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<s>[INST] context: It was four o'clock when we left Micatlan,and we traveled quickly until it became almost completely dark.It was our intention to return to our general quarters in Atlacomulco that night.We had a long journey ahead of us,especially because it had been decided there was no way we would try to cross the ravines again at night,since they were considered far too dangerous.Futhermore,an eclipse of the moon was expected,and,in fact,while we were crossing an open field,the moon appeared on the horizon,half in shadow,a rare and beautiful sight.
After a few hours of riding,we suddenly realized that we had lost our way,and worse still,had no way of finding it again.Night had fallen and there was not a single hut in sight,only great plains and mountains and the lowing of distant bulls all around us.We continued on ahead,trusting in luck,though it was difficult to say where she had brought us.By good fortune,our advance riders ran into two Indians,a man and a boy,who agreed to guide us their village and no further.
After an interminable and exhausting road,which we traveled at a brisk trot,the barking of several dogs announced an Indian village.In the dying light,we could just make out cane huts,firmly situated between the banana trees,with fenced gardens in front of each one.Our convoy stopped in front of one particular hut,a kind of inn or shop for alcohol,where a naked goblin-like figure,the ideal husband for a witch,was serving cheap brandy to the Indians,most of whom were already drunk.
We dismounted and threw ourselves to the ground,too tired to even think.Someone found us,God knows how,a cup of dreadful hot chocolate.We began to realize that we were completely lost,and so it was agreed to give up our attempt to reach Atlacomulco that night.Instead,we should head for the village of "E1 Puente",where our guides know a Spanish family,made up of several unmarried brothers,who,without any doubt,would be delighted to offer us a safe refuge for the rest of the night.We remounted and began our journey,a little restored after the pause in our journey and the dreadful hot chocolate. [/INST] question: Where did we travel to? | options: A: El Puente B: The cane huts C: Atlacomulco D: An Indian Village | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Amphotericin B (AMB) It is obtained from Streptomyces nodosus. Chemistry and mechanism of action The polyenes possess a macrocyclic ring, one side of which has several conjugated double bonds and is highly lipophilic, while the other side is hydrophilic with many OH groups. Antifungal spectrum AMB is active against a wide range of yeasts and fungi-Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Torulopsis, Rhodotorula, Aspergillus, Sporothrix, etc. Dermatophytes are inhibited in vitro, but concentrations of AMB attained in infected skin are low and ineffective. It is fungicidal at high and static at low concentrations. Resistance to AMB during therapy has been rarely noted among Candida in a selected group of leucopenic cancer patients, but it is not a problem in the clinical use of the drug. AMB is also active on various species of Leishmania. ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY K.D.TRIPATHI SIXTH EDITION PAGE NO:757,758 [/INST] question: Treatment of choice for coccidioidomycosis is: | options: A: Amphotericin B: Fluconazole C: Flucytosine D: Griseofulvin | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: (Autosomal dominant) (390, 694-70-H 16th) (1797,1799-H17th)* Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney: Prevalence 1 : 300 to 1 : 1000 some of 90% of cases are inherited as autosomal dominant and 10% are spontaneous mutation.* Autosomal recessive poly cystic kidney - is rare genetic disease with a incidence of 1 : 20,000 births.Autosomal dominant form is common than recessive formAutosomal dominantAutosomal Recessive* Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) familial breast and ovarian cancer, familial melanoma basal cell nervus, syndrome, factor V, Leiden, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Long Q.T. Syndrome, Marfan's syndrome, Primary pulmonary hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, Neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, Maturity onset DM, familial hypocalciuric hyper calcemia, MEN type II, Malignant hyperthermia, Familial parkinson's disease, Von Hippel's Lindav disease, Medullary cystic disease, Liddle's syndrome* Familial Mediterranean fever, Hemochromatosis, a - 1 AT deficiency, 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Nephronophthisis, Barter's syndrome, Gitelman's syndrome, vitamin D- dependent rickets type I, Fanconi syndrome. [/INST] question: Polycystic kidney is: | options: A: Autosomal dominant B: Autosomal recessive C: X-linked recessive D: Sporadic | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Xylitol is a sweetener that inhibits the growth of MS. Numerous studies seem to confirm its anticariogenic capability. Clinically effective levels of xylitol show MS strains with reduced adhesion to the teeth and other reduced virulence properties, such as less acid production.Xylitol has been tested as an additive to a variety of foods and to dentifrices. However, the vast majority of published data come from studies in which xylitol was incorporated into chewing gum. Mäkinen has reported numerous studies on the topic, most of them performed with many different co-workers in different parts of the world. In 2000 he published a concise summary entitled, “The Rocky Road of Xylitol to Its Clinical Application.” A recent evidence-based review concluded that there is insufficient evidence that the use of xylitol gum, chlorhexidine varnish or gel, or calcium supplementation in mothers lowers the incidence of caries in their children. Clinicians may consider recommending xylitol use to moderate- or high-caries-risk patients. Those recommending xylitol should be familiar with the product labeling and recommend age-appropriate products. They should routinely reassess a child for changes in caries-risk status and adjust recommendations accordingly. [/INST] question: Which of the following is anticarious in nature | options: A: Sucrose B: Xylitol C: Complex carbohydrates D: Glucose | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In a newborn child, it is possible to dorsiflex and evert the foot till the dorsum of the foot touches the anterior surface of the tibia. This is not possible in CTEV. This is known as ‘dorsiflexion test' and can be used as a screening test.
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita is a rare congenital disorder that is characterized by multiple joint contractures and muscle atrophy and fibrosis. It is a non-progressive disease. CTEV can be seen as one of the components of AMC. So AMC can also be the answer but since it's much rarer than CTEV and in the question, other joints involvement is not mentioned, the answer would be `CTEV'.
Congenital vertical talus is a rare disease usually affecting both feet, characterized by rigid flatfoot deformity, with the plantar aspect of the foot having a convex contour. The heel is in valgus, and the forefoot is abducted and dorsiflexed. In the newborn having this condition, the dorsal aspect of the foot may be in close approximation to the distal aspect of the tibia.
Flat foot or Pes planus is a condition characterized by varying degrees of loss of the longitudinal arch of the foot. This condition can be normal which usually disappears as the child grows, or can be pathological as seen in Congenital vertical talus, tarsal coalition, inflammatory joint disorder or a neurological disorder. [/INST] question: A newborn child presents with inverted foot and the dorsum of the foot cannot touch the anterior tibia. The most probable diagnosis is - | options: A: Congenital vertical talus B: Arthrogryposis Multiplex C: CTEV D: Flat foot | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: National Family Week-an event that encourages families to spend more time together-carried out a study among 8-15 yearolds.The study found 40% of girls thought Facebook was one of the most important things in their lives-compared with 6% of boys.Parents were found to underestimate the importance of Internet technology.
The role of social networking was particularly important in families with a single mother as parent.The survey was carried out last month and based on 3,000 parents and 1,000 children across the UK.
The survey shows that girls are using social networking as something central to their social and family life.Girls saw websites such as Facebook as much more influential than television,magazines, famous people and even their own brothers and sisters.Asked to name the three most important things in their lives, the most popular choices for girls were friends, family and then Facebook and MSN.
Girls are also more likely to believe that technology-in the form of social networking and mobile phones-plays an important role in their lives.While 41% of girls think technology is one of their biggest influences,only 17% of boys believe this.
Girls see their big influences as parents,teachers and technology,while boys choose parents,friends and school as their big influences.The survey says that parents have failed to keep up with their children's use of technology,overestimating their own importance in their children's lives.
The survey also looked at how children thought about their relationships with their parents.It found that both boys and girls would much rather have stories read to them by their mothers.However,girls felt closer to their fathers,while boys felt closer to their mothers. [/INST] question: How many people were included in the survey last month? | options: A: 1,000 B: 2,000 C: 3,000 D: 4,000 | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Contests from the Community
Annual Playwright Challenge
Attention, students! Unleash your creativity and writing skill by submitting an original story for an opportunity to have your entry produced as a full-length musical by the Scripps Performing Arts academy this fall. The winner will also get the opportunity to perform in the show or serve as the assistant director of the production. Also, the winner will attend two playwright workshops with the director to work on the musical together. Entries can be submitted in paragraph, story or script form (1-3 pages) to info@ scrippsperformingarts.com with the subject line: Playwright Challenge Entry. For ages 18 & under. Students are allowed to work individually or as a team of two for each submission. Deadline: April 1.
Kids' Poster Contest
The City of San Diego's Public Utilities Department invites students, grades 1-6, to make a poster with the theme: "Sam Diegans Waste No Water. All Days. All Ways. " Three winners will be selected for each grade level and will receive gift cards and a Certificate of Excellence. Also, winning posters will be on display in the lobby of the City Society's Gallery and the San Diego County Fair's Kids Best Art Exhibit. Open to students in the cities of San Diego, Coronado and Imperial Beach. To enter, go to www.wastenowater.org. Deadline: March 28.
Kohl's Cares Scholarship Program
Outstanding young volunteers, ages 6-18, can be rewarded through this annual program. Regional winners will each receive a $1,000 scholarship for higher education, while national winners will each be rewarded a total of $10, 000 in scholarships plus a $ l, 000 donation from Kohl's to a nonprofit of the student's choice. Nominations are now accepted at www.kohlskids.com. Deadline: March 14.
Dream House Raffle
Enter to win a $ 4 million home in Rancho Santa Fe or $ 2.1 million in cash in this annual raffle that includes more than 1,300 prizes to be given away! In addition to the grand prize drawing on May 17, you can also be part of early bird drawing that offer more chances of winning. Next earlybird drawing is on March 19 (entry deadline: March 7). Proceeds benefit Ronald McDonald House Charities of San Diego. For tickets and the list of prizes, visit www.sdraffle.com or call 888-8254-9939. [/INST] question: What do we know about Annual Playwright Challenge? | options: A: It is intended for students aged 6-18 B: One has to submit one's entry before March 14 C: The winner will join in the production of the musical D: Students must work individually for each submission | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: . As the world's largest terrestrial carnivore ,the polar bear is the king of the great white north. Adult males can measure more than 9 feet in length and weigh between 770 and 1,430 pounds. The bear's body and neck are elongated, and the head is narrow and long with small, rounded ears.
Polar bear populations can be found in northern Canada, Greenland, Norway and Russia, and there have been reports that polar bear tracks have been found as far north as the North Pole. The 5,000,000-square-mile range of the polar bear circles the Arctic and contains stretches of open water where seals are easily caught.
Polar bears live on the annual Arctic sea ice that provides a platform from which they can hunt. They hunt seals on the sea ice by breaking into seal dens in the sea ice. The dens aren't visible from above,but seeing is less important than smelling to a polar bear -- with their keen sense of smell,polar bears can sense the breathing holes of seals in their dens beneath the snow and ice. As the southern edge of the Arctic ice cap melts in summer, polar bears are stranded on land and spend their summers fasting ,living off body fat stored from hunting in spring and winter.
It might come as a surprise that this species faces an uncertain future. Climate change is causing the disappearance of sea ice from which polar bears hunt seals. Sea ice in the Arctic is melting earlier and forming later each year. With about 22,000 polar bears living in the wild,the species is not endangered at the moment, but its future is far from certain. People have reached an agreement that controls the hunting of polar bears and directs each nation to protect their habitats, but it does not protect the bears against the biggest man-made threat to their survival : global warming. If current warming trends continue, scientists believe that polar bears may disappear within 100 years. [/INST] question: Polar bears search for seals mainly through their _ . | options: A: eyes B: ears C: noses D: necks | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In the world ,soccer is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.
To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called "Dream World Cups "in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a blue bright sky. They wished each soccer team good luck by drawing the flags of all the countries that would take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some soccer teams would have games there.
Are you a soccer fan ?The World Cup makes more and more people interested in soccer. Teenagers like playing and watching soccer .Many of them love some soccer stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.As Chinese teenagers,if we stick on to our soccer dream,it will come true.Let's take action now. [/INST] question: If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have _ . | options: A: Many soccer fans B: a very good team C: many soccer player D: a big playground | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Every January we celebrate the life of a great man, Martin Luther King who fought for civil rights. He believed that all Americans should be treated fairly, no matter what their skin colors were.
Dr. King was born in 1929 in Atlanta. Because he was black, he could not go to the same schools as white children. Black Americans also had to use separate restrooms, restaurants, theaters and swimming pools in some states.
Dr. King thought this was wrong. He was a Christian minister who worked for equal rights for black people. He helped organize _ to change those unfair laws.
It was a hard fight. Dr. King was attracted and arrested many times. But more and more Americans grew to understand that it was wrong to treat black people differently from white people.
In 1963, Dr. King led many people in a march to Washington, D. C. where there he gave his famous speech "I Have a Dream". He said people should be judged by their hearts, not by their skin colors. His efforts helped bring about new laws to create equal rights for all Americans.
The third Monday of January is a holiday to celebrate the life of Martin Luther King. We should respect his courage in working to improve the lives of so many people. [/INST] question: More Americans realized that it was not _ to treat black people differently from white people. | options: A: important B: unfair C: wrong D: right | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A Meckel's diveiculum is caused by failure of obliteration of the vitello-intestinal duct. It is classically located in the distal ileum within 30 cm of the ileocecal valve, and the structure is a true diveiculum with mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis propria. Many Meckel's diveicula contain ectopic pancreatic tissue or gastric mucosa, and the acid production from the gastric mucosa may be sufficient to produce a small peptic ulcer in adjacent intestinal mucosa. Such small peptic ulcers are occasional sources of mysterious appendicitis-like pain or intestinal bleeding. Peptic ulceration adjacent to a Meckel's diveiculum should be suspected in any child who presents with massive, painless rectal bleeding. Technetium concentrates in gastric mucosa, and the scan in this patient demonstrated a small amount of ectopic gastric mucosa located in the diveiculum.Acute appendicitis is usually very painful and does not typically cause rectal bleeding. A lesion of the cecum would have been revealed by thorough colonoscopy. Failure of upper endoscopy to demonstrate a peptic ulcer of the duodenum makes duodenal disease unlikely. [/INST] question: A 5-year-old child is brought to the emergency room with massive, painless bleeding from the rectum. Colonoscopy fails to demonstrate a lesion in the colon or anus. Upper endoscopy fails to demonstrate esophagitis, gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer. A 99mTc (technetium) scan demonstrates an abnormality in the lower half of the abdomen. Failure of a normal developmental process involving which of the following structures is the most likely cause of this child's bleeding? | options: A: Appendix B: Cecum C: Duodenum D: Ileum | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: (Arterial hypoxia) (75-77-A yadav 4th)Hypoxic hypoxia responds best to oxygen therapy while there is no benefit to oxygen therapy in histotoxic cyanoidpoisoning) hypoxiaClinical presentation of hypoxia is cyanosis, which is produced if reduced Hb level is more than 5g/dl (which roughly corresponds to O2 saturation) < 85 to 90% or pO2 < 50 mmHg) methaemoglobin > 1.5g/dL and sulphaemoglobin >0.5 g/dLCharacteristic features of diffeent types of HvpoxiaFeaturesHypoxic hypoxiaAnemic hypoxiaStagnant hypoxiaHistotoxic hypoxia1. CO2 in arterial bloodReducedNormalNormalNormal2. O2 carrying capacity of bloodNormalReducedNormalNormal3. Rate of blood flowNormalNormalReducedNormal4. Utilization of O2 by tissue100%75%50%Not usefulOXYGEN TOXICITY - toxic radicals of oxygen damage the capillary membrane increasing capillary permeability and ARDS like picture, Abnormality in ciliary transport, absorption atelectasis** and tracheobronchitis, decreased pulmonary compliance**In neonates pulmonary toxicity manifests as bronchopulmonary dysplasia**, Retrolental fibroplasia** (premature neonates (<36 weeks) are greatest risk.* Acute oxygen toxicity may manifest as convulsions this is called as paulbert effectHYPER BARIC OXYGEN : USESA.Poisonings- CO, cyanoid poisoningB.Gas bubble disease- Decompression sickness, Air embolismC.Ischaemia- Crush injury, Ischemic ulcer, Radiation necrosisD.Infections- Clostridial, Mucormycosis, Refractory osteomyelitisE.Others- Oxygen support during lung lavage, Bums cerebral edemaHeliox (80% helium + 20% oxygen) is used for upper air way obstruction like tracheal stenosis [/INST] question: Oxygen therapy is most useful in | options: A: Arterial hypoxia B: Stagnent hypoxia C: Anemic hypoxia D: Cyanide hypoxia | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Hyaline aeriosclerosis Hyaline aeriosclerosis consists of homogenous pink hyaline thickening of the wall of the aerioles with loss of underlying structural detail. Encountered .frequently in elderly patients whether normotensive or hypeensive, hyaline aeriosclerosis is more generalized and more severe in patients with hypeensiondeg. It is also common in diabetesdeg as a pa of the characteristic microangiopathy. Pathogenesis The lesion reflects leakage of plasma components across vascular endothelium and excessive extracellular matrix production by smooth muscle cells secondary to the chronic hemodynamic stress of hypeension or a metabolic stress in diabetes that accentuates endothelial cell injury. Also know Hyperplastic aeriosclerosis It is characteristic of malignant hypeensionQ. There is concentric laminated thickening of aeriolar wall onion thickenine There is mucinous intimal thickening and fibrous intimal thickening. There may be accompanied .fibrinoid deposite with necrosis of the vessel wall --,vfibrinoid necrosisQ. [/INST] question: Commonest histological finding in benign hypeension is aEUR' | options: A: Proliferative endaeritis B: Necrotizing aeriolitis C: Hyaline aeriosclerosis D: Cystic medial necrosis | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Hip hop or rap music started on the street and in the clubs of the New York City in the 1970s. People rap to express how they feel about their lives and problems.
Rapping in class.
Would you like to rap in class? Well, actually hip pop music is played in more than 10,000 schools in the USA. Why? There is a new school program called "Flocabulary" in which teachers use texts and hip hop CDs to help teach different school subjects. The words of the songs are just what students are studying. This makes learning easy and fun. Students and teachers are excited about the good results it has had on exam marks. Mr. Lee, a teacher in a high school, said, "I've used hip hop songs in class, and I have never seen my students so crazy about history! You can't imagine how well they remember what I teach! We even try to write our own songs."
Whose idea was Flocabulary?
Blake Harrison, a high school student, was the first person to come up with the idea of Flocabulary. The word "Flocabulary" comes from the word "flow" and "vocabulary". "Flow" is a rap word for "style", or the way a rapper says the words of a song. "Vocabulary" means the words you have to learn in a language. How did he get the idea? Well, he realized he could remember the words of a hip hop song very easily. So, why not make lessons into songs? Today together with Alex Rappaport, a song writer, Blake produces hip hop songs for math, science and literature . They are now used in schools with great success. [/INST] question: Rap music started _ in the New York City in the 1970s. | options: A: in a high school B: in a music class C: on the street D: in a CD shop | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: What's onOscar Film Themes Symphony Concert
Film highlights accompanied by live performances of movie theme music by the China Opera and Dance Drama Theatre Symphony Orchestra, which has recorded the music for many films. Familiar tunes will come from such flicks as Titanic, Jurassic Park and Waterloo Bridge.
Where: Nationality Cultural Palace Theatre
When: March 8, 7:30 pm
Admission:80-380 yuan
Tel:6528 7674 ext 508
Fantastic View All the Way
The mountains in this area are not very high, but the vistas are excellent. This walk is gentle and very interesting, going through valleys, over passes, along a ridge and through a few little tranquil villages that are located in amazing places. Many sites along the walk offer panoramic view of the surrounding mountains.
Where: Pinggu, northeast of Beijing
When: March 9, meet 8:30 a.m. outside Starbucks at Lido Hotel, or 9 am at Capital Paradise front gate, return 5 p.m.
Admission: adults 150 yuan, children 100 yuan
Tel: 13701003694 Email: fjhikers @ yahoo. com..uk
Spring Greetings
Paintings in bold colors in a traditional Chinese style by young artist Tian Xifeng are displayed to welcome the spring. Tian is a student of famous bird-and-flower painting artist Wang Qing. He has won several prizes at various national painting exhibitions and developed a style emphasizing vivid close-ups of natural scenes.
Where: Melodic Gallery, 14 Jianwai Dajie, opposite Friendship Store
When:till March 31, 9 a.m.- 5 p.m.
Admission: free
Tel: 65188123
Cala, My Dog
Directed by Lu Xuechang, starring Ge You. The story is about a middle- aged working man, known as Lao Er, whose chief source of stability and comfort in life is his dog, Cala . One day, when his wife is out walking Cala, a policeman confiscates the unregistered canine. As Lao Er endeavors to recover his dog , the difficult circumstances of his life are revealed. Chinese with English subtitle .
Where: Dongchuang Theatre, 3 Xinzhongjie, Dongzhimenwai
When: March 13 and 20, 8: 30 p.m.
Admission: 20 yuan
Tel: 64169253 [/INST] question: If you are a music lover you can go to _ on Women's Day. | options: A: Capital Paradise B: Dongchuang Theatre C: Capital Gymnasium D: Nationality Cultural Palace Theatre | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Whether it's for a hobby or profession, photography has always been highly valued. Photography has been around for over a hundred years, but what has recently revolutionized it is digital photography.
A digital camera looks like a film camera, but it works differently. A digital camera takes pictures or a video by using a CCD sensor instead of film. The data about the images are electronically saved on a flash card. Later on, the flash card can be removed from the camera and put into a card reader. The card reader can be plugged into a computer's USB port. The images and videos can then be saved on a computer for viewing, editing, emailing, or printing.
Digital photography received a great deal of criticism in its beginning stages, but with its continued development, it is now capable of producing images of a quality that is similar to. or even better, than that of film photographs. However, what really makes digital photography attractive is its convenience and low cost. Instead of having to go to a lab and waiting to get pictures developed to see what they look like, you can always view the images or-video on the LCD screen that is on the back of the camera. Not only does this feature save time, but it also prevents common mistakes like using a wrong exposure( ) that could ruin an image or video.
With the usage of computer programs like Photoshop, more serious photographers can edit their images without the expense of a darkroom. Digital photography is also friendlier to the environment, as harmful chemicals that are needed in the development of film are not used in digital photography. Printing only the best pictures and not having to buy film make digital photography much cheaper. [/INST] question: In a digital camera, an image is taken by the camera's _ . | options: A: card reader B: film C: CCD sensor D: USB drive | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. (You may read the questions first.)
jaguar: n. a type of large, yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the southwestern region of the U. S. and in Central and South America.
jargon: 1. n. speech that doesn't make sense. 2. n. an unknown language that seems strange or impossible to understand. 3. n. a language made up of two or more other languages: His jargon was a mixture of French and English. 4. n. the special vocabulary of a field or profession: Her report on computers was filled with jargon.
jaunt: 1. n. a trip taken for fun. 2. v. to go on a brief pleasant trip: We jaunted to the country last Saturday.
javelin: 1. n. a spear most commonly used as weapon or in hunting. 2. n. a lightweight metal or wooden spear that is thrown in track-and-field contests. 3. n. the contest in which a javelin is thrown. 4. v. to strike, as with a javelin.
jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang empty talk. 4. ad. of or like jazz: a jazz band, jazz records.
Jennet: n. a small Spanish horse. [/INST] question: Which meaning of the word javelin is used in the sentence below? | options: A: Definition 1 B: Definition 2 C: Definition 3 D: Definition 4 | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Mexico City sits on an inland plateau surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live here.
In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.
Mexico City isn't the first urban centre to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser; it was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.
Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases.
Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good, if short-lived, results. The day after the vehicle-use restrictions were _ , the blue faded back to gray. And then there is the London congestion charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.
For now, Mexico City--named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992--can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help to clean the air. [/INST] question: What makes the air quality of Mexico City a concern for citizens? | options: A: Its population B: Its location C: Its public transportation D: Its government action | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The Red Panda isn't much bigger than an average size house cat. At first you may think it's a bear because of its name. They're actually a member of the raccoon family which you can tell if you look at their appearance. The Red Panda has a long bushy tail that is useful in two ways. It helps them stay balanced when they are high up in the trees and it keeps them warm in cold weather. Their fur is thick and reddish brown, which may be why they're known as the fire fox.
The Red Panda can be found in forested mountains. They're originally from the forested mountain in the Himalayas in India, Nepal and Southern China. Bamboo is the most important part of their diet. They only eat the young leaves and shoots of a bamboo plant. Red Pandas have a very low metabolic rate in order to deal with their low energy diet and cool environmental temperatures.
They're very shy and gentle and don't hang around the wild too much during the day. If they feel endangered, they'll stand on their back legs and make a hissing sound. Red Pandas are good climbers and spend most of their time living mainly in trees. Their claws are very strong and help them hold onto the branches. They sleep in an unusual way by curling up tightly and wrapping their tails around their heads while sitting on a branch. Sometimes they'll sleep with their head beneath their chest and behind their back feet. This is the same position as an American raccoon sleeps. [/INST] question: You can tell that the Red Panda is a member of the raccoon family from _ . | options: A: its name B: its appearance C: its diet D: its living place | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Enzymes catalyze the digestion of proteins
There are two main classes of proteolytic digestive enzymes (proteases):
Endopeptidases hydrolyze peptide bonds between specific amino acids throughout the molecule. They are the first enzymes to act, yielding a larger number of smaller fragments.
- Pepsin in the gastric juice catalyzes hydrolysis of peptide bonds adjacent to amino acids with bulky side-chains (aromatic and branched-chain amino acids and methionine).
- Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and elastase are secreted into the small intestine by the pancreas.
- Trypsin catalyzes hydrolysis of lysine and arginine esters.
- Chymotrypsin catalyzes hydrolysis esters of aromatic amino acids.
- Elastase catalyzes hydrolysis esters of small neutral aliphatic amino acids.
Exopeptidases catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, one at a time, from the ends of peptides.
- Carboxypeptidases, secreted in the pancreatic juice, release amino acids from the free carboxyl terminal.
- Aminopeptidases, secreted by the intestinal mucosal cells, release amino acids from the amino terminal. Dipeptidases and tripeptidases in the brush border of intestinal mucosal cells catalyze the hydrolysis of di-and tripeptides, which are not substrates for amino-and carboxypeptidases.
Key Concept:
Pepsin in the gastric juice catalyses hydrolysis of peptide bonds adjacent to amino acids with bulky side chains. It is the stomach where digestion of proteins is initiated with the help of pepsin. [/INST] question: Digestion of proteins is initiated by: | options: A: Amylase B: Sucrase C: Chymotrypsin D: Pepsin | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The subclan aery passes laterally over the upper surface of the first rib and lies posterior to the scalenus anterior. In the case of thoracic outlet syndrome, this aery is usually compressed between the scalenus anterior and a cervical rib. Thoracic outlet syndrome is a broad term for a group of disorders in which there is compression of ceain neurovascular bundles. The presence of a cervical rib adds to the compression, and repetitive motion and poor posture are other predisposing factors. When the neurovascular bundle is entrapped, the patient presents with neurological and/or circulatory changes in the upper extremity on the involved side.The axillary aery is the continuation of the subclan aery. This aery begins at the outer border of the first rib and continues through the axilla to the lower border of the teres major.The brachial aery is the continuation of the axillary aery in the upper extremity and can not be compressed by a cervical rib.The brachiocephalic aery arises from the arch of the aoa. At the level of the right sternoclavicular joint, it separates into the right common carotid aery and the right subclan aery. [/INST] question: A 50 year old electrician repos pain in his left upper extremity and tingling and numbness in his 4th and 5th digits of his left hand. There is mild swelling of the left hand. The man repos most of his pain and numbness occurs when he is doing electrical work with his arms overhead. X-ray reveals the presence of a cervical rib. Which of the following structures is most likely being compressed? | options: A: Axillary aery B: Brachial aery C: Brachiocephalic aery D: Subclan aery | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) members met in Beijing from November 5 to 11 to discuss the future of APEC and the overall development of the Asia-Pacific area. APEC, which was set up in 1989,is a forum for 21 member countries to develop free trade and economic cooperation throughout the Asia-Pacific area.
Though Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation came to a successful close, the "APEC Blue" has become popular in Beijing, even in China. A clear blue sky in Beijing is difficult to see during the smog season, so Beijingers gave it a name: "APEC Blue".
"Oh, how beautiful the autumn sky is and how fresh the air is!" This is how most Beijingers feel during APEC. "I hope the APEC Blue will remain, and I believe, through the efforts we continue to make, it will."
A lot of environmentally friendly ways were taken to reduce the Beijing smog during the APEC meeting, including limiting the number of cars on the road, stopping some factories in neighboring cities and so on.
Perhaps we can learn something from London, where the Great Smog killed 4,000 people :in four days in 1952. Britain then passed its first air pollution act, which required that all power plants in London should be shut down, factories must build taller chimneys, and the heating system must be improved.
In order to keep "APEC Blue", Beijing plans to build air corridors to blow away pollution. Not all agree with this way. Song Guojun, a professor of _ at Renmin University, believes that this way will not solve the problem at its root, and only by controlling the source of pollution will Beijing see bluer skies. [/INST] question: APEC has been set up for _ years. | options: A: 21 B: 1989 C: 25 D: 6 | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: So, let's imagine you are walking down the street drinking a box of tea. You finish drinking the tea. Now, what do you do with the box? Do you drop it on the ground? Or, do you do the right thing and drop it in a trash can? Hopefully, you drop it in the trash can because, besides harming the environment, littering is also very impolite.
Recently, a magazine published a list of the most polite cities in the world. They looked three things: did people litter, did shop clerks say thank you and did people hold the door open for the person behind them? The top three politest cities were New York, USA, Zurich, Switzerland, and Toronto, Canada. Hong Kong, China was number 35. Shanghai wasn't even on the list.
Does that mean that Shanghai is not a polite city? Well, maybe. There are different ways to judge politeness but the survey was looking at how a visitor to a city would feel when walking around its public places. Visitors don't like to step over empty tea boxes as they walk down the street. They don't like it when they buy something and the shop clerk doesn't say thank you or even give them a smile. They also don't like it when someone lets a door slam into them instead of holding it open.
Shanghai is a nice city but it is not always the most polite city. I don't think this is intentional . I think it's just a lack of awareness . China is becoming a popular place for tourists to visit. When they come to Shanghai they will find a friendly city: it would be nice if they also found a polite one. And, remember, being polite makes you feel good, too. It's nice to be nice. [/INST] question: The following cities EXCEPT _ are on the list of the most polite cities in the world. | options: A: Shanghai B: Toronto C: New York D: Zurich | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: My younger sister Sandy was born on May 30 in Hum t County California. She grew up there in her early years and together we moved to Southern California, and then my parents moved back to Hum t County and this was where Sandy finished primary school and high school. She took her art classes at College of the Redwoods and she became an artist, along with our mother Bea East.
I lived with her. She painted paintings of the Pacific Ocean and the forest. Their paintings were hung in the art galleries and in the banks and they were sold to people as far as Los Angeles. We called our business Wood Creations. We would go out to the forest and cut down the trees to make wood planters out of them. They were very creative and very beautiful with the plants growing out of them.
Our business lasted for two years, and I moved away to Santa Rosa and time moved on very fast. Sandy came to live with us in Santa Rosa and together we were going to school to become grocery clerks. She soon moved back to the country and she married and had two children, first Johnny and then Cheri, who was born from another marriage and they moved to Queen City, Missouri.
Last year, I was able to go and visit with Sandy, when I first heard that she had cancer. My oldest sister and came to be with Sandy. Also my sister Judi and her two daughters came to be with us. We all rented a room in Kirksville, Missouri at the Days Inn. We all prayed together, and the time we spent together was priceless.
This is the precious memories that I keep in my heart. Sandy is now unconscious. She will no longer be in all the pain and she will be in heaven watching over us. God bless you Sandy, rest in the arms of, Jesus. [/INST] question: Where did Sandy finish her primary school? | options: A: In Santa Rosa B: In Crescent City C: In Hum t County D: In Southern California | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A bone scan is a nuclear scanning test that detects areas of increased or decreased bone metabolism.
Radionuclide isotope used is technetium-99. It is linked to a bone-seeking phosphate compound.
Thus Technetium-labelled hydroxy methylene diphosphonate ( 99mTc-HDP) is injected intravenously and its activity recorded by a gamma camera at two stages -
1. shortly after injection, while it is still in the bloodstream or the perivascular space (the perfusion or blood pool phase)
2. 3 hours later when the isotope has been taken up in bone (the bone phase) 4 types of abnormality are seen -
a. Increased activity in the perfusion phase this is due to increased soft tissue blood ow - one of the cardinal features of inflammation (eg. acute or chronic synovitis)
b. Decreased activity in the perfusion phase This is much less common and signifies local vascular insufficiency
c. Increased activity in the bone phase This is due to either excessive isotope uptake in the osseous extracellular uid or to more avid incorporation into newly forming bone tissue. There are several possible reasons for bone activity - cancer is one of them, but other reasons include arthritis, fractures and bone infections and nothing in the bone scan itself can distinguish between them.
d. Diminished activity in the bone phase This is due to absent blood supply eg. in the femoral head after a fracture of the femoral neck or to a replacement of bone by pathological tissue. Increased uptake on bone scans
1. Metastatic disease - multiple, randomly scattered lesions, especially in the axial skeleton.
2. Joint disease - commonly degenerative in the cervical spine, hips, hands and knees. Also, inflammatory joint disease.
3. Fractures - stress fractures or other undisplaced fractures undetected on plain x-ray.
4. Paget's disease - diffuse involvement with much-increased uptake.
5. Superscan - high uptake throughout the skeleton often due to disseminated secondary disease with poor or absent renal images but often with bladder activity.
6. Metabolic bone disease - high uptake in the axial skeleton, proximal long bones, with prominent calvarium and mandible.
7. Dental disease - inflammation, recent extraction.
8. Infection - increased uptake in vascular and blood pool phase also. Photopenic areas (defects) on bone scans
1. Artifacts - the commonest cause. a. External - metal objects such as coins, belts, lockets, buckles. b. An internal - joint prosthesis, pacemakers.
2. Avascular lesions - for example cysts.
3. Multiple myelomas - may show increased uptake.
4. Leukemia - may show increased uptake.
5. Haemangiomas of the spine - occasionally slightly increased uptake.
6. Radiotherapy elds - usually oblong in shape.
7. Advanced cancer - especially breast. Possibly related to chemotherapy.
8. Spina bifida [/INST] question: Bone scan of a patient with Multiple Myeloma shows | options: A: Diffusely increased uptake B: Diffusely decreased uptake C: Hot spots D: Cold spots | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: What's delicious to eat and comes in a variety of colors? Eggplant! And no, it has nothing to do with chickens! This strangely named vegetable is, however, as versatile as an egg.It can be steamed, fried, and baked.It can be eaten by itself or combined with meats and other vegetables.
Eggplant was first grown in India in the 5th century BC.Its popularity soon spread to China and then throughout Asia.Finally, during the Middle Ages the vegetable made its way to Europe.At that time, eggplant was not the shiny purple vegetable most people know today.Instead, it's like a white egg.Due to this egg - like appearance, eggplant got its name.In its early days, the vegetable was so bitter that people often called it a "mad apple." This nickname started because people believed its bitterness was bad for one' s health.People actually thought eggplant could cause madness and cancer.
Fortunately today people know that eggplant doesn't cause insanity or cancer.In fact eggplant is so healthy that it may prevent cancer.In addition, the brain and the heart benefit from this super vegetable.Since it's high in fibre, eggplant can improve digestion.
Italy, Turkey, Egypt, China and Japan are the leading growers of eggplant in the world today.Depending on its location, eggplant may be purple, green, orange or yellow - white.And it can be as small as a tomato or as large as a cucumber.Dish varieties range from simple to complex, with all of them being delicious.
Today, thousands of people gather in Loomis, Calif, for the annual Loomis Eggplant Festival.The main activity at the festival is eating delicious eggplant dishes.There is plenty more to do and see, though.Recipe contests, arts and crafts, performers, races and children's activities all "egg - cite" festival - goers.Most people at the festival would agree--eggplant is an "egg--cellent" vegetable. [/INST] question: Eggplant got its name because of its _ . | options: A: appearance B: taste C: color D: value | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Long ago, there was a queen who lived in a palace. She felt bored and said to her advisor( ), "AIl the things around me are too boring. I need a different kind of beauty. Let everyone know that I will hold a competition for the most beautiful thing in the world. And the prize will be this crown ."
Several days later, lots of people came to the competition and showed their things. The queen was not satisfied with what she saw. The advisor suggested, "What you are looking for cannot be brought to you. You must look for it by yourself. What about a journey?"
The queen was interested in the idea, so she started immediately. As she was on top of the hill near her palace, she looked down and suddenly something cried in her heart. "Why have I never found my palace so beautiful?"
The queen spent one year travelling. She saw beauty on the farm, in the forest and even in the stars twinkling at night on her journey. But what was the most beautiful thing? She thought it over. Suddenly, she understood beauty was everywhere. She should learn to enjoy the world. She left the pieces of her crown at different places that she had seen. As time went by, the queen's crown got smaller and smaller until nothing was left.
She found the most beautiful thing at last. It was the world! [/INST] question: The queen wanted to _ for the most beautiful thing in the world. | options: A: hold a competition B: buy a new crown C: go on a journey D: see stars twinkling | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: She is a beautiful red-haired girl. she has been shopping with her mom in Wal-Mart. It was raining hard outside. We all stood there under the awning . Her voice was so sweet. "Mom, let's run through the rain," she said.
"What?" Mom asked.
"Let's run through the rain!"
"No, honey. We'll wait until it slows down a bit," Mom replied.
The child waited about another minute and repeated, "Mom, let's run through the rain."
"We'll get wet if we do," Mom said.
"No, we won't, Mom. That's not what you said this morning," the young girl said as she pulled her mom's arm.
"This morning? When did I say we could run through the rain and not get wet?"
"Don't you remember? When you were talking to Daddy about his cancer , you said, we can get through anything!"
The crowd became silent. Nothing could be heard but the rain. No one came or left in the next few minutes. Mom thought for a moment about what she would say.
"Honey, you are right. Let's run through the rain. If we get wet, maybe we'll just need to get a wash," Mom said.
Then off they ran. People all stood watching, smiling and laughing as they rushed past the cars and through the puddles .
They held their shopping bags over their heads. They got wet through. But they were followed by a few who laughed like children all the way to their cars.
People can take away your money and health. But no one can ever take away your memories....So don't forget to make time to make memories every day. [/INST] question: Mom told the girl's father "we can get through anything" in order to _ . | options: A: show she is strong B: encourage him C: prove her ability D: make memories | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Hyperparathyrodism is defined as elevated serum PTH due to increased secretion. It is of two types. a) Primary & b) Secondary with a rare third type - c) Teiary Primary hyperparathyroidism Primary hyperparathyroidism is due to intrinsic abnormality of one or more parathyroid glands: Single Adenoma - 83% Multiple Adenomas - 6% Hyperplasia - 1% Carcinoma - 1% Adenomas and hyperplasia of the parathyroid usually occur sporadically, but in few cases, they are pa of familial syndromes Familial syndromes associated with Primary Hyperparathyroidism MEN type 1-Wermer's syndrome MEN type 2a - Sipple syndrome Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Sec. hyperparathyroidism is increased secretion of PTH by the parathyroids in response to a lowered serum ionized calcium leve Causes Chronic renal failure (most common cause) Malabsorption syndrome Vitamin D deficiency Medullary carcinoma of thyroid Teiary Hyperparathyroidism Teiary hyperparathyroidism follows long standing secondary HPT when the chronically stimulated parathyriod glands act independently of the serum calcium concentration. Autonomous hypersecretion of PTH may persist despite correction of the underlying condition. [/INST] question: Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by -a) Parathyroid hyperplasiab) Adenosisc) MEN 1d) Thyrotoxicosise) CRF | options: A: ab B: bc C: abc D: bcd | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Dr. Martinez put on a false smile as she entered Janet Eslin's hospital room. She couldn't let Janet see that she was worried. Yet she had been searching for the cause of Janet's illness and hadn't found a clue .
"How are you feeling today?" Dr. Martinez asked her patient. Janet replied that she felt about the same----terribly uncomfortable.
The doctor tried to get Janet's mind off her health by talking about Janet's vacation at Lake Winnow. But Dr. Martinez couldn't keep her own mind on the conversation. She kept wondering what could be wrong with her patient.
Suddenly Janet's words interrupted Dr. Martinez's thoughts: "... the vacation was really perfect, except for the food. The last meal I ate was especially terrible."
Dr. Martinez quickly snapped back into the conversation, "Janet, when did you eat that meal?" Janet said that it had been the day before yesterday.
"I think we've discovered your problem," Dr. Martinez said as she left. Several hours later, Dr. Martinez was back with the answer. "Janet, the food you ate made you ill. You're suffering from food poisoning. Now that we know what's wrong, we can take care of your problem." [/INST] question: What made Janet sick? | options: A: an insect bite B: bad food C: bad water D: cold weather | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Mobile communications and the IP phone business have gradually replaced traditional long-distance calls. Mobile communications account for 28.5 percent of the total long-distance communications business. IP phones have 41.4 percent, while traditional long-distance calls are down to 30.1 percent.
China Mobile, the country's largest mobile communication operator, has accounted for nearly 40 percent of taxes in the domestic telecom market. That puts it at the top of the six major telecom operators in the nation, according to the latest official statistics. The other five are: China Telecom, 31.1 percent; China Netcom, 16.6 percent; China Unicom, 13.4 percent; China Satellite Communications Corp and China Railcom, 1.5 percent.
China Mobile is being chased by smaller rivals China Unicom and China Telecom, both of which are making significant 3G subscriber gains. That's aided in no small part by deals to offer the iPhone. However, as of March, China Mobile did have 15 million iPhone users on its network.
In another ranking, Xiaomi, Huawei, Lenovo, vivo and OPPO came in as the top five mobile phone sellers in China by April, 2015, according to IHS Technology. The report also says that during this period, China produced 82 million handsets. (including GSM, GPRS and CDMA phones) and sold 80 million. Of the phones sold, 37 million were exported to other countries. Analysts point out that China's lack of core technologies and its heavy reliance on overseas technologies have proved to be an obstacle for development of domestic phone makers. [/INST] question: Nowadays, mobile communications have gradually taken the place of _ . | options: A: IP phone service B: telecom operators C: traditional telephones D: traditional long-distance calls | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The year 2006 was a busy one for space and technology workers. A planet lost its status and space flights caught the imagination of people around the world.
The following is a short list of the major events of the year: _
IBM has built a chip that runs about 100 times faster than the ones we have now. The development could lead to faster computers. The chip was first made in June. It can run at a speed of 500 gigahertz .
Pluto loses face
The International Astronomical Union created the first scientific definition of the word "planet" in August. Under the new rules, Pluto is no longer called a planet but a "dwarf planet" .
Pluto had been considered a planet since its discovery in 1930. For now, there are only the eight "classical" planets in the solar system : They are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
Woman space tourist
The first woman space tourist was launched on a Russian rocket from Kazakhstan on September 18. The flight carried a businesswoman, named Anousheh Ansari, along with a fresh crew for the International Space Station (ISS). Ansari is a 40-year-old American. She has paid at least US$20 million for the trip. She returned on September 28 after her eight-day stay at the International Space Station.
Discovery sent up
The US space shuttle Discovery took seven astronauts on a 12-day repair mission to the International Space Station on December 9. It was the first night launch by NASA in four years. The last one ended in the failure of the space shuttle Columbia in 2003. [/INST] question: The US space shuttle Discovery was sent up mainly to _ . | options: A: do some research B: do some repairs C: be in memory to Columbia shuttle D: build a space station | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Damini Bansal (14 years old)
Freedom is something different in everybody's way of thinking--a student would probably like to raise a revolt against all the obnoxious rules of his or her school and as a grown up one might want to have less responsibilities .
Freedom according to me is the power in me to make some of my life's decisions on my own. And this Independence Day will be a lot more different than our first one in 1947 when people actually came to know what it was like to be free, for them it was the dawn of a new day, it was a day when they could do what they felt was right.
We have come far from all of this. We now no longer see the Independence Day as a day of very great importance for the students of my class (and most of the children of my age), and the most important value is that it is a holiday.
Arihant Jain (12 years old)
We can do anything we want like not going to school.
Everything should be free. We should not pay money to buy anything.
Can go anywhere I want...to the playground when exams are on.
Chatting on phone as long as I want.
To eat dinner outside everyday.
In school being able to play sports and not study.
Flying Kites. [/INST] question: For a school student, freedom means . | options: A: bad etiquettes B: breaking the school rules C: arguing with others D: refusing to do homework | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: One dollar a week
The doorway of the house where Chandler has a room. He is dressed in his best clothes, ready for
his evening out. He is going out as his friend, Jeff 'White, comes in.
WHITE What are you doing this evening, Towers?
CHANDLER (Smiling) Tonight I'm going to live like a man with a million dollars!
WHITE What are you talking about? You haven't got a million dollars!
CHANDLER How much money are you and I paid each week, Jeff?
WHITE Eighteen dollars. Why?
CHANDLER And how much of that eighteen dollars do you spend each week?
WHITE All of it, of course.
CHANDLER Well, I don't. Each week I save one dollar out of my eighteen. Then,
every ten weeks, I can buy myself an evening to remember.
WHITE What do you do?
CHANDLER I put on my finest clothes, go to one of the best restaurants in New York,
eat the most expensive food on the menu, drink the best wine, and then
take a taxi home!
WHITE ( _ ) Why?
CHANDLER Why? Because it makes me feel wonderful to sit with some of 'the richest
people in America, and to make them think that I'm rich, too.
WHITE You're crazy!
CHANDLER (Laughing) Perhaps I am!
Mrs Black comes in.
MRS BLACK Ah, Mr Chandler. I wanted to see you.
CHANDLER Good evening, Mrs Black. What a lovely evening!
MRS BLACK Lovely evening perhaps, but you haven't paid me for your room this
month. When am I going to get the money?
CHANDLER Soon, Mrs Black. Very soon.
Mrs Black looks at Chandler s clothes.
MRS BLACK You can spend money on expensive clothes, but you can't pay for your
room. Is that right?
CHANDLER (Hurrying away) Good night, Mrs Black! [/INST] question: This is most probably part of _ . | options: A: a play B: a novel C: a poem D: a speech | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Oscar-winning actress Joan Fontaine, who rose to fame during Hollywood's golden age as the star of several Alfred Hitch.cock classics, died from natural causes at her home in Carmel, northern California on December 16, 2013 aged 96, US media reports said.
Born in Japan to British parents, Fontaine moved in 1919 to California, where she and her elder sister -screen idol Olivia de Havilland-were to shape successful movie careers.Fontaine and de Havilland remain the only sisters to have won lead actress honours at the Academy Awards.Yet the two sisters also had an uneasy relationship, with Fontaine recording a bitter competition in her own account "No Bed of Roses ".
Fontaine began her acting career in her late teens with Largely less important roles on the stage and later in mostly B-movies in the 1930s. It was not before famous British film director Hitchcock spotted her a decade later that her career took off.
Greatly surprised by her expressive looks, the suspense master cast Fontaine in his first US film, a 1940 adaptation of the Daphne du Maurier novel "Rebecca". She received an Academy Award nomination for her performance as a troubled wife. A year later, Fontaine finally won the long-sought golden figure, for her role as leading lady in "Suspicion" opposite Cary Grant, becoming the first and only actress to earn the title for a Hitchock film.
Although her sister, Olivia de Havilland, preceded her in gaining Hollywood fame, Fontaine was the first of the sisters to win an Oscar, beating Olivia's nomination as best actress in Mitchell Leisen's "Hold Back the Dawn".
The dislike ,between the sisters was felt at the Oscars ceremony."I froze. I stared across the table, where Olivia was sitting.'Get up there!' she whispered commandingly," Fontaine said."All the dislike we'd felt toward each other as children...all came rushing back in quickly changing pictures...I felt Olivia would spring across the table and seize me by the hair."
Olivia did not win her first Oscar until 1946, for her role as the lover of a World War I pilot in Leisen's " To Each His Own". Fontaine later made it known that her. sister had slighted her as she attempted to offer congratulations."She took one look at me, ignored my hand, seized her Oscar and wheeled away," she said.
The sisters were also reportedly competitors in love. Howard Hughes, a strange businessman who dated the elder de Havilland for a time, offered marriage to Fontaine several times."I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be extremely angry because I beat her to it!" Fontaine once joked.
As her film career fruited in the 1950s, Fontaine turned to television and dinner theatre, and also appeared in several Broadway productions, including the Lion in Winter". Anything but the ordinary lady, Fontaine was also a licensed pilot, a champion balloonist, an accomplished golfer, a licensed .decoration designer and a first-class cook. [/INST] question: When she moved to California, Joan Fontaine was _ years old. | options: A: two B: twelve C: twenty D: twenty -two | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Let's analyse each option - In the ovulatory phase.
Option a: Stimulation of continuation of reduction division of oocytes - correct
During oogenesis, the primary oocyte is arrested in prophase of meiosis
Just before ovulation, the LH surge initiates the continuation of meiosis, forming secondary oocyte and 1st polar body.
"Die LH surge initiates the resumption of meiosis in the oocyte (meiosis is not completed until after the sperm has entered and second polar body is released."
— Leon speroff 8th/ed p 229
Option b: Inhibin A is increased in ovulatory phase - incorrect
Levels of inhibin A are increased and reach a peak in the midluteal phase, not in the ovulatory phase.
Option c: FSH increases steroid synthesis in granulosa cells — incorrect
FSH acts on the granulosa cells to produce estrogen mainly in the follicular phase and not in the ovulatory phase.
Option d: Activin causes FSH to act on the granulose cells — incorrect
As discussed, activin does augment the action of FSH on granulosa cells but during the early follicular phase and not during the ovulatory phase.
"In the granulosa of the early follicular phase, activin augments FSH activities: FSH receptor expression, aromatization, inhibin/ activin production, and LH receptor expression. In the theca, activin suppresses androgen production, allowing the emergence of an estrogen microenvironment."
— Leon speroff 8th/ed p 226. [/INST] question: Which of the following is seen in the ovulatory phase? | options: A: Stimulation of continuation of reduction division of oocytes B: Inhibin A is increased C: FSH increases steroid synthesis in granulosa cells D: Activin causes FSH to act on granulosa cells | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: What's in the news? Here are some articles from the Winfield Daily News.
Engaged to be married
Mr. and Mrs. Eduardo Silva of Bogota, Colombia, are happy to announce that engagement of their daughter Cristina Ana Silva to Gino Antonio Leone. Miss Silva is studying art history at Winfield Community College and Mr. Leone is working at the Roma Restaurant. The wedding will take place at St. Mark's Church in Winfield on October 5th. The reception will be at the Roma.
Black History Month
Winfield Public Library is pleased to announce a special program to celebrate Black History Month. The well-known actor Albert Eaton will perform a one-man show named MLK:His life and Times. In the show, Eaton recreates the life and times of the late civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., through music and drama. Performances are at 3:30 and 7:30, Thursday through Saturday. Admission free. Telephone: 5365400.
Benjamins have a daughter
Mr. and Mrs. Leon Benjamin are proud to announce the birth of their first child, Andrea Jean. She was born at Winfield Hospital on June 9 at 11:10 PM.
SPORTS
High School--Parents Beat Students
The parents' football team beat the students 4 to 2 in a wild and exciting match yesterday at Winfield Stadium. It was the first win for the parents since the yearly event started five years ago. Adela Logan led the parents to victory with three goals. Her son, Bob Logan, scored the only two goals for the losing team, it was both a happy and a sad day for the Logan family!
College--Winfield Community College Senior Wins State Tournament
Ginny Lewis took the title away from defending state tennis winner, Susan Murray, yesterday in three straight sets, 6-1, 6-3, 6-4. this was the first time a Winfield student has played in the state finals. Ginny brought home a trophy and a $1000 prize for her studies at college. [/INST] question: What is the Benjiamins' announcement about? | options: A: A new-born Baby B: Their engagement C: Black History Month D: A newly married couple | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Not long ago, I opened an interesting e-mail from Jennifer, a friend of mine. "I've realized I want to be around people who make me happy," she wrote, "I've been seeing how I feel after communicating with different people and making a mental list of who I feel good about. And you're on my list."
Then she invited me -- and 11 other women-- to a "Movie Night" to be held every six weeks at her house. We'd chat, eat, and watch feel-good movies. She made it clear in her invitation that there was no stress to show up to all or any movie nights. Wonderful! I e-mailed her back immediately. I was in.
Later, Jennifer told me she had some puzzled reactions to her invitation. Though all the women were willing to join, some said they didn't see themselves as cheerful people. "I've told them they didn't have to be cheerful around me all the time. I invited them because they made me feel happy," she says.
Research shows that gatherings such as Jennifer's _ . In a US study, researchers measured the happiness of 4739 people at regular intervals over 20 years. The study found that a person's happiness depends on the happiness of people they connect with. Amazingly, it also found that happiness spreads not only between direct friends, but also among friends of your friends' friends! And those good feelings seem to be the most contagious among friends of the same sex.
"People with more supportive friends are less likely to develop sadness," says Dr Toupey Luft, a psychologist in Penticyon, British Columbia. "Though you can't choose your family or workmates, you do have control over friendships." With a little effort, you can add more positive relationships to your social circle. Here's how... [/INST] question: How many people did Jennifer invite? | options: A: 1 B: 11 C: 12 D: 13 | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. You are easily annoyed, bothered, and irritated. Patience adds a dimension of ease and acceptance to your life. It's essential for inner peace. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don't like it. If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking get out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is "small stuff".
Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods--periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you'll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it's only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those special qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone --five minutes of successful patience--you'll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person.
Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You'll see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn't "life or death" but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. Without patience, the same scenario can become a major emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings, and high blood pressure. [/INST] question: People without patience will treat the challenge as _ . | options: A: a minor thing B: a matter of life or death C: the small stuff D: a great chance | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: For some people, it's easy to get dressed for work. Pilots and police officers, for example, don't have to make decisions about their work clothes. They wear uniforms to work every day.
For many office workers, however, it is more difficult to choose clothes for work. They do not wear uniforms to the office. Also, many organizations are changing their _ . They are allowing their employees to wear casual clothes to work.
The change to casual work clothes began in the 1990s. At first, many companies in the United States allowed employees to wear casual clothes on one day of the week--Friday. Friday became "Casual Friday" or "Dress-down Friday". Today, however, many companies are allowing their employees to wear casual clothes every day of the week.
Some studies show that people are producing and achieving more when they are wearing comfortable clothes. Some companies also like the casual dress code because they don't need to buy special clothes for work. They can save money this way.
Unfortunately, a casual dress code can also cause problems. Sometimes employees think they can wear anything. Many companies have rules about casual clothes. They list the kinds of clothes that are not "business-casual" clothes. Blue jeans, sandals, and sportswear are examples of clothes that are usually too casual for the office. [/INST] question: What do pilots and police officers wear to work? | options: A: Casual clothes B: Sportswear C: Blue jeans D: Uniforms | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: London is a very large city with about 7 million people. How do so many people move on their way to work or school?
In London you can travel around the city by subway, bus, taxi or private car. The subway runs under the city. It goes to all parts of the city. Traveling by subway is the fastest way to get around the city.
The second way to travel about the city is by bus. It is a slower way to travel. This is because the road traffic is always heavy.
You can also travel around the city by taxi. This is very expensive, but the taxi will take you to the every place you wish to go to. If traffic is heavy, the taxi will be slow. During the mornings and afternoons, there is the _
The last way to get around London is using your own car. It is inconvenient if you are driving in the "rush hour". If there is an accident on the road, you will have to wait for a long time.
The best time to travel around the city is from 9 am to 4 pm. This is the time after the morning "rush hour" and before the evening "rush hour". Traffic will be less heavy during this time. [/INST] question: How many ways are there if you travel around London ? | options: A: Four B: Six C: Five D: Three | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Hunter Bliss, like more and more American students, left the United States to go to college. In the 2011-2012 school year, 46,571 U.S. students registered for degree programs in 14 countries. The top destination countries were the U.K. and Canada, followed by France, Germany, Italy and some other European countries. Germany, in particular, has attracted many more American students in recent years, like Hunter Bliss.
In 2012, there were more than 4,000 American students completing bachelor's, master's and doctor's degrees in Germany. The Institute of International Education (IIE) says that the number of U.S. students completing college degrees in Western Europe increased by about 5 percent from 2010 to 2012. American students choose to study in another country for two main reasons. First, international experience is becoming more important in the modern job market. Second, the cost of higher education has continued to rise in the United States. Rising tuition costs make education abroad--particularly in countries that charge no tuition-attractive to American students, says the IIE.
Many American students choose Germany because of the low cost of education there. German public universities do not charge tuition fees. And many universities in Germany offer courses in English, too. College education in the US is seen as a privilege and expected to cost money but in Germany _ is seen as an extension of a free high school education where one expects it to be provided.
The German government has been eager to encourage students to come to Germany for another reason. Like many countries in Western Europe, German's population is becoming older, and fewer young people are entering college and the job market. The German government hopes to attract skilled foreign students who will stay in Germany. [/INST] question: Which country attracted American students most in the 2011-2012 school year? | options: A: Germany B: France C: Britain D: Italy | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The Slender West Lake. named National AAAAA Tourist Area in 2010, includes the Great Rainbow Bridge, the White Pagoda, Five-pavilion Bridge, the Twenty-four Bridge, the Small Golden Hill and so on. The best time to tour the Slender West Lake is in March. During the visit to the park, the boat travels on the water and visitors travel in the picture.
Ticket: Mar. - May. Y= 150; Other months Y=90
Time: 8:30 - 17:00
Bus: No. 4, 5, 6, 17, 61 buses
Tel: 0514-87357803; 0514-87370091
Website: http://www.shouxihu.com
He garden, the most famous garden in the late Qing Dynasty, is known for its long double-way corridor , which is regarded as the earliest footbridge.
Ticket: Mar. - May. Y= 40; Other months Y=30
Time: 7:30 - 17:15
Bus: No. 19, 61 buses
Te: 0514-87900345; 0514-87222353
Website: http://www.he-garden.net
Six months ago. Jack came to China to study. He has heard that Yangzhou is famous for its gardens. And he plans to visit some gardens in July, so he has collected information about them online as follows: [/INST] question: How much will a ticket cost Jack if he visits the Slender West lake? | options: A: 30 yuan B: 40 yuan C: 90 yuan D: 150 yuan | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Meissner corpuscles are dendrites encapsulated in connective tissue and respond to changes in texture and slow vibrations.Merkel cells are expanded dendritic endings, and they respond to sustained pressure and touch. The capsule is located relatively superficially, either in the basal epidermis (Merkel) or just below the epidermis(Meissner). Ruffini corpuscles are enlarged dendritic endings with elongated capsules, and they respond to sustained pressure. Pacinian corpuscles consist of unmyelinated dendritic endings of a sensory nerve fiber, 2 mm in diameter, encapsulated by concentric lamellae of connective tissue that give the organ the appearance of a cocktail onion. These receptors respond to deep pressure and fast vibration. Both these receptors lie deeper in the dermis and connective tissue and therefore are sensitive to stimuli applied over much larger territory. Zoster can cause some destruction of nerve fibers in the middle and lower dermis, detectable with silver-impregnation techniques. [/INST] question: A 50-year-old woman who is a known diabetic and hypeensive has developed vesicular eruption on the trunk in T6 dermatome. Dermatologist confirmed it as Herpes Zoster. She is complaining severe pain and increased sensitivity to touch. Which of the following receptors sense sustained pressure? | options: A: Pacinian corpuscle B: Merkel cells C: Ruffini corpuscles D: Meissner's corpuscles | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Jean is a young girl who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good university and has almost everything that money can buy. The problem is that Jean's family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. Jean is quite lonely . So she spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous , talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends.
Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and he lived in San Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had the same interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. David sent a picture of himself. He was a tall, good-looking young man with big, happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.
When Jean's father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him. She wanted to give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the latest DVD of a rock singer. But when she knocked on David's door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was a 70-year-old man named Jim! How disappointed Jean was! [/INST] question: Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is _ . | options: A: rich B: young C: a bad student D: lonely | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Bacterial Growth Curve: The bacterial growth curve shows the following four distinct phases - 1) Lag phase: Bacteria adapt to their new environment. Enzymes and intermediates are formed and accumulate until they are present in concentrations that permit growth to resume. Bacterial cell size is maximum in end of the lag phase. It is Preparatory phase Accumulation of enzymes and metabolites 2. Log or Exponential Phase: 3. Stationary phase: The bacterial growth almost stops completely due to lack of essential nutrients, lack of water oxygen, change in pH of the medium, etc. and accumulation of their own toxic metabolic wastes. Death rate of bacteria equals the rate of replication of bacteria. Endospores sta forming during this stage. Many bacteria sta producing exotoxins. Bacteria become Gram variable and show irregular staining. 4. Decline phase: During this phase, the bacterial population declines due to death of cells. The decline phase stas due to - Accumulation of toxic products and autolytic enzymes and Exhaustion of nutrients. Involution forms are common in this stage. [/INST] question: In a bacterial growth curve, the period in which maximum cell size is obtained is_____ | options: A: Beginning of Lag phase B: End of lag phase C: Beginning of stationary phase D: Log phase | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: We are going to see the ruins of Machu Picchu in the mountains of the Andes.Machu Picchu was forgotten for centuries but discovered in 1911 by Hiram Bingham, a professor from Yale.It is said to be one of the most beautiful ancient sites in the world.
The Incas built the ancient civilization of Machu Picchu between the 12th century and the early 16th century.They spoke a language called Quechua but had no writing system at all.They kept records on various coloured strings with knots called quipu.
The Incas proved to be wonderful architects.They built most of their buildings with huge stones but without using any cement to stick them together.However, the huge stones fit together so perfectly that you cannot force a sharp knife between two blocks.They also built bridges, tunnels through mountains and channels to bring water to their cities--just as the Romans did.The Incas turned the mountains into farmlands and planted corn and potatoes, and raised animals like llama and alpaca for food.
Now Machu Piccu has become a major tourist site in Peru, attracting people from all over the world. [/INST] question: How long ago was Machu Picchu discovered? | options: A: About 20 years ago B: About 50 years ago C: About 70 years ago D: About a century ago | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Primary Source Holiday Shopping Night at Ten Thousand Villages
* Shop for your holiday gifts and give back to Primary Source at Ten Thousand Villages on Friday, December 4! 15% of all sales from 3:00 p. m.--7:00 p. m. that day will be donated to Primary Source. Join us for light refreshments and enjoy beautiful handmade gifts from artisans around the world. All are welcome!
Primary Source's Holiday Shopping Night
Friday, December 4, 2014
3:00 p. m.--7:00 p. m.
Ten Thousand Villages
226 Harvard Street, Brookline, Massachusetts (Coolidge Corner)
Download our _ and tell your friends!
Ten Thousand Villages provides vital, fair income for the people from developing countries by marketing their handicrafts and telling their stories in North America. Learn more and preview toys, home decor, jewelry, and other gifts online.
* Can't join us on Dec. 4? At GoodShop, 30% of your spending will be given to Primary Source. The next time you're ready to make an online purchase , visit www. goodshop. com and enter "Primary Source" in the space provided. Click "verify" and choose from more than seven hundred popular stores and sites, from Apple to Zappos. GoodShop is free and easy to use, and each purchase you make will help Primary Source provide global education materials for schools all over New England. [/INST] question: What is Ten Thousand Villages? | options: A: A town B: A website C: A shop D: An organization | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: .CO2 is commonly used to create pneumoperitoneum as-* It is readily available * It is cheaper * It suppresses the combustion * It is easily absorbed by tissues * It has a high diffusion coefficient * It is quickly released respiration Other gases used are: Air, nitrous oxide, helium, argon.Pneumoperitoneum is created up to a pressure of 15 mmHg which distends the abdominal cavity adequately to have proper visualisation of the abdominal contents. Laparoscope is inseed through the umbilical po (10 mm). Abdomen is evaluated for any pathology. Liver, gallbladder, pelvic organs are visualised. Additional pos (3-4) through trocars are placed depending on the procedure to be done. It may be eitherm5 mm po or 10 mm po. These pos are placed in such a way to have a proper triangulation of instruments for dissection.To use clip applicator 10 mm po is required.Pneumoperitoneum is created using veress needle through umbilical incision. Access can be achieved by open method through an umbilical incision. ref:SRB&;S manual of surgery,ed 3,pg no 1140 [/INST] question: Layers which are penetrated with trochar & cannula in production of pneumoperitoneum are | options: A: Skin & superficial fascia B: Deep fascia C: Rectus abdominis D: Transversus abdominis | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Happy birthday
The China National Opera (CNO) will give a concert to celebrate its 50th birthday .
Different generations of CNO vocalists , like Li Guangxi , Yao Hong and Ma Mei , will present the concert which will feature both songs from famous Chinese operas like "The White-haired Girl" and "The Hundredth Bride", as well as , arias of such Western opera classics as "Madame Butterfly", "La Traviata" and "Rigoletto".
Time/ date : 7:30 pm , September 7, 8
Location : Tianqiao Theatre
Tel : 6551-4787, 8315-6170
Tickets : 60--500 yuan (US $7.2-- 60.2)
Folk music
A concert will be held to feature some recently composed traditional Chinese music works .
The concert , given by the Folk Orchestra of the China Opera and Ballet Theatre , will include such pieces as "Memory of Childhood ", "Memorial Ceremony for God "and "Wine Song".
Time/date: 7:30pm, September 13
Location: Concert hall at the National Library of China
Tel: 6848 -5462, 6841-9220
Tickets: 30-200 yuan (US$3.6-24.1)
Moon music
A concert of traditional Chinese music will be given on the eve of the Moon Festival which falls on September 21st this year.
The concert will feature a number of famous pieces centered on the theme of the moon, such as "Moonlight", "Spring night on a Moonlit River" and "Lofty Mountain and Flowing River."
A number of established traditional Chinese music performers like Zhou Yaokun and Fan Weiqing, will play solos as well as collaborate with the folk music orchestra.
Time / date: 7:30 pm, September 21st
Location: Grand Theatre of the Cultural Palace of Nationalities
Tel: 6606--8888, 6606--9999 [/INST] question: If you want to buy tickets for listening to the music "Memory of Childhood", you will dial _ . | options: A: 6551--4787 B: 6848--5462 C: 8315--6170 D: 6606--9999 | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In Vietnam, two members of a family of street vendors are finding a way to help the poorest students in Hanoi. Pham Minh Dap and his brother are providing the students with mostly free English and Japanese lessons at a learning center they created. The men want to help people who would not normally have a chance to learn a foreign language.
Some education experts in Vietnam say such knowledge may help college graduates get jobs. The country's economy has improved. But many graduates continue to have a hard time finding employment. Local media reported ten percent of university graduates do not have a job.
Earlier this year, 24-year-old Pham Minh Dap and his brother established a school they call "Stand By You". Volunteers teach poor students English and Japanese. Many classes are free. Students with some language knowledge pay 25 to 50 cents per class. Mr. Dap pays about $ 500 to rent the language center space and for other costs. He gives about $ 150 from his earnings as a street Vendor and private language teaching. His brother gives the same amount from the money he earns as a secretary. Friends provide the rest. Mr. Dap and many of his family members have sold things outside HoaBinh Park in the center of Vietnam's capital for five years. They come from a village of rice farmers in Thanh Hoa Province.
Twenty-four-year-old Pham THi Trang is one of 600 students at the language school. She is finishing her university studies. Her parents work in a market in a village in Ha Nam Province. She says life is hard in the city. She earns about $50 a month from a part-time job, and her parents give her $ 75. But this is not enough to live on. She has said she has to be very careful with money so she can pay her bills.
Demand for the school is growing. About 1,000 people are on a waiting list to enter. Ten people have offered to teach for free. And Mr. Dap says he is hoping to raise money to pay for a bigger place. He wants to open more classes. [/INST] question: "Stand By You" is established _ . | options: A: by the Vietnam government B: by a family C: by a non-profit organization D: by two brothers | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The patient in the question:
Was being treated for infertility.
Now H/O 6 weeks of amenorrhea.
Presents with urinary retention.
The first diagnosis which comes in our mind is the retroverted gravid uterus.
Points which favour the diagnosis are: The woman is pregnant and has complained of urinary retention.
But friends, here it is important to understand that retroverted gravid uterus causes urinary retention at 14-15 weeks of gestation (not 6 weeks).
So Option "a" is ruled out
Option "b" Pelvic hematocele
"Pelvic hematocele is formed in a patient complaining of 6 weeks amenorrhea in case of ectopic pregnancy." Though pelvic hematocele causes urine retention but then other symptoms (pain) and signs of ectopic pregnancy should be present.
Option "c" Impacted cervical fibroid
"A cervical fibroid impacted in the pouch of Douglas can cause retention of urine. The onset of retention is acute and usually occurs immediately before menstruation when the uterus is further enlarged by congestion or during early pregnancy."
The fibroid is associated with infertility.
Thus, an impacted cervical fibroid can explain all features seen this woman and is our option of choice. [/INST] question: A woman treated for infertility presents with 6-week amenorrhea with urinary retention. The most likely etiology is: | options: A: Retroverted uterus B: Pelvic hematocoele C: Impacted Cervical Fibroid D: Carcinoma Cervix | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: (Warsaw)? .
Long long ago,there was a young man.His name was Wars.He lived in a little house near the River Vistula.He went there fishing every day for a living.
One day he saw a beautiful girl in the river.The girl's name was Sawa.From then on,the young man and the beautiful girl met every day.They fell in love with each other.When Wars asked Sawa to marry him.Sawa was very sad.She told him that she was mermaid and she couldn't marry man.But she said she would give him something when they met again.
The next day,Wars went to the river and met Sawa. Sawa was waiting for him with a sword in her
right hand and a shield in her left hand.She told Wars that they wouldn't meet again.She gave the
sword and the shield to him.She said he would be successful with the sword and the shield and become a great hero.Then she went away.
Wars missed Sawa very much.He always remembered his first love.What the mermaid had told him came true.Wars became a great hero.He got the land by the River Vistula.There he set up a city. He called it Warsaw. [/INST] question: Wars was a _ when he met Sawa for the first time | options: A: hero B: fisherman C: mermaid D: soldier | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: A little girl walked to and from school every day. Though it was not fine and clouds appeared in the sky that morning, the little girl made her daily trip to school as usual. When school was over, winds became stronger and it began to rain.
The mother of the little girl felt worried that her daughter would be afraid when she walked home from school and that lightning might frighten her child. Following the bright light of lightning, the mother quickly got into her car and drove to her child's school.
As the mother drove along the road, she saw her little girl walking alone in the rain.To her great surprise, she found that when a lightning came, her daughter stopped, looked up and smiled. Another lightning came and then another followed. With each lightning, the little girl stopped, looked up and smiled.
Inside the car, the mother asked her daughter, "What were you doing? Why did you look up and smile when the lightning came?" The little girl answered with a smile, "Mum, you know, God was looking at me. Each time I felt a little afraid walking in the rain, God would take a picture of me. I knew he was playing a game with me." [/INST] question: How did the little girl go to school every day? | options: A: By car B: On foot C: By bus D: By bike | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: I can still remember the day I met my best friend Judy. She had just moved into the neighborhood and her grandmother brought her down to meet me. I hid behind my mother and she hid behind her grandmother,scared to look at each other. Soon we lost the shyness and started playing with each other.
In the 7th grade ,I first lost touch with her. She was going through family problems and I _ her to be with the cooler people. None of my new friends liked her as much as I did because they knew she had problems. However, every summer we would always sit at each other's house, watch soap operas and talk about all the boys we like.
It was last year when I noticed the problem. I guess I was too doveted in high school to realizeshe needed someone there. Anyway ,she made a new best friend and so did I. Then I didn't know why, but she started cutting herself!
She then was diagnosed with clinical depression .At first, I was very upset, but we still stayed in touch. I wanted to be there with new her best friend basically deserted her and people were calling her crazy.
Yesterday she came to me and said,"I never knew what a best friend was until you, the only person, would stop me cutting. I appreciate your help so much, and you didn't even know you were helping me."
We both cried. And I guess a kind of lesson from my life so far is never to give up on your friends. Even if they aren't as cool as others, or people think they are crazy, they need someone there. If you desert them, you will only be guilty yourself. [/INST] question: The write and Judy both behind because they felt _ when they met for the first time. | options: A: worried B: shameful C: shy D: upset | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Our boat floated on between walls of forest. It was too thick for us to get a view of the land we were passing through, though we knew from the map that our river must be passing through chains of hills from time to time. Nowhere did we find a place where we could have landed: although the jungle did not actually spread right down into the river, banks of soft mud prevented us from going ashore. In any case, what would we have gained by landing? The country was full of snakes and other dangerous creatures and the jungle was so thick that one would be able to advance slowly, cutting one's way with knives the whole way. So we stayed in the boat, hoping that when we reached the sea, a friendly fisherman would pick us up and take us to civilization.
As for water, there was a choice. We could drink the muddy river water, or die of thirst. We drank the water. Men who have just escaped from what appeared to be certain death lost all worries about such small things as diseases caused by dirty water. In fact, none of us suffered from any illness as a result.
One day we passed another village, but fortunately nobody saw us. We did not wish to risk being taken prisoners a second time: we might not be so lucky as to escape in a stolen boat again. [/INST] question: TOC \o "1-3" \h \z What they could see on the boat was only. | options: A: high walls B: chains of hills C: heavy woods D: vast land | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: I had a summer camp with my classmates last year. Early in the morning. We gathered at the bus station. After saying goodbye to our parents,we got on the buses. It took us more than two hours to arrive at the campground. We got off the buses cheerfully. Laughing and shouting. We jumped and ran all over the place. It was the first time for us to be away from the parents .Some of us started to feel homesick . However, when the night party and dances began, the homesickness was gone. The next day, everybody rushed to the boating class, hoping to be at the head of the others. At first ,my friends and I worked hard, but the boat wouldn't listen to us and kept going round and round. Then the teacher taught us how to work together. After many tries, we did much better. Swimming class was my favorite. It was about the hottest time of a day and the best time to stay in the cool water. The swimming teacher was a funny man, and during the class he often made us laugh happily. During the week I learned a lot of new things and made many new friends. I also learned how to take care of myself. [/INST] question: They got to the campground _ . | options: A: on foot B: by bike C: by bus D: by plane | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Rachael lives in Wisconsin and has lived there all her life. She is just an average girl; at first when you are around her, she seems to be very shy. If you get to know her, she'll start to open up but always keep things to herself.
Sports are something that keeps her going, a way to release stress. Usually, you will see Rachael out with friends or just sitting down reading a good book. She takes pride in the fact that she can read a whole book in one day, and that she still doesn't consider herself a bookworm.
Some people call Rachael strange because of things she does. She's learned to _ what other people think because she just doesn't care any more. She likes to surround herself with people like her so it makes he feel like she is the less strange one in most situations.
Rachael wants to be two completely different people in her life. A communication journalist for one, she has always wanted to be that person. The second possible career would be lawyer. It's a huge goal, and one day you'll see her doing something she loves.
Influenced by her parents, Rachael enjoys listening to all kinds of music. Rarely, if ever, do you see her without some sort of music. Every morning you can see Rachael in her bathroom getting ready for school with her player at maximum volume .Her parents always get mad at her about that, but she can't hear them anyway over the music. They don't know that she uses their surround sound stereo when they aren't at home! [/INST] question: Rachael likes to be with people like her because _ . | options: A: she only wants to make friends with the people like her B: many people think she is strange and don't like to be with her C: she knows there are many other people who are also strange D: it makes her feel like she is not so strange as people think | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: I had a very special teacher in high school many years ago. Her husband died of a heart attack. About a week after his death, she shared some of her insights with us.
The class was nearly over. She said, "Before class is over, I would like to share with all of you an important thought."
"Each of us is put here on Earth to learn, share, love, enjoy and give all by ourselves. We must make the best of every single day."
Her eyes were beginning to water and she went on, "So I would like you all to make me a promise. From now on, on your way to school, or on your way home, find something beautiful to notice. It doesn't have to be something you see -- it could be a nice smell -- perhaps of freshly baked bread, or it could be the sound of the breeze slightly blowing the leaves in the trees."
"Please look for these things, and love them. For, although it may seem common, these things are the stuff of life. They are the little things we are put here on Earth to enjoy. They are the things we often take for granted. We must make it a point to notice them, for at any time it can all be taken away."
The class was completely quiet. We picked up our books and went out of the room silently. That afternoon, I noticed more things on my way home from school than I had that whole term.
I usually think of that teacher and try to enjoy all of those things that we sometimes overlook .
Take notice of something special you see during your lunch hour today. Walk barefoot along the beach at sunset. For as we get older, it is not the things we did that we regret , but the things we didn't do. [/INST] question: What happened to the teacher's husband? | options: A: He was ill B: He died of a heart attack C: He made a promise D: He became a teacher, too | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: According to decades-long research, women who took low to moderate daily doses of aspirin had a reduced death rate, especially from heart disease.
The research, based on data from a major trial that has tracked almost 80,000 women since 1976, found that women who reported using aspirin on a regular basis had a 25 percent lower risk of death from any cause than women who didn't take the drug.
The risk of death from cardiovascular disease was 38 percent lower for aspirin users, and there was also a 12 percent reduction in cancer deaths that took effect after a decade of aspirin use, the researchers found in their report based on the Nurses' Health Study.
However, an accompanying editorial in the journal cautioned that the results were open to debate and far from definitive.
The dissenting editorial was based on results of an earlier trial by the Women's Health Study, which followed almost 40,000 women for 11 years and found no reduction in overall deaths. Therefore, the new findings "cannot overcome the accumulated evidence that aspirin is not particularly effective for the primary prevention of death from cardiovascular disease in women."
"This is a complicated issue," said Dr. Andrew T. Chan, leading author of the new report. "We understand that aspirin has potential health benefits, but who would aspirin therapy be appropriate for?" There are "areas of disagreement that need further study" before that question can be answered, Chan said. But there is information from the two large studies and other trials that can help guide women and their physicians, he said. And anyone who is thinking about daily aspirin "should really talk with doctors about the benefits and risks." [/INST] question: The new report clearly benefits the women suffering | options: A: heart disease B: cancer C: lose of memory D: aspirin side effects | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: There have been many great inventions that changed the way we live.The first great invention was one that is still very important today--the wheel.This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances.For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel.Then in the early 1800's the world started to change.There was little unknown land left in the world.People did not have to explore much anymore.They began to work instead to make life better.In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made.Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio.These all became a big part of our life today.
The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions.The helicopter in 1909.Movies with sound in 1926.The computer in 1928.And jet planes in 1930.This was also a time when a new material was first made.Nylon came out in 1935.It changed the kind of clothes people wear.The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. _ worked very well.They made people healthier and let them live longer lives.By the 1960's most people could expect to live to be at least 60.By this time most people had a very good life.
Of course new inventions continued to be made.But man now had a desire to explore again.The world was known to man but the stars were not.Man began looking for ways to go into space.Russia made the first step.Then the United States took a step.Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space.In 1969 man took his biggest step away from the earth.Americans first walked on the moon.This is certainly just a beginning though.
New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of. [/INST] question: Camera was invented after _ . | options: A: 1850 B: 1950 C: 1800 D: 1900 | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: One Friday Mrs. King asked her class to write a story after class. "Use your imagination!" she cried, "You can write your story about anything." Kenny looked worried. "A story?" he thought, "What could I possible have to write about? I don't know any stories." The bell rang and all the kids went home.
The next day, Kenny sat at his desk at home, thinking and thinking. The warm sun was shining through the windows, making him _ And soon he fell fast asleep. As he slept, Kenny began to dream about fantastic things.
First he dreamed that he was a world-famous doctor, saving whole cities and curing diseases. Then he dreamed that he was in a UFO. He was talking to strange but friendly space creatures. Then he dreamed that he had become as small as a mouse by a bad scientist. He had to find a way to stop the plot of the mad scientist!
Kenny dreamed wonderful and exciting things until his little brother woke him up. "What were you dreaming about?" he asked. Kenny told his brother the wonderful dreams. His brother enjoyed the stories. Suddenly, Kenny knew that he had his kinds of stories in his imagination. [/INST] question: What did the teacher ask the students to do as homework? | options: A: To act as a doctor B: To read some stories C: To help family members D: To write a story | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Long long time ago,the Creator created a man and a woman,they lived together very happily for a time.But then they began to get angry with each other,and at last the woman left and started off to the Sun land in the east.
The man followed alone and felt very sad,but the woman kept on ahead and never looked behind,until the Creator,took pity on him and asked him if he was still angry with his wife.He said he was not,and the Creator then asked him if he would like to have her back again.He answered yes.
So the Creator created a patch of the finest ripe tomatoes along the way in front of the woman,but she passed by like seeing nothing at all.Later,he put a patch of beautiful flowers but again she refused to notice.Until suddenly she saw in front of her a patch of large ripe strawberries.They looked delicious.
She stopped to pick a few to eat,and as she ate them she turned her face to the west by accident,and at once she remembered her husband and she found herself unable to go on.She sat down,but the longer she waited,the more she missed her husband,and at last she took a lot of the best strawberries and started back along the way to give them to him.He met her kindly and they went home together. [/INST] question: What's the relationship between the man and the woman? | options: A: Friends B: Mother and son C: Husband and wife D: Father and daughter | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: CHICAGO ---Call it a reward, or just "bribery ".
Whichever it is, many parents today readily admit to buying off their children, who getgoodies for anything from behaving in a restaurant to sleeping all night in their own beds.
That's what worries parenting experts.
"I think that reward systems have a time and a place and work really well in certain situations," says Marcy Safyer, director of the Adelphi University Institute for Parenting.
"But what often gets lost for people is being able to figure out how to communicate to their kids that doing the thing is rewarding enough," Safyer says.
Parents and experts alike agree that thedynamic is partly a reflection of the world we live in. It's unrealistic to think a parent wouldn't reward their children with material things sometimes, says Robin Lanzi, a clinical psychologist and mother of four who's the research director at the Center on Health and Education at Georgetown University.
"But you want to make sure that they match the behavior, so it's not something huge for something small," Lanzi says.
She recalls hearing about a father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system for scoring a couple goals in a soccer game.
Elizabeth Powell, a mother of two young daughters in Austin, Texas, knows what she means.
"You want to raise them in a way that they're respectful and appreciate things," Powell says of her children. "But sometimes, you wonder now if kids appreciate even a new pair of shoes. " [/INST] question: Parenting experts are worried that _ . | options: A: today's children are fed up with material things B: parents are rewarding their kids improperly C: today's children are more and more demanding D: there is lack of communication between parents and children | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: HAS Travel Dot is a travel agency which offers many interesting travel packages.
_ $ 2900 Depart : Mar. 21, 2014 Return: Mar. 29, 2014
Australia's Gold Coast is a modern city of high-rise buildings, built around beautiful beaches. There are international theme parks, first-class restaurants, and lively nightclubs.
_ $3500 Depart: Apr. 1, 2014 Return: Apr. 6, 2014
In every corner of Britain, you'll find many great attractions, from small local museums to world-famous attractions like Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament.
_ $ 3200 Depart: Apr. 3, 2014 Return: Apr. 12, 2014
It is a wonderful place in Canada. Fresh water, lakes and rivers, as well as the St. Lawrence River make it a perfect destination for boating, fishing, and camping.
_ $700 Depart: Mar. 23, 2014 Return: Mar. 28, 2014
Penang, a state in Malaysia, is one of the most famous islands in South-East Asia. It is well-known for its culture and food. It is also a shopping paradise . You will be able to find things like handicraft, jewellery, clothes and many more at attractive prices.
For more information, please visit our website at _ . [/INST] question: Gold Coast is a modern city in _ . | options: A: Britain B: Malaysia C: Australia D: Canada | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The treatment for hyperkalemia can be thought of in 3 distinct steps. First, antagonize the effects of hyperkalemia at the cellular level (membrane stabilization). Second, decrease serum potassium levels by promoting the influx of potassium into cells throughout the body.(insulin,beta2 agonist) Third, remove potassium from the body.(k+resins) In cells with calcium-dependent action potentials, such as SA and atrioventricular nodal cells, and in cells in which the sodium current is depressed, an increase in extracellular calcium concentration will increase the magnitude of the calcium inward current and the Vmax by increasing the electrochemical gradient across the myocyte. This would be expected to speed impulse propagation in such tissues, reversing the myocyte depression seen with severe hyperkalemia. The effects of intravenous calcium occur within 1 to 3 minutes but last for only 30 to 60 minutes. Therefore, fuher, more definitive treatment is needed to lower serum potassium levels. Calcium gluconate is the preferred preparation of intravenous calcium. The dose should be 10 mL of a 10% calcium gluconate solution infused over 2 to 3 minutes. [/INST] question: In hyperkalemia with bradycardia treatment is: - | options: A: Calcium gluconate B: Steroid C: Salbutamol D: K+ resin | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in Bangladesh.The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21st.Hundreds more are missing or feared to be dead.
The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhakfi as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian country.The government has since banned all ferries and other boats from traveling at night during the April-May stormy season. One of the ferries,MV Mitali,was carrying far more people than it was supposed to.About 400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300,police said.The second ferry carried about 100 passengers.
"The number of deaths is certain to rise."said an official in charge of the rescue work."No one really knows how many people were on board the ferry or how many of them survived." Ferries in Bangladesh don't always keep passenger lists,making it difficult to determine the exact number of people on board.Besides the ferry accidents,at least 40 people were killed and 400 injured by lightning strikes.falling houses and trees and the sinking of small boats.Storms are common this time of year in Bangladesh,as are boating accidents.Ferry disasters take away hundreds of lives every year in a nation of 130 million people.Officials blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measures, too many passengers in boats and not enough checks on weather conditions. Ferries are a common means of transport in Bangladesh.It is a country covered by about 230 rivers.Some 20,000 ferries use the nation's Waterways every year.And many of them are dangerously overcrowded.Since 1977, more than 3,000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents. [/INST] question: The two ferry disasters occurred _ . | options: A: at noon B: in the morning C: at night D: In the afternoon | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: It is formulated in a pre-filled, single-use nasal sprayer: 6 mg tetracaine HCl and 0.1 mg oxymetazoline HCl (equivalent to 5.27 mg tetracaine and 0.088 mg oxymetazoline) in each 0.2 mL spray. It is intended for intranasal use only, and administration should be on the same side as the maxillary tooth being treated. It is recommended to wait 10 minutes after administration and then determine anesthesia effectiveness.
Topical tetracaine has been safely and effectively used intranasally by the ear-nose-throat (ENT) medical community for ENT procedures. Patients noticed that their upper teeth felt numb, which led to interest in the application of this type of anesthesia for dentistry. The oxymetazoline (the active ingredient in Afrin and other nasal decongestant sprays) was added to Kovanaze to slow systemic absorption of the tetracaine and improve the duration of action.
https://www.rdhmag.com/patient-care/article/16409318/needleless-intranasal-spray-kovanaze-product-for-local-anesthesia-makes-its-debut [/INST] question: Best LA agent for intranasal instillation: | options: A: Articaine B: Tetracaine C: Lignocaine D: Bupivacaine | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Poor urinary stream in 3 years old boy suggests urinary tract obstruction (usually intravesical) and the most common cause of obstructive uropathy in a male child is posterior urethral valve.
Posterior urethral valve
These are symmetrical folds of urothelium extending distally from prostatic urethra to external urinary sphincter.
It most commonly lies just distal to the verumontanum or at the verumontanum*
It occurs only in males.
It behaves as flap valves so, although urine does not flow normally a urethral catheter can be passed without difficulty.
Sometimes, the valves are incomplete and the patient remains without symptoms until adolescence or adulthood.
Approximately 30% of patients experience end stage renal disease
Vesicoureteral reflux occurs in 50% of patients.
Diagnosis is made by
voiding cystourethrogram* &
endoscopy
Both of these investigations clearly depict the site of obstruction.
The diagnosis can be established prenatally by ultrasound.*
Management
First, a small polyethene feeding tube is inserted in the bladder and left for several days. Then further management is done according to serum creatinine level.
with normal serum creatinine → transurethral ablation of the valve leaflets. *
With increased serum creatinine and the worsening of condition → vesicostomy to bypass the obstruction and when normal creatinine levels are achieved, transurethral ablation is done. [/INST] question: A three years old boy presents with the poor urinary stream. Most likely cause is - | options: A: Stricture urethra B: Neurogenic bladder C: Urethral calculus D: Posterior urethral valve | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) the thorax doesn’t need to be opened. Esophagus is removed through the diaphragmatic hiatus by making incisions in the abdomen and the neck.
In this operation, first, an upper abdominal incision is made. The surgeon mobilizes the esophagus by working upward through the diaphragmatic hiatus.
With the addition of an incision on the left side of the neck, the surgeon completes the mobilization of the esophagus, removes it, and moves the stomach upward through the hiatus and into the chest until its upper end appears in the neck wound. The remaining esophagus is connected to the stomach in the neck (cervical esophagogastric anastomosis).
Advantages of Transhiatal esophagectomy over transthoracic esophagectomy:
The two leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the first few days after a transthoracic esophagectomy are
Lung complications (especially pneumonia) associated with a large operation that requires opening both the chest and the abdomen. The pain of these combined incisions may make it difficult for the patient to take a deep breath early after the operation, and this allows pneumonia to set in; and
Severe infection in the chest (mediastinitis) resulting due to a "leak" from the intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis.
After a THE, because the patient has not had the chest opened, there is less pain early after surgery, the patient can move about better as a result, and lung complications are less.
Furthermore, if an anastomotic leak occurs, it can be easily managed by a simple cervical drainage as the anastomosis here is placed in the neck. [/INST] question: Transhiatal esophagectomy was planned for adenocarcinoma of the lower end of esophagus. The approach would be in the following order: | options: A: Abdomen-Neck B: Abdomen-Thorax-Neck C: Neck-Thorax-Abdomen D: Abdomen-Thorax | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: I have a friend named John Roberts who owns a horse ranch in San Ysidro.The last time I was there he shared a story with me. "It is a story about a young man who was the son of an itinerant horse trainer. When he was a senior,he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up."
That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote about his dream in great detail and he even drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch, showing the location of all the buildings,the stables and the track.
"The next day he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later he received his paper back. On the front page was a large red F with a note that read, 'See me after class.'"
"The boy went to see the teacher after class and asked, 'Why did I receive an F?'"
"The teacher said, 'This is an unrealistic dream for a young boy like you. You have no money. You come from an itinerant family. You have no resources. Owning a horse ranch requires a lot of money. You have to buy the land. You have to pay for the original breeding stock and later you'll have to pay large stud fees. There's no way you could ever do it.' Then the teacher added, 'If you will rewrite this paper with a more realistic goal, I will reconsider your grade.'"
"The boy went home and asked his father what he should do. His father said, 'Look, son, you have to make up your own mind on this. However, I think it is a very important decision for you.'"
"Finally,after sitting with it for a week, the boy turned in the same paper, making no changes at all. He stated, 'You can keep the F and I'll keep my dream.'"
John continued, "I tell you this story because you are sitting in the middle of my 200-acre horse ranch. I still have that school paper framed over the fireplace." He added, "If I had changed my paper at that time, maybe we would not have the chance to be here talking about the dreams ." [/INST] question: What was the boy's goal described in his seven-page paper? | options: A: to own a horse ranch B: to be a senior trainer C: to build many buildings D: to buy many horses | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: WELLINGTON, September 19 (Xinhua) -- If your teenage son won't get out of bed in the morning, then take comfort from the fact that he might be sleeping his way to a healthier future, according to a new research from New Zealand.
Researchers in human nutrition at the University of Otago have found that teenage boys who sleep less have more body fat when compared to girls, for whom lack of sleep has no noticeable effect on their body fat ratios.
The study of 386 boys and 299 girls aged 15 to 18 found that average-sized 16-year-old boy weighing 69.5 kg and 176 cm tall, who slept for eight hours a day, had a waist size l.8 cm bigger and l.6 kg, or 9 percent, more body fat than the average-sized boy who slept 10 hours a day.
"The boys who slept eight hours a day would also have l.8 kg more lean (bone and muscle) mass compared to the boys who slept 10 hours, but that's only a 1.4-percent increase, compared to the 9- percent increase seen in body fat," said lead researcher from the Department of Human Nutrition, Dr. Paula Skidmore.
"Our results suggest that for older teenage boys, making sure that they get enough sleep may help to maintain a healthier body. It seems to be that, within reason, the more sleep the better for boys," Skidmore said in a statement Thursday.
"It was unexpected that we did not find the same result in girls, who may actually be more aware of their diet and more in tune with a healthier lifestyle."
The researchers ruled out the effects of food choice and number of screens, such as televisions, games and consoles, which the teenagers had in their bedrooms. [/INST] question: What's the research really about? | options: A: Boys and girls B: Food and weight C: Sleep and health D: Screens and fat | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Nowadays, shopping online becomes a new way of shopping. It is getting more and more popular. Many people like doing some shopping through Internet.
Why is shopping online becoming more and more popular? First, it provides lots of advantages . There are many goods on the Internet. People can find anything they want. The price on the Internet is usually cheaper than that in the store. People can save some money.Second, more and more people have their own computers and they join their computers with the Internet. So it is possible for many of them to do shopping through the Internet. People don't need to go to the shop themselves. They can save a lot of time.
But, a coin has two sides. Customers can only see the pictures of the goods on the Internet. And they can't enjoy the pleasure of buying things in a large supermarket or a wonderful shopping center. Maybe shopping online makes people boring. So some people don't like this new wayof shopping. They are worried about the safety of shopping online. [/INST] question: Many people are interested in _ online. | options: A: watchingTV B: reading C: studying D: shopping | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The famous car Rolls-Royce has been largely hand-made and always one of the most expensive cars on the market.
In fact, Rolls-Royce is made up of two men's names, Charles S. Rolls and Henry Royce. They came from very different backgrounds, received very different educations and when they met; their careers were going in very different directions.
In 1903, Royce bought a second-hand France Decauville car. He found the car unreliable, difficult to start and overheated. Royce decided he could do better himself and set about building two-cylinder car of his own design. The first of these, built almost completely by Royce himself, was a success in almost every way: it started easily, ran smoothly and was very reliable. It never failed to impress everyone who saw it rode in the car, including Rolls.
While he was a university student at Cambridge, Rolls acquired a French Peugeot. It was the first automobile seen at Cambridge and by the time Rolls finished his studies, he was probably the most skilled driver in Britain. In 1902, Rolls went into the business of selling cars and became a leading automobile
. He was looking for a British car to market when he was told that Henry Royce had designed and built a two-cylinder automobile.
In 1904, Royce and Rolls joined together to build and sell motor car. They combined their talents--Royce the engineer and Rolls the salesman and businessman.
And, just two years later, the partnership produced the Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost, a milestone car acclaimed by many by the time as the " best in the world". Over the years the automaker built a legendary reputation. [/INST] question: The Rolls-Royce is expensive for its _ . | options: A: procedure B: engine C: function D: impression | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Despite great affection for their parents,many Chinese people remain "too shy" to express love for them,according to an online survey.
The poll of around 6,000 people,conducted by Beijing--based recruitment website Zhaopin.com,was conducted as the nation gears up (......)for Mother's Day on Sunday.
Although 74.6 percent of participants said they knew their mothers' birthday,only 25.5 percent would like to actually tell her "I love you".
"This figure suggests mothers occupy an important place in most participants' mind. Yet,many people still find it 'embarrassing' to express their affection," the survey's organizer said.
As to the form of celebration on Mother's Day,67 percent of participants said they would prepare some gifts,with 70 percent saying that they would spend no more than 500 yuan (74 US dollars),while 51 percent said they planned to phone their mother because they would either be too busy at work or be away from home.
"I do love my mother deeply but I have never said 'I love you' that often. It just feels quite weird for me to say it to her in person,"said Stella Wang,a 27yearold office worker,noting that she prefers to express her feelings in writing on birthday or Christmas cards.
"I have to say that it's difficult for me to express my love for my mother. I think if I did say it out loud,it might confuse her," said Liang Hao,a 32yearold engineer.
"Very few Chinese,at least those I know,are used to saying 'I love you',they may never even say it once," said Mike Denver,an American working in Shanghai as an English teacher.
Hu Shoujun,a sociology professor from Shanghai's Fudan University said,"The personality of the Chinese people is generally quiet,reserved and serious. For Chinese,it's unnecessary and even regarded as 'odd' to display their affection for s and friends." [/INST] question: The cause of conducting the poll is to _ . | options: A: find out how the Chinese will express their love to parents B: make preparations for Mother's Day C: survey how many people will say "I love you" to their parents D: survey what the Chinese will do on Mother's Day | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Overproduction of DHFR Mechanism of action of methotrexate Methotrexate enter the cell by reduced folate carrier Once inside the cell methotrexate is polyglutamylated. The polyglutamylated.forms of methotrexate are potent inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase The polyglutamased.forms of methotrexate are conveed back to monoglutamate .form in lysosomes by the glytamyl hydrolase and is subsequently effluxed from the cell Methotrexate resistance can occur through any of the following five mechanism Decreased entry into the cell due to impaired transpo Decreased retention as a consequence of lack of pohyglutammate formation An increase in DHFR An altered mutated DHFR that binds less avidly than the normal enzyme to the drug. Increased level of lysosomal enzyme 2 glutamyl hydrolase that hydrolyse methotrexate polyglutamates Decreased transpo A common mechanism of methotrexate resistance is reduced.folale transpo carrier The decreased transpo is common mechanism to methotrexate resistance in relapsed ALL. Impaired Polyglutammation The polyglutammated.forms of methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. The intracellular content of polyglutammate derivatives of methotrexate is controlled by a balance between folypolyglutamate synthetase and glutamyl hydrolase activity. Folypolyglutamate synthetase produces polyglutammate while A glutamyl hydrolase conves its bact to monoglutamate form A lower content of methotrexate polyglutamate could he due to decreased synthesis or an increased catabolism of methotrexate polyglutamates by A glutamate hydrolase. Increased DHFR The main mechanism of action of methotrexate is inhibition of the enzyme DHFR. - Methotrexate is a tight binding inhibitor of DHFR and the concentration of methotrexate required to achieve enzyme activity increases in direct propoion to the amount of enzyme in target cells. - If is now well established that an impoant mechanism of resistance of cells to methotrexate is an increase in DHFR production due to amphification of the DHFR gene Mutation in DHFR Mutation is DHFR genes may be responsible .for methotrexate resistance. Mutation in DHFR causes production of altered forms of DHFR that have decreased affinity.for the inhibitor. [/INST] question: Methotrexate resistance occurs by | options: A: Depletion of folate B: Overproduction of DHFR C: Deficiency of thymidylate synthase D: Deficiency of thiamine kinase | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: 17-year-old Tibetan boy climbs 40 meters up a tall tree only to get some honey as an ingredient for a traditional local drink. The money he makes from selling the honey will be used to pay for his younger brother's tuition fee .
This is only a scene from the first episode of CCTV's new documentary, A Bite of China 2(2), which appeared on April 18, 2014. But they are enough reasons for viewers to spend an hour every Friday until June 6 enjoying in front of their television sets. Viewers have had to wait a long time since A Bite of China 1 came out in 2012.
Back then, the seven-episode documentary was considered the best one ever produced by CCTV, with its good effects and rich food culture. A famous foreigner praised it, saying "it's the best TV show I've ever seen about food. I'm sure it's the best one ever made. "
The new season includes eight episodes, covering 300 types of food. According to CCTV, every minute of the show was edited out of 150 minutes of footage . Finding their subjects was often the hardest part of the film team's job. It took them six months to film a beekeeping couple , which included a journey of more than 2,000 kilometers.
Food is a personal thing, in that no dish suits all tastes. However, the program has still managed to move all sorts of viewers. "Compared with A Bite of China 1, the new season has a more human touch, which makes viewers cover some tears while their mouths are watering," said Sina Entertainment.
As always, the people are the most interesting part. A Bite of China 2 shows a greater dream--through homemade food, it tells the joys and _ of common Chinese in changing times, according to director Chen Xiaoqing of the documentary series .
"I was moved by the people in each simple story," said Li Weifang, 17, of Beijing No 3 High School. "Their work helps enrich China's food culture. "
In fact, that is exactly what the new season hopes to deliver . Through the program, "the listeners will see the characteristics of the Chinese people: save and tenacity ," Chen told Xinhua Internet.
,,. (2,10) [/INST] question: When did A Bite of China 2 appear on CCTV? | options: A: From 2012 B: From April 18, 2014 C: Until June 8, 2014 D: Every Friday through the coming year | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The image in the question is Coronal T2W brain MRI showing bilateral symmetrical hyperintensity along coicospinal tract (white arrows) forming a 'wine glass appearance'.MRI can be used in revealing lesions in coicospinal tracts in ALS. The earliest MR manifestation is hyperintensity on T2WI in the coicospinal tracts, seen earliest in the internal capsule, as the fibers are most concentrated here. Thereafter, the entire tract from motor strip to the spinal cord is affected with increased T2 signal and loss of volume. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis It is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, limb and truncal atrophy and bulbar signs and symptoms. Mean age at diagnosis is 57 years. Disease progression is relentless; half the patients are dead within 3 years and 90% have died by 6 years following symptom onset.As it is a progressive disease, so there is no known cure or way of reversing its effect. The other name of this disease is Lou Gehrig's disease and Charcoat's disease. Non-tau inclusions and degeneration in spinal motor neurons and pyramidal tracts (coicospinal tracts) usually produce signal changes on T2WI. T2WI shows high signal areas along the large myelinated pyramidal tract fibers in the posterior limb of the internal capsule and cerebral peduncles in about 25% cases.Thereafter, the entire tract from motor strip to the spinal cord is affected with increased T2 signal and loss of volume. MRI imaging of the brain and spinal cord, especially with IV gadolinium, also helps to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS). The brain MRI is abnormal in 95% to 99% of cases of Relapsing/Remitting MS. Typical MS lesions are bright lesions on T2-weighted imaging, especially in the corpus callosum and periventricular regions. These lesions are usually linear or ovoid and at right angles to the ventricular surface, which are named Dawson fingers after the Scottish pathologist who described it. The most frequent neurological manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency is the subacute combined degeneration (SACD) of the spinal cord and polyneuropathy, rarely dementia and damage of the optic nerve occur. Numbness of the limbs and trunk is an early symptom; weakness, clumsiness and spasticity, abnormal reflexes, gait ataxia develop later. MRI reveals hyperintensities involving dorsal columns of spinal cord in cervical and upper dorsal region. Timely parenteral Vit B12 can result in complete resolution clinically as well as radiologically. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the most commonly inherited neurodegenerative disease that leads to infant moality worldwide. Itis the leading genetic cause of infant death. On MRI,low intensity areas are seen scattered through the muscle. [/INST] question: A middle-aged vegetarian man presents with progressive atrophy and weakness of hands and forearms. On examination he is found to have slight spasticity of legs, and generalized hyperreflexia. MRI study if the brain was obtained and increased signals were noted in thecoicospinal tracts on T2 weighted MRI (shown below). The most likely diagnosis is | options: A: Multiple sclerosis B: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis C: Subacute combined degeneration D: Progressive spinal muscular atrophy | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The owner of a missing cat is asking for help. "My baby has been missing for over a month now, and I want him back so badly," said Mrs. Brown, a 56-year-old woman. Mrs. Brown lives by herself in a trailer park near Clovis. She said that Clyde, her 7-year-old cat, didn't come home for dinner more than a month ago. The next morning he didn't appear for breakfast either. After Clyde missed an extra-special lunch, she called the police.
When the policeman asked her to describe Clyde, she told him that Clyde had beautiful green eyes, had all his teeth but was missing half of his left ear, and was seven years old and completely white. She then told the officer that Clyde was about a foot high.
A bell went off. "Is Clyde your child or your pet?" the officer suspiciously asked. "Well, he's my cat, of course," Mrs. Brown replied. "Lady, you're supposed to report missing PERSONS, not missing CATS," said the _ policeman. "Well, who can I report this to?" she asked. "You can't. You have to ask around your neighborhood or put up flyers," replied the officer.
Mrs. Brown figured that a billboard would work a lot better than an 8"x11" piece of paper on a telephone pole. There was an empty billboard at the end of her street just off the interstate highway. The billboard had a phone number on it. She called that number, and they told her they could blow up a picture of Clyde (from Mrs. Brown's family album) and put it on the billboard for all to see.
"But how can people see it when they whiz by on the interstate?" she asked. "Oh, don't worry, ma'am, they only whiz by between 2 a.m. and 5:30 a.m. The rest of the day, the interstate is so full of commuters that no one moves." They told her it would cost only $3,000 a month. So she took most of the money out of her savings account and rented the billboard for a month.
The month has passed, but Clyde has not appeared. Because she has almost no money in savings, Mrs. Brown called the local newspaper to see if anyone could help her rent the billboard for just one more month. She is waiting but, so far, no one has stepped forward. [/INST] question: How long has the cat been missing? | options: A: More than a month B: More than two months C: More than three months D: It's been back | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Clinical manifestations of COA
Symptoms of coarctation of aorta occurs due to decrease in blood supply distal to aortic obstruction.
If obstruction is distal to left subclavian artery, manifestations are due to arterial insufficiency to lower limbs.
Intermittent claudication
Pain
Weakness of Leg
Dysnea on running
Weak pulses and lower BP in the lower extremities --> Delayed or weak impalpable femorals compared to strong brachial arteries.
Collateral circulation develops between precoarctation arterial branches and the post coarctation arteries through enlarged intercostal and internal mammaty arteries.
This produces radiologically visible erosions (notching) of undersurface (inferior) of ribs.
Hypertension --> Headache, dizziness.
If the obstruction is proximal to left subclavian artery ---> Blood supply to left arm (supplied by left subclavian) is interrupted whereas blood supply to right arm is normal -* Pressure difference in two arms.
Murmur in coarctation of aorta
The blood passing through the narrowed aorta —> Midsystolic murmur in anterior part of chest, back and spinous process.
When lumen becomes severly narrowed the blood flow through it, turns into a high velocity jet -p Continous murmur.
COA is associated with bicuspid aortic valve in 50-80% of patients. The bicuspid valve produce aortic regurgitation Diastolic murmur. [/INST] question: A child presented with headache, dizziness, intermittent claudication with occasional dyspnoea.The most probable diagnosis in – | options: A: ASD B: PDA C: TOF D: Coarctation of aorta | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: The Elysee Palace in France enjoys equal popularity in the world with the Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom, the Kremlin in Russia as well as the White House in the U. S. It is the residence of the president of the French Republic and the symbol of the supreme authority in France.
The Elysee palace, with an area of 11,000 square metres, is at the eastern end of the Champs Elysee in the city of Paris proper and backed by a large and peaceful garden of more than twenty thousand square metres. Its main building, quite handsome and graceful, is a two-story classical stone architecture of European style, and beside it are two side buildings facing each other and with an extensive rectangular courtyard in the middle. There are altogether 369 halls and rooms of different sizes.
The Elysee Palace, built in 1718, has a ling history of close to300 years to date. This house was at first a private residence of a count named d'Evreau, so it was called Hotel d'Evreau. It had later gone through many changes and its owners had been changed for many times, but all the residents in it were distinguished persons and high officials. The house was renamed Bonaparte Mansion when it was owned by Louis X V and Louis X VI successively when they acted as emperors. Napoleon I signed his act of abdication here when he had suffered defeat in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Nopoleon III moved in the Mansion in 1848 when he was elected president, and the house became a Royal Palace when he declared himself as emperor. The Third French Republic issued a decree in 1873, appointing officially the Elysee Palace as the residence president of the French Republic. Over the hundred years since then, almost all the president of the French Republic worked and lived there. Starting from 1989, the Elysee Palace is open to the public every year in September on the French Castles Day. [/INST] question: The number of the buildings of the Elysee Palace is _ . | options: A: 3 B: 4 C: 5 D: 6 | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: As the oldest university in the English-speaking world, Oxford is a unique and historic institution. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. From 1878, academic halls were established for women and they were admitted to full membership of the University in 1920. Five all-male colleges first admitted women in 1974. St Hilda's College, which was originally for women only, was the last of Oxford's single sex colleges. It has admitted both men and women since 2008.
By 1200, the town of Cambridge had at least one school of some distinction. Then, in 1209, some scholars settled there. By 1226 the scholars were numerous enough to have set up an organisation, and seem to have arranged regular courses of study, taught by their own members. From the start there was conflict between the town and the students. Students, usually aged about fourteen or fifteen, often caused disturbances; citizens of the town, on the other hand, were known to overcharge for rooms and food. King Henry III took the scholars under his protection as early as 1231 and arranged for them to be sheltered from exploitation by their landlords.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. The current 168-acre campus opened in 1916 and extends over 1 mile (1.6 km) along the northern bank of the Charles River basin.
On April 29, 1911, Tsinghua Xuetang began its first term of study, and from that year on, the Tsinghua's anniversary has fallen on the last Sunday of April. Following the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan in 1937, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University combined to form the National Southwest Associated University in Kunming. After the war, Tsinghua University moved back to its original Beijing campus. [/INST] question: The University of Oxford did not take in female students until _ . | options: A: 2008 B: 1878 C: 1920 D: 1974 | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Dear students,
Volunteering has never been an easy task. But if you are one of us, you will make a difference. Anyone who wants to volunteer-whether you work full-time or part-time-can find a way to help in our area. Below is an easy how-to guide to becoming a volunteer in our school.
First, you need to complete an online volunteer form, which includes your personal information and volunteering experiences. The form is only on the school website. Once you are told that you can volunteer, you will only have to sign in with our clock system, wear your badge with your name on it, and when leaving, sign out to make sure your volunteer hours are recorded.
Things you need to remember:
1. Sign in with the clock system every time you are in school.
2. Wear your badge.
3. Sign out when you leave to make sure your volunteer hours are recorded.
Everyone, whether you are a volunteer or a visitor, will be asked to show one of the following to tell who you are in order to get past the school gate:
1. A driver's license in use;
2. A state-issued ID card;
3. A work visa;
4. A green card.
If you are interested in volunteering, please fill out a school volunteer form and return it to the school Volunteer Officer or front office. The school volunteer officer will call you to discuss ways in which you can help in our school.
Kevin Winberry
Volunteer Program Director [/INST] question: If you want to become a volunteer in the school, you need to _ at first. | options: A: get a work visa B: complete a volunteer form C: call the school office D: sign in with our clock system | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: It seems more and more Americans want schools to teach foreign languages to children younger than five years old.The most popular way to teach these young children another language is called immersion .
Children in immersion programs hear only the new language in the classroom.The children play games, sing songs and talk to one another in the new languages, some experts say immersion programs are the most effective way for young children to learn a language.But there can be a problem when children in the United States begin to learn another language at such an early age.Not many elementary schools continue to teach a foreign language.Only seven of the fifty states require schools to teach a foreign language to students between the ages of six and twelve.Language experts say it is easier for younger children to learn a language.Still, American schools generally do not begin to teach foreign languages until secondary schools.By then, students are about thirteen years old.
American schools face difficult choices about the cost of educational programs.The government has increased support for foreign language study in its education law called No Child Left Behind.
At the college, the Modern Language Association says more students than ever are studying foreign languages and more languages are being studied now than in the past.Spanish is the most widely taught in American colleges and universities.French, German, Chinese and Italian are also popular. [/INST] question: The most popular way to teach the American children another language is called _ . | options: A: task B: speaking C: immersion D: listening | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, "The business of America is business." By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.
Few would argue with Ford's statement. A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as"the entertainment industry"or"show business."
The positive side of Henry Ford's statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.
The negative side of Henry Ford's statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business--referring to the biggest companies, is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing--the laying off of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high--creates feelings of insecurity for many. [/INST] question: The United States is a typical country _ . | options: A: which encourages free trade at home and abroad B: where people's chief concern is how to make money C: where all businesses are managed scientifically D: which normally works according to the federal budget | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Over the years I've been teaching children about a simple but powerful concept -- the ant philosophy .I think everybody should study ants.
They have an amazing four-part philosophy, and here is the first part: ants never quit. That's a good philosophy. If they're headed somewhere and you try to stop them; they'll look for another way.
They'll climb over, they'll climb under, and they'll climb around. They keep looking for another way. What a neat philosophy, to never quit looking for a way to get where you're supposed to go.
Second, ants think winter all summer. That's an important viewpoint. You can't be so naive ( ) as to think summer will last forever. So ants are gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer.
An ancient story says, "Don't build your house on the sand in the summer. " Why do we need that advice.'? Because it is important to be realistic. In the summer, you've got to think storm. You've got to think rocks as you enjoy the sand and sun. Think ahead.
The third part of the ant philosophy is that ants think summer all winter. That is so important. During the winter, ants remind themselves, "This won't last long ; we'll soon be out of here. " And on the first warm day, the ants are out. If it turns cold again, they'll dive back down, but then they come out on the first warm day. They can't wait to get out.
And here's the last part of the ant-philosophy. How much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter? All he possibly can. What an incredible philosophy, the "all-you-possibly-can" philosophy.
Wow, what a great seminar to attend -- the ant seminar. Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can. [/INST] question: If you try to stop ants going forward, they will | options: A: climb over your head B: quit looking for a way C: search for another way D: keep climbing around | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: On a Friday night,a poor young violinist was playing his violin at the entrance of the subway station. The music was so great that people slowed down to listen and put some money into his hat.
The next day,the violinist came to the entrance again. He put down his hat as usual. Beside the hat was a piece of paper with some words on it. It said,"A George Sang has put an important thing into my hat by mistake. Welcome to claim it."Soon the people were all attracted by the words and wondered what it could be. After a while a man rushed through the crowd,took the violinist's shoulders and said,"I knew you would certainly come here."The violinist asked,"Did you lose something?""Lottery ."The violinist took out a lottery ticket with Sang's name on it. Sang took it and danced happily.
Sang was an office worker. He bought the lottery and won a prize of$500,000.But when he gave$50 to the violinist for his wonderful music,the lottery ticket was thrown in, too. The violinist was a college student. That morning,he was going to fly to Vienna for high education. However,when he found the ticket,he cancelled the flight and returned to the entrance.
Later someone asked the violinist why he didn't take the lottery ticket to pay the tuition fee .He said"Although I don't have much money,I live happily. If I lose honesty ,I won't be happy forever." [/INST] question: The young man played the violin for _ at the entrance of the subway station. | options: A: pleasure B: money C: Love D: friends | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Many primary immunologic deficiencies can be classified as defects of T- lymphocyte function (containment of fungi, protozoa, acid-fast bacteria, and certain viruses) and B-lymphocyte function (synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins). Among the T-cell diseases is DiGeorge anomaly, in which defective embryologic development of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches results in hypoplasia of both thymus and parathyroid glands. Associated findings with DiGeorge anomaly include CATCH: C for cardiac, A for abnormal faces, T for thymic hypoplasia, C for cleft palate, and H for hypocalcemia.Primary B-cell diseases include X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA, or Bruton disease), a deficiency of all three major classes of immunoglobulins, as well as other selective deficiencies of the immunoglobulins or their subgroups. This condition usually presents after 3 months of age (after maternal antibodies wane) with recurrent and often simultaneous bouts of otitis media, pneumonia, diarrhea, and sinusitis, but usually without fungal and viral infections. Combined T- and B-cell diseases include the X-linked recessive Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome of mild T-cell dysfunction, diminished serum IgM, marked elevation of IgA and IgE, eczema, recurrent middle-ear infections, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Patients with the catastrophic combined T- and B-cell disease known as severe combined immunodeficiency disease (Swiss-type lymphopenic agammaglobulinemia or SCID), have deficient T and B cells. Consequently, they have lymphopenia and agammaglobulinemia, as well as thymic hypoplasia. Chronic diarrhea; rashes; recurrent, serious bacterial, fungal, or viral infections; wasting; and early death are characteristic. Other T- and B-cell deficiencies include ataxia telangiectasia and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.Job-Buckley syndrome is a disorder of phagocytic chemotaxis associated with hypergammaglobulin E, eczema-like rash, and recurrent severe staphylococcal infections. [/INST] question: For the below set of immunologic abnormalities, select the most likely clinical presentation.Serum IgGSerum IgASerum IgMT-cell functionParathyroid functionNormalNormalNormalDecreasedDecreased | options: A: A 5-year-old boy who, after 3 months of age, developed recurrent otitis media, pneumonia, diarrhea, and sinusitis, often with simultaneous infections at two or more disparate sites B: A distinctive-appearing 8-month-old boy with an interrupted aortic arch, hypocalcemia, and cleft palate C: A 1-year-old boy with severe eczema, recurrent middle-ear infections, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia D: A 9-year-old boy with an eczema-like rash and recurrent severe staphylococcal infections | answer: D </s> |
<s>[INST] context: One way that scientists learn about man is by studying animals.In this lab, the scientists are studying the relationship between diet and health.
They are studying the relationship between the amount of food the mice eat and their health.The mice are in three groups.All three groups are receiving the same healthy food.The first group is eating one cup of food each day, the second group is eating two cups, and the third group is eating three cups.
After three years, the healthiest group is the one that is only eating one cup of food each day.The mice in this group are a little thinner. But _ are more active.Most of the day, they are running, playing with one another.Also, they are living longer.Mice usually live for two years.Most of the mice in this group are still alive after three years.
The second group of mice is healthy, too.They are active, but not as active as the thinner mice.They are only living about two years.
The last group of mice is receiving more food than the other two groups.Most of the day, these mice are eating or sleeping.They are not very active.These mice are living longer than the scientists thought-about a year and a half.But they are not healthy.They are sick more often than the other two groups. [/INST] question: People give each group of the mice _ amount of food every year. | options: A: a different B: the same C: a small D: a large | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Obturator nerve is the largest nerve formed from the anterior divisions of lumbar plexus (L2,L3,L4).The roots unite within the posterior pa of psoas, and then descends through psoas and runs downward over sacral ala into lesser pelvis, lying lateral to ureter and internal iliac vessels. They enter the upper pa of the obturator foramen and then subsequently divides into anterior and posterior branches. Anterior Division:Muscular branches: To the following muscles;GracilisAdductor brevisAdductor longusPectineus (variable)Aicular branches: To hip jointSensory branches: To medial aspect of thigh Posterior Division:Muscular branches: To the following muscles;Obturator externusAdductor pa of adductor magnusAdductor brevis (variable)Aicular branch: To knee joint Must know:Adductor magnus has double nerve supply. Its adductor pa is supplied by the obturator nerve, while its hamstring pa is supplied by the tibial pa of the sciatic nerve. The pectineus also has a double innervation; its anterior fibres are supplied by the femoral nerve and the posterior fibres by the obturator nerve. [/INST] question: A patient presented with defective adduction of the hip joint with pain in the knee and hip joint, the nerve involved is? | options: A: Obturator nerve B: Tibial nerve C: Femoral nerve D: Saphenous nerve | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Better think twice before choosing a _ for email, online bank or shopping. Simple passwords are easy to be stolen.
A password is like a key to your home. If someone steals it, he'll get chances to steal something else. We use passwords everywhere in our life. We are so used to passwords that we don't pay any attention to them until we lose or forget one.
A study of 28,000 passwords recently stolen from a popular website showed that people often do the easy thing. It found that 16% took a first name as a password. Another 14% used the easiest keyboard combinations such as "12345678"or "QWERTY". 5% of the stolen passwords were names of television shows or stars popular with young people. 3% of the passwords expressed feelings like "I don't care", "Whatever", "I love you" or their opposite, "I hate you".
Robert Graham, who did the study, advises people to choose a password that is longer than eight characters with one capital letter and one symbol.
Of course, safe passwords don't mean those hard to remember. Forgetting your password is sometimes a big headache for you. Maybe, the perfect password is easy for you and hard for others.
,,. [/INST] question: About 40% passwords are easily stolen because the users are _ . | options: A: busy B: lazy C: stupid D: careful | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Shirley Temple(1928--2014),an American actress,was considered among the most successful child stars in the history of film.Born by an ambitious mother,Temple first appeared in a film at the age of three,and at six she starred in Stand Up and Cheer (1934).Known and recognized for her ability to sing and tapdance in several films,Temple became a famous figure in 1934.At the end of that year she was given a special Academy Award "in grateful recognition of her outstanding contribution.''
During the Great Depression of the l930s,Temple was celebrated by an adoring public.At the height of her popularity,from l935 to 1938,Temple was the biggest box-office attraction in Hollywood.Temple made a number of films as a teenager,but her appeal had faded,and the films were not successful.In l949, Temple depaaed elegantly from Hollywood.
Two decades later,she reappeared into the spotlight by announcing her qualification as a candidate for Congress.She lost the election,but Temple displayed her determination and went on to enjoy a long and successful:career with the United Nations and the State Department.
After retirement,she reposed that she was at peace with her life and proud of her accomplishments in two of the nation's most influential areas."If I had to do it all over again.''Shirley Temple once declared,''I wouldn't change anything.'' [/INST] question: Temple became famous at the age of | options: A: 3 B: 6 C: 10 D: 2l | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: For the British, the home is a private place in which he or she goes to hide away from the troubles of life. It is very seldom that one would be invited to a British person's home. It is rude to knock on a person's door if you are not invited. If you are invited, don't ask to see more than the downstairs that your British host invites you into. Never ask how much the house or any of the items in it cost.
To the American, most of them want their home to be a place where they can entertain and share their lives with their friends. They may be delighted to give you a full tour of their houses. They may also be pleased when you show your interest and pleasure in their houses.
Both British and American people will _ quite a bit of chat and a drink or two before the meal is served. After the first mouthful, you should say how delicious the food is and ask something about it. Remember, never eat with your mouth open and make very little noise while eating. It would be nice of you to help your host in any way. Maybe offer to pour some drinks or clear up after the meal. [/INST] question: British people _ invite friends to their home. | options: A: often B: always C: seldom D: never | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography was in 1837.That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading-room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. The kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's way. Travellers brought back wonderful photos from all round the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, photography was developed . Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike .
Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just taken of the real world, they showed ideas and feelings, like other kinds of art. [/INST] question: The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of _ . | options: A: his business B: his house C: his garden D: his window | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than their counterparts did in the ten other countries surveyed.
While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression." Those things that do not show up in the test scores, personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee." Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarII had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."
But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles." In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth becoming centralization, fully 76 percent of Japans, 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter. [/INST] question: In the Westerners eyes, the postwar Japan was _ . | options: A: under aimless development B: a positive example C: a rival to the West D: on the decline | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Robots are common in today's world. They manufacture cars, work in space, explore oceans, clean up oil spills and investigate dangerous environments. And now, scientists at the University of Manchester are using a robot as a laboratory partner.
The researchers at the university created the robot in 2009 and named it Adam. Despite the name, Adam is not a humanoid robot. It is about the size of a car.
Adam was built to do science and make discoveries. Ross King is the leader of the University of Manchester research team. He says the robot made a discovery about yeast , a kind of fungus used in science as a model for human cells.
"Adam hypothesized certain functions of genes within yeast and experimentally tested these hypothesizes and confirmed them. So it both hypothesized and confirmed new scientific knowledge."
Adam's success as a scientist led to the creation of another robot scientist named Eve. Researchers developed Eve to design and test drugs for tropical and neglected diseases. These diseases kill and infect millions of people each year.
Drug development is slow and costly. Experts say it can take more than 10 years and about $1 billion to discover and develop new medicines. Drug manufacturers are unlikely to get their investment money back.
So the University of Manchester developed a low-cost test that shows whether or not a chemical is likely to be made into an effective medicine. Mr. King says that other drug testing methods were not very effective.
"How it works conventionally is you use robotics as well and you have a large collection of possible drugs. You test every single compound. And you start at the beginning of your library and continue until the end, and stop. So it's not a very intelligent process. The robotics doesn't learn anything as it goes along, even if it's tested a million compounds, it still doesn't have any expectation of what will happen next when it tests a new compound."
Mr. King says that Eve is different because the robot learns as it tests different compounds. He says the robot is designed to ignore compounds that it thinks unlikely to be good. It will only test the compounds which have a good chance of working.
Eve has discovered that a compound known to be effective against cancer might also be used to fight against malaria and other tropical diseases.
Mr. King says he hopes to completely automate the drug testing process with robots like Eve to create and test new chemicals. But he says humans remain in control of the manufacturing process. [/INST] question: Scientists now are using a robot to _ . | options: A: manufacture cars B: work in the laboratory C: work in space D: explore oceans | answer: B </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work , a move scientists say can be good for productivity , workplace morale , and the well-being of animals .
A study found that 25% of Australian women would like to keep an office pet . Sue Chaseling of Petcare Information Service said the practice of keeping office pets was good both for the people and the pets . "On the pets' side , they are not left on their own and won't feel lonely and unhappy," she said . A study of major US companies showed that 73% found office pets beneficial , while 27% experienced a drop in absenteeism .
Xarni Riggs has two cats walking around her Global Hair Salon in Paddington . "My customers love them. They are their favorites ," she said . "They are not troublesome . They know when to go and have a sleep in the sun ."
Little black BJ has spent nearly all his two years "working" at Punch Gallery in Balmain . Owner Iain Powell said he had had cats at the gallery for 15 years . "BJ often lies in the shop window and people walking past tap on the glass ," he said .
Ms Chaseling said cats were popular in service industries because they enabled a point of conversation . But she said owners had to make sure both their co-workers and the cats were comfortable . [/INST] question: The percentage of American companies that are in favor of keeping office pets is | options: A: 73% B: 27% C: 25% D: 15% | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: (a) Source: GAS 577, 578; GA 306 Excessive compression of the prepatellar bursa, as in working on bended knees, can result in pain and swelling of the prepatellar bursa, the socalled housemaid's knee. Prepatellar bursitis affects plumbers, carpet layers, and other people who spend a lot of time on their knees. The bursa normally enables the patella to move smoothly under the skin. The constant friction of these occupations irritates this small lubricating sac (bursa) located just in front of the patella, resulting in a deformable tense cushion of fluid. Treatment usually requires simple drainage, but this may need to be repeated and occasionally steroids introduced. Excessive irritation of the infrapatellar bursa in kneeling for frequent and long periods of time (as in prayer) can result in "parson's knee." The posterior cruciate ligament of the knee can be injured in sudden, strong flexion of the knee, with posterior displacement of the tibia upon the femur. The patellar retinacula are strong, tendinous bands of tissue that join the quadriceps tendon to the vastus lateralis and medialis muscles. The lateral meniscus is a cartilaginous structure between the lateral condyles of the femur and tibia. [/INST] question: A 58-year-old female employee of a housecleaning business visits the outpatient clinic with a complaint of constant, burning pain in her knees. Clinical examinations reveal a "housemaid's knee" condition. Which of the following structures is most likely affected? | options: A: Prepatellar bursa B: Infrapatellar bursa C: Posterior cruciate ligament D: Patellar retinacula | answer: A </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Opening week specials at Munchies Food Hall.
At the corner of Green and Brown Streets in the city
Monday 7th of January until Sunday.13rd of January 2008
Feast until you're full! Come down to Monetizes time week to enjoy the special dishes on offer it all of our food outlets. Order from the following:
*Succulent chicken rice *spicy stays beef
*Delicious noodle dishes *plump porky chips
*seafood specialties *crunchy vegetables
*sweet tropical fruit
Halal food is available at the stall. Malay Mood Heaven
Win Prizes and Gifts!
Spend $20.00 or more and win instant prizes from our lucky draw box.
Collect a free party balloon and whistle for each young diner.
Enjoy a free meal if you are the first customer of the day at any of our stalls.
Win a holiday to Western Australia.
A free raffle ticket is given with every receipt . Just fill in your information and place your entry in the box provided.
Winner to be announced inThe Strait Timeson the 15th of January.
Join in the Fun!
Between 7:00 pm and 8:00 pm each evening until the 15th of January, your favorite Channel 3 television actors and singers will entertain you:
*May Lee *Jackie Chen
*Kim Yap * Kamala
Autograph sessions will follow each performance! And who will be our extra special mystery star? Come down on Saturday at noon to find out. [/INST] question: Munchies Food Hall does NOT sell _ . | options: A: pork B: beef C: lamb D: chicken | answer: C </s> |
<s>[INST] context: Dear Amy
How are you? Mum, Dad and I went to Thailand last week. We had a great time!
We arrived at the airport early on Friday morning. I chose a window seat on the plane. I could see the clouds clearly from the window. They looked soft and shiny. Four hours later, we landed in Thailand.
We stayed at a hotel in Pattaya on our first day. We went to the beach. We played different water sports there. We had so much fun! We were tired when we got back to the hotel.
On the next day, we went to Bangkok. We visited two temples there. They looked like golden bells with pointed tops. We took some photos outside the temples and had a walk in the gardens. In the evening, we had dinner at a restaurant next to a lake. The food was very _ so I kept drinking cold water!
On the last day, we hung out at a shopping mall. Mum bought a beautiful tea set. Dad bought some T-shirts and I bought some dried mangoes . We went to the airport after lunch. I was lucky because I got a window seat again. This time I could see the beautiful sunset .
We enjoyed the trip very much. I hope we will go on another trip again soon.
Love
Polly [/INST] question: In Thailand Polly did the following activities EXCEPT _ . | options: A: go shopping B: play water sports C: go to the beach D: enjoy the sunrise | answer: D </s> |
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