolin began widening the Nemacolin Trail into freight wagon road from Cumberland to Redstone Old Fort. A decade later, George Washington and his troops would further improve the same road prior to Braddock\'s Military Expedition during the French and Indian War. Redstone, on the Monongahela River became Brownsville, Pennsylvania which dwarfed Pittsburgh in growth and vibrant industrial activities until circa 1840-50s, as a center for construction and outfitting various river craft (keel boats, flat boats, steamboats) settlers used to settle not only the entire Mississippi drainage basin, but the far west and Oregon Country beyond the source waters of the Missouri River.
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# Thomas Cresap
## French and Indian War {#french_and_indian_war}
Cresap fought a number of skirmishes with the Indians and stood his ground, assisted by his wife and later his sons. When Cresap\'s stronghold was surrounded by militia from Donegal Hannah knew how to handle a musket. She also superintended the construction of a house and the building of some flatboats, in the absence of her husband, at John Hendricks\', now the upper end of Wrightsville, where forcible possession had been taken of Hendricks\' plantation by Cresap. While there she saw a flatboat filled with armed men crossing the river. She mounted her horse, sounded a bugle, and rode rapidly to Cresap\'s fort, three miles (5 km) and a half down the river. She returned at the head of the militia. Cresap was elected a representative from Frederick County, Maryland to the Maryland legislature. When the French and their allies attempted to seize the territory west of the Allegheny Mountains from the English, Cresap and his sons at their own expense raised two companies of volunteer soldiers. During the French and Indian War, Cresap raised a company of Rangers.
## Later years {#later_years}
Cresap was a large landholder. He became totally blind a few years before his death. He married a second time, to Margaret Milburn, when he was 80 years of age. He died c. 1790 at his home in Allegany County, Maryland, aged 88.
## Descendants
Thomas and Hannah (Johnson) Cresap had five children: three sons and two daughters.
The oldest son, Daniel Cresap, remained in Washington County, Maryland, and became a large landholder and a celebrated hunter as well as a farmer. He was about fourteen when the family left York County. As an adult, he was colonel of militia . By his first wife he had a son, Michael. By a second wife he had seven sons and three daughters: Daniel, Joseph, Van, Robert, James, Thomas, Elizabeth, Mary and Sarah. Daniel marched in his uncle Michael\'s company to Boston in 1775. James was for a number of years in the Maryland legislature.
Thomas, the second son of Col. Cresap, was killed by a Native -- whom he killed at the same instant. He left a widow and one child.
Michael, was born in Frederick County, Maryland, 29 June 1742. He succeeded his father in the Indian trade. Michael Cresap operated a large trading store at \"Old Town,\" a few miles east of Cumberland. He was an Indian fighter from his youth. In 1774 he employed several men and descended the Ohio River and was engaged in the business of erecting houses and clearing lands for the settlers. While thus engaged he received a letter from Dr. Connolly, the commandant at Fort Pitt, that there was danger of an Indian war. The settlers were alarmed. Michael and his party, anticipating an attack by the Indians, struck them first. Some of his men killed several Indians near Wheeling. Another group of frontiersmen, led by Daniel Greathouse, shortly afterwards killed the family of the celebrated Indian Logan and several others. Cresap was mistakenly accused of leading this action as well. Logan reacted swiftly, striking settlers on the frontier. This was followed by \"Lord Dunmore\'s War\" and the Battle of Point Pleasant along the Ohio River, which brought about a treaty of peace.
Michael Cresap was held in esteem by his neighbors. He was the first person in Maryland to raise a company of volunteer riflemen. He marched at their head to Boston in 1775, where he fought with great bravery. He took sick (tuberculosis is suspected) and was compelled to return to New York, where he died. He lies in Trinity Church Cemetery. Michael Cresap left five children, two sons and three daughters
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# Rheinhessen (wine region)
**Rheinhessen** (in English often **Rhine-Hesse** or **Rhenish Hesse**) is the largest of 13 German wine regions (*Weinanbaugebiete*) for quality wines (*QbA* and *Prädikatswein*) with 26758 ha under cultivation in 2018. Named for the traditional region of Rhenish Hesse, it lies on the left bank of the Rhine between Worms and Bingen in the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Despite its historic name it is currently no longer part of the federal-state of Hesse, this being the case since the end of World War II. There have been several unsuccessful attempts to legally reunite the former wine growing districts of Mainz on the Hessian side during the post-war area. Rheinhessen produces mostly white wine from a variety of grapes, particularly Riesling, Müller-Thurgau and Silvaner, and is best known as the home of Liebfraumilch, although some previously underrated Rieslings are also made, increasingly in a powerful dry style.
The wine region is a member of the Great Wine Capitals Global Network.
## Geography
The Rhine forms the eastern and northern boundary of the region, with the river Nahe to the west and the Haardt Mountains to the south. The Palatinate wine region lies to the south, the Rheingau lies across the Rhine to the north, and the Nahe wine region to the west. Known as the \"land of the thousand hills\", the terrain is undulating with vineyards mixed with orchards and other forms of farming. Its larger towns include: Mainz, Worms, Bingen, Alzey, Nieder-Olm and Ingelheim.
In general the wines are best nearest the Rhine, where the soils impart more complex flavours. The best known area for white wines is the so-called Rhine Terrace (*Rheinterasse*; sometimes Rhine Front, *Rheinfront*) between Oppenheim and Nackenheim, which by itself is bigger than the whole of the Rheingau. A part of the Rhine Terrace, between Nackenheim and Nierstein is known as the Red Slope (*Roter Hang*) because of the presence of red slate. The main red grape area is around Ingelheim, in the north of the region opposite the Rheingau.
## History
Grapes have been grown in the region since Roman times, and viticulture was promoted by Charlemagne. The oldest written evidence of viticulture and individual vineyards date back to the 8th Century. The denomination Glöck is documented by a deed of donation from the year 742, it is the oldest appellation in Germany. Mainz is documented to be a wine-growing region since bishop Boniface acquired a vineyard bordering the city wall and further vine plantations in Bretzenheim (Mainz) for the Abbey of Fulda in 752
When the owners of Stadecken-Elsheim the Counts of Katzenelnbogen first cultivated Riesling in 1435 they called the wine from this part of their county the **Wine from the Gau**. At the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15, Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse, was awarded with Rhenish Hesse as compensation for the loss of his Westphalian territories. As a result, he amended his title to \"Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine\" and the name of the region was created.
Liebfrauenmilch is named after the *Liebfrauenkirche* (Church of Our Lady) in Worms, which also was the name of a good and famous vineyard. Later, Liebfrauenmilch was used as a name for a semi-sweet wine style produced in several German regions, and became responsible for much of the erosion of the German wines\' reputation on the export market. The most famous Liebfraumilch brand, until they changed their classification, was Blue Nun which was created in 1921.
## Grape varieties {#grape_varieties}
On the 26,758 hectares of Rheinhessen\'s vineyards as of 2018, white grape varieties account for 71%. After a period of increasing plantations of red grape varieties the balance between red and white varieties has been more stable in the last few years. Müller-Thurgau (usually labelled Rivaner when vinified dry), the prime ingredient in Liebfraumilch, is no longer the most grown with 15.6% of the area, has decreased significantly. Riesling, currently at 17.7%, has been increasing in the last few years. Among the red varieties, Dornfelder is the most planted at 12.6%, and it was Rheinhessen\'s second-most planted variety for a few years before being overtaken by Riesling in 2008. Silvaner at 8.1% is also widely planted, although it also has decreased significantly. Although in decline, Scheurebe at 2.8% has a special connection to the region since Georg Scheu bred it at the Alzey Research Institute in the region.
Leading grape varieties in Rheinhessen (2023)
-----------------------------------------------
Variety
1\. Riesling
2\. Müller-Thurgau
3\. Dornfelder
4\. Pinot gris
5\. Silvaner
6\. Pinot Blanc
7\. Spätburgunder
8\. Chardonnay
9\. Blauer Portugieser
10\. Scheurebe
Source: Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz
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# Rheinhessen (wine region)
## Styles
Since more young winemakers received their oenological education at the renowned University of Applied Sciences in Geisenheim or Weincampus Neustadt, the quality increases year by year. Nearly all styles of wine may be found, old fashioned as well as new techniques. Due to the competitive qualities at the yearly Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter (VDP) wine market held in Mainz, not all requests for the 2006 harvest could be granted.
## Districts
Rheinhessen is divided into the following three districts (*Bereiche*):
### Bingen
In the northwest, towards the river Nahe; Scharlachberg is an important vineyard. In the town, one of the most renowned Liebfraumilch, Black Tower, is created by the Reh-Kendermann winery.
### Nierstein
Source of most of the interesting wines of the region, and home to a third of the Riesling. The *Roter Hang* (red slope) in the north of this area lies on a sandstone that is reputed to give the best wines, to the south the soils become deeper. \[see Hipping\]
### Wonnegau
This district is situated around Worms
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# RTÉ Sports Person of the Year
The **RTÉ Sports Person of the Year Award** is the titular award of the RTÉ Sports Awards ceremony, which takes place each December. The winner is the Irish sportsperson (from the island of Ireland) judged to have achieved the most that year. The winner was originally chosen by a special panel of RTÉ journalists and editorial staff, but was selected by a public vote from a predetermined shortlist in 2016.
## History
The first Irish sports award ceremony took place in 1985, and was closely modelled on the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award.
Four people have won the award multiple times: athlete Sonia O\'Sullivan won the award five times, including a record three successive awards, and golfer Pádraig Harrington and boxer Katie Taylor, with three wins, and golfer Rory McIlroy, who won it twice. The oldest recipient of the award is Christy O\'Connor Jnr, who won in 1989 aged 41. Rory McIlroy, who first won in 2011, aged 22, is the youngest winner. Ten sporting disciplines have been represented; golf has the highest representation, with eight recipients.
Eamonn Darcy, Ronan Rafferty and Des Smyth, who won the Alfred Dunhill Cup in 1988, are the only non-individual winners of the award. Counting them separately, there have been thirty-four winners of the award (from 1985 to 2024). Seven of these have been Northern Irish. The most recent award was made in 2024 to double Olympic champion rower Paul O\'Donovan.
## Winners
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| Year | Winner | Sport | Sporting synopsis | Ref. |
+======+============================================+====================+====================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+======+
| 1985 | | Boxing | Defeated Eusebio Pedroza to become World Boxing Association featherweight champion. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1986 | | Cycling | He finished on a podium in a grand tour for the first time when he finished third in the 1986 Vuelta a España. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1987 | | Cycling | Winner of the 1987 Tour de France, 1987 Giro d\'Italia and 1987 World Cycling Championships, becoming only the second man after Eddy Merckx to win cycling\'s Triple Crown. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1988 | \ | Golf | For winning the 1988 Dunhill Cup. | |
| | `{{sortname|Ronan|Rafferty}}`{=mediawiki}\ | | | |
| | `{{sortname|Des|Smyth}}`{=mediawiki} | | | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1989 | | Golf | For a \"pivotal\" 2 iron shot on the last hole at the Belfry which he left just 4 feet from the hole during the successful 1989 Ryder Cup. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1990 | | Soccer | For his penalty save from Daniel Timofte of Romania which propelled the Republic of Ireland to the quarter-final of the 1990 FIFA World Cup. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1991 | | Rugby union | Overall top scorer with 68 points at the 1991 Rugby World Cup. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1992 | | Boxing | Gold medallist in the welterweight section at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1993 | | Athletics | Silver medallist in the 1500m at the World Championships. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1994 | | Athletics | Gold medallist in the 3000m at the European Championships. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1995 | | Athletics | Gold medallist in the 5000m at the World Championships. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1996 | | Swimming | Triple Olympic gold medallist for the 400m individual medley, 400m freestyle and 200m individual medley, and bronze medallist for the 200m butterfly event. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1997 | | Snooker | Winner of the 1997 World Snooker Championship. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1998 | | Athletics | Double gold medallist at the World Cross-Country Championships and double gold medallist at the European Championships. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 1999 | | Soccer | Captain of the Manchester United team that completed a treble of English Premier League, FA Cup, and Champions League successes. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2000 | | Athletics | Olympic silver medallist in the women\'s 5000m at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. This was her record fifth win in the RTÉ Sports Person of the Year. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2001 | | Soccer | Secured qualification for the 2002 FIFA World Cup for the Republic of Ireland national soccer team. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2002 | | Golf | Member of the European team that won the 2002 Ryder Cup. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2003 | | Horse racing | Winning jockey of the Aintree Grand National on Monty\'s Pass. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2004 | | Rugby union | Out-half of the Ireland team that won the Triple Crown in the 2004 Six Nations Championship. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2005 | | Hurling | All-Ireland- winning captain with Cork and winner of a third All-Ireland medal. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2006 | | Hurling | Won his fourth All-Ireland medal with Kilkenny as well as being named Hurler of the Year for a second time. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2007 | | Golf | Became the first Irishman in over sixty years to win the Open Championship. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2008 | | Golf | Retained his Open Championship, thus becoming the first European to win back to back major championships. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2009 | | Rugby union | Grand Slam-winning captain and member of the Leinster team that won the 2008--09 Heineken Cup | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2010 | | Golf | Winner of the 2010 US Open and member of the European team that won the 2010 Ryder Cup. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2011 | | Golf | Winner of the 2011 US Open. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2012 | | Boxing | Olympic gold medallist in the women\'s lightweight section at the 2012 London Olympic Games. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2013 | | Horse racing | 18-times champion jockey who created history in November when he rode his 4,000th winner over jumps. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2014 | | Golf | Won the 2014 Open Championship and 2014 PGA Championship, became the first European to win three different majors, and was a member of the European team that won the 2014 Ryder Cup. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2015 | | Boxing | Won the gold medal in the bantamweight division at the 2015 AIBA World Boxing Championships. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2016 | | Mixed martial arts | Became the first fighter in UFC history to hold titles in two divisions simultaneously. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2017 | | Soccer | Scored one of Ireland\'s most famous goals when he netted to secure a 1-0 win away to Wales, which secured a 2018 FIFA World Cup playoff spot. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2018 | | Rugby union | Won a Six Nations Grand Slam with Ireland, a Pro14-Champions Cup double with Leinster and was named World Rugby Player of the Year. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2019 | | Golf | Winner of the 148th Open Championship at Royal Portrush Golf Club. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2020 | | Boxing | Successfully defended her undisputed lightweight belts after defeating Delfine Persoon and Miriam Gutiérrez. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2021 | | Horse racing | The first woman to win the Grand National and the first to claim the leading rider title at the Cheltenham Festival. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2022 | | Boxing | Successfully defended her undisputed lightweight belts after defeating Amanda Serrano in a historic fight at Madison Square Garden, and also beating Karen Carabajal. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2023 | | Gymnastics | McClenaghan won a second European title and retained the world title in the 2023 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships. Entered Olympic year as reigning World, European and Commonwealth Games champion in the pommel horse. | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 2024 | | Rowing | O\'Donovan won a second Olympic gold medal and third Olympic Medal in a row alongside Fintan McCarthy and won a World title in the lightweight Single Sculls | |
+------+--------------------------------------------+--------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
: RTÉ Sports Person of the Year Award winners
### Gallery
<File:Sean> Kelly, Tour de France 2009.jpg\|Seán Kelly won in 1986. <File:Roche> - Tour de France 1993 (cropped).jpg\|Stephen Roche won in 1987. <File:Christy> O\'Connor.JPG\|Christy O\'Connor Jnr won in 1989. <File:Sonia> osullivan 2000-2.jpg\|Sonia O\'Sullivan won in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998 and 2000. <File:Ken> Doherty PHC 2012-3.jpg\|Ken Doherty won in 1997. <File:Roy> keane 2014.jpg\|Roy Keane won in 1999. <File:Mick> McCarthy Wolverhampton Wanderers Manager.jpg\|Mick McCarthy won in 2001. <File:Ronan> O\'Gara 2007 (cropped).jpg\|Ronan O\'Gara won in 2004. <File:Henry> Shefflin.jpg\|Henry Shefflin won in 2006. <File:Brian> O\'Driscoll_2.jpg\|Brian O\'Driscoll won in 2009. <File:Graeme> McDowell.jpg\|Graeme McDowell won in 2010. <File:Rory> McIlroy (9094912745).jpg\|Rory McIlroy won in 2011 and 2014. <File:Katie> Taylor 2012 (cropped).jpg\|Katie Taylor won in 2012, 2020 and 2022. <File:Tony> McCoy.JPG\|A. P. \"Tony\" McCoy won in 2013. <File:Michael> Conlan Web Summit.jpg\|Michael Conlan won in 2015. <File:Conor> McGregor.jpg\|Conor McGregor won in 2016. <File:FIFA> WC-qualification 2014 - Austria vs Ireland 2013-09-10 - James McClean 01.jpg\|James McClean won in 2017. <File:Jonathan> Sexton - 2013-09-04.jpg\|Johnny Sexton won in 2018. <File:Shane> Lowry KLM Open 2010.JPG\|Shane Lowry won in 2019. <File:Rhys> McClenaghan (IRL) 2022.jpg\|Rhys McClenaghan won in 2023.
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# RTÉ Sports Person of the Year
## Winners
### By number of wins {#by_number_of_wins}
This table lists those who have won more than once (ordered by the most wins, with the earliest win acting as a tie-breaker).
*Accurate up-to and including the 2022 award.*
Winner Number of wins
-------------------- ----------------
Sonia O\'Sullivan 5
Pádraig Harrington 3
Katie Taylor 3
Rory McIlroy 2
: Multiple winners
### By sport {#by_sport}
This table lists the total number of awards won by the winner\'s sport (ordered by number of wins, with the earliest win acting as a tie-breaker). The 3 winners in 1988 (all golfers) are counted separately.
*Accurate up-to and including the 2024 award.*
Sport Number of wins
-------------------- ----------------
Golf
Boxing
Athletics
Soccer
Rugby union
Horse racing
Cycling
Hurling
Swimming
Snooker
Mixed martial arts
Gymnastics
Rowing
Total
: Winners by sport
### By gender {#by_gender}
This table lists the total number of awards won by the winner\'s gender. There have not yet been any mixed-gender winners (unlike figure-skating couple Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean in the British equivalent). The 3 (male) winners in 1988 are counted separately.
*Accurate up-to and including the 2023 award.*
Gender Number of wins
-------- ----------------
Male
Female
Mixed
Total
: Winners by gender
### By disability {#by_disability}
So far (as of the 2022 awards) all winners have been able-bodied athletes, but para athletes among the nominees have included Jason Smyth (para athletics) in 2012 to 2014, 2017 to 2019, and 2021, and Katie George Dunlevy and Eve McCrystal (para cycling) in 2016 and 2017.
| 259 |
RTÉ Sports Person of the Year
| 1 |
11,086,610 |
# RTÉ Sports Person of the Year
## 2010s winners and nominees {#s_winners_and_nominees}
The winner is in **bold**.
### 2010
- Katie Taylor (boxing)
- **Graeme McDowell** (golf)
- Gráinne Murphy (swimming)
- Tony McCoy (horse racing)
- Lar Corbett (hurling)
- Paddy Barnes (boxing)
- Tommy Bowe (rugby union)
- Derval O\'Rourke (athletics)
- Rory McIlroy (golf)
### 2011 {#section_1}
- Darren Clarke (golf)
- Michael Fennelly (hurling)
- Seán O\'Brien (rugby union)
- Katie Taylor (boxing)
- **Rory McIlroy** (golf)
- John Joe Nevin (boxing)
- Kevin O\'Brien (cricket)
- Alan Brogan (Gaelic football)
- Robbie Keane (soccer)
### 2012 {#section_2}
- Fionnuala Britton (athletics)
- Rob Kearney (rugby union)
- Karl Lacey (Gaelic football)
- Rory McIlroy (golf)
- Michael McKillop (athletics)
- Joseph O\'Brien (horse racing)
- Mark Rohan (cycling)
- Henry Shefflin (hurling)
- Jason Smyth (para athletics)
- **Katie Taylor** (boxing)
### 2013 {#section_3}
- Robert Heffernan (athletics)
- Martyn Irvine (cycling)
- Tony Kelly (hurling)
- Michael Darragh MacAuley (Gaelic football)
- **Tony McCoy** (horse racing)
- Michael McKillop (athletics)
- Annalise Murphy (sailing)
- Joseph O\'Brien (horse racing)
- Jason Quigley (boxing)
- Johnny Sexton (rugby union)
- Jason Smyth (para athletics)
### 2014 {#section_4}
- Niamh Briggs (rugby union)
- Seamus Coleman (soccer)
- Briege Corkery (camogie and ladies\' Gaelic football)
- Mark English (athletics)
- Carl Frampton (boxing)
- **Rory McIlroy** (golf)
- Michael McKillop (athletics)
- James O\'Donoghue (Gaelic football)
- Johnny Sexton (rugby union)
- Jason Smyth (para athletics)
- Richie Hogan (hurling)
- Katie Taylor (boxing)
### 2015 {#section_5}
- **Michael Conlan** (boxing)
- Leighton Aspell (horse racing)
- Rena Buckley (camogie)
- Andy Lee (boxing)
- Shane Lowry (golf)
- Jack McCaffrey (Gaelic football)
- Rory McIlroy (golf)
- Michael McKillop (athletics)
- Paul O\'Connell (rugby union)
- TJ Reid (hurling)
- Sophie Spence (rugby union)
- Richie Towell (soccer)
- Jon Walters (soccer)
- Conor McGregor (MMA)
### 2016 {#section_6}
- Séamus Callanan (hurling)
- Eoghan Clifford (cycling)
- Katie-George Dunlevy & Eve McCrystal (para cycling)
- Denise Gaule (camogie)
- Brian Fenton (Gaelic football)
- Carl Frampton (boxing)
- Daryl Horgan (soccer)
- Annalise Murphy (sailing)
- **Conor McGregor** (MMA)
- Paul O\'Donovan (rowing)
- Jamie Heaslip (rugby union)
- Bríd Stack (ladies\' Gaelic football)
### 2017 {#section_7}
- Rena Buckley (Camogie)
- Ryan Burnett (Boxing)
- Joe Canning (Hurling)
- Katie George Dunlevy and Eve McCrystal (para cycling)
- Noëlle Healy (Ladies\' Gaelic Football)
- **James McClean** (Soccer)
- Michael McKillop (Athletics)
- Andy Moran (Gaelic Football)
- Conor Murray (Rugby)
- Paul O\'Donovan (Rowing)
- Robbie Power (Horse racing)
- Jason Smyth (Para athletics)
- Katie Taylor (Boxing)
- Joe Ward (Boxing)
### 2018 {#section_8}
- Sinéad Aherne (Ladies\' Gaelic Football)
- Thomas Barr (Athletics)
- Brian Fenton (Gaelic Football)
- Kellie Harrington (Boxing)
- Ellen Keane (Swimming)
- Cian Lynch (Hurling)
- Rhys McClenaghan (Gymnastics)
- Ayeisha McFerran (Hockey)
- Sanita Pušpure (Rowing)
- Davy Russell (Horse racing)
- **Johnny Sexton** (Rugby)
- Jason Smyth (Para athletics)
- Katie Taylor (Boxing)
### 2019 {#section_9}
- Séamus Callanan (Hurling)
- Stephen Cluxton (Gaelic Football)
- Niamh Kilkenny (Camogie)
- **Shane Lowry** (Golf)
- Ciara Mageean (Athletics)
- Rhys McClenaghan (Gymnastics)
- Denise O\'Sullivan (Soccer)
- Sanita Pušpure (Rowing)
- Jason Smyth (Para athletics)
- Katie Taylor (Boxing)
| 555 |
RTÉ Sports Person of the Year
| 2 |
11,086,610 |
# RTÉ Sports Person of the Year
## 2020s winners and nominees {#s_winners_and_nominees_1}
The winner is in **bold**
| 18 |
RTÉ Sports Person of the Year
| 3 |
11,086,631 |
# Faust and Marguerite (opera)
***Faust and Marguerite*** is a romantic opera in three acts, dating from 1855, based on the Faust legend. The score was composed by Meyer Lutz. The libretto was written by Henri Drayton based on the Johann Wolfgang von Goethe play *Faust*. The 1900 film *Faust and Marguerite* is an adaptation of the play. It was directed by Edwin S. Porter, three years before he directed *The Great Train Robbery*
| 74 |
Faust and Marguerite (opera)
| 0 |
11,086,639 |
# Henry Reynolds (archaeologist)
**Henry Reynolds** was an important Archaeologist in Georgia.
In 1888, Henry L. Reynolds joined the Mound Exploration Division of the Bureau of American Ethnology. The purpose of this division, directed by Cyrus Thomas, was to conduct an extensive survey of Indian mounds in the eastern United States. While the Mound Exploration Division investigated mound sites in many eastern states, Reynolds performed most of his research in South Carolina and Georgia. In fact, Reynolds' excavations at the Hollywood Mounds site, located on a bend of the Savannah River about ten miles south of Augusta, Georgia are thought to be the most proficient excavation undertaken in Georgia during the Bureau's involvement. The Hollywood Mounds site consists of two medium-sized platform mounds. Reynolds fully excavated the smaller of the two mounds and discovered many elaborate artifacts belonging to the Southern Cult, as well as several burials. In his investigations of the Hollywood Mounds site, Reynolds considered the site inside of an ecological setting; he was one of the first archaeologists in the world to think of any site in an ecological context. Many consider Reynolds to be the first "modern" archaeologist in Georgia.
After the Mound Exploration project came to a close, Reynolds was the only assistant retained by the Bureau. In 1894, while completing the project's report, Cyrus Thomas sent Reynolds back to Georgia and South Carolina to retrieve some final information. After finishing at the Hollywood site, Reynolds proceeded to South Carolina, where he took ill and died suddenly in the field
| 255 |
Henry Reynolds (archaeologist)
| 0 |
11,086,657 |
# Ealdgyth (wife of Edmund Ironside)
**Ealdgyth** (circa 992 -- after 1016), modern English **Edith** may have been the name of the wife of Sigeferth son of Earngrim, thegn of the Seven Burghs, and later of King Edmund Ironside. She was probably the mother of Edmund\'s sons Edward the Exile and Edmund Ætheling.
The *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle* records that Sigeferth and his brother Morcar, described as \"foremost thegns of the Seven Burghs\" were killed at an assembly of the English nobility at Oxford. Ealdorman Eadric Streona is said to have killed them \"dishonourably\" after having invited them to his rooms. The Seven Burghs, otherwise unknown, are presumed to have been the Five Burghs and Torksey and York. Following the killings, King Æthelred the Unready had the property of Sigeferth and Morcar seized and ordered that Sigeferth\'s widow, whose name the *Chronicle* does not record, should be detained at Malmesbury Abbey. The chronicle of John of Worcester calls her Ealdgyth.
In the late summer of 1015, at some time between 15 August and 8 September, Edmund Ironside raised a revolt against his father King Æthelred. Either then, or perhaps even earlier, he removed Sigeferth\'s widow from Malmesbury, against his father\'s wishes, and married her. Sigeferth and Morcar\'s friends and allies supported Edmund after this. While two charters issued by Edmund which mention his wife survive from about this time, neither of them contain her name in the surviving texts.
It is generally, but not universally, supposed that Ealdgyth, if that was her name, was the mother of Edmund Ironside\'s sons. These were Edmund, who died young in exile, and Edward the Exile, who returned to England late in the reign of his uncle King Edward the Confessor and died soon afterwards. Whether she went into exile with her children following Edmund\'s death in 1016 is unknown.
One reason advanced for supposing that John of Worcester may have been mistaken in naming this woman Ealdgyth is that Sigeferth\'s brother Morcar had also been married to a woman named Ealdgyth. This Ealdgyth was the daughter of Ælfthryth, and niece of Ælfhelm, Ealdorman of York and Wulfric Spot. While Ealdgyth is a common female name in the period, this coincidence has raised the suspicion that the Worcester chronicler has confused Sigeferth\'s widow with his sister-in-law
| 380 |
Ealdgyth (wife of Edmund Ironside)
| 0 |
11,086,667 |
# Hernando Osorio
**Jaime Hernando Osorio** (born 27 September 1953 in Ibagué) is a Colombian painter and print-maker. Educated at the National University of Colombia, he was a member of the Awuyaka street art group. During his New York City period (1981-1985) he focused on etching and lithography. Since 1985 he has been living and working in Vienna, Austria. His preferred techniques are mixed-technique painting on canvas, woodcuts, and linocuts but he has also made paper, produced hand-bound books, and recently created a series of ceramic plate images. His work reflects his concern for wildlife, the role of the human being in nature, and traditions of folk art across the world.
He is a member of Galerie Sur and Q202.
His work is represented in the following collections:
- Victoria and Albert Museum, London
- Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
- The Library of Congress Print Collection, Washington D.C.
- Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna, Austria
- The New York Public Library, New York, N.Y.
- Museo de Arte, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
- Museo Rayo, Roldanillo, Colombia
- Círculo de Periodistas de Bogotá
- The Printmaking Workshop, New York, N.Y.
- Palais de la Culture, Asilah, Morocco
- Collection of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Culture, Vienna, Austria
- Collection of the cultural department of the City of Vienna, Austria
- Collection of Silver Bow Art, Butte, MT
and private collections in Argentina, Austria, Colombia, Spain, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, the UK, the United States, Venezuela
| 245 |
Hernando Osorio
| 0 |
11,086,678 |
# Ivy Olson
**Ivan Massie \"Ivy\" Olson** (October 14, 1885 -- September 1, 1965) was an American professional baseball shortstop. He played fourteen seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1911 to 1924 for the Cleveland Naps, Cincinnati Reds, and Brooklyn Robins.
His best season was in 1919 when he played in all 140 games and would lead the NL in at bats (590), plate appearances (635), hits (164), singles (140), and at bats per strikeout (49.2). In 1921, he would also lead the NL in at bats (652). He currently ranks 84th on the MLB all-time sacrifice hits list (198) and ranks 73rd on the all-time at bats per strikeout list (23). He also holds the Los Angeles Dodgers single season record for at bats per strikeout (55.1 in 1922) and is the Dodgers all-time at bats per strikeout leader (26.8).
In 14 seasons, he played in 1,574 games and had 6,111 at bats, 730 runs, 1,575 hits, 191 doubles, 69 triples, 13 home runs, 446 RBI, 156 stolen bases, 285 walks, .258 batting average, .295 on-base percentage, .318 slugging percentage, 1,943 total bases, and 198 sacrifice hits. After his playing career ended, he was a coach for the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants. He died in Inglewood, California at the age of 79
| 217 |
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| 0 |
11,086,729 |
# Ralph McLeod
**Ralph Alton McLeod** (October 19, 1916 -- April 27, 2007) was a left fielder in Major League Baseball who played briefly for the Boston Bees late in the 1938 season. Listed at `{{height|ft=6|in=0}}`{=mediawiki}, 170 lb., he batted and threw left-handed.
A native of Quincy, Massachusetts, McLeod was called up to the majors by the Boston Bees in September 1938. He collected his first hit, a single, off St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Paul Dean on September 21 --the same day the Hurricane of 1938 struck New England. During the off season he worked as a salesman at a department store, but his baseball career was cut short when he was drafted into the United States Army during World War II. In a six-game career, he was a .286 hitter (2-for-7), including one double and one run scored.
McLeod served as an infantryman for five years and fought in the Battle of the Bulge. After being discharged, he worked as a firefighter in his native Quincy for 32 years until his retirement in 1980. McLeod died in Weymouth, Massachusetts, at the age of 90
| 185 |
Ralph McLeod
| 0 |
11,086,736 |
# Gelanthi
**Gelanthi** (*Γελάνθη*) is a village in the municipality of Mouzaki, in the Karditsa regional unit, Greece. It is situated on the right bank of the river Pamisos, 3 km south of Gomfoi, 4 km east of Mouzaki and 20 km northwest of Karditsa.
## Population
## History
The village Gelanthi was first mentioned in 1810, when the English traveller William Martin Leake passed through it on his way from Fanari to Mouzaki. He found the village had thirty houses
| 81 |
Gelanthi
| 0 |
11,086,739 |
# Yeonsinnae station
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Yeonsinnae station
| 0 |
11,086,752 |
# Otis Wonsley
**Otis Wonsley** (born August 13, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a running back for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Alcorn State Braves and was selected in the ninth round of the 1980 NFL draft.
## Early life {#early_life}
Wonsley was born in Pascagoula, Mississippi, and played high school football at Moss Point High School in Moss Point, Mississippi.
## College career {#college_career}
Wonsley attended and played college football at Alcorn State University in Lorman, Mississippi. During his career at Alcorn State, he rushed for over 1,500 yards.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
Wonsley was drafted in the ninth round (229th overall) of the 1980 NFL draft by the New York Giants, but was cut by the Giants after training camp. He was then signed by the Washington Redskins in April 1981, where he spent his entire playing career and was used primarily as a backup to John Riggins. He was also a member of The Fun Bunch, which was a group of Redskins players known for their choreographed group celebrations in the end zone (usually a group high-five) following a touchdown. The Fun Bunch\'s actions eventually resulted in a league-wide ban of \"excessive celebration\" in 1984.
Wonsley was a member of the Redskins Super Bowl XVII-winning team and played a vital role in what would be the game-winning play. With 10 minutes remaining, the Redskins faced fourth and inches. They decided to go for it calling, \"70 chip,\" a run play designed for Riggins in short-yardage situations. Riggins took the handoff from Joe Theismann and followed Wonsley and tight end Clint Didier through the left side. Riggins then broke an attempted tackle by Dolphin cornerback Don McNeal and ran for a 43-yard touchdown. The Super Bowl win was the Redskins\' first championship victory since 1942. On December 6, 2007, Riggins\' run was voted by fans as the Redskins\' Greatest Moment.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Wonsley has two brothers, Nathan and George Wonsley, who were also running backs in the NFL. He is the stepfather of NBA player Roger Mason, Jr
| 357 |
Otis Wonsley
| 0 |
11,086,835 |
# The Very Best of Disney Channel
***The Best of Disney Channel*** is best-of compilation album released on March 26, 2007. featuring 16 tracks from Disney Channel films and television series. A DVD is also included with selected music videos of songs from the accompanying CD.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
### CD
1. \"Breaking Free\" - (*High School Musical*) - Troy & Gabriella
2. \"Best of Both Worlds\" - (*Hannah Montana*) - Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana
3. \"The Party\'s Just Begun\" - (*The Cheetah Girls 2*) - The Cheetah Girls
4. \"Push It to the Limit\" - (*Jump In!*) - Corbin Bleu
5. \"I Can\'t Wait\" - (*Lizzie McGuire*) - Hilary Duff
6. \"Supernatural\" - (*That\'s So Raven*) - Raven-Symoné
7. \"Get Your Shine On\" - (*Kim Possible: So the Drama*) - Jesse McCartney
8. \"Outside Looking In\" - (*Read it and Weep*) - Jordan Pruitt
9. \"My Hero Is You\" - (*Tiger Cruise*) - Hayden Panettiere
10. \"Over It\" - (*Stuck in the Suburbs*) - Anneliese van der Pol
11. \"On the Ride\" - (*Cow Belles*) - Aly & AJ
12. \"Go Figure\" - (*Go Figure*) - Everlife
13. \"Say the Word\" - (*Kim Possible*) - Christy Carlson Romano
14. \"Strange World\" - (*Halloweentown High*) - Jessie Payo
15. \"The Other Side of Me\" Remix - (*Hannah Montana*) - Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana
16. \"We\'re All in This Together\" Remix - (*High School Musical*) - Cast of *High School Musical*
### DVD
1. \"Breaking Free\" - Troy & Gabriella
2. \"Best of Both Worlds\" - Hannah Montana
3. \"The Party\'s Just Begun\" - The Cheetah Girls
4. \"Push It to the Limit\" - Corbin Bleu
5. \"Supernatural\" - Raven-Symoné
6. \"Outside Looking In\" - Jordan Pruitt
7. \"Get Your Shine On\" - Jesse McCartney
8
| 298 |
The Very Best of Disney Channel
| 0 |
11,086,881 |
# Kunama Raju Palem
**Kunama Raju Palem** is a village in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. As per the constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Kunama Raju Palem village is administrated by Sarpanch, or Head of Village, who is an elected representative of the village. It is around 10 kilometers away from Nagari, the closet city. The population of the village is approximately 1366 as of 2011, consisting of 667 males and 699. females. 10% of the village population are children, and anywhere from 60-75% of the people are literate. With the village there is a sub-community called Malada, which largely consists of the scheduled castes
| 109 |
Kunama Raju Palem
| 0 |
11,086,887 |
# Blaverism
**Blaverism** (*blaverisme*, `{{IPA|ca|blaveˈɾizme|IPA}}`{=mediawiki}) is a Spanish nationalist and Valencian regionalist ideology in the Valencian Community (Spain) that emerged with the Spanish transition to democracy characterised by strong anti-Catalanism, born out of its opposition to Joan Fuster\'s book *Nosaltres, els valencians* (1962), which promoted the concept of the *Catalan Countries* which includes Valencia. They consider Fuster\'s ideas as an imperialist Catalan nationalist movement that tries to impose Catalan domination upon Valencia. Blaverism takes its name from the blue (*link=no*) fringe which distinguishes the Valencian flag from other flags with a common origin, particularly from the Catalan.
The term \"blaverism\" originally had a negative connotation, often pejorative connotation, which is still kept among the social groups who consider the blaverism a type of far-right movement. In the 21st century, the term *blaver* is recognised by different Valencian language dictionaries, including the official dictionary made by the Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua. In its origins in the second half of the twentieth century, blaverism was a populist and heterogeneous movement, which grouped together regionalists and supporters of Valencian foral civil law. Support for blaverism has been strongest in the city of Valencia and in the areas immediately surrounding it.
## Development of blaverism {#development_of_blaverism}
### Reaction against Fuster {#reaction_against_fuster}
Blaverism is usually seen as a reaction against the ideas expressed by Joan Fuster in his 1962 essay *Nosaltres els valencians* (\"We the Valencians\"), which was very influential among Catalan nationalists during the 1960s and early 1970s. Fuster\'s thesis was that the Valencians and the Catalans form part of the same nationality. In his words,
:
: \"*No és que la bandera valenciana siga igual que la catalana. És la mateixa. Igual que amb la llengua i tantes altres coses.*\"
: \"It isn\'t that the Valencian flag *is identical* to the Catalan. It *is* the same one. Same as with the language, and so many other things.\"
Blaverism not only rejects the thesis of a common nationality (flag, language, culture, etc.) but also promotes symbols of a distinct Valencian nationality: in this sense it can be described as a nationalist movement, although many of its early proponents were in fact latter-Francoists. On 11 September 1981, two bombs exploded in Fuster\'s house, seriously damaging his library and archive. Nobody was prosecuted, but it is widely believed that it was the blaverist response to Fuster\'s political and cultural position.
### Democratic transition {#democratic_transition}
Some observers warned as early as in 1976 that the transition to democracy, and particularly the economic problems of the time, could radicalize the conservative positions of a part of the right. The first public backlash against the perceived pan-Catalanism of the left-wing parties occurred in the runup to the first democratic elections, in June 1977. There were a number of violent attacks on left-wing activists and bookshops from this time on.
In terms of democratic politics, the party which most closely espoused the blaverist cause was the centre-right Unión de Centro Democrático (UCD), which was in power nationally (under Adolfo Suárez) but which trailed the socialists in Valencia and Alicante. The first speech attacking pancatalanism came in December 1977 from Emilio Attard, its leader in the province of Valencia. Manuel Broseta, another leading member of the UCD, published an influential essay \"*Paella and the Catalan Countries*\" a few months later, the first in a substantial series of anti-Catalanist articles to appear in the newspaper *Las Provincias*. The UCD would defend, with some success, a staunchly Valencianist position throughout the negotiations leading up to the first Statute of Autonomy.
| 588 |
Blaverism
| 0 |
11,086,887 |
# Blaverism
## Development of blaverism {#development_of_blaverism}
### Valencian autonomy {#valencian_autonomy}
The *Consell del País Valencià* was established by Royal Decree on 17 March 1978 and held its first meeting at the Monastery of El Puig on 10 April. All four main parties---the UCD, the postfrancoists of the Alianza Popular, the socialists of the PSOE and the communists (PCE)---were represented, and all signed a call for Valencian autonomy on 8 October, the eve of the Valencian national day. After the approval of the Spanish Constitution in December 1978, the *Consell* approved the first draft of a Statute of Autonomy at its meeting in Morella on 9 January 1979: this draft has become known as the \"Statute of Morella\".
The political climate degraded significantly after the elections of March and April 1979---with some hyperbole, the period has become known as the \"Battle of Valencia\". The elections gave the left another majority in the parliamentary deputation (PCE, 3; PSOE, 19; UCD, 19) but gave the UCD the majority of seats on the *Consell del País Valencià* (PCE, 1; PSOE, 7; UCD, 10), which were attributed under a different voting system. It was initially agreed that socialist Josep-Lluís Albinyana should rest as President of the *Consell* but the tensions between left and right were such that Albinyana was ousted after a vote of censure on 22 December 1979. The UCD accused Albinyana of using his position as President of the *Consell* to bounce through a Statute of Autonomy without consensus, while the socialists accused the UCD of wanting to reopen the consensus reached at Morella. There were elements of truth in both positions, and the close balance of electoral strength made the arguments particularly virulent.
As a result of the tensions in regional politics and of a certain number of developments at the national level, the Statute of Autonomy remained deadlocked throughout 1980, despite petitions in favour of Valencian autonomy from 529 of the 542 municipalities. The Valencian parliamentarians took the matter in hand after the failed military coup of 23 February 1981 (during which the city of Valencia suffered several hours of military occupation), producing a compromise draft Statute known as the \"Statute of Benicàssim\". It is this draft, along with a set of amendments proposed by the UCD and the communists, which was submitted for approval to the Cortes Generales in Madrid.
The Statute of Benicàssim was modified in favour of blaverist held positions by the Constitutional Committee of the Congress of Deputies, where the UCD held a majority. However Article 1 of the modified text, which named the autonomous community as the \"Kingdom of Valencia\", was rejected by the full Chamber (for, 151; against, 161; absentions, 9) on 9 March 1982 and the text returned to the Constitutional Committee. A final compromise resulted in the name \"Valencian Community\": the Statute of Autonomy entered into force on 1 July 1982.
| 479 |
Blaverism
| 1 |
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# Blaverism
## Blaverist positions {#blaverist_positions}
Blaverism\'s characteristic feature is its opposition to Catalan nationalism (named as \"*pancatalanism*\"), whether real, perceived or, according to their opponents, simply made up. The positions associated with blaverism have varied somewhat since the return to democracy, depending on the direction of the supposed \"threat\". Some blaverist positions have become mainstream (e.g., the flag), some have lost their association with blaverism (e.g., role of the autonomous institutions) while some have become more associated with blaverism, and more hotly debated (e.g., the Valencian language).
### Flag of the autonomous community {#flag_of_the_autonomous_community}
The question of which flag should be used to represent the Valencian Community is at the origin of the name \"blaverism\", which is derived from the Valencian \"*blava*\", meaning \"blue\". The origin of the dispute can be traced to Fuster\'s \"*Nosaltres els valencians*\", where he claims that Valencians and Catalans have always shared the same flag (the *Senyera*) and that Valencian groups who had used different flags in the years before Franco \"knew not what they did\" (*no sabien el que es feien*, p. 26). The *Senyera* in its simplest form---sometimes referred to as the *quatribarrada*---gained a certain (but not overwhelming) support in Valencianist circles, and was on view at the march in favour of autonomy of 9 October 1977.
The Statute of Morella proposed that the flag of the autonomous community be the *Senyera* with the royal coat of arms at the centre (those of Peter III of Aragon (1336--87), who did much to formalize the autonomy of the Kingdom of Valencia within the Crown of Aragon). This was adopted as the flag of the *Consell del País Valencià* on 24 April 1979: however the decision was seen as a provocation by the UCD, coming as it did after elections which would have given the centre-right a majority on the *Consell* but before the new *Consell* could be constituted.
The more extremest blaverist groups seized the opportunity provided by the tense political climate: the flags of the Valencia Town Hall were burnt by demonstrators on 9 October 1979, far from the only act of political violence that year.
The socialist representative left the *Consell* on 22 December 1979 and the choice of flag was reversed on 14 January 1980. The blaverists continued to insist that the flag of the new autonomous community be recognisably different from that of any other, and particularly that of Catalonia (the *Senyera* in its simplest form). The Statute of Benicàssim proposed a new design, but the UCD representative on the Constitutional Committee of the Congress of Deputies managed to impose an amendment making the flag of the autonomous community the same as that of the city of Valencia (for, 17; against, 16; abstention, 1) which includes the blue fringe (the *Senyera Coronada*).
Since the adoption of the first Statute of Autonomy, the issue has lost much of its controversy. The use of the *Senyera coronada* has a wide acceptance within the Valencian Community, although some small groups on the left of the political spectrum (e.g. Els Verds, ERPV) continue to refer to it as the \"*blavera*\" and the *Senyera quatribarrada* can be seen from time to time, particularly in the districts furthest from the capital.
### Name of the autonomous community {#name_of_the_autonomous_community}
The question of the name of the autonomous community was initially seen as fairly minor compared to the debates over the flag and the powers which would be granted to the Generalitat Valenciana. However it became the issue which almost caused the rejection of the Statute of Autonomy by the Congress of Deputies in 1982.
At the start of the democratic transition Valencian: *País Valencià*, Spanish: *País Valenciano* (roughly translated as \"Valencian Country\") seemed to enjoy a wide consensus. It was under this name that the *Consell del País Valencià* was established, and it was this name which was used in the Call for Autonomy of 8 October 1978, signed by both the UCD and by the postfranquists of the Alianza Popular.
The blaverist view, minority even on the right at first, was that the term *País Valencià* implied an identification with the *Països Catalans*, an anathema to the blaverists. In the context of the political tensions of 1979--80, they called ever more loudly for the alternative name *Regne de Valencia* (\"Kingdom of Valencia\")
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# Citadel of Qaitbay
thumb\|upright=1.0\|Ceiling in Qaitbay Citadel, Alexandria The **Citadel of Qaitbay** (or the **Fort of Qaitbay**; *قلعة قايتباي*) is a 15th-century defensive fortress located on the Mediterranean sea coast, in Alexandria, Egypt. It was built from 1477 to 1479 AD (882--884 AH) by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa\'it Bay. The Citadel is situated on the eastern side of the northern tip of Pharos Island at the mouth of the Eastern Harbour.
## History
thumb\|upright=1.0\|Hallway in Citadel of Qaitbay The Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria is considered one of the most important defensive strongholds, not only in Egypt, but also along the Mediterranean Sea coast. It formulated an important part of the fortification system of Alexandria in the 15th century AD.
### Lighthouse of Alexandria {#lighthouse_of_alexandria}
The Citadel is situated at the entrance of the eastern harbour on the eastern point of Pharos Island. It was erected on the site of the former Lighthouse of Alexandria, which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Many structural modifications were made to the lighthouse after the Arab conquest of Egypt, but the lighthouse continued to function for many centuries. Restoration began in the period of Ahmed Ibn Tulun (about 880 AD). During the 11th century an earthquake occurred, causing damage to the octagonal part. The bottom survived, but it could only serve as a watchtower, and a small mosque was built on the top. Two very destructive earthquakes occurred in 1303 and 1323, which resulted in the complete destruction of the lighthouse.
### 15th-century fortifications {#th_century_fortifications}
About 1480 AD, the Circassian Mameluke Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaitbay fortified the place as part of his coastal defensive edifices against the Turks, who were threatening Egypt at that time. He built the fortress and placed a mosque inside it. The Citadel continued to function during most of the Mameluke period, the Ottoman period and the Modern period, but after the British bombardment of Alexandria in 1882, it was kept out of the spotlight. It became neglected until the 20th century, when it was restored several times by the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities.
The founder of the Citadel of Qaitbay is a Circassian Sultan named Al-Ashraf Abou Anasr Saif El-Din Qaitbay El-Jerkasy Al-Zahiry (1468--1496 AD) who was born about 1423 AD (826 AH). He was a Mamluke who had come to Egypt as a young man, less than 20 years old. Bought by Al-Ashraf Bersbay, he remained among his attendants until Al-Ashraf Bersbay died. Then the Sultan Jaqmaq bought Qaitbay, and later gave him his freedom. Qaitbay then went on to occupy various posts. He became the Chief of the Army (Atabec Al-Askar) during the rule of the Sultan Timurbugha. When the Sultan was dethroned, Qaitbay was appointed as a Sultan who was titled Almalek Al-Ashraf on Monday 26th Ragab, 872 AH (1468 AD).
### The edifice\'s mason {#the_edifices_mason}
Qaitbay was so fond of art and architecture that he created an important post among the administrative system of the state; it was the Edifices Mason (Shady Al-Ama\'er). He built many beneficial constructions in Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. In Egypt there are about 70 renovated edifices attributed to him, among them are mosques, Madrasas, agencies, Fountain houses (Sabils), Kuttabs, houses, military edifices like the Citadels in Alexandria and Rosetta (Nowadays the city of Rashid). These Citadels were built to protect the north of Egypt, mainly against the Ottomans, whose power was increasing in the Mediterranean.
Qagmas Al-Eshaqy, The Edifices Mason, was the architect of the Citadel. Before his arrival in Egypt he was a Mameluke of Djakmaq in Syria. During the rule of Qaitbay he became the edifices mason, and then the Viceroy of Alexandria. He was appointed governor of Syria (Damascus), built a Mosque outside the gate of Rashid (Bab Rashid) as well as a Cenotaph and a Khan. He also renovated the Mosque of El-Sawary outside the gate of Sadrah (Bab Sadrah).
Qagmas was intelligent and modest, as well as the overseer of many constructions during the time of Qaitbay. In 882 AH (1477 AD) the Sultan Qaitbay visited the site of the old lighthouse in Alexandria and ordered a fortress to be built on its foundations. The construction lasted about 2 years, and it is said that Qaitbay spent more than a hundred thousand gold dinars for the work on the Citadel.
### Construction
Ibn Ayas mentioned that building of this fort started in the month of Rabi Alawal 882 H. He said that the Sultan Qaitbay travelled to Alexandria, accompanied with some other Mameluke princes, to visit the site of the old lighthouse and during this visit he ordered the building of the Citadel.
In the month of Shaban 884 H, the Sultan Qaitbay travelled again to Alexandria when the construction was finished. He provided the fort with a brave legion of soldiers and various weapons. He also, as Ibn Ayas mentioned, dedicated several waqfs from which he financed the construction works as well as the salaries of the soldiers.
Throughout the Mameluke period, and due to its strategic location, the Citadel was well maintained by all the rulers who came after Qaitbay.
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# Citadel of Qaitbay
## History
### Strengthening of the garrison {#strengthening_of_the_garrison}
The Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri gave the Citadel special attention. He visited it several times and increased the strength of the garrison, providing it with various weapons and equipment. It included a large prison made for the princes and the state-men whom the Sultan kept away from his favour for some reason. In the episodes of the year 960 H, Qansuh Al-Ghouri travelled to Alexandria with other princes.
### Approach of the Ottoman threat {#approach_of_the_ottoman_threat}
thumb\|upright=1.0\|Nameplate El-Ghouri went to the Citadel of Qaitbay where he watched some manoeuvres and military training on the defensive weapons of the Citadel of that era. When he felt the approach of the Ottoman threat, he issued a military decree to forbid weapons to be taken out of the Citadel, he even announced that the death penalty would be the punishment to those who try to steal anything from the Citadel, and he ordered the inscription of this decree on a marble slate fixed to the door leading the court. It says: *`{{Transliteration|ar|b-ismi-llāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi}}`{=mediawiki}* *بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ}}* \"In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful\".
After the Ottoman Turks had conquered Egypt, even they cared for this unique Citadel. They used it for shelter, as they had done with the Citadel of Saladin in Cairo and the Citadels of Damietta, Rosetta, Al Borollos and El-Arish. They kept it in good condition and stationed it with infantry, artillery, a company of drummers and trumpeters, masons and carpenters.
### The Ottoman threat recedes {#the_ottoman_threat_recedes}
As the Ottoman military became weak, the Citadel began to lose its military importance. In 1798 AD, during the French expedition of Egypt, it fell into the hands of the French troops, mainly because of the weakness of the Citadel garrison, and the power of the French modern weapons at that time. Inside, the French found some crusader weapons, which dated back to the campaign of Louis IX. These may have been spoils from the Battle of Al Mansurah.
### 19th-century renovation {#th_century_renovation}
thumb\|upright=1.2\|Front view of the Citadel of Qaitbay When Muhammad Ali Pasha became the ruler of Egypt in 1805, he renovated the old Citadel, restoring and repairing its outer ramparts, and he provided the stronghold with the most modern weapons of the period, particularly the littoral cannons. We can consider the reign of Mohammed Ali as being another golden era for the Citadel.
### The Orabi revolt {#the_orabi_revolt}
The Citadel retained the interest of Mohammed Ali\'s successors until the year 1882 when the Orabi Revolt took place. The British fleet bombarded Alexandria on 11 July 1882 and damaged a large part of the city, especially in the area of the Citadel. This attack cracked the fortress, causing great damage. The north and western facades were severely damaged as a result of cannon explosions, aimed directly at the structure. The western facade was completely destroyed, leaving large gaps in it.
### 20th-century renovation {#th_century_renovation_1}
The Citadel then remained neglected, until 1904 when the Ministry of Defence restored the Upper floors. King Farouk wanted to turn the Citadel into a royal rest house so he ordered a rapid renovation on it.
After the revolution of 1952 the Egyptian Naval troops turned the building into a Maritime Museum. The biggest restoration work dates to 1984, when the Egyptian Antiquities Organization made ambitious plans to restore the fort
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# My December Tour
The **My December Tour** was the fourth headlining concert tour by American pop rock recording artist Kelly Clarkson, and followed the release Clarkson\'s third studio album, *My December* (2007). Originally a large-scale summer tour timed to coincide with the June 2007 availability of the album, public career battles and poor ticket sales in North America led Clarkson to cancel it before it began. A considerably smaller-scale tour commenced in September 2007 and ran to April 2008, with the international legs in Europe and Australia remaining at arena venues.
## Background
### First incarnation {#first_incarnation}
The tour was initially announced by both Billboard.com and Clarkson\'s official website on April 26, 2007. It was scheduled for almost 40 dates in North America, running from July 7 to September 28, 2007, beginning in Portland, Oregon\'s Rose Garden Arena, including such venues as the TD BankNorth Garden in Boston and Continental Airlines Arena in New Jersey, and concluding at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. For the first time, Clarkson would be playing in arenas instead of the smaller amphitheatres that her previous tours were staged in. Describing the tour, Clarkson stated, \"This will be the biggest tour I've ever done. It\'s all about the music -- we're bringing extra musicians and we'll be making an arena environment intimate because I want the fans to be part of the show! And you'll hear all your favorite hits too!!\" The show would feature a 36-row catwalk and b-stage, in order to make the large arenas more intimate for fans. Mat Kearney would be her support act for the tour.
The tour was to be sponsored by Vitamin Water. The company set up an exclusive website, kellyallaccess.com, which offered a pre-sale through Ticketmaster as well as other cross-promotional activities with Clarkson. Tickets went on sale on May 12 and prospects for the tour got caught up in Clarkson\'s very public career drama concerning the contents and commercial potential of *My December*, her relations with record company boss Clive Davis, and her falling out with her own management.
On Thursday, June 14, the tour was cancelled per Clarkson\'s official website, with her statement saying: `{{cquote|I can't tell you how much I've been looking forward to getting out there to perform for y'all. In the craziness of the music business, performing is what I look forward to doing the most, so it really is disappointing for me to have to tell you that I won't be coming out to tour this summer. The fact is that touring is just too much too soon. But I promise you that we're going to get back out there as soon as is humanly possible to give you a show that will be even better. Thanks for all of your love and continued support.<ref>Emily Fromm, [https://archive.today/20120908022630/http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20042591,00.html "Kelly Clarkson Tour Shelved – For Now"], [[People.com]], June 14, 2007.</ref>}}`{=mediawiki}
However, low ticket sales were acknowledged by promoters and her representatives as the reason for the cancellation. LiveNation CEO Michael Rapino said: \"Ticket sales have not been what we anticipated and we came to the realization that we had bit off more than we could chew. In the end, we are in the Kelly Clarkson business and for that reason we believe that this decision will only benefit her and her fans in the long run.\"
The *My December* album itself was finally released on June 26, 2007, and within a few weeks it was clear that its sales would be considerably less than those of her previous two albums. The only public performances to survive the tour cancellation were her five-song set at the Live Earth concert at Giants Stadium on July 7, 2007, and various promotional appearances on morning and late-night television programs in conjunction with the album\'s release.
### Second incarnation {#second_incarnation}
On September 4, 2007, a new My December Tour for Fall 2007 in North America was announced on via Billboard.com. It was specified to play 26 dates in 3,000- to 6,000-seat theatres rather than the previous arenas. Her three shows at New York City\'s Beacon Theatre all sold out, and her performance at the Tower Theater outside Philadelphia nearly did. Shows in Toronto, Minneapolis, and Chicago also sold out.
Clarkson then added Australian and European legs to the tour, to take place starting March 2008, after the first leg of her 2 Worlds 2 Voices Tour with Reba McEntire. The singles from *My December* had gotten a somewhat better reception in Australia than in the U.S., and Clarkson was following the strategy of scheduling dates there that the Dixie Chicks had following for their similarly sales-challenged Accidents & Accusations Tour of 2006. Tickets for the Australian tour went on sale October 8, 2007. On October 23, 2007, the full European lineup was announced and tickets went on sale immediately. German, Swedish and Dutch tickets went on sale for fans through a number of different ticketing websites and stores across the continent. Although Sony BMG UK set up an official pre-sale for fans through Live Nation, Ents24.com and Seetickets, Orange UK set up a \"reserve ticket\" system through WAP on their website, for registered Orange users within the UK. There was a high demand for Glasgow and Manchester fans and a further date was added for each within a week. Clarkson scheduled an appearance on the UK TV show *This Morning* on December 12 to promote the UK leg of the tour.
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# My December Tour
## The show {#the_show}
As in the past, Clarkson\'s concerts held more in common with traditional rock concerts than with pop- or R&B-oriented \"diva\" productions. The show began with a stage tableau of the cover of the *My December* album, complete with staircase laced with gnarly tree branches and Clarkson sitting in the big red dress while the band was frozen like mannequins. Clarkson immediately shed the bulky red dress, however, and performed in an understated black pants and back top outfit. Halfway through the show the main curtain closed, and Clarkson and selected band members performed a quieter mini-set of \"Because of You\", \"Up to the Mountain\", and \"Be Still\" in front of the curtain. A mash-up of \"Miss Independent\" and Led Zeppelin\'s \"Whole Lotta Love\" AC/DC\'s \"Back in Black\" then played for a while over the sound system; when the curtain opened the set had been stripped to a techno-modern look, while Clarkson had undergone the minimal costume change of adding a black sleeveless vest. The single encores segment began with a respectfully delivered \"Sober\" followed by the informal \"Chivas\" and then her biggest hit, \"Since U Been Gone\", the last of which typically featured sing-alongs or dancing fans pulled up on stage. In all she typically performed for 75 to 80 minutes.
The show\'s set list was dominated by *My December* and *Breakaway* material, with only \"Miss Independent\" and \"Beautiful Disaster\" appearing from her first album *Thankful* and the only indicator of her *American Idol* heritage her introduction to the *Idol Gives Back* showstopper \"Up to the Mountain\". Clarkson\'s concert audience in the U.S. was sometimes composed of high school and younger college age people, predominantly female, and preteen girls accompanied by one or both parents, but also sometimes connected with her radio audience, which includes widespread play on adult contemporary stations. The music presented in the show was more conventionally rock-oriented than her concert audience profile might indicate. Clarkson\'s between-songs stage patter typically made only a few allusions to her career adventures with the *My December* album. At the start of the tour, she introduced *My December* material carefully. Near the close of shows, she thanked the audience for giving this chance to her to perform her songs, saying that all the other facets of the music industry paled in importance. She gave more extensive introductions for \"Hole\" and \"Up to the Mountain\", which she said did not fit her normal sound.
Rock critic Greg Kot analyzed the show as portraying three possible career paths for Clarkson: Goth vixen, pop princess, and ballad singer. He suggested that the last of these was where her best chance at artistic growth lay, saying that her mid-concert quiet set had been \"a revelation\".
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# My December Tour
## Opening acts {#opening_acts}
- Jon McLaughlin `{{small|(North America)}}`{=mediawiki}
- Sean Kingston `{{small|(Australia) (select venues)}}`{=mediawiki}
- Mandy Moore `{{small|(Australia) (select venues)}}`{=mediawiki}
- Jamie Scott and the Town `{{small|(Europe) (select venues)}}`{=mediawiki}
## Set list {#set_list}
1. \"Untitled I\" `{{small|(contains elements of "Irvine" and "Never Again") (Instrumental Introduction)}}`{=mediawiki}
2. \"One Minute\"
3. \"Behind These Hazel Eyes\"
4. \"Don\'t Waste Your Time\"
5. \"Never Again\"
6. \"Maybe\"
7. \"Gone\"
8. \"Hole\"
9. \"Addicted\"
10. \"Because of You\"
11. \"Up to the Mountain\" `{{small|([[Patty Griffin]] cover)}}`{=mediawiki}
12. \"Be Still\"
13. \"Miss Independent\"
14. \"How I Feel\"
15. \"Breakaway\"
16. \"Walk Away\"
17. \"Sober\"
18. \"Chivas\"
19. \"Since U Been Gone\"
## Tour dates {#tour_dates}
Date City Country Venue
-------------------- ---------------------- --------------- ------------------------------------
Australia Leg 1
September 28, 2007 Melbourne Australia Palais Theatre
September 30, 2007 Sydney The Forum
North America
October 10, 2007 Verona United States Turning Stone Event Center
October 12, 2007 Atlantic City Borgata Event Center
October 14, 2007 New York City Beacon Theatre
October 15, 2007
October 16, 2007
October 18, 2007 Upper Darby Township Tower Theater
October 21, 2007 Uncasville Mohegan Sun Arena
October 23, 2007 Boston Orpheum Theatre
October 24, 2007 Washington, D.C. DAR Constitution Hall
October 26, 2007 Niagara Falls Seneca Niagara Events Center
October 28, 2007 Detroit The Fillmore Detroit
October 30, 2007 Toronto Canada Massey Hall
November 1, 2007 Chicago United States Chicago Theatre
November 2, 2007 Minneapolis State Theatre
November 5, 2007 Denver Paramount Theatre
November 10, 2007 San Jose Event Center Arena
November 12, 2007 Seattle Paramount Theatre
November 14, 2007 Sacramento Sacramento Memorial Auditorium
November 16, 2007 San Diego San Diego Civic Theatre
November 18, 2007 Los Angeles Gibson Amphitheatre
November 20, 2007 Tempe Gammage Memorial Auditorium
November 23, 2007 Grand Prairie Nokia Live at Grand Prairie
November 25, 2007 Houston Verizon Wireless Theater
November 27, 2007 Atlanta Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre
November 29, 2007 Boca Raton Count de Hoernle Amphitheater
December 1, 2007 Clearwater Ruth Eckerd Hall
December 3, 2007 Nashville Ryman Auditorium
Australia Leg 2
March 1, 2008 Perth Australia Challenge Stadium
March 3, 2008 Adelaide Adelaide Entertainment Centre
March 4, 2008 Melbourne Rod Laver Arena
March 6, 2008 Sydney Sydney Entertainment Centre
March 8, 2008 Newcastle Newcastle Entertainment Centre
March 9, 2008 Brisbane Brisbane Entertainment Centre
Europe
March 14, 2008 Manchester England Carling Apollo Manchester
March 17, 2008 Glasgow Scotland Carling Academy Glasgow
March 18, 2008
March 20, 2008 Wolverhampton England Wolverhampton Civic Hall
March 22, 2008 Plymouth Plymouth Pavilions
March 23, 2008 Bournemouth Solent Hall
March 26, 2008 London Hammersmith Apollo
March 27, 2008
March 29, 2008 Cardiff Wales Cardiff International Arena
March 31, 2008 Brighton England Brighton Centre
April 2, 2008 Mannheim Germany Mannheimer Rosengarten
April 3, 2008 Cologne Palladium Köln
April 5, 2008 Antwerp Belgium Lotto Arena
April 6, 2008 Amsterdam Netherlands Heineken Music Hall
April 8, 2008 Manchester England Carling Apollo Manchester
April 9, 2008 Copenhagen Denmark Vega Musikkens Hus
April 11, 2008 Stockholm Sweden Annexet
April 13, 2008 Helsinki Finland Helsinki Ice Hall
Cancellations and rescheduled shows; (original tour dates)
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 11, 2007 | Portland | Rose Garden Arena | CancelledSources for original tour itinerary and cancellation: |
| | | | |
| | | | - {{cite web |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 13, 2007 | Seattle | KeyArena | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 15, 2007 | Sacramento | ARCO Arena | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 17, 2007 | San Jose | HP Pavilion | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 19, 2007 | Anaheim | Honda Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 21, 2007 | Denver | Pepsi Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 22, 2007 | Kansas City | Kemper Arena | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 25, 2007 | Saint Paul | Xcel Energy Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 27, 2007 | St. Louis | Scottrade Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 29, 2007 | Rosemont | Allstate Arena | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| July 31, 2007 | Columbus | Value City Arena | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 2, 2007 | Toronto | Air Canada Centre | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 4, 2007 | Boston | TD Banknorth Garden | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 5, 2007 | Albany | Times Union Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 10, 2007 | Auburn Hills | The Palace of Auburn Hills | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 12, 2007 | Cleveland | Quicken Loans Arena | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 14, 2007 | Philadelphia | Wachovia Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 16, 2007 | Uncasville | Mohegan Sun Wolf Den | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 18, 2007 | Uniondale | Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 19, 2007 | Washington, D.C. | Verizon Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 22, 2007 | East Rutherford | Continental Airlines Arena | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 24, 2007 | | | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 26, 2007 | Nashville | Gaylord Entertainment Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 28, 2007 | Duluth | Arena at Gwinnett Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| August 30, 2007 | Sunrise | BankAtlantic Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 1, 2007 | Orlando | Amway Arena | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 2, 2007 | Tampa | St. Pete Times Forum | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 5, 2007 | Dallas | American Airlines Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 7, 2007 | Houston | Toyota Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 9, 2007 | Las Vegas | MGM Grand Garden Arena | Rescheduled to September 28, 2007 |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 13, 2007 | Calgary | Pengrowth Saddledome | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 14, 2007 | Edmonton | Rexall Place | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 16, 2007 | Vancouver | Pacific Coliseum | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 19, 2007 | Fresno | Save Mart Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 21, 2007 | San Diego | San Diego Sports Arena | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 23, 2007 | Phoenix | US Airways Center | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 26, 2007 | Los Angeles | Pauley Pavilion | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| September 28, 2007 | Las Vegas | MGM Grand Garden Arena | Cancelled |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| March 15, 2008 | Manchester | O2 Apollo | Rescheduled to April 8, 2008 |
+--------------------+------------------+-----------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
### Box office score data {#box_office_score_data}
Venue City Tickets sold / available Gross revenue
----------------------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------- -----------------
Borgata Events Center Atlantic City, New Jersey 2,232 / 2,978 (75%) \$115,895
Beacon Theatre New York City 8,553 / 8,553 (100%) \$364,539
Tower Theater Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania 2,882 / 3,064 (94%) \$114,550
The Fillmore Detroit Detroit 2,599 / 2,900 (90%) \$94,800
Massey Hall Toronto 2,567 / 2,567 (100%) \$62,837
Chicago Theatre Chicago 3,413 / 3,413 (100%) \$134,814
State Theatre Minneapolis 2,049 / 2,049 (100%) \$80,936
Event Center Arena San Jose, California 4,613 / 4,666 (99%) \$168,525
**TOTAL** **28,908** / **30,190** (96%) **\$1,136,896**
## Personnel
**Band**
- Lead vocals: Kelly Clarkson
- Keyboards, Musical director: Jason Halbert
- Guitar: Aben Eubanks
- Guitar, backup vocals: Cory Churko
- Bass: Einar Pedersen
- Drums: Chris Deaner
- Backup vocalist, acoustic guitar: Jill Pickering
- Backup vocalist: Kate Rapier
**Other**
- Management: Narvel Blackstock & Starstuck Management
- Tour Manager: Tim Krieg
- Production Manager: Allan Hornall
- Hair & Makeup: Ashley Donovan
- Security: Brian Butner & NPB Companies, Inc
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# Nonna of Nazianzus
**Saint Nonna of Nazianzus** (*Νόννα*) was the wife of Gregory of Nazianzus the Elder, and the mother of Gregory the Theologian, Caesarius, and Gorgonia. She lived in Cappadocia, a province of the Roman Empire in present-day central Turkey.
## Life
After Nonna married, she converted her husband Gregory to Christianity. He had been a member of the Hypsistarians, a Jewish-pagan sect that worshipped *Hypsistos*, the \"Most High\" God. She was the mother of three children, each of whom became saints, the most notable of which being Gregory of Nazianzus. She outlived her husband and two of her children, dying in 374.
Her son Gregory tells of an occasion in 351 when Nonna fell sick with a severe illness and appeared to be at the point of death. On his way to visit a friend, Gregory hurried instead to his mother who, in the meantime, had begun to recover. She had a vision in which Gregory had given her miraculous cakes marked with the sign of the cross, and blessed by him.
Gregory championed Nonna as a model of Christian motherhood
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# Hope and Labour Bloc
The **Hope and Labour Bloc** (*كتلة الأمل والعمل*) was a candidature list that contested the May 2005 municipal elections in Bethlehem, the West Bank. The Bloc was launched by a dissident grouping of Fatah, which officially backed the United Bethlehem Bloc. In total, the Hope and Labour Bloc presented 12 candidates. The top candidate of the Bloc was Zughbi Zughbi
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| 0 |
11,087,006 |
# Fitts for Fight
**Fitts for Fight** was a female duo consisting of Ellinor Aurora Aasgaard and Julie Ilona Balas from Kristiansand in Norway. They became known when it was revealed that the songs they claimed to have written themselves were made by demoscene musicians and downloaded from micromusic.net, while the two women added their own often explicit lyrics to the music. According to micromusic.net they have so far identified songs from 505 of YM Rockerz, Binärpilot, 8 Bit Weapon, Arachno, Printed Circuit, Yerzmyey, Drx of Bodenständig 2000, Jo Petrole and Stu of Drop da Bomb. After it was made public that they had copied the songs, Fitts for Fight deleted the music from their page on MySpace and they were removed from Urørt. Also the by:Larm festival dropped them from the programme and they were replaced by Binärpilot. Examples of music that Fitts for Fight stole are *Fuck off and die* that is actually *STereoid* by Stu, *CrashBurnDestroy* that is *Space Travel* by Yerzmyey, and *Monstermachine* that is *Otosclerosis* by Binärpilot.
Stu of Drop da Bomb has been in contact with the Swiss copyright organisation SUISA who in turn would contact the Norwegian TONO
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11,087,046 |
# Texan schooner Brutus
*Pandoc failed*: ```
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unexpected '{'
{{Infobox ship image
^
``
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| 0 |
11,087,067 |
# Nicolas Ardouin
**Nicolas Ardouin** (born 7 February 1978) is a French former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
## Career
Ardouin was born in La Rochelle, Charente-Maritime. His first years in professional football were spent in the lower leagues, first with Grenoble Foot 38 then La Roche VF. In 2002, he moved to level two with ASOA Valence, but only amassed 18 matches in two seasons combined.
In 2004--05, Ardouin moved abroad with Deportivo Alavés, again only being backup. In his second season, as the Basque had returned to La Liga, he was as low as third-string, behind Argentine Franco Costanzo and Roberto Bonano, and did not appear at all.
Ardouin moved countries again in 2008, joining A.F.C. Tubize in Belgium. He had his most solid campaign as a professional, but the club was finally relegated
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# Washington Technology Industry Association
The **Washington Technology Industry Association** (WTIA) (formerly **Washington Software Alliance**) is a prominent technology business association with approximately 1,000 member companies in Washington State, United States.
WTIA hosts educational and training events, CEO roundtables, executive seminars, and special interest Affinity Groups. It also engages in advocacy for technology interests in Olympia, WA, and Washington, DC.
The Washington Software Alliance (WSA) was renamed the Washington Technology Industry Association in 2008
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| 0 |
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# Smart card application protocol data unit
In the context of smart cards, an **application protocol data unit** (**APDU**) is the communication unit between a smart card reader and a smart card. The structure of the APDU is defined by ISO/IEC 7816-4 *Organization, security and commands for interchange*.
## APDU message command-response pair {#apdu_message_command_response_pair}
There are two categories of APDUs: command APDUs and response APDUs. A command APDU is sent by the reader to the card -- it contains a mandatory 4-byte header (CLA, INS, P1, P2) and from 0 to 65 535 bytes of data. A response APDU is sent by the card to the reader -- it contains from 0 to 65 536 bytes of data, and 2 mandatory status bytes (SW1, SW2)
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11,087,089 |
# Teribe language
**Teribe** is a language spoken by the Naso or Teribe people. It is used primarily in the Naso Tjër Di Comarca and the Bocas del Toro Province of northwestern Panama and in the southern part of Costa Rica\'s Puntarenas Province, but is almost extinct in the latter. It is part of the Chibchan language family, in the Talamanca branch. There are currently about 3,000 speakers, nearly all of whom speak Spanish as well. The language is of the OVS type. Its ISO 639-3 code is tfr.
## Writing system {#writing_system}
---- --- --- --- ---- --- --- --- --- --- ---- --- --- --- --- ---- ---
a ã ä b ch d e ẽ ë g gw i ĩ j k kw l
ll m n ñ o õ ö p r s sh t u ũ w y z
---- --- --- --- ---- --- --- --- --- --- ---- --- --- --- --- ---- ---
: Teribe alphabet (Panama)
Teribe also uses the ll with diaeresis centered over the letters
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# Corps of Engineers (Ireland)
The **Corps of Engineers** (**ENGR**) (*An Cór Innealtóirí*) is the military engineering branch of the Defence Forces of Ireland. The Corps is responsible for combat engineering, construction engineering, and fire fighting services within the Defence Forces. The main role of the combat engineers is to provide engineering on the battlefield; the Corps has successfully leveraged its skill and expertise in several of the Irish Army\'s deployments on United Nations operations.
## History
Following the establishment of the Irish Free State on 6 December 1922 General Routine Orders were issued which laid down the organisation of the first centralised Defence Forces. From an engineering point of view there were three particular problem areas to be overcome:-
- The Barracks and Posts throughout the state were in great need of repair following the War of Independence and the Civil War.
- There was a general shortage of materials.
- Most of the railway system was in disarray with many towns cut off.
To meet these requirements three (3) Corps were set up:
- The Works Corps - to carry out repairs and reconstruction.
- The Salvage Corps - to recover materials from damaged buildings for use elsewhere.
- The Railway Protection, Repair and Maintenance Corps - to rebuild the railway system.
The Corps of Engineers was established and took over from these three Corps with effect from 1 October 1924. In 1931 Field Engineer Companies and the School of Military Engineering were added to the establishment.
## Roles
The Corps has a wide variety of roles, covering conventional warfare, and training for the Defence Forces. With such a wide range of skills, the Engineer Corps provide a variety of support to the Army. This support includes anything from the provision of:
- Mobility
- Clearing terrain obstacles
- Constructing roads and bridges
- Demining
- Counter mobility
- Planting landmines
- Digging trenches and ditches
- Demolishing roads and bridges
- Demolitions
- Survivability
- Building fortifications
- Camp Construction: Camp Clara (Monrovia, Liberia), Camp Clark (Kosovo)
- General Engineer Support
- Counter Terrorist Search
- Fire fighting & RTA
- EOD
- CBRN defence
- Humanitarian Demining
## Missions
The Corps have seen active service in UNMIK), Somalia (UNOSOM II), Congo (ONUC), Lebanon (UNIFIL), Liberia (UNMIL) & Chad (EUFOR Tchad/RCA) - where the Engineer Corps was deployed to construct Camp Ciara in advance of a contingent of more than 500 troops.
Army engineers were deployed alongside personnel from the Naval Service and NSR in early 2020 as part of Ireland\'s response to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19).
## Equipment
- Aardvark Midi Mine flail
- DOK-ING MV-4 Remotely Operated Mine flail
- Cyclops Mk4 Remotely Operated Vehicle
- Remote Firing Demolitions Equipment (BIRIS, PRIME, DRFD)
- Mabey Johnson Bridge
- Infantry Assault Bridge
- FFV 013 Area Defence Munition
- Rigid-hulled inflatable boats (RIBs) (Delta 7 metre, Lencraft 5.1 metre dive, and Lencraft 7.5&6.5 metre intruder RIBs)
## Corps of Engineers Units (2013) {#corps_of_engineers_units_2013}
- 1st Engineer Group (Replaced 1st Field Engineer Company)
- 2nd Engineer Group (Replaced 4th Field Engineer Company)
- Engineer Section, Air Corps. Attached Irish Air Corps
- Engineer Section, Naval Service. Attached Irish Naval Service
- Engineer Group, Logistics Base Curragh
## Disbanded (Defence Forces Re-org 2012) {#disbanded_defence_forces_re_org_2012}
- 2nd Field Engineer Company
- 31st Field Engineer Company
- 62nd Field Engineer Company
- 54th Field Engineer Company
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# Corps of Engineers (Ireland)
## Future developments {#future_developments}
As in all aspects of society, legislative changes and technological advances have required workforces to become more specialised and more highly skilled. The Irish Defence Forces is no exception - requiring specialist skilled engineers.
Compared with Defence Forces in other countries e.g. British and French Armies, the number of engineers in the Irish Defence Forces is low, 5.5% against 8.8% and 12.8% respectively.
## Gallery
Image:Bridge Building (4706573298).jpg\|Bridge building Image:Bridge Demolition.JPG\|Demolition using Hayrick shaped charges <File:Aardvark> mine flail detonating a landmine.jpg\|Aardvark Joint Service Flail detonating an Anti-Tank Landmine Image:Camp Construction2.jpg\|Installing Lighting Towers Image:Fire Fighting
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# Ernest Cassutto
**Ernest H. Cassutto** (1 December 1919 -- 18 March 1985) was a Dutch Holocaust survivor who converted to Christianity during World War II.
## Holocaust Story {#holocaust_story}
Born in Probolinggo in the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) he was the middle son of secular Jewish parents. His father was a law professor in the Dutch East Indies. The family returned to The Hague, the Netherlands, in 1934. During the German occupation of the Netherlands, his family was hidden in several locations throughout the country. In 1944, Ernest was captured and imprisoned in Rotterdam and his fiance was sent to a concentration camp and was killed. He was rescued by a Dutch Christian underground worker just before he was to be executed by the Nazis as the war came to a close.
## Conversion and Life in America {#conversion_and_life_in_america}
Ernest later became a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church, and then immigrated to the United States in 1952, under the auspices of the Hebrew Christian Alliance and the Reformed Church of America. He settled in the U.S. with his wife and fellow Holocaust survivor, Elisabeth (1931-1984), and infant daughter and was a minister-at-large in the North Jersey-New York metropolitan area. In 1968 he became the pastor of the Emmanuel Hebrew Christian church in Villa Nova, Baltimore County, until his retirement in 1979. He died in the Baltimore area on March 18, 1985.
## Writing
Rev. Cassutto wrote a book about his captivity and rescue from Nazi imprisonment in 1974. The book was called *The Last Jew of Rotterdam* and was originally released by Whitaker House. The book went out of print, but because of continued interest in his story, was rewritten and updated by his son, Dr. Benjamin H. Cassutto. The newer version of the book was released by Purple Pomegranate Productions.
Another son, George H. Cassutto, wrote and maintains a website about Rev. and Mrs. Cassutto as the interest in their story continues
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# JAT Flight 769
On 11 September 1973, **JAT Yugoslav Airlines Flight 769**, carried out by a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VI-N (Registration: YU-AHD), was nearing its end completing a scheduled domestic flight from Skopje, SR Macedonia to Titograd (modern-day Podgorica), SR Montenegro when it crashed into Mount Maganik, in central Montenegro, killing all 41 passengers and crew. The aircraft was written off.
## Accident
The flight, a scheduled domestic Flight JU 769 from Skopje to Titograd, was nearing its end. Allegedly, the flight was instructed to start descent, although the aircraft was not visible on radar (which were allegedly not working well at the time) nor could the control tower staff make visual contact with the aircraft. At the time of the flight, there were no qualified staff at the control tower in Titograd. The flight was asked to descend to a flight level of 6,000 ft or a height it saw fit. The aircraft crashed into the peak of Medvjeđi vrh (2140 m, 7021 ft) on Maganik mountain near Kolašin. All 41 people on board died in the accident.The crash is, to date, the deadliest accident in Montenegro
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# Bethlehem Brotherhood and Development
**Bethlehem Brotherhood and Development** (*بيت لحم تآخي وتطوير*)`{{clarify|date=April 2012}}`{=mediawiki} was a candidature bloc that contested the May 2005 municipal elections in Bethlehem, the West Bank. Politically independent, the list included members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. In total, the bloc presented 15 candidates (8 Christians and 7 Muslims).`{{clarify|date=April 2012}}`{=mediawiki} The top candidate of the Bloc was Victor Batarseh, who was elected mayor
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# Injury prevention
**Injury prevention** is an effort to prevent or reduce the severity of bodily injuries caused by external mechanisms, such as accidents, before they occur. Injury prevention is a component of safety and public health, and its goal is to improve the health of the population by preventing injuries and hence improving quality of life. Among laypersons, the term \"accidental injury\" is often used. However, \"accidental\" implies the causes of injuries are random in nature. Researchers prefer the term \"unintentional injury\" to refer to injuries that are nonvolitional but often preventable. Data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control show that unintentional injuries are a significant public health concern: they are by far the leading cause of death from ages 1 through 44. During these years, unintentional injuries account for more deaths than the next three leading causes of death combined. Unintentional injuries also account for the top ten sources of nonfatal emergency room visits for persons up to age 9 and nine of the top ten sources of nonfatal emergency room visits for persons over the age of 9.
Injury prevention strategies cover a variety of approaches, many of which are classified as falling under the \"3 Es\" of injury prevention: education, engineering modifications, and enforcement/enactment of policies. Some organizations and researchers have variously proposed the addition of equity, empowerment, emotion, empathy, evaluation, and economic incentives to this list.
## Measuring effectiveness {#measuring_effectiveness}
Injury prevention research can be challenging because the usual outcome of interest is deaths or injuries prevented and it is difficult to measure how many people *did not* get hurt who otherwise would have. Education efforts can be measured by changes in knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs and behaviors before and after an intervention; however, tying these changes back into reductions in morbidity and mortality is often problematic. Effectiveness of injury prevention interventions is typically evaluated by examining trends in morbidity and mortality in a population may provide some indication of the effectiveness of injury prevention interventions. Online databases, such as the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) allow both researchers and members of the public to measure shifts in mortality over time.
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# Injury prevention
## Common types {#common_types}
### Traffic and automobile safety {#traffic_and_automobile_safety}
Traffic safety and automobile safety are a major component of injury prevention because it is the leading cause of death for children and young adults into their mid 30s. Injury prevention efforts began in the early 1960s when activist Ralph Nader exposed automobiles as being more dangerous than necessary in his book Unsafe at Any Speed. This led to engineering changes in the way cars are designed to allow for more crush space between the vehicle and the occupant. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also contributes significantly to automobile safety. CDC Injury Prevention Champion David Sleet illustrated the importance of lowering the legal blood alcohol content limit to 0.08 percent for drivers, requiring disposable lighters to be child resistant; and using evidence to demonstrate the dangers of airbags to young children riding in the front seat of vehicles.
**Engineering**: vehicle crash worthiness, seat belts, airbags, locking seat belts for child seats.
**Education**: promote seat belt use, discourage impaired driving, promote child safety seats.
**Enforcement and enactment**: passage and enforcement of primary seat belt laws, speed limits, impaired driving enforcement.
### Pedestrian safety {#pedestrian_safety}
Pedestrian safety is the focus of both epidemiological and psychological injury prevention research. Epidemiological studies typically focus on causes external to the individual such as traffic density, access to safe walking areas, socioeconomic status, injury rates, legislation for safety (e.g., traffic fines), or even the shape of vehicles, which can affect the severity of injuries resulting from a collision. Epidemiological data show children aged 1--4 are at greatest risk for injury in driveway and sidewalks. Children aged 5--14 are at greatest risk while attempting to cross streets.
Psychological pedestrian safety studies extend as far back as the mid-1980s, when researchers began examining behavioral variables in children. Behavioral variables of interest include selection of crossing gaps in traffic, attention to traffic, the number of near hits or actual hits, or the routes children chose when crossing multiple streets such as while walking to school. The most common technique used in behavioral pedestrian research is the pretend road, in which a child stands some distance from the curb and watches traffic on the real road, then walks to the edge of the street when a crossing opportunity is chosen. Research is gradually shifting to more ecologically valid virtual reality techniques.
### Home safety {#home_safety}
Home accidents including burns, drownings, and poisonings are the most common cause of death in industrialized countries. Efforts to prevent accidents such as providing safety equipment and teaching about home safety practices may reduce the rate of injuries.
### Occupational safety and health {#occupational_safety_and_health}
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is the science of forecasting, recognizing, evaluating and controlling of hazards arising in or from the workplace that could impair the health and wellbeing of workers. This area is necessarily vast, involving a large number of disciplines and numerous workplace and environmental hazards. Liberalization of world trade, rapid technological progress, significant developments in transport and communication, shifting patterns of employment, changes in work organization practices, and the size, structure and lifecycles of enterprises and of new technologies can all generate new types and patterns of hazards, exposures and risks. A musculoskeletal injury is the most common health hazard in workplaces. The elimination of unsafe or unhealthy working conditions and dangerous acts can be achieved in a number of ways, including by engineering control, design of safe work systems to minimize risks, substituting safer materials for hazardous substances, administrative or organizational methods, and use of personal protective equipment
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# Holding value
In the field of financial economics, **Holding value** is an indicator of a theoretical value of an asset that someone has in their portfolio. It is a value which sums the impacts of all the dividends that would be given to the holder in the future, to help them estimate a price to buy or sell assets.
## Expression
The following formula gives the holding value (HV) for a period beginning at i through the period n.
$${HV}_{[i,n]}=\sum_{k=0}^{n-i}\frac{div(i+k)}{{(1+r)}^{n-i-k}}$$ where
div = dividend
r = interest rate (of the money if it is kept at the bank; e.g., 0.02 or 2%)
i = the period at the beginning of the estimation
n = the last period considered in the window of future dividends
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# Woodhall Farm
**Woodhall Farm** is a neighbourhood on the northern side of Hemel Hempstead in the county of Hertfordshire. It was built on the former Brocks Fireworks site. Its location on the edge of Hemel Hempstead means it has open fields to its north and east with the landscaped High Wood forming an integral green barrier and recreational space.
## Development
Situated on the northern edge of Hemel Hempstead towards Redbourn, Woodhall Farm was built in the mid to late 1970s on the former Brock\'s Fireworks site with a mix of private and housing association stock. The builder was Fairview Estates and it has property ranging from 4 bedroom detached houses down to one bedroom low -rise flats. The area has a shopping centre with a Sainsbury\'s Supermarket, Newsagents, Fish & Chip shop and Dry Cleaners and a Chemist shop. It also has two infant and middle schools and a doctors surgery serving the local area. At the 2011 census the area was included in the Apsley and Corner Hall Ward of Dacorum Council.
Woodhall Farm is home to approximately 5,661 people, and in keeping with the new towns\' (see New towns in the United Kingdom) ethos, Woodhall was built with an emphasis to provide a neighbourhood shopping complex to serve the local community.
The neighbourhood returns two councillors to Dacorum Borough Council.
There are two primary schools servicing the area; Holtsmere End JMI and Brockswood Primary School. The now closed Nickey Line railway is now redeveloped as a cycle path and linear green space and runs close to its southern border.
Some of the residents of Woodhall Farm were affected by the Buncefield Oil Depot explosion in 2005, causing structural and superficial damage to many of the local houses and buildings
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# Drakotrypa
**Drakotrypa** (*Δρακότρυπα*) is a mountain village and a community in the municipality of Mouzaki, in the western part of the Karditsa regional unit, Greece. The community consists of the villages Drakotrypa, Arpakia, Keramargio, Milies, Spathes, Trygona and Tsarouchi. Drakotrypa is located at the foot of the Pindus mountains, 6 km southwest of Mouzaki and 28 km west of Karditsa
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# Bob Wojnowski
**Bob \"Wojo\" Wojnowski** is an American reporter and columnist for *The Detroit News* and host of a radio show on WXYT-FM in Detroit, Michigan. Wojnowski also appears often on Fox 2 WJBK\'s *Sunday Night Sports Works* roundtable.
Wojnowski previously co-hosted the *Stoney and Wojo* radio show on WDFN. Along with co-host Mike Stone, the *Stoney and Wojo* show had been a consistent ratings leader for years in the Detroit afternoon drive time slot until it was canceled on January 20, 2009.
## Career
The *Stoney and Wojo* show was a three-hour radio broadcast that included listener call-in segments, regular guests, and current affairs talk slanted towards the Detroit and Michigan sports fan. With Mike Stone and Wojnowski\'s playful repartee, the show had developed a definite comedic quality with Stone playing straight man to Wojo\'s more clownish comments. The heart of the show was sports and the breaking news of the Detroit sports market was paramount. Included were interviews, where the professional journalism strengths of both Stone and Wojnowski come to the fore. Occasionally, political news was featured, Governor Jennifer Granholm has appeared several times, for example. Stoney and Wojo conducted an annual 28-hour radiothon in support of research for a cure of leukemia and lymphoma. The event was started when Sabrina Black, WDFN update reporter, was diagnosed with lymphoma, and continued after her long battle with the disease lead to her death in 2006. It was typically held in a Metro Detroit restaurant and includes many regular guest appearances including Tony Dungy and Joe Dumars, among many others.
Stoney and Wojo filled in for Jim Rome on the North American syndicated *The Jim Rome Show* on July 13, 2007.
On January 20, 2009, due to cutbacks at Clear Channel, the *Stoney and Wojo Show* was discontinued on WDFN \"The Fan\" in Detroit.
After making appearances on the Drew and Mike Show on WRIF, Wojo joined the evening drive-time show on WXYT-FM on January 23, 2012, accompanied by fellow WDFN alumnus and Fox 2 roundtable partner Jamie Samuelsen for \"The Jamie and Wojo Show\". On September 6, 2016, Samuelsen moved to mornings, joining Wojo\'s former co-host Stoney, and leaving Wojo to run the evening show solo. On June 8, 2017, Kyle \"Bogey\" Bogenschutz joined Wojo\'s show.
In addition to his own show, Wojo has a weekly segment on *Stoney and Jansen* called \"Wednesdays with Wojo\", the title of which parodies the name of fellow Detroit sports columnist and radio personality Mitch Albom\'s book *Tuesdays with Morrie*.
Wojo has a running rivalry with fellow Ticket host Mike Valenti. As Valenti is a graduate of Michigan State University, the two play up the intrastate rivalry between MSU and Wojo\'s alma mater Michigan.
Wojo is a longtime active member of the Detroit Sports Media Association.
## Wojodamus
Wojnowski also predicts final scores of big Detroit sporting events under the name \"Wojodamus\" (a play on Nostradamus). One of Wojodamus\' first predictions was Arizona State\'s upset of the top ranked Nebraska Cornhuskers during the 1996 college football season. The loss ended Nebraska\'s 26 game winning streak. Wojodamus correctly predicted the Detroit Pistons\' selection of Tayshaun Prince in the 2002 NBA draft and the Detroit Lions\' selection of Mike Williams in the 2005 NFL draft. The Wojodamus legend grew as early as 1999 when he went into an on-air trance and predicted the No. 9 nationally ranked Wisconsin Badgers football team would lose to the unranked Cincinnati Bearcats.
On April 9, 2008, Wojodamus correctly predicted the 0--7 Detroit Tigers would win their first game of the 2008 Major League Baseball season against the Boston Red Sox. The Tigers won the game 7--2.
On November 17, 2012 -- even before the matchups were announced -- Wojodamus correctly predicted Alabama would beat Notre Dame 42--14 in the 2013 BCS National Championship Game
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# Rob Broughton
**Rob Broughton** (born 3 March 1983) is an English former mixed martial artist who competed in the heavyweight division. A professional competitor between 2004 and 2015, Broughton is a former British Cage Rage heavyweight champion and has also competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), RINGS, and M-1 Global.
Broughton was sentenced to an eight-year prison term in 2021 for his role as an enforcer for a drug gang.
## Mixed martial arts career {#mixed_martial_arts_career}
### Cage Rage {#cage_rage}
Rob first gained national recognition in 2006 when he became the British Cage Rage Heavyweight Champion, after defeating former PRIDE veteran James Thompson at Cage Rage 17 in Wembley Arena, on just one week\'s notice.
Broughton then went on to defeat Robert Berry via KO and submit the world-renowned and ex-World Super Heavyweight Boxing Champion, Eric Esch in Cage Rage competition. However Broughton\'s win streak was ended against Tengiz Tedoradze, when a cut eye forced a premature end to the bout.
During 2007 Rob sustained a severe injury during training, which prevented him from professional competition for over a year, but on his return to the Cage Rage Championships in March 2008, he showed his potential once again by ending the unbeaten record of Neil Grove at Cage Rage 25 by majority decision.
In October 2008, Broughton then fought the former UFC Heavyweight Champion Ricco Rodriguez in Liverpool. On this occasion Broughton impressed again by avoiding his opponent\'s takedown attempts, whilst dominating early on in the clinch and in top position too. However, despite a promising second round Broughton eventually succumbed to Rodriguez by kneebar, which came as a bitter blow to the Liverpool-based fighter. However this performance has only increased Broughton\'s determination to break through into the world scene.
### M1 Challenge /Global {#m1_challenge_global}
Broughton made his M-1 debut representing Team England on 29 April in Japan, defeating the then unbeaten Japanese fighter Yusuke Kawaguchi by decision after a dominating performance. Then on 5 June he made his second M-1 Challenge appearance defeating Soufian Elgarne via TKO. Elgarne\'s corner withdrew their fighter early on in the bout after Broughton controlled the fight from the start with superior clinch work and striking.
Broughton\'s performances in the M-1 Challenge meant he was called up to the ill-fated Affliction: Trilogy show on 1 August in Los Angeles. However, the event was cancelled, and Broughton\'s fight against Jessie Gibbs was hastily rearranged to the M-1 Global Presents Breakthrough show on 28 August in Kansas City. Broughton, who was hampered by bad flight plans and other logistical issues, was unable to show his true potential in a bout that was broadcast live on HDNet in the US and live over the internet and as a result he lost by decision.
Frustrated by his performance, Broughton immediately requested to fight in the M-1 Challenge semifinals in Russia and despite suffering from injuries and hampered by bad preparation, he was able to claim Team England\'s only win of the night as he submitted the BodogFIGHT veteran Akhmed Sultanov by keylock in round 1 of their bout. Broughton dominated proceedings and totally nullified Sultanov\'s offence and eventually forced the Russian to verbally submit to a shoulder lock. This win saw Broughton increase his M-1 Challenge record to 3--0 and helped him establish his status as one of Europe\'s top Heavyweight prospects.
### ZT Fight Night: Heavyweights Collide {#zt_fight_night_heavyweights_collide}
Broughton participated in the ZT Fight Night: Heavyweights Collide. This event was considered important in the UK domestic scene, to clarify the UK-based number one Heavyweight.
The ZT Fight Night Heavyweight Tournament was a one-night tournament that took place on 31 January 2010. In the opening round he faced off against UFC veteran Neil Wain, submitting Wain with a guillotine choke in the second round. In the semifinals he faced MMA journeyman James Thompson, who was coming off an impressive TKO (punches) win over Tengiz Tedoradze in his opening round. Broughton had defeated Thompson in the past, back in 2006 and the win had made Brougton the British Cage Rage Heavyweight Champion. The man who took the title away from Broughton was Tengiz Tedoradze, who Thompson defeated to face off against Broughton in the tournament. In this bout, Broughton defeated Thompson by KO (Punch) in the second round.
Broughton was next expected to face off against Joe Vedepo, a natural Middleweight who took part in the Heavyweight tournament on a days notice, but Vedepo broke his hand in his semifinals bout against Oli Thompson, which forced him out of the finals. Oli Thompson went on to replace Vedepo and Broughton defeated Oli Thompson in the finals by unanimous decision to win the ZT Fight Night Heavyweight Tournament Championship as well as earning the £10,000 tournament cheque.
After the event, Rob stated that he hoped the bigger organizations such as the UFC and Strikeforce noticed his achievements and hopes of landing a multi-fight contract.
### Ultimate Fighting Championship {#ultimate_fighting_championship}
On 21 April 2010, ESPN UK reported that Broughton and two other Wolfslair MMA Academy teammates had signed with the UFC on a multi-fight contract
His debut was against Vinicius Queiroz at UFC 120 in which he won via rear-naked choke. Queiroz later tested positive for the steroid Stanozolol.
Broughton was expected face promotional newcomer Dave Herman on 11 June 2011 at UFC 131. However, in late March, Broughton was replaced in the bout by Joey Beltran.
Broughton faced Travis Browne on 24 September 2011 at UFC 135 where he lost by unanimous decision.
Broughton made a quick return to the octagon as he replaced Oli Thompson at UFC 138 against Phil De Fries. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.
Broughton was scheduled to face Ednaldo Oliveira on 14 January 2012 at UFC 142, but was forced out of the bout and replaced by Gabriel Gonzaga.
Broughton was expected to face Matt Mitrione on 4 August 2012 at UFC on Fox: Shogun vs. Vera. However, the bout was scrapped after Broughton pulled out for an undisclosed personal matter.
Broughton/Mitrione was briefly linked to UFC on FX 5. However, the bout was scrapped altogether after Broughton was forced out of the bout a second time and as a result, Broughton was released from the promotion.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Rob Broughton has a son and daughter
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# Rob Broughton
## Championships and accomplishments {#championships_and_accomplishments}
- **Cage Rage**
- Cage Rage British Heavyweight Champion
- **ZT Fight Nights**
- ZT Fight Night Heavyweight Tournament Winner (2010)
## Mixed martial arts record {#mixed_martial_arts_record}
\|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 16--7--1 \| Marcin Bocian \| Submission (kimura) \| ICE FC 6: Broughton vs. Bocian \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2015|June|12}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 0:18 \| Manchester, Greater Manchester, England, United Kingdom \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 15--7--1 \| Phil De Fries \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 138 \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2011|November|5}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Birmingham, England, United Kingdom \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 15--6--1 \| Travis Browne \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 135 \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2011|September|24}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Denver, Colorado, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 15--5--1 \| Vinicius Queiroz \| Submission (rear-naked choke) \| UFC 120 \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2010|October|16}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 1:43 \| London, England \| `{{small|Queiroz later tested positive for steroids.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 14--5--1 \| Oli Thompson \| Decision (unanimous) \| ZT Fight Night: Heavyweights Collide \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2010|January|30}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Hove, England \| `{{small|Won the ZT Fight Night Heavyweight tournament.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 13--5--1 \| James Thompson \| KO (punch) \| ZT Fight Night: Heavyweights Collide \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2010|January|30}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 2:28 \| Hove, England \| `{{small|ZT Fight Night Heavyweight Tournament Semifinal Bout}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 12--5--1 \| Neil Wain \| Submission (guillotine choke) \| ZT Fight Night: Heavyweights Collide \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2010|January|30}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 1:16 \| Hove, England \| `{{small|ZT Fight Night Heavyweight Tournament Quarterfinal Bout}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 11--5--1 \| Akhmed Sultanov \| Submission (americana) \| M-1 Challenge 19: 2009 Semifinals \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2009|September|26}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 4:31 \| Rostov Oblast, Russia \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 10--5--1 \| Jessie Gibbs \| Decision (unanimous) \| M-1 Global: Breakthrough \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2009|August|29}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Kansas City, Missouri, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| `{{nowrap|10–4–1}}`{=mediawiki} \| Soufian Elgarne \| TKO (ankle injury) \| M-1 Challenge 16: USA \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2009|June|05}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 2:02 \| Kansas City, Missouri, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 9--4--1 \| Yusuke Kawaguchi \| Decision (unanimous) \| M-1 Challenge 14: Japan \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2009|April|29}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Tokyo, Japan \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 8--4--1 \| Ricco Rodriguez \| Submission (kneebar) \| CG 9: Beatdown \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2008|October|04}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 3:39 \| Liverpool, England \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 8--3--1 \| Neil Grove \| Decision (majority) \| Cage Rage 25 \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2008|March|08}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| London, England \| \|- \| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \| align=center\| 7--3--1 \| Tengiz Tedoradze \| TKO (doctor stoppage) \| Cage Rage 20 \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2007|February|10}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 0:58 \| London, England \| `{{small|Lost Cage Rage British Heavyweight Championship.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 7--2--1 \| Butterbean \| TKO (submission to punches) \| Cage Rage 19 \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2006|December|09}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 3:43 \| London, England \| `{{small|Non-title bout}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 6--2--1 \| Robert Berry \| TKO (punches) \| Cage Rage 18 \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2006|September|30}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 3:33 \| London, England \| `{{small|Defended the Cage Rage British Heavyweight Championship.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \| align=center\| 5--2--1 \| James Thompson \| KO (punches) \| Cage Rage 17 \| `{{dts|format=dmy|2006|July|01}}`{=mediawiki} \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 0:49 \| London, England \| `{{small|Won the Cage Rage British Heavyweight Championship
| 591 |
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# Antonio J. Waring Jr.
**Antonio Johnston Waring Jr.** (August 17, 1915 -- March 21, 1964), was an amateur archaeologist who made significant contributions to the study of pre-historic southeastern Georgia. He is best known for his role in identifying and defining the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, together with Preston Holder. He was a cousin of scholar Joseph Frederick Waring.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Waring was born and received his early education in Savannah and at St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.). When he was thirteen, he first exhibited his interest in archaeology by performing an amateur excavation of the \"Indian King\'s Tomb\" on the outskirts of Savannah. In 1934, he conducted another amateur investigation of \"Mound A\" at a site near Eulonia. Later that year, he entered Yale University where, at first, he majored in English. After graduating in 1938, he decided to follow in his father\'s footsteps and studied to be a pediatrician, a profession he would practice until 1962 despite his increasing involvement in archaeology.
### Early work {#early_work}
The late 1930s were a pivotal point in Waring\'s life due to a revival of interest in Georgian archaeology sparked by the WPA excavations conducted in Macon by A. R. Kelly`{{who|date=January 2013}}`{=mediawiki}. This was the time when he first worked under the direction of Preston Holder, at the Deptford culture \"Irene Site\", near Savannah. They maintained a close working relationship for many years. During the summer of 1939, Waring continued his work in Chatham County on the \"Bilbo Site\", where he was in charge of excavation. This included a complete stratigraphy and proved to be the most thorough work of his career. The remains of fiber-tempered pottery were the most significant find of the excavation.
### Middle years {#middle_years}
After earning his M.D. at Yale University in 1942, he secured an internship through Johns Hopkins University, working at several hospitals in the Baltimore area. Towards the end of World War II, he joined the United States Army Medical Corps as a First Lieutenant. He later held the rank of Captain and served on the Army Typhus Commission in Egypt from 1945 to 1946, where he was able to spend some time exploring the local ruins. After returning from the war, he set up his pediatric practice in Savannah. But he couldn\'t stay away from archaeology for long and, in 1947, helped dig a series of test pits at the \"Refuge Site\" in Jasper County. In 1948, he was made an *Associate in Archaeology* at the University of Georgia and became a *Collaborator* at the Smithsonian Institution.
### Later years {#later_years}
During the last fifteen years of his life, he focused most of his interest on the shell rings of Sapelo Island off the Georgia coast. In 1962, he retired from medicine to dedicate himself entirely to archaeology. During the Spring and Summer of that year, he was professionally employed as a field assistant to Robert S. Neitzel at the \"Fatherland Site\" located near Natchez, Mississippi. This was the only paid archaeological job he ever had. Later he was employed by the Georgia Historical Commission to help research and prepare an exhibit on the Civil War site at Fort McAllister near Richmond Hill.
### Collected papers and the Waring Laboratory {#collected_papers_and_the_waring_laboratory}
Many of his papers, both published and unpublished, continue to be important resources for Georgia archaeologists. These papers were brought together posthumously by Lewis H. Larson and Stephen Williams and were published in 1968 through the Peabody Museum of Harvard University. During the 1980s, Waring's wife gave the rest of her late husband's money and personal papers to the University of West Georgia in Carrollton.
In recognition of his pioneering contributions to Georgian archaeology, the archaeological laboratory of the University of West Georgia was named in his honor in 1992. The lab serves as a repository for nearly 5,000 cubic feet of artifacts and archaeological records
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# St John's Church, Watford
The **Church of St John the Apostle and Evangelist** is a Church of England parish church located in Sutton Road, close to the centre of the busy market town of Watford in Hertfordshire. It is within the Diocese of St Albans and has throughout its history been one of the leading Anglo-Catholic churches in the southeast of England.
Today the church stands in the Modern Catholic tradition, retaining the beauty and immersive character of Anglo-Catholic worship, whilst celebrating the ministry of both women and men, rejoicing that the Church of England ordains people regardless of their gender to be Deacons, Priests and Bishops.
## History
**St John\'s Church, Watford**, dates back to 1873. The ancient parish church of St Mary\'s was extensively restored in 1871, and during this time a temporary tin church was erected in the churchyard. With St Mary\'s re-opened, the tin church was re-erected on some donated ground in Sotheron Road (now Sutton Road). On 23 November 1873 St John\'s Church began.
The temporary building, with seating for 450, attracted a growing number of people, and was considered very \'High Church\' for its day - many of the things that we associate with catholic worship were yet to come, however. The roof of the Tin Church was unfortunately not waterproof, and it was quickly apparent inside when it was raining outside! The idea of a permanent building was raised, and there followed a period of great activity to raise the necessary money. Many people were most generous - more land was given, plans were drawn up and approved and eventually the foundation stone was laid on 17 July 1891. Two years and two days later, on 19 July 1893, John Wogan Festing, Lord Bishop of St Albans, dedicated the fine building. It cost £11,000 to build - a huge sum in those days. In May 1904 St John\'s became a parish church in its own right.
The Church was designed by the architect Eley Emlyn White. It has been a Grade II Listed Building since 1983.
Restoration work has been undertaken in the latter half of the twentieth century. The chancel and sanctuary were restored/cleaned in 1961. The nave and aisles were cleaned and redecorated in memory of the first vicar Canon James who died in 1966. Outside stonework was restored/cleaned in 1973 for the church\'s centenary.
## Images
<File:St> John\'s Sanctuary.jpg <File:St> John\'s view down nave.jpg <File:St> John\'s Lady Chapel.jpg <File:St> John\'s Rood Screen.jpg <File:St> John\'s High Altar.jpg <File:St> John\'s Nave.jpg <File:St> John\'s Church as viewed from Estcourt Road.jpg
St John\'s has a pipe organ built in 1911 by the London firm of J. W. Walker & Sons Ltd. The rood screen was designed by Sir John Ninian Comper (1864--1960). Many other gifts of fine plate silver, vestments, copes, Stations of the Cross, crib figures, statue of The Madonna, glass, and woodwork have been received over the years.
## Regular events and services {#regular_events_and_services}
Services
- Parish Eucharist (Sunday, 10:30)
- Morning Prayer (Monday, 8:00)
- Evening Prayer (Tuesday and Friday, 17:30)
- Said Mass with Lectio Divina (Wednesday, 10:00)
- Said Mass, Exposition and Benediction (2nd Thursday, 19:30)
- Rosary Prayers (3rd Thursday, 19:30)
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# St John's Church, Watford
## St John\'s Primary School {#st_johns_primary_school}
St John's Church of England Primary School is located close to St John\'s church in central Watford. It has a distinct religious designation and a Christian ethos permeates throughout the whole school. It is an inclusive school that welcomes families from a Christian background, all faiths and those of no faith, and like St John\'s church is committed to serving the whole of the community.
The idea for St John\'s school started in 2013 when the then vicar, Rev David Stevenson, listened to local families within the parish who were requesting a Church of England school and a greater choice for local school provision. After much planning, in 2016 a Funding Agreement with the Secretary of State was made and in September that year a founding class of 30 reception children started at the Church Hall in Estcourt Road.
On 3rd September 2018, the school moved into its newly built home at 32 Clarendon Road. It is now a flourishing primary school, welcoming an intake of 60 children every year, and thus providing education for up to 420 children at the heart of our community - all \'Growing Together in Love and Respect\', which is the school\'s mission statement.
In June 2024, Fr Corniel as the new vicar of the parish of St John's, also took on an official role as School Chaplain, working closely with the school to enable each child and staff member to flourish and offer pastoral support.
In September 2024, the school joined the Poppy Academy Trust which will enable it to link with like-minded practitioners and provide new opportunities for children and staff.
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# St John's Church, Watford
## Vicars
- The Rev. J.H. White -- 1873-1898
- The Rt. Rev. John M. Steward - 1898-1904
- The Rev. Canon R.H.L. James -1904-1954
- The Rev. Stanley J. Forrest - 1954-1961
- The Rev. R. Salter - 1962-1998
- The Rev. J. Cope - 1999-2007
- The Rev. E. Lewis - 2008-2010
- The Rev. D.E. Stevenson - 2011--2023
- The Rev C
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# George C. Platt Bridge
The **George C. Platt Memorial Bridge** is a through truss bridge that carries PA 291 (Penrose Avenue) over the Schuylkill River in Southwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was opened to traffic in 1951, replacing a swing bridge to the south which carried Penrose Ferry Road across the river. Originally called the **Penrose Avenue Bridge**, it was renamed in 1979 to honor Civil War hero George Crawford Platt (1842--1912). Today, the Platt Bridge is a key arterial route which carries an average of 56,000 vehicles daily.
In 1967, a steel dividing wall was installed to separate eastbound from westbound traffic lanes. The lack of a barrier led to more than 30 head-on collisions on the bridge between 1964 and 1967. The coming wall was announced by the State Highway Department on November 15, 1967.
The bridge passes over an oil refinery (originally owned by Gulf Oil, then by Sun Oil, now by Philadelphia Energy Solutions). Fires at the refinery have several times imperiled the bridge and even closed it for several hours during the 1975 Philadelphia Gulf refinery fire. On August 17, a fire began in a tank to the northeast of the bridge that was being filled with Venezuelan crude oil. As the fire enveloped much of the refinery, several explosions put a large crack in a smokestack next to the bridge. Officials closed the bridge for several hours, fearing that the stack might collapse or the fire might damage the bridge. Eight firefighters died fighting the fire.
In 1986, two bronze bas-reliefs of Platt\'s visage were mounted on poles at each end of the bridge. The works were commissioned by Platt\'s great-great-grandson, Lawrence Griffin Platt, who raised \$10,000 with the help of a former Gulf Oil executive, and were sculpted by Philadelphia artist Reginald E. Beauchamp. Both were later stolen, the first in 1987, and the second some time later. A \$500 reward offered by the *Philadelphia Daily News* in 2002 was unsuccessful in securing their return.
In June 2011, PennDOT began a three-year, \$42.8 million rehabilitation project to repair and maintain the bridge, enabling it to continue to safely carry vehicular and pedestrian traffic for decades to come. Crews painted the bridge\'s steel truss and structural steel underneath the spans to protect them from the elements. They also rehabilitated and resurfaced the center truss spans; resurfaced concrete approach spans; repair structural steel; replaced or improved expansion joints; repaired concrete piers; repaired and replaced guide rail; and replaced damaged pedestrian railings. During construction, the bridge\'s four lanes were reduced to two; one in each direction. From May 7, 2012, until the completion of construction in June 2014, trucks and buses weighing more than seven tons or carrying hazardous material were banned from using the bridge to minimize the risk of accidents on one-lane sections.
By 2018, the new paint started to peel away from areas of the superstructure above the deck, and the exposed metal began to rust
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# Ontario Highway 72
**King\'s Highway 72**, commonly referred to as **Highway 72**, is a provincially maintained highway in the northern half of the Canadian province of Ontario. The highway connects Highway 17 in Dinorwic with the town of Sioux Lookout, where there are connections with Highway 516 towards Savant Lake and Highway 642 towards Silver Dollar.
Highway 72 was built as a trunk route by 1920, and became a provincial highway in 1937. It has remained largely unchanged since then, aside from the reconstruction and realignment of the Frog Rapids bridge, and the renumbering of the fork towards Hudson as Highway 664. The length of the highway is 68.5 km, the entirety of which is situated in Kenora District. There are no significant settlements between its endpoints.
## Route description {#route_description}
Highway 72 is a 68.5 km route which serves to connect Sioux Lookout with the Trans-Canada Highway. The route begins at Highway 17, on the western edge of Dinorwic. From there it follows an old routing of Highway 17 along the northern edge of the village, but eventually turns to the north into the wilderness. Between this point and south of the Frog Rapids Narrows, where Highway 664 intersects the route, the highways passes through a remote forested region dotted with lakes and muskeg; there is almost no human habitation. After crossing the Frog Rapids Narrows, the highway enters Sioux Lookout. It zig-zags through the town, crossing the old Grand Trunk Railroad, now a Canadian National Railway line, next to a large rail depot. It exits Sioux Lookout, ending at an intersection with the Ed Ariano Bypass, Highway 516 and Highway 642 just east of the town.
## History
Sioux Lookout and Hudson were both originally accessible only by rail and water when they were established as stops on the Grand Trunk Railway shortly after 1900; roads would not reach the remote area until 1920. The road connecting Sioux Lookout and Hudson with the Ignace--Dryden Road was initially under the upkeep of the Department of Northern Development. On April 1, 1937, that department was merged into the Department of Highways (DHO), after which the provincial highway network was expanded into northern Ontario.
Shortly after the merger, the DHO began to assume highways throughout northern Ontario. On October 6, 1937, Highway 72 was established, connecting Highway 17 with both Sioux Lookout and Hudson. On the 1938--39 Official Ontario Road Map, the distance from Dinorwic to Sioux Lookout is listed as 48.0 mi, and from Dinorwic to Hudson as 53.0 mi. This routing remained in place until at least 1953. By 1954, however, the branch leading to Hudson was renumbered as Highway 116. Highway 72 has, aside from minor realignments, remained unchanged since then.
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
`{{ONinttop|maint=MTO|division=Kenora|length_ref=<ref name="km" />}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ONint
| location = Dinorwic
| km = 0.0
| road = {{jcon|Hwy|17|tch=y|city=Kenora|city2=Thunder Bay}}
| notes = Highway 72 southern terminus
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ONint
| location = Sioux Lookout
| lspan = 4
| km = 60.5
| road = {{jcon|Hwy|664|dir=west|town=Hudson|town2=[[Lac Seul First Nation]]}}
| notes =
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Jctbridge
| km = 63.1
| bridge = Crosses [[Frog Rapids Narrows]]
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ONint
| km = 67.2
| road = Ed Ariano Bypass / 1st Avenue
| notes = Highway 72 follows Ed Ariano Bypass
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{ONint
| km = 68
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# Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
**Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials** (**CONSORT**) encompasses various initiatives developed by the CONSORT Group to alleviate the problems arising from inadequate reporting of randomized controlled trials. It is part of the larger EQUATOR Network initiative to enhance the transparency and accuracy of reporting in research.
## CONSORT Statement {#consort_statement}
The main product of the CONSORT Group is the CONSORT Statement, which is an evidence-based, minimum set of recommendations for reporting randomized trials. It offers a standard way for authors to prepare reports of trial findings, facilitating their complete and transparent reporting, reducing the influence of bias on their results, and aiding their critical appraisal and interpretation.
The most recent version of the Statement---the CONSORT 2010 Statement---consists of a 25-item checklist and a participant flow diagram, along with some brief descriptive text. The checklist items focus on reporting how the trial was designed, analyzed, and interpreted; the flow diagram displays the progress of all participants through the trial. The Statement has been translated into several languages.
The CONSORT \"Explanation and Elaboration\" document explains and illustrates the principles underlying the CONSORT Statement. It is strongly recommended that it be used in conjunction with the CONSORT Statement.
Considered an evolving document, the CONSORT Statement is subject to periodic changes as new evidence emerges; the most recent update was published in March 2010. The current definitive version of the CONSORT Statement and up-to-date information on extensions are placed on the CONSORT website.
### Extensions
The main CONSORT Statement is based on the \"standard\" two-group parallel design. Extensions of the CONSORT Statement have been developed to give additional guidance for randomized trials with specific designs (e.g., cluster randomized trials, noninferiority and equivalence trials, pragmatic trials), data (e.g., harms, abstracts), type of target outcome, and various types of intervention (e.g., herbals, non-pharmacologic treatments, acupuncture). A number of guidelines have been designed to complement CONSORT, including TIDieR (encouraging adequate descriptions of interventions) and TIDieR-Placebo (encouraging adequate descriptions of placebo or sham controls). This list is by no means exhaustive, and work is ongoing.
## History
In 1993, 30 experts---medical journal editors, clinical trialists, epidemiologists, and methodologists---met in Ottawa, Canada to discuss ways of improving the reporting of randomized trials. This meeting resulted in the Standardized Reporting of Trials (SORT) statement, a 32-item checklist and flow diagram in which investigators were encouraged to report on how randomized trials were conducted.
Concurrently, and independently, another group of experts, the Asilomar Working Group on Recommendations for Reporting of Clinical Trials in the Biomedical Literature, convened in California, USA, and were working on a similar mandate. This group also published recommendations for authors reporting randomized trials.
At the suggestion of Dr. Drummond Rennie, from JAMA, in 1995 representatives from both these groups met in Chicago, USA, with the aim of merging the best of the SORT and Asilomar proposals into a single, coherent evidence-based recommendation. This resulted in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement, which was first published in 1996. Further meetings of the CONSORT Group in 1999 and 2000 led to the publication of the revised CONSORT Statement in 2001.
Since the revision in 2001, the evidence base to inform CONSORT has grown considerably; empirical data highlighting new concerns regarding the reporting of randomized trials. Therefore, a third CONSORT Group meeting was held in 2007, resulting in publication of a newly revised CONSORT Statement and explanatory document in 2010. Users of the guideline are strongly recommended to refer to the most up-to-date version while writing or interpreting reports of clinical trials.
## Impact
The CONSORT Statement has gained considerable support since its inception in 1996. Over 600 journals and editorial groups worldwide now endorse it, including The Lancet, BMJ, JAMA, New England Journal of Medicine, World Association of Medical Editors, and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. The 2001 revised Statement has been cited over 1,200 times and the accompanying explanatory document over 500 times. Another indication of CONSORT\'s impact is reflected in the approximately 17,500 hits per month that the CONSORT website has received. It has also recently been published as a book for those involved in the planning, conducting and interpretation of clinical trials.
A 2006 systematic review suggest that use of the CONSORT checklist is associated with improved reporting of randomized trials.
Similar initiatives to improve the reporting of other types of research have arisen after the introduction of CONSORT. They include: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD), Strengthening the Reporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), Transparent Reporting of a multivariable model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD+AI), Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE), among others. These reporting guidelines have been incorporated into the EQUATOR Network initiative to enhance the transparent and accurate reporting of research studies
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# A123 Hymotion
**A123 Hymotion** is a subsidiary company of A123Systems.
## History
It was founded in 2005 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, as **Hymotion**. It introduced plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) upgrade kits in February 2006. In February 2007, Hymotion was acquired by *A123Systems*, the manufacturer of the batteries that Hymotion uses for upgrades.
## Products
Designed for the Toyota Prius and the Ford Escape and Mariner Hybrids, these kits can be purchased by individuals for the Prius and professionally installed by 17 different certified companies in Canada and the United States
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# Reggie Rembert
**Reginald Bernard Rembert** (born December 25, 1966) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected in the second round (28th overall) of the 1990 NFL draft by the New York Jets. He played college football for the West Virginia Mountaineers.
Rembert played only three of four seasons in the NFL. He did not play as a rookie, as he never signed with the Jets and was traded to the Cincinnati Bengals.
## Early life {#early_life}
Rembert began his football career at the age of seven, when he joined a Pee Wee league. He became the Most Valuable Player, but was cut from his seventh-grade team.
To begin his high school career, Rembert played tailback. However, in his senior year, he was moved to receiver. Then at 6\'4\" and 160-pounds, he recorded 15 touchdown receptions and All-State honors, but could not qualify for a scholarship.
## College career {#college_career}
### Start at West Virginia {#start_at_west_virginia}
After being named an All-American at the Independence Community College junior college, Rembert was picked up in the summer of 1987 by the Mountaineers and enrolled at West Virginia for the 1988 season. He was coached by receivers coach Doc Holliday, and was reported by Holliday to have run a 4.3 40-yard dash.
### Junior (Juco. transfer 1988) {#junior_juco._transfer_1988}
As a junior, Rembert was All-American quarterback Major Harris\' favorite target for the Fiesta Bowl-bound Mountaineers. He reeled in 23 passes for 516 yards and seven touchdowns as a major deep threat, averaging 22.7 yards per catch. He also ran the end-around nine times for 144 yards and two touchdowns. After the season, he made the Associated Press All-East Team. at independence community college.
### Senior (1989) {#senior_1989}
As a senior in 1989, Rembert increased his numbers to 47 catches for 850 yards and 11 touchdowns. His best game was against Pitt in the Backyard Brawl, when he caught a career-high 145 yards on five receptions.
Rembert is often considered one of the greatest Mountaineer receivers in the university\'s football history, along with other greats such as Jerry Porter and Chris Henry. Rembert ended his career close to many West Virginia football records, and is ranked high on many of the career receiving statistic lists.
### Career statistics {#career_statistics}
Rembert ranks 16th on WVU\'s all-time leading receivers.
---------- ----------------------------
**Year** **Team**
1988 West Virginia Mountaineers
1989 West Virginia Mountaineers
Total
---------- ----------------------------
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### New York Jets {#new_york_jets}
Rembert was selected by the New York Jets in the second round, 28th overall in the 1990 NFL draft. Rembert never played during the 1990 season for the Jets as they were unable to come to an agreement on a contract, and eventually his rights were traded to the Cincinnati Bengals before the 1991 NFL season.
### Cincinnati Bengals {#cincinnati_bengals}
Rembert was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals for the 1991 season. Although he played in all 16 games, Rembert only recorded nine receptions for 117 yards and a touchdown. The following season, 1992, Rembert only played in nine games, but had his best statistical season of his career. He caught 19 passes for 219 yards on the season from quarterback Boomer Esiason, who was playing his final season in Cincinnati.
In Rembert\'s final season, 1993, he played in just three games. He recorded eight receptions for 101 yards to end his career.
### Career statistics {#career_statistics_1}
---------- --------------------
**Year** **Team**
1990 New York Jets
1991 Cincinnati Bengals
1992 Cincinnati Bengals
1993 Cincinnati Bengals
Total
---------- --------------------
## Personal
Rembert is considered one of the all-time \"Impact Recruits\" for WVU, ranking in at #7.
He has five children, one of whom, Reggie, was a walk-on at West Virginia and played wide receiver
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# Tommy Fitzgerald
**Tommy Fitzgerald** (born 2 January 1970) was an Irish soccer player during the 1990s.
## Career
Tommy was brought up in the pimlico area of South Dublin and served his time in schoolboy football with the likes of OLV and Lourdes Celtic before going cross-channel to join Tottenham Hotspur at the age of 16 as a trainee. Tommy turned pro after six months.
Tommy played in a strong youth team at Spurs alongside the likes of Guy Butters and was a regular in their reserves but couldn\'t make the breakthrough to the first team scoring 50 goals from 50 app and went out on loan to( Fc copenhagen) was released after 3 seasons in London.
Fitzgerald decided to return home despite an offer from fc Copenhagen in Denmark and David Webb\'s Southend United and he signed for Shelbourne. He made his debut for Shels on 3 September 1989. He was in and out of the starting line up during his time at Tolka Park and went on loan to Waterford United and then Limerick City in his second season at Shels.
He impressed while on loan at Limerick and signed for them in time for the 1991/92 season. He made 23 appearances in the league that season scoring 12 times as Limerick won the First Division Title under the management of Sam Allardyce. This form impressed Eamonn Gregg who signed him for Bohemians in the summer of 1992.Tommy had to retire due to injury on right knee with Longford town in 1996
## International career {#international_career}
Tommy won 2 Republic of Ireland Under-21 caps in 1989, against Senegal and France \"B\"
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11,087,296 |
# The Wolf (magazine)
**\'\'The Wolf***magazine was an independent poetry magazine published twice a year and based in England. Established in April 2002 by Nicholas Cobic and James Byrne,*The Wolf*published hundreds of new poets alongside more established writers from across the world. Poets featured included Adonis, Derek Walcott, Carolyn Forche, Charles Bernstein, John Kinsella, C.D. Wright, Niall McDevitt, Geraldine Monk, Ishion Hutchinson and Ilya Kaminsky. A strong regard for international poetry, critical prose, activist, transnational and transatlantic poetics and poetry in translation was central to*The Wolf\'\'\'s aesthetic. It regularly featured introductions to contemporary poetries across the world, including writing from Burmese, Cuban, Syrian, Ukrainian and Croatian poets.
The magazine included interviews with leading contemporary poets, poems, translations, book reviews and critical prose. Its critical work included pieces on Anne Carson, Muriel Rukeyser, John Ashbery, Kay Boyle, plus interviews with Charles Bernstein, Vahni Capildeo, Marilyn Hacker, Robert Sheppard and Yusef Komunyakaa, among others. Additionally, *The Wolf* featured contemporary art work with an artist-in-residence in each of its 35 issues, printing a centrefold of original work. Reem Yassouf, Patricia Farrell and Marcela Ramirez-Aza were among the artists who published prints of their work in the magazine.
*The Wolf* magazine was, in 2008, given the support of the Arts Council, England. In 2010 it became fully independent again, relying entirely upon subscriptions. Nicholas Cobic and Byrne were co-Editors from 2002-2005 (issue 1-9). From 2008-2017 Sandeep Parmar was the Reviews Editor of the magazine whilst Byrne continued as Editor (issue 17-35). Issues 22-24 were published in New York City whilst the magazine editors were based there. \'The Wolf: A Decade (2002-2012)\' was launched at Poetry Parnassus in London and featured readings from Nicholas Cobic, Ishion Hutchinson, Valzhyna Mort, Alvin Pang, Ilya Kaminsky and Sandeep Parmar. The magazine was known to organise tour events on both sides of the Atlantic. Several writers including Alibhe Darcy, Kate Potts and Siddhartha Bose participated in *The Wolf Workshops* between 2007 and 2008.
In October 2017, after fifteen years in circulation, *The Wolf* announced that it had published its final print issue
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| 0 |
11,087,300 |
# Extreme Baseball
**Extreme Baseball**, also known as **Double Diamond Baseball**, is a sport based on traditional baseball. The main difference is that both teams are on the field at the same time. Pitchers from each team take turns pitching to batters at two adjacent home plates. One team runs around the bases in the normal counterclockwise direction, while the other team runs around bases in a clockwise direction. The world premier game took place on May 5, 2007 at Historic Sanford Memorial Stadium in Sanford, Florida.
Extreme Baseball was conceived and developed by Phillip Weidner. In 2006, Weidner applied for a United States patent on the extreme baseball concept and the patent was approved in February, 2010. Extreme Baseball teams from Saint Petersburg, Florida, Orlando, Florida, and Miami, Florida were competing as of 2007 in the National Xtreme Baseball League. ON JUNE 13, 2008 Dannier Reyes of the National Xtreme Baseball League\'s Orlando Dragons made NXBL History by hitting the 1st Double Duel Semi \"Grand\" Slam. A Semi Grand Slam occurs in Xtreme Baseball Double Duel Mode when the bases are full on one diamond and with two base runners on the other diamond. It was just one base runner short of a Mega Grand Slam which occurs when both diamonds are full. The league ceased operations sometime during or after 2011; the league\'s website includes schedules up to 2011, but as of 2021 the website\'s front page features the statement, \"The league is currently for sale and has ceased operations until a new owner is obtained
| 258 |
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| 0 |
11,087,301 |
# Cotechino
***Cotechino*** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|oʊ|t|ᵻ|ˈ|k|iː|n|oʊ|,_|-|t|eɪ|ˈ|-}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPA|it|koteˈkiːno|lang}}`{=mediawiki}) is a large Italian pork sausage requiring slow cooking; usually it is simmered at low heat for several hours. Its name comes from *cotica* (\'rind\'), but it may take different names depending on its various locations of production. Traditionally, it is served with lentils or mashed potatoes. Lentils are the common choice on New Year\'s Eve, because their shape is said to resemble coins and thus to be a sign of prosperity in the coming year.
It is prepared by filling the natural casing with rind, pork meat (usually secondary cuts), and fat mixed with salt and spices; in industrial production, nitrites and nitrates are added as preservatives. Some similar sausages exist in the Italian cooking tradition, for example *musetto* and *zampone* which are made with different cuts and parts of the pig, *musetto* being made with meat taken from the pig\'s muzzle, and *zampone*, which is encased in the lower part of a pig\'s trotter, partly boned and with the rind stitched together at the top.
## Varieties of *cotechino* {#varieties_of_cotechino}
*Cotechino Modena* has PGI status, meaning its recipe and production are preserved under Italian and European law
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| 0 |
11,087,307 |
# Athamanika
**Athamanika** or **Tzoumerka** (Greek: Αθαμανικά or Τζουμέρκα) is a mountain range in northwestern Greece, part of the wider Pindus mountain range. Its highest point is the mountain Kakarditsa, at 2,429 m. Its length is approximately 40 km from north to south and its width is approximately 15 to 20 km from east to west. The only major road crossing the Athamanika is the Greek National Road 30 (Arta - Trikala - Karditsa - Volos).
## Geography
The Athamanika is situated on the borders of the regional units of Arta, Ioannina, Karditsa and Trikala. It covers (part of) the municipalities North Tzoumerka, Central Tzoumerka, Pyli and Argithea.
It has a low population density. Forests dominate the low-lying areas of the mountain. Grasslands, shrubs and barren rocks dominate the higher elevations. The main rivers draining the Athamanika are the Arachthos in the west, and the Achelous in the east.
## History
The Athamanika mountain range became the main base of the EDES resistance organization during the Axis occupation of Greece (1941-1944)
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# Bernard Fagg
**Bernard Evelyn Buller Fagg** MBE, (8 December 1915 -- 14 August 1987) was a British archaeologist and museum curator who undertook extensive work in Nigeria before and after the Second World War.
## Biography
Fagg was born in Upper Norwood to antiquarian bookseller William Percy Fagg and his wife Lilian Fagg (née Buller). His brother was William Buller Fagg. Bernard Fagg studied classics, archaeology and anthropology at Downing College, University of Cambridge. After graduation he began to work for the British colonial administration in Jos, Nigeria, in 1939. He excavated the Rop rock shelter on the Jos Plateau in 1944, a site that contained both early stone-age implements and later artifacts, including pottery about 2000 years old. Fagg first encountered archaeological finds of what became later known as the Nok culture, after the village of Nok where the first terracotta figurines where found. He undertook a controlled excavation of the site at Taruga, finding both terracotta figurines and iron slag with radiocarbon dates from about the fourth and third centuries BC.
In 1947 Fagg was appointed as the assistant surveyor of antiquities of the newly founded Department of Antiquities of the colonial administration. In 1952 he founded the National Museum in Jos, the first public museum in Nigeria. Along with Walker Evans and Eliot Elisofon, he contributed photographs to Bollingen\'s *African Folktales and Culture*. He became head in 1957 after the first director Kenneth Murray retired. After Nigeria became independent, Fagg became the Curator of the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford in 1963.
## A new Pitt Rivers Museum {#a_new_pitt_rivers_museum}
Much of Fagg\'s time in Oxford was spent trying to raise funds for a new Pitt Rivers Museum building in Oxford to replace the original building, but in the north of the city along the Banbury Road. The project, which ultimately failed, was to define Fagg\'s curatorship. However, Fagg was seen by many in Oxford as the right person to spearhead such an initiative. As a subsequent Curator of the Museum Schuyler Jones said, \'there was a general feeling that the Museum had outgrown its first Oxford home and that two things were needed: an imaginative scheme for a new museum, and someone with experience and energy to guide it through to completion.\' Other leading authorities were equally enthused by the prospect of the new scheme, Jaquetta Hawkes writing that:
\"It may be that of late the distinguished and enthusiastic curator, Mr Bernard Fagg, has been, if not deliberately adding to the sense of congestion, at least not officiously striving to relieve it. For there is now a glorious probability that a new Pitt Rivers Museum will arise in Oxford, a place where the marvellous collections could be properly spaced, well lit and in every way displayed in a manner worthy of their quality.\"
Plans reached a considerable stage of advancement by the end of the 1960s with architectural drawings by Pier Luigi Nervi and some high profile supporters. However the ambitious project was eventually shelved due to a lack of funding, as well as Fagg\'s own health issues following a stroke in May 1968. He retired from this post in December 1975.
## Legacy
Bernard Fagg is commemorated in the scientific name of species of lizard, *Lygodactylus bernardi*
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11,087,323 |
# Doukissa Nomikou
**Doukissa Nomikou** (Greek: Δούκισσα Νομικού: born November 7, 1986) is a Greek TV host, model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Star Hellas 2007 and represented her country at the Miss Universe 2007 pageant in Mexico.
From 2012 to 2017, she was the co-presenter of the TV show *OLA* next to Themos Anastasiadis. Also, she presented the Greek versions of shows *Dancing with the Stars* and *So You Think You Can Dance*.
Since 2017, is the ambassador of L\'Oreal Paris. In September 2018, she participated in Paris Fashion Week for the Le Défilé Fashion Show of L\'Oreal Paris with Doutzen Kroes and Eva Longoria. Since 2018, is also ambassador of organization *Mazi Gia To Paidi*, which helps poor kids and their families.
## Early life {#early_life}
Nomikou was born on November 7, 1986, in Athens to singer Nikos Nomikos and housewife Anastasia Nomikou (née Piperopoulou). Her mother is German-Greek and her father is Greek from Schinousa island. She has an older brother, Nikitas (b. 1985). After school, Nomikou studied at Economical University of Athens and graduated in 2014. Along with her studies, began her modeling career with Cristy Crana\'s agency.
## Career
### Television
On May 3, 2007, Nomikou participated in ANT1\'s beauty pageant and she crowned Miss Star Hellas. After that, she represented Greece in Miss Universe beauty pageant in Mexico.\
In 2008, Nomikou did her debut as TV presenter, with TV show *LifeStyle* on Alter Channel, where she was co-presenter of Nikos Papadakis. The next season she was a cast member of *Omorfos kosmos to proi* as co-presenter of Grigoris Arnaoutoglou with Katerina Kainourgiou, Dimitris Ouggarezos and Maria Arabatzi. In 2009, she did a guest appearance on the series *I Polykatoikia* and was the ambassador of Veet creams. In 2010--2011 Nomikou was the presenter of green room on talent show *Just The 2 Of Us*, where the main presenter was Giorgos Kapoutzidis. In October 2011, she began to present again the TV show *LifeStyle* but the project ended because of the channel\'s economic problems.
In 2012, Nomikou went to channel ANT1 and she began to present the TV show *Laugh Attack* with Panagiotis Chatzidakis. From 2012 to 2017 she was the co-presenter of the TV show *Laugh Attack* next to Themos Anastasiadis and Vaggelis Perris. In 2014 worked with company Johnson\'s Radiant Essentials for its commercials. From 2013 to 2015, she presented the Greek version of *Dancing with the Stars*. From autumn 2015 to winter 2016, she presented the TV show *Joy* but stopped because problems with the production. After that, in spring 2017, Nomikou presented the Greek version of talent show *So You Think You Can Dance*. The judges were Eleni Foureira, Ioannis Melissanidis, Konstantinos Rigos and Panos Metaxopoulos.
Since 2021, she hosts the show *Super Makeover* on Skai TV. In the show includes also four experts, make up expert Pantelis Toutountzis, fashion stylist expert Elena Papastavrou, hair stylist expert Sofia Nomikou and the counseling psychologist expert Maria Houdalaki. In 2021, on the same channel, Nomikou hosted only the live shows of the seventh season of the show *The Voice of Greece*, where the host of the show Giorgos Lianos, could not present the show, because he was absent in the Dominican Republic, where he was presenting the eighth season of the show Survivor Greece.
### Theatre and Cinema {#theatre_and_cinema}
Her theatre debut as an actress was in 2014, when she played the role of Beautiful Helen in theatrical play *Troikos Polemos* (Trojan War) with Andinoos Albanis.
In cinema, Nomikou has appeared in two movies. *I Limouzina* (2014) and *I Kori Tou Rebrant* (2015).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
From 2008 to 2010, Nomikou had been in a relationship with Greek singer Nino.
In 2014, Nomikou began dating entrepreneur Dimitris Theodoridis, who is Savvas Theodoridis\'s son. The couple was married on June 10, 2017 in Mykonos island and after that, Nomikou changed her name on Instagram to Doukissa Nomikou Theodoridi. On March 25, 2018, Nomikou gave birth to their first child, a son, Savvas Theodoridis and on September 26, 2019, gave birth to their second child, a daughter, Anastasia Theodoridi.
Nomikou\'s sister-in-law is Serbian-Greek model and entrepreneur Anna Prelevic
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# Colin Falconer (bishop)
**Colin Falconer** (1623--1686) was a 17th-century Scottish minister and Church of Scotland bishop.
## Life
Born in 1623, he was the son of Beatrix Falconer *née* Dunbar and her husband William Falconer of Dunduff. He graduated in the liberal arts at St Leonard\'s College, University of St Andrews, and moved on to become a clergyman. His first charge, Essil parish church in the diocese of Moray, was held until he was translated to Forres parish.
He held this position until, on 5 September 1679, he was elevated to episcopal rank, having been selected as the new Bishop of Argyll. He did not hold this position for very long, as he was translated to the wealthier diocese of Moray in February the following year. Bishop Falconer had a good reputation for his hospitality and piety, and well as his diplomatic skills. He remained Bishop of Moray until his death at Spynie Castle on 11 November 1686, aged 63 years old. His body was buried in the south aisle of St Giles parish church in Elgin.
## Family
He married a daughter of Rose of Clava. He was great-great-grandfather of Sir Hugh Innes who erected a monument to Falconer in Elgin Cathedral
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11,087,363 |
# 2002 Ronde van Nederland
{{ Infobox cycling season \| name = 2002 Ronde van Nederland \| edition = 42 \| competition = Ronde van Nederland \| image = \| image_caption = \| image_alt = \| dates = 20 - 24 August \| location = Utrecht to Landgraaf \| rounds = 6 \| individual_champion = `{{flagicon|Luxembourg}}`{=mediawiki} Kim Kirchen \| individual_champion_team = \| male_individual_champion = \| male_individual_champion_team = \| female_individual_champion = \| female_individual_champion_team = \| teams_champion = \| nations_champion =
\| previous = 2001 \| next = 2003 }} These are the results for the 42nd edition of the **Ronde van Nederland** cycling race, which was held from 20 to 24 August 2002. The race started in Utrecht and finished in Landgraaf.
## Stages
### 20-08-2002: Utrecht-Leeuwarden, 220 km {#utrecht_leeuwarden_220_km}
### 21-08-2002: Dokkum-Apeldoorn, 176 km {#dokkum_apeldoorn_176_km}
### 22-08-2002: Apeldoorn-Almelo, 74 km {#apeldoorn_almelo_74_km}
### 22-08-2002: Almelo-Almelo, 19 km {#almelo_almelo_19_km}
### 23-08-2002: Arnhem-Sittard/Geleen, 198 km {#arnhem_sittardgeleen_198_km}
### 24-08-2002: Sittard/Geleen-Landgraaf, 205 km {#sittardgeleen_landgraaf_205_km}
## Final classification {#final_classification}
RANK NAME CYCLIST TEAM TIME
------ -------------- ------------------- --------------
1\. Fassa Bortolo **19:53:04**
2\. Rabobank **+ 0.04**
3\. US Postal Service **+ 0.14**
4\. Mapei-Quick Step **+ 0.17**
5\. Deutsche Telekom **+ 0.19**
6\. Rabobank **+ 0.20**
7\. Fassa Bortolo **---**
8\. EDS-fakta **+ 0.30**
9\. US Postal Service **+ 0.33**
10\. CSC-Tiscali **+ 0
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2002 Ronde van Nederland
| 0 |
11,087,369 |
# Michele Di Ruberto
**Michele Di Ruberto** (28 August 1934 -- 26 April 2025) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.
Di Ruberto was born in Pietramontecorvino, and was ordained to the priesthood on 29 September 1957. He graduated from the Pontifical Lateran University and the University of Naples, and then entered the Roman Curia in the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in 1969. In 1984, Di Ruberto was placed in charge of verifying miracles attributed to candidates for canonization, and in 1993 was named the Congregation\'s Undersecretary.
On 5 May 2007, he was appointed Secretary of Causes of Saints and Titular Archbishop of *Biccari* by Pope Benedict XVI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 30 June from Cardinal Secretary of State Tarcisio Bertone, SDB, with Cardinal José Saraiva Martins and Bishop Francesco Zerrillo serving as co-consecrators.
Di Ruberto was an expert in canon and civil law. He died in Rome on 26 April 2025, at the age of 90
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Michele Di Ruberto
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