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7184 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950 | 1950 | .
Events
January 5 – U.S. Senator Estes Kefauver introduces a law asking for the government to study crime in the U.S.
January 9 – The Israeli government say's that the People's Republic of China is a country
January 11 – Huk guerrillas attack the town of Hermosa in Bataan, Philippines.
January 12 – British submarine Truculent crashes into a Swedish oil tanker in River Thames – 64 people died.
January 13 – Finland is friendly with the People's Republic of China
January 15 – Volcanic cloud kills 5000 in Mount Lamington, New Guinea
January 17 – The Great Brinks Robbery – 11 thieves steal more than $2 million from an armored car in Boston, Massachusetts
January 23 – The Knesset passes an agreement that says Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.
January 24 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs tells about his wartime espionage at Los Alamos to British interrogators – formally charged February 2
January 28 – Somaliland is put under Italian rule
January 29 – Lord Balfour disagrees with the fact that rationing is still in force in Britain
January 31 – President Harry S. Truman announces a program to develop the hydrogen bomb
January 31 – Last Kuomintang troops surrender in continental China
June 5- The Korean War begins
October 2 – Charles M. Schulz publishes the first Peanuts comic strip.
Births
January 3 – Victoria Principal, Japanese-American actress
January 17 – Richard L. Anderson, American sound editor
February 25 - Neil Jordan, Irish director
March 20 - Carl Palmer, English drummer (Emerson, Lake & Palmer)
March 27 - Tony Banks, English keyboardist (Genesis)
April 5 - Agnetha Fältskog, Swedish singer-songwriter and musician (ABBA)
April 12 – Maia Danziger, American actress
April 12 - Larry Kemp, American sound editor
May 9 - Tom Petersson, American bass guitarist (Cheap Trick)
May 13 – Stevie Wonder, American musician
May 13 - Danny Kirwan, English guitarist (Fleetwood Mac) (d. 2018)
May 17 - Howard Ashman, American playwright and lyricist (d. 1991)
May 22 – Bernie Taupin
June 21 - Joey Kramer, American drummer (Aerosmith)
July 28 - Tom Cotcher, Scottish actor
September 10 - Joe Perry, American guitarist (Aerosmith)
September 28 - John Sayles, American filmmaker
October 1 – Randy Quaid, American actor
October 2 - Mike Rutherford, English singer-songwriter and musician (Genesis)
October 2 - Lucas Fuego, Slovak politician and doctor
October 3 - John Curulewski, American guitarist (Styx) (d. 1988)
October 31 – John Candy, Canadian actor (d. 1994)
December 18 - Gillian Armstrong, Australian director
December 29 - László-Braun Rátót, Hungarian politician of German ethnicity
Deaths
January 21 – George Orwell, English writer (b. 1903)
April 7 - Walter Huston, Canadian actor (b. 1883)
November 2 – George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer (b. 1856)
December 30 – Arthur Davidson, American business man (b. 1881)
June 22 – Lonnie Moon
Awards
Movies released
All About Eve
Annie Get Your Gun
Cinderella
King Solomon's Mines
Sunset Boulevard
Hit songs
"A-Razz-A-Ma-Tazz" – Georgia Gibbs
"All My Love (Bolero)" – Patti Page
"Are You Lonesome Tonight?" – Al Jolson
"Ballin' The Jack" – Georgia Gibbs
"Ballin' The Jack" – Danny Kaye
"Be My Love" – Mario Lanza
"Bewitched" – Doris Day
"Black Lace" – Frankie Laine
"Boo-Hoo" – Guy Lombardo & The Lombardo Trio
"A Bushel And A Peck" – Perry Como & Betty Hutton
"Can Anyone Explain? (No, No, No!)" – The Ames Brothers
"Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy" – Red Foley
"Cry Of The Wild Goose" – Frankie Laine
"Daddy's Little Girl" – The Mills Brothers
"Dear, Dear, Dear" – Frankie Laine
"Dream A Little Dream Of Me" – Frankie Laine
"A Dreamer's Holiday" – Buddy Clark & The Girlfriends
"Enjoy Yourself" – Guy Lombardo (Kenny Gardner& The Lombardo Trio vocals)
"Goodnight, Irene" – The Weavers with Gordon Jenkins
"Harbor Lights" – Sammy Kaye
"Here Comes Santa Claus" – Andrews Sisters
"L'Hymne A L'Amour (Hymn To Love)" – Édith Piaf
"I Can Dream, Can't I?" – The Andrews Sisters
"I Love You For That" – Patti Page & Frankie Laine
"I Wanna Be Loved" – The Andrews Sisters
"If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked a Cake" – Eileen Barton
"I'm Moving On" – Hank Snow
"It Isn't Fair" – Sammy Kaye (Don Cornell vocal)
"Let's Go West Again" – Al Jolson
"A Man Gets Awfully Lonesome" – Frankie Laine
"Mona Lisa" – Nat King Cole
"Music, Maestro, Please" – Frankie Laine
"Music! Music! Music!" – Teresa Brewer
"My Heart Cries For You" – Guy Mitchell
"Nevertheless" – The Mills Brothers
"No Other Love" – Jo Stafford
"The Old Piano Roll Blues" Al Jolson & The Andrews Sisters
"Patricia" – Perry Como
"Play A Simple Melody" – Gary Crosby & Friend (Bing Crosby)
"Rag Mop" – The Ames Brothers
"Red Hot Mama" – Georgia Gibbs
"The Roving Kind" – Guy Mitchell
"Sentimental Me" – The Ames Brothers
"Sleepy Ol' River" – Frankie Laine
"Someday" – The Mills Brothers
"Someday" – Vaughn Monroe
"Sometime" – The Mariners
"Stars & Stripes Forever" – Frankie Laine
"Swingin' In A Hammock" – Guy Lombardo (Don Rodney & The Lombardo Trio vocals)
"The Tennessee Waltz" – Patti Page
"There's No Tomorrow" – Tony Martin
"The Thing" – Phil Harris
"The Third Man Theme" – Anton Karas
"The Third Man Theme" – Guy Lombardo
"With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming" – Patti Page
New books
Across the River and Into the Trees – Ernest Hemingway
The Adventurer – Mika Waltari
Beetlecreek – William Demby
Cabbagetown – Hugh Garner
The Cardinal – Henry Morton Robinson
The Child Who Never Grew – Pearl S. Buck
The Disenchanted – Budd Schulberg
The Door in the Wall – Marguerite de Angeli
The Town and the City – Jack Kerouac
Floodtide – Frank Yerby
Florence Nightingale – Cecil Woodham-Smith
The Grass Is Singing – Doris Lessing
I, Robot – Isaac Asimov
Joy Street – Frances Parkinson Keyes
Jubilee Trail – Gwen Bristow
Kon-Tiki – Thor Heyerdahl
The Liberal Imagination – Lionel Trilling
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe – C. S. Lewis
The Little World of Don Camillo – Giovanni Guareschi
The Martian Chronicles – Ray Bradbury
Parade's End – Ford Madox Ford
The Parasites – Daphne du Maurier
Reading and Criticism – Raymond Williams
Scenes from Provincial Life – William Cooper
Star Money – Kathleen Winsor
Summer In The Country – Edith Templeton
La vida breve (A Brief Life) – Juan Carlos Onetti
The Voyage of the Space Beagle – A. E. van Vogt
The Wall'' – John Hersey |
7192 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20R.%20R.%20Tolkien | J. R. R. Tolkien | John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was a British philologist, university professor, and writer. Tolkien is best known for his most famous works, The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
Biography
He was born in Bloemfontein, South Africa but his parents were both from England. He lost much of his family at an early age. He fought in World War I, and after the war he found a job helping to produce the Oxford English Dictionary. Tolkien was very interested in languages, and he had studied at Oxford University. Soon he became a professor of English Language at the University of Leeds. He was then a professor at the University of Oxford until 1959, when he retired. He also was good friends with many other writers and scholars, most notably C. S. Lewis, who wrote the Narnia books, The Screwtape Letters, and many essays on Christian theology. Tolkien himself was a devout Catholic.
Tolkien married Edith Mary Bratt on 22 March 1916 in England, at the age of 24. They had four children, three sons and a girl: John, Michael, Christopher, and Priscilla.
Writing
He created and worked on the fictional fantasy world of Middle-earth for most of his life, and his most famous books are set in that world. Because of his Middle-earth books he is often considered the "father of high fantasy" which made the fantasy genre very popular.
Tolkien wrote other books, for example Farmer Giles Of Ham, and also illustrated (drew the pictures and maps for) The Lord of the Rings. The Lord of the Rings was published in three parts and has been made into several motion pictures. The Lord of the Rings took 12 years to write.
Bibliography
Fiction and poetry
The Hobbit or There and Back Again, (HM). (1937)
Leaf by Niggle (1945, short story)
Farmer Giles of Ham (1949, medieval fable)
The Lord of the Rings (1954–1955)
The Fellowship of the Ring: being the first part of The Lord of the Rings, (HM). (1954)
The Two Towers: being the second part of The Lord of the Rings, (HM). (1954)
The Return of the King: being the third part of The Lord of the Rings, (HM). (1955)
The Adventures of Tom Bombadil and Other Verses from the Red Book (1962)
Smith of Wootton Major (1967)
The Road Goes Ever On (1967)
The Silmarillion (1977)
Unfinished Tales (1980)
The History of Middle-earth (1983–1996)
Bilbo's Last Song (1990)
The Children of Húrin (2007)
The History of The Hobbit (2007)
Academic and other works
Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics (1937)
On Fairy-Stories (1947)
Ancrene Riwle or Ancrene Wisse
References
Other websites
HarperCollins Tolkien Website
Tolkien Biography (The Tolkien Society)
The Lord of the Rings Wiki
Tolkien Gateway Wiki
1952 recording of Tolkien reading part of The Two Towers (from "Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit")
The Tolkien Library - Tolkien news, articles, resource, bibliography, biography, collectors guide
1892 births
1973 deaths
Academics of the University of Oxford
Bloemfontein
British academics
Deaths from pneumonia
English novelists |
7199 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolescence | Adolescence | Adolescence is the time between being a child and a mature adult, that is the period of time during which a person grows into an adult, but are emotionally not mature. Adolescence in the English speaking world usually corresponds to the teenager years of 13-19 which are so named because of the end of the English words "thirteen" to "nineteen".
The ages when one is no longer a child, and when one becomes an adult, vary by culture. In many cultures they are marked by rites of passage. The word comes from the Latin verb adolescere meaning "to grow up." During this time, a person's body, emotions and academic standing change a lot. When adolescence starts, in America, children usually finish elementary school and enter secondary education, such as middle school or high school.
During this period of life, most children go through the physical stages of puberty, which can often begin before a person has reached the age of 13. Most cultures think of people as becoming adults at various ages of the teenage years. For example, Jewish tradition thinks that people are adults at age 13, and this change is celebrated in the Bar Mitzvah (for boys) and the Bat Mitzvah (for girls) ceremony. Usually, there is a formal age of majority when adolescents formally (under the law) become adults.
References
Other websites
Adolescence -Citizendium .
Childhood |
7205 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE | KDE | KDE is a community that produces free software, including a desktop environment called KDE Plasma for operating systems based on Linux or UNIX. This replaces the console, which is simply a black screen with text on it. KDE Plasma is a popular piece of software for users of Linux and UNIX.
Plasma runs on top of the X Window System, which runs on top of any UNIX-like operating systems like Linux and Mac OS X.
Since KDE SC 4.0, many KDE programs also runs on Microsoft Windows.
KDE releases
The following table lists when each version of KDE was released.
Applications
There are several major applications for KDE. These include:
Amarok - Music player
K3b - CD burner
Kate - Text editor
KDevelop - A program for making software
Konsole - Terminal emulator
Kontact - Personal information manager that has an e-mail client, a news client, a feed aggregator, To-do lists and more.
Kopete - Instant messaging client
Konqueror - File manager and web browser
KOffice - Office suite
Dolphin - File manager
References
Other websites
Official KDE website |
7207 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK%20Independence%20Party | UK Independence Party | The United Kingdom Independence Party (often called UKIP, said "you-kipp") is a political party in the United Kingdom. Its policies promote conservatism, national conservatism, and Euroscepticism. Their main policy is for the UK to leave the European Union.
The party was founded in 1993, and they first won seats in the European Parliament in 1999. They won 3 seats in 1999, which was increased to 12 in 2004 and 13 in 2009. It is now 9. The party does not do well under Britain's 'First-past-the-post' system of elections and only has one seat in the British House of Commons, although they received 3.8 million votes (12.6% of the total vote) at the 2015 UK general election.
Supporters of UKIP mostly believe in the following things:
- The United Kingdom should leave the European Union.
- There should be more referendums on certain issues.
- British people should not have to carry ID cards.
In 2008 UKIP banned people who used to be members of the British National Party (BNP) from joining.
On 9 October 2014 Douglas Carswell became UKIP's first elected MP. Carswell quit the party in March 2017.
May 2014 local elections
In the May 2014 local elections UKIP got 30% of the vote in Sunderland. The party gained 155 local council seats across the country.
2015 general election
UKIP came third in the May 2015 general election, after the Labour Party and the Conservative Party. The party got 12.9% of the vote and gained one seat.
2017 general election
In the 2017 general election, UKIP's share of the vote went down to 1.8 and they didn't win any seats. The next day UKIP's leader Paul Nuttall resigned.
Current members
There are currently over 20,000 people who are members of the UKIP.
Gerard Batten becomes leader (2018)
In February 2018 Gerard Batten become leader of the party firstly on an interim basis before winning the UKIP leadership election in April 2018 unopposed.
2018 UK local elections
In the 2018 UK local elections UKIP lost 124 of the 126 seats it was defending, and gained a single seat in Derby.
Accusations of embracing the far-right
Since the election of Batten as leader of the party there have been accusations that UKIP is embracing the far-right. Those saying the party was moving to the right began early in Battern's leadership when he began to focus the party around rejecting Islamic ideology and when a quote arose of Battern calling Islam a "death cult". In September 2018 Battern was also criticised for attending an anti-Muslim rally in Sunderland. These accusations grew much stronger after the far-right activist Tommy Robinson was appointed an advisor to Battern in November 2018. This led to many of UKIP's MEPs and former party leaders Nigel Farage and Paul Nuttall to leave the party, as well as the party's leader in Scotland.
Sources
Other websites
UKIP homepage
1993 establishments in the United Kingdom
Political parties in the United Kingdom
Nationalist organisations in the United Kingdom
Eurosceptic parties
Brexit |
7209 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Oddity | Space Oddity | David Bowie's first big hit record was the single "Space Oddity" in 1969. This album though only really sold well when he became more famous in 1973. Many of the songs are very melodic, with good tunes, and are unusual.
The songs on this album are:
Space Oddity
Unwashed And Somewhat Slightly Dazed
Letter To Hermione
Cygnet Committee
Janine
An Occasional Dream
Wild Eyed Boy From Freecloud
God Knows I'm Good
Memory Of A Free Festival
1969 albums
Rock albums
Folk albums
David Bowie |
7210 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxophone | Saxophone | A saxophone is a family of musical instruments that are made of brass. These are often just called a "sax". It has seven main keys, including the octave key. Because it is made from brass it is often included in the brass section alongside true brass instruments like the trumpet or trombone. However, it is not a true brass instrument but a member of the woodwind family of instruments because it has a reed. It was developed from the clarinet and shares many similarities to the clarinet. The player blows into a reed fitted into the mouthpiece of the instrument. Adolf Sax creates the instrument, but at first, it was heavily disliked because he boasted about it. Conductors would not add it to their orchestras because of the horrible reputations it had because of Adolf Sax. It started to gain popularity and lose that bad review, in the early 20th century.
The mouth piece is also a way to tune the saxophone. If you are sharp you can pull the mouthpiece out. If you are flat you can push the mouthpiece in. Another way to tune the saxophone is with your mouth. If you are sharp you 'drop your jaw', or loosen up. If you are flat you tighten your embouchure, (mouth).
There are several different kinds of saxophone. In order from low to high pitch they are: tubax, contrabass, bass, baritone, tenor, alto, soprano, sopranino, and soprillo. However, only the baritone, tenor, alto, and soprano are commonly used.
It was invented in 1840 by Adolphe Sax and is used in classical, jazz, and occasionally in rock, pop, and other styles. The big bands of the 1940s and 1950s always used it too. Famous saxophone players were Marcel Mule (classical music), John Coltrane (jazz music), and Charlie Parker (jazz music).
Woodwind instruments
Jazz instruments |
7211 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryophyte | Bryophyte | Bryophytes are simple plants. They are the simplest plants that grow on land. There are three forms of bryophyte. These are mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
Bryophyta is the formal term for this division of plants who do not have tissues to move water. In some modern classifications the word bryophyta only includes mosses. However, the term is still useful because mosses, liverworts, and hornworts share important traits.
Scientists think that liverworts evolved from green algae. Then other plants, including moss and hornworts, evolved from liverworts.
A person who studies bryophytes is called a bryologist. The study of bryophytes is named bryology.
Life cycle
Like all land plants (embryophytes), bryophytes have life cycles with alternation of generations. A bryophyte has two forms that have different numbers of chromosomes. The haploid form has unpaired chromosomes. It is called a gametophyte. People often write "1n" for haploid. The other form is diploid and has paired chromosomes. It is called a sporophyte. People often write "2n" for diploid.
A bryophyte begins when its parent plant makes haploid spores that land on the ground. Each spore grows into a leafy gametophyte. This gametophyte is either male or female. Male gametophytes make haploid sperm. Female gametophytes make haploid eggs. Water moves the sperm to the egg. An embryo is made when they join. This embryo is diploid. It grows a tall stalk from the gametophyte. This stalk is often brown. A structure called the sporangium is at the top of the stalk. The sporangium is diploid too. It makes spores that are haploid in a process called meiosis. When the spores land on the ground, the cycle begins again.
Bryophytes are "gametophyte dominant." This phrase means when you look at a bryophyte, you are more likely to see the gametophyte. The sporophyte is less common. Sporophytes are always attached to the gametophyte. They must get food from the gametophyte. Bryophyte sporophytes do not have branches. They make only one sporangium.
References
Other websites
The British Bryological Society
Bryophytes
Non-vascular plants |
7212 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent | Kent | Kent is a county in England. It is just to the south-east of London and is on the coast. The sea to the East of Kent is the North Sea. The sea south of Kent is called the English Channel by the British. France is opposite Kent on the other side of The Channel. At the most narrow point, between Dover, Calais and Cape Gris-Nez, The Channel is only 21 miles (34 km) wide. Dover is one of the main ports in Kent. From here many ferries sail to and from France.
Ports
Other main ports in Kent include Sheerness and Ramsgate. The Channel Tunnel goes from Folkestone in Kent to France. It was built in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
History
Kent is a very ancient county. In the 6th and 7th centuries it was ruled by its own kings, It is often called 'the garden of England' because its countryside is very green and because it produces much fruit. A lot of fruit such as strawberries are grown in Kent, and the county is famous for growing hops which are used to make beer. Maidstone is called the county town because the local government for Kent is based there.
Places
Another important town is the city of Canterbury. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the head of the Church of England. Hundreds of years ago many Christian people would travel to the Cathedral at Canterbury from their homes in other parts of Britain. This was called making a pilgrimage.
Ceremonial counties of England |
7215 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavrilo%20Princip | Gavrilo Princip | Gavrilo Princip, 25 July 1894 – 28 April 1918, was the Serb nationalist who shot Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the wife of the Archduke, Archduchess Sophie Chotek.
Princip was born in Obljaj a poor area of Bosnia. As a young man he joined a small group who wanted the Slavs in the south of Austria-Hungary to join with Serbia in a new country. They called themselves "Young Bosnia". A group of powerful people in Serbia decided to help them. Those powerful people were called the Black Hand. They gave 'Young Bosnia' guns and small bombs.
When they heard that Franz Ferdinand was coming to Sarajevo, six of them took the bombs and guns and waited for Ferdinand to drive past. They were going to kill Ferdinand when he drove past. Every one of them failed. After they all failed, Princip went to a cafe to buy a sandwich.
When Princip came out of the cafe, he saw Ferdinand in his car. The driver of the car had driven his car the wrong way and he stalled the car while trying to turn. Princip walked up and shot Ferdinand. He wanted to shoot the general who was also sitting in the car, but Ferdinand's wife Sophie threw her arms around Ferdinand. She was in the way, and Princip shot her instead of the general.
At his trial, Princip said he did it because he loved his people. The Austrians thought it was a very bad crime, but they could not kill him because he was only 19 years old. The law in Austria-Hungary said only people older than 20 could be killed, even when the crime was as bad as killing royalty like Ferdinand. They said Princip must stay in prison for 20 years. During his time in the prison, one of his arms was amputated. He died in prison of tuberculosis and blood loss in 1918.
Because this crime happened, Austria-Hungary gave Serbia a list of things that Serbia had to do, later called the "July Ultimatum", to stop things like this from happening any more. Serbia could not do all the things on the list fast enough, because the Austrians really wanted war with Serbia. Their German allies also wanted a big war. This led to many of the European countries to start fighting.
References
1894 births
1918 deaths
Assassins
Deaths from tuberculosis
People who died in prison custody
Serbian people
World War I people |
7220 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula | Formula | In mathematics and science, a formula is a rule or statement written in algebraic symbols. The plural of formula can be written in two ways: formulae or formulas - the choice is based on personal preference.
Formulas use letters instead of words. A simple example of a formula is y = x. If x=1, the formula y=x would make the statement that x is the same thing as y, therefore, y=1.
In mathematics, a formula can also be an identity which equates two mathematical expressions together. Some key formulas under this category include the Pythagorean theorem, binomial theorem, Euler's formula and De Moivre's formula. The expression "V=lwh", which relates the volume V to the length l, width w and height h of a rectangular box, is another example of a formula in geometry.
In science, one of the most well known formulas is the formula for energy, e = mc2, created by Albert Einstein. Here, e represents energy, m represents mass and c is the speed of light. Thus, energy = mass × speed of light 2.
The formula e = mc2 is also an equation. Every equation is a formula, but not every formula is an equation. For instance, the formula x≡y (x "is defined as" y) is not an equation, because no "=" sign is used.
Related pages
Inequality
References
Mathematics |
7223 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence%20and%20Democracy | Independence and Democracy | Independence and Democracy is a group in the European Parliament. It used to be called the Group of Europe of Democracies and Diversities. It has about 37 members in it. The members of this group either want their country to leave the European Union, or want to change it.
Members
Vladimir Železný (Czech Republic)
Junibevaegelsen (June Movement) (Denmark)
Mouvement pour la France (Movement for France) (France)
Popular Orthodox Rally (Greece)
Lega Nord (Northern League) (Italy)
ChristenUnie-SGP (Netherlands)
League of Polish Families (Poland)
Kathy Sinnott (Republic of Ireland)
Junilistan (June List) (Sweden)
United Kingdom Independence Party (United Kingdom)
European Parliament |
7224 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musician | Musician | A musician is a person who plays a musical instrument like a guitar or a piano or a person that sings.
A musician is also someone who writes music, even if they write it for other people to play. People who write music are called composers.
Musicians can also make a group together to play songs.
Lists of musicians
Some famous composers and musicians
Johann Sebastian Bach (Composer)
Ludwig van Beethoven (Composer)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Composer)
Duke Ellington (Composer, plays the piano)
Bob Marley (Plays the electric guitar, also sings)
Paul McCartney (Singer, plays the bass and the guitar)
Michael Jackson (Singer)
Jimi Hendrix (Plays the electric guitar, also sings)
Cat Stevens (Singer)
Some famous bands
The Beatles
Jefferson Airplane
U2
Led Zeppelin
Some famous orchestras
The London Symphony Orchestra, The United Kingdom
The New York Philharmonic Orchestra, USA
The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Germany
The Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra, Serbia
The Cleveland Orchestra, USA
References
Entertainment occupations |
7231 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrot | Carrot | The carrot (Say it: Car-IT) is a type of plant. Many different types exist. The Latin name of the plant is usually given as Daucus carota. The plant has an edible, orange root, and usually white flowers. Wild carrots grow naturally in Eurasia. Domesticated carrots are grown for food in many parts of the world.
Carrots are grown in the ground, and carrots roots are a common edible vegetable. After cleaning, the roots may be eaten raw or cooked. They are served as part of many dishes. In Portugal, carrot jam is a speciality.
Images
Nutrition
Carrots are a moderate source of beta carotene, biotin, vitamin K1, vitamin B6, and potassium. Along with beta-carotene carrots also have carotenoids another antioxidant helpful to enhance immunity functions and decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, degenerative diseases and different types of cancers
References
Root vegetables
Apiaceae |
7235 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism | Conservatism | Conservatism is a type of political belief that supports emphasis on traditions and relies on the individual to maintain society. The term was first used by François-René de Chateaubriand in 1818, during the Bourbon Restoration, which wanted to roll back the policies of the French Revolution. The term is associated with right-wing politics. It has been used to describe a wide range of views. There is no single set of policies that are regarded as conservative because the meaning of conservatism depends on a given place and time, although most Conservatives oppose Modernism in some way and want to go back to old values.
In Western culture for example, Conservatives try to maintain things like organized religion, property rights, parliamentary government and family values.
Beliefs
Conservatism tends to support the notion of faith, particularly in Abrahamic traditions in countries where those are the dominant religions. In England, the publication of Edmund Burke’s book Reflections on the revolution in France suggested people should be satisfied and advocated a caring government. The two ideas go together.
Some conservatives seek to keep things as they are, while others want a return to the way things were at an earlier time. This is often called reactionary conservatism. A conservative party in England formed which wanted better co-operation between rich and poor, democracy, and some aspects of a welfare state. This was also favoured by conservatives in France and other parts of Europe.
Types
Gradualism: The process of change in a slow, gradual way.
Liberal conservatism: Conservatism with the classical liberal view that the government should not control the economy.
National conservatism: Conservatism that is focused more on culture and race without being a Nationalist or Far-right.
Religious conservatism: Conservatism that applies a religion to politics.
Social conservatism: Conservatism that focuses on social issues and traditions.
Conservatism in different countries
Brazil
In Brazil, conservatism comes from its Portugese roots, often being Evangelical, such as President Jair Bolsonaro.
India
Conservatives in India are pro-Hindu, anti-Pakistan, and are socially conservative. The Bharatiya Janata Party is the biggest conservative party in India, lead by Narendra Modi.
United States
In the United States, conservatives worry about centralism, do not trust the welfare state, and consider business people trustworthy on wages and prices. The Republican Party is a Conservative political party from the United States.
Related pages
Political economy
Constitutional economics
Liberalism
Libertarianism
References |
7240 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine | Machine | A machine is a thing that is created by people to make work easier. It is a tool or invention which multiplies the effect of human effort. The machine produces a mechanical advantage.
Some machines have many parts that move. Examples are bicycles and clocks.
Some machines do not have parts that move. Examples are computers and telephones.
People have used machines since before there was history.
Often a machine will change one form of energy to another form of energy. Simple machines increase or change the direction of a force.
Simple machine
There are six 'simple machines'. They are:
the wedge,
the Inclined plane (ramp),
the screw,
the lever,
the pulley,
and the wheel and axle.
Compound machines are made up of two or more simple machines.
Other websites
APlusProject.com - Machine Design website with a forum
MachineDesign.com
Basic English 850 words
Engineering |
7246 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wario%20Land%204 | Wario Land 4 | Wario Land 4 is a video game released for the Game Boy Advance in 2001 as a part of the Wario video game series. It was later released for the Virtual Console for the Nintendo 3DS as an ambassador game in 2011.
Plot
The main plot of this video game is to save a princess that has been turned into a cat and needs to be saved. Wario arrives and has to defeat a golden diva that has turned the princess in to a cat.
References
2001 video games
Game Boy Advance games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Wario |
7248 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs.%20Doubtfire | Mrs. Doubtfire | Mrs. Doubtfire is a 1993 American comedy-drama movie, based on the novel Madame Doubtfire. It stars Robin Williams as Daniel Hillard, a divorced actor who disguises himself as a nanny since he desperately wants to be with his children.
Release dates
Plot
Daniel Hillard (Robin Williams) is a voice actor who quits his job over a smoking issue in a cartoon. Then, he throws his son Chris a birthday party, which is against his wife Miranda (Sally Field)'s wishes because Chris received bad grades on his report card. After a long argument, Miranda asks Daniel for a divorce.
Daniel has 90 days to get a job and a place to live. He later discovers that his wife wants a nanny. So, he makes several calls to his wife, using fake names and different accents, to be hired. Eventually, he gets the job.
Daniel Hillard goes to his gay brother Frank (Harvey Fierstein) and his partner Jack (Scott Capurro) to get a makeover. The makeover makes him look like a woman, which is exactly what Daniel had hoped for.
Miranda is later seen dating Stu Dunmeyer (Pierce Brosnan). Disguised as Mrs. Doubtfire, Daniel babysits his three children. When he, his family, and Stu go to Bridges Restaurant to celebrate Miranda's birthday, Daniel must switch in and out of costume repeatedly since he is also eating dinner with Jonathan Lundy (Robert Prosky). While drunk, Daniel ends up mixing up the two outfits. Later, when he saves Stu from choking (disguised as Mrs. Doubtfire), Daniel's face mask comes off, exposing him. Horrified and angered, Miranda immediately leaves with the children while Stu is confused, but thanks Daniel for saving him.
Afterwards, Miranda is awarded full custody of the children while Daniel can only see them with supervision. After realizing how easier it was having Mrs. Doubtfire around, Miranda calls the court and allows Daniel to pick up his children after school and unsupervised.
Cancelled sequel
In 2001, Bonnie Hunt began development on Mrs. Doubtfire 2, but Williams disapproved and claimed that the script was scrapped multiple times. On April 17, 2014, production on Mrs. Doubtfire 2 began. Williams' death in 2014, production on the sequel was cancelled. However, it is possible that Williams could have filmed scenes for the sequel when he was alive.
Other websites
1993 comedy-drama movies
1990s family movies
20th Century Fox movies
Academy Award winning movies
American comedy-drama movies
American family movies
Cross-dressing in movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about entertainers
Movies about families
Movies based on books
Movies set in California
Movies that won the Best Makeup Academy Award
Movies about divorce
Movies directed by Chris Columbus |
7249 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Mario%2064%20DS | Super Mario 64 DS | Super Mario 64 DS is a 2004 platform game by Nintendo, and an enhanced remake of the 1996 video game Super Mario 64 for the Nintendo 64. A cancelled sequel, Super Mario 64 2 for the Nintendo 64DD (N64 Disk Drive) was planned, but it was cancelled, because of the commercial failure of the Disk Drive. Luigi was planned to appear in it too. It was first shown at E3 in 2004 and released for the Nintendo DS in Japan and in the United States in 2004, and in the PAL region in early 2005. The game received positive reviews and was the fifth best-selling video game on the weekly sales chart of the week of December 2004. It has rec room mini-games which are attained by catching rabbits and a multiplayer wireless VS. Mode, where 4 players can play to get the most stars and coins in 30 seconds, taken from 4 levels and there's three different colored Yoshis (red, blue, and yellow) the one with the card is Green Yoshi and other characters can get wings to fly. In the main game, only Mario can get wings.
Story
The game begins with a letter from Princess Peach inviting Mario to come to her castle for a cake she has baked for him. Mario travels to her castle, and is followed by his younger, twin brother Luigi and Mario's greedy counterpart rival Wario. Luigi accidentally starts a fight and after entering the castle, the three disappear, and Lakitu, the game's camera operator, finds Yoshi to inform him of the disappearance.
Yoshi eats a rabbit and unlocks a door to the castle and explores the castle and its courses to find his friends. Scattered throughout the castle are paintings and secret walls, which act as portals to other worlds where Bowser's minions guard Power Stars. By recovering the stars and defeating bosses, Yoshi acquires keys to other areas of the castle and rooms holding his friends captive. He first defeats Goomboss to free Mario who assists him as the two continue searching the castle and collecting Power Stars. Mario then defeats King Boo to free Luigi who then uses his invisibility power to get to Wario's key by defeating Chief Chilly. During the course of the adventure, they tackle three obstacle courses leading to a battle with Bowser.
Defeating him the first two times earns them a key that opens other levels of the castle. After collecting 80 stars and solving the mystery of the endless stairs, Mario accesses the top room of the castle to defeat Bowser. Once he is defeated, Peach is freed and appears in front of the castle. To thank the four protagonists, she kisses Mario and bakes them the cake that she had originally promised. The game finishes with Mario, Luigi, Wario, Yoshi, and Peach standing at the front of the castle waving goodbye to the player as Lakitu films and then flies away.
Characters
Each of the characters have special abilities and their own strength and weaknesses.
Waluigi
Just like how there were many rumors of Luigi and Wario (who are now playable in this game) being playable in the original game, but did not appear, there were rumors of Waluigi being in this game, but he did not appear in either game. Yoshi makes an unplayable cameo appearance on the roof after the original game is finished giving Mario 100 lives and a sparkling triple jump.
References
Nintendo DS games
3D platform games
Mario platform games
2004 video games
Virtual Console games for Wii U
ja:スーパーマリオ64#スーパーマリオ64DS |
7253 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology | Epistemology | Epistemology is the philosophy of knowledge. It seeks to answer the questions "What is knowledge?" and "How is knowledge acquired?"
Epistemologists are philosophers who are interested in questions such as whether it is possible to have knowledge, what kind of knowledge there is, and how people come to know things.
One of the first philosophers to make a clear statement on these questions was Xenophanes (570–470 BC). The following saying was, and still is, famous:
"Certain truth has no man... for even if he ever succeeds in saying what is true, he will never know it".
This is an early kind of skepticism.
Some questions
What is knowledge?
How can we know anything?
What is science?
What is truth?
Some positions
Knowing how vs. knowing that: This was an idea of Gilbert Ryle. Moral questions, for example, may come down to knowing how to behave. Science could be about knowing that something is the case.
Rational vs. empirical knowledge: Rational knowledge (if it exists) is knowledge built up from a person's internal thought. Empirical knowledge is built up from what is received through the senses.
Error: Knowledge cannot err vs. the possibility of making mistakes is an essential part of knowledge (Ludwig Wittgenstein).
There are other debates of this kind.
Related pages
Epistemic community
Philosophy of science
References |
7262 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%20Focus | Ford Focus | The Ford Focus is a small car made by Ford Motor Company from 1998 to the present day.
First generation (1998–2004)
Ford created the first generation Focus in late 1998 with 3 and 5-door hatchbacks, saloon and estate versions. The older Escort was produced alongside it until 2000. In late 2001, the model was facelifted at the front and inside, It had new front lights, new bumper and different seats as well as new diesel engines. It was very popular thanks to its styling and fun handling.
Second generation (2004–2011)
Ford created the second generation Focus in late 2004 with the same versions as the previous generation. In early 2008, the model was facelifted at the front and back, it had new front lights, new bumper and new grille. This was the only generation to include a hard-folding convertible model.
Third generation (2011–2018)
Ford created the third generation Focus in early 2011 with 5-door hatchback, saloon and estate versions, a 3-door hatchback is no longer offered. In late 2014, the model was facelifted at the front and back, It had new front lights, new bumper and new grille. The third generation Ford Focus was also available in the RS Trim, a sport version of the normal Focus and sold for a higher price.
Fourth generation (2018–present)
Ford created the fourth generation Focus in Summer 2018 with hatchback, saloon and estate versions. It appeared exactly 20 years after the original Focus launched. It was facelifted in late 2021. A fourth generation Focus RS was planned, but ultimately was scrapped due to the cost of developing a hybrid powertrain.
References
Other websites
2000s automobiles
Focus |
7264 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends | Friends | Friends is an American comedy television series. It was on television from September 22, 1994 to May 8, 2004. It is about 6 friends who lived in Manhattan, New York City. They were in their 20s and 30s. The names of the "friends" were: Monica, Chandler, Rachel, Ross, Phoebe and Joey.
Friends got positive reviews through most of its run. It is one of the most popular sitcoms of all time. The series won many awards and was nominated for 63 Primetime Emmy Awards. TV Guide ranked it #21 on their list of the 50 greatest TV shows of all time.
The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. At first, the executive producers were Crane, Kauffman and Kevin Bright. Other producers were brought in during later seasons. In all, there were 236 episodes. There is a spin-off to this show named Joey.
The series finale aired on May 6, 2004, and was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth most-watched series finale in television history, and the most-watched television episode of the 2000s decade.
A reunion special was released in May 2021 on HBO Max.
The Friends
Monica Geller (Courteney Cox) - She used to be fat, is a control freak, and is compulsively organized. She is Ross' sister and in season 7, marries long-term boyfriend Chandler and adopts 2 babies (Jack and Erica) in the last episode of the series.
Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry) - Early in the series, he was a self-confessed commitment-phobe, but in season 7 finale, he marries Monica, his girlfriend of three years. One of his most famed traits is his finely-tuned sense of humour. His father is a transsexual, and works in Las Vegas and his mother is a renowned adult book writer.
Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc) - He's the 'stupid' one, and is a struggling actor, but scored a break in season 2 in the soap opera Days Of Our Lives, and then again in season 7. He remained on Days of Our Lives until the end of the series. He had a lot of sexual partners and flings throughout the series, but had strong feelings for a fellow actress in season 3 and fell in love with his roommate, Rachel, in season 8. Post-finale he was the main character in the spin-off, Joey.
Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow) - She's quirky, flakey, and fun-loving. She got married to Mike in season 10, but before this relationship she had never had a serious commitment. She also plays guitar and is a masseuse. Phoebe is known to have lived on the streets as a young adult after her mother committed suicide.
Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston) - She first moved to New York in the first episode after running off from the altar. She is perhaps the character who has made the most development (going from spoiled, rich Daddy's girl to an independent and confident woman). She had a famous on-off relationship with Ross, which spanned the entire series. She has a daughter with Ross Geller named Emma.
Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) - A paleontologist. He had a famous on-off relationship with Rachel, who he had a crush since he was 15. He has been married three times, once to Carol, once to Emily and once to Rachel, in a drunken Vegas wedding. He is not married at the end of the show, but has two children- Ben, to his first wife and Emma, to Rachel. He and Rachel seem to be back together at the end of the show.
Other key characters
Janice - Portrayed by Maggie Wheeler, An on-off girlfriend of Chandler's who has a shrieking nasal voice and is most famous for her 'oh - my - god' catchphrase, and her loud, annoying laugh.
Gunther - Portrayed by James Michael Tyler, The bleached blonde haired guy who works in 'Central Perk'. He appears in the majority of episodes. Gunther is madly in love with Rachel, who does not find out until the very last episode.
Treeger - Portrayed by Mike Hagerty, The superintendent for the apartment building most of the friends live in. His most active role is in the episode where Joey practices dancing with him because he is too afraid to dance with girls.
Mike- Portrayed by Paul Rudd, he was one of Phoebe's significant boyfriends. He and Phoebe meet when Joey and Phoebe decide to set each other up with blind dates, but Joey forgets on the day of, and ends up bringing a random person who happens to have the name Mike (Joey told Phoebe that was his name before he found Mike). They decide to move in together, but on moving day, broke up due to Mike not wanting to marry again after his painful divorce. They end up getting back together, and marrying. In the finale, it is revealed that they will have a baby together.
Jack Geller - Portrayed by Elliott Gould, The father of Ross Geller and Monica Bing; the grandfather of Ben and Emma Geller.
Judy Geller- Portrayed by Christina Pickles, The mother of Ross Geller and Monica Bing, also the grandmother of Ben and Emma Geller.
Guest stars
Many guest stars of the show include: Hank Azaria, Cosimo Fusco, Larry Hankin, Tom Selleck, Jennifer Grey, Morgan Fairchild, Lauren Tom, Marlo Thomas, Aisha Tyler, Anna Faris, Christina Applegate, Bruce Willis, George Clooney, Greg Kinnear, Dakota Fanning, Danny DeVito, Ralph Lauren, Phil Leeds, Julia Roberts, Jean-Claude Van Damme, Brooke Shields, Ben Stiller, Jon Favreau, Robin Williams, Billy Crystal, Shelley Berman, Susan Sarandon, Bob Balaban, Phill Lewis, Denise Richards, Winona Ryder, Sean Penn, Eddie Cahill, Michael Chiklis, Kathleen Turner, Malin Åkerman, Jason Alexander, Maggie Baird and Brad Pitt.
References
1994 American television series debuts
2004 American television series endings
1990s American sitcoms
1990s romance television series
2000s American sitcoms
2000s romance television series
Manhattan in fiction
NBC network shows
Romantic comedy television series
Television series about friendship
Television series about siblings
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs |
7266 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seinfeld | Seinfeld | Seinfeld was an American television series. The series is thought by many people to be a great situation comedy. It was created by Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David and ran from 1989 to 1998. Jerry Seinfeld plays himself.
People
Jerry Seinfeld (himself) - He is a comedian. He lives in a rented apartment in New York City. Jerry always gets into strange situations and funny events with his friends.
George Costanza (Jason Alexander) - A real estate agent, Jerry's best friend. He is very neurotic and always afraid that nobody likes him.
Elaine Bennes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) - Elaine is Jerry's ex-girlfriend. But they are still friends and always spend time together. Elaine always has trouble finding a good boyfriend.
Cosmo Kramer (Kessier from the first episode) (Michael Richards) - He lives in the apartment next to Jerry's. Kramer is very tall and his hair always stands upwards. He is a strange sort of person and always has ideas nobody else has.
Newman (Wayne Knight) - Jerry's main antagonist who's a very close friend of Kramer. Newman is a lazy mailman.
Susan Ross (Heidi Swedberg) - George's girlfriend in season 4 and his fiancee in season 7. George hates being with her.
Frank and Estelle Costanza (Jerry Stiller, Estelle Harris, and John Randoplh) - The parents of George. He hates them.
Morty Seinfeld (Barney Martin) - Jerry's father.
DVDs
Seasons 1 & 2
Season 3
The Regift Edition Boxed Set
Other websites
1989 American television series debuts
1998 American television series endings
1980s American comedy television series
1990s American comedy television series
American sitcoms
Emmy Award winning programs
Golden Globe Award winning programs
NBC network shows
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs |
7268 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey%20%28TV%20series%29 | Joey (TV series) | Joey was a 2004 American television series. It was a sitcom on the NBC network. The series was a spin-off of the series Friends. It starred Matt LeBlanc as Joey Tribbiani, his character from Friends. It consists of Joey, his sister, and his nephew.
Cast
Matt LeBlanc as Joey Tribbiani
Drea de Matteo as Gina Tribbiani (Joey's sister)
Paulo Costanzo as Michael Tribbiani (Joey's nephew; Gina's son)
Jennifer Coolidge as Bobbie Morganstern
Andrea Anders as Alex Garrett
Joey stopped broadcasting after the episode "Joey and the Snowball fight" because fewer than 4.1 million viewers tuned in, compared to 18 million who tuned into see the pilot episode. Joey Season 2 on DVD rocketed to over £35 in some cases because so few were made, and they were only released in Canada.
Related pages
Friends
Other websites
2004 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2000s American comedy television series
American sitcoms
NBC network shows
Television series about families
Television series set in Los Angeles
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs |
7270 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Orthodox%20Church | Eastern Orthodox Church | The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Church, is a Christian church. Their type of Christianity is also called Orthodox Christianity or Orthodoxy. Their members are called Orthodox Christians, although there is another group of Churches called Oriental Orthodox that is not in communion with the Orthodox Church. There are about 300 million Orthodox Christians in the world. Most Orthodox Christians are found in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, but there are Orthodox Christians everywhere around the world.
The Eastern Orthodox Church teaches that it is the Church started by Jesus Christ in his instructions to the Apostles. It practices what it understands to be the original Christian faith and maintains the sacred tradition passed down from the apostles.
The worship service is known as the Divine Liturgy. The beliefs and rituals of the service are similar to the Eucharist in the Roman Catholic Church.
History
In 395, the Roman Empire was split into a western part and an eastern part. The western part lasted to the 5th or 6th century. Τhe exact dates are a point of debate. The eastern part, which is commonly called Byzantine Empire, lasted until the 15th century. The split of the Roman Empire also affected the church, which developed differently in both parts. In 1054, there was the East–West Schism. The western part developed what is now the Roman Catholic Church, and the eastern part is now called Eastern Orthodox Church. In the west, there is the Patriarch of Rome, who is commonly called the Pope. In the east, there is the Patriarch of Constantinople. Because of historical developments, many Eastern Orthodox churches also have a local Patriarch. In the west, the Pope is an absolute leader. The Patriarch of Constantinople is the "first among equals"; his power is not absolute, as seen when meeting with other Patriarchs. His power is the same of all bishops, which is what a patriarch is.
Important things to know about the Orthodox Churches
Some holidays include Christmas and Easter.
Orthodox believe in everything in the Nicene Creed:
I believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth and of all things visible and invisible.
And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all ages.
Light of Light, true God of true God, begotten not created, of one essence with the Father through whom all things were made.
For us men and for our salvation He came down from heaven and was incarnate with the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary and became man.
He was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and He suffered and was buried.
On the third day He rose according to the Scriptures.
He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.
He will come again in glory to judge the living and dead. His kingdom shall have no end.
And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the Giver of life, who proceeds from the Father, who together with the Father and the Son is worshiped and glorified, who spoke through the prophets.
In One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church.
I acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.
I expect the resurrection of the dead.
And the life of the ages to come. Amen.
In summary, they believe in one God. He has three parts (Father, Son & Spirit) which are one and the same (of one essence). As the Son (Jesus), he arrived from Heaven, died, and resurrected. He will eventually return as a Judge for all of humanity, as mentioned in the Bible.
Church today
The many churches of the Orthodox Church are distinct in terms of administration and local culture, but for the most part exist in full communion with one another. Most of these churches are led by patriarchs. Most patriarchs recognise the Patriarch of Constantinople as their spiritual leader.
The following listing contains a selection of Eastern Orthodox Churches. Unless otherwise stated, they are in communion:
Mount Athos (a community of monasteries)
Albanian Orthodox Church
Antiochian Orthodox Church
Bulgarian Orthodox Church
Greek Orthodox Church
Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
Church of Mount Sinai (one monastery)
Russian Orthodox Church
Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
Romanian Orthodox Church
In the 17th century a group of people split from the Eastern Orthodox Church because they did not agree with some changes that were introduced. These people are known as Old Believers today. There are two big groups of Old Believers and a few smaller ones. Old Believers are not in communion with the other Eastern Orthodox Churches.
Related pages
Christianity
Eastern Christianity
History of Christianity
Old Calendarists
Oriental Orthodox Church
References
The Orthodox Church. Ware, Timothy. Pengiun Books, 1997. ()
The Orthodox Church; 455 Questions and Answers. Harakas, Stanley H. Light and Life Publishing Company, 1988. ()
Other websites
OrthodoxWiki
Orthodox Research Institute
List of most patriarchates
Directory of Orthodox Internet Resources
PATRIARCHIA.RU |
7272 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisgar%20Collegiate%20Institute | Lisgar Collegiate Institute | Lisgar Collegiate Institute is in Ottawa, Canada. It is the oldest secondary school in Ottawa and possibly Ontario. It was named after a former Governor General of Canada. It was established in 1874 and has been formerly known as the Ottawa Collegiate Institute and the Dalhousie District Grammar School. It celebrated its 160th anniversary in 2004.
Lisgar houses about 1000 students. It has a gifted program.
Schools in Canada
1874 establishments
1870s establishments in Canada |
7273 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen | Aberdeen | Aberdeen is a city on the north east coast of Scotland where the rivers Dee and Don flow into the North Sea. It was the capital of the Grampian region of Scotland, but it is now one of Scotland's Unitary Authorities. Aberdeen is the third largest city in Scotland. Its population is nearly 200,000. It is the coldest city in the UK. The city's motto is Bon Accord.
History
In the 8th AD, Aberdeen was founded as a settlement for fishing. It grew into a town in the early 12th century. By 1264, Aberdeen already had a castle.
Places
Aberdeen is famous for its buildings made from granite. Because of grey colour of the stone, Aberdeen is called the "Silver City by the Golden Sands". Aberdeen has two universities, the University of Aberdeen which was founded on 10 February 1495 by Bishop William Elphinstone and Robert Gordon University which was founded in 1910 but has a history dating back to the 1800s.
Dialect
The local people sometimes speak in a dialect called Doric. They are called Aberdonians.
Sports
Aberdeen has its own football team, Aberdeen F.C.. The team plays in the Scottish Premier League.
Festival
Each year in August, Aberdeen hosts the Aberdeen International Youth Festival. This is one of the most important annual events in Scotland. Hundred of groups of young performing artists come to Aberdeen each year for the festival.
Gallery
Aberdeen shares its name with Aberdeen, Idaho and Aberdeen, Washington in this Gallery.
References
Port cities and towns of Scotland
Port cities and towns of the North Sea |
7274 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoriasis | Psoriasis | Psoriasis is a skin condition where cells grow at a faster rate than they can be shed, causing excess skin to build up and form scaly patches on the body.
The condition:
It appears to be a buildup of dry skin on your body. You can have it at any age, but normally as you get older. It starts with the skin cracking as a paper cut on your fingertips. This skin would begin to die, flake, peal and itch. As your itch the area, it begins to get red and then it begins to blister like, flake and peals to raw skin. It appears most often on hands, toes, inside arch of your feet and on you heals. It is also shows up in callus, by cracking. When washing hands it has a burning effect.
Living in moist humid climate appears to delay the condition for appearing. Dry arid climates seem to aggravate the condition. Washing your hands has a drying affect, which triggers the condition. When washing, water removes oils from our body, and has a drying effect on our hands. Washing with Psoriasis removes the dry skin, but then the skin underneath is raw. Hard water appears to worsen the condition in dry climates, but not as much in humid areas. Soft water appears better.
Dermatology |
7275 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic%20Park | Jurassic Park | Jurassic Park is a 1990 science fiction novel by Michael Crichton. It was made into a movie in 1993 directed by Steven Spielberg.
Plot
The plot of this story is of a theme park that is filled with dinosaurs. The park seems like a great idea to the people building the park. John Hammond, the man who built the park, invites several people, including his grandchildren and the paleontologist Dr. Alan Grant, to visit the park. During the tour, Nedry (a computer worker for the park) shuts down the entire park to try to steal some dinosaur embryos, in order to earn a fortune from another company. Now the guests must try to restart power for the park. Complications arise since the dinosaurs have escaped because of the power failure.
Main characters
Dennis Nedry — Jurassic Park's main programmer
Dr. Henry Wu — Chief Geneticist
Dr. Alan Grant — Paleontologist
Dr. Ellie Sattler — Paleobotanist
John Hammond — Owner of InGen
Ray Arnold — Engineer
Robert Muldoon — Park Warden
Donald Gennaro — Financial Advisor
Related pages
Jurassic Park (movie)
Other websites
Jurassicpark.com
20th-century American novels
Jurassic Park
Science fiction books
1990 books
Dinosaurs in fiction
Fantasy books
Science fiction |
7277 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20G.%20Wells | H. G. Wells | Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 – 13 August 1946) was an English author. He was born in Bromley, Kent. He wrote about 50 books. He was one of the inventors of science fiction, and also wrote novels and utopias. He wrote books such as The Invisible Man, The Time Machine, The Island of Dr. Moreau, and The War of the Worlds. He also explained how the things he wrote about could actually happen. Some of his books have been made into movies. He had diabetes. He died in London.
Works
Biology
The science of life. London: Cassell (1933). Co-authors: Julian Huxley and G.P, Wells.
Science fiction
The Time machine (1895)
The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896)
The Invisible Man (1897)
The War of the Worlds (1898)
The First Men in the Moon (1901)
Utopian books
A Modern Utopia (1905)
New worlds for Old (1908)
The World Set Free (1914)
The Shape of Things to Come (1933)
Guide for the New World (1941)
Mind at the End of its Tether (1945)
Novels
Love and Mr Lewisham (1900)
Kipps (1905)
Ann Veronica (1909)
The history of Mr Polly (1910)
References
1866 births
1946 deaths
English novelists
Writers from Kent |
7280 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landseer%20%28Continental-European%20type%29 | Landseer (Continental-European type) | The Landseer (Continental-European type) is a dog breed.
Dog breeds |
7282 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow | Glasgow | Glasgow (Scottish: Glaschu, Lowland Scots: Glesga) is the biggest and busiest city in Scotland. It is on the banks of the River Clyde. People from Glasgow are known as "Glaswegians" (glas-wee-jans), which is a name also used for words that are used only in Glasgow - also known as "The Glasgow Patter".
The number of people living in Glasgow is 621,020 (2017 estimate) and
626,410 (2019 estimate). Many more people live in the areas round the city. There are 1,209,143 people living in the Greater Glasgow urban area. The wider metropolitan area is home to over 1,670,000 people, about 33% of Scotland's population.
The number of people living inside the city proper used to be much higher. Starting in the early 1960s the old tenements were pulled down and new housing built further out (high-rise blocks were the fashion of the day). Now there is nowhere near the number of people living in Glasgow as during the famous times of the shipyards on the River Clyde. It was said to be the second biggest city in the world after London at one point in the 1800s.
Many people from other countries visit Glasgow for holidays and trips; most of these people are from Europe France, America (the US and Canada) for weekend and week trips.
Two airports serve the city, Glasgow International Airport and Prestwick Airport. The main railway stations in the city are Glasgow Central and Queen Street stations. They provide rail links to the rest of Scotland, to the rest of the United Kingdom and Europe.
There are a number of theatres and concert halls in the city. These include the SECC (Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre), the Royal Concert hall, the King's Theatre, the Pavilion Theatre and the Theatre Royal.
Glasgow has several football teams - the best known are Rangers F.C. and Celtic F.C.. Partick Thistle, Clydebank, and Queens Park F.C. also play in the city.
Glasgow has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification). The weather in Glasgow is almost always changing, and it is hard to say what the entire day's weather is like. Very often, the weather is worst in the morning when it is mostly damp and sometimes misty or even foggy; the Glasgow Patter also refers to dreich weather - damp and drizzly. However, the weather mostly improves through the afternoon and more often than not the weather stays dry and at an average temperature.
In summer it is popular as a base for tourists. They can stay in Glasgow and then travel to see Loch Lomond and the Western Isles. One of the oldest paddle-steamer boats is in Glasgow, and in the summer one can travel down the Clyde to visit other towns and islands.
Twinned cities
Marseille, France
Havana, Cuba
Turin, Italy
Bethlehem, Palestinian Territories
Nuremberg, Germany
Dalian, People's Republic of China
Lahore, Pakistan
Rostov-on-Don, Russia
References |
7283 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grampian | Grampian | Grampian was a government region in north east Scotland. It was named after the Grampian mountains which start in this region.
The capital city of the region was Aberdeen.
The region was created in 1974. It was removed in 1995 because local government in Scotland was made simpler.
Scottish Council Areas |
7284 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20Borders | Scottish Borders | Scottish Borders is a council area (region) in south Scotland. Its name is because it is on the border with England.
The name is usually shortened to " the Borders".
It is made up of the counties of :-
Berwickshire
Peeblesshire
Selkirkshire
The main town of the region is Newtown St Boswells.
Scottish Council Areas |
7285 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Region%2C%20Scotland | Central Region, Scotland | Central was a government region in central Scotland between 1974 and 1995. After local government in Scotland was made simpler, it was replaced with smaller areas.
Scottish Council Areas |
7286 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumfries%20and%20Galloway | Dumfries and Galloway | Dumfries and Galloway is a council area in south west Scotland. In takes in three counties:
Dumfriesshire
Kirkcudbrightshire
Wigtownshire
The main and biggest town of the region is Dumfries. Dumfries is 60 miles south of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland.
Scottish Council Areas |
7287 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fife | Fife | Fife is a county on the north coast of the Firth of Forth, Scotland. The county town is Glenrothes.
For local government, the county is a council area too.
The towns in Fife are:
Buckhaven
Kirkcaldy
St Andrews
Dunfermline
High Vallyfield
Dalgety Bay
Kelty
Hillend
Dairsie
Methil
Leven
Auchtertool
Auchtermuchty
Falkland
Cowdenbeath
Cardenden
Cupar |
7288 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland%20%28council%20area%29 | Highland (council area) | The Highland Council Area is a local government region in north Scotland. It covers most of the area which people call the Scottish Highlands. |
7289 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothian | Lothian | Lothian was a region on the east coast of Scotland.
Scottish Council Areas |
7292 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strathclyde | Strathclyde | Strathclyde was a region in west Scotland. It is named after the River Clyde. The capital city of the region was Glasgow.
A long time ago, Strathclyde was also the name of one of the kingdoms which united to form Scotland.
Geography of Scotland |
7293 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayside | Tayside | Tayside was a government region on the east coast of Scotland. It was named after the River Tay. The capital city of the region was Dundee.
The region was created in 1974. It was removed in 1995 because local government in Scotland was made simpler.
References
Scottish Council Areas |
7295 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundee | Dundee | Dundee is a city on the east coast of Scotland where the River Tay flows into the North Sea. It is the fourth largest city in Scotland. It was famous as the city of "Jute, jam, and journalism", because jute and jam were made there, and several newspapers were printed in the city.
Dundee has a population of 148,260 people. It is the fourth largest city in Scotland.
There are two universities in Dundee. They are called the University of Dundee and the University of Abertay Dundee.
It also is home to two professional football teams. Dundee F.C. and Dundee United F.C., who both play in the Scottish Premier League. Unusually, their stadiums (Dens Park and Tannadice) are very close together, in the same street.
Dundee Airport serves the area.
References
Port cities and towns of Scotland
Port cities and towns of the North Sea |
7296 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford | Oxford | Oxford is a city in England. It is on the River Thames. It is a very old city. It is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom. Some of its buildings were built before the 12th century. It is famous for its university, Oxford University, which is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.
About 150,200 live in Oxford. Two rivers run through the city, the Cherwell and the Thames. These two rivers meet south of the city centre.
Besides its university, there are some buildings famous for their architecture (the style in which they were built), like the Radcliffe Camera. There are also lots of museums and other places for tourists to visit.
The south and east of the city are less wealthy and have fewer students. Cowley used to be a separate town and has a large car factory, and Blackbird Leys is an area of mainly council housing.
Transport
Rail
Oxford has a station in the centre of the city and a station on the outskirts of the city.
References
Other websites
Oxford - Citizendium
County towns in England |
7297 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20VI | George VI | George VI (14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was born Albert Frederick Arthur George Windsor. He was the king (monarch) of the United Kingdom from 11 December 1936 until he died. He became king when his older brother, Edward VIII, abdicated (resigned) in 1936 to marry Wallis Simpson. George was married to Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon from 1923 until his death.
He was succeeded as monarch by his elder daughter, Elizabeth.
George had a speech problem, a stutter. This made it very difficult for him to carry out many of the public duties of a king which required him to make speeches. He was treated by an Australian speech and language therapist called Lionel Logue. The story of this part of George's life was made into a movie in 2010 called The King's Speech. Colin Firth played the role of George, and Geoffrey Rush played the role of Logue.
George became a very popular king throughout the British Empire. He won admiration during World War II (19391945), in which he stayed at Buckingham Palace during the most intense months of the Blitz. The Palace was bombed more than twice but he still remained, becoming a symbol of resistance and "fighting spirit". He enjoyed a close working relationship with his wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill, inviting him to join the Royal Family on Victory in Europe Day (1945) to celebrate the defeat of the Nazis.
A heavy smoker, George died of lung cancer and was given a state funeral. He was fifty-six years old.
British Prime Ministers
Stanley Baldwin (1935–1937)
Neville Chamberlain (1937–1940)
Winston Churchill (first term, 1940–1945)
Clement Attlee (1945–1951)
Winston Churchill (second term, 1951–1952)
Family
George VI was the son of King George V and Queen Mary. He was the younger brother of Edward VIII, who gave up the throne to marry an American, Wallis Simpson. In 1923, George married his beloved wife Elizabeth, who later became known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. They had two children, Princesses Elizabeth (later Elizabeth II) and Margaret (19302002).
Death and funeral
George VI died in 1952. Crowds began to gather in London in the early hours of the morning of the funeral. Thousands saw the event on television. Shortly after 9:00 am, the funeral procession arrived at Westminster Hall. More than 300,000 people paid their respects to his body, which lay in state for three days.
Notes
References
Other websites
1895 births
1952 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from lung cancer
English Anglicans
English royalty
House of Windsor
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom
People from Norfolk
Elizabeth II |
7303 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia%20Minor | Asia Minor | Asia Minor, a peninsula also called Anatolia (from the Ancient Greek: 'Άνατολή), (Turkish: Anadolu), comprises the Asian part of modern Turkey.
Asia Minor is 750,000 square kilometers (290,000 square miles). Most of Asia Minor is a plateau averaging 1,000 meters (3,000 feet) above sea level. The climate is continental and semi-arid in the interior, temperate along the north coast, and subtropical along the south and west coasts. Most people there today speak Turkish. The seas surrounding Asia Minor are the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Because Asia Minor is between Christian Europe and Asia, many different cultures have lived there. Remnants (small parts) of these cultures are there today.
Many great historical peoples, like the Hittites, Lydians, Greeks, Persians, Armenians, Romans, Goths, Minoans, Byzantines and Turks, have lived in or occupied Asia Minor. The Roman Empire had a province called Asia, also called Phrygia. Later people started to call the entire continent Asia, so the peninsula Asia was called Asia Minor (little Asia).
Troy is one of many famous cities that were in Asia Minor long ago.
Middle East
Peninsulas |
7305 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoroastrianism | Zoroastrianism | Zoroastrianism is a religion. Zoroaster, who lived in eastern ancient Iran around 1000 BC, created Zoroastrianism. Other names for Zoroastrianism are Mazdaism and Parsiism.
Zoroastrianism is a monotheistic religion. The Zoroastrian god is called Ahura Mazda. The holy book of Zoroastrianism is the Zend Avesta.
Zoroastrianism is also dualist. Zoroastrians believe Ahura Mazda created the good spirits (Spenta Mainyu), and Angra Mainyu the demons. Zoroastrians believe people are free to choose between good and bad. Choosing good will lead to happiness, and choosing bad will lead to unhappiness. So it is the best to choose good. Therefore, the motto of the religion is "Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds".
Zoroastrianism was the state religion of Persia starting in the 6th century BC, including the Sassanid dynasty. In the 7th century AD, Persia was conquered by Islamic Arabs, and most Persians became Muslims.
Nowadays, there are about 2.6 million Zoroastrians in the world. Most of them live in Iran, Pakistan or India. In Pakistan and India, they are called Parsis. Many Zoroastrians now live in the United States.
Basic beliefs
These are the basic beliefs of Zoroastrianism:
There is one God, called Ahura Mazda. He is the one Uncreated Creator. Zoroastrians worship only him.
Ahura Mazda created everything. There is a conflict between order (which he created) and chaos (or disorder). Everything in the universe is part of this conflict, including humans.
To help fight the chaos, people need to:
Lead an active life;
Do good deeds; and
Have good words and good thoughts for others.
People also need to do these things in order to be happy. This active life is the basis of what Zoroastrians call free will. They do not believe people should live on their own to find God (for example, in monasteries).
The conflict will not last forever. Ahura Mazda will win it in the end. When this happens, everything that Ahura Mazda created will be together with him again - even the souls of people who died or who were banished.
All bad things in the world are represented as Angra Mainyu, the "Destructive Principle". All good things are represented by Spenta Mainyu, the good spirit which Ahura Mazda created. Through Spenta Maniu, Ahura Mazda is in all humans. In this way, the Creator interacts with the world.
When Ahura Mazda created everything, he made seven "sparks", called Amesha Spentas ("Bounteous Immortals"). Each of them represents a part of Ahura Mazda's creation. These seven sparks are helped by many "lesser principles", the Yazatas. Each Yazata is "worthy of worship" and also stands for a part of the creation.
Some historians believe that the Three Wise Men (Magi) who visited Jesus after he was born were Zoroastrian priests.
References
Bibliography
Kulke, Eckehard: The Parsees in India: a minority as agent of social change. München: Weltforum-Verlag (= Studien zur Entwicklung und Politik 3),
Jivanji Jamshedji Modi: A Few Events in The Early History of the Parsis and Their Dates, 2004, 114 p
Rustom C Chothia: Zoroastrian Religion Most Frequently Asked Questions, 2002, 44 p
UNESCO Parsi Zoroastrian Project
http://parsiana.com/
Other websites
Zoroastrianism -Citizendium |
7306 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20Olympiad | Science Olympiad | The Science Olympiad is a nationwide event in the United States that tests students' knowledge in science and technology. It started in 1982, and takes place every year.
Science Olympiad consists of twenty three events testing students in middle and high school on different science topics, such as astronomy and chemistry.
Science
Competitions
Events in the United States
1982 establishments in the United States |
7313 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bookstore | Bookstore | A bookstore is a store that sells books, and where people can buy them. A used bookstore or second-hand bookshop sells and often buys used books.
Books
Shops |
7315 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemonade | Lemonade | Lemonade is a drink made with water, lemons or lemon juice, and sugar.
There are two main types: cloudy, and clear, each known simply as "lemonade" in their home countries. Cloudy lemonade, generally found in North America and India, is a traditionally homemade drink made with lemon juice, water, and sweetened with cane sugar or honey. Clear lemonade is a lemon, or lemon-lime flavored, carbonated soft drink. This type is common in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand.
To make 8 cups of lemonade, mix the juice of 8 freshly squeezed lemons with 1/2 a cup of sugar and 5 cups of water and serve over ice cubes. A diced (cut up) lemon or lime can also be added to mixture. The sugar is sometimes replaced by maple syrup.
Pink lemonade can be made by adding some grenadine or another red juice, or using pink lemons. Some pink lemonades are lightly carbonated, including French brand Lorina lemonade.
In the United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, and New Zealand, the term 'lemonade' refers to a clear, carbonated, sweet lemon-flavored soft drink. In India it is commonly referred to as 'Nimbu paani' meaning "lemon water" or 'Shikanji'. It is sold by street vendors, especially in North India.
Lemonade stands are a small shops made by kids especially in the U.S. Children sell it to adults to learn the basics of business and to earn some money.
References
Drinks |
7316 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting | Melting | Melting is the process of changing something from a solid into a liquid (like metal into liquid metal). It is the opposite of freezing. The temperature at which something begins to melt is called its melting point. When an object is heated, the object's particles begin to move faster and faster until the structured particles are freed. Now it is a liquid. It is a solid that is turning into a liquid. Ice takes longer to melt it is in cold water, because the water is near the melting point. It melts more quickly in warm water, far from the melting point.
References
Related pages
Freezing
Sublimation
Matter |
7321 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/September%2011 | September 11 | The terms "September 11" and "9/11" have been used by the media to refer to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in the United States of America.
Events
Up to 1900
9 The Battle of Teutoburg Forest finishes.
1041 Fire destroys most of Bremen's Old Town.
1297 Led by William Wallace, the Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
1390 The Teutonic Knights besiege Vilnius.
1541 Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors led by Michimalonko.
1565 Ottoman Empire forces retreat from Malta, ending the Great Siege of Malta.
1609 Henry Hudson arrives at the island of Manhattan.
1649 Under orders from Oliver Cromwell, the Drogheda Massacre is committed in Ireland.
1708 King Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to Moscow, by halting outside Smolensk, marking a turning point in the Great Northern War.
1714 Siege of Barcelona: Barcelona, capital city of Catalonia, surrenders to French and Spanish Bourbon armies in the War of the Spanish Succession.
1758 Seven Years' War: In the Battle of Saint Cast, France holds off a British invasion.
1775 American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold's expedition leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts, as part of the invasion of Quebec.
1776 A British-American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop the already started American Revolutionary War.
1789 Alexander Hamilton becomes the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.
1802 France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont.
1813 War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march and invade Washington, DC.
1814 War of 1812: Climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major US victory in the war.
1852 The State of Buenos Aires separates from the Argentine federal government, before re-joining on September 17, 1861.
1857 Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
1877 British three-mast sailing boat collides with another vessel off the Isle of Portland, sinking shortly after, killing 106 people.
1897 After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last King of Kaffa, bringing the ancient kingdom of Kaffa to an end.
1901 2000
1906 Mahatma Gandhi coins the term Satyagraha for the non-violent rights movement in South Africa.
1914 World War I: Australia invades the island of New Britain, defeating a German contingent at the Battle of Bita Paka.
1914 World War I: A battle at what is now Lviv, results in a Russian victory over Austria-Hungary, a defeat that the Habsburg monarchy never fully recovers from.
1916 The Quebec Bridge collapses, killing 11 people.
1919 US Marines invade Honduras.
1922 The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan, Armenia.
1922 The British Mandate for Palestine begins.
1930 The biggest-recorded eruption of the Stromboli volcano in Italy takes place.
1931 Salvatore Maranzano is murdered by Lucky Luciano's hitmen.
1941 Ground is broken for the construction of the Pentagon building.
1943 Holocaust: Start of the liquidation of the Ghettos in Minsk and Lida by the Nazis.
1944 An RAF bombing raid destroys the city of Darmstadt in Germany killing around 11,500 people.
1954 Hurricane Edna strikes New England, killing 29 people.
1961 Hurricane Carla hits Texas.
1961 The World Wide Fund for Nature is founded.
1962 The Beatles record their first single, Love Me Do.
1968 An Air France plane crashes in Nice, France, killing 95 people.
1971 The Egyptian Constitution becomes official.
1972 The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system has its opening day of passenger service.
1973 A military coup in Chile removes President Salvador Allende, who is subsequently killed in the event, from office. General Augusto Pinochet is installed in his place, and remains in power until March 11, 1990.
1974 An Eastern Airlines plane crashes in Charlotte in North Carolina, killing 69 people.
1974 Charles T. Kowal discovers Jupiter's moon Leda.
1978 Janet Parker becomes the last person to die of smallpox.
1978 Georgi Markov dies four days after being attacked in London.
1985 Pete Rose breaks Ty Cobb's baseball record of most career hits when he hits his 4,192nd hit.
1989 Hungary opens the Iron Curtain for refugees from East Germany to travel to the West.
1990 US President George H. W. Bush proclaims a "New World Order".
1992 Hurricane Iniki hits the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Kauai.
1997 In a referendum, the people of Scotland vote in favour of a new Scottish Parliament.
1997 NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars.
1997 Fourteen Estonian soldiers die in the Kurkse Tragedy, drowning in the Baltic Sea.
1998 Beginning of the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the first time these games are held in Asia.
1999 Tennis player Serena Williams wins her first Grand Slam, at the US Open.
From 2001
2001 In the September 11 attacks, Islamic extremists destroy the World Trade Center in New York City and part of The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia by crashing passenger planes into them. Another airliner crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Almost 3,000 were killed. The term "9/11" is often used to refer to these attacks.
2003 Swedish foreign minister Anna Lindh dies aged 46, following a knife attack the previous day. After Olof Palme in 1986, she is the second high-profile Swedish politician to be murdered.
2004 A helicopter crashes in the Aegean Sea, killing 17 people, including Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria.
2006 George Tupou V becomes king of Tonga, after the death of his father Taufa'ahau Tupou IV.
2007 Russia tests a thermobaric weapon.
2012 The US Embassy in Cairo, Egypt and Consulate in Benghazi, Libya are targeted in terrorist attacks by Islamic extremists. 4 Americans are killed in the attacks, including US Ambassador to Libya Christopher Stevens.
2012 A total of 315 people are killed in two garment factory fires in Pakistan.
2015 A crane collapse at Mecca's Central Mosque kills over 100 people.
2017 The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights says that a security operation targeting Rohingya people in Myanmar is a "textbook example of ethnic cleansing".
Births
Up to 1900
1182 Minamoto na Yoriie, Japanese shogun (d. 1204).
1470 Martin Waldseemüller, German cartographer (d. 1520).
1476 Louise of Savoy (d. 1531).
1522 Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian physician and naturalist (d. 1605).
1524 Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (d. 1585).
1525 John George, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1598).
1611 Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (d. 1675).
1656 Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, consort of Sweden (d. 1693).
1700 James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748).
1711 William Boyce, English composer (d. 1779).
1724 Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (d. 1790).
1743 Nicolai Abildgaard, Danish painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1809).
1749 Justus Perthes, German publisher (d. 1816).
1764 Valentino Fioravanti, Italian composer (d. 1837).
1771 Mungo Park, Scottish explorer (d. 1806).
1786 Friedrich Kuhlau, German composer (d. 1832).
1798 Franz Ernst Neumann, German physicist (d. 1895).
1816 Carl Zeiss, German lens maker (d. 1888).
1825 Eduard Hanslick, Austrian composer (d. 1904).
1838 John Ireland, American archbishop (d. 1918).
1845 Emile Baudot, French engineer and inventor (d. 1903).
1847 Mary Watson Whitney, American astronomer (d. 1921).
1853 Katharina Schratt, Austrian actress (d. 1940).
1860 James Allan, New Zealand rugby (d. 1934).
1862 O. Henry, American writer (d. 1910).
1862 Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, British field marshal and Governor-General of Canada (d. 1936).
1862 Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, British noblewoman (d. 1938)
1862 Hawley Harvey Crippen, American physician and murder suspect (d. 1910)
1865 Rainis, Latvian writer and politician (d. 1929).
1871 Scipione Borghese, 1st Prince of Sulmona, Italian racing driver, mountaineer and politician (d. 1927)
1877 Felix Dzerzhinsky, Polish-born Bolshevik revolutionary (d. 1926).
1877 James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d. 1946).
1881 Asta Nielsen, Danish actress (d. 1972)
1885 D. H. Lawrence, English novelist (d. 1930).
1892 Pinto Colvig, American actor and cartoonist (d. 1967).
1892 Lucien Buysse, Belgian cyclist (d. 1980).
1895 Vinobe Bhave, Indian activist (d. 1982).
1895 Nur Ali Elahi, Iranian philosopher and musician (d. 1974).
1896 Robert S. Kerr, 12th Governor of Oklahoma (d. 1963).
1899 Jimmie Davis, American country music singer-songwriter and politician, Governor of Louisiana (d. 2000).
1900 Semyon Lavochkin, Russian aircraft engineer (d. 1960).
1901 1950
1903 Theodor W. Adorno, German philosopher and sociologist (d. 1969).
1904 Ludwik Gross, Polish-American cancer researcher and virologist (d. 1999)
1910 Gerhard Schröder, German politician (d. 1989).
1913 Jacinto Convit, Venezuelan physician and scientist (d. 2014).
1913 Bear Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983).
1914 Pavle, Serbian Patriarch (d. 2009).
1915 Raul Alberto Lastiri, Argentine politician and interim President (d. 1978).
1917 Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (d. 1989).
1917 Herbert Lom, Czech-born British actor (d. 2012).
1917 Jessica Mitford, British writer (d. 1996).
1921 Yidnekatchew Tessema, Ethiopian footballer (d. 1987).
1924 Daniel Akaka, American politician. (d. 2018)
1924 Tom Landry, American football coach (d. 2000).
1928 Reubin Askew, 37th Governor of Florida (d. 2014).
1928 Earl Holliman, American actor.
1928 William X. Kienzle, American priest and author (d. 2001).
1929 Patrick Mayhew, English lawyer and politician.
1930 Saleh Salim, Egyptian footballer, manager and actor (d. 2002).
1931 Hans-Ulrich Wehler, German historian and academic (d. 2014).
1932 Gavril Dejeu, Romanian politician.
1933 Rachid Sfar, former Prime Minister of Tunisia.
1935 Arvo Part, Estonian composer.
1935 Gherman Titov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2000).
1937 Queen Paola of Belgium.
1937 Robert Crippen, American astronaut.
1937 Joseph Kobzon, Soviet-Ukrainian singer.
1940 Theodore Olsen, American politician.
1940 Nong Duc Manh, Vietnamese Communist politician.
1940 Brian De Palma, American director.
1943 Mickey Hart, American musician.
1943 Jack Ely, American guitarist and singer (d. 2015).
1944 Serge Haroche, French physicist.
1944 Everaldo, Brazilian footballer (d. 1974).
1944 Freddy Thielemans, Belgian politician.
1945 Franz Beckenbauer, German footballer.
1948 John Martyn, British musician (d. 2009).
1950 Amy Madigan, American actress.
1950 Eijun Kiyokumo, Japanese footballer.
1951 1975
1951 Miroslav Dvorak, Czech ice hockey player (d. 2008).
1953 Tommy Shaw, American singer-songwriter and guitarist.
1955 Enzo Ghinazzi, Italian singer, presenter, actor and writer.
1956 Tony Gilroy, American screenwriter and director.
1957 Brad Bird, American actor, animator, director and screenwriter.
1957 Jon Moss, English drummer
1960 Hiroshi Amano, Japanese physicist.
1960 Predrag Nikolic, chess player from Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1961 Virginia Madsen, American actress.
1962 Julio Salinas, Spanish footballer.
1962 Kristy McNichol, American actress.
1963 Pietro Ferrero Jr., Italian businessman (d. 2011).
1965 Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria.
1965 Moby, American musician.
1965 Graeme Obree, British cyclist.
1965 Paul Heyman, American wrestling manager and promoter.
1966 Princess Akishino of Japan.
1967 Harry Connick, Jr., American singer.
1967 Sung Jae-gi, South Korean activist (d. 2013).
1968 Slaven Bilic, Croatian footballer.
1969 Gidget Gein, American musician (d. 2008).
1970 Taraji P. Henson, American actress and singer.
1970 Aaron Dworkin, American violinist.
1971 Richard Ashcroft, English musician.
1971 Johnny Vegas, English comedian.
1972 Sohrab Bakhtiarizadeh, Iranian footballer.
From 1976
1977 Matthew Stevens, Welsh snooker player.
1977 Ludacris, American rapper, producer and actor.
1977 Jonny Buckland, English guitarist (Coldplay)
1978 Dejan Stankovic, Serbian footballer.
1978 Pablo Contreras, Chilean footballer.
1979 Eric Abidal, French footballer.
1979 David Pizarro, Chilean footballer.
1979 Ariana Richards, American actress.
1979 Cameron Richardson, American actress.
1981 Andrea Dossena, Italian footballer.
1981 Charles Kelley, American country music singer (Lady Antebellum).
1981 Dylan Klebold, shooter in the Columbine massacre (d. 1999).
1983 Lauryn Williams, American athlete.
1985 Shaun Livingston, American basketball player.
1987 Mai Oshima, Japanese singer (AKB48).
1987 Susianna Kentikian, Armenian-German boxer.
1987 Tyler Hoechlin, American actor.
1988 Lee Yong Dae, South Korean badminton player.
1989 Asuka Kuramochi, Japanese singer (AKB48).
1990 Jo Inge Berget, Norwegian footballer.
1991 Anastasia Rybachenko, Russian activist.
1992 Jordan Ayew, Ghanaian footballer.
1993 Lena Lotzen, German footballer.
Deaths
Up to 1900
1063 King Bela I of Hungary.
1161 Queen Melisende of Jerusalem (b. 1105).
1298 Philip of Artois (b. 1269).
1349 Bonne of Bohemia (b. 1315).
1380 King Haakon VI of Norway (b. 1040).
1677 James Harrington, English political philosopher (b. 1611).
1680 Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (b. 1596).
1721 Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (b. 1665).
1733 Francois Couperin, French composer (b. 1868).
1760 Louis Godin, French astronomer (b. 1704).
1788 José, Prince of Brazil (b. 1761).
1823 David Ricardo, English economist (b. 1772).
1843 Joseph Nicollet, French mathematician and explorer (b. 1786).
1865 Louis Juchault de Lamoriciere, French general and statesman (b. 1806).
1876 Nathaniel B. Baker, 24th Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1818).
1888 Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina (b. 1811).
1901 2000
1911 Louis Henri Boussenard, French explorer (b. 1847).
1915 William Sprague, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1830).
1917 Georges Guynemer, French pilot (b. 1894).
1931 Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American crime figure (b. 1886).
1932 Stanislaw Wigura, Polish pilot (b. 1901).
1932 Franciszek Zwirko, Polish pilot (b. 1895).
1939 Konstantin Korovin, Russian painter (b. 1861).
1941 Christian Rakovsky, Bulgarian-born socialist revolutionary (b. 1873).
1947 Alice Keppel, English socialite and mistress to Edward VII of the United Kingdom (b. 1868).
1948 Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan (b. 1876).
1949 Henri Rabaud, French composer and conductor (b. 1873).
1950 Jan Smuts, South African politician (b. 1870).
1950 Alvaro Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1863).
1956 Herminio Masantonio, Argentine footballer (b. 1910).
1958 Robert W. Service, Scottish-Canadian poet (b. 1874).
1958 Camillien Houde, Canadian politician, 34th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1889).
1971 Nikita Krushchev, Soviet political leader (b. 1894).
1973 Salvador Allende, President of Chile (b. 1908).
1973 E. E. Evans-Pritchard, British anthropologist (b. 1902).
1978 Ronnie Peterson, Swedish racing driver (b. 1944).
1978 Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (b. 1929).
1978 Janet Parker, British smallpox victim (b. 1938).
1986 Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Greek politician and academic (b. 1902).
1987 Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician (b. 1944).
1988 Roger Hargreaves, English writer (The Mr. Men) (b. 1934).
1994 Jessica Tandy, English-American actress (b. 1909).
1997 Camille Henry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1933).
Deaths in the September 11 attacks
2001 People killed in the September 11 attacks, including:
David Angell, American sitcom creator (b. 1946).
Berry Berenson, widow of the actor Anthony Perkins (b. 1948).
Daniel M. Lewin, American technician (b. 1970).
Mychal Judge, American priest (b. 1933).
Garnet Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1948).
Carolyn Beug, American movie maker (b. 1953).
Charles Burlingame, American pilot (b. 1949).
William M. Feeham, American firefighter (b. 1929).
Peter J. Ganci, American firefighter (b. 1946).
Timothy Maude, American military officer (b. 1947).
Barbara Olson, American political commentator (b. 1955).
Mohamed Atta, Egyptian terrorist (b. 1968).
Wail al-Shehri, Saudi terrorist (b. 1973).
Nawaf al-Hazmi, Saudi terrorist (b. 1973).
Majed Moqed, Saudi terrorist (b. 1977).
Abdulaziz al-Omari, Saudi terrorist (b. 1979).
After 2001
2002 Kim Hunter, American actress (b. 1922).
2002 Johnny Unitas, American football player (b. 1933).
2003 Anna Lindh, Swedish foreign minister (b. 1957).
2003 John Ritter, American actor (b. 1948).
2004 Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa (b. 1949).
2006 Joachim Fest, German historian (b. 1926).
2007 Ian Porterfield, British footballer (b. 1945).
2009 Yoshito Usui, Japanese manga artist (b. 1958).
2009 Juan Almeida Bosque, Cuban revolutionary (b. 1927).
2009 Gertrude Baines, American supercentenarian and oldest person in the world at the time of her death (b. 1894).
2010 Kevin McCarthy, American actor (b. 1914).
2011 Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor (b. 1972).
2012 Sergio Livingstone, Chilean footballer (b. 1920).
2012 Sean Smith, American diplomat.
2012 J. Christopher Stevens, American diplomat (b. 1960).
2014 Joachim Fuchsberger, German actor and entertainer (b. 1927).
2014 Donald Sinden, English actor (b. 1923).
2014 Antoine Duhamel, French composer (b. 1925).
2014 Bob Crewe, American songwriter and record producer (b. 1931).
2014 Rudolf Kortokraks, German-Austrian painter (b. 1928).
2014 Kendall Francois, American serial killer (b. 1971).
2014 Hamish McHamish, Scottish celebrity cat (b. 1999).
2015 Alan Purwin, American helicopter pilot and aerial film operator (b. 1961).
2016 Alexis Arquette, American actress (b. 1969).
2016 Ben Idrissa Dermé, Burkinabe footballer (b. 1982).
2017 Abdul Halim of Kedah, former King of Malaysia (b. 1927).
2017 J. P. Donleavy, Irish-American writer (b. 1926).
2017 Alfred Gadenne, Belgian politician (b. 1946).
2017 Peter Hall, English theatre and film director (b. 1930).
Observances
National Day of Catalonia.
Patriot Day in the US.
Ethiopian New Year.
Days of the year |
7322 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex | Essex | Essex is a county in the east of England. It has a population of around 1,750,000 people. It is part of the East of England region. Chelmsford is the county town of Essex, as well as being its only city. Essex has London and Hertfordshire on its western border and the whole of the east of the county is coast-line. The north of the county borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire. The south of the county is on the Thames Estuary. The Dartford Tunnel can be used to drive under the River Thames between Essex and Kent.
Other large towns in Essex are Colchester, the oldest town in England, Basildon, a new town, and in the south-eastern corner of the county Southend, one of Britain's biggest seaside resorts.
There has been lots of recent debate about whether certain sections of East London should be included as parts of Essex, such as Ilford and Romford. Due to boundary changes across the years, these areas were historically in Essex but have been dissolved into the Greater London area since.
Related pages
Kingdom of Essex
Other websites
Ceremonial counties of England |
7323 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20town | County town | A county town is the most important town of any county in Britain and Ireland. In the United States the town is called the county seat.
It can be the place where the headquarters of the county council is based, or the place where the courts are. It has usually been the county town for hundreds of years. It could also be the biggest or most important town in the county. There is often a university in or near the county town. Cities can also be county towns, such as Hereford, or Durham City.
Some examples of county towns today in England:
Aylesbury of Buckinghamshire
Ipswich of Suffolk
Bedford of Bedfordshire
Chelmsford of Essex
Chester of Cheshire
Exeter of Devon
Guildford of Surrey
Hereford of Herefordshire
Shrewsbury of Shropshire
Stafford of Staffordshire
Truro of Cornwall
Warwick of Warwickshire
Related pages
County seat |
7324 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southend-on-Sea | Southend-on-Sea | Southend-on-Sea is town and unitary authority borough in the East of England. It is a seaside resort in the south-eastern corner of the county of Essex. It has a pier which is one of the longest in the world. The pier is 2,158 meters (1.34 miles) long. A railway line runs along the pier. The pier has been badly damaged by fires four times in fifty years, in 1959, 1976, 1993 and 2005. Near the pier there are arcades, casinos and a theme park called Adventure Island.
Other websites
Southend Pier
Essex boroughs
Towns in Essex |
7325 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumbria | Cumbria | Cumbria is a county in England. It is in the very north-western part of England on the border with Scotland. The most important and biggest town is Carlisle, in the north of the county. This is the county town and there is an ancient (very old) castle in the centre of the town.
In 1974, Cumberland, Westmorland and bits of Yorkshire and Lancashire were put into the new county of Cumbria. The world famous Lake District national park is in Cumbria. Millions of tourists visit the Lake District to enjoy sailing on the lakes and the impressive mountains that are here. The highest mountain in England is in the Lake District, it is called Scar Fell.
Cumbria is very popular with people who enjoy walking although the weather is very poor here. It often rains and is cold. Many tourists from Japan and China visit Cumbria. Popular places for them and other tourists to see are the poet William Wordsworth's two houses, the home of the famous children's writer Beatrix Potter and the island and lake where the writer Arthur Ransome based his books about the 'Swallows And Amazons'.
Other websites
Official Tourist Board Website
Cumbria Tourist and Historical Website
BBC Cumbria Digital Lives Project
Cumbria.uk.com Search Engine
The Cumbria Directory
Ceremonial counties of England
1974 establishments in England |
7326 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Dylan | Bob Dylan | Bob Dylan (born Robert Allen Zimmerman; May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. He is one of the most famous and successful popular singers of the last 50 years.
He was born in 1941 in Minnesota. His parents were from the Russian Empire in what is now Ukraine. As a youth he was a big fan of rock and roll, and formed several bands in high school. However, Dylan first became famous as a folk musician. In 1962, he released his first album, simply called Bob Dylan. The next year, he released the folk song "Blowin' in the Wind", which became very popular. In 1965, he began playing rock and roll. That year, Dylan released "Like a Rolling Stone", which has been called the greatest popular music song of all time. He put these two types of music together in a new way, which became very popular.
The next year, Dylan was in a motorcycle crash which broke his neck. His recovery took many months, and he released no new music or records during this time. Dylan re-examined his life while he recovered, saw what other musicians were doing, and made changes to his own style. His comeback album, John Wesley Harding, was different from his earlier work. While he made many tours to perform during the mid-1960s, he made very few public appearances until the mid-1970s.
Dylan later became a Christian, then drifted away from Christianity, even re-exploring Judaism, which his family followed. Now, he does not want to talk about his religion. Since the 1980s, he has concentrated on touring.
Also, Dylan is one of the famous people who appear on the cover of The Beatles's Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
In 2016, Dylan received the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition".
Folk singing
In 1960, Dylan dropped out of college and moved to New York, where his idol, the legendary folk singer Woody Guthrie, was hospitalized with a rare hereditary disease of the nervous system. Dylan visited with Guthrie regularly in his hospital room. He also became a regular in the folk clubs and coffeehouses of Greenwich Village. He met many other musicians, and he began writing songs at an astonishing pace, including "Song to Woody," honoring Woody Guthrie. In the fall of 1961, after one of his performances received a rave review in The New York Times, Dylan signed a recording contract with Columbia Records. Released early in 1962, "Bob Dylan" contained only two original songs, but showcased Dylan's gravelly-voiced singing style in a number of traditional folk and blues songs.
The 1963 release of "The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan" marked Dylan's emergence as one of the most original and poetic voices in the history of American popular music. The album included two of the most memorable 1960s folk songs, "Blowin' in the Wind" (which later became a huge hit for the folk trio Peter, Paul, and Mary) and "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall." His next album, "The Times They Are A-Changin'", firmly established Dylan as the definitive songwriter of the 60s protest movement. This reputation only increased after he became involved with one of the movement's established icons, Joan Baez, in 1963. While his romantic relationship with Baez lasted only two years, it benefited both performers immensely in terms of their music careers. Dylan wrote some of Baez's best-known material, and Baez introduced him to thousands of fans through her concerts. By 1964, Dylan was playing 200 concerts per year, but had become tired of his role as "the" folk singer-songwriter of the protest movement. "Another Side of Bob Dylan," recorded in 1964, was a much more personal, introspective collection of songs, far less politically charged than Dylan's previous efforts.
Reinventing his image
In 1965, Dylan scandalized many of his folk music fans by recording the half-acoustic, half-electric album "Bringing It All Back Home," backed by a nine-piece band. On July 25, 1965, he was famously booed at the Newport Folk Festival when he performed electrically for the first time. The albums that followed, "Highway 61 Revisited" (1965)—which included the seminal rock song "Like a Rolling Stone"—and the two-record set "Blonde on Blonde" (1966) represented Dylan at his most innovative. With his unmistakable voice and unforgettable lyrics, Dylan brought the worlds of music and literature together as no one else had.
Over the course of the next three decades, Dylan continued to reinvent himself. Following a near-fatal motorcycle accident in July 1966, Dylan spent almost a year recovering in seclusion. His next two albums, "John Wesley Harding" (1968) including "All Along the Watchtower," later recorded by guitar great Jimi Hendrix—and the unabashedly countryish "Nashville Skyline" (1969) were far more mellow than his earlier works. Critics blasted the two-record set "Self-Portrait" (1970). "Tarantula," a long-awaited collection of writings Dylan published in 1971, also met with a poor reception. In 1973, Dylan appeared in Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid, a feature film directed by Sam Peckinpah. He also wrote the film's soundtrack, which became a hit and included the now-classic song "Knockin' on Heaven's Door."
Touring and religion
In 1974, Dylan began his first full-scale tour since his accident, embarking on a sold-out nationwide tour with his longtime backup band, The Band. An album he recorded with the Band, "Planet Waves," became his first No. 1 album ever. He followed these successes with the celebrated 1975 album "Blood on the Tracks" and "Desire" (1976), each of which hit No. 1 as well. "Desire" included the song "Hurricane," written by Dylan about the boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, then serving life in prison after what many felt was an wrongful conviction of triple homicide in 1967. Dylan was one of many prominent public figures who helped popularize Carter's cause, leading to a retrial in 1976, when he was again convicted.
After a painful split with his wife, Sara Lowndes—the song "Sara" on "Desire" was Dylan's plaintive but unsuccessful attempt to win Lowndes back—Dylan again reinvented himself, declaring in 1979 that he was a born-again Christian. The evangelical "Slow Train Coming" was a commercial hit, and won Dylan his first Grammy Award. The tour and albums that followed were less successful, however, and Dylan's religious leanings soon became less overt in his music.
1980s Present
Beginning in the 1980s, Dylan began touring full-time, sometimes with fellow legends Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and the Grateful Dead. Notable albums during this period included Infidels (1983); the five-disc retrospective Biograph (1985); Knocked Out Loaded (1986); and Oh Mercy (1989), which became his best-received album in years. He recorded two albums with the all-star band the Traveling Wilburys, also featuring George Harrison, the late Roy Orbison, Tom Petty, and Jeff Lynne. In 1994, Dylan returned to his folk roots, winning the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album for "World Gone Wrong."
In 1989, when Dylan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Bruce Springsteen spoke at the ceremony, declaring that "Bob freed the mind the way Elvis freed the body ... He invented a new way a pop singer could sound, broke through the limitations of what a recording artist could achieve, and changed the face of rock and roll forever." In 1997, Dylan became the first rock star ever to receive Kennedy Center Honors, considered the nation's highest award for artistic excellence.
Dylan's 1997 album "Time Out of Mind" re-established this one-time folk icon as one of the preeminent of rock's wise men, winning three Grammy Awards. He continued his vigorous touring schedule, including a memorable performance in 1997 for Pope John Paul II in which he played "Knockin' on Heaven's Door," and a 1999 tour with Paul Simon. In 2000, he recorded the single "Things Have Changed" for the soundtrack of the film Wonder Boys, starring Michael Douglas. The song won Dylan a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Original Song.
As of December 2016, Dylan had recorded 35 studio albums.
On August 13, 2021, a woman known as "JC" filed a lawsuit accusing Dylan of sexual assault. She that, during six weeks in April and May 1965, Dylan drugged and sexually assaulted her when she was 12 years old. Dylan's spokesman said that "the 56-year-old claim is untrue and will be vigorously defended".
Related pages
I'm Not There
References
Other websites
BobDylan.com — Official web site with song lyrics
Expecting Rain — News on Dylan
BobLinks — List of Dylan concerts and set lists
Still on the Road — Information on Bob Dylan's recording sessions
Hear Bob Dylan on the Pop Chronicles
1941 births
Living people
Accordionists
American blues musicians
American country musicians
American folk musicians
American guitarists
American Nobel Prize winners
American rock musicians
American rock singers
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Jewish American musicians
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jews who converted to Christianity
Kennedy Center honorees
Multi-instrumentalists
Musicians from Minnesota
Nobel Prize in Literature winners
People from Duluth, Minnesota
Singers from Minnesota
Ukrainian Americans |
7327 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana%20Ross | Diana Ross | Diana Ross is a famous American soul and pop singer. She was born in 1944 in Detroit, Michigan. Ross worked as a secretary for Motown Records in Detroit. She first became successful with a Motown group as The Supremes. The Supremes were the most successful act on Motown in the 1960s. They sold millions of albums and made it possible for other African American musical acts to become famous with international audiences.
Diana Ross had a successful solo career from the 1970s on. She is a high-paid concert performer. She also starred in three movies: Lady Sings The Blues, the story of the blues singer Billie Holiday; Mahogany, a story about a fashion designer; and The Wiz, an African-American version of the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
Personal life
Ross has five children and two grandchildren.
Other websites
1944 births
African American actors
African-American singers
Living people
People from Bessemer, Alabama
Singers from Alabama
Actors from Alabama
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Singers from Detroit, Michigan |
7328 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enid%20Blyton | Enid Blyton | Enid Blyton (11 August 1897 – 28 November 1968) was an English author. She was born in Dulwich, South London, England. She was one of the world's most famous children's writers. She is also one of the most prolific authors of all time. (This means that she wrote a great number of books.) Her most famous stories are the Famous Five stories, about a group of four children (Dick, Julian, Anne, and Georgina, who wanted to be called George) and their dog (Timmy) who have many adventures, and her Noddy books for small children.
Her parents wanted her to become a concert pianist (someone who plays the piano), but Enid wanted to be a teacher. Her parents agreed to let her train as a teacher. She began teaching in 1919 in Kent, not far from where she grew up in Beckenham.
As a child and teenager her main interest had been writing poems, stories and other items. She had sent many of them to magazines but had never had any published. As she worked as a teacher she began to have her articles, about children and education printed in a magazine called Teachers' World. Her first book, called Child Whispers came out in 1922. It was a book of her poems with illustrations (drawings).
She was married soon after. She left teaching and began to have more success with her books. She wrote in and was the editor of magazine for children called Sunny Stories. The stories she wrote for this magazine were so popular that the magazine was then called Enid Blyton's Sunny Stories. The magazine came out every two weeks. Many of Enid's most famous books were first printed in this magazine in parts.
Enid Blyton has been in The Guinness Book of Records as one of the world's biggest selling writers. She is also included because she wrote more books than almost any other writer (about 700). Her books were published in many different languages. She said that she found writing them easy. In the last few years of her life she had a disease which damaged her mind, called presenile dementia. Her books still sell in large numbers, and used to be owned by her family. A few years ago her family sold them, and now her works belong to a private company.
Enid Blyton did a lot of work for charity and had a club for children which helped them to give money to charity. She was married twice and had two daughters. She died of Alzheimer's disease in Hampstead, London.
Books: Enid Blyton: a biography (1974). The official biography, telling the story of Enid Blyton's life
Other websites
The Enid Blyton Society
EnidBlyton.net
Heather's Blyton Pages
Enid Blyton Collectors' and Enthusiasts' Guide to First Editions
1897 births
1968 deaths
British children's writers
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in London
Writers from London |
7334 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Denis | Saint Denis | Saint Denis is the patron saint of France.
Saint Denis was the first bishop of Paris. He supposedly went there between 250 and 270. He was executed in 272. According to legend, he was beheaded. After his beheading, he walked away, his head under his arms, along what is today the Rue des Martyrs in Paris. After about , he gave his head to a pious woman, who had a basilica erected in the spot.
3rd-century births
272 deaths
Christian saints |
7335 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon | Dragon | A dragon is a snake-like legendary creature, belonging to mythology and fantasy. There are stories about dragons in Chinese culture, European culture, South American culture, and many others.
There are many kinds of dragons in the different cultures. In general:
A dragon has none to four legs, claws, scales, spikes or optional wings.
A dragon can look like a reptile.
Some dragons can be heard about in stories, (e.g) George and the Dragon.
Some dragons prefer to nest.
The Chinese dragon is associated with the emperor of China so it can use the symbol of the imperial power.
Some dragons live in Western European and Eastern Asia.
Some dragons prefer to be in caves.
Dragons feature in many stories such as; The Hobbit, Beowulf, How To Train Your Dragon and Harry Potter. In The Hobbit and Beowulf, dragons are dangerous and attack humans. Other stories, such as those by Anne McCaffrey, have dragons who are looking for help, or giving help. A dragon also appears in the Book of Revelation chapters 12-13, where he is seen as the Devil.
Other websites
Dragons Across Cultures at Draconika
Legendary creatures |
7337 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertia | Inertia | Inertia is the resistance of the object to any change in its motion, including a change in direction. An object will stay still or keep moving at the same speed and in a straight line, unless it is acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
For example, a rubber ball will not start bouncing around unless someone picks it up and throws it. Basically, if an object is not moving, it will not start moving unless something else acts upon it. The same idea can be applied to motion: an object in motion will stay in motion unless some outside, opposing force acts upon it. Inertia is also called Sir Isaac Newton's First Law of Motion. The First Law of Motion says that:
Every body perseveres in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight ahead, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by forces impressed. [Cohen & Whitman 1999 translation]
This basically means:
Every object stays at rest or stays moving at the same speed unless something makes it change.Johannes Kepler gave inertia its name in Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (published in three parts from 1617–1621)
Albert Einstein developed the idea of Special Relativity based on Galileo's statement that it is impossible to tell the difference between a moving object and a stationary one without some outside reference to compare it against.
Related pages
Moment of inertia
Newton's laws of motion
Mechanics
Basic physics ideas |
7341 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock%20Holmes | Sherlock Holmes | Sherlock Holmes is a character from books written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. His most famous story was The Hound of the Baskervilles.
Many of the stories were made into movies and television dramas. He is a detective who tries to find out who committed crimes. There is a monument in London dedicated to him. He has a sharp mind and solves even the most difficult and strange cases. He works with his friend Dr. Watson, a retired army officer. Holmes plays the violin and smokes a pipe. Sometimes when he has not got any cases to solve, he uses drugs. He is very smart. He first appeared in 1887 and is known for his detective skills. Sometimes he takes cocaine and morphine.
Sherlock Holmes was "born" on 6th January 1861 , and for more than 100 years his name has been known in every country of the world; and not only his name, but his appearance too. The hawk-like features and piercing eyes; the dressing-gown and pipe; the unusual cap and magnifying glass - these details are so familiar that if he were to appear amongst us today we should know him at once.
The science of deduction
In the story The Sign of Four, the first part is titled "The Science of Deduction". Dr. Watson admires Sherlock Holmes attention to detail and Holmes explains the importance of details that appear unimportant but can be crucial in solving a mystery. This was the first time he met with Dr. Watson, his co-detective in the year 1887.
In the second part of the story A Study in Scarlet, Sherlock Holmes's method is explained in detail. He is the only Consulting Detective in the world and his "science of detection" is based on analysis and deduction, figuring things out from things he already knows. He is especially good at backwards reasoning (inference or abduction). From the scratches around on an old watch, he decides the man drinks a lot; in another case seeing the man's clothes are respectable but worn, he thinks the man was once successful, but has fallen on hard times and taken to drink.
Sherlock Holmes does not know a lot about literature, philosophy, astronomy and politics but he knows a lot about chemistry. He also seems to know every detail of every horror that took place in the 19th century. But from the first interaction with Dr. Watson we could infer that he is very good in botany, geology and sensational literature.
Sherlock Holmes' brother
Mycroft Holmes is Sherlock Holmes' brother. He works for the government and according to Sherlock, his brother Mycroft's powers of deduction are even better than his own, and often Mycroft's word has decided national policy. Sometimes, Sherlock goes to his brother to ask for advice on some little problem. In Sherlock's own words, Mycroft is the British government.
Sherlock Holmes' arch enemy
Professor James Moriarty is Sherlock Holmes' arch enemy (chief enemy). Moriarty commits many crimes. He is a mathematical genius and worked at a small English university, before he quit and moved to London. There he became the center of organized crime (the mob) and the object of Sherlock Holmes's investigative power who considered the professor his intellectual equal. Sherlock Holmes vs (against) Moriarty represents one of the greatest battles of wits (shrewdness, intelligence, smartness) in the history of the world. Holmes spoke often of Moriarty's genius in admiration in spite of (not considering) the horror of the crimes. He spoke well of Moriarty without taking into consideration the evil side of his nature. Among Holmes other foes is Moriarty's Chief assassin Colonel Sebastian Moran ["The Adventure of the Empty House']; Dr Grimesby Roylott; ["The Adventure of the Speckled Band'']; Roger Baskerville aka Jack Stapleton ["The Hound of the Baskervilles"]; Charles Augustus Milverton ["The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton"]; John Clay ["The Adventure of the Red headed League''] and Irene Adler ["A Scandal in Bohemia"]
The women in his life
His landlady Mrs. Hudson who was genuinely fond of him.
He showed his attentiveness to Violet Hunter. He was courteous and considerate to all women.
He posed as a plumber in his wooing (courtship) of Charles Augustus Millerton's housemaid.
He was never really involved emotionally with a woman. In his own words, "I have never loved..."
In ''A Scandal in Bohemia", the only case in which he fails, appears the only woman he considered his equal intellectually and the only woman who ever defeated him. Her name is Irene Adler. She was born in New Jersey and was an opera singer. She had a love affair (romance) with the king of Bohemia.
Honors
With the exception of stories published by his assistant Dr John H Watson, Holmes' name rarely appears in newspapers in connection with a case [i.e. A Study in Scarlet being the exception]. He has however accepted several honors during his lifetime. His most significant award to be received is the Legion of Honor decoration from the French Government for capturing an assassin. From Queen Victoria he declined a knighthood but accepted an emerald tiepin. From the Hereditary King of Bohemia he received an antique gold snuffbox. From the royal family of the Netherlands he received an expensive ring.
Books
Some Sherlock Holmes books are:
A Study in Scarlet
His Last Bow
The Valley of Fear
References
Other websites
Movie: Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon (1943)
Characters in written fiction
Fictional British people
Arthur Conan Doyle |
7342 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/York | York | York is a historic walled city in North Yorkshire, England. The Romans called it Eboracum, and the Vikings called it Jorvik.
History
The city has been important in many political events in its two millennia of existence. The city offers many historical attractions, of which York Minster is the most well-known. There are many cultural and sporting activities making it a popular tourist destination for millions.
The city was founded by the Romans as in 71 AD. It was later the capital of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern province of the Church of England, a role it still has. About 130,000 people live in York. It was the traditional county town of Yorkshire but it is no longer. It is now a unitary authority.
The centre of York is medieval. It has famous old streets and a cathedral called York Minster. To the west of York is Leeds, Wetherby and Harrogate. To the south of York is Selby to the north of York is Easingwold and to the east of York is Scarborough.
Archbishop of York
York is home to the Archbishop of York, a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England who is second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The current Archbishop of York is Stephen Cottrell, who has held the post since July 2020.
Gallery
Unitary authorities |
7343 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Yorkshire | North Yorkshire | North Yorkshire is a large county in the region called Yorkshire and the Humber in the north of England.
North Yorkshire was part of one bigger county called Yorkshire. The three parts of Yorkshire used to be called the West Riding, the East Riding, and the North Riding. in 1974, the boundaries and names changed. The "North Riding" changed to "North Yorkshire". The other main parts of Yorkshire are now South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, and the East Riding of Yorkshire.
The largest city in North Yorkshire is York. York is now (since 1996) a unitary authority, it is not officially part of North Yorkshire.
North Yorkshire is the largest county in England. It has several towns. It also has many open green areas and hills, so two of the 11 UK national parks (the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales) are in North Yorkshire.
Ceremonial counties of England
1974 establishments in England |
7346 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig%20Latin | Pig Latin | Pig Latin is a language code or game and is most often used by children who speak English.
The usual rules are:
For words that begin with consonants, move the consonant to the end of the word and add "ay."
For words that begin with vowels, simply add "ay" to the end of the word.
Pig Latin that one writes is sometimes written with dashes, between the first part and the "c-ay" letters, and sometimes it is not. A sentence can be "Is-thay is-ay an-ay example-ay of-ay Ig-pay Atin-lay ith-way ashes-day", or "Isthay isay anay exampleay ofay Igpay Atinlay ithoutway ashesday."
In Pig Latin, this sentence:
Is-thay is-ay an-way example-ay of-ay Ig-pay Atin-lay. As-ay ou-yay an-cay ee-say, it-ay is-ay illy-say, ut-bay ots-lay of-ay un-fay or-fay ildren-chay.
comes to mean:
This is an example of Pig Latin. As you can see, it is silly, but lots of fun for children.
The British name for Pig Latin is "backslang".
References
Other websites
Entry An entry from wikiHow on learning Pig Latin.
Constructed languages
Word games |
7347 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20number | Binary number | The binary numeral system is a way to write numbers using only two digits: 0 and 1. These are used in computers as a series of "off" and "on" switches. In binary, each digit's place value is twice as much as that of the next digit to the right (since each digit holds two values). In decimal - the system that humans normally use - each digit holds ten values, and the place value increases by a power of ten (ones, tens, hundreds, etc.). The place value of the rightmost digit, in either case, is 1.
Example: 10110011
The place value of the last 1 (rightmost position) is 1.
The place value of the 1 before that is 2.
The place value of the 0 before that is 4.
The place value of the 0 before that is 8.
The place value of the 1 before that is 16.
The place value of the 1 before that is 32.
The place value of the 0 before that is 64.
The place value of the 1 before that is 128.
Adding together all the place values that have 1s, it would be 1+2+16+32+128 = 179. For convenience, binary digits (bits, for short) are usually grouped together in two groups of 4 bits. This is 8 bits, or a byte, and is written using the hexadecimal numeral system. This would be shown as 1011 0011 = B3.
Binary arithmetic
Arithmetic is a way of adding together two or more binary numbers. There are four rules in binary arithmetic. They are:
0 + 0 = 0
1 + 0 = 1
1 + 1 = 10 (2)
1 + 1 + 1 = 11 (3)
This is because in binary there are only two digits; 0 and 1. Because of this, the number two and three have to be represented in some other way. This is how the binary value for three is calculated:
This shows that the binary value would be 11.
History
Binary is a numbering system that is a series of 1s and 0s meaning (to the computers) on and off. It is base 2 and our number system (decimal) is base 10, where 10 numerals are used rather than 2.
In 1817 John Leslie (a Scottish mathematician) suggested that primitive societies may have evolved counting with objects (like pebbles) before they had even words to describe the total number of objects involved. The next step in the evolution of counting would have been the discovery that this pile of objects could be reduced into two piles of equal measures (leaving either 0 objects left over or just a remainder of 1). This remainder (odd = 1 or even = 0) would then be recorded and one of the piles removed whilst the second pile was then further divided into two sub piles. If you record the remainder left over after the original pile has been divided in two and continue repeating this process; of sub dividing one of the remaining piles into half and then removing one of those piles and continue by subdividing the remaining pile into two piles you will ultimately be left with just either 2 or 3 objects. If you record the remainder left over (odd = 1 or even = 0) at the end of each reduction you will eventually be left with a tally record of 1's and 0's which will be the binary representation of your original pile of objects. So instead of representing your original pile of objects with a repeating number or marks or tokens (which for large numbers could be quite long) you have reduced your pile of objects into more compact binary number. If you need to recover the original number of objects from this summarised binary number it is easy enough to do; by simply starting with the first tally mark and then doubling it and adding one if the next binary number contains a 1 and then continuing the process until the end of the binary number is reached. So binary counting may be both the oldest and the most modern method of counting.
Binary was invented by many people but the modern binary number system is credited to Gottfried Leibniz in 1679, a German mathematician. Binary has been used in nearly everything electronic; from calculators to supercomputers. Machine code is binary digits.
Related pages
Binary
Negative binary numbers
Decimal numbers in binary
Truth value
Translation
You can translate binary to normal numbers using
Numbering systems |
7350 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper%20Mario%3A%20The%20Thousand-Year%20Door | Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door | Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door (or, as it is nicknamed, Paper Mario 2) is a Nintendo GameCube role-playing game released in 2004. It won the IGN.com award for best RPG game of the year. It uses the setting of Nintendo's Mario games.
Plot
Princess Peach finds a map in an old town filled with crime. Mario sets off to the town of Rogueport, where he finds the Crystal Stars. There is a door deep in the sewers of Rogueport (the Thousand-Year Door) which will open if all the crystal stars are collected. It is said that a demonic spirit rests behind the door. The X-Nauts (a group of robot-like people) try to steal all of the crystal stars in order to awaken a evil demon to wipe out the planet so that they can become dictators of the world.
The last boss of the game is the Shadow Queen who possesses (takes over) Princess Peach.
Three shadows (The Shadow Sirens) are somehow related to the demon.
Reviews
The game had good reviews.
References
Nintendo GameCube games
Nintendo DS games
2004 video games
Mario roleplaying games
Nintendo GameCube-only games
Virtual Console games |
7353 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickname | Nickname | A nickname is a special name that a person may be called that is different from their real name or from their birth name. It is not a legal thing; it is a social thing. The name may be given to them by their friends or family. It may be like the person's real name or completely different. Nicknames often come from how a person looks, or from something they are especially known for doing. They can also be a shortened version of the given name.
Nicknames can also be unkind and rude, and used by people who dislike the person given the nickname. Often famous people are given nicknames by the writers of newspapers or other people in the media, such as TV. In Thailand, people are often given nicknames based on how they look. For example, someone can be called ผู้ชายสูง (phuchay sung) meaning being tall. Nicknames can also be given to people in countries. For example, people from the United States are sometimes called Yankees. Nicknames can also be given to tribes. For example, the Dhulbahante tribe are often called reer Darawiish. That's because the former anti-colonial Dervish state was a Dhulbahante state.
References
Names |
7354 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Luther%20King%20Jr. | Martin Luther King Jr. | Martin Luther King, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He was best known for improving civil rights by using nonviolent civil disobedience, based on his Christian beliefs. Because he was both a Ph.D. and a pastor, King is sometimes called the Reverend Doctor Martin Luther King Jr. (abbreviation: the Rev. Dr. King), or just Dr King. He is also known by his initials MLK. He was the pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia.
King worked hard to make people understand that not only black people but that all races should always be treated equally to white people. He gave speeches to encourage African Americans to protest without using violence.
Led by Dr. King and others, many African Americans used nonviolent, peaceful strategies to fight for their civil rights. These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, and protest marches. Often, they were attacked by white police officers or people who did not want African Americans to have more rights. However, no matter how badly they were attacked, Dr. King and his followers never fought back.
King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. The next year, he won the Nobel Peace Prize.
King fought for equal rights from the start of the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 until he was murdered by James Earl Ray in April 1968.
Early life
Martin Luther King was born at 501 Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 15, 1929. Although the name "Michael" appeared on his birth certificate, his name was later changed to Martin Luther in honor of German reformer Martin Luther.
As King was growing up, everything in Georgia was segregated, 70 years after the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were later separated away from white people. This meant that black and white people were not allowed to go to the same schools, use the same public bathrooms, eat at the same restaurants, drink at the same water fountains, or even go to the same hospitals. Everything was separate. However, the white hospitals, schools, and other places were usually much better than the places where black people were allowed to go.
At age 6, King first went through discrimination (being treated worse than a white person because he was black). He was sent to an all-black school, and a white friend was sent to an all-white school.
Once, when he was 14, King won a contest with a speech about civil rights. When he was going back home on a bus, he was forced to give up his seat and stand for the bus ride so a white person could sit down. At the time, white people were seen as more important than black people. If a white person wanted a seat, that person could take the seat from any African American. King later said having to give up his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been in my life."
Education
King went to segregated schools in Georgia, and finished high school at age 15. He went on to Morehouse College in Georgia, where his father and grandfather had gone. After graduating from college in 1948, King decided he was not exactly the type of person to join the Baptist Church. He was not sure what kind of career he wanted. He thought about being a doctor or a lawyer. He decided not to do either, and joined the Baptist Church.
King went to a seminary in Pennsylvania to become a pastor. While studying there, King learned about the non-violent methods used by Mahatma Gandhi against the British Empire in India. King was convinced that these non-violent methods would help the civil rights movement.
Finally, in 1955, King earned a Ph.D. from Boston University's School of Theology.
Civil rights work
Montgomery Bus Boycott
King first started his civil rights activism in 1955. At that time, he led a protest against the way black people were segregated on buses. They had to sit at the back of the bus, separate from white people. He told his supporters, and the people who were against equal rights, that people should only use peaceful ways to solve the problem.
King was chosen as president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which was created during the boycott. Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen in part because he was relatively new to the community and so [he] did not have any enemies." King ended up becoming an important leader of the boycott, becoming famous around the country, and making many enemies.
King was arrested for starting a boycott. He was fined $500, plus $500 more in court costs. His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were also threatened. However, by December 1956, segregation had been ended on Montgomery's buses. People could sit anywhere they wanted on the buses.
After the bus boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy started the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The group decided that they would only use non-violence. Its motto was "Not one hair of one head of one person should be harmed." The SCLC chose King as its president.
March on Washington
In 1963, King helped plan the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. This was the largest protest for human rights in United States history. On August 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial. Then they listened to civil rights leaders speak. King was the last speaker. His speech, called "I Have a Dream," became one of history's most famous civil rights speeches. King talked about his dream that one day, white and black people would be equal.
That same year, the United States government passed the Civil Rights Act. This law made many kinds of discrimination against black people illegal. The March on Washington made it clear to the United States government that they needed to take action on civil rights, and it helped get the Civil Rights Act passed.
Nobel Prize
In 1964, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. When presenting him with the award, the Chairman of the Nobel Committee said:
Today, now that mankind [has] the atom bomb, the time has come to lay our weapons and armaments aside and listen to the message Martin Luther King has given us[:] "The choice is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....
[King] is the first person in the Western world to have shown us that a struggle can be waged without violence. He is the first to make the message of brotherly love a reality in the course of his struggle, and he has brought this message to all men, to all nations and races.
Voting rights
King and many others then started working on the problem of racism in voting. At the time, many of the Southern states had laws which made it very hard or impossible for African-Americans to vote. For example, they would make African Americans pay extra taxes, pass reading tests, or pass tests about the Constitution. White people did not have to do these things.
In 1963 and 1964, civil rights groups in Selma, Alabama had been trying to sign African-American people up to vote, but they had not been able to. At the time, 99% of the people signed up to vote in Selma were white. However, the government workers who signed up voters were all white. They refused to sign up African-Americans. In January 1965, these civil rights groups asked King and the SCLC to help them. Together, they started working on voting rights. However, the next month, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot by a police officer during a peaceful march. Jackson died.pp. 121–123 Many African-American people were very angry.
The SCLC decided to organize a march from Selma to Montgomery. By walking 54 miles (87 kilometers) to the state capital, activists hoped to show how badly African-Americans wanted to vote. They also wanted to show that they would not let racism or violence stop them from getting equal rights.
The first march was on March 7, 1965. Police officers, and people they had chosen to help them, attacked the marchers with clubs and tear gas. They threatened to throw the marchers off the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Seventeen marchers had to go to the hospital, and 50 others were also injured. This day came to be called Bloody Sunday. Pictures and film of the marchers being beaten were shown around the world, in newspapers and on television. Seeing these things made more people support the civil rights activists. People came from all over the United States to march with the activists. One of them, James Reeb, was attacked by white people for supporting civil rights. He died on March 11, 1965.
Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson decided to send soldiers from the United States Army and the Alabama National Guard to protect the marchers. From March 21 to March 25, the marchers walked along the "Jefferson Davis Highway" from Selma to Montgomery. Led by King and other leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery on March 25. He gave a speech called "How Long? Not Long" at the Alabama State Capitol. He told the marchers that it would not be long before they had equal rights, "because the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice."
On August 6, 1965, the United States passed the Voting Rights Act. This law made it illegal to stop somebody from voting because of their race.
Later work
After this, King continued to fight poverty and the Vietnam War.
Assassination
King had made enemies by working for civil rights and becoming such a powerful leader. The Ku Klux Klan did what they could to hurt King's reputation, especially in the South. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped his phones, his home, and the phones and homes of his friends.
On April 4, 1968, King was in Memphis, Tennessee. He planned to lead a protest march to support garbage workers who were on strike. At 6:01 pm, King was shot while he was standing on the balcony of his motel room.pp. 284–285 The bullet entered through his right cheek and travelled down his neck. It cut open the biggest veins and arteries in King's neck before stopping in his shoulder.
King was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital. His heart had stopped. Doctors there cut open his chest and tried to make his heart start pumping again. However, they were unable to save King's life. He died at 7:05 p.m.pp. 284–285
King's death led to riots in many cities.
In March 1969, James Earl Ray was found guilty of killing King. He was sentenced to 99 years in prison. Ray died in 1998.
Legacy
Just days after King's death, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968. Title VIII of the Act, usually called the Fair Housing Act, made it illegal to discriminate in housing because of a person's race, religion, or home country. (For example, this made it illegal for a realtor to refuse to let a black family buy a house in a white neighborhood.) This law was seen as a tribute to King's last few years of work fighting housing discrimination in the United States.
After his death, King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. King and his wife were also awarded the Congressional Gold Medal.
In 1986, the United States government created a national holiday in King's honor. It is called Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. It is celebrated on the third Monday in January. This is around the time of King's birthday. Many people fought for the holiday to be created, including singer Stevie Wonder.
In 2003, the United States Congress passed a law allowing the beginning words of King's "I Have a Dream" speech to be carved into the Lincoln Memorial.
King County in the state of Washington, is named after King. Originally, the county was named after William R. King, an American politician who owned slaves. In 2005, the King County government decided the county would now be named after Martin Luther King, Jr. Two years later, they changed their official logo to include a picture of King.
More than 900 streets in the United States have also been named after King. These streets exist in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. and many others
In 2011, a memorial statue of King was put up on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
There are also memorials for King around the world. These include:
The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Church in Hungary
The King-Luthuli Transformation Center in Johannesburg, South Africa
The Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Forest in Israel's Southern Galilee area (along with the Coretta Scott King Forest in Biriya Forest, Israel)
The Martin Luther King, Jr. School in Accra, Ghana
The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Center in New Delhi, India
A statue of King at Westminster Abbey in London
A statue dedicated to Martin Luther King Jr. in Uppsala, Sweden.
Photo gallery
Related pages
Racial segregation
Discrimination
Non-violence
Mahatma Gandhi
Notes
References
Other websites
Timeline of Dr. King's life from BBC
Martin Luther King at Find a Grave
Martin Luther King Jr.
1929 births
1968 deaths
American Baptists
American civil rights activists
American murder victims
Writers from Atlanta, Georgia
American Nobel Prize winners
Boston University alumni
Christian ministers
Democratic socialists
Nonviolence advocates
Social democrats
Time People of the Year
Assassinated people
Murdered African-American people
Murders by firearm in the United States |
7356 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumanji | Jumanji | Jumanji is a 1995 movie starring Robin Williams, which was based loosely on a 1982 children's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg. It is about a boy who gets trapped in a game for 30 years, and must finish playing the game when he gets out. Other stars include Kirsten Dunst, David Alan Grier, Bonnie Hunt, Bradley Pierce, Jonathan Hyde, and Bebe Neuwirth. In the "Flying Hunter Van Pelt" scene, Roland D-50's PN-D50-02 patch "Fast Forward" was heard.
The game in the movie (titled Jumanji) has been made into a real game.
Release Dates
3-D Version
1995 movies
Jumanji
Movies based on books
English-language movies |
7358 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neopets | Neopets | Neopets is a website that lets its users create virtual pets, and take care of them. The site was created on November 15 1999, and has hundreds of millions of users. The website is owned by Jumpstart. Most of the pets that the user can create are not real animals, but are based upon real animals. Neopets has story plots, chat boards, and different things that users can do with their neopets. Many people of many different ages join Neopets. The site has many games that the user can play. Neopets has a help section to find answers to many of the questions that users may have. The games length varies from a minute or less to saveable games like neoquest that take more than 10 hours total to complete.
Pets
A person can make a pet and then feed it by playing games and getting money, or by visiting places to get free food once they have less than 3000 np (Neopoints). They can get items and clothes for their pets. They can get special items called paint brushes which change the color of the pet to a different special color
once you turn thirteen, you may Customize your web page... and get new stuff
Default avatars
Default avatars are the easiest type of avatar to get. Once a person creates an account on Neopets, they get to use the default avatars without having to do anything. Default avatars are mainly the different pets that can be used on the site and certain faeries.
Clickable avatars
Clickable avatars are the second easiest avatar to get. To earn a Clickable, the user must go to a certain place on the site. Once the user has gone to that page, they get a message that says they can use that avatar.
Avatars that are earned
Many avatars have to be earned. These are the avatars that people want most. These avatars are the hardest to get. These avatars may be gotten in many different ways. For example, getting a certain score in a game, buying a specific item, looking up a pet, refreshing, or getting a set amount of "Neopoints (money) used on the site).
Fan sites
There are many websites created by Neopet users to help other players. These sites help with information about how to play games and how to get avatars. There are also many sites for users to find ways to change the look of the pages that tell about themselves and their pets.
References
Other websites
Neopets home page
Online games
Entertainment websites |
7359 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Victoria | Queen Victoria | Queen Victoria (born Alexandrina Victoria (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 1837 to 1901. She was born to a German princess and an English prince. She became Queen of the United Kingdom Great Britain at the age of 18 after her uncle King William IV died. She inherited the throne because her father's three elder brothers died without leaving any legitimate children.
She was taught by her governess, Louise Lehzen, and Reverend George Davys. She learned to speak and read German and French well. Queen Victoria enjoyed dancing, drawing, horse riding and singing. She had lessons as a child from the famous opera singer Luigi LaBlache. She liked to paint and could play the piano. She kept a regular diary throughout her life.
Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert, in 1840. He supported science, trade and art in Britain. Victoria and Albert had nine children. They believed that a good family life and Christianity were very important. In general, English people followed their example.
The Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace opened in 1851. It happened partly because of Albert's hard work. The exhibition showed the success of British people in Victorian times.
In 1861, Prince Albert died and Victoria stayed away from public life.
Britain became more powerful in the following years, and in 1877, Victoria got the title 'Empress of India'. Victoria was very interested in India, but she never went there to the subcontinent. Her son went there instead.
In 1897, Victoria celebrated 60 years of being monarch. This surpassed her grandfather King George III. She was queen for 63 years, seven months longer than any other king or queen of Britain. People called her the 'grandmother of Europe' because many of Victoria's children became kings, princes and princesses of other countries.
After she died from a brain haemorrhage, her son Edward VII became King of the United Kingdom and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 till his death 6 May 1910.
Children
Ancestors
References
Other websites
Queen Victoria Citizendium
1819 births
1901 deaths
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom
Cardiovascular disease deaths in England
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
English Anglicans
House of Hanover
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Indian monarchs
Royalty from London |
7364 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freak%20the%20Mighty | Freak the Mighty | Freak the Mighty is a young adult fiction novel by Rodman Philbrick. Published in 1993, it was followed by the novel Max the Mighty in 1998. The primary characters are friends Maxwell Kane, a large, very slow, but kind-hearted kid and his friend Kevin Avery, nicknamed “Freak,” who is physically crippled but very intelligent. (In the Book, Kevin's last name is Avery. However, in the movie, his last name was changed to Dillon. Kevin is diagnosed with Morquio syndrome.)
The novel was adapted for the screen by Charles Leavitt; the movie was shot in Toronto, Canada and Cincinnati, Ohio, and directed by Peter Chelsom, and released in 1998.
Summary
In the beginning of the book, Maxwell "Max" Kane is a boy with low self-esteem, like his father; they are both "slow". He lives with his grandparents Grim and Gram. Max thinks of himself as stupid and he is in a disabled class. People are afraid of him because he looks like his father, "Killer Kane," a convicted murderer. Max sets the stage for the story by reminiscing about his time in daycare, when he was known as Kicker and Kevin, the other major character, was known as Freak. Kevin was always different because he was small and needed crutches and then leg braces to walk. But Max respected him even back then for his death glare and thought the crutches and leg braces were cool. Many years later when Max is in middle school, the real story begins.
Max finds out that people are moving into the house next door. The new neighbors turn out to be Freak and his mother Gwen, who Freak calls "The Fair Gwen" after King Arthur's wife. The boys make friends. They go to the Fourth of July fireworks together, and puts Freak on his shoulders so he can see. The local tough guy, Tony D. "Blade", chases the two with his gang because Freak called him a cretin. With Max's size and speed and Freak's directions and master plan of running into the pond, they keep themselves safe until they are rescued by the police. After this incident, Freak starts riding on Max's shoulders. They call their combined form "Freak the Mighty". The friendship is good for them both; they stick up for each other and Kevin even teaches Max to read and learn properly. They go on adventures such as going to the hospital which Freak claims has a secret department called the "Bionics Department" which has had his brain cat scanned to be fitted into an artificial body. On one adventure they find a woman's purse in the sewer. They return it to the woman who is called Loretta Lee. Loretta is the wife of Iggy Lee, boss of the Panheads, a motorcycle gang who "struck fear in everyone, even the cops", as Max puts it. She loved to eat weird things like cowpie and a lot of disgusting things because that's how her gang was. Iggy says that the two of them once knew Max's father. They want to "have some fun" with the boys but change their minds because they are afraid that Max's father will get angry. They are afraid of Max's father even though he's serving a life sentence. They also reveal that Kevin's father left once he heard his son had a birth defect.
At school, Freak nearly dies when he chokes after eating American chop suey. Max alerts the nurse. Freak is taken to the hospital. Later, Grim reveals to Max that his father has been let out on parole. Throughout the story, it has been slowly revealed that Max's father killed his mother by strangling her, and that Grim and Gram hate him and are afraid of Max ending up like him. Max is shocked and scared by the news of his father's parole. Freak returns from the hospital and the two celebrate Christmas Eve together. After Christmas Eve, Max is woken up by his father, Killer Kane, who has come to kidnap him. After Max is kidnapped by his father, the two drive to Iggy Lee's apartment in the "New Testaments" (really tenements). Killer Kane is even bigger than Max and acts in a very threatening, intimidating manner towards everyone, including his son, who he keeps tied up. Killer Kane swears on the Bible that he did not murder Max's mother. He also reveals that he plans to head to "warmer weather" and be a con man. At night he leaves Max alone, tied up in a room in the apartment of an old lady on vacation. Loretta, shocked that Kane would do something like that to his own child, tries to help him escape. Killer Kane catches her and starts to strangle her. Max attempts to stop him and reveals that he witnessed his father kill his mother in the same fashion. Kane gives up on training Max to be his obedient assistant and tries to kill him, but Freak arrives just in time and saves Max by squirting Kane with a squirt gun he claims is filled with sulfuric acid when in fact, it is filled with soap, vinegar, and curry powder. The police are waiting outside, and Killer Kane goes back to prison, this time until he's an old man.
In the spring after the attack, Kevin celebrates his and Freak the Mighty's birthday. Soon after, Freak dies in the hospital after telling Max to record all of their adventures. Max goes crazy when he hears the news and is furious at the doctors for promising Kevin a robotic body to save him. The doctor explains that that was just a story Kevin told himself, and he always knew he was going to die young. He looked up his condition in a medical dictionary (Freak loved words and carried a dictionary around all the time). Max mourns Freak for weeks and won't stop. With Loretta Lee's encouragement, Max eventually starts to heal and writes a book about the adventures of Freak the Mighty, in accordance with Freak's final wishes.
References
1993 books |
7365 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Handler | Daniel Handler | Daniel Handler (born February 28, 1970) is the real name of Lemony Snicket, author of the popular A Series of Unfortunate Events books. He graduated from Lowell High School and from Wesleyan University in 1992. He is a native of San Francisco and went to the San Francisco Boys Chorus. He calls himself the fake name of Lemony Snicket in the books, as well as in Lemony's autobiography. The autobiography is listed as fiction. After several years of writing the books, Daniel let the public know that he was behind the name of Lemony Snicket.
He is married to Lisa Brown and had their first child, Otto, in October of 2003. He finished 13 books to complete the Series of Unfortunate Events.
It is also believed by some people that his wife, author and illustrator Lisa Brown could possibly be the "Beatrice" that Handler writes his books for.
References
1970 births
Living people
Writers from San Francisco |
7368 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20warming | Global warming | Global warming is the current rise in temperature of the air and oceans. It happens because humans burn coal, oil and natural gas, and cut down forests. Average temperatures today are about higher than before people started burning a lot of coal around 1750. In some parts of the world it is less and some more. Most climate scientists say that by the year 2100 temperatures will be to higher than they were before 1750. The extra warmth melts ice caps around the world. Sea level is rising for two reasons: ice on the land, like Greenland, melts into the sea. Water also gets larger when it warms. Many cities will be partly flooded by the ocean in the 21st century.
Global warming is mostly because of people burning things, like gasoline for cars and natural gas to keep houses warm. But the heat from the burning itself only makes the world a tiny bit warmer: it is the carbon dioxide from the burning which is the biggest part of the problem. Among the greenhouse gases, the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is the main cause of global warming, as predicted by Svante Arrhenius a hundred years ago, confirming the work of Joseph Fourier more than 200 years ago. When people burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas this adds carbon dioxide into the air. This is because fossil fuels contain lots of carbon and burning means joining most of the atoms in the fuel with oxygen. When people cut down many trees (deforestation), this means less carbon dioxide is taken out of the atmosphere by those plants.
As the Earth's surface temperature becomes hotter the sea level rises. This is partly because water over expands when it gets warmer. It is also partly because warm temperatures make glaciers and ice caps melt. The sea level rise causes coastal areas to flood. Weather patterns, including where and how much rain or snow there is, are changing. Deserts will probably increase in size. Colder areas will warm up faster than warm areas. Strong storms may become more likely and farming may not make as much food. These effects will not be the same everywhere. The changes from one area to another are not well known.
Governments have agreed to keep temperature rise below , but current plans by governments are not enough to limit global warming that much.
People in government and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are talking about global warming. But governments, companies, and other people do not agree on what to do about it. Some things that could reduce warming are to burn less fossil fuels, grow more trees, eat less meat, and put some carbon dioxide back in the ground. People could adapt to some temperature change. The Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement try to reduce pollution from the burning of fossil fuels. Most governments have agreed to them but some people in government think nothing should change. The gas produced by cows digestion also causes global warming, because it contains a greenhouse gas called methane.
Temperature changes
Climate change has happened constantly over the history of the Earth, including the coming and going of ice ages. But modern climate change is different because people are putting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere very quickly.
Since the 1800s, people have recorded the daily temperature. By about 1850, there were enough places measuring temperature so that scientists could know the global average temperature. Compared with before people started burning a lot of coal for industry, the temperature has risen by about . In 1979, satellites started measuring the temperature of the Earth.
Before 1850, there were not enough temperature measurements for us to know how warm or cold it was. Climatologists use proxy measurements to try to figure out past temperatures before there were thermometers. This means measuring things that change when it gets colder or warmer. One way is to cut into a tree and measure how far apart the growth rings are. Trees that live a long time can give us an idea of how temperature and rain changed while they were alive.
For most of the past 2000 years the average temperature of the world didn't change much. There were some times where the temperatures were a little warmer or cooler in some places. One of the most famous warm times was the Medieval Warm Period and one of the most famous cool times was the Little Ice Age (not really an ice age). Other proxy measurements like the temperature measured in deep holes mostly agree with the tree rings. Tree rings and bore holes can only help scientists work out the temperature back to about 2000 years ago. Ice cores are also used to find out the temperature back to about half a million years ago.
Greenhouse gases
There a many greenhouse gases that cause the Earth to warm. The most important one is carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 comes from power plants, where coal and natural gas are burnt. Cars also emit CO2 when they burn petrol. About 23 billion tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are released into the Earth's atmosphere each year. The amount of CO2 in the air is about 48% more than it was around 1750. About three-quarters of the CO2 that people have put in the air during the past 20 years are due to burning fossil fuel like coal or oil. The rest mostly comes from changes in how land is used, like cutting down trees.
The second most important greenhouse gas is methane. This comes mostly from food production. Some methane also leaks when oil and gas are produced.
Dust and dirt
Dust and dirt in the air may come from natural sources such as volcanos, erosion and meteoric dust. Some of this dirt falls out within a few hours. Some is aerosol, so small that it could stay in the air for years. The aerosol particles in the atmosphere make the earth colder. The effect of dust therefore cancels out some of the effects of greenhouse gases. Even though humans also put aerosols in the air when they burn coal or oil this only cancels out the greenhouse effect of the fuel burning for less than 20 years: the carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere much longer and keeps on warming the earth.
Slowing climate change
Some people burn less fossil fuel. Countries try to emit less greenhouse gases. The Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997. It was meant to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to below their levels in 1990. However, carbon dioxide levels have continued to rise.
Energy conservation is used to burn less fossil fuel. People can also use energy sources that don't burn fossil fuel, like solar panels or electricity from nuclear power or wind power. Or they can prevent the carbon dioxide from getting out into the atmosphere, which is called carbon capture and storage (CCS). Geoengineering is also seen by some as one a way to slow or stop climate change.
Dealing with impacts of climate change
People can change how they live because of the impacts of climate change. For example, they can go to places where the weather is better, or build walls around cities to keep flood water out. This cost money, and rich people and rich countries will be able to change more easily than the poor.
History of climate change science
As early as the 1820s a lot of scientists were finding out about climate change. Joseph Fourier believed that light from the sun can enter the atmosphere, but cannot leave nearly as easily. He tried to prove that air can absorb the infrared radiation and will be given back to the Earth’s surface. Later in 1859, John Tyndall discovered that water vapor and CO2 trap heat waves given by the sun. In 1896, Svante Arrhenius tried to prove that it would take thousands of years for the industrial production of CO2 to raise the Earth’s temperature 5-6°C. But throughout the early 20th century many people did not believe this idea because it was too simple. In the mid 20th century, scientists worked out that there was a 10% increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over the 19th century, which made it a little bit warmer. It was at this time that people believed the emissions of CO2 would increase exponentially in the future and the oceans would absorb any surplus of greenhouse gases. In 1956, Gilbert N. Plass decided that greenhouse gas emissions will have an effect on the Earth’s temperature and argued that not thinking about GHG emissions would be a mistake. Soon after, scientists studying all different kinds of science began to work together to figure out the mystery of GHG emissions and their effects. As technology advanced, it was in the 1980s that there was proof of a rise in CO2 levels. An ice core, captured through drilling, provided clear evidence that carbon dioxide levels have risen.
Effects of global warming on sea levels
Sea level is rising because water over gets bigger when it gets warmer. Also because the Antarctica and Greenland ice sheets are melting. Sea level will rise between half and one metre by 2100, and between 2 and 7 metres by 2300.
Low-lying areas such as Bangladesh, Florida, the Netherlands and other areas face massive flooding.
Cities affected by current sea level rise
Many cities are sea ports and under threat of flooding if the present sea level rises.
These and the other cities have either started trying to deal with rising sea level and related storm surge, or are discussing this, according to reliable sources.
London
New York City
Norfolk, Virginia, in Hampton Roads area of United States
Southampton
Crisfield, Maryland, United States
Charleston, South Carolina
Miami, Florida, has been listed as "the number-one most vulnerable city worldwide" in terms of potential damage to property from storm-related flooding and sea-level rise.
Saint Petersburg
Sydney, Australia
Jakarta
Thatta and Badin, in Sindh, Pakistan
Malé, Maldives
Mumbai, Buenos Aires, Los Angeles, Rio de Janeiro
Also, all other coastal cities are in danger.
Further reading
What is climate change National Geographic Kids
What is climate change? A really simple guide BBC
Related pages
Climate change
James Hansen
Stern Review
Pollution
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Greenhouse effect
References
Other websites
The Climate Change Guide easy-to-understand information on Climate Change
Energy
Climate change
Air pollution |
7369 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20music | House music | House music is a type of electronic dance music. It began during the early 1980s from disco and the black American soul music tradition. It takes its name from the Warehouse, a Chicago club where DJs first played their records to a large audience. The original "House" sound is characterized by "four on the floor" beats at 120-130 BPM, forward-driven bass lines, an emphasis on the second and fourth beats of each measure, handclaps, and cymbals. Over the years, house has created many types of house music. These include:
Acid house (with its "trippy" melodic lines, usually generated on a Roland 303 synthesizer)
Ambient house (with an ambient, atmospheric sound)
Bassline house (with an prominent warpy low bass sound)
Deep house (with a greater emphasis on "soul" and atmospheric background sounds)
Electro house (with a fuzzy, electronic and dirty bassline and heavy usage of synthesizers, similar to electropop)
Euro house (with a sound similar to Eurodance)
Balearic house (originating in the Balearic islands of Spain)
French house (originating in France)
Italo house (originating in Italy)
Speed garage (featuring choppy basslines, reggae-style vocals and often "broken" beats)
Progressive house (usually faster than traditional house, with many volume and phase changes and a "progression" of different background sounds)
Disco house (even greater emphasis on the bassline, and the return of many disco-like additions such as violin sections)
Hip house (House music with rapped lyrics)
Tech house (techno sounds featured over a house-derived beat, with melodic progression often less emphasized)
Latin house (incorporating elements of traditional Latin American music)
Tribal house (greater emphasis on drumlines; melodies may be present, but with less traditional "progression")
Witch house (with a dark, paranormal and witchcraft-themed sound)
Electronic dance music |
7372 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia | Ammonia | Ammonia is a chemical. Its formula is NH3 (not to be confused with Ammonium that has a formula of NH4+). It is made from nitrogen and hydrogen atoms.
Properties
It is a gas at room temperature
It is colourless
It has a strong, sharp smell
It is a base
It is an alkali
It is harmful when drank or inhaled
It dissolves in water to form a solution called household ammonia
The liquid boils at .
It freezes to white crystals at
Uses of ammonia
Making nitric acid from which many other things are made
Preparing wood pulp
Dissolved in water, it is household ammonia, used in cleaning (such as glass)
Refrigeration (making things cold)
Creating fertilizers such as Ammonium nitrate to use on farms
Ammonia is considered as a potential fuel for future container ships.
Ways it can be made
Many organic nitrogen compounds are in animal waste, including urine and guano. In the 19th century the Distillation (boiling for separation) of nitrogenous vegetable and animal waste was the main source of ammonia. During the 20th century the Haber process using high temperature and pressure with catalysts (things that make reactions faster) became the main source.
Ammonia in fish tanks
Ammonia is toxic. If a goldfish tank is dirty from their waste, the fish can suffer from ammonia burns which cause black spots or patches on their body. The tank must be large enough and have a filter.
Manufacture of ammonia
Because of its many uses, ammonia is one of the most highly produced inorganic chemicals. Dozens of chemical plants worldwide produce ammonia. The worldwide ammonia production in 2004 was 109 million metric tonnes. China produced 28.4% of the worldwide production (increasingly from coal as part of urea synthesis) followed by India with 8.6%, Russia with 8.4%, and the United States with 8.2%. About 80% or more of the ammonia produced is used for fertilizing agricultural crops.
Before the start of World War I, most ammonia was obtained by the dry distillation of nitrogenous vegetable and animal waste products, including camel dung, where it was distilled by the reduction of nitrous acid and nitrites with hydrogen; in addition, it was produced by the distillation of coal, and also by the decomposition of ammonium salts by alkaline hydroxides such as quicklime, the salt most generally used being the chloride (sal-ammoniac) thus:
2 NH4Cl + 2 CaO → CaCl2 + Ca(OH)2 + 2 NH3
Today, the typical modern ammonia-producing plant first converts natural gas (i.e., methane) or liquefied petroleum gas (such gases are propane and butane) or petroleum naphtha into gaseous hydrogen. The process used in producing the hydrogen begins with removal of sulfur compounds from the natural gas (because sulfur deactivates the catalysts used in subsequent steps). Catalytic hydrogenation converts organosulfur compounds into gaseous hydrogen sulfide:
H2 + RSH → RH + H2S (g)
The hydrogen sulfide is then removed by passing the gas through beds of zinc oxide where it is adsorbed and converted to solid zinc sulfide:
H2S + ZnO → ZnS + H2O
Catalytic steam reforming of the sulfur-free feedstock is then used to form hydrogen plus carbon monoxide:
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2
In the next step, the water gas shift reaction is used to convert the carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and more hydrogen:
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
The carbon dioxide is then removed either by absorption in aqueous ethanolamine solutions or by adsorption in pressure swing adsorbers (PSA) using proprietary solid adsorption media.
The final step in producing the hydrogen is to use catalytic methanation to remove any small residual amounts of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide from the hydrogen:
CO + 3 H2 → CH4 + H2O
CO2 + 4 H2 → CH4 + 2 H2O
To produce ammonia, the hydrogen then reacts with nitrogen (derived from process air) using a magnetite catalyst under high pressure to form anhydrous liquid ammonia. This step is known as the ammonia synthesis loop (also referred to as the Haber-Bosch process):
3 H2 + N2 → 2 NH3
Hydrogen required for ammonia synthesis could also be produced economically using other sources like coal or coke gasification, less economically from the electrolysis of water into oxygen + hydrogen and other alternatives that are presently impractical for large scale production.
At one time, most of Europe's ammonia was produced from the Hydro plant at Vemork, using electrolysis.
Related pages
Ammonium
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
References
Nitrogen compounds |
7374 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali | Alkali | In chemistry, an alkali is an aqueous (from water) solution with a pH value of more than 7.
The word 'Alkali' comes from the Arabic 'qali' meaning 'from the ashes' since ashes mixed with water used as cleaning products (such as soaps) are made of alkali materials
An alkali is where a base is dissolved in water. Often it is the salt of an Alkali metal
An alkali is the opposite to an acid and can be neutralised (brought down to pH 7) by adding acid.
Characteristics
It feels soapy
It is corrosive (it can burn your skin away)
The higher the number is over 7 on the pH scale the stronger the alkali is.
Highly soluble (can be dissolved) in water
They have a bitter taste
Turns red litmus paper blue
Can conduct electricity due to the presence of mobile ions
Is blue or purple on universal indicator
Strength
Like acids, alkalis can be weak or strong, depending on the nature and the concentration of the ionic salt composing it. The strength of an alkali can be found using universal indicator. Also like acids, the strength of an alkali is rated using the pH scale.
For example, soap and toothpaste contain weak alkalis, while cleaning products often contain strong ones.
Examples of common Alkalis
Sodium hydroxide, NaOH
Potassium hydroxide, KOH
Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2
Aqueous ammonia, NH3 (aq)
Uses of common Alkalis
Sodium hydroxide is used to make paper, detergents and soap.
Potassium hydroxide is used by farmers to make acidic soil more alkaline so that plants will grow better in it, and is also used as the electrolyte in alkaline, Ni-Cd, and Ni-MH batteries.
Calcium hydroxide is used to neutralize acidic soil.
Ammonium hydroxide is used as a cleansing agent.
Oxides and Hydroxides
Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are two types of base. When neutralised (an acid is added) they produce a salt and water. The type of salt produced depends on the acid and base.
Related pages
Base
Acid
Other websites
Small article on Alkaline chemicals
A distributor of Alkali Metals
A revision site directed towards GSCE students
In depth article on Alkalis - not recommended for Simple Wikipedia users
Alkali cleaning materials
Small in depth article on Alkali Metals
Chemistry
it:Alcalinità |
7375 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20White%20Stripes | The White Stripes | The White Stripes were an American rock band from Detroit, Michigan. There were two people in the band:
Jack White (vocals, guitar)
Meg White (drums)
The garage rock duo were known for their trademark red, white, and black colors and clothing, their frequent use of the number three, and their peppermint motif.
Their debut album was titled The White Stripes. It was released in 1999. Their second album was De Stijl. It was released in 2000. They became very famous in 2001 when they released their third album White Blood Cells. Their fourth album, Elephant, won a Grammy Award. It was released in 2003. Their fifth album, released in 2005, was titled Get Behind Me Satan. Their most recent album, Icky Thump, was released in June 2007.
Jack and Meg White were married when they started the band, but have since divorced. Jack has remarried and has two children, Scarlett and Henry Lee.
After a long break, the White Stripes officially announced the end of the band on February 2, 2011.
Discography
The White Stripes (1999)
De Stijl (2000)
White Blood Cells (2001)
Elephant (2003)
Get Behind Me Satan (2005)
Icky Thump (2007)
1990s establishments in Michigan
1997 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
2011 disestablishments in the United States
American punk bands
American rock bands
Blues bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical duos
Musical groups disestablished in 2011
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups from Detroit, Michigan |
7379 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium%20Dome | Millennium Dome | The Millennium Dome is a large dome-shaped building in Greenwich in South East London, UK (now known as The O2). It was built in 1900/2000 to celebrate the beginning of the third millennium. The name was officially changed to The O2 when Telefónica O2 Europe plc bought the naming rights from the devehutz Entertainment Group.
From 31 December 1999 until 31 December 2000 the Dome and some surrounding buildings were the home of the Millennium Exhibition which was meant to show the best of Britain to the world. The most successful part of the Exhibition was the stage show that was held two or three times each day in the middle of the dome. The show had dozens of dancers and acrobats, music by Peter Gabriel, and a tower that rose out of the dome's floor.
The rest of the Exhibition was not as successful as the Dome's owners had hoped. About 6 and a half million people visited the Exhibition, which was only half the number its owners hoped for.
The dome was sold to US Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) and reopened in July 2007 as the O2, an entertainment complex including a 22,000 seat concert and sports venue, cinema, music club and exhibition spaces. Among the first artists to perform there were Bon Jovi and Prince. The Rolling Stones performed there in August 2007, Led Zeppelin played a reunion show there in December 2007, and the Spice Girls took residence in the arena from December 2007 to January 2008.
In 2012, as part of the Summer Olympics in London, the building was renamed the "North Greenwich Arena" and was used to host gymnastics and basketball.
A walkway across the top of the dome's structure has been opened, allowing visitors to cross the roof at a height of 60m. The O2 Roofwalk tourist attraction is now partially powered by solar energy.
References
Buildings and structures in London |
7380 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium | Millennium | A millennium (plural: millennia) is a time period of one thousand (1000) years. The word millennium is derived from two Latin words mille ("thousand") and annum ("year").
Units of time |
7382 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlook.com | Outlook.com | Outlook.com is a free online email, address book and calendar. It is owned by Microsoft. It was started in 1996 as Hotmail. Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith created it. In 1997, Microsoft bought Hotmail for about $400 million. They renamed it twice, to MSN Hotmail and Windows Live Hotmail. In 2013, Hotmail became Outlook.com.
Each user that signs up for a Hotmail account will get 5GB worth of storage space and 25GB of space on Windows Live SkyDrive (now OneDrive). Business and organizations can also get Hotmail for their own domain name.
References
Other websites
Microsoft websites
E-mail
1995 establishments in California |
7385 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20K.%20Rowling | J. K. Rowling | Joanne Rowling , ( "rolling"; born 31 July 1965), writing under the pen names J. K. Rowling and Robert Galbraith, is a British author. She wrote the Harry Potter books. She only uses the name J. K. Rowling for her books: the "K" stands for "Kathleen", which was the first name of her grandmother.
Early and personal life
Rowling was born 31 July 1965 at Chipping Sodbury Cottage Hospital in Chipping Sodbury, Yate, Gloucesterhire England. She grew up in Tutshill, Gloucestershire, and went to school at Wyedean Comprehensive. She earned a degree in French and Classics at the University of Exeter. She worked at Amnesty International in London. The original idea for Harry Potter came to her on a train that was delayed for four hours in 1990. She moved to Portugal to teach English in 1990. She married Jorge Arantes in October 1992. They had her first child, Jessica in 1993. The marriage ended in divorce and Rowling moved to Edinburgh, Scotland. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (British version) (American version: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone) was first published in the United Kingdom in 1997. She married Dr. Neil Murray in 2001. She had a second child, David, in 2003, and a third, Mackenzie, in January 2005. Rowling claims inspiration from Christianity.
Her books
Rowling has won many awards for the Harry Potter series of books and has earned over $1 billion. The last book of the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was released on 21 July 2007. Due to the popularity of the books, Rowling has become very wealthy. The books have sold over 500 million copies. Rowling has written many books about the magic in Harry's world, such as 'Quidditch Through the Ages' and 'Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them'. Additionally, she has written other books targeting adults, the first of which is called The Casual Vacancy. The Cuckoo's Calling was published in April 2013, under the pen name Robert Galbraith, and its sequel, called The Silkworm, followed in June 2014. In 2016, people made an eighth book inspired by Harry Potter. This book was called Harry Potter and the Cursed Child. The book was the script for a play.
Summary
J K Rowling's novels feature a teenage boy named Harry Potter who grows up in a normal world with his aunt, uncle and cousin Dudley. When he is eleven years old, he discovers that he is a wizard and attends a magical academy called Hogwarts school of witchcraft and wizardry, where Albus Dumbledore is headmaster. Harry discovers his past about a dark wizard and with the help from his best friends Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger, he attempts to destroy the darkest wizard of all time, Voldemort, once and for all.
Publications
Harry Potter series
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (26 June 1997 (UK), 9 January 1998 (US))
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2 July 1998 (UK), 6 February 1999 (US))
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (8 July 1999 (UK), 9 August 1999 (US))
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (7 July 2000)
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (21 June 2003)
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (16 July 2005)
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (21 July 2007)
Other books
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (supplement to the Harry Potter series) (2001)
Quidditch Through the Ages (supplement to the Harry Potter series) (2001)
The Tales of Beedle the Bard (supplement to the Harry Potter series) (2007)
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (Script of new Play) (2016)
The Casual Vacancy (An 'adult' book. Her first novel that wasn't in the Harry Potter universe) (2012)
The Cuckoo's Calling (A crime fiction novel written under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith) (2013)
The Silkworm (A crime fiction novel written under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith) (2014)
Articles
"The First It Girl: J.K. Rowling reviews Decca: the Letters of Jessica Mitford ed by Peter Y Sussman", The Daily Telegraph 26 July 2006
Introduction to "Ending Child Poverty" in Moving Britain Forward. Selected Speeches 1997–2006 by Gordon Brown, Bloomsbury (2006)
Foreword to the anthology Magic, edited by Gil McNeil and Sarah Brown, Bloomsbury (2002)
The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of Imagination, J.K. Rowling, Harvard Magazine, 5 June 2008
Foreword to "Harry, A History", written by Melissa Anelli, Pocket (2008)
References
Other websites
Jk Rowling Net Worth
1965 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Exeter
British children's writers
English novelists
Harry Potter
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Society of Literature
Writers from Gloucestershire |
7386 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charmed | Charmed | Charmed is an American television series set in San Francisco. It is the story of three sister witches known as the Charmed Ones who fight demons and warlocks. Charmed was on The WB television network for 8 seasons from 1998 until 2006. Charmed ended production April 2006. Its last episode Forever Charmed was shown on May 21, 2006.
Plot
The story begins when Phoebe finds the Book of Shadows after seeing the word "ATTIC" spelled out on the spirit board. She reads out an incantation which gives them their powers. They remained a threesome until their sister, Prudence (Prue), dies fighting the demon Shax. Shortly after Prue dies, Piper casts a To Find A Lost Soul spell and finds that they have a younger half-sister, Paige Matthews. The triad or Power of Three is once again complete. This continues until the seventh season. After vanquishing the demon Zankou and an astral projection form of themselves everyone believes that they are dead. They give up magic to have normal lives. But the magic is still alive. They are sought out to help a young new witch named Billie who is a college student wanting to fight demons. Paige is first drawn to her because she is Billie's Whitelighter.
Characters
The Sisters
Prue Halliwell: Prue was the oldest sister of the Charmed Ones. She had the powers to move objects with her mind (Telekinesis) and Astral Projection. Prue was in love with a police officer named Andy. He died at the end of season 1. She died at the end of season 3. Prue's power to move objects with her mind is connected with her emotions. It is affected by anger. He power is stronger when she feels the need to protect herself and her sisters, or protect the innocents or the other good creatures.
Piper Halliwell: Piper was the middle child and always the middle. She has a husband, Leo. Leo used to be the Charmed Ones' Whitelighter Piper also has three children: Wyatt and Christopher and a daughter that the sisters (Prue Piper and Pheobe) saw on a trip to the future. Piper has the power to blow things up and to freeze things. Piper's powers are connected with her emotions. When she panics, she has the urge to freeze people and when she gets angry she usually blows things up.
Phoebe Halliwell: Phoebe was the youngest and that will never change noboby can change that. Phoebe was married to a demon. His human name is Cole Turner and his demon name is Belthazor.
She is now married to coop a cupid and has three children. Phoebe has the power to see the past and the future, the ability to levitate, and is able to read others feelings/thoughts.
Paige Mathews: Paige is the half-sister to the Halliwell sisters. She is the youngest of the sisters. She is the daughter of Patricia "Patty" Halliwell (Mother of the Halliwell sisters) and Sam Wilder (Patty's Whitelighter). She came into the series when Prue died. She has Prue's power of telekinesis but with a twist because she is half whitlighter. She has the power to orb things to her. Prue only had to think about something to move it, Paige must reach out to it and call for it, this is known as 'tele-orbing'. She also has the Whitelighter abilities of Orbing and Glamouring (to shapeshift into a different human appearance). She finally receives the power to heal in the middle of season 8.
Their husbands
Leo Wyatt: Piper's husband.
Leo started out on the show as the Charmed Ones' Whitelighter.Then he became and elder Leo died during World War II. Then he was reborn as a whitelighter. He was a medic in the military. After being the Whitelighter for the Charmed Ones for several years, Leo was elevated to the position of Elder. He later joined a group of beings called The Avatars. By the end of the series, he had fallen from grace and was made mortal again. He has killed two Elders and many demons to protect Prue, Piper, Phoebe, Paige, Wyatt and Chris.
Cole Turner: Phoebe's ex-husband also known as the demon Belthazor.
He was half human/half demon. His demon side was strongest until he met and fell in love with Phoebe. As a demon, he could not help hurting the sisters. He asked Phoebe to strip (remove) his powers. After he helped vanquish the Source of All Evil, he became the new Source. In spite of Phoebe's love for Cole, she and her two sisters vanquish him, or so they thought. Cole came back and helped the sisters many times. Cole was eventually vanquished for good. Cole loved Phoebe very much. He would stop at nothing to win her back but he never succeeded.
Coop: Phoebe's husband
Coop is a Cupid. He was sent to Phoebe by the Elders to help her find love. He realizes that he loves her and he wants to be with her. Phoebe does not feel the same way until the series finale.
Henry: Paige's husband.
He is a human. He worked as a parole officer. He is one of the few people who understood Paige's powers—well, not understood but accepted. Their love is very strong.
Demons
Demons are evil creatures with powers that try to kill the Charmed Ones. They do not have souls so therefore can kill innocent people with contious. Most demons work for "The Source" but some hate him. The Source of all Evil is a very powerful demon who rules the Underworld. The Charmed ones have killed The Source three times. There are different ranks of demons and the Charmed ones have faced them all. In some situation demons actually helped the Charmed ones. Demons try to kill the Charmed ones to impress the Source and all of the Underworld.
The Book of Shadows
The Book of Shadows is the Charmed One's magical book. It contains spells, potions and information of various magical creatures such as demons and warlocks. The Book of Shadows has been around since beginning of the family line. The book has its own defensive power. Whenever evil tries to touch the book, it jumps away. Each generation has added to the Book of Shadows making it more and more powerful. For example, in the final episode, each of the sisters adds all that they have learned so that future generations of Halliwell witches can learn from their experiences.
Main cast
Phoebe Halliwell - Alyssa Milano (seasons 1-8)
Piper Halliwell - Holly Marie Combs (seasons 1-8)
Prue Halliwell - Shannen Doherty (seasons 1-3)
Paige Mathews - Rose McGowan (seasons 4-8)
Leo Wyatt - Brian Krause (seasons 1-8)
Darryl Morris - Dorian Gregory (seasons 1-7)
Cole Turner - Julian McMahon (seasons 3-5)
Chris Perry Halliwell - Drew Fuller (season 6)
Billie Jenkins - Kaley Cuoco (season 8)
Dan Gordon - Greg Vaughn (season 2)
Andy Trudeau Ted King in season 1
Other websites
1998 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
1990s American drama television series
2000s American drama television series
Fantasy television series
Telekinesis in fiction
Television series about sisters
Television series set in San Francisco
WB network shows
English-language television programs
The WB original programming |
7388 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train%20%28disambiguation%29 | Train (disambiguation) | Train can mean more than one thing:
A train is a series of cars on a railway, not to compare with the shoo shoo train, a 'train' in this context is simply the series of cabines, with that it goes without mentioning again, metros are not shoo shoo trains, they simply consist of series of cabines but they arent trains. They are metros.
To train is to teach how to do something, or to practice doing something. Not only human beings but also animals can be trained.
Train (band), an American pop rock band. |
7390 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media | Media | Media may refer to:
Media (communication), tools used to store and deliver information or data
Advertising media
Broadcast media
Digital media
Electronic media
Hypermedia
Print media
Published media
Mass media can mean television, radio, newspapers, magazines and the internet
News media, mass media focused on communicating news
Journalists, the people who write for and work in news media
Multimedia, communications that include multiple forms of information
Media (computer), used in computer data storage devices
Media (arts), materials and techniques used by an artist to produce a work
Related pages
Media studies
Multimedia
Medium (disambiguation) |
7394 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falkland%20Islands | Falkland Islands | The Falkland Islands are a group of islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of South America. They are an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. Argentina disputes this, and claims their sovereignty.
The Falklands War was fought over their possession during Margaret Thatcher`s time as British Prime Minister. There are many islands in the group but the two biggest are East Falkland and West Falkland. As of the census of 2016, 3,398 people live on them. The people of the islands are British and speak English. The main income for the people is from fishing and sheep farming.
The Falkland Islands are about 300 miles (480 km) east of Argentina. Argentina and the UK had a short war in 1982 because Argentina claims to own the islands. The war lasted 6 weeks and about 1,000 soldiers were killed. The UK defeated Argentina and after this the governments of the two countries would not negotiate (talk) with each other. In 1990 they began to have talks again, but Argentina later refused to continue talks.
Oil and gas has been found below the sea around the islands. There is also oil and gas outside the sea area that belongs to the UK. This is owned by Argentina.
History
The islands were discovered and occupied by Europeans. They were not inhabited until 1754, when a French captain landed and founded Port Louie. The British landed in 1766 and created a settlement at Port Egmont on Saunders Island. Spain discovered and captured Port Egmont in 1770. War was avoided by Spain giving it back to Britain in 1771.
Later attempts by Spanish forces from the River Plate to seize Falklands were ended in 1833, when British forces took control. In 1840 the Falkland Islands became a Crown Colony of the British nation.
Modern times
The Falklands became a British Dependent Territory in 1981. This followed the British Nationality Act 1981. In 1983 the Falkland Islanders were granted British citizenship. On 18 April 1985 the Falkland Islands Constitution Order 1985 came into force which increased the number of elected members of the Legislative Council to eight. It guaranteed the Falkland Islanders' rights and constitutional arrangements. In 1997 the constitution was amended with regard to voters rights. In 2002 the Falklands became a British Overseas Territory with the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. On 1 January 2009 the current constitution came into force with the Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008. This replaced the 1985 version. It was agreed on by the UK Government and the Falkland Islands Government. The new constitution provided for finance, the public service, the administration of justice, and a Complaints Commissioner.
References
L.L. Ivanov et al.. The Future of the Falkland Islands and Its People. Sofia: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2003. 96 pp. (Capítulo principal en español)
Carlos Escudé y Andrés Cisneros, dir. Historia general de las relaciones exteriores de la República Argentina. Obra desarrollada y publicada bajo los auspicios del Consejo Argentino para las Relaciones Internacionales (CARI). Buenos Aires: GEL/Nuevohacer, 2000. (en castellano)
Graham Pascoe and Peter Pepper. Getting it right: The real history of the Falklands/Malvinas. May 2008.
D.W. Greig, Sovereignty and the Falkland Islands Crisis. Austrialian Year Book of International Law. Vol. 8 (1983). pp. 20–70.
Other websites
The Falkland Islands Constitution Order, 2008 |
7395 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Armstrong | Neil Armstrong | Neil Alden Armstrong (August 5, 1930 – August 25, 2012) was an American astronaut and engineer and is known as the first person to walk on the moon. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon in a small spacecraft that had been sent to the moon using the Saturn V rocket. The mission was called Apollo 11. They both walked on the moon, and millions of people watched and heard this event on live television.
He earned a BSc degree in Aeronautical Engineering from the Purdue University and an MSc degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University of Southern California. In 1970 he received an Honorary Doctorate of Engineering from the Purdue University. In 1971 he became professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Cincinnati. After graduating (1955) from Purdue University, he joined the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, then known as the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, serving as a civilian test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, Lancaster, Calif.
In 2005 he received the Honorary Doctorate of letters from the University of Southern California. The Houston Chronicle newspaper reported on October 1, 2006, that Australian computer programmer Peter Shann Ford found the missing "a" from Armstrong's famous first words on the Moon. Ford reported that he downloaded the audio recording from a NASA web site and analyzed it using editing software originally intended for use with hearing disabled people. Armstrong is said to have been pleased with Ford's finding of the missing "a".
Career
Prior to being an astronaut, Armstrong was called to Pensacola Naval Air Station in Florida in 1949 before he could complete his degree. There he earned his pilots wings at 20 years of age, making him the youngest flyer in his squadron. While studying for his aeronautical engineering degree, the Korean War broke out in 1950, in which he flew 78 combat missions. His plane was shot down once and he was also awarded 3 Air Medals. Later, he became a skilful test pilot, flying right to the atmosphere’s edge, at , in the experimental rocket powered aircraft the X-15.
Armstrong went on his first mission into space on the 16th of March 1966, in the spacecraft Gemini 8, as the command pilot. He docked the Gemini 8 successfully with an Agena target craft that was in orbit already. Although the docking was smooth enough, while the spacecrafts orbited together, they started to roll and pitch. Armstrong then managed to undock the Gemini, and regained control of the spacecraft by using the retro rockets. However, this resulted in the astronauts having to make an emergency landing into the Pacific Ocean. Following the fatal explosion of the space shuttle Challenger in January 1986, Armstrong was appointed deputy chief of the presidential commission set up to investigate the disaster.
Moon Landing
His most famous quote is: "That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind. "
He spoke those words when he set his foot on the moon. He wanted to say "That's one small step for a man…", but for some reason the "a" was never spoken. Armstrong thought he had said it. Listening to the audio shows that the "for" runs on smoothly, giving no time for "a" to be spoken. Armstrong prefers written quotations to include the "a" in parentheses.
Personal Life
Armstrong was married to Janet Shearon from 1956 until they divorced in 1994, they had three children; Mark, Eric, and Karen. Lastly he married Carol Held Knight from 1994 until his death in 2012.
Some years after returning from the Moon, he visited the 2,000 year-old King Herod's Temple Mount in the city of Jerusalem. While he was there, Neil Armstrong said it was more exciting to step on the stone steps where Jesus Christ walked than even stepping on the Moon.
His biography describes him as a deist.
Death
Armstrong died on the morning of August 25, 2012 from complications of a blocked coronary artery after surgery in a hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was 82 years old. In July 2019, The New York Times reported that Armstong died after nurses removed the wires connected to his temporary pacemaker. He began to bleed internally and his blood pressure dropped and the doctors did not perform surgery on time to save him.
References
Other websites
Biography on About.com
1930 births
2012 deaths
American deists
American astronauts
American aviators
Apollo astronauts
Deaths from surgical complications
Deaths from hemorrhage
Scientists from Cincinnati, Ohio
Congressional Gold Medal recipients |
7396 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caretaker | Caretaker | Caretaker can also refer to a caregiver.
A caretaker is someone who has the job of looking after a building. For example, the building could be a school or shop.
Related pages
Cleaner
Occupations |
7397 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Beckett | Samuel Beckett | Samuel Barclay Beckett (; 13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989) was born in Dublin, Ireland. He was a writer of books, plays, and poetry. He also translated other famous works of literature. He was given the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1969.
His most best-known play is Waiting For Godot. It has often been acted on stage and has been on TV.
Beckett was stabbed in Paris in 1938. He died of emphysema in the city in 1989.
Many writers of plays (playwrights) and others think he is one of the most important writers of the 20th century. There have been many books written about him.
His books are often about people going through hard times, and seeing life as both sad, dark but also funny.
References
1906 births
1989 deaths
Crime victims
Deaths from emphysema
Disease-related deaths in France
Irish novelists
Irish poets
Irish theatre directors
Irish playwrights
Writers from Dublin
Irish Nobel Prize winners |
7398 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism | Vegetarianism | Vegetarianism is the practice of not eating meat or fish. People who follow vegetarianism are called vegetarians. Vegetarians eat foods like vegetables, fruit, nuts, beans and grains. Some vegetarians eat or drink animal products, like milk and eggs. They are called lacto-ovo vegetarians. Vegetarian people may like tofu, falafel and other meat substitutes.
There are many reasons for not eating meat. Vegetarians are healthier than other people in some ways. Some people think that it is wrong to kill animals; others think that eating meat is bad for their health or the world. This is because land used for animals can be used to grow food. Some people may become vegetarians because their religion says not to eat animals.
Vegetarians who do not drink milk and eat eggs are called vegans. Vegans also often will not use animal products like leather, but many vegetarians do use animal products.
Some people who call themselves vegetarians and eat fish or sea food are not vegetarians, because fish and sea creatures are also animals. Such people are sometimes called pescetarians. There are also many people who are not vegetarians, but do not eat too much animal food. Some eat only very little meat (so-called "flexitarians" or "semi-vegetarians"), some eat only fowl ("pollotarians"). There is also a philosophy called freeganism, it means eating animal products only if otherwise they will be thrown away to waste - such as food thrown away by restaurants.
Types of vegetarian diet
Reasons
There are several reasons why people choose to be vegetarians. It has many proven benefits on human health. Some think it is wrong or cruel to eat animals, since animals are killed and often feel pain. Other people may feel disgusted by meat or do not like the taste. A fourth reason is the effect on the environment. Producing meat (especially beef) uses more of the earth's land and water than eating food from plants. People may have more than one different reason for being a vegetarian.
Health
A vegetarian diet or a diet very low in meat has proven good effects on human health. It takes work to put together a healthy vegetarian diet that has everything the human body needs. When people decide to become vegetarian, they usually think carefully about what they eat and choose healthy food. They also go to the trouble of finding fresh food more often. Vegetarians eat lots of antioxidants and natural fiber. Scientists say vegetarians are less likely to have heart disease, some kinds of cancer, obesity and diabetes.
Religious and spiritual
Most vegetarians in the world are Hindu. Hinduism and Jainism in general teach vegetarianism, while Buddhism may or may not. Without any specific religion, some people in the Western world also follow a vegetarian diet because it may deepen inner spiritual connections (for example, James Redfield). Mahatma Gandhi said that spiritual experiences are greatly enhanced on a vegetarian diet.
Hinduism
Hindus teach vegetarianism as a way to live with a minimum of hurt to other beings. In today’s world, about twenty percent of all Hindus are vegetarians. There are approximately 200 million vegetarians in India, which has more people that do not eat meat than any other country. More vegetarians live in the South of India than in the North, possibly because the North is colder. For yoga and meditation, it is wise to be vegetarian.
The Hindu who believes in non-injury or nonviolence (ahimsa) naturally adopts a vegetarian diet. It is a matter of conscience more than anything else. The Vedic and Puranic scriptures of Hinduism explain that animals have souls and the act of killing animals brings bad karma because the killer will suffer the pain of the animal he has killed in this life or the next. Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami adds that when we eat meat, fish, fowl and eggs, we absorb the vibration of the creatures into our nerves. This promotes fear, anger, jealousy, confusion, resentment and the like. The Manu Dharma Shastras state, “When the diet is pure, the mind and heart are pure.” Generally there is the belief, based on scriptures such as Bhagavad Gita, that one's food shapes the personality, mood and mind.
References
Other websites
Official Vegetarian Society website
HappyCow's Vegetarian Guide
Vegetarian facts
GoVeg
Diets |
7399 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/British | British | A British person or object comes from the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales) and Northern Ireland. It is sometimes used by the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands (near France). It can also be used for some overseas places like Gibraltar (near Spain) or the Falkland Islands (near South America).
The term "British" is often used to describe something unique to the UK, for example British people, 'the British way of life' or 'the British weather'.
A British person can also be called a Briton. A unique symbol of the "British" is the Union Jack flag which is recognised globally as a symbol of the United Kingdom. The flag is made up of a combination of the flags of the countries that are part of the United Kingdom.
The British Isles are Great Britain, Ireland, and some smaller islands. The British Isles include the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.
Although being British is a collective identity, the countries of England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales have separate identities and flags which make them unique.
References
United Kingdom |
7402 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic%20Park%3A%20Operation%20Genesis | Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis | Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis is a video game for the PC and PlayStation 2. The goal of the game is to create a theme park and keep the park guests safe. The player can choose the island they build on and what dinosaurs to place in their park. They can choose up to 25 dinosaurs to add to the park. After the park is created, they can play 12 missions. After winning all missions, a game option called Site B is unlocked. With Site B, the player can create an island without any fences or people, just like the 3rd Jurassic Park movie.
2003 video games
Jurassic Park
PlayStation 2 games
Xbox games |
7404 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think%20Quest | Think Quest | ThinkQuest was an educational website. It was used by students of schools in the United States and other countries. It was run by the Oracle Education Foundation.
As of July 1, 2013, ThinkQuest was discontinued.
References
Other websites
ThinkQuest library archive
Websites |
7405 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Gilliam | Terry Gilliam | Terry Gilliam (born November 22, 1940) is an American-British cartoonist and filmmaker. He was born in Minnesota and grew up in California, but he now lives in England and is a British citizen.
He was a member of the British comedy team Monty Python. He designed animated sequences and acted in both their TV show and movies. He also directed the movies Jabberwocky (1976), Time Bandits (1981), Brazil (1985), Baron Münchhausen (1989), Fisher King (1991), 12 Monkeys (1996), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), and The Brothers Grimm (2005).
Filmography
Feature
Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) (co-directed with Terry Jones)
Jabberwocky (1977)
Time Bandits (1981)
Brazil (1985)
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988)
The Fisher King (1991)
12 Monkeys (1995)
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998)
The Brothers Grimm (2005)
Tideland (2005)
The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009)
Upcoming movies:
The Man Who Killed Don Quixote (in pre-production)
Shorts
Storytime (1968) (animated short)
Miracle of Flight (1974) (animated short)
The Crimson Permanent Assurance (1983) (a short supporting feature that went with Monty Python's The Meaning of Life)
The Legend of Hallowdega (2010)
The Wholly Family (2011)
Advertisements
MTV "Boogeyman" (1987)
Secret Tournament (2002)
The Rematch (2002)
Awards, nominations and honours
Brazil (1985)
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Best Film, Director, and Screenplay
1 Academy Awards nominations Best Original Screenplay
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988)
3 BAFTA Awards Best Costume Design, Best Make Up Artist, Best Production Design
3 Silver Ribbons awarded by the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Best Cinematography, Best Costume Design, Best Production Design
4 Academy Awards nominations Best Set Decoration, Best Costume Design, Best Visual Effects, Best Makeup
4 Saturn Awards nominations Best Costumes, Best Fantasy Film, Best Make-Up, Best Special Effects
Hugo Award nomination for Best Dramatic Presentation
The Fisher King (1991)
Academy Award Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Mercedes Ruehl)
4 Academy Awards nominations Best Actor in a Leading Role (Robin Williams), Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Best Music, Original Score, Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen
Venice Film Festival Silver Lion Winner
Toronto Film Festival People's Choice Award Winner
Twelve Monkeys (1995)
2 Academy Awards nominations Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Brad Pitt), Best Costume Design
Berlin Film Festival Reader Jury of the "Berliner Morgenpost" – 3rd Place
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998)
Cannes Film Festival Official Selection
The Brothers Grimm (2005)
Venice Film Festival Official Selection
Tideland (2005)
San Sebastian Festival Winner of the FIPRESCI Prize
The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009)
2 Academy Awards nominations Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction
2 BAFTA Awards nominations Best Production Design, Best Make Up & Hair
Best Fantasy Film nomination by the Costume Designers Guild of America
British Independent Film Awards nomination for Best Achievement in Production
International Press Academy Satellite Award Best Costume Design, 3 more nominations for Best Visual Effects, Best Art Direction & Production Design, Best Original Song
Voted Best Fantasy Film of the Year by readers of the Total Sci-Fi Online magazine.
An asteroid, 9619 Terrygilliam, is named in his honor.
Gilliam was given the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award in 2009 for his contribution to motion picture arts.
Awarded the Fellowship of the Kermodes, by film critic Mark Kermode.
Director with Unique Visual Sensitivity Award at the Camerimage film festival in Łódź, Poland in 2009.
References
1940 births
Living people
Actors from Minnesota
American cartoonists
American movie directors
British movie directors
Monty Python
Writers from Minnesota |
7407 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Cleese | John Cleese | John Marwood Cleese (born 27 October 1939) is an English actor, and writer. He was born in Weston-super-Mare, England. He graduated from Downing College, Cambridge. Cleese has a degree in law. He was a member of the comedy team, Monty Python. He starred in the television sitcom, Fawlty Towers that he co-wrote with his first wife, Connie Booth, who played the role of Polly Sherman on the show. He plays the role of Q in some of the James Bond movies.
References
Other websites
1939 births
Living people
Actors from Somerset
Actors who played Q
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
BAFTA Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
English comedians
English movie actors
English movie producers
English radio actors
English screenwriters
English stage actors
English television actors
English television personalities
English television producers
English television writers
English voice actors
Monty Python
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Somerset |
7408 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Conan%20Doyle | Arthur Conan Doyle | Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British doctor and author. He is well known because he wrote short stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes. He also wrote science fiction and historical stories.
He became an agnostic by the time he left school. He studied medicine at Edinburgh University from 1876 to 1881. He wrote short stories in his spare time. In 1882, he started working as a doctor in Southsea. He carried on writing short stories while he waited for patients. His first Sherlock Holmes story that was published was A Study in Scarlet.
Doyle's great gifts as a writer were story-telling and character. He created really memorable characters. Holmes' gift for deduction has been copied many times in fiction. The character was probably based on a doctor called Joseph Bell. Holmes himself and Watson were balanced by the evil genius Moriarty, one of the great villains in fiction.
After A Study in Scarlet came The Sign of the Four, The Valley of Fear and The Hound of the Baskervilles. The other Holmes stories were published in the Strand Magazine. They were later collected together in five volumes, starting with The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.
Conan Doyle also wrote The Lost World, published in 1912. In it, Professor Challenger and his companions travel to find a large plateau in South America where dinosaurs still live.
Doyle's wife Louisa died in 1906. After the death of his son Kingsley just before the end of the First World War, and the deaths of his brother Innes, his two brothers-in-law and his two nephews shortly after the war, Doyle sank into depression. He found solace supporting spiritualism and its attempts to find proof of existence beyond the grave. He was a member of the renowned supernatural organisation The Ghost Club.
References
Other websites
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Literary Estate
The Chronicles of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
1859 births
1930 deaths
Scottish writers
Knights of Grace of the Order of St John
Former Roman Catholics |
7410 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslims | Muslims | Muslims are people who have professed belief in Islam. As believers, they worship the One God and revere Prophet Muhammad as the last messenger of God. Additionally, they also believe in all the prophets which preceded Prophet Muhammad and the holy books which they brought, such as the Psalms, Torah, and the Gospel. A fundamental article of faith in Islam is belief in the Day of Judgement, when all humanity will be recompensed for their deeds in this world. Muslims believe in angels, as well as in predestination. Muslim Men are cirucmcised.
Muslims around the World
After Prophet Muhammad, the very first Muslims were people from his own circle of family and friends as well as the poor and needy in Mecca more than 1400 years ago. During the life of Muhammad, this small band of followers grew by tens of thousands. As centuries passed, Muslims have only grown in number. Today, Muslims account for about one quarter of the entire world population.
There are between 1.2 and 1.6 billion Muslims across the world. Most of the Muslims are concentrated in Muslim-majority countries, such as Azerbaijan and Albania in Europe, Mali and Tunisia in Africa, Saudi Arabia and Jordan in the Middle East, Pakistan and Bangladesh in southeast Asia, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan in central Asia, and Indonesia and Malaysia in Asia Pacific. At the same time, a growing Muslim diaspora has taken root in many areas as well, such as China, Australia, Europe, America and Canada, Latin America, and parts of western, central, and southern Africa. It is estimated that there are around 7 million Muslims in the United States.
The common belief that most Muslims are Arabs is a misconception. In fact, the majority of Muslims in the world are non-Arabs.
Islam and Muslims
As in other religious bodies, there are practicing and non-practicing Muslims, liberal and conservative Muslims, tolerant and extremist Muslims. However, their individual actions should not be used to scrutinize or label Islam.
In fact, it must be mentioned here that the media stereotype of Muslims is far from reality. The vast majority of the Muslims in the world are indeed peace-loving human beings with many of them striving hard to live up to the great ideals of Islam.
Reference
Other websites
Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner – The Islamic Supreme Council of America.
Muhammad and the First Muslim Ummah – University of Chicago
Islamophobia Today Newspaper – An Islamophobia news clearing house
Sammy Aziz Rahmatti, Understanding and Countering Islamophobia
WikiSaurus:Muslim
Quranic words and phrases
Religious identity |
7411 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Charles | Ray Charles | Ray Charles (born Ray Charles Robinson) (September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004) was an American musician.
Charles was born in Albany, Georgia and was raised in Greenville, Florida. When he was six he started going blind and was completely blind by age 7. He played jazz, soul, and R&B music. Charles never knew exactly why he lost his sight, though there are sources which suggest his blindness was due to glaucoma. He attended school at the St. Augustine School for the Deaf and the Blind in St. Augustine, Florida. He also learned how to write music and play various musical instruments. While he was there, his father died, and his mother died five years later. Charles died in 2004 from liver failure.
Singles
"Roll with Me Baby" (1952)
"The Sun's Gonna Shine Again" (1953)
"Feelin' Sad" (1953)
"It Should've Been Me" (1954)
"Don't You Know" (1954)
"I've Got a Woman" (1954)
"Come Back" (1954)
"This Little Girl of Mine" (1955)
"A Fool for You" (1955)
"Blackjack (song)" (1955)
"Greenbacks" (1955)
"Drown in My Own Tears" (1956)
"Mary Ann" (1956)
"Hallelujah I Love Her So" (1956)
"What Would I Do Without You" (1956)
"Lonely Avenue" (1956)
"Ain't That Love" (1957)
"It's All Right" (1957)
"Swanee River Rock" (1957)
"Talkin' 'bout You" (1958)
"Yes Indeed" (1958)
"My Bonnie" (1958)
"Rockhouse" (Part 2) (1958)
"Night Time Is the Right Time" (1959)
"That's Enough" (1959)
"What'd I Say (Part 1)" (1959)
"I'm Movin' On" (1959)
"Let the Good Times Roll" (1960)
"Don't Let the Sun Catch You Cryin'" (1960)
"Just for a Thrill" (1960)
"Tell the Truth" (1960)
"Come Rain or Come Shine" (1960)
"Doodlin' (Part 1)" (1960)
"My Baby! (I Love Her, Yes I Do)" (1960)
"Sticks and Stones" (1960)
"Georgia on My Mind" (1960)
"Ruby (song)" (1960)
"Hardhearted Hannah" (1960)
"Them That Got" (1960)
"Early in the Mornin'" (1961)
"Am I Blue" (1961)
"Hard Times (No One Knows Better Than I)" (1961)
"One Mint Julep" (1961)
"I've Got News for You" (1961)
"I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town" (1961)
"Hit the Road Jack" (1961)
"Unchain My Heart" (1961)
"But on the Other Hand Baby" (1961)
"Baby, It's Cold Outside" (1962)
"Hide Nor Hair" (1962)
"At the Club" (1962)
"I Can't Stop Loving You" (1962)
"Born to Lose" (1962)
"You Don't Know Me" (1962)
"Careless Love" (1962)
"You Are My Sunshine" (1962)
"Your Cheatin' Heart" (1962)
"Feelin' Sad" (1963)
"Don't Set Me Free" (1963)
"The Brightest Smile in Town" (1963)
"Take These Chains from My Heart" (1963)
"No Letter Today" (1963)
"No One" (1963)
"Without Love (There Is Nothing)" (1963)
"Busted (song)" (1963)
"Making Believe" (1963)
"Talkin' 'bout You" (1964)
"That Lucky Old Sun" (1964)
"My Heart Cries for You" (1964)
"Baby, Don't You Cry" (1964)
"My Baby Don't Dig Me" (1964)
"A Tear Fell" (1964)
"No One to Cry To" (1964)
"Smack Dab in the Middle" (1964)
Since 1965
"Makin' Whoopee" (1965)
"Cry (song)" (1965)
"Teardrops from My Eyes" (1965)
"I Gotta Woman" (Part One)(1965)
"Without a Song" (Part 1)(1965)
"I'm a Fool to Care" (1965)
"The Cincinnati Kid (song)" (1965)
"Crying Time" (1966)
"Together Again" (1966)
"You're Just About to Lose Your Clown" (1966)
"Let's Go Get Stoned" (1966)
"I Chose to Sing the Blues" (1966)
"Please Say You're Fooling" (1966)
"I Don't Need No Doctor" (1966)
"I Want to Talk About You" (1967)
"Something Inside Me" (1967)
"Here We Go Again" (1967)
"Somebody Ought to Write a Book About It" (1967)
"In the Heat of the Night" (1967)
"Yesterday" (1967)
"Come Rain or Come Shine" (Published again)(1968)
"That's a Lie" (1968)
"Eleanor Rigby" (1968)
"Understanding" (1968)
"Sweet Young Thing Like You" (1968)
"Listen, They're Playing My Song" (1968)
"If It Wasn't for Bad Luck" (1969)
"When I Stop Dreaming" (1969)
"I Didn't Know What Time It Was" (1969)
"Let Me Love You" (1969)
"We Can Make It" (1969)
"Claudie Mae" (1970)
"Laughin and Clownin" (1970)
"If You Were Mine" (1970)
"Don't Change on Me" (1971)
"Sweet Memories" (1971)
"Booty Butt" (1971)
"Feel So Bad" (1971)
"What Am I Living For" (1972)
"Look What They've Done to My Song, Ma" (1972)
"Hey Mister" (1972)
"I Can Make It Thru the Days (But Oh Those Lonely Nights)" (1973)
"Come Live with Me" (1973)
"Louise" (1974)
"Living for the City" (1975)
"America the Beautiful" (1976)
"I Can See Clearly Now" (1977)
"Game Number Nine" (1978)
"Ridin' Thumb" (1978)
"Some Enchanted Evening (song)" (1979)
"Just Because" (1979)
"Compared to What" (1980)
Other websites
Ray Charles official website
Hear Ray Charles on the Pop Chronicles
References
1930 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from hepatitis
Deaths from liver failure
Actors from Florida
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
African American actors
African American musicians
American jazz musicians
American movie actors
American R&B singers
American R&B musicians
American singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
American television actors
Kennedy Center honorees
Musicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Musicians from Florida
Singers from Florida
Singers from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Albany, Georgia
Atlantic Records artists
Warner Bros. Records artists
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S state) |
7413 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalisco | Jalisco | Jalisco is a state of Mexico. The capital of Jalisco is Guadalajara. It is next to the Pacific Ocean and the states of Nayarit, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato, and Michoacán. It also has half of the Chapala Lake.
States of Mexico |
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