id
stringlengths 1
6
| url
stringlengths 35
214
| title
stringlengths 1
118
| text
stringlengths 1
237k
|
|---|---|---|---|
7414 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrari | Ferrari | Ferrari S.p.A. is an Italian automobile company that makes fast luxurious automobile. They are made in Italy and are very expensive. They usually cost $150,000 - $1,500,000.
Ferraris first car was the Ferrari 125 S
Ferrari has a rich racing history and is a well known premium automobile brand. The fastest street Ferrari is the F50 GT1, which can go over 370 kph (about 222Β mph).
The most powerful Ferrari is the FXX, which has about 800 horsepower. The FXX is a lighter, improved version of the F60 Enzo; it is Ferrari's most exclusive model. It is basically a race car that you can buy from Ferrari. The automobile is so extreme (completely flat tires, low ride height, and no roadcar safety features such as Airbags) that it cannot be driven on roads legally. Ferrari will keep it for you at their Factory in Maranello in Italy. You can go to Italy and drive it on their private race track, or have it transported to another race track around the world, the same as if you were driving for a racing team. Thirty have been built and all but two were sold to customers for $2,500,000 each. Ferrari gave one to seven-time Formula 1 World Champion Michael Schumacer, who had driven for Ferrari for ten years when he retired in 2006, having brought Ferrari much success. Ferrari made his FXX different by painting it black. The other twenty-nine are either red or white, with stripes painted in the other colour.
Other websites
Official website
Italian automobile companies |
7415 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat | Fiat | Fiat (UK: /ΛfiΛΙt, -Γ¦t/, US: /-ΙΛt/, Italian: [ΛfiΛat]; originally FIAT, Italian: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino, lit.β'Italian Automobiles Factory, Turin') is a car company in Italy. It was founded in Turin in 1899. It also made some planes between 1920s and 1970s. Some of their cars by year: Fiat is currently owned by Stellantis.
History
On 11 July 1899, Gianni Agnelli was part of the group of founding members of FIAT, Fabbrica Italiana di Automobili Torino. The first Fiat plant opened in 1900 with 35 staff making 24 cars. Known from the beginning for the talent and creativity of its engineering staff, by 1903 Fiat made a small profit and produced 135 cars; this grew to 1,149 cars by 1906. The company then went public selling shares via the Milan stock exchange.
Cars
Models by year
Years 1950s - 1980s
124
125
126
127
128
130
131
132
133
500
600
850
1100
1300
1400
1800
Dino
Multipla
Ritmo
X1/9
Years 1980s - 2000
Argenta
Barchetta
Fiat Bravo/Brava
Cinquecento
CoupΓ©
Croma
Duna
Marea
Panda
Punto
Regata
Tempra
Tipo
Uno
Now
Albea
Bravo (Nuova) (new)
Croma (Nuova) (new)
Fiorino
Punto
Grande Punto
Idea
Multipla
Palio
Panda (Nuova) (new)
Scudo
Sedici
Seicento
Siena
Stilo
Ulysse
500 (Nuova) (new)
500 (Pop) - 500 1.2 Pop, 500 Twinair Pop
DoblΓ²
Aircraft
From 1920 to 1945
Fiat CR.42 Falco.
Fiat G.50.
From 1945 to 2000
Fiat G.91.
References
1899 establishments in Europe
Italian automobile companies
Turin
1890s establishments in Italy |
7416 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daihatsu | Daihatsu | The Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd. makes small cars and trucks. The company is part of the same manufacturing group that includes FAW Group Motor Ltd. The company was set up in 1907. Examples of their cars are the Daihatsu Charade, the Rocky Four Wheel Drive SUV and the Daihatsu Copen. Daihatsu cars and trucks are notable for their rugged construction and high level of finish. After a brief, unsuccessful attempt at the U.S. market toward the end of the 20th century, the company withdrew from the U.S. in 1999. The Subaru Sambar is also made by this company.
Toyota
1907 establishments in Asia
1900s establishments in Japan |
7418 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbon | Hydrocarbon | A hydrocarbon is a type of chemical compound. It is made of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
They can be found in crude oil and are separated by fractional distillation (which means they are separated into different groups). The hydrogen and carbon are bonded with non-polar covalent bonds. Because of its lack of polar covalent bonds, hydrocarbons cannot create hydrogen bonds with water and are hydrophobic.
Hydrocarbon "families"
Hydrocarbons are grouped into "families" or "homologous series". There are five main families. The hydrocarbons in each family have a general formula and similar chemical properties, and similar trends in physical properties. This system was approved in 1892 by the International Congress of Chemists, meeting in Geneva.
Alkanes
Alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbons. Their general formula is CnH2n+2.
Alkenes
Alkenes are similar to alkanes. The main difference between them is that alkenes have a carbon to carbon double bond. The general formula for the alkenes is CnH2n.
Note that there is no "Methene". Methene is not possible as alkenes require a carbon-carbon double bond and methane only has one carbon atom.
Alkynes
Alkynes have a carbon to carbon triple bond. CnH2n-2 is their general formula.
"Methyne" does not exist because of methane's one carbon atom.
Cycloalkanes
Cycloalkanes are isomers of alkenes. They have the same general formula (CnH2n), the only difference is that they do not have a carbon to carbon double bond.
Note that the alkene Ethene does not have a cycloalkane as it can only form a straight line.
Alkadiene
Alkadienes have two carbon to carbon double bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n-2. They are isomers of Alkynes.
In a similar manner, there can also exist alkatriene (three carbon to carbon bonds) and other forms. The versatile nature of Carbon's chemistry allows for a nearly infinite number of configurations and compounds.
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Aromatic hydrocarbons are aromatic organic molecules that form flat ring-shaped bonds. The most simplest of aromatic hydrocarbons are benzene and indole. They can have one ring, heterocyclic, like benzene or 2 rings, bicyclic like napthalene (primary ingredient in mothballs) or many rings, polycyclic like anthracene (red dye colourant).
Their general formula is CnH2n-6, where n is a number greater than or equal to 6. |
7420 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai | Shanghai | Shanghai (, ; Mandarin pronunciation: ) is the biggest city in China and one of the world's largest cities. It had about 24,000,000 people in 2017. It is a special province-level city in China ("municipality"), like Beijing, Tianjin, and Chongqing. Right now, it is the biggest port in the world.
Name
The Mandarin Chinese name of Shanghai is ShΓ nghΗi, which is written as in Chinese characters. This name means "On-the-Sea" because Shanghai used to be next to the East China Sea. Today, dirt from the Yangtze River has made Pudong much bigger and downtown Shanghai is about from the open sea. The city has become so big, though, that its government now controls other areas like Pudong and Fengxian that are still beside the sea.
Shanghai's name is a little simpler than most other Chinese cities' names, because it was a small fishing village for a long time. The short way to say its name in Chinese is still HΓΉ (). A hu was an old kind of fishing trap that was made with bamboo and nets. The people around Shanghai used to use them to catch fish and crabs in Suzhou Creek and other waterways.
Geography
Shanghai is at the mouth of the Yangtze River, where it meets the East China Sea in the middle of China's east coast. Downtown Shanghai is located just south of the place where Suzhou Creek meets the Huangpu River. This is about southwest of where the Huangpu meets the Yangtze River. The area between downtown and the Yangtze used to be farmland and other cities like Wusong and Baoshan, but now Shanghai is so big that they are part of it.
History
For most of China's history, Shanghai was a small fishing village. The big cities nearby were Suzhou and Hangzhou. Under the Ming and Qing, Shanghai had a big city wall and started to grow.
Under the Ming and the Qing, people from other countries could only buy and sell things with China on an island near Guangzhou. The British began selling Indian drugs to pay for all the tea and other things they were buying from China. In the 1840s, China tried to stop them and the British started a war. To keep them from hurting Nanjing, the Chinese agreed to let them keep selling drugs. They also let the British start buying and selling things at four other cities, including Shanghai. Soon, parts of Shanghai were controlled by the UK, the US, and France. This control was ended by the Japanese during World War II.
The Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai.
Landmarks
Shanghai attracts many tourists each year. Its landmarks include:
Amusement parks
Shanghai Disneyland Park, Happy Valley, Jinjiang Amusement Park
Culture venues
Shanghai Library, Shanghai Grand Theater, Tianzifang arts, crafts, and folklore
Gardens
Guyi Garden, Yu Garden
Museums
Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, China Art Museum, Shanghai Natural Museum,
Nature
Sheshan, Shanghai Ocean Aquarium, Shanghai Wildlife Park
Sightseeing locations
Nanjing Road, People's Square, Wan State Building Expo Group, the Bund, Zhujiajiao, Old City of Shanghai
Temples
City God Temple of Shanghai, Confucian Temple of Shanghai, Jing'an Temple, Jade Buddha Temple, Longhua Temple
Towers
Shanghai World Financial Center, Oriental Pearl Tower, Shanghai Tower, Jinmao Tower
Business
Shanghai is home to the China Stock Exchange, along with Shenzhen, and is the financial center of China.
Sister Cities
Dunedin, New Zealand
Related pages
Shanghainese food
Notes
References
Other websites
Official website |
7422 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter%20S.%20Thompson | Hunter S. Thompson | Hunter Stockton Thompson (July 18, 1937 β February 20, 2005) was an American writer.
He was known for a unique style of writing which he called Gonzo journalism, where the writer writes about himself trying to write about what was happening around him.
He was born and raised in Louisville, Kentucky and spent most of his adult life on his ranch in Colorado. He committed suicide in Woody Creek, Colorado by shooting himself in the head. His main topic was the health of the American Dream.
Works
His books include:
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas
The Rum Diary
Hell's Angels
The Great Shark Hunt
The Kingdom of Fear
The Curse of Lono
References
Other websites
1937 births
2005 deaths
American journalists
American novelists
Suicides by firearm in the United States
Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
Writers who committed suicide |
7423 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Depp | Johnny Depp | John Christopher "Johnny" Depp Jr. (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, musician, philanthropist and producer.
Early life
Depp is the son of an engineer and a waiter. He is of Belgian (Flemish), Dutch, English, French, German, Irish, Northern Irish (Scotch-Irish), Scottish and Welsh descent. He grew up with his brother Danny and his sisters Debbie and Christie spent a lot of time with his grandfather. His family went to Florida and in the next years, they had to change homes often. Johnny became worse at school and had his first experiences with drugs at the age of 12. He was thrown out of school for smoking pot in the back of the school and started to make music in a band called The Flame, and later on The Kids.
Acting career
His first movie was Nightmare on Elm Street in 1984, which was a success. Afterwards, he decided to go to an acting school in Los Angeles. He got a small part in the movie Platoon and shortly after this, he was offered a part in the television series 21 Jump Street.
Personal life
His ex-wife is Lori Allison. He was engaged to Sherilyn Fenn in the late 1980s. He had a four-year relationship with Winona Ryder in the mid-1990s. He has a daughter, Lily-Rose Depp (born 1999) and a son John (Jack) Christopher III (born 2002) by his former partner, French singer Vanessa Paradis. He began a relationship with Amber Heard in 2012. The couple married in February 2015. They divorced in May 2016.
Depp lives in Los Angeles. Depp has bought an island.
Throughout his life, Depp has had many jobs. He has owned a nightclub, called 'The Viper Room'.
Movies
Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)
Private Resort (1985)
Slow Burn (1986)
Platoon (1986)
Cry-Baby (1990)
Edward Scissorhands (1990)
Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare (1991)
Benny and Joon (1993)
What's Eating Gilbert Grape? (1993)
Arizona Dream (1993)
Ed Wood (1994)
Don Juan De Marco (1995)
Dead Man (1995)
Donnie Brasco (1997)
The Brave (1997)
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998)
The Ninth Gate (1999)
Sleepy Hollow (1999)
The Astronaut's Wife (1999)
Chocolat (2000)
Before Night Falls (2000)
Blow (2001)
The Man Who Cried (2001)
From Hell (2001)
Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003)
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)
Happily Ever After (2004)
Secret Window (2004)
Finding Neverland (2004)
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005)
The Corpse Bride (Voice, 2005)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007)
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007)
Public Enemies (2009)
The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009)
Alice in Wonderland (2010)
The Tourist (2010)
The Rum Diary (2011)
Rango (2011)
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011)
21 Jump Street (2012)
Dark Shadows (2012)
The Lone Ranger (2013)
Lucky Them (2013)
Transcendence (2014)
Tusk (2014)
Into the Woods (2014)
Mortdecai (2015)
Black Mass (2015)
Yoga Hosers (2015)
London Fields (2015)
Black Mass (2015)
Allice Through the Looking Glass (2016)
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017)
Murder on the Orient Express (2018)
Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald (2018)
The Professor (2019)
Waiting for the Barbarians (2020)
Crock of Gold (2020)
Minamata (2021)
Untitled Fantastic Beasts third film (2022)
Untitled Pirates of the Caribbean sixth film (TBA)
Addams Family (TBA)
Television
21 Jump Streets (1-1)
Family Guy - cameo
Puffin (upcoming)
References
Other websites
1963 births
Living people
Actors from Kentucky
Actors from Florida
American movie actors
American movie directors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Musicians from Kentucky
People from Owensboro, Kentucky
Screen Actors Guild Award winners |
7424 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle%20John%27s%20Bathroom%20Reader | Uncle John's Bathroom Reader | Uncle John's Bathroom Readers is the name of a series of books aimed at people who like to read while using the restroom. The books are full of trivia.
The books were first published in 1988.
Books
Uncle John's Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Second Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Third Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Fourth Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Fifth Bathroom Reader (Forms - along with 6 and 7 - Uncle John's Legendary Lost Bathrom Reader)
Uncle John's Sixth Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Seventh Bathroom Reader
The Best of Uncle John's Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Ultimate Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Giant 10th Anniversary Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Great Big Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Absolutely Absorbing Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's All-Purpose Extra-Strength Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Supremely Satisying Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Ahh-Inspiring Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Unstoppable Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Slightly Irregular Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Fast-Acting Long-Lasting Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Curiously Compelling Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Triumphant 20th Anniversary Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Unsinkable Bathroom Reader
Uncle John's Endlessly Engrossing Bathroom Reader
Kid's Bathroom Readers
Uncle John's Bathroom Reader for Kids Only
Uncle John's Electrifying Bathroom Reader for Kids Only
Uncle John's Top Secret Bathroom Reader for Kids Only
Other books
There are several other books in the series, aside from the "Classics" and the "For Kids Only." Over 3 million of the books have been sold in total.
Common columns
"Court Transquips"
"Famous for 15 Minutes"
"Strange Lawsuits"
"Urban Legends"
Series of books
Non-fiction books |
7426 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia | Catalonia | Catalonia (; ; ) is a Spanish autonomous community. It is south of the eastern Pyrenees, and has a northern border with France. Catalonia is made up of four provinces: Barcelona, Tarragona, Girona () and Lleida (). It has a population of over 7 million people. Catalonia has three official languages: Catalan, Spanish and Occitan. The last is spoken in a small region of northern Catalonia that borders France and is known in Occitan as Val d'Aran.
The capital of Catalonia is the Barcelona, the home of the Olympic Games in 1992. and is on the Mediterranean Coast. Between Costa del Garraf and Costa del Maresme, Barcelona very popular in summer for tourists, foreign or national.
The Catalan people have autonomy within Spain and so they have their own local government and their own police and some control over their own community. In September 2005, the Catalan Parliament decided to call Catalonia a 'nation' in the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, which was approved in 2006. According to the Spanish Constitution, Spain is a group of historical nationalities and regions, but that declaration has no judicial status since it appears in only the preamble to the constitution.
Catalonia is one of Southern Europe's most prosperous regions, mostly because industrialization, especially in the textile industry, began in it earlier and took place faster than in other Spanish territories. The region is also greener than Southern Spain as it gets more rain, and it has different kinds of crops agrown. Catalonia, especially the northern part, is much less hot than the rest of Spain.
On 27 October 2017, Catalonia declared independence from Spain after a vote in Parliament, but that has not been recognised by the international community.
References
Notes |
7427 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20engineering | Civil engineering | Civil engineering is the term for the work of designing and building infrastructure. It usually means large structures, like bridges, dams, buildings, and tunnels. It also covers complicated networks such as water, irrigation and sewerage networks. It also covers the construction of houses and homes. Civil engineers can be involved in all stages in the life of infrastructure, from planning and construction to maintenance and demolition. Civil engineering often overlaps with architecture.
Civil engineering has many different areas or disciplines. Some important areas are geotechnical, structures, environmental, construction management, hydrology, transportation, and materials. It is important for civil engineers to have an understanding of all these disciplines as projects often involve many of them at the same time.
Civil engineers are responsible for lots of the things that are required for a society to function properly. Safe water supplies, sewage treatment, roads, railways and buildings are all part of civil engineering.
To work in civil engineering requires training. Construction workers will train at a center and 'on the job' (training while doing the job), sometimes with apprenticeship.
To be a professional in civil engineering requires study at a university or college. Civil engineers often study subjects like structures, materials, physics and calculus.
The profession of civil engineering is represented by professional bodies in various countries. In the UK the Institution of Civil Engineers promotes civil engineering as a discipline and supports engineers throughout their careers. The American Society of Civil Engineers performs a similar task in the USA.
Professional engineers often choose to become Chartered Engineers. Chartership shows employers and clients that they are both qualified and experienced in their jobs. Civil engineers usually have to write a big essay and take an interview with a panel of experienced engineers to gain chartership.
Related pages
Geotechnical engineering
Military engineering
National Academy of Engineering
Structural engineering
Other websites
List of Civil Engineering Words
References
Technology by type
construction
Civil engineering |
7428 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison | Comparison | A comparison is an evaluation of similarities and differences.
Comparison (computer programming)
Comparison (grammar)
Comparative
Three degrees of comparison
Basic English 850 words |
7429 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Gate%20Bridge | Golden Gate Bridge | The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge that crosses over the San Francisco Bay, going from San Francisco to Marin County, in the U.S. state of California. It was opened for use in 1937. When the bridge was finished, its length of 9,266 ft (2824 m) made it the longest bridge in the world until 1964. It carries U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1. There is also a footpath for people and bicycles.
History
Before the bridge, the only way to go north from San Francisco to Marin County was by ferryboat. The trip by ferry took 20 minutes to complete. Before the bridge was built, San Francisco was the biggest American city still served mostly by ferries. Some experts did not think that people could build a bridge because the water currents between Marin and San Francisco were very strong. Also, the water was very deep in the middle - 102 m - and there was a lot of wind and fog that could make building a bridge difficult.
In 1916, San Francisco's city engineer asked other engineers to offer ideas for a bridge. One man, Joseph Strauss, designed a very cheap bridge - only $17 million, but many thought it was ugly. Local authorities asked him to change the design and to work with other experts. He agreed. He and other experts, especially architect Irving Morrow, designed the bridge again, this time as a suspension bridge. A suspension bridge has tall towers that hold long cables, and the cables hold up or "suspend" the bridge.
The bridge is called the Golden Gate Bridge because it crosses the Golden Gate Strait, the area of water between the San Francisco peninsula and the Marin County peninsula.
In 1930, people in San Francisco and Marin County agreed that the local governments could sell bonds to the public to raise money for the bridge. The new bridge was going to cost $30.1 million. But it was difficult for the governments to sell the bonds at the time because of the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Finally, the Bank of America, which was based in San Francisco, agreed to buy all the bonds to help the local economy.
Construction
Construction began on January 5, 1933 and was finished in April 1937. Eleven men died during the construction, so the builders put a net under the bridge for the safety of the builders. Nineteen men were saved by the net.
When they finished the bridge, they painted it with a reddish-orange sealant, a type of paint that protects the bridge from water and humidity. People liked the color because it looked good with the bridge's surroundings and it was easy to see in the fog, so the bridge was officially painted with the color, called International Orange.
Today
People can cross the bridge in cars or motorcycles any time. During daylight hours, they can cross by bicycle or on foot. They can not cross the bridge on roller skates, skateboards, or mopeds.
People often jump off the bridge to commit suicide (kill themselves). They fall 75 meters and most of them die when they hit the water. Over 1600 people committed suicide by jumping off the bridge.
Tolling
When the bridge opened, drivers had to pay 50 cents to cross the bridge in either direction. Today, when drivers go north on the bridge (leaving San Francisco) they do not have to pay, but starting on September 2, 2008, when going south (entering San Francisco), they have to pay $6 if they pay cash or $5 if they buy a Fastrak pass. On April 7, 2014, the tolls increased as part of the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway & Transportation District five-year toll and transit fare programs.
References
Buildings and structures completed in the 20th century
Buildings and structures in San Francisco
Seven Wonders of the Modern World
Steel bridges
Suspension bridges
Marin County, California
Landmarks in San Francisco
1937 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in California
California Historical Landmarks
Bridges in the San Francisco Bay Area |
7430 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen | Kitchen | The kitchen is the room in the house where food is cooked. Sometimes, people eat in their kitchens, too. Hotels, schools, and places where people work often have kitchens as well. A person who works in a kitchen in one of these places may be a kitchen worker or a chef (depending on where he/she cooks). An outdoor kitchen at a campsite might be placed near a well, water pump, or water tap, and it might provide tables for food preparation.
References
Rooms |
7432 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20engineering | Software engineering | Software engineering is a field of engineering, for designing and writing programs for computers or other electronic devices. A software engineer, or programmer, writes software and compiles the software to make instructions the computer can follow.
Good quality software is easier to fix and add new features. Good documentation and good design are parts of good software. Becoming a software engineer requires experience and practice writing code. Software engineering may be very difficult work. The software release life cycle includes getting the requirements, planning, writing, documenting and testing the software before it is released. When it is released, it is given to other people to use, who are called the "end users". Good software should be user friendly, which means it is easy to use.
Steps in creating software
Software engineering can broadly be split into the following steps:
Requirements say what the software should do.
Software design is usually done on paper. It says what the different parts of the software are, and how they talk to each other.
After the design phase is done, each component (part) of the software is coded. Code is what tells the computer exactly what to do at each step.
Testing is done to see if the components meet the requirements and that the system as a whole meet the requirements.
Part or all of this process can be repeated if software bugs are found or new requirements are needed.
Tools used in creating software
Software engineers use many tools and practices in making software. Some of the most common are:
Flowcharts
UML diagram
Debugging tools
Compiler
Text editor, usually part of an IDE - Integrated Development Environment
Database
Related pages
Software development
Other websites
The British Computer Society
The Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Computer Degrees and Careers
Software engineering -Citizendium
Notes
Software
Engineering disciplines
Computer science |
7433 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student | Student | A student is a person who goes to school and is learning something. Students can be children, teenagers, or adults who are going to school, but it may also be other people who are learning, such as in college or university. A younger student is often called a pupil. Usually, students will learn from a teacher or a lecturer if at university. They also do much reading. A student can also be a person studying for a specific profession.
Subjects
Students in school learn subjects. There are many subjects in school like:
Math
Science
Social Studies
Writing
Reading
Language
Related pages
Education
Study
Learning
People |
7434 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburb | Suburb | A suburb is an area of a town or city, a little away from Downtown, where there are fewer big buildings and mainly houses, schools and shops. Such places are called suburban areas or suburban districts. Sometimes, the suburbs cover a very large area. The suburbs are part of the metropolitan area and may be legally part of the main city.
Since the Industrial revolution, urbanization has spread very quickly and far. Transport in the form of trams, buses, trains and cars allows commuting from distant homes to work in the inner city. This led to the growth of suburbs as residential areas. Housing commonly includes Detached houses and semi-detached houses and flats. Houses are built farther apart than in the inner city and there is often space for gardens and parks.
As cities grow outwards, they begin to take over the surrounding countryside. Authorities have created Green belts on the undeveloped land around a city to prevent urban sprawl and to prevent the towns and cities merging into one. They also encourage development within the town, and protect the countryside. The need for new houses, particularly large detached and semi-detached houses in pleasant surroundings, means that some areas of green belt land have been built on and others are threatened. That's because it is cheaper to build on empty land than to redevelop brownfield sites in older parts of the town or city.
Cities |
7435 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyscraper | Skyscraper | A skyscraper is a very tall high-rise building, usually more than 152 metres (500 feet) in height. Most skyscrapers are built in urban areas such as cities, and they are very common in the central business district (also called downtown) areas of many large cities including New York City, Chicago, London, Paris, Sydney, Beijing, Berlin, Toronto, Moscow, Hong Kong and Tokyo.
History
Originally, the word skyscraper meant a tall sail on a sailing ship. Over time, the word's meaning has changed, and today it means a tall building. Until the nineteenth century, buildings taller than six stories tall were not common. Tall buildings made of weak materials would fall down. In addition, people did not like walking up many steps and running water could only be brought up to fifty feet (15m) high.
Better technology helped make skyscrapers more common. Stronger building materials such as steel and reinforced concrete were developed, so stronger buildings could be made. Water pumps brought water up to heights above fifty feet.
The first building to be considered a skyscraper, the Home Insurance Building, was built in Chicago, Illinois in the United States, and was designed by William LeBaron Jenney. The building, ten stories high, was built from 1884 to 1885. It was destroyed in 1931 because they wanted to build another building in its previous place.
In the same year the Home Insurance Building was destroyed, one of the oldest and most famous skyscrapers, the Empire State Building, opened in New York City. Later in the 20th century, people started building skyscrapers in cities that did not have many tall buildings in the past. In 1973, the then-called Sears Tower in Chicago was finished and became the world's tallest building until the late 1990s. It took the record from the World Trade Center in New York City, which opened in 1970 but was destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks.
Many taller buildings have been built since then, including Taipei 101 in Taipei. This building was the world's tallest from 2004 until 2008, when the Burj Khalifa in Dubai opened. Burj Khalifa is at this time the tallest building and man-made structure ever made, but the Jeddah Tower in Jeddah, which is still being built, will be even taller.
Related pages
List of tallest structures in the world
List of tallest buildings in Australia
List of tallest buildings in Thailand
List of tallest buildings in the United States |
7436 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer | Integer | In mathematics, integers are the natural numbers and their negatives. Integers can also be shown on a number line as follows:
In particular, zero is also an integer, but it is not positive nor negative. "Integer" is another word for "whole". An integer is a rational number with no "fraction", or part. An integer is a decimal number with all zeros after the decimal separator. For example, the integer 17 is the same as the decimal 17.0 or 17.0000.
An integer has a next smaller number and a next larger number. There is no smallest integer, just as there is no largest integer. Each integer is either larger than, equal to, or smaller than any other integer. Consecutive integers are integers that come after each other (as in ).
The sum of integers is an integer. The difference between integers is an integer. The product of integers is an integer (for example, (12 + 2345 x (67 - 8) ) x 9 is an integer). An integer divided by an integer is sometimes not an integer (as in the case of 123 / 45).
or is the name of the set of integers, and the set of positive integers. (, +, 0) is an abelian group.
The number of integers is infinite. The cardinal number of is . The ordinal number of is .
To sum up, an integer is a whole number that has no decimals.
In programming
In some programming languages, like C, there are types called "int" or "integer."
Notes
Number theory
Mathematics |
7437 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural%20number | Natural number | Natural numbers, also called counting numbers, are the numbers used for counting things. Natural numbers are the numbers small children learn about when they first started to count. Natural numbers are always whole numbers (integers excluding negative numbers) and often exclude zero, in which case one is the smallest natural number. The set of natural numbers can be represented by the symbol .
There is no largest natural number. The next natural number can be found by adding 1 to the current natural number, producing numbers that go on "forever". There is no natural number that is infinite in size. Any natural number can be reached by adding 1 enough times to the smallest natural number.
Non-natural numbers
The following types of numbers are not natural numbers:
Numbers less than 0 (negative numbers), for example, β2 and β1
Fractions, for example, Β½ and 3ΒΌ
Decimals, for example, 7.675
Irrational numbers, for example, and (pi)
Imaginary numbers, for example, (i)
infinity, for example, and
0 (if not include as a natural number)
Basic operations
Addition; The sum of two natural numbers is a natural number.
Multiplication: The product of two natural numbers is a natural number.
Ordering: Of two natural numbers, if they are not the same, then one is bigger than the other, and the other is smaller. m = n or m > n or m < n
if l > m then l + n > m + n
if l > m and l > 0 then l x n > l x m
Zero is the smallest natural number: 0 = n or 0 < n
There is no largest natural number n < n + 1
"Subtraction": If n is smaller than m then m minus n is a natural number. If n < m then m - n = p.
if l - m = n then l = n + m
if n is greater than m, then m minus n is not a natural number
if l = m - n and p < n then l > m - p
Division: If then
Mathematical induction: If these two things are true of any property P of natural numbers, then P is true of every natural number
if P is true of 1
and if P of n then P of n+1
then P is true of all natural numbers
Special natural numbers
Even numbers: If n = m x 2, then n is an even number
The even numbers are 0, 2, 4, 6, and so on. Zero is the smallest (or first) even number.
Odd numbers: If n = m x 2 +1, then n is an odd number
A number is either even or odd but not both.
The odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, and so on.
Composite numbers: If n = m x l, and m and l are not 0 or 1, then n is a composite number.
The composite numbers are 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21 and so on.
Prime numbers: If a number is not 0, 1, and not a composite number, then it is a prime number.
The prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 and so on. Two is the smallest (or first) prime number. Two is the only even prime number.
There is no biggest prime number.
Square numbers: If n = m x m, then n is a square. n is the square of m.
The squares are 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49 and so on.
How to write it
or is the way to write the set of all natural numbers. Because some people say 0 is a natural number, and some people say it is not, people use the following symbols to talk about the natural numbers:
Related pages
1 (number)
Integer
Zero
Number theory
References |
7438 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Rule | Golden Rule | The Golden Rule is a moral which says treat others as you would like them to treat you. This moral in various forms has been used as a basis for society in many cultures and civilizations. It is called the 'golden' rule because there is value in having this kind of respect and caring attitude for one another.
People of many religions see the value of this mandate and have similar expressions. In Christianity, Jesus Christ taught this idea to his disciples and others when he gave his Sermon on the Mount. It is recorded in the Holy Bible in the book of Matthew, Chapter 7 and verse 12. Jesus explained to his listeners that all the things that were recorded in the Jewish law and that the prophets had taught about concerning morality was summed up in this one rule. The context of this statement (Matthew 7) is about God's mercy and kindness. The principle that was shared is to not always treat others as they might deserve to be treated, as we may judge some as undeserving, but instead to always be merciful and charitable, not withholding good.
In other religions and belief systems there is a similar concept of "the ethic of reciprocity", also called the Golden Rule. They usually give a similar idea, although sometimes it has been expressed in the form such as "Do not treat others as you would not like to be treated."
One of the earliest rules of this type is from the Old Testament days of Moses: "Love thy neighbor as thyself" (Leviticus 19:18). Similar rules have also appeared over time:
ca. 950 BC: "...by making dharma (right conduct) your main focus, treat others as you treat yourself." - Mahabharata ShΔnti-Parva 167:9 (Hinduism)
ca. 600 BC: "Avoid doing what you would blame others for doing." β Thales (Greek philosopher)
ca. 500 BC: "Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful." - Buddha Udanavarga 5:18 (Buddhism)
ca. 500 BC: "A man should wander about treating all creatures as he himself would be treated." ββSutrakritanga, 1.11.33 (Jainism)
ca. 480 BC: "Is there any one word that could guide a person throughout life?" The Master replied: "How about 'shu' [reciprocity]: never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself?" - Confucius Analects 15:24
ca. 400 BC: "Do not do to others that which angers you when they do it to you." - Isocrates (Greek philosopher)
ca. 350 BC: "That which you hate to be done to you, do not do to another." - Egyptian Papyrus, Brooklyn 47:218:135
ca. 50 BC: "What you do not want to happen to you, do not do it yourself either." - Sextius (Greek philosopher)
ca. 1 AD: "Do not do to others what you know has hurt yourself" - Tirukkural (Tamil Hinduism)
ca. 400 AD: "What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow: this is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation..." - Babylonian Talmud Shabbath 31:a (Judaism)
ca. 600 AD: "None of you [truly] believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself." - Muhammad, various hadiths (Islam)
ca. 800 AD: "Whatever is disagreeable to yourself, do not do unto others." Shayast-na-Shayast 13:29 (Zoroastrianism)
ca. 1200 AD: "Regard your neighbor's gain as your own gain, and your neighbor's loss as your own loss." Treatise on the Response of the Tao (Taoism)
ca. 1400 AD: "If the entire Dharma can be said in a few words, then it is β that which is unfavorable to us, do not do that to others." Padmapuraana 19/357β358 (Hinduism)
ca. 1850 AD: "And if thine eyes be turned towards justice, choose thou for thy neighbour that which thou choosest for thyself." Baha'ullah (Baha'i Faith)
Related pages
Quid pro quo is when a return favour is definitely expected.
Religion
Philosophy
Phrases
Life skills |
7439 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester | Leicester | Leicester () is a city in the East Midlands region of England and it is the county town of Leicestershire.
In the 2011 census the population of Leicester was about 330,000. The city is also the 11th largest by population in England and the 13th largest in the United Kingdom.
History and Society
Leicester is about 2,000 years old and was called Ratae Corieltauvorum when it was founded by the Romans. After the Romans had gone and the Anglo-Saxons settled there the town of Leicester was founded and named after the River Soar (then called Leire) and "cester" meaning the Roman ruins. Much later, after the invasion by the Danes, Leicester was within the area under Danish rule and one of the fortified "Five Burghs". In early modern times it became a centre of the manufacture of boots, shoes and knitted clothes such as socks.
Since 1926 there has been a Church of England diocese of Leicester and in 1927 the Church of St Martin became Leicester Cathedral. As well as different forms of Christianity many other religions have followers in the city including Islam and Hinduism. The UK census in 2001 showed that 17.4% of people in Leicester said that they had no religion.
Leicester has a wide variety of people from other countries, including many from Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. Leicester also has communities of people from the Caribbean, Somalia, Afghanistan, Kurdistan, Iran, Poland and many other countries. Many of these communities have their own community organisations. As well as English about 70 other languages are spoken in the city.
Leicester is well known for having residents from many different cultural backgrounds. People who believe that they are having problems because of racism can get help from The Race Equality Centre.
Government and politics
Leicester has three MPs: Jon Ashworth (Leicester South), Liz Kendall (Leicester West) and Claudia Webbe (Leicester East). All three are members of the Labour Party.
On 5 May 2011, Sir Peter Soulsby became the first directly elected Mayor of Leicester. He is called the City Mayor. Leicester also has a Lord Mayor for ceremonies.
Leicester City Council has 54 councillors. At the moment there are 52 from the Labour party and one Independent and one Liberal Democrat. Leicester is divided into 22 wards for local government which include the city centre and many suburban areas.
Services and facilities
Leicester has a very large covered outdoor market. The market has been in the same place for 700 years. The city also has two shopping centres: Haymarket and the much larger Highcross.
Leicester has several museums. The biggest and best known is the New Walk Museum.
The city has many parks, including Abbey Park and Victoria Park. There is also a botanical garden in Oadby, which is a town south of Leicester.
Leicester has a race course, which is also in Oadby.
There are two hospitals in the city (Leicester General Hospital and Leicester Royal Infirmary) and one just outside the city (Glenfield Hospital).
The city is the home of Leicester City F.C. the Leicester Football Club who are also known as the Foxes. Leicester is also home to a rugby club called the Leicester Tigers. It also has a cricket team for adults and juniors called Leicestershire CCC (county cricket club).
Leicester has two universities: the University of Leicester and De Montfort University. It also has several further education colleges, the largest one is Leicester College.
There are two bus stations: Haymarket and St. Margaret's (which is also a coach station). The train station is on London Road. Leicester is about 75 minutes from London by train.
Many trade union branches in the city and county are members of Leicester and District Trades Union Council.
The local newspaper is called The Leicester Mercury.
Other websites
Leicester City Council
Official Tourism site for Leicester and Leicestershire
Leicester City Guide
Leicester and District Trades Union Council
Leicester Mercury
News from Leicester
Leicester Market
The Race Equality Centre
Leicester museums and galleries
Local hospitals
University of Leicester Botanic Garden
A brief History of Leicester
References
Unitary authorities |
7441 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood | Hollywood | Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California. It is very famous around the world as a place where movies and television series are made. It has many different attractions such as the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Universal Studios and the famous Hollywood Sign. Many tourists come to Hollywood to see all of these things. Because of the importance of Hollywood in the movie industry of the United States, the whole industry is often called "Hollywood", even though not all movies are made in Hollywood. This use of the word "Hollywood" is called metonymy.
Many historic Hollywood theatres are used as venues and concert stages to premiere major theatrical releases and host the Academy Awards. It is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism and home to the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The Hollywood Walk of Fame was created in 1958 and the first star was placed in 1960. It is a sidewalk along the Hollywood Boulevard and the USA. There are more than 2000 five-points stars on the walk featuring the names of artists working in the entertainment industry.
The first movie to be made entirely in Hollywood was the 17-minute short In Old California. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. It was released in 1910.
On the mountain overlooking Hollywood, there is a sign that is made of very big letters, spelling out its name. ItΒ΄s called the "Hollywood sign". The huge Hollywood sign was built in 1923.
Related pages
Bollywood
Other websites
Hollywoodland - George Reeves Biopic Movie
Hollywood Photos
Movie industry
Neighborhoods of Los Angeles |
7442 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday%20Night%20Live | Saturday Night Live | Saturday Night Live (SNL) is a popular American television program. It has been broadcast on Saturday nights since October 11, 1975. It is one of the longest-running television programs in American television. It is broadcast from NBC studios in New York City. The name comes from the fact that the program is aired live on Saturday nights at 11:30 PM EST. This is a rarity in the age of filming and videotape. SNL is shown in re-runs in the summer and on cable TV. The program usually consists of the following:
Comedy sketches
A celebrity host, usually an actor or comedian
A popular band/musician performing a recent song
Weekend Update, a satirical newscast usually featuring celebrity impressions
Parody commercials
Various short movies, animated segments and the like.
Saturday Night Live was created and executive-produced by Lorne Michaels and started in 1975 as NBC's Saturday Night. Many famous comic actors got their starts being cast members on the program. The show has led to several movies, books, DVDs, and has been the inspiration for a couple of other TV shows. It has been nominated for 183 Emmy Awards and won 42.
"Live from New York, it's Saturday night!" is said near the beginning of every episode.
Actors on SNL
Many cast members have come and gone in the history of Saturday Night Live. Here is a list of some of those cast members and how long they lasted on the show.
Chevy Chase (1975 to 1976)
Dan Aykroyd (1975 to 1979)
Eddie Murphy (1980 to 1984)
Billy Crystal (1984 to 1985)
Robert Downey, Jr. (1985 to 1986)
Mike Myers (1988 to 1995)
Chris Rock (1990 to 1993)
Adam Sandler (1990 to 1995)
Chris Farley (1990 to 1995)
Janeane Garofalo (1994 to 1995)
Will Ferrell (1995 to 2002)
Tina Fey (2000 to 2006)
Amy Poehler (2001 to 2008)
Jimmy Fallon (1998 to 2004)
Seth Meyers (2001 to 2014)
Memorable Impressions
Many cast members have impressions of celebrities on Saturday Night Live. Here is a list of some of those actors having impressions of celebrities.
Chevy Chase as Gerald R. Ford
Phil Hartman as Ronald Reagan
Will Ferrell as George W. Bush
Tina Fey as Sarah Palin
Amy Poehler as Hillary Clinton
Kate McKinnon as Hillary Clinton
Kate McKinnon as Kellyanne Conway
Darrell Hammond as Bill Clinton
Darrell Hammond as Donald Trump
Alec Baldwin as Donald Trump
Darrell Hammond as Sean Connery
Will Ferrell as Alex Trebek
Larry David as Bernie Sanders
Melissa McCarthy as Sean Spicer
Memorable sketches
Weekend Update
The Californians
Celebrity Jeopardy
Wayne's World
Seasons and cast members
The cast members for season one were Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, George Coe, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Laraine Newman, Michael O'Donoghue, and Gilda Radner.
The cast members for season two were Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Bill Murray, Laraine Newman, and Gilda Radner.
The cast members for season three were Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Bill Murray, Laraine Newman, and Gilda Radner. The featured players were Tom Davis and Al Franken.
The cast members for season four were Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Bill Murray, Laraine Newman, and Gilda Radner. The featured players were Tom Davis and Al Franken.
The cast members for season five were Jane Curtin, Garrett Morris, Bill Murray, Laraine Newman, Gilda Radner, and Harry Shearer. The featured players were Peter Aykroyd, Tom Davis, Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray, Al Franken, Don Novello, Tom Schiller, Paul Shaffer, and Alan Zweibel.
The cast members for season six were Denny Dillon, Gilbert Gottfried, Gail Matthius, Eddie Murphy, Joe Piscopo, Ann Risley, and Charles Rocket. The featured players were Yvonne Hudson, Matthew Laurance, and Patrick Weathers.
The cast members for season seven were Robin Duke, Christine Ebersole, Mary Gross, Tim Kazurinsky, Eddie Murphy, Joe Piscopo, and Tony Rosato. The featured player was Brian Doyle-Murray.
The cast members for season eight were Robin Duke, Mary Gross, Brad Hall, Tim Kazurinsky, Gary Kroeger, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Eddie Murphy, and Joe Piscopo.
The cast members for season nine were Jim Belushi, Robin Duke, Mary Gross, Brad Hall, Tim Kazurinsky, Gary Kroeger, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Eddie Murphy, and Joe Piscopo.
The cast members for season ten were Jim Belushi, Billy Crystal, Mary Gross, Christopher Guest, Rich Hall, Gary Kroeger, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Harry Shearer, Martin Short, and Pamela Stephenson.
The cast members for season eleven were Joan Cusack. Robert Downey, Nora Dunn, Anthony Michael Hall, Jon Lovitz, Dennis Miller, Randy Quaid, Terry Sweeney, and Danitra Vance. The featured players were A. Whitney Brown, Al Franken, Don Novello, Dan Vitale, and Damon Wayans.
The cast members for season twelve were Dana Carvey, Nora Dunn, Phil Hartman, Jan Hooks, Victoria Jackson, Jon Lovitz, and Dennis Miller. The featured players were A. Whitney Brown, and Kevin Nealon.
The cast members for season thirteen were Dana Carvey, Nora Dunn, Phil Hartman, Jan Hooks, Victoria Jackson, Jon Lovitz, Dennis Miller, and Kevin Nealon. The featured player was A. Whitney Brown.
The cast members for season fourteen were Dana Carvey, Nora Dunn, Phil Hartman, Jan Hooks, Victoria Jackson, Jon Lovitz, Dennis Miller, and Kevin Nealon. The featured players were A. Whitney Brown, Al Franken, Mike Myers, and Ben Stiller.
The cast members for season fifteen were Dana Carvey, Nora Dunn, Phil Hartman, Jan Hooks, Victoria Jackson, Jon Lovitz, Dennis Miller, Mike Myers, and Kevin Nealon. The featured players were A. Whitney Brown and Al Franken.
The cast members for season sixteen were Dana Carvey, Phil Hartman, Jan Hooks, Victoria Jackson, Dennis Miller, Mike Myers, and Kevin Nealon. This season also starred Chris Farley, Tim Meadows, Chris Rock, and Julia Sweeney. The featured players were A. Whitney Brown, Al Franken, Adam Sandler, Rob Schneider, and David Spade
The cast members for season seventeen were Dana Carvey, Chris Farley, Phil Hartman, Victoria Jackson, Mike Myers, Kevin Nealon, Chris Rock, and Julia Sweeney. This season also starred Ellen Cleghorne, Siobhan Fallon, Tim Meadows, Adam Sandler, Rob Schneider, and David Spade. The featured players were Beth Cahill, Al Franken, Melanie Hutsell, and Robert Smigel
The cast members for season eighteen were Dana Carvey, Chris Farley, Phil Hartman, Mike Myers, Kevin Nealon, Chris Rock, Rob Schneider, and Julia Sweeney. This season also starred Ellen Cleghorne, Melanie Hutsell, Tim Meadows, Adam Sandler, and David Spade. The featured players were Al Franken, and Robert Smigel.
References
Other websites
1975 American television series debuts
1970s American comedy television series
1980s American comedy television series
1990s American comedy television series
2000s American comedy television series
2010s American comedy television series
Entertainment in New York City
NBC network shows
Emmy Award winning programs
English-language television programs |
7443 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis%20Presley | Elvis Presley | Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 β August 16, 1977) was an American singer, musician and actor. Is extremely considerate as the most influential and most famous musician of the 20th century, and is widely regarded as a cultural icon. He was one of the first and most famous in rock and roll music. He also starred in many movies. His fame has lasted for a long time after his death and is currently still one of the most popular men in history. He is one of the most well-known people from the 20th century in the world. He is so popular that some people know him as only "Elvis". He is also referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll", or simply "The King".
Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi. He and his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee, when he was 13 years old. His music career began there in 1954. He first started to work with Sam Phillips who was the owner of Sun Records. RCA Records acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker. Presley's first RCA single, "Heartbreak Hotel" was released in January 1956. It was a number-one hit in the US. He became the leading figure of rock and roll after many of television appearances and chart-topping records. His energetic attitude towards his music and his performance style, made him very popularβand controversial.
In November 1956, he made his film debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service. When he resumed his recording career two years later, he made some of his most successful work. In the 1960s, Presley gave most of his time to making Hollywood movies. After a long seven-year break from live performances, he returned to the stage in 1968. In 1973, Presley was featured in the first globally broadcast concert. Several years of prescription drug abuse damaged his health, and he died in 1977 at the age of 42. Before Elvis Presley passed away, he had problems with type 2 diabetes that he was diagnosed on April 29,1972 due to his weight gain and after a medical check-up
Early life
Elvis Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in Tupelo, Mississippi to 18-year-old Vernon Elvis Presley and 22-year-old Gladys Love Presley (born Smith), in the two-room shotgun house built by Vernon's father in preparation for the child's birth. Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before him. As an only child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an unusually tight bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God church, where he found his initial musical inspiration. Presley's ancestry was primarily a Western European mix: on his mother's side, he was Scots-Irish, with some French Norman; one of Gladys' great-great-grandmothers was Cherokee. According to a third cousin of Presley's, one of Gladys's great-grandmothers was Jewish. There is no evidence that Presley or his mother shared this belief in a Jewish heritage. Syndicated columnist Nate Bloom has challenged the cousin's account, which he calls a "tall tale". Presley's father's forebears were of Scottish and German ancestry. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family. Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evidencing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance. The Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo-Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of altering a check written by the landowner. He was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives. He moved to Memphis, Tennessee with his family when he was 13 years old. Presley was one of the first musicians to play a type of music called rockabilly, which combined country music with rhythm and blues. His first No.1 hit, "Heartbreak Hotel", from 1955, and was one of the first popular rock and roll songs.
Personal life
Presley entered the military in 1958, and was stationed in Germany. He was honorably discharged from the military, and returned to the United States in 1960. In Germany, he met Priscilla Beaulieu, whom he married in 1967. They had a daughter which they named Lisa Marie (who was married to pop singer Michael Jackson).
In 1973, Priscilla and Elvis divorced. By this point, he had become addicted to many prescription drugs.
Presleyβs personal doctor was George C. Nichopoulos who was of Greek descent.
In November 2018, Presley received posthumous the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Donald Trump.
Legacy
Presley's rise to national attention in 1956 changed the field of popular music forever. It also had a great effect on popular culture. Because his music had racially mixed origins, it gave a new acceptance and appreciation of black culture. Presley was one of the first celebrities in the era of mass communication: at age 21, within a year of his first appearance on the American television network, he was already one of the most famous men in the world. He is the best-selling solo artist in history, with sales between 600 million to 1 billion records. His name, image and voice are instantly recognizable worldwide. It has inspired many imitators. Being a Elvis impersonator can be a professional job. In polls and surveys, he is recognized as one of the most important and influential American musical artists.
Death
He died on August 16, 1977 from a Cardiac Arrest by drug intoxication. He was discovered dead in his bathroom.
Related pages
List of country musicians from Mississippi
References
Other websites
Elvis Presley Enterprises - Official site of the Elvis Presley brand.
Elvis Resources - Interviews and articles about Elvis Presley By Elvis Australia
Elvis Presley's Graceland - A detailed history of Elvis' Graceland, with photos.
Elvis Presley Directory
Elvis Presley Tributes
1935 births
1977 deaths
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Actors from Memphis, Tennessee
Actors from Mississippi
Country musicians from Mississippi
American movie actors
American rock musicians
American rock singers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Tennessee
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Singers from Memphis, Tennessee
Singers from Mississippi
Former Roman Catholics
People from Tupelo, Mississippi
Country musicians from Tennessee |
7446 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood%20Forest | Sherwood Forest | Sherwood Forest is an ancient woodland near Nottingham, England. It is famous as the home of the mythical outlaw, Robin Hood and his men (and Maid Marian). Legend claims that they lived near the Major Oak. Its branches are now supported by props.
Other websites
Forests of England
Nottinghamshire |
7447 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Everest | Mount Everest | Mount Everest is the highest mountain on Earth. Mount Everest is in the Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world. It is about high.
Its peak is on the border of Nepal and China, and lies in the Death zone where the air is too thin for a human being to live, so usually compressed gas tanks with different gas mixes for different altitudes are used when climbing. The Death Zone refers to the parts of Mount Everest that are above above sea level.
Two other mountains also can be named as the "highest" mountains - the Hawaiian volcano Mauna Loa on Hawaii island is the highest mountain measured from the base underwater to the summit (more than 11 kilometres), and the summit of Mount Chimborazo is the fixed point on Earth which is the greatest distance from the center. This is because of the shape of the Earth: the circumference around the Equator is greater than around the poles.
Everest Base Camp
"Everest Base Camp" is used to mean the two base camps on opposite sides of Mount Everest. South Base Camp is in Nepal at an altitude of (). North Base Camp is in Tibet at (). These camps are simple campsite shelters at the bottom (or base) of the mountain. They are used by mountain climbers during their journey up or down the mountain. Supplies are provided there and climbers rest, heal and make trip preparations.
South Base Camp is used when climbing up the southeast ridge. North Base Camp is used when climbing up the northeast ridge.
Supplies are shipped to the South Base Camp by Sherpas or porters, and with the help of animals, usually yaks. The North Base Camp has vehicle access (at least in the summer months). Climbers usually rest at base camp for several days for their bodies to get used to the thin air of high altitudes.
This reduces the risks and severity of altitude sickness.
Climate
Mount Everest has a very cold and snowy climate. Winds can speed up to . The coldest month is January with a high of and the warmest month in mount everest is July with a high of .
Because of climate change, the glaciers around Mount Everest may disappear over the next few decades.
History
A survey of India in 1856 recorded Everest. It was called Peak XV. This first published height was . Everest was given its official English name in 1865 by the Royal Geographical Society.
British people began exploring the area around Mount Everest in 1921. The first expedition to try to climb to the top of Everest was in 1922. On June 8th, 1924, George Leigh Mallory and climbing partner Andrew Irvine tried to climb to the summit of Mount Everest. They disappeared into the fog and were not seen again until Mallory's dead body was found by Conrad Anker in 1999.
The top of Mount Everest was first reached in May 1953 by the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and the New Zealander Sir Edmund Hillary.
In March 2020, Nepal closed the mountain to climbing. This was part of the effort to stop the 2019β20 coronavirus pandemic.
Sherpas
Sherpas are the local people who live near the foot of Mount Everest. For the Sherpas, Mount Everest is a sacred mountain and before they climb Mount Everest they always do a sacrificial offering.
References
Notes
Himalayas
Mountains of China
Mountains of Nepal
Tibet |
7448 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luanda | Luanda | Luanda is the capital and the largest city of Angola. Its former name was Loanda. It is a main seaport of the country on the Atlantic Ocean. In 1995, about 3 million people lived there.
It is a center of manufacturing, but very destroyed because of a long civil war.
It was founded by Portuguese in 1575 as SΓ£o Paulo de Luanda and has been the administrative center of Angola since 1627 (except for 1640β1648). When Angola got independence in 1975, it became the capital of Angola.
References
Cities in Angola
Capital cities in Africa
1575 establishments
Establishments in Angola
Establishments in Portugal |
7449 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsi | Pepsi | Pepsi is a carbonated cola soft drink made by PepsiCo. A can of Pepsi (330ml) has 8 cubes of sugar in it, whereas Coca-Cola has 7.
They often sponsor (help fund/advertise on an event) sports events and music events, like the Super Bowl. Pepsi also has huge sponsorships for the MGM Mirage hotels in Las Vegas, Nevada. They only serve Pepsi products at the hotels.
Pepsi comes in many different flavors, and forms. A few of the different Pepsi types include Diet Pepsi, Pepsi Max, Pepsi ONE, Crystal Pepsi, Pepsi Wild Cherry, etc.
History
It was first introduced as "Brad's Dunka" in New Bern, North Carolina in 1898 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his pharmacy where the drink was sold. It was later named Pepsi Cola, possibly due to the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe. Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in digestion and boost energy.
In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore to a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing it as "A bully drink. refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race".
During the Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1936 of a 12-ounce bottle. Initially priced at 10 cents, sales were slow, but when the price was slashed to five cents, sales increased substantially. With a radio advertising campaign featuring the jingle "Pepsi-Cola hits the spot/Twelve full ounces, that's a lot/Twice as much for a nickel, too/Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you," arranged in such a way that the jingle never ends. Pepsi encouraged price-watching consumers to switch, obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of six ounces per bottle for the price of five cents a nickel, instead of the 12 ounces Pepsi sold at the same price. Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. In 1937 500,000,000 bottles of Pepsi were consumed. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Cola's profits doubled. In 1962 the name is changed to Pepsi.
Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi-Cola company. A long legal battle, Guth v. Loft, then ensued, with the case reaching the Delaware Supreme Court and ultimately ending in a loss for Guth.
Marketing
In 1975, Pepsi introduced the Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with television commercials reporting the results to the public.
In 1976 Pepsi, RKO Bottlers in Toledo, Ohio hired the first female Pepsi salesperson, Denise Muck, to coincide with the United States bicentennial celebration.
In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy. By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 "Ageless Wonders" that "helped redefine promotion marketing."
In 2007, PepsiCo redesigned their cans for the fourteenth time, and for the first time, included more than thirty different backgrounds on each can, introducing a new background every three weeks. One of their background designs includes a string of repetitive numbers 73774. This is a numerical expression from a telephone keypad of the word "Pepsi."
In late 2008, Pepsi overhauled their entire brand, simultaneously introducing a new logo and a minimalist label design. The redesign was comparable to Coca-Cola's earlier simplification of there can and bottle designs. Also in 4th quarter of 2008 Pepsi teamed up with Google/Youtube to produce the first daily entertainment show on Youtube, Poptub. This daily show deals with pop culture, internet viral videos, and celebrity gossip. Poptub is updated daily from Pepsi.
Since 2007, Pepsi, Lay's, and Gatorade have had a "Bring Home the Cup," contest for Canada's biggest hockey fans. Hockey fans were asked to submit content (videos, pictures or essays) for a chance at winning a party in their hometown with the Stanley Cup and Mark Messier.
In 2009, "Bring Home the Cup," changed to "Team Up and Bring Home the Cup." The new installment of the campaign asks for team involvement and an advocate to submit content on behalf of their team for the chance to have the Stanley Cup delivered to the team's hometown by Mark Messier.
Pepsi has official sponsorship deals with three of the four major North American professional sports leagues: the National Football League, National Hockey League and Major League Baseball. Pepsi also sponsors Major League Soccer.
Pepsi also has sponsorship deals in international cricket teams. The Pakistan cricket team is just one of the teams that the brand sponsors. The team wears the Pepsi logo on the front of their test and ODI test match clothing.
On July 6, 2009, Pepsi announced it would make a $1 billion investment in Russia over three years, bringing the total Pepsi investment in the country to $4 billion.
In July 2009, Pepsi started marketing itself as Pecsi in Argentina in response to its name being mispronounced by 25% of the population and as a way to connect more with all of the population.
In October 2008, Pepsi announced that it would be redesigning its logo and re-branding many of its products by early 2009. In 2009, Pepsi, Diet Pepsi and Pepsi Max began using all lower-case fonts for name brands, and Diet Pepsi Max was re-branded as Pepsi Max. The brand's blue and red globe trademark became a series of "smiles," with the central white band arcing at different angles depending on the product. Pepsi released this logo in US. in late 2008, and later it was released in 2009 in Canada, Brazil, Bolivia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Colombia, Argentina, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Panama, Chile and Australia; in the rest of the world the new logo was released in 2010.
References
Other websites
Pepsi's Official website
Pepsi |
7451 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin | Penguin | Penguins are seabirds in the family Spheniscidae. They use their wings to travel underwater, but they cannot travel in the air. They eat fish and other seafood. Penguins lay their eggs and raise their babies on land.
Penguins live only in the Southern Hemisphere of the world: Antarctica, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and South America. The furthest north they get is the Galapagos Islands, where the cold Humboldt Current flows past.
Physical description
All penguins have a white belly and a dark, mostly black, back. This is a type of camouflage to keep them safe when they swim, because it makes them blend in with their background. The white and black colors make an effect called countershading. When a predator looking from below sees the white belly and wings of a swimming penguin, they can not see the penguin well because the light is coming from above. However, when seen from above, the penguin's black back blends in with the dark water below, so they are hard to see.
The biggest penguins may stand nearly 4 feet tall (110Β cm) and can weigh almost 100 pounds (40Β kg). The smallest kinds are only about one foot (32Β cm) tall.
Penguins have a thick layer of blubber that helps them keep warm, and their feathers are very tightly packed to make another cover. They also have a layer of woolly down feathers, under the outer veined feathers that are coated with a type of oil that makes them waterproof.
Penguins have webbed feet used for paddling in the water. They cannot walk well, so they waddle. Penguins cannot fly, but they can swim very well. Their wings have become stiff and small swimming flippers. They have good hearing and can see underwater.
Life
Most penguins lay two eggs per year but emperor penguins lay only one. After the penguins mate, the mother lays her egg or eggs and soon goes in the ocean to eat. The father and mother take turns keeping the eggs warm, and the chicks warm after hatching. The parent on baby duty has nothing to eat. Parent penguins call to find each other amongst the thousands of birds when they return from the feeding grounds. The time one parent is alone with the eggs or chicks and going hungry may be weeks or months depending on what kind of penguin they are. If one parent does not return, the other must abandon the egg to go and eat. Global warming is a threat to penguins along with other arctic animals.
Diet
Penguins eat krill, fish, squid, and other small animals from the ocean, which they catch. They are at home in the ocean. They come up on the land or ice to lay their eggs and raise the chicks. They don't eat there because they live in places where the land has no food for them. In most species the birds all nest together in a huge group, called a rookery. They usually make nests on the ground with rocks or mud.
Penguins cannot taste fish. This was discovered when a research team noticed they were missing some key genes for taste. A closer look at the DNA of penguins showed that all species lack functioning genes for the receptors of sweet, umami, and bitter tastes. It doesn't matter to them, because they swallow the fish whole.
Different kinds
There are 15-20 living species (types) of penguins. The white-flippered penguin is today generally considered a subspecies of the little penguin. It is still unclear if the royal penguin is a subspecies of the macaroni penguin. Scientists are also uncertain whether rockhopper penguins are one, two, or three species.
List of penguins
Aptenodytes
King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus)
Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)
Pygoscoscelis
AdΓ©lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae)
Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis Antarctica)
Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua)
Eudyptes (crested penguins)
Rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome)
Fiordland penguin (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus)
Snares penguin (Eudyptes robustus)
Royal penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli)
Erect-crested penguin (Eudyptes sclateri)
Macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus)
Megadyptes
Yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes)
Eudyptula
Little penguin (Eudyptula minor)
White-flippered penguin (Eudyptula minor albosignata)
African penguin (Spheniscus demersus)
Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus)
Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti)
GalΓ‘pagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus)
Images
Related pages
Tux (Linux mascot)
References
Other websites
Penguin at Citizendium
Flightless birds
Animals of Antarctica |
7453 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%206 | March 6 |
Events
Up to 1900
12 BC - The Roman Emperor Augustus Caesar is named "Pontifex Maximus", incorporating his position into that of Emperor.
1447 β Nicholas V becomes Pope.
1454 β Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of the Prussian Confederation pledged allegiance to Casimir IV of Poland, and the Polish king agreed to help in their struggle for independence from the Teutonic Knights.
1460 β Treaty of AlcaΓ§ovas β Portugal gives the Canary Islands to Castile in exchange for claims in West Africa.
1521 β Ferdinand Magellan discovers Guam.
1645 - Thirty Years' War: In the Battle of Jankau, the Swedish force under Lennart Torstensson wins, and takes field marshal Melchior von Hatzfeldt prisoner.
1714 - End of the War of Spanish Succession.
1788 - The first fleet arrives at Norfolk Island and founds a convict settlement.
1820 β The Missouri Compromise is signed into law by President James Monroe. The compromise allows Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, but makes the rest of the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase territory slavery-free.
1834 β York, Upper Canada is incorporated as Toronto.
1836 β Texas Revolution: Battle of the Alamo β After a 13-day siege by an army of 3,000 Mexican troops, the 189 Texas volunteers defending the Alamo are defeated and the fort taken.
1853 β The Giuseppe Verdi opera La Traviata premieres in Venice.
1856 β The University of Maryland, College Park is chartered as the Maryland Agricultural College.
1857 β The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.
1869 β Dmitri Mendeleev presents the first periodic table to the Russian Chemical Society.
1882 - The Serbian Kingdom is re-founded.
1899 β Bayer registers aspirin as a trademark.
1900 β A coal mine explosion in West Virginia traps 50 coal miners.
1901 2000
1901 β In Bremen an assassin attempts to kill Wilhelm II of Germany.
1902 - The football team Real Madrid is founded, though the word "Real", Spanish for "Royal", is only later added to the team's name.
1913 - First Balkan War: The Greek army captures the Bizani fortress near Ioannina from the Ottoman Empire.
1921 - The Portuguese Communist Party is founded.
1925 β Pionerskaya Pravda, one of the oldest children's newspapers in Europe, is founded
1940 β Winter War: An armistice is signed by Finland and the Soviet Union.
1945 β A communist-dominated government under Petru Groza assumes power in Romania.
1946 β Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh signs an agreement with France which recognizes Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union.
1947 β USS Newport News, the first air-conditioned naval ship, is launched from Newport News, Virginia.
1951 β The trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg begins.
1953 β Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov succeeds Josef Stalin as Premier and First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
1954 - Chancellor of West Germany Konrad Adenauer visits the United States.
1957 β United Kingdom colonies Gold Coast and British Togoland become the independent Republic of Ghana.
1957 β Israel withdraws its troops from the Sinai Peninsula.
1960 - Geneva gives women the right to vote, becoming the third canton of Switzerland to do so.
1962 - The Ash Wednesday storm of 1962 hits the Mid-Atlantic coast of the United States.
1964 β Prophet Elijah Muhammad officially gives Cassius Clay the name Muhammad Ali meaning "beloved of Allah"
1964 β Constantine II becomes King of Greece.
1964 β Tom O'Hara sets a new world record for the indoor mile run by completing it in 3 minutes, 56.4 seconds.
1967 - Svetlana Alliluyeva, daughter of Joseph Stalin, defects to the United States.
1970 β Cult leader and suspected murderer Charles Manson releases an album titled Lies to help finance his defense.
1975 β Algiers Accord: Iran and Iraq announce a settlement over their border dispute.
1980 - Komodo National Park is founded in Indonesia, with the aim of protecting the Komodo dragon.
1981 β After 19 years presenting the CBS Evening News, Walter Cronkite signs off for the last time.
1983 β The United States Football League begins its first year of competition.
1984 β Twelve-month-long strike in British coal industry begins.
1987 β The British ferry M/S Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes in about 90 seconds after leaving the harbour of Zeebrugge, Belgium en route to Dover, England across the English Channel, killing 193.
1992 β The Michelangelo computer virus begins to affect computers.
1994 β Referendum in Moldova results in the electorate voting against possible reunification with Romania.
1997 β Picasso's painting TΓͺte de Femme is stolen from a London gallery, and is recovered a week later.
From 2001
2003 β An Air Algerie Boeing 737 crashes in Tamanrasset, Algeria, killing 102 out of the 103 people on board.
2005 β In Moss, Norway, three Edvard Munch paintings are stolen. The thieves are arrested the next day.
2008 - A suicide bomber kills 68 people in Baghdad, including first responders.
2008 - A gunman kills eight students in Jerusalem.
2009 β Morgan Tsvangirai, leader of Zimbabwe's opposition party, Movement for Democratic Change, is injured in a car crash in which his wife Susan Tsvangirai is killed.
2014 - Euromaidan and Crimea Crisis: The regional parliament of Crimea votes by a majority to become part of Russia (instead of Ukraine) and decides to hold a referendum on this, on March 16. Ukraine, the EU and United States declare this move illegal.
2015 - NASA's Dawn probe enters orbit around the dwarf planet Ceres.
2019 - Venezuelan political crisis: German ambassador Daniel Kriener is expelled from the country.
Births
Up to 1900
1340 β John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (d. 1399)
1405 β King John II of Castile (d. 1454)
1459 β Jakob Fugger, German banker (d. 1525)
1475 β Michelangelo, Italian artist (d. 1564)
1483 - Francesco Guicciardini, Italian statesman and historian (d. 1540)
1492 - Juan Luis Vives, Spanish humanist, philosopher and educator (d. 1540)
1495 - Luigi Alamanni, Italian poet (d. 1556)
1508 β Humayun, Mogul Emperor (d. 1556)
1619 β Cyrano de Bergerac, French soldier and poet (d. 1655)
1663 - Francis Atterbury, British man of letters (d. 1732)
1706 β George Pocock, British admiral (d. 1792)
1716 β Pehr Kalm, Swedish explorer and naturalist (d. 1775)
1724 - Henry Laurens, American merchant, slave trader and political leader (d. 1792)
1761 - Antoine-François Andréossy, French-Italian nobleman (d. 1828)
1785 - Karol Kurpinski, Polish composer (d. 1857)
1787 β Joseph von Fraunhofer, German optician (d. 1826)
1806 β Elizabeth Barrett Browning, English poet (d. 1861)
1812 - Arthur Lufkin Dennison, American watch manufacturer (d. 1895)
1817 - Princess Clementine of Orleans (d. 1907)
1818 - William Claflin, 27th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1905)
1823 - Charles I of WΓΌrttemberg (d. 1891)
1831 - Philip Sheridan, American Civil War Union cavalry officer (d. 1888)
1834 - George du Maurier, British illustrator and writer (d. 1896)
1838 - Szymon Winawer, Polish chess player (d. 1919)
1849 - Georg Luger, Austrian inventor (d. 1923)
1870 - Oscar Straus, Austrian composer (d. 1954)
1871 β Afonso Costa, Portuguese politician (d. 1937)
1882 - John January, American soccer player (d. 1917)
1884 β Molla Mallory, Norwegian-born American tennis player (d. 1959)
1885 β Ring Lardner, American writer (d. 1933)
1886 - Henry Jamison Handy, American swimmer, water polo player and movie maker (d. 1983)
1893 - Furry Lewis, American blues guitarist (d. 1981)
1900 - Lefty Grove, American baseball player (d. 1975)
1901 1950
1903 β Empress Kojun of Japan (d. 2000)
1904 - JosΓ© Antonio Aguirre, 1st President of the Basque Country (d. 1960)
1905 - Bob Wills, American bandleader and songwriter (d. 1975)
1906 β Lou Costello, American actor and comedian (d. 1959)
1911 - George Webb, English actor (d. 1998)
1913 - Louise Latimer, American actress (d. 1973)
1915 - Mohammed Burhanuddin, Indian spiritual leader (d. 2014)
1917 β Frankie Howerd, English comedian (d. 1992)
1917 β Donald Davidson, American philosopher (d. 2003)
1917 β Will Eisner, American illustrator and cartoonist (d. 2005)
1917 - Samael Aun Weor, Colombian author, lecturer and teacher (d. 1977)
1919 - Harry Coover, American inventor of Super Glue (d. 2011)
1920 - Lewis Gilbert, English movie director, movie producer and screenwriter (d. 2018)
1921 - Leo Bretholz, Austrian-American Holocaust survivor (d. 2014)
1923 - Wes Montgomery, American musician (d. 1968)
1923 β Ed McMahon, American television personality (d. 2009)
1924 β Ottmar Walter, German footballer (d. 2013)
1924 - Sarah Caldwell, American conductor (d. 2006)
1924 - William H. Webster, 14th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
1926 - Ray O'Connor, 22nd Premier of Western Australia (d. 2013)
1926 β Alan Greenspan, American economist
1926 β Andrzej Wajda, Polish movie director (d. 2016)
1927 β Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Colombian writer, Nobel Prize winner (d. 2014)
1927 - Gordon Cooper, American astronaut (d. 2004)
1928 - Glyn Owen, Welsh actor (d. 2004)
1930 - Lorin Maazel, French-American violinist, composer and conductor (d. 2014)
1931 - Hal Needham, American stuntman, director, actor and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1931 - Ed Whitlock, English-Canadian runner (d. 2017)
1932 β Bronislaw Geremek, Polish social historian and politician (d. 2008)
1932 - Marc Bazin, Haitian politician (d. 2010)
1932 - Jean Boht, English actress
1933 - Ted Abernathy, American baseball player (d. 2004)
1934 - Red Simpson, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
1934 - John Noakes, British television presenter (d. 2017)
1935 - Ron Delany, Irish middle-distance runner
1936 β Choummaly Sayasone, former President of Laos
1936 - Marion Barry, American politician (d. 2014)
1937 β Valentina Tereshkova, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut, first woman in space
1939 β Infanta Margarita of Spain
1939 - Kit Bond, American politician, 47th Governor of Missouri
1939 - Adam Osborne, writer and computer designer (d. 2003)
1941 - Peter Broetzmann, German jazz saxophonist
1944 β Kiri Te Kanawa, New Zealand opera singer
1944 β Mary Wilson, American singer (d. 2021)
1946 β David Gilmour, British musician (Pink Floyd)
1947 - Kiki Dee, British singer-songwriter
1947 β Rob Reiner, American director
1948 - Stephen Schwartz, American musical theatre lyricist and composer
1949 β Shaukat Aziz, Pakistani politician
1949 - Martin Buchan, Scottish footballer
1951 1975
1951 - Stedman Graham, American writer
1951 - Walter Trout, American composer, guitarist and singer
1953 - Carolyn Porco, American planetary scientist
1953 β Madhav Kumar Nepal, Nepalese politician
1954 β Harald Schumacher, German footballer
1955 β Cyprien Ntaryamira, President of Burundi (d. 1994)
1955 - Alberta Watson, Canadian actress (d. 2015)
1959 β Tom Arnold, American actor and comedian
1959 - Tommy Sheppard, Northern Irish-Scottish politician
1963 - Gary Stevens, American jockey
1963 - Suzanne Crough, American actress (d. 2015)
1964 β Sandro Rosell, Spanish football manager
1966 β Alan Davies, English actor and comedian
1967 - Connie Britton, American actress
1967 - Julio Bocca, Argentine ballet dancer and director
1967 - Shuler Hensley, American actor and singer
1968 - Moira Kelly, American actress
1969 - Amy Pietz, American actress
1970 β Chris Broderick, American musician
1971 β Karst Tates, Dutch attempted assassin (d. 2009)
1972 β Shaquille O'Neal, American basketball player
1973 - Michael Kelly, American basketball player
From 1976
1976 β Ken Anderson, American professional wrestler
1977 β Giorgos Karagounis, Greek footballer
1978 β Lara Cox, Australian actress
1978 - Teruaki Kurobe, Japanese footballer
1979 β Rufus Hound, English comedian
1979 - Garry Monk, English footballer and manager
1979 β Tim Howard, American soccer player
1981 - Tim Brown, New Zealand footballer
1981 β Zlatan Muslimovic, Bosnia and Herzegovina footballer
1981 - Ellen Muth, American actress
1983 β Andranik Teymourian, Iranian footballer
1985 - Bakaye TraorΓ©, French-born Malian footballer
1985 - Yael Stone, Australian actress
1986 - Paul Aguilar, Mexican footballer
1986 - Danny Jones, Welsh rugby league player (d. 2015)
1986 β Charlie Mulgrew, Scottish footballer
1987 β Kevin-Prince Boateng, German-Ghanaian footballer
1987 β Hannah Taylor-Gordon, British actress
1987 - JosΓ© Manuel Flores, Spanish footballer
1988 - Agnes Carlsson, Swedish singer
1988 - Simon Mignolet, Belgian footballer
1989 - Lee Seung-Yeoul, South Korean footballer
1989 β Agnieszka Radwanska, Polish tennis player
1990 - Clara Lago, Spanish actress
1991 - Lex Luger, American producer
1991 - Tyler, The Creator, American rapper and producer
1991 - Rodrigo, Brazilian-Spanish footballer
1992 - Momoko Tsugunaga, Japanese actress and singer
1992 - Sarah De Bono, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1993 - Andres Renteria, Colombian footballer
1994 - Nathan Redmond, English footballer
1994 - Marcus Smart, American basketball player
1996 - Timo Werner, German footballer
2001 β Aryana Engineer, Canadian actress
Deaths
Up to 1900
1052 - Emma of Normandy (b. 985)
1252 - Saint Rose of Viterbo, Italian saint (b. 1235)
1282 - Agnes of Bohemia (b. 1211)
1466 β Francesco I Sforza, Italian ruler (b. 1401)
1490 β Ivan the Young, ruler of Tver (b. 1458)
1627 - Krzysztof Zbaraski, Polish statesman (b. 1580)
1754 β Henry Pelham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1694)
1764 - Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1690)
1836 β Davy Crockett, American historical figure (b. 1786)
1836 - James Bowie, Texan pioneer (b. 1796)
1836 - William Travis, Texan soldier (b. 1809)
1842 β Constanze Mozart, wife of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (b. 1763)
1860 - Justus Johann Friedrich Dotzauer, German cellist and composer (b. 1783)
1881 β Horatia Nelson, daughter of Horatio Nelson and Emma Hamilton (b. 1801)
1888 β Louisa May Alcott, American writer (b. 1832)
1895 β Camilla Collett, Norwegian writer and feminist (b. 1813)
1899 β Victoria Kaiulani, Hawaiian princess (b. 1875)
1900 β Gottlieb Daimler, German engineer (b. 1834)
1901 2000
1925 β Georgy Lvov, Russian politician (b. 1861)
1930 - Alfred von Tirpitz, German admiral (b. 1849)
1932 β John Philip Sousa, American conductor and composer (b. 1854)
1933 β Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1873)
1935 β Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., American politician (b. 1841)
1941 - Gutzon Borglum, Danish sculptor (b. 1867)
1950 β Albert Lebrun, President of France (b. 1871)
1951 β Ivor Novello, Welsh actor, musician and composer (b. 1893)
1951 - Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Ukrainian politician and statesman (b. 1880)
1952 - JΓΌrgen Stroop, German SS officer (b. 1895)
1961 β George Formby, English comedian, singer and musician (b. 1904)
1964 β King Paul of Greece (b. 1901)
1965 - Margaret Dumont, American actress (b. 1889)
1967 β Zoltan Kodaly, Hungarian composer (b. 1882)
1967 - Nelson Eddy, American actor and singer (b. 1901)
1971 β Thurston Dart, English harpsichordist and conductor (b. 1921)
1973 β Pearl S. Buck, American writer, Nobel Prize winner (b. 1892)
1982 β Ayn Rand, Russian-American writer (b. 1905)
1984 β Martin NiemΓΆller, German theologian (b. 1892)
1986 β Georgia O'Keeffe, American artist (b. 1887)
1990 - Taro Kagawa, Japanese footballer (b. 1922)
1994 - Ken Noritake, Japanese footballer (b. 1922)
1994 β Melina Mercouri, Greek actress and politician (b. 1920)
1997 β Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (b. 1918)
1997 β Michael Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1924)
1999 β Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifah, Emir of Bahrain (b. 1933)
From 2001
2002 - Bryan Fogarty, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1969)
2004 - Frances Dee, American actress (b. 1909)
2005 β Hans Bethe, German physicist (b. 1906)
2006 - King Floyd, American singer-songwriter (b. 1945)
2006 - Dana Reeve, American actress and activist (b. 1961)
2007 β Jean Baudrillard, French theorist and photographer (b. 1929)
2009 - Francis Magalona, Filipino media artist and photographer (b. 1964)
2009 β Susan Tsvangirai, wife of Morgan Tsvangirai (b. 1958)
2011 β Jan Popluhar, Slovakian footballer (b. 1935)
2012 - Francisco Xavier do Amaral, 1st President of East Timor (b. 1937)
2013 - Alvin Lee, British guitarist (b. 1944)
2013 - Stompin' Tom Connors, Canadian country musician (b. 1936)
2014 - Jojon, Indonesian comedian (b. 1947)
2014 - Manlio Sgalambro, Italian philosopher and writer (b. 1924)
2014 - Maurice Faure, French diplomat and politician (b. 1922)
2014 - SΓ©rgio Guerra, Brazilian economist and politician (b. 1947)
2014 - Martin Nesbitt, American politician (b. 1946)
2014 - Frank Jobe, American surgeon (b. 1925)
2014 - Sheila MacRae, English-American actress (b. 1921)
2014 - Ron Murphy, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1933)
2014 - Alemayehu Atomsa, Ethiopian politician (b. 1969)
2015 - Ram Sundar Das, Indian politician, Chief Minister of Bihar (b. 1921)
2015 - Kishore Te, Indian movie editor (b. 1978)
2015 - Fred Craddock, American minister (b. 1928)
2015 - Vasilios Magginas, Greek politician (b. 1949)
2016 - Kalabhavan Mani, Indian actor (b. 1971)
2016 - Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States (b. 1921)
2016 - Elizabeth Garrett, American educator (b. 1963)
2016 - Sheila Varian, American horse breeder (b. 1937)
2017 - Bill Hougland, American basketball player and businessman (b. 1930)
2017 - Robert Osborne, American film historian and actor (b. 1932)
2017 - Alberto Zedda, Italian conductor and musicologist (b. 1928)
2017 - Eddy Pauwels, Belgian cyclist (b. 1935)
2017 - Geoffrey Wainwright, British archaeologist (b. 1937)
2018 - Indra Bahadur Rai, Indian writer (b. 1927)
2018 - John Sulston, English biologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1942)
2018 - Peter Nicholls, Australian writer (b. 1939)
2018 - Shammi, Indian actress (b. 1929)
2018 - Peter Freund, Romanian-American physicist (b. 1936)
2019 - John Habgood, English bishop, academic and life peer (b. 1927)
2019 - JosΓ© Pedro PΓ©rez-Llorca, Spanish lawyer, politician and diplomat (b. 1940)
2019 - Carolee Schneemann, American artist (b. 1939)
Observances
Independence Day (Ghana)
Alamo Day (Texas)
Foundation Day (Norfolk Island)
March 06 |
7455 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953 | 1953 | 1953 (MCMLIII) was .
Events
January 20 - Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes the 34th President of the United States.
January 31 - In the night to February 1, a storm severely floods parts of the Netherlands, Belgium and the United Kingdom.
May 29 β Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay become the first humans to reach the top of Mount Everest.
June 2 - Elizabeth II is crowned Queen of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth realms.
June 17 - Uprising in East Germany.
July 27 β Korean War ends
July 29 β the architect Piero Portaluppi and Gualtiero Galmanini begins in Milano the construction of the Palace d'Este, completed in 1936, a masterpiece of Italian Rationalism.
August 12 - 1953 Ionian earthquake struck the southern Ionian Islands in Greece
The Taito Corporation is founded in Japan
Births
January 9 β Morris Gleitzman, English writer
January 18 - LΓ‘szlΓ³ Simion, Romanian politician Hungarian nationalities UDMR.
January 21 β Paul Allen, American entrepreneur
January 23 - Robin Zander, American singer (Cheap Trick)
January 24 - Matthew Wilder, American singer-songwriter
January 26 - Anders Fogh Rasmussen, former Prime Minister of Denmark and current NATO Secretary-General
February 8 - Mary Steenburgen, American actress
February 11 β Jeb Bush, American politician
February 11 - William Aviv, Jewish actor and politician
February 16 - Loran Bini, Kosovo Christian politician of Bosnian ethnicity
February 19 β Cristina FernΓ‘ndez, President of Argentina
February 25 β Levon Mkrtchyan, Armenian movie director
February 25 - Jose Maria Aznar, former Prime Minister of Spain
February 26 - Michael Bolton, American singer
February 27 - Ian Khama, President of Botswana
February 28 - Paul Krugman, American economist
March 3 - Zico, Brazilian footballer
March 16 β Richard Stallman, Computer programmer and political activist
March 26 β Lincoln Chafee, American politician
April 11 - Guy Verhofstadt, former Prime Minister of Belgium
April 11 - Andrew Wiles, British mathematician
April 20 - Sebastian Faulks, British writer
May 2 - Valery Gergiev, Russian conductor
May 6 β Tony Blair, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
May 6 - Graeme Souness, Scottish footballer and manager
May 8 - Alex Van Halen, musician (Van Halen)
May 8 - Billy Burnette, American singer and guitarist (Fleetwood Mac)
May 14 - Norodom Sihamoni, King of Cambodia
May 16 - Pierce Brosnan, Irish actor
May 19 - Victoria Wood, British actress and comedienne
May 24 - Alfred Molina, British actor
May 25 β Eve Ensler, American playwright
May 29 β Danny Elfman, American musician (Oingo Boingo)
June 1 - David Berkowitz, American serial killer
June 2 - Keith Allen, English actor and comedian
June 2 - Cornel West, American theologian and activist
June 4 β Linda Lingle, American politician
June 8 - Ivo Sanader, former Prime Minister of Croatia
June 15 - Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party and President of China
June 21 β Benazir Bhutto, Pakistani politician (d. 2007)
June 22 - Cyndi Lauper, American singer
July 1 - Jadranka Kosor, former Prime Minister of Croatia
July 11 - Leon Spinks, American boxer
July 21 - Jeff Fatt, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
July 29 β Geddy Lee, Canadian musician and singer (Rush)
July 31 β James Read, American actor
August 17 - Herta Mueller, German writer
August 27 β Alex Lifeson, Canadian musician (Rush)
September 2 β John Zorn, American musician
September 3 β Jean-Pierre Jeunet, French director
September 4 - Fatih Terim, Turkish football manager
September 11 - Tommy Shaw, American guitarist (Styx)
September 22 β SΓ©golΓ¨ne Royal, French politician
October 1 β Klaus Wowereit, German politician
November 14 β Dominique de Villepin, Premier of France
November 14 β Jos Oehlen, Dutch sculptor
November 16 - Griff Rhys-Jones, British actor, comedian and writer
November 26 - Hilary Benn, British politician
November 28 - Alistair Darling, British politician
December 6 - Geoff Hoon, British politician
December 8 - Kim Basinger, American actress
December 9 β John Malkovich, American actor and director
December 13 - Ben Bernanke, American chairman of the Federal Reserve
December 26 - Toomas Hendrik Ilves, President of Estonia
December 28 - Martha Wash, American singer (The Weather Girls)
Deaths
January 1 β Hank Williams, American musician
January 28 β James Scullin, Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1876)
March 5 β Joseph Stalin, Soviet leader assassinated (b.1878)
March 5 β Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer (b. 1891)
March 24 - Mary of Teck, Consort of George V of the United Kingdom (b. 1866)
September 28 - Edwin Hubble, American astronomer (b. 1891)
September 29 β Ernst Reuter, German politician (b. 1889)
October 9 β Jimmy Finlayson, Scottish-American actor (b. 1887)
November 9 β Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet (b. 1914)
Hit Songs
"Answer Me" β David Whitfield
"Answer Me" β Frankie Laine
"Broken Wings" β The Stargazers
"Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes" β Perry Como
"(How Much is) That Doggie in the Window?" β Lita Rosa
"(How Much is) That Doggie in the Window?" β Patti Page
"I Believe" β Frankie Laine (The biggest song of the year)
"I'm Walking Behind You" β Eddie Fisher and Sally Sweetland
"Let's Walk That A-Way" β Johnnie Ray and Doris Day
"Outside of Heaven" β Eddie Fisher
"She Wears Red Feathers" β Guy Mitchell |
7456 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1820 | 1820 |
Events
Venus de Milo discovered.
Hans Christian Γrsted discovers the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
Deaths
George III of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
Daniel Boone (b. 1734)
Books
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. by Washington Irving |
7458 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibalism | Cannibalism | Cannibalism is where a person eats the flesh of another person. It is also called anthropophagy. Anthropologists are not sure how widespread it was, but it did happen in some societies. It also occurs in non-human animals.
The word 'cannibalism' comes from the Island Carib people of the Lesser Antilles. They got a long-standing reputation as cannibals when their legends were recorded in the 17th century. Some controversy exists over the accuracy of these legends.
Cannibalism was widespread in the past among humans in many parts of the world, continuing into the 19th century in some isolated South Pacific cultures, and to the present day in parts of tropical Africa. Cannibalism was certainly practiced in New Guinea and in parts of the Solomon Islands, and flesh markets existed in some parts of Melanesia. Fiji was once known as the 'Cannibal Isles'. Cannibalism has been well documented around the world, from Fiji to the Amazon Basin to the Congo Basin to the MΔori in New Zealand.
References
Other websites
The cannibalism paradigm: assessing contact period ethnohistorical discourse, by James Q. Jacobs. A critical, academic review of Mesoamerican cannibalism claims.
BBC article about German cannibalism case
Harry J. Brown, 'Hans Staden among the Tupinambas.'
Lyrics and English translation of Mein Teil, the Rammstein song about the Meiwes incident |
7459 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%2029 | May 29 |
Events
Up to 1900
1176 - Battle of Legnano: The Lombard League defeats Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor.
1328 β Philip VI of France is crowned King.
1453 - Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II Fatih captures Constantinople after a 53-day siege, ending the Byzantine Empire.
1613 - Heavy flooding in Thuringia kills 2,261 people.
1660 β Charles II becomes King of England, Scotland and Ireland as the monarchy is restored.
1677 - The Treaty of Middle Plantation establishes peace between the Virginia colonists and the local Native Americans.
1717 - The Spanish colonists create the Viceroyalty of New Granada, consisting of present-day Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela, as well as areas that are now part of Peru and Guyana.
1727 β Peter II becomes Tsar of Russia.
1780 - American Revolutionary War: At the Battle of the Waxhaws, the British continue attacking after the Continentals lay down their arms, killing 113.
1790 β Rhode Island becomes the 13th State of the US.
1798 - United Irishmen Rebellion: Between 300 and 500 United Irishmen are massacred by the British Army in County Kildare, Ireland.
1825 - King Charles X of France crowns himself in Reims.
1848 β Wisconsin becomes the 30th State of the US.
1852 - Operatic singer Jenny Lind leaves New York City after a two-year tour of the United States.
1867 β The Austro-Hungarian compromise establishes the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria becomes King of Hungary on June 8.
1886 β Chemist John Pemberton advertises Coca-Cola in the Atlanta Journal.
1900 - N'Djamena is founded as Fort Lamy by French commander Emile Gentil.
1901 2000
1913 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring receives its first performance in Paris, with a riot later occurring.
1914 β The Ocean liner RMS Empress of Ireland sinks in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, killing 1,024 people.
1917 β John F. Kennedy is born in Brookline, Massachusetts.
1918 - The current Flag of Finland is introduced.
1918 - Armenia defeats the Ottoman Army in the Battle of Sardarabad.
1919 - Albert Einstein's theory of General Relativity is tested by Arthur Eddington and Andrew Claude de la Cherois.
1931 - Michele Schirru, a US citizen, is executed by an Italian military firing squad for intent to kill Benito Mussolini.
1935 - The Messerschmidt Bf 109 fighter aircraft has its first flight.
1939 - Albanian Fascist leader Tefik Mborja is appointed as member of the Italian Chamber of Fasces and Corporations.
1942 - Bing Crosby, the Ken Darby singers and the John Scott Trotter Orchestra record Irving Berlin's song White Christmas, which later becomes the best-selling Christmas single ever.
1948 - Creation of the UN peacekeeping force, the UN Truce Supervision Organization.
1953 β Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary become the first humans to reach the top of Mount Everest.
1954 - The first of the yearly Bilderberg conferences takes place.
1964 - The Arab League meets in East Jerusalem to discuss the Palestinian question, leading to the formation of the Palestinian Liberation Organization.
1966 - The Azteca Stadium opens in Mexico City and has a capacity of 105,000. It goes on to host the final of the FIFA World Cup on two occasions, in 1970 and 1986.
1973 β Tom Bradley is elected the first African American Mayor of Los Angeles.
1974 - Yitzhak Rabin replaces Golda Meir as Prime Minister of Israel.
1982 - Falklands War: British forces defeat the Argentines at the Battle of Goose Green.
1982 β Pope John Paul II visits Canterbury cathedral.
1985 β One of Europe's worst ever stadium disasters occurs after a riot at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels, Belgium, in which 39 people are killed. As a result, English football teams are banned from European Competition - the ban is removed a few years later.
1985 - Amputee Steve Fonyo completes a cross-Canada marathon in Victoria, British Columbia, after 14 months.
1986 - The current 12-star Flag of the European Union is first raised in Brussels.
1988 - US President Ronald Reagan begins his first official visit to the Soviet Union, to meet with Mikhail Gorbachev.
1990 - The Russian parliament elects Boris Yeltsin as President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
1994 β East Germany's former leader Erich Honecker dies in Santiago, Chile, at the age of 81.
1999 β Olusegun Obasanjo becomes President of Nigeria.
1999 β The Space Shuttle Discovery completes its first docking with the International Space Station.
From 2001
2004 - The US National World War II Memorial is unveiled in Washington, DC.
2005 β In a referendum, 54.8% of voters in France reject the proposed new European Constitution. Voters in the Netherlands also reject the Constitution by a majority a few days later.
2008 - 30 people are injured by a magnitude 6.1 earthquake in Selfoss, Iceland.
2010 β Tropical storm Agatha kills 180 people in Guatemala. During the storm, a large sinkhole opens up in the middle of Guatemala City.
2010 β Lena Meyer-Landrut of Germany wins the 55th Eurovision Song Contest in Oslo, Norway, with the song "Satellite".
2012 - A magnitude 5.8 earthquake hits Northern Italy near Bologna, killing at least 24 people.
2012 - Mitt Romney secures the Republican Party nomination for the US Presidential election, in which he is defeated by incumbent Barack Obama on November 6.
2013 - The first same-sex marriage in France takes place.
2015 - Muhammadu Buhari takes office as President of Nigeria.
2015 - Sepp Blatter is controversially re-elected President of FIFA in a week of scandal at football's world governing body. He announces his resignation four days later.
2018 - 2018 Liège attack: A gunman kills 3 people (including two female police officers) in the Belgian city of Liège before being killed by police.
2018 - Russian journalist Arkady Babchenko is initially reported to have been shot dead, but appears alive at a press conference the following day; the Ukrainian secret services say they had faked his murder to prevent an attempt on his life.
2018 - US TV network ABC cancels the recently returned show Roseanne after a row erupts over its main star Roseanne Barr's Twitter comments.
Births
Up to 1900
1265 β Dante Alighieri, Italian poet (d. 1321)
1439 - Pope Pius III (d. 1503)
1594 - Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, Bavarian field marshal (d. 1632)
1627 - Anne Marie Louise d'OrlΓ©ans, Duchess of Montpensier, French aristocrat (d. 1693)
1630 β Charles II, King of England, Ireland and Scotland (d. 1685)
1675 - Humphry Ditton, English mathematician (d. 1715)
1716 - Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton, French botanist (d. 1800)
1736 β Patrick Henry, 1st Governor of Virginia (d. 1799)
1773 β Princess Sophia of Gloucester (d. 1844)
1780 - Henri Braconnot, French chemist and pharmacist (d. 1855)
1794 - Johann Heinrich von Madler, German astronomer (d. 1874)
1823 - John H. Balsley, American carpenter and inventor (d. 1895)
1830 - Louise Michel, French author and anarchist (d. 1905)
1860 β Isaac AlbΓ©niz, Spanish composer (d. 1909)
1868 - AbdΓΌlmecid II, last Caliph of the Ottoman Dynasty (d. 1944)
1871 - Clark Greenwood Voorhees, American painter (d. 1933)
1873 - Rudolf Tobias, Estonian composer (d. 1918)
1874 β G. K. Chesterton, English novelist (d. 1936)
1880 β Oswald Spengler, German philosopher (d. 1936)
1892 - Alfonsina Storni, Swiss-Argentine poet (d. 1938)
1893 - Max Brand, American author (d. 1944)
1894 - Beatrice Lillie, Canadian actress (d. 1989)
1894 - Josef von Sternberg, Austrian-American director, producer and screenwriter (d. 1969)
1897 - Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Austrian composer (d. 1957)
1899 - Douglas Abbott, Canadian politician (d. 1987)
1901 1950
1903 β Bob Hope, British-born American comedian and actor (d. 2003)
1904 β Gregg Toland, American cameraman (d. 1948)
1905 β Sebastian Shaw, English actor, director and playwright (d. 1994)
1906 β T. H. White, English writer (d. 1964)
1911 β Armida, Mexican-American actress, singer and dancer (d. 1989)
1914 β Stacy Keach, Sr., American actor (d. 2003)
1914 β Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, Nepalese mountain guide, reached the top of Mount Everest with Edmund Hillary (d. 1986)
1917 β John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (d. 1963)
1919 β Jacques Genest, Canadian physician
1920 β John Harsanyi, Hungarian-born economist (d. 2000)
1923 β Bernard Clavel, French writer (d. 2010)
1924 β Lars Bo, Danish author and artist (d. 1999)
1924 β Behjat Sadr, Iranian painter (d. 2009)
1926 β Katie Boyle, British actress and television presenter (d. 2018)
1926 β Charles Denner, French actor (d. 1995)
1926 β Abdoulaye Wade, former President of Senegal
1928 β Jacques Taminiaux, Belgian philosopher
1929 β Peter Higgs, British physicist (Higgs boson) and Nobel Prize in Physics winner
1929 β Harry Frankfurt, American philosopher
1932 β Richie Guerin, American basketball player
1932 β Paul R. Ehrlich, American biologist and writer
1933 β Helmuth Rilling, German choral conductor and teacher
1934 β Bill Vander Zalm, Dutch-Canadian politician, 28th Premier of British Columbia
1935 β AndrΓ© Brink, South African writer (d. 2015)
1937 β Jasper Griffin, English classical philologist
1937 β Hibari Misora, Japanese actress (d. 1989)
1937 β Alwin SchockemΓΆhle, German showjumper
1938 β Christopher Bland, British businessman and politician (d. 2017)
1939 β Al Unser, American racing driver
1940 β Farooq Leghari, President of Pakistan (d. 2010)
1940 β Taiho Koki, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 2013)
1941 β Doug Scott, English mountaineer
1941 β Bob Simon, American television correspondent (d. 2015)
1942 β Pierre Bourque, Canadian politician, 40th Mayor of Montreal
1942 β Kevin Conway, American actor
1944 β Bob Benmosche, American businessman (d. 2015)
1944 β Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (d. 1983)
1944 β Quentin Davies, Baron Davies of Stamford, English politician
1945 β Gary Brooker, English singer-songwriter and pianist
1945 β Peter Fraser, Baron Fraser of Carmyllie, Scottish politician (d. 2013)
1945 β Catherine Lara, French singer-songwriter and violinist
1947 β Anthony Geary, American actor
1947 β Joey Levine, American singer-songwriter and producer
1947 β Gene Robinson, American bishop
1947 β Constantino Romero, Spanish radio host and actor (d. 2013)
1948 β Nick Mancuso, Italian-Canadian actor
1949 β Robert Axelrod, American actor
1949 β Francis Rossi, English musician (Status Quo)
1950 β Rebbie Jackson, American singer
1951 1975
1951 - Peter Chernin, President of News Corporation
1952 - Zeituni Onyango, Kenyan-American computer programmer (d. 2014)
1953 - Aleksandr Abdulov, Russian actor and director (d. 2008)
1953 β Danny Elfman, American singer, composer, musician ("Oingo Boingo")
1955 - Carme Forcadell, Catalan politician
1955 - Gordon Rintoul, Director of the National Museums of Scotland
1955 - Mike Porcaro, American musician (Toto) (d. 2015)
1955 β John Hinckley, Jr., American attempted assassin
1956 β La Toya Jackson, American singer
1956 - Mark Lyall Grant, English diplomat, UK Ambassador to the United Nations
1956 - Bjarni Fridriksson, Icelandic judoka
1957 - Ted Levine, American actor
1958 - Karen Maruyama, Japanese-American actress
1958 - Mike Stenhouse, American baseball player
1958 - Wayne Duvall, American actor
1958 β Annette Bening, American actress
1959 β Rupert Everett, English actor
1959 - Steve Hanley, Irish-English bass player and songwriter
1961 - Melissa Etheridge, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and activist
1962 - Fandi Ahmad, Singaporean footballer, coach and manager
1962 - Carol Kirkwood, Scottish weather presenter
1962 - Semino Rossi, Argentine-Italian singer
1963 - Blaze Bayley, English singer-songwriter (Iron Maiden)
1967 β Noel Gallagher, English musician (Oasis)
1970 - Roberto Di Matteo, Italian footballer and manager
1971 - Rob Womack, British paralympic athlete
1972 - Stanislas, French singer-songwriter
1972 - Bill Curley, American basketball player
1972 - Simon Jones, British singer and bass player
1975 β Melanie Brown, English singer (Spice Girls)
1975 - Sarah Millican, English comedienne
From 1976
1976 - Yegor Titov, Russian footballer
1977 β Massimo Ambrosini, Italian footballer
1977 β Marco Cassetti, Italian footballer
1977 - Antonio Lebo Lebo, Angolan footballer
1978 - Pelle Almqvist, Swedish singer-songwriter and bass player (The Hives)
1978 β SΓ©bastien Grosjean, French tennis player
1978 - Lorenzo Odone, Italian Adrenoleukodystrophy patient (d. 2008)
1978 - Adam Rickitt, English singer and actor
1979 β Arne Friedrich, German footballer
1979 - Brian Kendrick, American professional wrestler
1979 - Fonseca, Colombian singer
1981 β Andrei Arshavin, Russian footballer
1982 - Ana Beatriz Barros, Brazilian model
1982 - Joanne Borgella, American singer and model (d. 2014)
1982 β Anita Briem, Icelandic actress
1982 - Bjarte Myrhol, Norwegian handball player
1983 - Jean Makoun, Cameroonian footballer
1984 β Carmelo Anthony, American NBA basketball player
1985 - Hernanes, Brazilian footballer
1986 - Hornswoggle, American professional wrestler
1987 - Alessandra Torresani, American actress
1988 - Cheng Fei, Chinese gymnast
1988 - Steve Mason, Canadian ice hockey goaltender
1988 - Muath Al-Kasasbeh, Jordanian air force pilot (d. 2015)
1989 - Riley Keough, American model and actress
1989 - Brandon Mychal Smith, American actor, singer and dancer
1992 - Gregg Sulkin, British actor
1998 - Lucia Gil, Spanish singer and actress
Deaths
Up to 1950
1259 β King Christopher I of Denmark (b. 1219)
1379 - Henry II of Castile (b. 1334)
1425 β Hongxi Emperor of China (b. 1378)
1453 - Constantine XI Palaiologus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1404)
1500 - Bartolomeu Dias, Portuguese explorer (b. 1451)
1546 - David Beaton, Scottish cardinal and politician (b. 1494)
1814 β Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of France (b. 1763)
1829 β Humphrey Davy, British chemist (b. 1778)
1866 β Winfield Scott, American general (b. 1786)
1868 β Michael Obrenovich III of Serbia (b. 1823)
1883 - Princess Marianne of the Netherlands (b. 1810)
1892 β Baha'u'llah, founder of the Baha'i religion (b. 1817)
1903 - Bruce Price, American architect (b. 1845)
1910 - Mily Balakirev, Russian pianist, composer and conductor (b. 1837)
1911 - W. S. Gilbert, English playwright and poet (b. 1836)
1919 β Robert Bacon, 39th United States Secretary of State (b. 1860)
1931 - Michele Schirru, US citizen executed by an Italian military firing squad
1935 - Josef Suk, Czech violinist and composer (b. 1874)
1939 - Ursula Ledochowska, Austrian-Polish nun and saint (b. 1865)
1942 - John Barrymore, American actor (b. 1882)
1948 - May Whitty, English actress (b. 1865)
1951 2010
1951 β Fanny Brice, American singer and comedienne (b. 1891)
1958 β Juan Ramon Jimenez, Spanish writer (b. 1881)
1972 - Prithviraj Kapoor, Indian actor (b. 1901)
1973 - P. Ramlee, Malaysian actor, director, producer and composer (b. 1929)
1973 - George Harriman, English rugby player and Managing Director (b. 1908)
1977 - Ba Maw, Prime Minister of Burma (b. 1893)
1979 β Mary Pickford, Canadian-born actress (b. 1892)
1982 β Romy Schneider, Austrian-French actress (b. 1938)
1987 - Charan Singh, 5th Prime Minister of India (b. 1902)
1988 - Siaka Stevens, President of Sierra Leone (b. 1905)
1989 - John Cipollina, American guitarist (b. 1943)
1994 β Erich Honecker, East German political leader (b. 1913)
1996 - Tamara Toumanova, Russian-American ballerina and actress (b. 1919)
1997 β Jeff Buckley, American musician (b. 1966)
1998 β Barry Goldwater, United States Senator (b. 1909)
2004 - Archibald Cox, American lawyer and politician (b. 1912)
2008 β Luc Bourdon, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1987)
2009 β Karine Ruby, French snowboarder (b. 1978)
2010 β Dennis Hopper, American actor (b. 1936)
From 2011
2011 β Sergei Bagapsh, President of Abkhazia (b. 1949)
2011 β Ferenc Madl, President of Hungary (b. 1931)
2011 - Bill Clements, 42nd Governor of Texas (b. 1917)
2012 - Kaneto Shindo, Japanese director, producer and screenwriter (b. 1912)
2012 - Doc Watson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1923)
2013 - Mulgrew Miller, American pianist (b. 1955)
2013 - Franca Rame, Italian actress (b. 1929)
2014 - Karlheinz BΓΆhm, Austrian-German actor (b. 1928)
2014 - Walter Jakob Gehring, Swiss developmental biologist (b. 1939)
2014 - Christine Charbonneau, Canadian singer and songwriter (b. 1943)
2015 - Bruno Pesaola, Italian footballer (b. 1925)
2015 - Ed Gilligan, American financial executive, President of American Express (b. 1960)
2015 - Doris Hart, American tennis player (b. 1925)
2015 - Betsy Palmer, American actress (b. 1926)
2016 - Ralph Ketner, American businessman (b. 1920)
2016 - T. Marshall Hahn, American academic administrator (b. 1926)
2016 - Don McNay, American financial author and columnist (b. 1959)
2017 - Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1918)
2017 - Manuel Noriega, Panamanian military leader (b. 1934)
2017 - Mordechai Tzipori, Israeli general and politician (b. 1924)
2017 - Michael A'Hearn, American astronomer (b. 1940)
2018 - Yoseph Imry, Israeli physicist (b. 1939)
Observances
Democracy Day (Nigeria)
International UN Peacekeepers Day
Oak Apple Day (England)
Statehood Day (Rhode Island and Wisconsin)
Days of the year |
7460 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween | Halloween | Halloween is a celebration on the night of October 31st. It is most practiced in the United States and Canada. Children wear costumes and go to people's homes saying "Trick or treat!" to ask for candy (sweets in the UK) and people give it to them. The suggestion is: "Give me a treat or I will play a trick on you." People traditionally dress up as ghosts, witches, or other scary things for Halloween. Halloween for adults is not the same as it is for children. It is often referred to as βthe scariest time of the yearβ.
For Christians it is the eve of All Saints' Day, which begins the three-day observance of Allhallowtide. This covers the three days β October 31 (All-Hallows Eve or Hallowe'en), November 1 (All Saints) and November 2 (All Souls). All Hallows' is a Christianized holiday and originated in Ireland. It also has pagan roots.
Origins
Halloween originated from Ireland. The pagan holiday Samhain, which the All Saints holy day replaced, was also known as the Day of the Dead. Many wiccans and modern pagans celebrate the Day of the Dead. It is the day that some believed the souls of dead people come back to Earth. This is a happy holiday (even though it celebrates death) because some of the souls will visit the homes of their family. Pope Gregory III originally designated Halloween on November 1 as a time to honor all saints. Soon, All Saints Day incorporated some of the traditions of Samhain.
Many Lutheran churches celebrate a holiday on November 2 called the Reformation. This holiday celebrates the day that Martin Luther put The Ninety-Five Theses on a church door.
After mass Irish and Scottish immigration in the 19th century, Halloween became a major holiday in America.
The mystical rituals of earlier times evolved into more lighthearted fun and games. For example, the somewhat heavy concept of connecting to the dead was replaced with the more lighthearted idea of telling the future. Bobbing for apples, for example, became popular as a fortune-telling game on All Hallows' Eve: Apples would be selected to represent all of a woman's suitors, and the guyβer, appleβshe ended up biting into would supposedly represent her future husband. In fact, Halloween previously posed a huge matchmaking opportunity for young women in the 19th century.
Symbols
Development of symbols connected with Halloween formed with time. Jack-o'-lanterns are traditionally carried on All Hallows' Eve in order to scare evil spirits. Elements of the fall season, such as pumpkins, harvest, and scarecrows, are also common. Homes are often decorated with these types of symbols around Halloween. Halloween imagery includes themes of horror, magic and the supernatural. Black, and orange are Halloween's traditional colors.
Costumes
During Halloween some people, especially children, wear a costume. People have worn costumes at Halloween for centuries. Wearing a costume may come from Celtic festivals of Samhain and Calan Gaeaf. It could also be from the Christian Allhallowtide.
Early costumes were usually scary. They were often supernatural beings or from folklore. In the 1930s costumes of characters from literature, radio, or movies became popular, and such costumes are also popular today. Scary costumes are still popular.
Games and Other Activities
In addition to trick-or-treating, there are several traditional activities connected with Halloween.
In old times people would try to tell the future, especially to try to learn who they would marry.
People make Jack-o-lanterns and place them in front of their houses.
People play a game called apple bobbing. In this game apples are placed in water, and people must try to remove the apples with only their teeth.
Telling ghost stories, listening to Halloween-themed songs and watching horror films are common activities on Halloween. TV shows (with special shows usually for children) are commonly shown on or before Halloween, and new scary films are often released before Halloween.
Visiting a 'haunted attraction'. These are places like houses, farms, or forests, which are decorated in a scary way, and where actors in costumes make scenes to scare the visitors.
Decorating one's house and front yard. People will often decorate the front part of their houses with Halloween-themed symbols like ghosts, graves, and black and orange objects.
References
Other websites
Halloween's Bloody Legacy
Holidays |
7462 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frida%20Kahlo | Frida Kahlo | Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y CalderΓ³n (6 July 1907 β 13 July 1954), usually known as Frida Kahlo, was a Mexican painter. She was known for her surreal and very personal works. She was married to Diego Rivera, also a well-known painter.
She was born in CoyoacΓ‘n, Mexico. She had polio that left her disabled when she was 6 years old and some people think that she may have had spina bifida (a birth defect affecting the development of part of the spine) as well. She studied medicine and was going to become a doctor. Because of a traffic accident at age 18 which badly injured her, she had periods of severe pain for the rest of her life. After this accident, Kahlo no longer continued her medical studies but took up painting. She used ideas about things that had happened to her. Her paintings are often shocking in the way they show pain and the harsh lives of women, especially her feelings about not being able to have children. Fifty-five of her 143 paintings are of herself. She was also influenced by native Mexican culture, shown in bright colors, with a mixture of realism and symbolism. Her paintings attracted the attention of the artist Diego Rivera, whom she later married. She was openly bisexual and was a communist. She died of a pulmonary embolism caused by bronchopneumonia in CoyoacΓ‘n.
Kahlo's work is sometimes called "surrealist", and although she organized art shows several times with European surrealists, she herself did not like that label. Her attention to female themes, and the honesty in her painting them, made her something of a feminist cult figure in the last decades of the 20th century. Some of her work is seen at the Frida Kahlo Museum, found in her birthplace and home in suburban Mexico City.
Related pages
List of Mexican painters
References
1907 births
1954 deaths
Bisexual people
Communists
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Deaths from bronchopneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Mexico
LGBT artists
Mexican painters
People with disabilities |
7463 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932 | 1932 |
Events
Italy: the architect Giuseppe Terragni begins in Como the construction of the Casa del Fascio, completed in 1936, a masterpiece of Italian Rationalism.
London: the financer Amedeo Natoli publish the book Some of the most important features of the economic and financial situation in 1932, completed in 1932, a masterpiece of global Finance market.
Births
January 19 β Richard Lester
February 8 β John Williams
February 12 β Johnny Cash (d. 2003)
February 22 β Ted Kennedy (d. 2009)
March 2 β Gun HΓ€gglund, Swedish television star
March 4 β Ryszard KapuΕciΕski, Polish journalist (d. 2007)
March 4 β Frank Wells, American businessman, president of the Walt Disney Company (d. 1994)
April 27 β Casey Kasem, American radio show host, voice actor (d. 2014)
July 2 β Dave Thomas, founder of Wendy's fast food chain (d. 2002)
August 2 β Peter O'Toole (d. 2013)
September 25 β Adolfo SuΓ‘rez (d. 2014)
September 29 - Robert Benton
October 20 β William Christopher
November 13 β Richard Mulligan
November 29 β Jacques Chirac (d. 2019)
December 14 β Charlie Rich
Nobel Prizes
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine won by Charles Scott Sherrington, (1857 β 1952) and Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889 β 1977).
nv:1901 β 1950 |
7464 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear%20and%20Loathing%20in%20Las%20Vegas | Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas | Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream is a book written by Hunter S. Thompson. The book is based on an article Thompson wrote for Rolling Stone magazine. It was later made into a movie directed by Terry Gilliam and starring Johnny Depp and Benicio Del Toro.
The beginnings of the novel
What originally was a two-hundred-fifty-word photo-caption-job for Sports Illustrated grew to a novel-length feature story for Rolling Stone. Thompson said publisher Jann Wenner had "liked the first 20 or so jangled pages enough to take it seriously on its own terms and tentatively scheduled it for publication β which gave me the push I needed to keep working on it". He had first submitted a 2,500 word manuscript to Sports Illustrated that was "aggressively rejected".
Raoul Duke and Dr. Gonzo were based on Thompson and Acosta's life and experiences. Thompson wrote that he concluded their March trip by spending some thirty-six hours alone in a hotel room "feverishly writing in my notebook" about his experiences. The genesis of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream is in that notebook.
Plot
The novel does not have a clear plot. Frequently, it is difficult for a reader to know what is imaginary to the fictional characters and what is really happening as fact.
The story accounts for two trips to Las Vegas, Nevada, that Hunter S. Thompson and attorney Oscar Zeta Acosta took in March and April 1971. The first trip spawned from an exposΓ© Thompson was writing for Rolling Stone magazine about the Mexican-American television journalist Ruben Salazar, whom officers of the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office had shot and killed with a tear gas grenade fired at close range during the National Chicano Moratorium March against the Vietnam War in 1970. Thompson was using Acosta β a prominent Mexican-American political activist and attorney β as a central source for the story, and the two found it difficult for a brown-skinned Mexican to talk openly with a white reporter in the racially tense atmosphere of Los Angeles, California. The two needed a more comfortable place to discuss the story and decided to take advantage of a Sports Illustrated magazine offer to write photograph captions for the annual Mint 400 desert race being held in Las Vegas.
Weeks later, Thompson and Acosta returned to Las Vegas to report for Rolling Stone on the National District Attorneys Association's Conference on Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs being held from the April 25 to 29, 1971, and to add material to the larger Fear and Loathing narrative. Besides attending the attorneys' conference, Thompson and Acosta looked for ways in Vegas to explore the theme of the American Dream, which was the basis for the novel's second half, which Thompson referred at the time as "Vegas II". On April 29, 1971, he began writing the full manuscript in a hotel room in Arcadia, California, in his spare time while completing "Strange Rumblings in Aztlan", the article chronicling the slain Chicano journalist RubΓ©n Salazar.
Rolling Stone magazine cover article
In November 1971, Rolling Stone published the combined texts of the trips as Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream as a two-part article illustrated by Ralph Steadman, who, two years before, had worked with Thompson on a Scanlan's Monthly article titled "The Kentucky Derby is Decadent and Depraved".
Publication of book and reception
The next year, Random House quickly published the hardcover edition, with additional Steadman illustrations; The New York Times said it is "by far the best book yet on the decade of dope", with Tom Wolfe describing it as a "scorching epochal sensation".
1971 books
20th-century American novels
Las Vegas, Nevada in fiction
Works about drugs
Autobiographies |
7465 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Chapman | Graham Chapman | Graham Chapman (8 January 1941 β 4 October 1989) was a British actor, comedian and writer. He was most famous as a member of Monty Python. He was openly gay and was in a long-term relationship with writer David Sherlock. Chapman was born in Leicester. He studied medicine at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He died of oropharyngeal cancer in Maidstone, Kent.
References
1941 births
1989 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from oropharyngeal cancer
Disease-related deaths in Kent
English comedians
English movie actors
English physicians
English screenwriters
English television actors
English television writers
Entertainers from Leicestershire
Gay men
Monty Python
People from Leicester
Writers from Leicestershire |
7466 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Palin | Michael Palin | Sir Michael Edward Palin KCMG CBE (born 5 May 1943) is an English actor, comedian and author.
Palin was born in Broomhill, Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire. He studied modern history at Brasenose College, Oxford.
He became famous as a member of Monty Python in the 1970s. Afterwards he had his own television series, Ripping Yarns, and also appeared in many movies, such as A Fish Called Wanda. Over the last 20 years, he has become very well known as a television travel broadcaster ("Around The World in 80 Days", etc.).
Other websites
1943 births
Living people
Actors from Yorkshire
Alumni of the University of Oxford
BAFTA Award winners
British television writers
Comedians from Yorkshire
English movie actors
English television actors
English television presenters
English voice actors
Entertainers from Sheffield
Monty Python
Television personalities from Yorkshire
Writers from Yorkshire |
7467 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Jones | Terry Jones | Terence Graham Parry Jones (1 February 1942 β 21 January 2020) was a Welsh actor, writer, comedian, screenwriter, film director and historian. He was a member of Monty Python.
Jones was born on 1 February 1942 in Colwyn Bay, Denbighshire, Wales. He was married to Alison Telfer, and later to Anna SΓΆderstrΓΆm.
In September 2016 it was announced that Jones had been diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia, a rare form of dementia that impairs the ability to speak and communicate, and that he was no longer able to give interviews. On 21 January 2020, Jones died from problems caused by the disease, at his home in North London, aged 77.
References
Other websites
1942 births
2020 deaths
British historians
British screenwriters
Deaths from primary progressive aphasia
Monty Python
Welsh movie actors
Welsh television actors |
7469 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20%28state%29 | New York (state) | New York, officially the State of New York, is a state of the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies, which were the first thirteen states to make up the US. New York is in the northeastern United States, bordered by Lake Ontario and Canada on the north, Lake Erie and Canada on the west, Pennsylvania on the west and south, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut on the east, and New Jersey on the south in the eastern parts of the state.
New York was originally New Netherland, started by the Dutch Empire in the early 17th century. Late in the century, it surrendered to an English fleet during the Anglo-Dutch Wars and became part of the British Empire. About half the Dutch colony was given to neighboring English colonies. The Battle of Long Island, Battle of Saratoga, and other important battles of the American Revolution were fought in New York and it joined the new United States. The slave trade brought many black people into the state, where they were forced to work for white colonists.
The United States Census Bureau says that, as of 2005, New York had the fourth most people (population) in the United States, after California, Texas, and Florida. New York's estimated population is 19,297,729.
Cities
The biggest city in New York is also called New York, located in the south-eastern part of the state and built on the Hudson River; it is by far the biggest city in the U.S.. Part of New York City is on Long Island, a large island in the Atlantic Ocean, and another part of it is on Staten Island, which is to the southwest of Manhattan, the central business district. Most people living in New York state live in the New York metropolitan area, one of the world's biggest metropolitan areas, which also includes part of eastern New Jersey.
The larger part of New York, north and northwest of the metropolitan area, is called "Upstate New York". Cities in this part of New York include Buffalo, the state's second largest city, Rochester, Syracuse, and the state capital of Albany. These places became cities because of the Erie Canal. Between 1788 and 1797, the Legislature moved the state capital around between Albany, Kingston, Poughkeepsie, and New York City. Albany became the permanent capital from 1797.
Related pages
List of counties in New York
List of places in New York
References
1788 establishments in the United States |
7470 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling%20Stone | Rolling Stone | Rolling Stone is an American popular culture magazine. It mainly features articles about music, as well as sports, movies, and celebrities. It also features movie and album reviews, "greatest of all time" lists, and political editorials and commentary.
It was founded in 1967 in San Francisco, California.
Some of the magazine's famous staffers include Hunter S. Thompson, Peter Travers, Ralph Steadman, PJ O'Rourke, Cameron Crowe (whose experience for the magazine lead him to create the movie, Almost Famous), and Annie Leibowitz.
References
1967 establishments in the United States
American magazines
Music magazines |
7471 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Steadman | Ralph Steadman | Ralph Idris Steadman (born 15 May 1936) is a British cartoonist and illustrator. He is best known for his artwork for the books and articles of Hunter S. Thompson.
Personal life
Steadman was born in Salford, Manchester, and brought up in Towyn, North Wales. He went to Ysgol Emrys Ap Iwan (high school), Abergele, East Ham Technical College and the London College of Printing during the 1970s. There, he did freelance work for Punch, Private Eye, the Daily Telegraph, The New York Times and Rolling Stone.
Steadman lives with his wife in Kent, England.
References
Other websites
British Cartoon Archive, University of Kent has a database with over 100 cartoons by Ralph Steadman
Interview with Ralph Steadman by Laurie Taylor in New Humanist magazine
Interview with Ralph Steadman by Jake McGee in Kotori Magazine
Steadman, Ralph
British illustrators
1949 births
Living people
People from Manchester |
7472 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia | Tunisia | Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in North Africa. Tunis is its capital.
History
Before the Muslims
Since history has been recorded, there were Berber tribes living in what is now Tunisia. Most of them built little towns and ports along the coastline so they could trade with different travellers from everywhere in the Mediterranean Sea.
Most of the travellers that used to pass by Tunisia were Phoenicians who started to settle on the Tunisian coast during the 10th Century BC.
Later, in the 8th Century BC, Carthage was built by some settlers that came from Phoenicia and regions abroad.
After many wars against Greece in 6th Century BC, Carthage dominated the Mediterranean Sea.
During the Second Punic War, Carthage invaded Italy with an army led by Hannibal.
The series of wars between the Roman Empire and Carthage ended with the destruction of Carthage in the 2nd Century BC. Its territory in Africa became part of the Africa Province of the Roman Empire.
When the Roman Empire became weak, the Vandals occupied that region. This was in the 5th Century AD, and one hundred years after that, it became under the control of the Byzantine emperor Justinian.
Beginning of Islam
In the 7th Century, it was conquered by the Arab Muslims who built a city which they called Kairouan. This was the first Arab Muslim city in Tunisia. Many Muslim dynasties (monarchies) ruled Tunisia. One of the best known dynasties was the Zirids dynasty. The Zirids were Berber people and followed the rules of the Fatimides, a bigger dynasty in Cairo.
When the Zirids angered the Fatimides, the Fatimides sent some tribes known as Banu Hilal who ravaged (destroyed and vandalized) Tunisia.
After a brief occupation of Tunisia by the Normans of Sicily in the 12th Century, the Almohad re-conquered it. After that came the Hafsids.
In the last years of their reign, the Hafsids became weak and Spain took control of many cities on the coast until they were finally occupied by the Ottoman Empire.
In 1705, Tunisia became virtually independent during the Hussein dynasty, but still had to follow orders from the Ottoman Empire.
French Occupation
Some controversial financial decisions (money-lending) taken by the Bey in mid-1800s in an attempt to repair the country led Tunisia to become under the control of France.
Tunisia became officially a French protectorate in on May 12, 1881, but with the strong opposition of the kingdom of Italy because there was a huge Italian community in Tunisia.
World War II
Important parts of the North African Campaign of World War II were fought in Tunisia from 1941 to 1943.
General Erwin Rommel, the German commander in Africa, wished to defeat the Allies in Tunisia, as the Germans had done in the Battle of France when the Allies were inexperienced against the German Blitzkrieg. On February 19, 1943, Rommel launched an attack against the U.S. Forces, with his German and Italian troops, in the western area of Tunisia. That was a disaster for the United States.
After that, the Allies understood the importance of tank warfare. With better supplies than the Germans, they easily broke into the German lines in southern Tunisia on March 20, 1943. In May 11, 1943 the last German troops surrendered, followed two days later by the Italian troops.
Independence and revolution
Tunisia became independent in 1956 with the former Bey of Tunis as King. Prime Minister Habib Bourguiba became the first president in 1957 when it became a republic. Bourguiba focused on education and economic development. He was supportive of women's rights. However, he had a cult of personality around him and most of the power in the country was held by Bourguiba.
In 1987, Bourguiba was removed from power by Zine el Abidine Ben Ali. Ben Ali ruled as dictator of the country until 2011, when he was overthrown in a revolution. The revolution was the first major revolution of the Arab Spring. Tunisia began becoming more democratic, and in 2014, the country held its first free presidential election. The election was won by Beji Caid Essebsi, a secular, liberal candidate.
Geography
Tunisia is in the northern part of Africa. The Mediterranean Sea joins Tunisia in the north and east; the coastline of Tunisia on the Mediterranean Sea is about 1,300Β km. Tunisia is also bordered by Algeria to the west and Libya to the south-east.
The Sahara Desert covers 40% of Tunisia. The other 60% is a fertile area.
Demographics
Standard Arabic is the official language by the Tunisian constitution. But Tunisians speak Tunisian Arabic.
Tunisian Arabic is a mix of many languages of people that live or lived in Tunisia. It is called Darija or Tunsi.
A small number of people living in Tunisia still speak a Berber dialect, known as Shelha.
Most people now living Tunisia are Maghrebin Arab. However, small groups of Berbers and Jews live in Tunisia.
The constitution says that Islam is the official state religion. It also requires the President to be Muslim.
Governorates
Tunisia is divided into 24 governorates. They are:
Cities
The largest cities in Tunisia are:
Economy
Tunisia's economy has many sectors: agriculture (fruit, vegetable oil and vegetables), tourism (when people come from other countries to visit), mining (extracting goods from under the ground), and petroleum (fuel and gas oil).
The government used to control the economy, but now it has sold some public companies. This is called privatization.
Tunisia was also the first Mediterranean country to make an agreement with the European Union. This association agreement was signed on March 1, 1995.
Tunisia has plans for two nuclear power stations, to be working by 2019.
References
Notes
Other websites
Government
Tunisia Government official site
Tunisia Chamber of Deputies official site
News
The North Africa Journal business news
Tunisia Media Online government-sourced
News and Views of the Maghreb
AllAfrica.comβTunisia news headline links
Overviews
BBC News Country ProfileβTunisia
Encyclopedia Britannica, TunisiaβCountry Page
Tunisia on arab.net
CIA World FactbookβTunisia
Open Directory ProjectβTunisia directory category
country info & who's who
Other
Tunisland The Biggest Video Website For Everything Tunisian
Everything about Tunisia
Nawaat
Tunisian online demonstration as protest against dictatorship
For the liberation of Political Prisoners in Tunisia
TunisiaOnline
The Tunisian law from Jurispedia
Tunisia Daily
List of catholic marriages in Tunisia 1801β1949
Tunisia Today
Tunisian Community Center (the Organization of Tunisian-Americans)
Tunisia Postcards
Tunisia -Citizendium
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1956 establishments in Africa |
7473 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972 | 1972 | 1972 (MCMLXXII) was .
Events
February 17 β U.S. President Richard Nixon visits China.
May 15 β Governor George C. Wallace of Alabama is shot by Arthur H. Bremer at a Laurel, Maryland political rally.
June 13-22 β Hurricane Agnes strikes Florida and moves through the East Coast of the United States. In Pennsylvania and New York, Agnes causes heavy flooding that kills many people. Total damage from the storm is $3 billion.
June 29 β The United States Supreme Court rules that the death penalty is unconstitutional.
July 25 β The first newspaper stories about the Tuskegee syphilis experiment are published. This will lead to the end of the experiment, where poor African-Americans were infected with syphilis and not given treatment.
September 17 β The television comedy series M*A*S*H premieres in the United States.
Writer and pen club president Heinrich BΓΆll receives the Nobel Prize for literature.
Births
January 2 β Adam Elliot, Australian animator
January 11 β Amanda Peet, American actress
January 16 - Greg Page, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
February 17 β Billie Joe Armstrong, American singer (Green Day)
February 17 β Yuki Isoya, Japanese singer (Judy and Mary)
March 6 β Shaquille O'Neal, professional basketball player, actor and rapper
March 7 - Simon Pryce, Australian musician (The Wiggles)
March 15 β Mark Hoppus, American musician (Blink 182)
March 17 β Oksana Grishuk, Ukrainian figure skater
March 23 β Jonas BjΓΆrkman, Swedish tennis player
April 17 β Jennifer Garner, American actress
April 20 β Carmen Electra, American model
May 2 β Dwayne Johnson, Retired professional wrestler and actor
May 4 β Mike Dirnt, American musician (Green Day)
May 6 β Martin Brodeur, Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender
June 23 β Zinedine Zidane, French footballer
August 6 β Geri Halliwell, English singer (Spice Girls)
August 9 β Juan Esteban AristizΓ‘bal VΓ‘squez, Colombian singer ad songwriter
August 15 β Ben Affleck, American actor
August 25 β Rachael Ray, American talk show host and cook
August 27 β Denise Lewis, English athlete
August 27 β Dalip Singh Rana, Indian professional wrestler and actor
August 30 β Cameron Diaz, American actress
September 7 - Simon Nash, English actor
September 28 β Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress
October 17 β Eminem, American rapper
December 9 β TrΓ© Cool, American musician (Green Day)
December 19 β Alyssa Milano, American actress
December 28 β Pat Rafter, Australian tennis player
Deaths
January 16 β Ross Bagdasarian, American pianist and actor (b. 1919)
April 27 β Kwame Nkrumah, first President of Ghana (b. 1909)
May 5 β Martiros Saryan, Russian-Armenian painter (b. 1880)
May 28 β HRH the Duke of Windsor, formerly Edward VIII King of the United Kingdom (b. 1894)
December 26 β Harry S. Truman, 33rd President of the United States (b. 1884)
December 27 β Lester Pearson, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1897)
Movies released
Deliverance
Super Fly
The Godfather
The Posiedon Adventure
What's Up, Doc
Hit songs
"People Need Love" β ABBA
"He Is Your Brother" β ABBA
"Starman" β David Bowie
"Take It Easy" β The Eagles
"Jealous Guy" β John Lennon
"All The Young Dudes" β Mott the Hoople
"You're So Vain" β Carly Simon
"Me and Julio Down By The Schoolyard" β Paul Simon
"Mother and Child Reunion" β Paul Simon
"Duncan" β Paul Simon
"America" β Simon and Garfunkel
"You Wear It Well" β Rod Stewart
"Ben"- Michael Jackson
"Parle plus bas (Le Parrain)"- Dalida
"Les choses de l'amour"- Dalida
"Baby Don't Get Hooked on Me" β Mac Davis
"For Emily, Whenever I May Find Her" β Simon and Garfunkel
"American Pie" β Don McLean
"Horse With No Name" β America
"Ventura Highway" β America
"Crocodile Rock" β Elton John
"Rocket Man" β Elton John
"Layla" β Derek & the Dominoes
"Rock & Roll Part 2" β Gary Glitter
"You Don't Mess Around With Jim" β Jim Croce
"The Candyman" β Sammy Davis Jr.
"Lean on Me" β Bill Withers
"Freddie's Dead (Theme From Superfly)" β Curtis Mayfield
"If You Don't Know Me By Now" β Harold Melvin & the Bluenotes
"I Gotcha" β Joe Tex
"Without You" β Harry Nilsson
"Let's Stay Together" β Al Green
"Brand New Key" β Melanie
"Signs" β The Drifters
"My Ding-A-Ling" β Chuck Berry
"Morning Has Broken" β Cat Stevens
"I Can See Clearly Now" β Johnny Nash
"The First Time I Ever Saw Your Face" β Roberta Flack
"I'll Take You There" β The Staple Singers
"Brandy (You're a Fine Girl)" β Looking Glass
"Long Cool Woman (In a Black Dress)" β Hollies
Papa Was a Rollin' Stone β The Temptations
"Heart of Gold" β Neil Young
"Alone Again (Naturally)" β Gilbert O'Sullivan
"Nights in White Satin" β The Moody Blues
"Back Stabbers" β The O'Jays
"I'm Stone in Love With You" β The Stylistics
"I Am Woman" β Helen Reddy
"I Gotcha" β Joe Tex
"Song Sung Blue" β Neil Diamond
"The Candy Man" β Sammy Davis Jr.
"The Lion Sleeps Tonight" β Robert John
"Rock and Roll" β Led Zeppelin
"Metal Guru" β T.Rex
"Two Divided By Love" β The Grass Roots
"Burning Love" β Elvis Presley
"Joy" β Apollo 100
New books
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas β Hunter S. Thompson
Other websites |
7474 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979 | 1979 | 1979 (MCMLXXIX) was .
Events
January 4 β The State of Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of the dead and injured in the Kent State shootings
February 1 β Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile
March 4 β The U.S. Voyager 1 spaceprobe photos show Jupiter's rings
April 1 β Iran's government becomes an Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially
May 1 β Greenland is given limited autonomy from Denmark. The new Parliament of Greenland will meet in Nuuk.
June 18 β Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II agreement in Vienna
July 16 β Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and Vice President Saddam al-Tikriti replaces him
August 3 β Dictator Francisco MacΓas Nguema of Equatorial Guinea is overthrown in a bloody coup d'Γ©tat led by Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
September 1 β The American Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000Β km
September 7 β The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for $1 billion to avoid bankruptcy
September 7 β ESPN starts broadcasting
September 16 β Three families flee from East Germany by balloon
September 20 β French paratroopers help David Dacko to overthrow Bokassa
September 22 β The South Atlantic Flash is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test
October 14 β A major gay rights march in the United States takes place in Washington, DC, involving many tens of thousands of people
October 16 β 23 people die in Nice, France, when the coastal town is hit by a tsunami
October 21 β 259 Muslim radicals occupy Kaaba and the Grand Mosque in Mecca. Saudi-Arabian army goes in to expel them
October 26 β South Korean president Park Chunghee killed by KCIA head Kim Jaekyu
October 27 β Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains independence
October 29 β Pope John Paul II visits Ireland
November 5 β The radio news program Morning Edition premieres on National Public Radio in the United States
December 5 β Jack Lynch resigns as Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland. He is succeeded by Charles Haughey.
December 15 β Chris Haney and Scott Abbott develop the board game Trivial Pursuit
Births
January 2 β Morena Baccarin, Brazilian actress
January 12 β MariΓ‘n Hossa, Slovakian hockey player
January 16 β Aaliyah, American singer (d. 2001)
January 20 β Will Young, English singer and actor
January 26 β Sara Rue, American actress
February 9 β Irina Slutskaya, Russian figure skater
February 11 β Brandy Norwood, American singer
February 21 β Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress
March 8 β Tom Chaplin, English singer (Keane)
March 9 β Melina Perez, American wrestler
March 12 β Pete Doherty, English musician
March 27 β Hiromu Shinozuka, Japanese manga artist
April 4
Heath Ledger, Australian actor (d. 2008)
Roberto Luongo, Canadian hockey player
April 5 β Timo Hildebrand, German footballer
April 24 β Marie Picasso, Swedish model and singer
May 9 β Pierre Bouvier, Canadian musician
May 15 β Dominic Scott, Irish guitarist
May 16 β Prince Carl Philip of Sweden
May 26 β Ashley Massaro American model and wrestler
May 29 β Arne Friedrich German footballer
August 3 β Evangeline Lilly, Canadian actress
August 16 β Cleo Lemon, American NFL player
September 13 β Manuel Friedrich, German footballer
September 17 β Chuck Comeau, Canadian musician
October 1 - Florin Salam, Romanian singer
October 3 β John Hennigan, American wrestler
October 8 β Kristanna Loken, American actress
November 14 β Michael Owen, English footballer
November 27 β Hilary Hahn, American violinist
December 26 β Chris Daughtry, American singer
Deaths
January 3 β Conrad Hilton, American hotelier (b. 1887)
January 16 β Ted Cassidy, American actor (b. 1932)
January 26 β Nelson Rockefeller, American politician and businessman (b. 1908)
February 2 β Sid Vicious, English musician (b. 1957)
February 7 β Josef Mengele, Nazism war criminal (b. 1911)
March 30 β JosΓ© MarΓa Velasco Ibarra, 24th President of Ecuador (b. 1893)
April 4 β Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Pakistani politician
May 25 β American Airlines Flight 191 casualties
June 11 β John Wayne, American actor (b. 1907)
July 3 β Louis Durey, French composer (b. 1988)
August 3 β Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
September 28 β John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist (b. 1921)
September 29 β Francisco MacΓas Nguema, first President of Equatorial Guinea (executed) (b. 1924)
October 26 β Pak ChΕng HΕi, President of the Republic of Korea (b. 1917)
November 1 β Mamie Eisenhower, American First Lady (b. 1896)
November 25 β Ky Ebright, American Olympic rowing coach (b. 1894)
December 27 β Hafizullah Amin, President of Afghanistan (b. 1929)
Nobel Prizes
Nobel Prize in Physics shared by Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, and Steven Weinberg for their work on electroweak interactions
Nobel Prize in Chemistry shared by Herbert C. Brown and Georg Wittig for their work with organoboranes
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine shared by Allan McLeod Cormack and Godfrey N. Hounsfield for their work on X-ray computed tomography
Nobel Prize in Literature won by Odysseas Elytis, Greek poet
Nobel Peace Prize won by Mother Teresa
Nobel Prize in Economics β Theodore Schultz, American economist, and W. Arthur Lewis, Saint Lucian economist
Movies released
10
Alien, important for science fiction types of movie
The Amityville Horror based on Jay Anson's novel
Apocalypse Now, written by Francis Ford Coppola and John Milius
Kramer vs. Kramer, winner of 5 Academy Awards
Monty Pythonβs Life of Brian
The Muppet Movie
Mad Max
Rocky II
Star Trek: The Motion Picture
The Warriors, a cult movie
Hit songs
"A Message To You Rudi/Nite Klub" β The Specials
"Accidents Will Happen" β Elvis Costello and the Attractions
"After the Love Has Gone" β Earth, Wind & Fire
"Ambition" β Vic Goddard and the Subway Sect
"Bad Case Of Loving You(Doctor Doctor)" β Robert Palmer
"Bang Bang" β B.A. Robertson
"Bat out of Hell" β Meat Loaf
"Boogie Wonderland" β Earth Wind and Fire with the Emotions
"Born To Be Alive" β Patrick Hernandez
"Boys Don't Cry" β The Cure
"Boys Keep Swinging" β David Bowie
"Breakfast In America" β Supertramp
"Bright Side Of The Road" β Van Morrison
"California Γber Alles" β The Dead Kennedys
"Can You Feel The Force" β The Real Thing
"Can't Stand Losing You" β The Police
"Chiquitita" β ABBA
"Comme disait Mistinguett" β Dalida
"Computer Games" β Mi-Sex
"Cool for Cats" β Squeeze
"Crazy Little Thing Called Love" β Queen
"Cruel To Be Kind" β Nick Lowe
"Dance Away" β Roxy Music
"Death Disco" β Public Image Limited
"Do Anything You Wanna Do" β Thin Lizzy
"Does Your Mother Know?" β ABBA
"Don't Do Me Like That" β Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
"Don't Stop Me Now" β Queen
"Dreaming" β Blondie
"Driver's Seat" β Sniff and the Tears
"Duchess" β The Stranglers
"Electricity" β OMD
"Eton Rifles" β The Jam
"Every Day Hurts" β Sad Cafe
"Everybody's Happy Nowadays" β The Buzzcocks
"Gangsters" β The Specials AKA
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!" β ABBA
"Girls Talk" β Dave Edmunds
"Go West" β Village People
"Gonna Get Along Without You Now" β Viola Wills
"Goodbye Stranger" β Supertramp
"H.A.P.P.Y. Radio" β Edwin Starr
"He must have been eighteen" β Dalida
"Helwa Ya Baladi" β Dalida
"Here Comes The Summer" β The Undertones
"Highway to Hell" β AC/DC
"I Don't Like Mondays" β The Boomtown Rats
"I Only Wanna Be With You" β The Tourists
"I Have A Dream" β ABBA
"Il faut danser reggae" β Dalida
"In The Navy" β Village People
"Into The Valley" β The Skids
"Is It Love You're After?" β Rose Royce
"Is She Really Going Out With Him?" β Joe Jackson
"Jimmy Jimmy" β The Undertones
"Just The Way You Are" β Barry White
"Just What I Needed" β The Cars
"Lady Writer" β Dire Straits
"Lay Your Love On Me" β Racey
"Let me dance tonight" β Dalida
"Let's Go" β The Cars
"London Calling" β The Clash
"Lucky Number" β Lene Lovich
"Making Plans For Nigel" β XTC
"Milk And Alcohol" β Dr. Feelgood
"Monday, Tuesday... Laissez-moi danser" β Dalida
"Morning Dance" β Spyro Gyra
"Oliver's Army" β Elvis Costello and the Attractions
"On My Radio" β The Selector
"One Step Beyond" β Madness
"On The Inside β Lynne Hamilton
"Parisenne Walkways" β Gary Moore
"Problemorama (L'Argent... L'Argent...)" β Dalida
"Reasons To Be Cheerful (Part 3)" β Ian Dury and the Blockheads
"Rikki Don't Lose That Number" β Steely Dan
"Roll Over Beethoven(EP)" β Chuck Berry
"Roxanne" β The Police
"Sarah" β Thin Lizzy
"Slap And Tickle" β Squeeze
"Smash It Up" β The Damned
"Something Else/Friggin' In The Riggin'" β The Sex Pistols
"Spiral Scratch(EP)" β The Buzzcocks
"Stop Your Sobbing" β Pretenders
"Sultans Of Swing" β Dire Straits
"Take Me To The River" β Talking Heads
"Tears Of A Clown/Ranking Full Stop" β The Beat
"The Ballad Of Lucy Jordan" β Marianne Faithfull
"The Cost Of Living(EP)" β The Clash
"The Logical Song" β Supertramp
"The Long Run" β The Eagles
"Transmission" β Joy Division
"Union City Blue" β Blondie
"Up The Junction" β Squeeze
"Vedrai Vedrai" β Dalida
"Voulez-Vous" β ABBA
"We Are Family" β Sister Sledge
"Whatever You Want" β Status Quo
"Wonderful Christmastime" β Paul McCartney
"You Decorated My Life" β Kenny Rogers
"You Needed Me" β Anne Murray
New books
Douglas Adams β The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
V. C. Andrews β Flowers in the Attic
David Attenborough β Life on Earth
L. Sprague de Camp, editor β The Blade of Conan
Stephen King β The Dead Zone |
7476 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia | Malaysia | Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, largest city and the seat of the legislative branch of the federal government. The nearby planned capital of Putrajaya is the administrative capital; which represents the seat of both the executive branch (Cabinet, federal ministries and agencies) and the judicial branch of the federal government. With a population of over 110 million, Malaysia is the world's 43rd-most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia is in Tanjung Piai. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to a number of endemic species.
The country isΒ multi-ethnicΒ andΒ multi-cultural, with most people being Malay, but there are also Chinese and Indians. Its official language is Malay written in the Latin alphabet. English is a recognised language and also the official language in Sarawak state along with Malay. Tamil and Chinese is also often used. There are over 130 other languages spoken in Malaysia, with 94 in Malaysian Borneo and 40 on the peninsula. Islam is the official religion, but non-Malay citizens have the freedom to practice other religions.
History
Between China and India, Malaysia was an ancient trading place. When Europeans came to this area, Malacca became an important trade port.
The states of Malaysia became a colony of the British Empire, starting with Penang in 1786. The peninsular part became independent on 31 August 1957 as the Federation of Malaya. In September 1963, Malaya, Singapore and the Borneo part joined together to become Malaysia. In 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation and declared independence.
Politics and economy
Malaysia has 13 states, which are Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Terengganu, and three federal territories, Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan. The number of points of the star on the flag represents the number of states Malaysia has, but it has 14 because Singapore was one of the states in Malaysia during its creation. The 14th point now represents the federal territories, called Wilayah Persekutuan. The head of state of Malaysia is known as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, otherwise called the "King of Malaysia". That title is currently held by Sultan Abdullah of Pahang. Malaysia's head of government is the Prime Minister. Its current prime minister is Ismail Sabri Yaakob. It also has a parliament and a court system. It is a founding member of ASEAN.
Cities
The following is a list of places in Malaysia. They are in order by the date they were given city status.
George Town (1 January 1957)
Kuala Lumpur (1 February 1972)
Ipoh (27 May 1988)
Kuching (1 August 1988)
Johor Bahru (1 January 1994)
Kota Kinabalu (2 February 2000)
Shah Alam (10 October 2000)
Melaka City (15 April 2003)
Alor Setar (21 December 2003)
Miri (20 May 2005)
Petaling Jaya (20 June 2006)
Kuala Terengganu (1 January 2008)
Iskandar Puteri (22 November 2017)
Seberang Perai (16 September 2019)
Seremban (20 January 2020)
Subang Jaya (20 October 2020)
Pasir Gudang (22 November 2020)
Kuantan (21 February 2021)
Sandakan (22 February 2022)
Religion
Malaysia is a multi-religious society, and Islam is the largest population of believers. Most of the Malay people in Malaysia embrace Islam naturally as their religion. Besides Islam, Malaysia has other religions such as Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism.
Culture
Malaysia is a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multilingual society, consisting of 65% Malays and other indigenous tribes, 25% Chinese, 7% Indians. The Malays, which form the largest community, are all Muslims since one has to be Muslim to be legally Malay under Malaysian law. The Malays play a dominant role politically and are included in a grouping identified as bumiputera.
Food and drink
Many cultures from within the country and from surrounding areas have influenced the cuisine. Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese, Indian, Thai, Javanese, and Sumatran cultures,Β largely because the country was part of the ancientΒ spice route.
Food from one culture is sometimes also cooked using ways taken from another culture, for example,Β shrimp pasteΒ (belacan) andΒ sambalΒ are commonly used by Chinese restaurants for cooking. This means that although much of Malaysian food can be traced back to a certain culture, they have their own identity.Β Rice is popular in many dishes. Chili is commonly found in local cuisine, although this does not necessarily make them spicy. Examples are laksa, which is a spicy noodle dish common in Malaysia and teh tarik, which is a popular drink.
Sports
Malaysia's national sports centre is the Bukit Jalil Sports Complex. Nicol David (squash) and Lee Chong Wei (badminton) are notable athletes from Malaysia. Malaysia won 12 gold medals in the Commonwealth Games 2010 in India, and broke their Commonwealth Games target.
Transport
Malaysia's road network covers 98,721Β kilometres (61,342Β mi) and includes 1,821Β kilometres (1,132Β mi) of expressways. The longest highway of the country, the North-South Expressway, extends over 800Β kilometres (497Β mi) between the Thai border and Singapore. The road systems in Sabah and Sarawak are less developed and of lower quality in comparison to that of Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysia has 118 airports, of which 38 are paved. The official airline of Malaysia is Malaysia Airlines, providing international and domestic air service alongside two other carriers. The railway system is state-run, and covers a total of 1,849Β kilometres (1,149Β mi). There are also Light Rail Transit in Kuala Lumpur.
Related pages
States of Malaysia
List of rivers of Malaysia
Malaysia at the Olympics
Malaysia national football team
Kuala Lumpur International Airport
References
Other websites
Malaysian Government Portal
Malaysian maps
Malaysia Travel Guide - Most comprehensive travel guide to Malaysia attractions
1963 establishments in Asia
States and territories established in the 1960s
Current monarchies
Members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation |
7479 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%20Mouse | Mickey Mouse | Mickey Mouse is an American cartoon character created in 1928 at Walt Disney Animation Studios. The character serves as the mascot of The Walt Disney Company.
He is the Walt Disney company's mascot. He is the main character in Fantasia. Mickey Mouse also has television shows with other characters including Donald Duck, Goofy, Minnie Mouse, and Pluto. Minnie Mouse is his girlfriend. His birthday is November 18, 1928. This is the same day as Minnie Mouse.
Pets
Mickey Mouse has a pet; a dog named Pluto. Pluto has 5 puppies with Minnie's dog Fifi.
Mickey's friends
Minnie Mouse (Girlfriend)
Donald Duck (Best friend)
Goofy (2nd Best friend)
Pluto (Pet)
Daisy Duck (Friend)
Related pages
Walt Disney Pictures
List of Disney movies
Sources
Fictional mice and rats
Kingdom Hearts characters
Mickey Mouse universe characters
Fictional American people
1928 births |
7480 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV | HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of virus called a retrovirus, which infects the human immune system (the system in the body which is in charge of fighting off illness). HIV may cause AIDS (a collection of diseases and symptoms) by eventually killing the white blood cells which a healthy body uses to fight off diseases.
How people get infected
It is possible that a person can get infected with HIV if any body liquid with the virus gets into their body. The body liquids that carry HIV are blood, semen, liquid from the vagina, and breast milk. The liquids can go into the body through injured skin. The liquids can also enter through the mouth, eyes, nose, vagina, anus, or penis. However, though HIV might enter the body through any of these places, when people get HIV by having sex, the virus usually enters the body through the vagina or anus.
There are some common ways to get HIV:
A person with HIV can give a sexual partner the virus if they have unprotected sex. That means having sexual intercourse without a condom.
A person can get HIV if he or she uses the same needle as a person with HIV to inject drugs or get a tattoo.
A person may get HIV if he or she is stuck by a needle that was used on a patient with HIV.
Babies can get the virus from their mothers when they are born or when they are breastfeeding. A baby may be protected from getting HIV this way if their mother takes certain medications while she is pregnant.
Blood transfusions using infected blood products was a common cause of HIV. The blood had been taken from people with HIV infections. Now, in the developed world screening of blood products for HIV has mostly stopped this happening. However, people may still get HIV from blood transfusions in less-developed countries if blood is not screened carefully.
A person cannot get infected with HIV from non-sexual touching, like a hug or handshake, or touching someone else's saliva. A person cannot get HIV from an insect bite, a cough, or a sneeze. People also cannot get HIV from touching light switches, using toilets, or drinking from the same glass as a person with HIV.
Data
a Other studies found insufficient evidence that male circumcision protects against HIV infection among men who have sex with men
b Oral trauma, sores, inflammation, concomitant sexually transmitted infections, ejaculation in the mouth, and systemic immune suppression may increase HIV transmission rate.
β "best-guess estimate"
β‘ Pooled transmission probability estimate.
Bracketed values represent 95% confidence interval.
Treatment
Drug treatment
HIV causes a person to become more prone to illness, so infected people need treatment options. However, there is no cure for HIV. To help ease negative symptoms, drugs called anti-retroviral therapy (ART) are available. This treatment is also called high active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). HAART treatment begins with one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and two nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). The NRTI drug could be named zidovudine (AZT), tenofovir (TDF), andlamivudine (3TC), or emtricitabine (FTC).
These drugs slow the progression of the HIV virus in the body. Usually, these treatments consist of a combination of three or more drugs, and each drug performs a different job in fighting the virus. In general, HAART prevents the HIV from multiplying and destroying CD4 cells. CD4 cells are necessary to help protect the body from infections and cancer. Since the HIV virus destroys CD4 cells, it causes people with HIV to be more prone to illness.
It is recommended to start HAART if a person has HIV and has a CD4 cell count of less than or equal to 350 cells/mm3. This number can be determined by a doctor. A personβs age, sex, and other infections determine which treatment he or she should take. These medication regimens can help HIV-infected people live longer, healthier lives, and can also help prevent the HIV from advancing to AIDS.
General treatment
There has been controversy surrounding when the correct time to start therapy should be after a person discovers that he or she has HIV. Recently, the answer has been that earlier treatment is recommended. This is because, first, effective therapy can prevent non-AIDS-related deaths. Second, therapy can prevent harm to a personβs immune system. Third, therapy can help prevent transmission of HIV to others, and can therefore reduce HIV prevalence overall. Although there are some negative side effects of antiretroviral medications, the benefits of therapy usually outweigh the negative effects.
Effects of therapy
Patients on HAART have reported significant improvements in physical health, emotional health, mental health, and daily function compared to HIV-positive patients not yet on treatment. Most research has occurred in developing countries, and little research has been done on the impacts of ART on household wellbeing.
Although HAART can be an effective means to treating HIV, there can be many negative side effects. Negative side effects can vary by drug, by ethnicity, and by drug interactions in the body. The following list contains the most common and serious negative side effects associated with HAART medications to treat HIV.
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Lactic acidosis, hepatic steatosis, and body fat redistribution (lipodystrophy)
Fever, headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue
Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Fatigue, mood changes, liver function, insomnia
May have significant interactions with other drugs; dosage adjustments would be required
Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
Metabolic abnormalities including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and lipodystrophy
May increase risk of bleeding in hemophiliacs
Rash, diarrhea, vomiting, taste perversion, fatigue
May have significant interactions with other drugs; dosage adjustment would be required
Fusion Inhibitors
Injection site reactions, neutropenia, increased frequency of pneumonia
Chemokine Coreceptor Antagonists
Diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, headache, liver function, joint pain
Integrase Inhibitors
Nausea, diarrhea, headache, rash
Pharmacokinetic Enhancers
Increased serum creatinine, proteinuria, nausea, diarrhea
Alternative therapy
Many people living with HIV have tried using alternative treatment methods, known as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Some types of CAM include stress management, natural health products, massage/therapeutic touch, acupuncture, and homeopathy. Stress management can increase quality of life for a person with HIV. Even with little evidence of its effectiveness, many people chose to try CAM because of the many negative side effects associated with HAART and the few negative side effects associated with CAM. Some HIV-infected people also try herbal medicines to treat HIV, but there has been no evidence showing any positive outcomes with the use of herbal remedies.
Another type of alternative therapy for treating HIV is micronutrient supplementation. Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals, so these supplements would be in the form of a general daily multivitamin. These supplements have been proven to help treat HIV because HIV can cause micronutrient deficiencies, so the supplements can help replenish these needed vitamins and minerals. Although the supplements may not help ease all negative symptoms, they offer some benefits and are safe for HIV-infected patients. Supplements are also safe for HIV-infected pregnant women and their children. Specifically, vitamin A and zinc have shown positive health effects. There are no major negative side effects of vitamin and mineral supplements.
Alternative therapies can help to reduce symptoms of diseases like HIV, but do not cure the disease, or stop the disease from spreading to other people.
PREP
"PREP" or "PrEP" is pre-exposure prophylaxis. This means a person takes a drug before having risky sex. The drug 'Truvada' is a combination of two different anti-viral treatments: tenofovir and emtricitabine. Truvada is very expensive, and not available on the UK's National Health Service.
References
Other websites
AIDS-HIV Resources and guidelines for prevention
Product for babies This article provides basic information about child products in a way that is easy to understand. This site also has an article that provides Best babies products reviews.
AIDS Education Global Information System (AEGiS)
Sexually transmitted diseases
Viruses |
7481 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Zappa | Frank Zappa | Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21, 1940 - December 4, 1993) was an American musician and composer. He was known for his strange style of music, which was often weird and funny. He made various types of music and many albums. Zappa worked with many other musicans, most notably his 1960s group The Mothers of Invention and his friend and blues singer Captain Beefheart. Some people think he is the best composer in popular music or even any non-classical music.
Zappa was born in Baltimore, Maryland, but spent most of his life in Southern California. He grew up in Baltimore, in Florida, and in Monterey, Claremont and El Cajon, California. His mother was of French and Italian descent; his father was an immigrant from Sicily. Zappa had four children with his wife Gail. They gave them all very unusual names: Moon Unit, Dweezil, Ahmet, and Diva.
Zappa was openly against drugs, Televangelism, and censoring music. He often tried to see what he could get away with.
Zappa died from prostate cancer in Los Angeles, California.
Other websites
Zappa.com
Zappanale
Notes
Actors from Baltimore
Actors from California
Actors from Florida
American jazz musicians
American rock guitarists
American songwriters
American television actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from prostate cancer
Multi-instrumentalists
Musicians from California
Musicians from Florida
Musicians from Maryland
1940 births
1993 deaths |
7482 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania | Tasmania | Tasmania (Palawa Kani: Lutruwita, Bruny Island Tasmanian: Lutruwita) is a large island off the southern coast of mainland Australia. It is a state of Australia. Its capital and the largest city is Hobart. The island was joined to the mainland until the end of the most recent ice age about 10,000 years ago.
It is the home of rare animals such as eastern quolls and Tasmanian devils.
History
Tasmania is a state of Australia. Unlike the other states, it is an island. The Bass Strait separates it from the Australian mainland. Australian aboriginals are the native people of Tasmania. Abel Janszoon Tasman landed on the island in 1642. He called it "Van Diemen's Land". It was later called Tasmania. Much later, people came from Europe, mostly from the British Empire, to live on the island.
Cities and towns
Tasmania has four cities: capital city Hobart, Launceston, Devonport and Burnie.
Population
Tasmania is the smallest state in Australia. It also has the smallest population. The total population of Tasmania is just over 500,000 (September 2014).
Places to visit
Tasmania has some of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. They range from old country towns to up to date cities.
Some popular tourist places are:
Coles Bay
Port Arthur
Huonville
Richmond
Tasmania
Strahan
Hagley
Hobart
Famous Tasmanians
Errol Flynn - actor, best known for his role in the 1930s as Robin Hood.
Ricky Ponting - Former Australian Cricket Captain
Peter Crumpton - Author
David Boon - Cricket Player
Don Kay - Composer
Madison Courto - Musician
Princess Mary Donaldson of Denmark
Allanah Hill (fashion designer)
Simon Baker (the mentalist)
Australasia
Gondwana
Islands of Australia |
7484 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%2AA%2AS%2AH | M*A*S*H | M*A*S*H was an American media franchise that had several novels and a movie. Several television series have also been based on it. These include M*A*S*H (1970 movie), M*A*S*H (TV series) (1972), AfterMASH and Trapper John, M.D..
Novel
M*A*S*H started as a novel written by Richard Hooker. It was released in 1968, and was about a group of rebellious doctors at a MASH (Mobile Army Surgical Hospital) during the Korean War in the early 1950s. Several sequels were also written after the first book was successful. A movie and television series were based on the story.
Movie
M*A*S*H was made into a movie in 1970 that was liked by critics and audiences. It was directed by Robert Altman, and starred a large cast of talented actors that included Donald Sutherland, Elliott Gould, Tom Skerritt, Sally Kellerman, and Robert Duvall.
The movie won the Golden Palm award that year, which is the highest award at the Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France. The movie was also a big hit with young people for its anti-establishment, wild feel. This was especially true because it was really seen to be about criticizing the Vietnam War that was going on at the time. That theme was only hidden somewhat by the setting of the movie during the earlier and less controversial Korean War.
It is also the #56 movie on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies list and #7 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs list.
Television
The success of the books and movie inspired the very popular comedy television series, M*A*S*H. The series ran from 1972 to 1983 on CBS and is one of the most popular American television shows ever. Reruns are still shown on cable and broadcast channels, and most of the show's seasons are sold on DVDs. Though it is not as popular as it was, it is still popular today.
The cast included Alan Alda, Wayne Rogers, Mike Farrell, McLean Stevenson, Harry Morgan, Loretta Swit, Larry Linville, David Ogden Stiers, Jamie Farr, Allan Arbus, William Christopher, and Gary Burghoff.
Burghoff played the naive, innocent, teenage, but gifted company clerk, "Radar" O'Reilly. His role was small but memorable in the M*A*S*H movie, and he was the only actor from that movie to also play his character on the television series.
The show's final episode which aired on February 28, 1983 was one of the most watched shows in TV history. It was viewed by 125 million people. There have been several spin-off series of M*A*S*H. The first was AfterMASH, which was about a Veteran's Hospital soon after the war was over. It was about Colonel Potter (Harry Morgan), who got a job there, Maxwell Klinger (Jamie Farr), who became his assistant, and Father Mulcahy (William Christopher), who came there as a patient who abused alcohol after he lost his hearing in the TV series. All three of them were major characters on the original series. The second spin-off was W*A*L*T*E*R*, which was about Walter "Radar" O'Reilly (Gary Burghoff). It was an unsold pilot that was shown as a special television program. The most successful M*A*S*H spin-off was Trapper John, M.D., a spin-off of the movie. It starred Trapper John McIntyre (Pernell Roberts), but never talks about anything from the movie. It lasted 151 episodes across seven seasons.
Theater
Tim Kelly made a play about the novel, movie, and TV series in 1973.
Other websites
1972 television series debuts
1983 disestablishments in the United States
1970s American workplace television series
1970s workplace comedy television series
1980s American workplace television series
1980s workplace comedy television series
1980s workplace drama television series
American black comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama television series
American novels
American war movies
American workplace comedy television series
American workplace drama television series
Black comedy television series
English-language movies
Korean War
Movies set in the 1950s |
7494 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Sutherland | Donald Sutherland | Donald McNichol Sutherland OC (born July 17, 1935) is a Canadian actor. He has appeared in more than 100 movie and television shows.
Sutherland is known for his roles in Fellini's Casanova, Klute, Don't Look Now, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, JFK, Ordinary People, Pride & Prejudice, and The Hunger Games. He is the father of actor Kiefer Sutherland.
Early life
Sutherland was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. His ancestry includes Scottish, as well as German and English. When Sutherland was a child, he had rheumatic fever, hepatitis and poliomyelitis. He studied at Victoria College and at University of Toronto. He studied acting London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. Sutherland started off working as a radio DJ at the age of 14.
Career
Sutherland's acting career began in 1962 with a small role in the television series The Avengers. He then starred in some major roles in movies such as Dr. Terror's House of Horrors with Christopher Lee. He had a recurring role in the 1970 television series M*A*S*H.
Sutherland soon gained fame in the Academy Award-winning movie Klute with Jane Fonda. He then starred in the movie Don't Look Now. He then starred in the movie Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Recently, Sutherland portrayed President Snow in the movie adaptation of The Hunger Games, released in March 2012. He repeated the role in its sequel, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013).
In 2018, Sutherland played J. Paul Getty in the television series Trust.
Personal life
Sutherland was married to Lois Hardwick from 1959 until they divorced in 1966. Then he was married to Shirley Douglas from 1966 until they divorced in 1970. Since 1972, Sutherland has been married to his current wife Francine Racette. He has five children, three of whom are actors.
Sutherland became a blogger for the American news website The Huffington Post during the 2008 United States presidential election campaign. In his blogs, he openly stated his support for Barack Obama.
During the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver he narrated the events. He was also one of the Olympic flag bearers.
Movies
Castle of the Living Dead (1964)
Dr. Terror's House of Horrors (1965)
The Dirty Dozen (1967)
Interlude (1968)
Start the Revolution Without Me (1970)
M*A*S*H (1970)
Klute (1971)
Lady Ice (1973)
S*P*Y*S (1974)
The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977)
National Lampoon's Animal House (1978)
The Great Train Robbery (1979)
Bear Island (1979)
Eye of the Needle (1981)
Scream of Stone (1991)
Long Road Home (1991)
JFK (1991)
Eminent Domain (1991)
Backdraft (1991)
Quicksand: No Escape (1992)
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992)
Benefit of the Doubt (1993)
The Puppet Masters (1994)
Punch (1994)
Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All (1994)
The Lifeforce Experiment (1994)
Disclosure (1994)
Behind the Mask (1999)
Virus (1999)
Instinct (1999)
The Hunley (1999)
Toscano (1999)
The Setting Sun (1999)
Panic (2000)
Space Cowboys (2000)
The Art of War (2000)
Threads of Hope (voice) (2000)
Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (voice) (2001)
Uprising (TV) (2001)
Frankenstein (TV) (2004)
Aurora Borealis (2004)
The Hunger Games (2012)
The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013)
Jappeloup (2013)
The Hunger Games: Mockingjay β Part 1 (2014)
The Hunger Games: Mockingjay β Part 2 (2015)
Trust (2018)
Awards
1978: Officer of the Order of Canada (OC)
1983: 4th Genie Awards, winner, Best Actor, Threshold
1995: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actor in a Supporting Role in a Miniseries or a Movie, Citizen X
1995: Golden Globe Award, winner, Best Supporting Actor β Series, Miniseries or Television Film, Citizen X
1998: Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor β Drama, Without Limits
2000: Canada's Walk of Fame
2002: Golden Globe Award, winner, Best Supporting Actor β Series, Miniseries or Television Film, Path to War
2005: Honorary Doctor of Arts (Hon DArt) from Middlebury College (Middlebury, Vermont, US)
2011: Hollywood Walk Of Fame.
2012: Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
References
Other websites
On the Money (Carole Cadwalladr interview), The Guardian, 30 March 2008
1935 births
Living people
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Canadian movie actors
Canadian movie producers
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Order of Canada
People from New Brunswick
Satellite Award winners |
7495 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20%28disambiguation%29 | Canadian (disambiguation) | Canadian may refer to:
Something of, from, or related to Canada, a country
Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada.
Canadian may also refer to:
Language
Canadian English
Canadian French
Geography
Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States
Canadian River, United States, the largest tributary of the Arkansas River, in the southwestern United States
Canadian Shield, a large craton in eastern and central Canada and adjacent portions of the United States
Canadian, Texas, United States, a city in Hemphill County
Buildings
First Canadian Place, Canada's tallest skyscraper
People and organizations
Petey Williams (nickname: Canadian Destroyer), a Canadian professional wrestler
Jason Reso (nickname: Canadian Rage or Christian Cage), a Canadian professional wrestler
Canadian Airlines, a defunct airline of Canada
Taxonomy
Canadian elderberry
Conyza canadensis (Canadian horseweed; also Canadian fleabane), a common species of Conyza, native throughout most of North America and Central America
Canadian honeysuckle, an arching shrub
Other uses
Canadian Club, a brand of whisky produced by Hiram Walker & Sons in Windsor, Ontario
Montreal Canadiens, an NHL hockey team based in Montreal
Related pages |
7496 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Martin | Paul Martin | Paul Martin Jr. (born August 28, 1938) is a Canadian politician. He was the 21st Prime Minister of Canada. He was also the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. He became prime minister December 12, 2003, when Jean ChrΓ©tien stepped down. He won an election on June 28, 2004, because the Liberals won more seats than the other political parties; but they did not win a majority of the seats, so he led a minority government. There was another election on January 23, 2006; his party lost this election, so Stephen Harper became the next prime minister.
Martin was greatly respected, as a Finance Minister, around the world for his fiscal management, because of the growth in the economy and for taking the government out of deficit.
His tenure as Prime Minister is generally seen as a disaster by most Canadians.
Martin was born in Windsor, Ontario. His father was a member of the Canadian House of Commons for thirty-three years and was a part of the cabinet. Martin graduated from the University of Toronto in 1961 with a B.A. in history and philosophy and from the University of Toronto Law School in 1965. He married Sheila Martin in 1965.
He was elected to parliament from the riding of LaSalle-Γmard in Montreal, Quebec in 1988. He was finance minister from 1993 until 2002. He became known for balancing the budget (ending government borrowing of money). In 2003, he was elected leader of the Liberal party, and was appointed prime minister one month later.
Mr. Martin's government made same-sex marriage legal. It also had problems with the Sponsorship scandal in 2004. In 2006, Parliament passed a vote of no confidence, which forced a national election to be held on January 23. The Liberals lost the election and Martin lost his position as prime minister. Soon afterwards, he resigned his position as leader of the Liberal Party.
After fourteen months in office, Paul Martin got the nickname "Mr. Dithers". He was called so by the magazine The Economist. They say this is because he changed his opinion too often.
References
Other websites
1938 births
Living people
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Politicians from Montreal |
7497 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine%20gun | Machine gun | A machine gun is a weapon that can fire one bullet after another as long as the trigger is pulled and there are bullets ready to fire. This is called automatic fire. A more general name for this type of weapon is an automatic weapon. Machine guns fire bullets delivered from a long chain of cartridges called an ammunition ('ammo') belt, or use spring-loaded boxes called magazines. Machine guns are usually divided into heavy-duty machine guns, light machine guns, and sub-machine guns.
Heavy machine guns (HMG) are placed on the ground, supported on a tripod, or on a vehicle. The vehicle would have a support for the gun with a rotating base or turret. Heavy machine guns often need two men to operate it, one to assist with loading ammunition, and one to aim and fire. It always takes two or more men to carry one. Famous examples include the M2 Browning machine gun, the MG42, the M1919 Browning, the M134 minigun, the Type 92 heavy machine gun, and the Maxim gun.
Light machine guns (LMG) are usually carried and fired by one man. Despite the name, an LMG is almost always rested on a bipod or a tripod while firing since the gun is normally too heavy to fire while standing, although some LMGs such as the Bren LMG and the BAR are light enough to be fired without a bipod or tripod when a sling is worn around the user. Famous examples include the Bren, the BAR, the SAW M249, the M240, the RPD, the RPK, the PK, and the M-60.
Submachine guns (SMG) are lighter weapons which fire less powerful bullets (usually pistol bullets). They are much easier to conceal and carry than the heavier versions. Submachine guns have handles (stocks), and are carried by individual soldiers or police officers. Famous examples include the Uzi, the Heckler & Koch MP5, the Thompson (a.k.a. Tommy gun), the MAC-10, the PPSh, and the MP-40.
Assault rifles have automatic capabilities but they are not called machine guns. They are used mainly in semi-automatic fire, and also normally fire lighter bullets than machine guns.
Many heavy machine guns, such as the Browning M2 .50 caliber machine gun, are exact enough to hit distant targets. During the Vietnam War, Carlos Hathcock shot at 7382Β ft (2250 m) using a .50 caliber heavy machine gun with a telescopic sight.
References
Other websites
Machine gun -Citizendium |
7498 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Hood | Robin Hood | Robin Hood is a folk hero from the Middle Ages in England. He is a legendary person, and people have told stories about him for centuries. There are also many books, plays, movies, and cartoons that tell stories about Robin Hood.
There are many different versions, but in most stories, Robin Hood is an outlaw who lives in Sherwood Forest near the town of Nottingham, England. He has two enemies. who abuse their powers and take money from the people who need it. The first is Prince John, who is acting as king while his brother, King Richard the Lionheart, is fighting the Crusades in the Middle East. The second is the corrupt Sheriff of Nottingham. They are Robin Hoodβs enemies because they abuse their powers and take money from poor people. Using his intelligence and his archery skills, Robin Hood steals back this money and returns it to the poor.
In many stories, a group of faithful followers called The Merry Men accompanies Robin. In the earliest Robin Hood stories, The Merry Men were Little John, Much the Millerβs Son, and Will Scarlet. Later stories added Friar Tuck, Alan-a-Dale, and Maid Marian.
In the media
There have been many movies about Robin Hood, including "The Adventures of Robin Hood" starring Errol Flynn. In the 1970s, Disney made a movie where the characters were shown to be animals. Robin and his lover (Marian) are foxes. |
7500 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball | Basketball | Basketball is a team sport where one team, usually consisting of five players in each team, play against each other on a rectangular court. The objective is to get the ball through a hoop mounted high on a backboard on the opponent's side of the court, while preventing the opponent from shooting it into your team's hoop. It is a very popular sport worldwide, played with a round and usually orange(orange-brown) ball that bounces. Basketball players mainly use skills such as dribbling, shooting, running, and jumping. Each made basket is worth two points, while a basket made from beyond the three-point line is worth three points. If a player gets into too much physical contact, they may be given free throws which are worth one point each. The game typically lasts for four-quarters and the team with the most points at the end of the four-quarters win the game. If the score is tied at the end of the game, there will be additional play time, called overtime, to allow one team to win the match.
The game is played between men's teams or between women's teams. Basketball has been played in the Summer Olympic Games since 1936. The shot clock rule started in 1954 for professional basketball. The first basketball game took place in 1892, where the court was half the size of what it is today. In 1891 the game was invented by James Naismith.
The history of basketball
In early December 1891, James Naismith (1861β1939), a Canadian physical education teacher at Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts, invented an indoor game called basketball. He invented the sport to keep his students from becoming bored during the winter. Naismith wrote the basic rules and then nailed a peach basket onto a 20-foot tall pole. Unlike modern basketball hoops, the bottom of the peach-basket was still there, so after a point was scored, somebody had to get the ball out of the basket with a long stick. Over time, people made a hole at the bottom of the basket so the ball could go through more easily. The first game of basketball was played at the International Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Springfield, Massachusetts. The score of the first game of basketball ever played was 1-0. There is a sculpture in Springfield, outside where the first game was held. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is also in Springfield.
For that first game of basketball in 1891, Naismith used two half-bushel peach baskets as goals, which gave the sport its name. The students were enthusiastic. After much running and shooting, William R. Chase made a midcourt shot, which was the only score in that historic contest. Word spread about the newly invented game, and numerous associations wrote Naismith for a copy of the rules, which were published in the January 15, 1892, issue of the Triangle, the YMCA Training School's campus paper.
Since the rules had not been formally written, there was no maximum number of players then, unlike today. This also meant that there were no set rules to the game; Naismith only observed how it was played and changed the rules accordingly.
Rules
The aim of basketball is to score more points than the other team, by making the ball in the basket. Players on one team try to stop players on the other team from scoring. Baskets can be worth 1, 2, or 3 points. Each normal score is worth two points; however, if a player throws the ball into the hoop from behind the large arched line on the court, called the "3-point line," the score is worth three points. You get points by "shooting" (throwing or dropping) the ball into the opponents' basket. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins.
The ball is moved forward by shooting, passing (throwing or handing off) or dribbling it. The ball may not be carried by a player who is walking or running without dribbling it. If this rule is violated, it is called a travel.
Equipment
The court, where the game is played, is a rectangle, and at both end lines there is a goal called a "hoop" in the shape of a circle basket with the bottom cut out.
In each game of basketball these things are required:
Basketball
Basketball court
Basketball hoop and backboard
Teams
Basketball is played with two teams, with 5 players from each team on the court at one time. The maximum number of players on the bench differs by the league. In international play, a maximum of 7 players is allowed on the bench, resulting in a roster of 12 players. The NBA has 13-player rosters; college and high school teams have 15-player rosters. When a player wants to substitute for another player on the court, they let the score bench know. The referees will signal for the player waiting to come into the court. The player that was in the game comes off the court and the player that was sitting on the bench goes inside the game. This is called a substitution. In regional matches, in some areas, a minimum of 3 players are required to be on the bench. In India, there might be leeway in the number depending on the category of the tournament you're playing in.
Playing regulations
A game of basketball is made up of four different quarters, each ten (or in the National Basketball Association, 12) minutes long. In the NCAA, or National Collegiate Athletic Association, there are 2 20Β minute halves. At the start of every game the referee throws the basketball up in the air, and one player from each team tries to hit it to their teammates, that is called a "jump ball."
At the start of each quarter the team who has the possession arrow pointing towards their hoop gets the ball. Then the arrow is switched, and the next team gets the ball next quarter.
After four-quarters, the team who scores the most points wins. If the two teams score the same number of points, there is a five-minute "overtime" to see who can score more points. "Overtime" can be played over and over until one team finally scores more points.
If a player does something illegal in the game, it is called a "foul." If a player fouls someone on the other team who is shooting the basketball, the player who was fouled gets to shoot "free throws" from the "foul line." A free throw is a shot that no one is allowed to try to block. A free throw is shot from the straight line in front of the hoop. Each successful free throw is worth one point.
If a player fouls an opponent who is not shooting, the other team gets the ball, and can throw it in bounds from the sideline. Players can do three things with the ball: "dribble" (bounce) the ball, "pass" the ball to a teammate, or "shoot" the ball at the hoop. The player with the ball tries to keep the ball and not let the other team get it.
The ball can't be kicked or hit with the fist. If this is violated, the other team gets possession of the ball and gets to throw it in from the nearest out of bounds area.
Once a player commits five fouls, he is no longer allowed to play in the game, and a player on the bench must go in the game immediately. If a team commits four fouls, the opposing team gets to shoot a free throw on any next foul that doesn't involve shooting. (Depending on the league).
Officials
In a game of basketball, there are a number of officials who are not from either team, who are there to help. Officials are important to the game, and help it run efficiently. Here is a list of some of these people:
Umpire: There are either one, two, three, four or five umpires in a game of basketball. It is the umpires' job to make the game more fair by enforcing the rules of the game. The umpires take into consideration the spirit and intent of the player before making any call. In the NBA and WNBA, the term "umpire" is not used; the person who has this role is called the referee.
Referee: The use of this word varies between rule sets.
Under the rules of FIBA (the worldwide governing body for the sport), the NCAA (U.S. college basketball), and NFHS (U.S. high schools), there is one referee in a game of basketball. He is the "head" umpire. The referee has all the jobs of the umpires along with a couple more responsibilities. He is also the one that makes the final decision for most problems and is the one who throws the ball up for the tip off at the start of the match.
The first ever recorded female referee is Isabelle Johnson from Melbourne.
The first ever recorded male referee is Campbell Grech from Melbourne.
Timekeeper: There is one timekeeper whose job is to keep track of the time and to tell the umpires when time for each quarter has run out.
Scorekeeper: There is one scorekeeper whose job is to keep track of and record all points scored, shots attempted, fouls made and timeouts called.
Assistant Scorekeeper: There is one assistant scorekeeper. His job is to assist the scorekeeper, by telling him the players who score points, and to hold up a number for each foul called, showing everyone the number of fouls the specified player has for the game.
Shot Clock Operator: There is one shot clock operator and his job is to keep resetting and holding the device when needed or told to by an umpire. This person needs to have good reflexes and quickness, as he has to quickly reset the timer when the game resumes.
Fans and media in North America will often use "referee" to describe all on-court officials, whether their formal titles are "referee", "umpire", or "crew chief".
Basketball terms/fouls
There are some basketball terms that players have to understand when playing the game. Here are some terms:
Draft pick is an eligible player selected to play for one of thirty teams in the NBA
Free throw is a basketball throw from the free-throw line from either personal, technical, unsportsmanlike or disqualifying fouls. Each free-throw made is worth one point. The amount of free-throws attempted are determined by the following:
missed field goal and a drawn foul will result in 2 free throws
made field goal and a drawn foul will result in 1 free throw
missed 3-point attempt and a drawn foul will result in 3 free throws
made 3-point attempt and a drawn foul will result in 1 free throw
unsportsmanlike foul will result in 2 free throws and the same team's possession. (In all North American rule sets, this foul is called a "flagrant foul", with the same penalty.)
technical foul will result in 2 free throws and the same team's possession. (In the NBA and WNBA, technical fouls result in 1 free throw instead of 2.)
Field goal is any made shot in normal play. Field goals are worth 2 points, unless the shooter was outside the three-point line, in which case it is worth 3 points.
Personal foul is any contact, committed by a player of the other team, thought, by the umpires, to have caused a disadvantage.
Technical foul is a violation of certain basketball rules. They include:
fighting or threatening to fight with another person
entering the basketball court when it is not a substitution time
a player being out of bounds (away from the court) to gain an advantage
having too many players play on the court
refusing to sit on the bench
returning to play when a player is disqualified (loses his privileges to play).
yelling and/or swearing at another player or an official.
Rebound is the act of catching the basketball after a shot has been attempted, but missed.
Assist is to pass a teammate the ball, which then the teammate immediately shoots into the basketball ring successfully. 2-3 dribbles are allowed after catching the ball for assist to be counted.
Steal is to take the ball away from a person who is dribbling, shooting or passing without physically touching the person (committing a foul).
Turnover is when the team that controls the ball loses control and the other team gains control.
Walkover is the automatic victory of a team if the opposing team withdraws, is disqualified or there is not any competition at all.
Substitution is the act of replacing a player from the court to an another player sitting on the bench.
Double dribble is when a player dribbles the ball and picks it up and then dribbles it again without having shot or passed it. Dribbling the ball with two hands is also a double dribble. If a player double dribbles, the ball is automatically given to the other team.
Carry is when a player physically turns the ball over with their hands while dribbling it.
Travel is when a player in possession of the ball moves both feet without dribbling the ball. If a player travels, the ball is automatically given to the opposing team.
Shot clock is a clock designed to limit the time a team has to shoot a basketball. The shot clock is different in different leagues, but it is usually between 24Β seconds and 35Β seconds. After time runs out, the ball is automatically given to the opposing team unless they shot, before the clock runs out, and hit the rim or the ball enters the basket.
Substitute (subs) is when a player on the bench swaps for a player on the court. The player on the bench is allowed to play and the player sits on the bench.
Jump ball happens at the start of every game. This is where the ball gets thrown up from the centre circle and one person from each team jumps for it, aiming to hit it to one of his teammates.
Alternating possession At the start of the game there is a jump ball. Whichever team "wins" the jump ball gets the arrow pointed towards their goal. Each time the ball gets given to the team who is trying to score in the direction of the arrow it gets turned.
Clutch is a shot made at a difficult moment in the game, usually when the shot clock is about to run out, or if the team losing by 1 or 2 points suddenly wins the game because of the clutch shot.
Backcourt violation is when a player crosses the half-court line and walks backwards over the line while in possession of the ball, or passes to another player who is behind the half-court line. Note that this rule does not apply if a defensive player taps the ball, and it goes beyond the half-court line, and the offensive player retrieves it in the "backcourt".
3-second violation is when a player stands in the lane (an area marked by the big square in front of the basket) for more than 3Β seconds. The offensive team that commits a 3-second violation will lose the possession of the ball. The defensive team that commits a 3-second violation will receive a technical foul.
8- or 10-second violation is when the team with the ball fails to advance the ball past the center line within the allowed time. The offensive team will lose possession. The allowed time is 8Β seconds in international play, the NBA, and WNBA, and 10Β seconds in college and high school play for both males and females. Women's college basketball was the last level of basketball to add this violation, only doing so for the 2013β14 season.
Positions in basketball
In professional basketball teams, each player has a position. A position is a job or role that a player has to take part in to play the game. If everyone is doing their job correctly, the team is usually successful.
Point guard (PG) (1) - point guards are responsible for leading the team on offense. They have to take the ball out (to dribble the ball halfway across their team's court side into the opposing team's court side) and plan an "attack" or "play" - to pass the ball to a player and he passes on to another player and so on till a player shoots the basketball. Point guards can be small, but they have to be very fast and possess good ball-handling. But the most important thing for the PG is a wide view. PG should control the game when on offense. That's why PG is called 'the coach on the court'.
Shooting guard (SG) (2) - shooting guards generally are a little bit taller and slower than point guards. They have to make good shots from far distances (like three-point lines).
Small forward (SF) (3) - small forwards are generally taller than both point guards and shooting guards. They are the team's most versatile player, doing everything from rebounding and assisting to scoring.
Power forward (PF) (4) - power forwards are usually one of the strongest players who play inside the 3-point line. Their job is to receive rebounds from under the basket and score in the opposing team's basket, although it is unusual for a power forward to score most points for the team.
Center (C) (5) - Centers will usually be the tallest player on the team. They score close to the basket, rebound and block shots on the defensive end. They also start the game in the tip off.
Other positions, more usual in professional basketball teams, are used in basketball.
Swingman - a basketball player who can play both small forward and shooting guard positions.
Stretch four (also cornerman) - a basketball player who can play both power forward and small forward positions. The term "stretch four" comes from the concept of a power forward ("four") capable of "stretching" a defense with outside shooting ability.
Point forward - a basketball player who can play both point guard and forward (either small forward or power forward) positions.
Forward-center - a basketball player who can play both forward (usually power forward) and center positions.
Variations
There are many types of basketball. Some are for people with disabilities, others are played more by a specific group, some are played using only half the court, and some are for when there are fewer players.
3 on 3
This is the most popular "pick up game" variation of basketball. Pick up games are when teams are chosen on the court instead of having official teams. Due to there being no referee, this more casual game has more relaxed rules than official games. Instead of 5 players, there are only three players on each team, hence the name.
While the exact rules vary from place to place, there are several common rules typically found in most games, including:
The game is played on a half-court instead of a full-court.
Players call their own fouls and violations.
Players inbound the ball from the top of the three-point line.
After a turnover, the team that gets the ball must take it out past the free-throw or three-point line before trying to score.
On any foul, the ball is inbounded. There is no foul shot.
Normal shots are worth one point, with shots beyond the 3-point arc worth 2 points.
The game is played to a pre-determined set score rather than being timed.
First possession is decided by one or more players shooting 3-point shots to see who goes first. (If one player, if the shot is made his/her team gets the ball first, if not, the other team gets the ball. Sometimes called "shooting die".)
There are officially sponsored 3 on 3 tournaments, though the game is mostly played without an official league.
Variations with 2 player and 4 player teams often follow this same format.
Twenty-one
Twenty-one (21) is a variation of basketball that does not include teams. It is often played with odd-numbers of players or when there are too few players for 3 on 3 games.
The object of 21 is to score exactly 21 points. Players keep track of their own scores and call out their points after making a basket. All players play defense against all other players and compete for the rebound on a miss.
When a player makes a shot, he or she scores 2 points and is then awarded a chance to score an additional 3 points by attempting a series of free-throws. If a player makes a free-throw, he or she is awarded an additional point and an additional free-throw. If a player makes three straight free-throws they are then given the ball a the top of the key and the other players may then defend.
One special rule is that if a player gets 20 points and then misses a free-throw, or scores 17 points and then makes all three free-throws, their score is set back to 15. This is because their next basket would put them over 21 points, and the object of the game is to get exactly 21.
Due to there being no teams, there are a number of special rules to 21:
The game is played on a half-court instead of a full-court.
There are no fouls, travelling violations, or out-of-bounds. Play continues despite any of these. However, flagrantly breaking the rules by not dribbling, intentionally double dribbling, or by fouling too harshly is not accepted and is dealt with by the other players.
Some players use an honor system, returning the ball to a player who was fouled too hard.
The defenders do not usually all gang up on the person with the ball, instead last person to shoot and miss defends while the rest are "back up" and look for the rebound.
H-O-R-S-E
The game H-O-R-S-E, (pronounced horse) is played by two or more players. The player in control of the ball tries to make a shot however they want. The other layer has to repeat their shot. If they miss, they get an H added, until they get enough letters to finish the word horse and they lose. If the player who has the ball missed their shot, no letter is added and control moves to the next player.
Wheelchair basketball
In this variation, the players are all seated in a wheelchair. This is often played by people who cannot walk or are unable to play normal basketball. The rules are altered slightly, but the game follows the same general concepts.
Related pages
Women's basketball
National Basketball Association
National Basketball League (Australasia)
Basketball Bundesliga
Other websites
FIBA, FΓ©dΓ©ration Internationale de Basketball / International Basketball Federation
IWBF, International Wheelchair Basketball Federation
Springfield, Massachusetts
Summer Olympic sports |
7501 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk%20hero | Folk hero | A folk hero is a person, who may or may not have existed, and is famous and well liked by people, or people of a certain country. Usually it is someone who helped the common people or fought against the authorities, such as a bad king. People tells stories about folk heroes, most of their stories have been passed down orally, and changed to fit the situations. They usually have a special skill or trait of some sort (Paul Bunyan is very tall).
Some famous folk heroes are:
Robin Hood (England), who stole from the rich and gave it to the poor people
William Tell (Switzerland), who killed a tyrant (a lord terrorizing the people)
Carmine Crocco (Italy), controversial figure of the Italian unification but considered by many a folk hero
Johnny Appleseed
George Washington, First President of the United States
Natty Bumppo
Paul Bunyan
Mustafa Kemal AtatΓΌrk, First President of Turkey
Gandhi
Nelson Mandela, First President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist
SimΓ³n BolΓvar
John Henry
Pecos Bill
Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States during the American Civil War
Davy Crockett, famous American folk hero who died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Jim Bowie, famous for his Bowie knife, died at the Battle of the Alamo.
Paul Revere
Qutb Shah, supposed Arab-Afghan who conquered large parts of Northern India and sired many tribes.
Dulla Bhatti who was a popular resistance hero against the Mughal Empire.
Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal who was a Punjabi freedom-fighter in 1857.
Folklore |
7503 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%201 | January 1 | Starting in the 1200s, January 1 was called New Year's Day. It is a holiday.
Events
Up to 1800
153 BC β Roman consuls begin their year in office.
45 BC β The Julian calendar is first used.
193 β The day after Commodus is murdered, the Roman Senate chooses Pertinax to succeed him as Roman emperor
1001 β Stephen I is named first King of Hungary by Pope Sylvester II.
1438 β Albert II of Habsburg is crowned King of Hungary.
1502 β Exploration of the place where Rio de Janeiro is now. The name means "River of January". It is named because its bay was mistaken for a river.
1515 β Francis I becomes King of France.
1600 β Scotland begins its numbered year on January 1 instead of March 25.
1651 β Charles II becomes King of Scotland.
1660 β Samuel Pepys starts writing his famous diary.
1700 β Russia starts using Western numbers for its calendar.
1707 β John V becomes King of Portugal.
1739 β Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic Ocean is discovered by Frenchman Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier.
1776 β American Revolutionary War: Norfolk, Virginia is burned by combined Royal Navy and Continental Army action.
1781 β The Iron Bridge built from plans by Abraham Darby III in Coalbrookdale on the EnglandβWales border, is officially opened.
1788 β In London, the first issue of The Times newspaper is printed.
1800 β The Dutch East India Company ends.
1801 1900
1801 β The Act of Union 1800 begins to have effect and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland join to make the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
1801 β Giuseppe Piazzi discovers the dwarf planet Ceres in the Solar System's asteroid belt.
1804 β France stops ruling Haiti. Haiti becomes independent.
1808 β The United States makes a law making it illegal to bring slaves from other countries.
1810 β Lachlan Macquarie becomes Governor of New South Wales.
1833 β The United Kingdom claims the Falkland Islands.
1845 β The Philippines adopt the Gregorian calendar, with the International Date Line being shifted to its east. December 31, 1844 is skipped.
1860 β Floods in Araluen and Braidwood, New South Wales kill 24 people.
1860 β The first Polish postage stamp is issued.
1863 β Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the second year of the American Civil War.
1873 β Japan starts using the Gregorian calendar.
1874 β The Bronx becomes part of New York City.
1877 β Queen Victoria is given the title of Empress of India.
1880 β Workers start building the Panama Canal.
1885 β Twenty-five countries adopt Sandford Fleming's proposal for Standard time (Time zones).
1890 β In East Africa, the Italian colony of Eritrea is founded.
1892 β Ellis Island starts to take people moving to live in the United States.
1894 β In England, the Manchester Ship Canal is officially opened.
1897 β Brooklyn joins with New York City.
1898 β New York City and places around it join to make the City of Greater New York.
1899 β Spanish rule in Cuba ends.
1899 β Queens and Staten Island join with New York City.
1901 1950
1901 β Australia becomes self-governed.
1901 β Nigeria becomes a British protectorate.
1908 β For the first time, at what is now Times Square in New York City, a ball is dropped at midnight at the start of the New Year.
1911 β In Australia, the Northern Territory separates from South Australia and is transferred to Commonwealth control.
1912 β The Republic of China begins, under Sun Yat-sen.
1913 β The British Board of Censors is founded.
1927 β Turkey starts to use the Gregorian calendar.
1934 β Alcatraz becomes a federal prison.
1937 β Safety glass on vehicle windscreens becomes law in the United Kingdom.
1939 β A temperature of 45 degrees Celsius is recorded in Sydney, Australia, a record for the city.
1941 β In Austria, the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra holds its first New Year's Day concert.
1942 β The Declaration of the United Nations is signed by 26 countries.
1945 β World War II: The German Luftwaffe launches Operation Bodenplatte to destroy Allied air power in northern Europe. The operation failed.
1947 β The Canadian Citizenship Act takes effect: Prime Minister of Canada William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes the first official Canadian citizen.
1947 β The Bizone is formed out of the British and American Occupation zones in Germany. This later becomes West Germany.
1948 β The Constitution of Italy takes effect.
1948 β The British Rail network is nationalized.
1949 β A UN ceasefire to stop the fighting in Kashmir takes effect.
1949 β Austria regains control of its border with Italy from the British.
1951 2000
1953 β A short-lasting Republic is declared in the Maldives.
1956 β Sudan became independent.
1956 β Panic and a stampede at a New Year event at Yahiko Shrine, Yahiko, Niigata, Japan, kills at least 124 people.
1958 β Treaties creating the European Economic Community take effect.
1959 β Fidel Castro takes control in Cuba, as Fulgencio Batista flees Havana.
1960 β Cameroon becomes independent.
1962 β Western Samoa becomes independent.
1964 β Top of the Pops is first shown on the BBC. Its last show is in 2006.
1966 β The Australian dollar replaces the pound sterling as the official currency of Australia.
1966 β Jean-BΓ©del Bokassa becomes president of the Central African Republic.
1968 β Floods in Bahia, Brazil kill 200 people.
1971 β Cigarette advertisements are banned on American television.
1972 β Kurt Waldheim becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
1973 β The UK, Republic of Ireland and Denmark join the European Economic Community.
1978 β The Northern Mariana Islands' constitution becomes effective.
1978 β Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747, crashes into the sea near Bombay, killing 213 people.
1979 β Diplomatic relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China begin.
1980 β Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden becomes heir to the Swedish throne, as succession laws are changed.
1981 β Palau becomes self-governed.
1981 β Greece joins the European Economic Community.
1982 β Javier PΓ©rez de CuΓ©llar becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
1984 β Brunei becomes independent.
1985 β Greenland leaves the European Community.
1986 β Spain and Portugal join the European Economic Community.
1986 β Aruba separates from CuraΓ§ao.
1990 β David Dinkins becomes the first African American mayor of New York City.
1992 β Boutros Boutros-Ghali becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
1993 β Czechoslovakia splits into Slovakia and the Czech Republic.
1994 β The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) takes effect.
1995 β Kiribati becomes the first country to enter the New Year, after the International Date Line is shifted to its east, skipping December 31, 1994.
1995 β Austria, Finland and Sweden join the European Union.
1995 β The World Trade Organisation is started.
1995 β The Draupner wave is detected in the North Sea off Norway, proving the existence of freak waves.
1997 β Kofi Annan becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2000 β Start of the 3rd millennium.
From 2001
2002 β The euro currency starts being used in 12 European Union member states.
2002 β Michael Bloomberg becomes Mayor of New York City.
2003 β Luiz InΓ‘cio Lula da Silva becomes President of Brazil.
2007 β Ban Ki-moon becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2007 β Bulgaria and Romania officially join the European Union. Bulgarian, Romanian, and Irish become official languages of the European Union, joining 20 other official languages.
2007 β Slovenia starts to use the euro.
2007 β Adam Air Flight 574 disappears over Indonesia. It is later known to have crashed with 102 people on board.
2008 β Cyprus and Malta start to use the euro.
2009 β 66 people die in a nightclub fire in Bangkok.
2009 β Same-sex marriage officially becomes legal in Norway.
2009 β Slovakia starts to use the euro.
2010 β A suicide bombing at a volleyball game in Lakki Marwat, Pakistan, kills 105 people.
2011 β Estonia starts to use the euro.
2011 β Dilma Rousseff becomes President of Brazil.
2013 β A crush after a New Year celebration in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, kills over 60 people.
2014 β Latvia starts using the euro.
2014 β Bill de Blasio becomes Mayor of New York City.
2015 β Lithuania starts using the euro.
2015 β The Eurasian Economic Union enters into force. Its members are Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
2015 β Same-sex marriage officially becomes legal in Luxembourg.
2016 β The number of official regions in France (not including overseas territories) is cut from 22 down to 13.
2017 β 39 people are killed in a terrorist attack on a nightclub in Istanbul, Turkey.
2017 β Antonio Guterres becomes Secretary-General of the United Nations.
2017 β A prison riot in Manaus, Brazil, leaves at least 60 inmates dead.
2018 β California legalises cannabis for recreational use.
Births
Up to 1800
871 β Zwertibold, King of Lotharingia (d. 900)
1431 β Pope Alexander VI (d. 1503)
1449 β Lorenzo de' Medici (d. 1492)
1467 β King Sigismund I the Old, of Poland (d. 1548)
1484 β Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss Protestant leader (d. 1531)
1516 β Margaret Leijonhufvud, Queen of Sweden (d. 1551)
1557 β Stephen Bocskay, Romanian prince (d. 1606)
1614 β John Wilkins, English clergyman, natural philosopher and writer (d. 1672)
1618 β Bartolome Esteban Murillo, Spanish painter (d. 1682)
1628 β Christoph Bernhard, German composer (d. 1692)
1638 β Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (d. 1685)
1655 β Christian Thomasius, German jurist and philosopher (d. 1728)
1714 β Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian poet (d. 1780)
1714 β Giovanni Battista Mancini, Italian singer and writer (d. 1800)
1735 β Paul Revere, American patriot (d. 1818)
1745 β Anthony Wayne, American general and politician (d. 1796)
1750 β Frederick Muhlenberg, American politician and statesman (d. 1801)
1752 β Betsy Ross, American seamstress, allegedly sewed the first Flag of the United States (d. 1836)
1768 β Maria Edgeworth, British writer (d. 1849)
1801 1900
1803 β Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja, Italian mathematician (d. 1869)
1823 β Sandor Petofi, Hungarian poet and revolutionary (d. 1849)
1839 β Ouida, British author (d. 1908)
1854 β James George Frazer, Scottish anthropologist (d. 1941)
1859 β Thibaw Min, King of Burma (d. 1916)
1863 β Heinrich Clam Martinic, Austro-Hungarian politician (d. 1932)
1863 β Pierre de Coubertin, French organizer of the Olympic Games (d. 1937)
1864 β Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (d. 1957)
1864 β Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (d. 1946)
1873 β Leon Czolgosz, assassin of US President William McKinley (d. 1901)
1874 β Gustave Whitehead, German inventor (d. 1927)
1876 β Harriet Brooks, Canadian physicist (d. 1933)
1878 β Agner Krarup-Erlang, Danish mathematician and statistician (d. 1929)
1879 β E. M. Forster, British novelist (d. 1970)
1879 β William Fox, Hungarian-American movie producer (d. 1952)
1881 β Vajiravudh, King of Siam (d. 1925)
1886 β Garegin Njdeh, Armenian statesman (d. 1955)
1887 β Wilhelm Canaris, German general and resistance activist (d. 1945)
1888 β John Garand, American inventor (d. 1974)
1890 β Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer (d. 1966)
1891 β Sampurnanand, Indian politician (d. 1969)
1891 β Charles Bickford, American actor (d. 1967)
1892 β Mahidol Adulyadej, Siamese royal (d. 1929)
1892 β Artur Rodzinski, Croatian conductor (d. 1958)
1892 β Manuel Roxas, Filipino statesman (d. 1948)
1894 β Satyendranath Bose, Indian physicist (d. 1974)
1895 β J. Edgar Hoover, American, founding director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (d. 1972)
1896 β Estelle Yancey, American blues singer (d. 1986)
1900 β Xavier Cugat, Catalan-born musician and bandleader (d. 1990)
1900 β Chiune Sugihara, Japanese diplomat (d. 1986)
1901 1925
1902 β Hans von Dohnanyi, Austrian-born jurist and activist (d. 1945)
1904 β Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, Pakistani politician (d. 1982)
1906 β Giovanni D'Anzi, Italian songwriter (d. 1974)
1908 β Bill Tapia, American musician (d. 2011)
1909 β Barry Goldwater, American senator (d. 1998)
1909 β Dana Andrews, American actor (d. 1992)
1909 β Stepan Bandera, Ukrainian nationalist (d. 1959)
1911 β Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (d. 1986)
1911 β Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist (d. 2012)
1912 β Boris Vladimirovich Gnedenko, Russian mathematician (d. 1995)
1912 β Kim Philby, British spy (d. 1988)
1914 β Noor Inayat Khan, Indian princess and agent (d. 1944)
1917 β Albert Mol, Dutch actor (d. 2004)
1918 β Willy den Ouden, Dutch swimmer (d. 1997)
1919 β Daniil Granin, Russian writer (d. 2017)
1919 β J. D. Salinger, American novelist (d. 2010)
1919 β Rocky Graziano, American boxer (d. 1990)
1919 β Carole Landis, American actress (d. 1948)
1921 β Alain Mimoun, French long-distance runner (d. 2013)
1922 β Ernest Hollings, 106th Governor of South Carolina (d. 2019)
1922 β Jerry Robinson, American comic book artist (d. 2011)
1923 β Valentina Cortese, Italian actress
1923 β Milt Jackson, American jazz musician (d. 1999)
1924 β Arthur Danto, American philosopher (d. 2013)
1924 β Jacques Le Goff, French historian (d. 2014)
1924 β Charles Munger, American businessman and philanthropist
1925 β Mario Merz, Italian artist (d. 2003)
1925 β Raymond Pellegrin, French actor (d. 2007)
1926 1950
1926 β Zena Marshall, British actress (d. 2009)
1926 β Claudio Villa, Italian singer (d. 1987)
1927 β Maurice BΓ©jart, French ballet choreographer (d. 2007)
1927 β Vernon L. Smith, American economist
1930 β Gaafar Nimeiry, President of Sudan (d. 2009)
1930 β Adunis, Syrian-Lebanese writer
1933 β Joe Orton, British dramatist (d. 1967)
1934 β Lakhdar Brahimi, Algerian diplomat
1935 β Brian G. Hutton, American actor and director (d. 2014)
1935 β Mustapha Maarof, Malaysian actor (d. 2014)
1936 β James Sinegal, American businessman
1938 β Frank Langella, American actor
1939 β MichΓ¨le Mercier, French actress
1939 β Phil Read, British motorcycle racer
1941 β Barry Goldberg, American musician
1941 β Martin Evans, British geneticist
1941 β Asrani, Indian actor and producer
1941 β Younoussi TourΓ©, Malian politician
1942 β Alassane Ouattara, President of Ivory Coast
1942 β Country Joe McDonald, American singer-songwriter
1942 β Dennis Archer, American politician, 67th Mayor of Detroit
1942 β Gennadi Sarafanov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2005)
1943 β Tony Knowles, former Governor of Alaska
1944 β Teresa Toranska, Polish journalist and writer (d. 2013)
1944 β Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir, President of Sudan
1944 β Abdul Hamid, 20th President of Bangladesh
1944 β Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Pakistani politician
1945 β Jacky Ickx, Belgian racing driver
1945 β Zoltan Varga, Hungarian footballer (d. 2010)
1945 β Pietro Grasso, Italian politician, former Interim President of Italy
1946 β Roberto Rivelino, Brazilian footballer
1947 β Jon Corzine, American politician
1948 β Pavel Grachev, Russian general (d. 2012)
1950 β Morgan Fisher, English musician
1951 1975
1951 β Luc Ferry, French politician
1951 β Hans-Joachim Stuck, German racing driver
1952 β Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, former Emir of Qatar
1953 β Zoran Jankovic, Slovenian politician
1953 β Gary Johnson, American politician
1953 β Alpha Blondy, Ivorian musician
1953 β Philippe Douste-Blazy, French politician
1954 β Richard Gibson, British actor
1954 β Richard Edson, American actor and musician
1954 β Robert Menendez, American politician
1954 β Dave Valentin, American jazz flute player
1955 β Mary Beard, British historian
1955 β Abbas Bahri, Tunisian mathematician (d. 2016)
1956 β Christine Lagarde, French Head of the International Monetary Fund
1956 β Sergei Avdeyev, Soviet cosmonaut
1957 β Ramaz Shengelia, Soviet-Georgian footballer (d. 2012)
1957 β Evangelos Venizelos, Greek lawyer and politician
1958 β Grandmaster Flash, Barbadian musician
1959 β Azali Assoumani, Comorian politician, President of the Comoros
1959 β Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Afghan cosmonaut
1959 β Michel Onfray, French philosopher
1961 β Fiona Phillips, English journalist
1961 β Mark Wingett, English actor
1965 β Lisa Roberts Gillan, American actress
1966 β Anna Burke, Australian politician
1966 β Ivica Dacic, 95th Prime Minister of Serbia
1967 β Spencer Tunick, American artist
1967 β Sharon Small, Scottish actress
1968 β Davor Suker, Croatian footballer
1969 β Morris Chestnut, American actor
1969 β Paul Lawrie, Scottish golfer
1969 β Verne Troyer, American actor
1970 β Sergei Kiriakov, Russian footballer
1970 β Fredro Starr, American actor and rapper
1970 β Stephen Kinnock, Welsh politician
1971 β Conn Iggulden, English writer
1972 β Lilian Thuram, French footballer
1975 β Sonali Bendre, Indian actress and model
From 1976
1979 β Vidya Balan, Indian actress
1980 β Elin Nordegren, Swedish model
1980 β Richie Faulkner, British guitarist and songwriter (Judas Priest)
1981 β Jonas Armstrong, British actor
1981 β Mladen Petric, Croatian footballer
1981 β Zsolt Baumgartner, Hungarian racing driver
1981 β Moumouni Dagano, Burkina Faso footballer
1982 β David Nalbandian, Argentine tennis player
1983 β Calum Davenport, English footballer
1983 β Daniel Jarque, Spanish footballer (d. 2009)
1985 β Jeff Carter, Canadian ice hockey player
1985 β Steven Davis, Northern Irish footballer
1986 β Colin Morgan, Northern Irish actor
1986 β Sungmin, South Korean singer
1986 β Pablo Cuevas, Uruguayan tennis player
1987 β Meryl Davis, American ice dancer
1987 β Gia Coppola, American movie director, screenwriter and actress
1988 β Nelufar Hedayat, Afghan-born British television presenter
1988 β Grzegorz Panfil, Polish tennis player
1992 β Jack Wilshere, English footballer
1992 β He Kexin, Chinese artistic gymnast
1993 β Michael Olaitan, Nigerian footballer
1996 β Mahmoud Dahoud, Syrian-German footballer
1998 β Lara Robinson, Australian actress
Deaths
Up to 1900
138 β Aelius Caesar, adoptive son of Roman Emperor Hadrian
898 β Odo of France (b. 860)
962 β Baldwin III, Count of Flanders (b. 940)
1204 β King Haakon III of Norway (b. 1170)
1387 β King Charles II of Navarre (b. 1332)
1515 β King Louis XII of France (b. 1462)
1554 β Pedro de Valdivia, Spanish conquistador (b. 1500)
1559 β King Christian III of Denmark and Norway (b. 1503)
1713 β Giuseppe Maria Tomasi, Italian cardinal (b. 1649)
1748 β Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1667)
1766 β James Francis Edward Stuart, pretender to the British throne (b. 1688)
1782 β Johann Christian Bach, German composer (b. 1735)
1793 β Francesco Guardi, Venetian painter (b. 1712)
1796 β Alexandre-ThΓ©ophile Vandermonde, French mathematician (b. 1735)
1817 β Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist (b. 1743)
1829 β Pedro Blanco Soto, President of Bolivia (b. 1795)
1853 β Gregory Blaxland, Australian farmer and explorer (b. 1778)
1862 β Mikhail Vasilyevich Ostrogradsky, Russian physicist (b. 1801)
1892 β Roswell B. Mason, 25th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)
1894 β Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, German physicist (b. 1857)
1901 2000
1906 β Hugh Nelson, Scottish-born Australian politician, 11th Premier of Queensland (b. 1835)
1921 β Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1856)
1928 β Loie Fuller, American dancer (b. 1862)
1936 β Roger Allin, Governor of North Dakota (b. 1848)
1937 β Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Indian religious leader (b. 1874)
1942 β Otto Liiv, Estonian historian and activist (b. 1905)
1944 β Edwin Lutyens, British architect (b. 1869)
1951 β Jan Valtin, German writer (b. 1905)
1953 β Hank Williams, American country music singer (b. 1923)
1960 β Margaret Sullavan, American actress and screenwriter (b. 1909)
1963 β Robert S. Kerr, Governor of Oklahoma (b. 1896)
1964 β Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon (b. 1890)
1966 β Vincent Auriol, French politician (b. 1884)
1968 β Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson, American publisher (DC Comics) (b. 1890)
1969 β Barton MacLane, American actor (b. 1902)
1972 β Maurice Chevalier, French entertainer (b. 1888)
1973 β Sergei Kourdakov, Soviet intelligence agent (b. 1951)
1980 β Pietro Nenni, Italian politician (b. 1891)
1984 β Alexis Korner, French-British singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)
1986 β Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (b. 1902)
1987 β Lloyd Haynes, American actor (b. 1934)
1992 β Grace Hopper, American computer scientist (b. 1906)
1994 β Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1900)
1994 β Cesar Romero, American actor (b. 1907)
1995 β Eugene Wigner, Hungarian physicist (b. 1902)
1995 β Fred West, British serial killer (b. 1941)
1997 β Ivan Graziani, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1945)
1997 β Townes Van Zandt, American singer-songwriter (b. 1944)
1998 β Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (b. 1902)
2001 2015
2001 β Ray Walston, American actor (b. 1914)
2003 β Joe Foss, 20th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1915)
2005 β Shirley Chisholm, American politician (b. 1924)
2007 β Del Reeves, American country music singer (b. 1932)
2009 β Johannes Mario Simmel, Austrian writer (b. 1924)
2009 β Helen Suzman, South African political activist (b. 1917)
2009 β Aarne Arvonen, Finnish supercentenarian (b. 1897)
2009 β Nizar Rayan, Palestinian military commander (b. 1959)
2010 β Lhasa de Sela, Mexican-American singer-songwriter (b. 1972)
2011 β Flemming Jorgensen, Danish musician (b. 1947)
2012 β Carlos Soria, Argentine politician (b. 1949)
2012 β Bob Anderson, British fencer and sword fight choreographer (b. 1922)
2012 β Kiro Gligorov, President of the Republic of Macedonia (b. 1917)
2012 β Gary Ablett, English footballer (b. 1965)
2013 β Christopher Martin-Jenkins, English cricket journalist (b. 1945)
2013 β Patti Page, American singer (b. 1927)
2013 β Lloyd Hartman Elliott, American academic (b. 1918)
2013 β Barbara Werle, American actress (b. 1928)
2014 β Higashifushimi Kunihide, Japanese Buddhist monk and uncle of Emperor Akihito (b. 1910)
2014 β Herman Pieter de Boer, Dutch writer (b. 1928)
2014 β Juanita Moore, American actress (b. 1914)
2014 β Billy McColl, Scottish actor (b. 1951)
2015 β Omar Karami, Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1934)
2015 β Mario Cuomo, American politician, 52nd Governor of New York (b. 1932)
2015 β Ulrich Beck, German sociologist (b. 1944)
2015 β Staryl C. Austin, American air force general (b. 1920)
2015 β Boris Morukov, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut (b. 1950)
2015 β Jeff Golub, American guitarist (b. 1955)
2015 β Mrunalini Devi Puar, Indian educator (b. 1931)
2015 β Eric Cunningham, Canadian politician (b. 1949)
2015 β Miller Williams, American poet (b. 1930)
2015 β Donna Douglas, American actress (b. 1933)
2015 β GΓ©ry Leuliet, French bishop (b. 1910)
From 2016
2016 β Fazu Aliyeva, Russian poet and journalist (b. 1932)
2016 β Lennie Bluett, American actor (b. 1919)
2016 β Antonio Carrizo, Argentine broadcaster (b. 1926)
2016 β Mike Oxley, American politician (b. 1944)
2016 β Brian Johns, Australian businessman (b. 1936)
2016 β Dale Bumpers, American politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (b. 1925)
2016 β Gilbert Kaplan, American conductor and businessman (b. 1941)
2016 β Ian Pieris, Sri Lankan cricketer (b. 1933)
2016 β Jim Ross, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
2016 β Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer (b. 1930)
2017 β Tony Atkinson, English economist (b. 1944)
2017 β Hilarion Capucci, Syrian theologian, bishop and activist (b. 1922)
2017 β Mel Lopez, Filipino politician (b. 1935)
2017 β Memo Morales, Venezuelan singer (b. 1937)
2017 β Yaakov Neeman, Israeli lawyer and politician (b. 1939)
2017 β Emmanuel Niyonkuru, Burundian politician (b. 1962)
2017 β Derek Parfit, English philosopher (b. 1942)
2017 β Alfonso Wong, Hong Kong cartoonist (b. 1924)
2017 β Aleksander Jackowski, Polish anthropologist (b. 1920)
2017 β Jeremy Stone, American scientist and arms control activist (b. 1935)
2018 β Jahn Otto Johansen, Norwegian editor (b. 1934)
2018 β Robert Mann, American violinist, composer and conductor (b. 1920)
2018 β Ebrahim Nafae, Egyptian journalist (b. 1934)
2018 β Manuel Olivencia, Spanish lawyer and economist (b. 1929)
2018 β Mauro Staccioli, Italian sculptor (b. 1937)
2018 β Tim Sweeney, Irish hurler (b. 1929)
2020 β Don Larsen, American baseball pitcher (b. 1929)
2020 β David Stern, NBA commissioner (b. 1942)
Observances
Solemnity of Mary, the Holy Mother of God β Roman Catholic Church
New Year's Day
Founding Day (Republic of China)
Independence Day (Brunei, Haiti, Sudan)
End of Kwanzaa (United States)
Triumph of the Revolution (Cuba)
Constitution Day (Italy)
References
01-01 |
7504 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seth%20Green | Seth Green | Seth Benjamin Green (born Seth Benjamin Gesshel-Green; February 8, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, and voice talent. He became famous in the late 1990s after appearing in many teen movies. His most notable roles include Scott Evil in the Austin Powers series of movies, Chris Griffin on the television series Family Guy, Patrick Wisely in Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed, Dan Mott in Without a Paddle and Daniel "Oz" Osborne on the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, in which he is cast as Willow Rosenberg's werewolf boyfriend. Green is also the creator of Adult Swim's Robot Chicken.
Filmography
Film
Television
Web
Video games
References
American television actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
Whedonverse
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Comedians from Pennsylvania
1974 births
Living people |
7506 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashton%20Kutcher | Ashton Kutcher | Ashton Christopher Kutcher, is an American actor, producer, and former model. He became well known when he played Michael Kelso on That '70s Show. In 2003, Kutcher produced and starred in his own series, Punk'd, as the host.
In May 2011, Kutcher was announced as Charlie Sheen's replacement on the series Two and a Half Men. Kutcher's contract was for one year and was believed to be worth nearly $20 million.
Early life
Kutcher was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He is the son of Diane (nΓ©e Finnegan), a Procter & Gamble employee, and Larry M. Kutcher, a factory worker. His father is of Bohemian (Czech) ancestry and his mother is of Irish, German, and Bohemian ancestry. Kutcher was raised in a conservative Roman Catholic family, Kutcher has a twin brother, Michael, who had a heart transplant when the brothers were young children. Kutcher's twin brother also has cerebral palsy.
Personal life
Kutcher is a student of Kabbalah.
In 2006, People magazine ranked him third in its yearly list of "The Sexiest Men Alive".
In 2003, Kutcher started a relationship with older actress Demi Moore. They married in 2005. The couple separated in 2011. The couple's divorce was finalized in November 2013. Kutcher has been in a relationship with Mila Kunis since April 2012. The couple became engaged in February 2014. Their daughter was born in September 2014.
Kutcher is in advertisements for Nikon cameras. In July 2011, Brazilian fashion label Colcci hired Kutcher and Alessandra Ambrosio to be in a denim advertisement.
On April 16, 2009, Kutcher became the first user of Twitter to have more than 1,000,000 followers.
As a producer
Awards
References
Other websites
Actors from Iowa
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American television personalities
American television producers
Comedians from Iowa
Actors from Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Twin people from the United States
1978 births
Living people
People's Choice Award winners |
7508 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus%20Torvalds | Linus Torvalds | Linus Benedict Torvalds ( , ; born 28 December 1969) is a Finnish-American software engineer.
His parents named him after Linus Pauling. He studied at the University of Helsinki from 1988 to 1996. He became famous because of the success of his operating system, Linux. He started making this system as a student project in 1991. He based it on the popular UNIX operating system. Today, Linux has become the most popular free operating system.
Linus is the leader of the Linux project, which has many members around the world. He is the one person who can make decisions about changes or future development on the operating system. He also made the version control system Git. He now lives with his family in the United States.
Linus chose the penguin to be the logo of Linux. A picture of a penguin called Tux appears on many desktop computers that run Linux.
References
Other websites
Linus Torvalds' personal homepage
The Linux Kernel Archives - the Linux kernel source provided by the Kernel.org Organization
1969 births
Living people
Finnish scientists
Computer scientists
Linux
People from Helsinki
American bloggers |
7509 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferson | Thomas Jefferson | Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 β July 4, 1826) was the third president of the United States. He wrote the Declaration of Independence while others signed it and wrote the Statute of Religious Freedom.
He was also a planter with many slaves, though he freed several people in the Hemings family.
Early life
Jefferson, the third of ten children, was born on April 13, 1743 in Shadwell, Virginia into a planter family. His parents were Peter and Jane Jefferson. He had six sisters and three brothers. At 9 years old, Thomas Jefferson began studying Latin, Greek, and French; he also learned to ride horses, with highest honors. He went on to become a lawyer.
In January 1772, Jefferson married Martha Wayles Skelton, with whom he had 6 children.
Political life
Jefferson wanted the Thirteen Colonies to be free from Great Britain. Jefferson quickly assumed a leadership rule among like-minded men of his generation. He was a member of the Second Continental Congress. He was chosen to be in the group of officials that wrote the Declaration of Independence and was its main writer.
He was minister to France from 1785β1789.
He was selected by George Washington as the first Secretary of State. Jefferson thought that the federal government should be small. He had the opposite view of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton about the federal government. Together with James Madison in 1792, he founded a party to oppose Hamilton and the Federalist Party. This party was the Democratic-Republican Party. One fraction of the party became the modern-day Democratic Party.
Jefferson ran for president against John Adams. He got the second highest number of votes and, as was the law at the time, became vice-president.
Presidency
Jefferson ran again as the Democratic-Republican candidate in 1800 and won. He was elected again in 1804. Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the United States.
He sent the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the land the United States got by the Louisiana Purchase. Jefferson had to deal with the threat of war during his second term. Great Britain and France were at war for almost all of his time as president. Each side did things that could have made the United States enter the war. Jefferson worked hard to keep the United States out of the war and not be a part of it.
Jefferson passed the Embargo Act of 1807, which made it illegal for the United States to trade with other countries. This upheld his isolationist policy, or separation from the rest of the world.
Later years
Jefferson started the University of Virginia.
At Monticello, Jefferson had several children with an enslaved woman named Sally Hemings. When his oldest daughter's husband was disowned, she and her children came to live at Monticello too.
When the British burned Washington D.C. during the War of 1812 many books in the Library of Congress were burned. Jefferson sold his own personal library to replace the lost books.
He died on July 4, 1826 from pneumonia complicated by uremia, on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. John Adams died on the same day.
Monuments and museums
There is a Thomas Jefferson Memorial near the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Jefferson is one of the four presidents on Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. Also, visitors can visit his home at the Monticello near Charlottesville, Virginia.
References
Other websites
Jefferson's White House biography
1743 births
1826 deaths
American deists
Deaths from uremia
American revolutionaries
Businesspeople from Virginia
Deaths from pneumonia
Democratic Republican party (US) politicians
Founding Fathers of the United States
Governors of Virginia
Presidents of the United States
Signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence
United States Secretaries of State
Vice Presidents of the United States
19th-century American politicians
18th-century American politicians |
7510 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti | Tahiti | Tahiti is an island in the southern Pacific Ocean. It is part of the French Polynesia. Papeete is the capital and largest city. Other major cities are Faaa and Mahina. About 169 674 people live there (2002). The languages that are spoken in Tahiti are French and Tahitian which are both official. In Tahiti (in the Society group) β was claimed by the French in 1768. The Faaa International Airport is the main way of transportation on the island. Air Tahiti Nui is the main plane of the airport which flies to Los Angeles and Paris. Other planes fly to Hawaii, Japan, and other islands in the Pacific Ocean. Air Tahiti flies to other islands in French Polynesia such as Bora Bora.Coconut trees grow along the coast of Tahiti.
References
Islands of French Polynesia |
7513 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva%20%28canton%29 | Geneva (canton) | Geneva is a canton in Switzerland. The capital of the canton is Geneva City.
The French name is Genève, The German name is Genf, in Italian it is Ginevra.
Geneva is the seat of many institutions of the United Nations. It has about 186.000 inhabitants and a very old university. About 960.000 people live in the urban area. Some of the urban area is in France. Only ZΓΌrich has more inhabitants in Switzerland.
History
In 1815, the city-state of Geneva became a part of Switzerland. It had at one time been the capital of the Kingdom of Burgundy.
The first traces of human civilization in Geneva, discovered on the shores of Lake Geneva , date from around 3000 BC. The hill of the Old City, however, was not inhabited until 1000 BC. Later, when Rome conquered Geneva, it was defended by a small Celtic tribe. In 58 BC, Julius Caesar drove off an attack by the Helvetii. At the height of the Roman Empire, around 400 AD, Geneva was granted its own bishop.
Municipalities
Geneva does not have any districts. There are 45 municipalities in the canton:
References |
7514 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20John%20Heinz%20III | H. John Heinz III | Henry John Heinz III (October 23, 1938 β April 4, 1991) was an American politician from Pennsylvania and the great-grandson of the founder of H. J. Heinz Company. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977 and was a US senator from 1977-1991. He was killed in a plane crash in 1991.
Heinz married Teresa SimΓ΅es-Ferreira on February 5, 1966 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The couple had three sons together: H. John Heinz IV, AndrΓ©, and Christopher.
A number of places are named after Heinz, including:
Senator H. John Heinz III Archives at the Carnegie Mellon University Libraries
H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management
H. John Heinz III Center For Science, Economics and The Environment
H. John Heinz III Center For the Performing Arts (Heinz Hall), home of the Pittsburgh Symphony
Senator John Heinz History Center
1938 births
1991 deaths
Aviation deaths in the United States
Politicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
United States senators from Pennsylvania
US Republican Party politicians |
7515 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tempest | The Tempest | The Tempest is one of William Shakespeare's last comedies. It tells the story of a wizard who drives a ship to the island he lives on, in order to undo something that happened to him in the past. Unlike most of Shakespeare's plays, it does not appear to be based off an earlier story. With one exception of his lesser known play everyday use.
Story
The play is set on an island where a magician called Prospero lives with his daughter Miranda. The only company is Ariel, a spirit that Prospero rescued, and Caliban, a monster that Prospero has enslaved. Prospero conjures a storm that drives a ship to the island. Prospero explains to Miranda that there are men on board the ship who have done wrong against him. He used to be the Duke of Milan but was overthrown by his brother Antonio, with the help of Alonso, the King of Naples. Prospero and Miranda were cast out to sea in a boat, which took them to the island. Miranda was only a baby at the time, and can only remember living on the island.
The passengers of the ship escape onto the island and are separated into groups. Alonso and his son Ferdinand both think each other is dead. Alonso is left with his brother Sebastian, Antonio and his kindly advisor Gonzalo. Ferdinand meets Miranda and falls in love. Prospero tests Ferdinand to see if he is worthy enough for his daughter, and decides that he is. Antonio and Sebastian plot to kill Alonso and Gonzalo, but are stopped by Ariel. Meanwhile, Caliban meets two servants, Trinculo and Stephano. He persuades them to overthrow Prospero so that they can rule the island. Prospero stops them by summoning goblins and hounds to chase them away.
Ariel transforms into a fearsome bird-like creature and confronts Antonio, Alonso and Sebastian, telling them they should be sorry for overthrowing Prospero. They flee and eventually find Prospero. He announces that he will forgive everyone who plotted against him (including Caliban), give up magic and return to Milan. They react in different ways; Alonso is sorry for what he has done, while Antonio thinks the forgiveness is "unnatural". It is revealed that the ship and all the passengers survived the "shipwreck". Prospero sets Ariel free, and he and Miranda join everyone else in heading off back to Italy.
Main characters
Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, who is a magician
Miranda, Prospero's daughter
Ariel, an airy spirit who used to be a slave of Sycorax
Caliban, a savage and deformed slave
Alonso, King of Naples
Ferdinand, son of Alonso
Sebastian, Alonso's brother
Antonio, Prospero's brother, the usurping Duke of Milan
Gonzalo, an honest old councillor
Adrian and Francisco, lords
Sycorax (unseen), a deceased sorceress and mother of Caliban, who was banished to the island before Prospero arrived and enslaved the spirits on the island, including Ariel.
Parallels with Forbidden Planet
The 1956 science fiction film Forbidden Planet set the story on a planet in space, Altair IV, instead of an island.
Professor Morbius (Walter Pidgeon) and his daughter Altaira (Anne Francis) are the Prospero and Miranda figures (both Prospero and Morbius having harnessed the mighty forces that inhabit their new homes). Ariel is represented by the helpful Robbie the Robot, while Sycorax is replaced with the powerful race of the Krell. Caliban is represented by the dangerous and invisible "monster from the id", a projection of Morbius' psyche born from the Krell technology instead of Sycorax's womb.
Other websites
Shakespeare's The Tempest: The Wise Man as Hero
The Theme of Natural Order in "The Tempest"
Form and Disorder in The Tempest
The Magic of Charity: A Background to Prospero
The Tempest - plain vanilla text from Project Gutenberg
The Tempest - scene indexed, online version of the play.
The Tempest - HTML version of this title.
Bermoothes in E. Cobham Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable (1898).
Lesson plans for The Tempest at Web English Teacher
William Strachey's "True Reportory" original-spelling version at Virtual Jamestown.
References
Plays by William Shakespeare |
7517 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar | Calendar | A calendar is a tool for organizing days. People use calendars to say when something happened, and for planning things that have not happened yet. The calendar gives the days names and numbers, called calendar dates. The dates are usually made based on how things in the sky seem to move. The year and month are based on motions of the Sun and moon. By knowing what day something happened or will happen, people have an easier life. Since the beginning of history, knowing when the seasons would start for crops was very important for farmers and people who eat.
Calendar systems have a beginning time or era. The calendar era is often a religion-based event, such as the birth of Jesus, but it may be a political event such as a coronation or the founding of a state. Dates that are counted from the coronation are called "regnal".
The three principal calendars most used today are the Gregorian, Hebrew, and Islamic calendars. Other calendar systems from many different parts of the world are also used.
Basis
Calendars are based on three natural things:
The Earth turns all the way around its axis.
The Moon goes all the way around the Earth.
The Earth goes all the way around the Sun.
The Earth turns all the way around its axis about 24 hours. It is called the Solar Day. Days of most calendars are strongly based on the Solar Day.
The Moon turns all the way around the Earth about 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 2 seconds. Months of some calendars are still strongly based on the Moon. These are called Lunar calendars, which lasts about 354-355 days. Solar calendars ignore the moon, and depend entirely on the Sun.
The Earth goes all the way around the Sun in about 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. This is called the Tropical Year. Years of most calendars are strongly based on the Tropical Year.
Related pages
Anno Domini (AD)
Common Era (CE)
Friday (Muslim)
Saturday (Jewish)
Sunday (Christian)
Gregorian calendar (Christian)
Hebrew calendar (Jewish)
Islamic calendar (Muslim)
Other websites
Calendar for many years, for many countries
Calendar -Citizendium |
7518 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall%20Cobb | Randall Cobb | Randall "Tex" Cobb (born 1950) was an American boxer from Texas. He fought champion boxer Larry Holmes for the WBC World Heavyweight title at Houston's Astrodome on November 26, 1982. Holmes beat Cobb, winning all 15 rounds on two scorecards, and fourteen out of fifteen on the third (scores of 150-135 twice and 149-136). This fight surprised sportscaster Howard Cosell so much that he said that he would never cover another fight. After this many sportsfans all over the world wrote to Cobb and thanked him for trying. Cobb was a fighter who had hitting power, as shown by his eighth-round knockout win over Earnie Shavers. He was never knocked out. Cobb briefly became a kickboxer and then a Hollywood actor. He has played "bad guys" in movies like The Naked Gun and Raising Arizona.
Cobb also fought Michael Dokes twice during his boxing career, losing both fights.
Other websites
American boxers
American movie actors
Sportspeople from Texas
Actors from Texas
1950 births
Living people |
7519 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilino%20Pimentel%20Jr. | Aquilino Pimentel Jr. | Aquilino Quilinging Pimentel Jr. (December 11, 1933 β October 20, 2019), also known as Nene, was a politician in the Philippines.
Career
He was first elected as a delegate to the 1971 Constitutional Convention. He then went into exile when President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law. He came back in 1980 and was elected as mayor of Cagayan de Oro City in Misamis Oriental. He was removed as mayor 1982. He returned as mayor again in 1984. He was elected as an Assemblyman in the Batasang Pambansa (National Assembly), serving from 1984 to 1986.
After the EDSA Revolution, President Corazon Aquino appointed him as Minister of Local Government and Presidential adviser/chief negotiator with the Muslim insurgents in Mindanao. He then was elected Senator (1987β1992). As senator, he wrote the Local Government Code. He tried to become Vice President in 1992. He ran under the Liberal Party with Jovito Salonga running for President. He finished fifth among the vice presidential candidates with 9.9% of the vote.
In 1995, He ran for another term as senator but lost. Cheating was suspected in that election. He took the case to the Supreme Court. He won the suit in 2004. In 1998, he ran again for another term in the Senate of the Philippines, from 1998 to 2004 and won. He was also elected as the 19th President of the Senate. He served as president from 2000 to 2001. He finally left the Senate on June 30, 2010.
As chair of the Blue Ribbon Committee, Pimentel recommended the prosecution of top government officials of previous administrations in relation to the Expo Pilipino centennial scam and the misuse of the funds of the Retirement and Separation Benefits Systems of the Armed Forces. He also recommended the prosecution of certain people working for the Land Registration Administration for involvement in making false land titles. His committee also conducted series of investigations into the jueteng scandal.
As Chair of the Committee on Local Government, he has supported far-reaching amendments to strengthen the role of local government units (LGUs) in national development. He also got senate approval to return the police to the supervision of LGUs and has wrote a law to fix the date for elections of ARMM officials.
He was the president and founder of the PDP-Laban party.
Death
Pimentel Jr. died on October 20, 2019 in Manila of pneumonia caused by lymphoma at the age of 85.
References
Other websites
Senate of the Philippines
Aquilino Pimentel's Official Personal Website
Aquilino Pimentel's Assets and Liabilities
Philippine Fathers: Aquilino Pimentel Jr.
1933 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from lymphoma
Presidents of the Senate of the Philippines
Majority leaders of the Senate of the Philippines
Minority leaders of the Senate of the Philippines
Legislative speakers |
7521 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%20Robertson | Pat Robertson | Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (born March 22, 1930) is an American evangelist and host of the 700 Club, a Christian news and talk show on television. He ran for President in 1988 against George H.W. Bush, but did not win the primaries. He has said several times that natural disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina and the 2010 Haiti earthquake, were punishments from God.
References
1930 births
Living people
American activists
American Baptists
American conservatives
Anti-Communists
Anti-pornography activists
Christian religious leaders
Southern Baptist Convention
Television evangelists
1988 United States presidential candidates
Zionists |
7522 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20House | Full House | Full House is an American comedy television series set in San Francisco. It originally aired from 1987 to 1995. It told the story of Danny Tanner (Bob Saget), a man whose wife has died and is left alone with his three daughters, DJ (Candace Cameron), Stephanie (Jodie Sweetin), and Michelle (Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen). He recruits his best friend, Joey Gladstone (Dave Coulier), a childlike stand-up comedian, and his brother-in-law (and the girls' uncle) Jesse Katsopolis (John Stamos), a struggling musican, to move in and help look after the girls.
The series is often criticised for its sickly sweet and unrealistic plotline and corny jokes, even though it ran for many years; some episodes dealt with real problems such as child abuse, drinking, and lying. Yet it has remained, in recent years, one of the very few adult comedy series that parents can watch with their kids.
In August 2014 it was announced that plans were underway to reboot the series which would reunite most of the original cast. In 2016, Fuller House began airing on Netflix.
Characters
Jesse Katsopolis
Jesse Katsopolis is the brother-in-law of Danny, the younger brother of Pam and the uncle of her daughters D.J., Stephanie and Michelle. One day, Jesse marries Rebecca "Becky" Donaldson. He becomes a father of twins, Nicky and Alex. His real name is Hermes Katsopolis, but as a child, he was mocked. So he asked his parents to change his first name in Jesse. When he became an adult, he learnt to appreciate his real name. Nevertheless, he wants to be called Jesse. He is possessed by his hair. He often talks about it and treat it. In the beginning he had long hair. When Stephanie cut his long hair by mistake, Jesse was complete upset. In contrast to Danny, Jesse often tends to careless decisions and inappropriate behaviour, especially if it's about to be well off with his nieces. He allows the girls many things, which the father wouldn't approve it. In time Jesse shows his adult side. When he gets excitement, he often uses the saying: "Have Mercy". Apart from adoring his hair, Jesse is a big fan of Elvis Presley. He's also a musician and singer of the band "Jesse and the Rippers". Although they have a lot of minor gigs, their success is not remarkable. That's why he has to work for the company of his father as a pest controller on the side. In addition to that, Jesse strives for a careerΒ in the advertising and composes jingles with Joey, which he sells to different companies. In the sixth season it becomes well-known that Jesse has no high school diploma. He keeps it secret from his family. When the truth brings to light, he catches up on his final exam. Later, he presents the popular radio show "Rush Hour Renegades" with Joey. He becomes an owner of a nightclub called "The Smash Club" in the seventh season and after that he creates a new band "Hot Daddy" and "The Monkey Puppets".
Daniel "Danny" Ernest Tanner
Danny Tanner is the father of D.J., Stephanie and Michelle. His wife died in a traffic accident, which caused a drunk car driver. That's why he looks after his daughters many times. Besides, Jesse and Joey help him. Danny is shown as a demanding father of the nineties. He speaks to his daughters or his friends honest. When they have problems, Danny helps them to solve it. He brings up his children in an old-fashioned way. But Jesse and Joey have a modern way, which Danny's daughters prefer. Danny loves to clean his house, especially his furniture. He is enthusiastic to do the spring-cleaning every day. His daughters and his both friends are not very fascinated. Danny's characteristic is to digress from a topic talking too much. His fellow men don't like it. In the beginning Danny works for the local news broadcast "Canal 8". In the second season he becomes a co-moderator of Rebecca Donaldson, who marries Jesse later, at the morning show "Wake Up, San Francisco". During the series, Danny tries to find a new wife, but it always doesn't work, because he always criticize anyone woman. He gets to know his co-moderator Vicky Larson, who stands in for the pregnant woman Becky. Danny falls in love with her. In the sixth season, they get engaged to each other. But when Vicky gets an offer to work in New York, they separate. In the eighth season, he meets the single mother Claire Mahan and they become a pair.
Joseph "Joey" Alvin Gladstone
Joey Gladstone is the best friend of Danny Tanner from his childhood. When Danny's wife dies, he moves in with him helping him to bring up Danny's daughters D.J., Stephanie and Michelle. He settles the problems of the children very sensible and understanding. Because of it, it's abused his trust. Joey works as a Stand-up-Comedian. He likes to imitate comic-figure like Popeye, Bullwinkle J. Moose or PepΓ© Le Pew. In the beginning Joey doesn't have an own room in Danny's house. So, he sleeps in the niche of Danny's living room. So that Joey has privacy, Danny transforms his underground parking lot into a bedroom. Because he doesn't work normal, he takes care of Danny's children: He prepares the breakfast for them, he helps them to do the homeworks, he gets them to school and other activities. By the way, Joey often takes care of Michelle when she is a baby. But he never complains. He means, if he carries out the tasks, he feels a member of the family. Joey's father worked in the US Arms and brought up him very strict. Therefore, Joey had to suffer as a child and they hadn't a good contact. D.J. and Stephanie manage to end the argument. Pushing on with his job as a comedian. When the second season starts, he sells jingles with Jesse. On the side, Joey becomes a moderator of programme for children and plays in a popular daily soap. Later, he presents the popular radio show Rush Hour Renegades with Jesse. During the serie, Joey has a few relationships, but they don't work for a long time.
Rebecca βBeckyβ Donaldson-Katsopolis
Rebecca Donaldson-Katsopolis is the Co-Moderator of Danny at Wake Up, San Francisco and later she becomes the wife of Jesse Katsopolis. She grew up in a farm in Valentine, Nebraska. Becky makes friend with Danny. During the serie, she turns out to a kind of mother for the daughters. Becky falls in love with Jesse, but she doesn't want to admit her feelings. They become a pair after some events. At the end of the second season during a trip with the family to Lake Tahoe, Jesse and Becky get engaged each other and want to marry immediate. At the wedding ceremony Becky sees that they don't ready yet for it. Finally they marry on Valentine's Day in the fourth season. After the wedding Jesse moves in with Becky. But she notices that he misses his family. Therefore, she decides to live at the Tanners with Jesse. Creating a good place for them, Joey and Jesse change the loft of the house into an apartment. In the fifth season, she becomes mother of twins: Nicky and Alex. In the eighth season, Becky becomes the producer of Wake Up, San Francisco. Danny feels ignored and quits almost his job as moderator. During the Serie, Becky often tries to persuade Jesse travelling to Nebraska in holidays for visiting her parents. But Jesse doesn't like it. He recommends to travel to Graceland.
Donna Jo "D.J." Margaret Tanner
D.J. Tanner is the oldest daughter of Danny and Pam Tanner and the oldest sister of Stephanie and Michelle. In the beginning she is ten years old. D.J. is usually the daughter, who is shown as an example for her younger sisters. Although she often argues with them, she is very worried about them. D.J. is a straight-A student and Danny is very proud of it. In the first seasons, she often argues with her father, Jesse or Joey, because she doesn't always follow her limits. At the end she always realize her instructions and apologizes for her inappropriate behaviour. When Jesse and Joey move in with the family Tanner in the first episode, D.J. is forced to share her bedroom with Stephanie. Because she wants more privacy, she can convince her father to need an own room in the fifth season. Then Michelle gives her room D.J. and moves in with Steph. D.J.'s best friend is Kimmy Gibbler, a school friend. They're not similar. During the series, D.J. shows different interests, for example: music, ride a horse or karate. In the fourth season, she becomes an editor-in-chief of the school newspaper at her high school. In the course of growing up, D.J. takes care of seriously topics like puberty and boys. Her first real relationship is Steve Hale. They separate in the eighth season and decide to stay friends. During the last season, D.J. has relationships with the guitarist Viper and the rich Nelson. At the end, Steve accompanies D.J. to the final ball.
Stephanie "Steph" Judith Tanner
Stephanie Tanner is a sarcastic child of Danny and Pam Tanner. She's the younger sister of D.J. and the older sister of Michelle. Her mother died, when she was five years old. In the former seasons of the series, when she feels indignant, she often says "How rude!". Steph often spies on her sister D.J. For example, she reads her diary and listen into her telephone conversations. But she's always caught. Steph is the sportiest and most inquisitive of the Tanner family. Her best friends of the High School are Gia Mahan and Mickey. She meets them in the seventh season. She creates a girlband with Gia and two other friends, but the band disbands, because of her schooling. Stephanie is the only sister, who touches the hardest topics of young persons like the group pressure including smoking and flirting on parties. During the earlier years, her favorite toy is Mr. Bear (a soft toy), which means a lot to her, because it was the last gift of her mother before she died. Steph doesn't like D.J.'s best friend Kimmy Gibbler and often argues with her.
Michelle Elizabeth Tanner
Michelle Tanner is the youngest daughter of Danny and Pam Tanner. The younger sister of D.J. and Stephanie and the spoiled baby of the family. Michelle was a baby, when her mother died. Therefore, she is the only member of the family, who can't remember her. In the beginning of the series, Jesse and Joey's inexperience towards the contact of the baby causes a lot of funny situations. At first Michelle distinguishes with her childish manners. But her father often punishes her. When Michelle grows up, she becomes the centre of the series and is included in the series. Her best friends are the child next door Teddy and her classmate Denise. She also has other friends like Derek Boyd, Lisa Leeper and Aaron Bailey. Michelle's favorite toys are Barney (a furry teddy bear), which hangs on the wall above her bed, and her pink stuffed pig. Michelle has a close relationship to her uncle Jesse. He allows her many things. Michelle is well-known to say sassy slogans like "Aw nuts", "You got it dude" and "You're in big trouble, mister".
Main cast
References
Notes
Other websites
FH4ever.com - Full House Community
1987 American television series debuts
1995 television series endings
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
1990s American sitcoms
Television series set in San Francisco
1980s American sitcoms
English-language television programs |
7523 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888 | 1888 | This page lists things that happened in the year 1888.
Births
August 9 - Fred C. Newmeyerββ, American actor and director (d. 1967)
December 22 - J. Arthur Rank, movie executive (d. 1972)
Deaths
March 6 β Louisa May Alcott, American writer (Little Women, etc.)
Events
Glasgow Celtic Cup started.
The Year of the Three Emperors happens.
The Children's Blizzard occurred.
Movies released
Roundhay Garden Scene |
7524 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20Press | Hot Press | Hot Press is a music and political magazine. It was founded in 1977. The magazine is based in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. It is different from other similar magazines by its anti-establishment opinion and the amount of focus on Irish music, most notably early U2. It is currently edited by Niall Stokes.
Other websites
Hot Press home page
Music magazines
Politics of Ireland
Republic of Ireland |
7525 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama%20Song | Alabama Song | The "Alabama Song" comes from the 1930 operetta Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny. The music is by Kurt Weill; officially the lyrics are by Bertolt Brecht, but were probably actually written by Elisabeth Hauptmann. The lyrics for the "Alabama Song" are in English (although a specific type of English) and are performed in that language even when the opera is performed in its original German.
The song has often been covered, perhaps most famously in 1967 by The Doors; unsurprisingly, Jim Morrison changed the lyric "Show us the way to the next pretty boy" to "Show me the way to the next little girl."
1930s songs
1930 works |
7526 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doors | The Doors | The Doors were an American rock band. They were one of the most popular rock groups of all time. Led by singer Jim Morrison, along with Ray Manzarek (keyboards), Robby Krieger (guitar) and John Densmore (drums), the group is thought of today as a major influence on rock music, and they are still just as popular as they ever were, if not more popular.
The group was widely known for its lead singer, Jim Morrison, who was famous for his love of alcohol and illegal drugs. Morrison often sang at concerts after using alcohol and drugs, sometimes so drunk that he could not remember the words to his own songs. Once, Morrison was said to have shown his private parts to the audience, and he was charged with a crime.
Morrison died in Paris, France, on July 3, 1971. His death is thought to have been caused by a heart attack brought on by a drug overdose.
There is a 1991 movie about them, also called The Doors. It was directed by Oliver Stone and starred Val Kilmer as Jim Morrison.
Discography
Studio albums
The Doors (1967)
Strange Days (1967)
Waiting for the Sun (1968)
The Soft Parade (1969)
Morrison Hotel (1970)
L.A. Woman (1971)
Other Voices (1971)
Full Circle (1972)
Notes
1965 establishments in California
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1973 disestablishments
1970s disestablishments in California
American rock bands
Musical groups disestablished in the 1970s
Musical groups established in 1965
Musical groups from Los Angeles |
7529 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%20Gilley | Mickey Gilley | Mickey Gilley (born March 9, 1936) is a country musician and singer. He is a cousin of Jerry Lee Lewis and Jimmy Swaggart. He is best known for his nightclub "Gilley's" which was featured in the movie Urban Cowboy and his hit song "Don't The Girls All Get Prettier At Closing Time".
Related pages
List of country musicians from Mississippi
1936 births
Living people
Musicians from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
American country singers
Gilley, Mickey |
7530 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Lee%20Lewis | Jerry Lee Lewis | Jerry Lee Lewis (born September 29, 1935) is an American musician. He was born in Ferriday, Louisiana and is a cousin of Mickey Gilley and Jimmy Swaggart. Like other music players who were known by many people around the same time as him Johnny Cash, Elvis Presley, Roy Orbison, and Carl Perkins, he sang gospel and country music before becoming well known for rock and roll. He was known for his wild style of piano playing and songs like "Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On" and "Great Balls of Fire".
Lewis got a career boost, when he performed on The Steve Allen Show. His first son was named Steve Allen Lewis, as a tribute.
At a time when Lewis was very popular, people found out that his third wife, Myra Gale Brown, was a thirteen-year-old distant cousin of his. People thought this was bad, and his career nearly came to an end. In the early 1960s, he made a comeback, but throughout the next two decades (groups of ten years) he suffered many personal problems, including health problems, and divorce.
Even though he has had problems, he is still active and people think of him as an icon and pioneer of popular music.
A 1989 movie, Great Balls of Fire, starring Dennis Quaid and Winona Ryder, is about his life.
Other websites
American rock musicians
Country musicians
Musicians from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
Singers from Mississippi
Musicians from Mississippi
1935 births
Living people |
7531 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Swaggart | Jimmy Swaggart | Jimmy Lee Swaggert (born March 15, 1935) is an American Pentecostal televangelist (a preacher who gives services on TV). His church, Family Worship Center, is in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Swaggart first started his television ministry in 1975, and it continues today, over 33 years later. The show airs nationally across the U.S. and overseas. The weekly Jimmy Swaggart Telecast and A Study in the Word are shown nationwide and overseas on 78 channels in 104 countries and live over the Internet. He preaches a message called "The Cross" which is that you can only get to heaven through Jesus.
Swaggart was born in Ferriday, Louisiana, USA. He is a cousin of musicians Jerry Lee Lewis and Mickey Gilley. Swaggart is married to Frances Swaggart, who hosts the popular SonLife Radio program, Frances and Friends. They have one son, Donnie, who is also a minister. They have three grandchildren, Jennifer, Gabriel and Matthew Swaggart. Gabriel also serves the ministry as pastor of Crossfire Youth Ministries.
He has also been a very controversial figure, too. He was caught with a prostitute in 1987, but later asked God (and the public) for forgiveness. He was caught again in 1991.
References
1935 births
Living people
American Pentecostals
People from Louisiana
Television evangelists |
7532 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Cash | Johnny Cash | John R. "Johnny" Cash (born J. R. Cash; February 26, 1932Β β September 12, 2003) was a Grammy Award-winning American musician, actor and author. He is considered one of the most important musicians of the 20th century. He is well known for his country music, his music spanned many other genres, including gospel, folk and rock and roll. Because of this, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and the Gospel Music Hall of Fame. He died from diabetes on September 12, 2003 he was 71 years old.
Early Life
Cash was born John R. Cash in Kingsland, Arkansas in the United States on February 26, 1932. His parents called him "J.R. Cash" because they could not think of a name. He only started using the name "Johnny Cash" when he started making music. He started working in fields when he was five years old, singing with his family. He had an older brother, Jack, who died when Johnny was 12. Cash started smoking at 12 years old.
Cash's first memories had a lot of gospel music in. He was taught by his mother and her friend to play the guitar and sing. When he was 18, he joined the United States Air Force where he made his first band, called 'The Landsberg Barbarians'. He left the military in 1954.
Cash was arrested multiple times. Once he broke his toe when he tried to escape by kicking the bars of his jail cell.
Career
Cash was often called "The Man in Black" because of the clothes he wore, and was best known for his deep voice and powerful music. Early in his career he was very popular because of his 'outlaw' image and rebellious actions, although later in his life he became very humble.
He was well known for the free concerts he held for prisoners and by starting most of his concerts with the words "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash". Lots of his music focused on making good or bad choices in life and what happens after choices are made. It also focused on sadness and being saved or forgiven by God. Some of his best known songs are "I Walk the Line", "Folsom Prison Blues", "Ring of Fire", "God's Gonna Cut You Down", "A Boy Named Sue", "Hurt", "Mister Garfield", and "Man in Black". Cash often recorded songs that other singers first made popular.
Family Life
Cash met his first wife, Vivian while training in the Air Force. They wrote hundreds of letters to each other while he was in Germany with the Air Force, and married on August 7, 1954. They had four daughters called Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy and Tara. They got a divorce in 1966 because Cash drank too much alcohol, took drugs and had lots of affairs.
Cash asked June Carter Cash to marry him in 1968, while on stage. They got married on March 1st, 1968. She co-wrote one of Johnny's most famous songs, Ring of Fire. They stayed together until she died in 2003.
Death
Cash died on September 12, 2003 in Nashville, Tennessee from complications of diabetes. He was 71 years old. Cash was buried next to his wife, June Carter Cash, who had died 4 months earlier.
Success
Cash sold over 90 million records in his nearly fifty-year career, making in one of the best-selling music artists of all time.
Related pages
List of country musicians from Arkansas
References
Other websites
Johnny Cash Video
1932 births
2003 deaths
Actors from Arkansas
American Baptists
Country musicians from Arkansas
American gospel musicians
American guitarists
American movie actors
American singer-songwriters
American television actors
Writers from Arkansas
American country guitarists
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in the United States
American gospel singers
Singers from Arkansas |
7533 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto%20%28mythology%29 | Pluto (mythology) | Pluto is the god of the underworld in Roman mythology. Pluto was also the god of wealth because diamonds and other jewels come from underground.
A myth about Pluto is that he took Proserpina, who was the daughter of Ceres, to the underworld to be his wife. Ceres cried and did not let plants grow on the Earth. People needed the plants so much that the god Jupiter made Pluto give her up. The deal they worked out was that for six months, Pluto got Proserpina. While Proserpina was in the underworld, no plants could grow on Earth and it was winter. When Proserpina went back to her mother, it was summer. This was how the Romans explained the seasons. Pluto also had a three-headed dog named Cerberus that guarded the gates to the underworld.
The dwarf planet Pluto was named after this god.
Related pages
Hades - Greek mythology version of Pluto
Roman gods and goddesses |
7534 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoism | Maoism | Maoism is the communist (a plan about how countries should work) idea created by the Chinese man Mao Zedong. Mao believed that peasants, not factory workers, should lead the communist revolution (change in government). China followed Maoism when he became leader, in 1949. This created differences with communism in the USSR and Cuba. Maoism is still practiced in China today, but it has become different since Mao died in 1976. Today the Chinese economy is still considered a communistic economy. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) completely controls all aspects of production and sets workers wages artificially low for the "good of all", which is the basic premise of Maoism. All worker production is also relegated to the overall good and equality of all, the definition of which is also determined by the state (CCP). This effectively shackles the profit motive (upward wage mobility) for the working class, as upward mobility is all but nonexistent except for those in line with, or actively participating in, the Chinese Communist Party.
Overview
Maoism was a theory created because of Maoβs beliefs and ideologies. Similar to Karl Marx, he agrees that a proletariat revolution is essential in order for society to change. As opposed to Marx who states that the factory workers should revolutionize, Mao felt that the farmers in China were the ones in need of this revolution. Marx supports an economically strong state that is industrialized. Mao on the other hand, does not support industrialization or technology.
The reasoning behind this is that he felt that industrialization would give owners the ability to exploit their workers even more which will result in a weakened proletariat class. While Karl Marx viewed industrialization to play vital role in the proletariat since factory workers were most likely the ones suffering under capitalism. Marxism states that βsocial change is driven by the economyβ meaning that society and the economy are intertwined; while Maoism states that willpower is what changes us.
Then in 1960 as the USSR denounced Stalinβs ideas who Mao was an avid admirer of, Maoβs own popularity started to decrease. With the leader Liu Shaoqi, Maoβs policies were no longer in effect. Then in 1964, the βCultural Revolutionβ happened due to the distribution of Maoβs βLittle Red Bookβ which reemphasized his ideologies. This resulted in the deaths of many civilians due to conflicts and fighting between Maoβs party and the Red Guard.
References
Related pages
Chinese Civil War
Other websites
Guiding thought of revolution: the heart of Maoism international project
Marx2Mao.org Mao Internet Library
The Encyclopedia of Marxism Mao Zedong Thought.
The Encyclopedia of Marxism Mao's life.
Monthly Review January 2005 Text of the leaflets distributed by the Zhengzhou Four.
World Revolution Media Maoist revolutionary film, music, and art archive
Batchelor, J. Maoism and Classical Marxism , Clio History Journal, 2009.
Politics of the People's Republic of China
Marxism |
7535 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B | C++ | C++ (pronounced "see plus plus") is a computer programming language based on C. It was created for writing programs for many different purposes. In the 1990s, C++ became one of the most used programming languages in the world.
The C++ programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs in the 1980s, and was originally named "C with classes". The language was planned as an improvement on the C programming language, adding features based on object-oriented programming. Step by step, a lot of advanced features were added to the language, like operator overloading, exception handling and templates.
C++ runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. C++ is simple and practical approach to describe the concepts of C++ for beginners to advanced software engineers.
C++ is a general-purpose programing language which means that it can be used to create different variety of applications. C++ is used for variety of application domains.
Example
The following text is C++ source code and it will write the words "Hello World!" on the screen when it has been compiled and is executed. This program is typically the first program a programmer would write while learning about programming languages.
// This is a comment. It's for *people* to read, not computers. It's usually used to describe the program.
// Make the I/O standard library available for use in the program.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// We are now defining the main function; it is the function run when the program starts.
int main()
{
// Printing a message to the screen using the standard output stream std::cout.
cout << "Hello World!";
}
This program is similar to the last, except it will add 3 + 2 and print the answer instead of "Hello World!".
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
// Print a simple calculation.
std::cout << 3 + 2;
}
This program subtracts, multiplies, divides and then prints the answer on the screen.
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
// Create and initialize 3 variables, a, b, and c, to 5, 10, and 20.
int a = 5;
int b = 10;
int c = 20;
// Print calculations.
std::cout << a-b-c;
std::cout << a*b*c;
std::cout << a/b/c;
}
References
Programming languages |
7537 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean%20War | Korean War | The Korean War, also known as the Forgotten War, took place between 1950 and 1953 between the Republic of Korea (or South Korea), supported by the armed forces of several countries that were commanded by the United States;, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or North Korea), supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. The war began at 4:30 a.m. on June 25, 1950. The fighting stopped on July 27, 1953, after more than two million Koreans had been killed, mostly in the North.
Both sides blame each other for starting the war. The north, led by communist Kim Il-Sung, was helped mostly by People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union. There was medical support from Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Poland. Other support came from Mongolia and India. The south, led by nationalist Syngman Rhee, was helped by many countries in the United Nations, and especially by the United States.
The war ended on April 27, but the United States still keeps troops in South Korea in case North Korea ever invades again. Both Koreas are divided by the Korean Demilitarized Zone, which crosses the 38th parallel.
Origins and causes
In 1910, Japan put Korea under Japanese rule and was still ruling when World War II ended. After Japan surrendered, the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to split Korea into two temporary occupation zones, with the Soviets occupying the North and the Americans occupying the South. It was at first meant to be only for a short time.
At the Moscow Conference of the Council of Foreign Ministers in December 1945, the Americans and the Soviets agreed on Korea having a provisional government, which would not last long. That became difficult because of the rise of the Cold War.
The Cold War was an important cause in the Korean War. Relations between the two occupying powers were already bad, but when China became communist in October 1949, US President Harry Truman was very worried that other countries around China would go communist as well, such as Japan. The US Army was about one twelfth the size of five years earlier. and Joseph Stalin had recently lost a Cold War dispute over the Berlin Blockade and subsequent airlift. Both powers argued mainly over fair border lines and the spread of communism.
Events
25th June 1950
North Korea invades South Korea across the 38th parallel and takes most of South Korea. The South Korean Army retreats to Busan.
July 1950
The United Nations Army intervenes and lands at Incheon, a small port just about halfway down South Korea. From there, they fight the North Korean army and push them past the border separating the Koreas and close to the Chinese border, just south of the Yalu River.
China starts to feel threatened since the war happens so close to it and so tells the UN and the South Korean Armies to return to the border and that they have no business to fight so far into North Korea.
October 1950
The warning given by the Chinese is ignored by the UN (led by US General, Douglas MacArthur and so the Chinese the People's Liberation Army invades North Korea and helps the it fight the UN forces until they are pushed past the border.
December 1950
Because MiG-15s are beating America's Lockheed P-80 Shooting Stars, the F-86 Sabre goes to Korea.
February 1951
Fighting continues until order is restored. and neither army is in each other's country, when peace talks begin.
11 April 1951
MacArthur relieved of his commands for making public statements that contradicted the administration's policies. He wants to invade North Korea.
March 1951 β 27th July 1953
Peace talks continue until 27 July 1953, when no peace is declared, but an armistice is signed by both countries, and the UN withdraws.
Results
Statistics
Total strength
Approximate numbers
United Nations
South Korea β 603,000 soldiers
United States- 327,000
United Kingdom- 14,200
Canada β 8,100
Turkey β 5,500
Australia β 2,300
Philippines β 1,600
New Zealand β 1,400
Netherlands β 3,418
Ethiopia β 1,300
Greece β 1,250
Colombia β 1,300
Thailand β 1,200
Belgium β 891
South Africa β 873
France β 800
Luxembourg β 44
Total β about 972,000 soldiers
Communist
North Korea β 260,600
China β 1,358,456
Soviet Union β 26,000
Total β 1,642,600 soldiers
Losses
United Nations
South Korea β 205,000 deaths β 905,800 wounded
United States β 100,503 deaths β 92,073 wounded
United Kingdom β 1,078 deaths β 2,674 wounded
Turkey β 721 deaths β 2,109 wounded
Canada β 507 deaths β 1,001 wounded
Australia β 380 deaths β 1,192 wounded
New Zealand β 34 deaths β 80 wounded
Netherlands β 150 deaths β 3 MIA
France β 69 deaths
Luxembourg β 2 deaths β 2 wounded
Communists
North Korea β 257,806 deaths
China β about 25,000 deaths
Soviet Union β about 300 deaths
Television
The popular television show M*A*S*H was about American doctors serving in the Korean War. The show lasted longer than the fighting did.
Related pages
Cold War
References
Other websites
A Korean War timeline of events
Search list of names of the dead
Korean War β Citizendium
Cold War
Wars involving Australia
Wars involving Belgium
Wars involving Canada
Wars involving France
Wars involving Greece
Wars involving New Zealand
Wars involving South Africa
Wars involving the Netherlands
Wars involving the United Kingdom
Wars involving the United States
1950s in Asia |
7538 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Landis | John Landis | John Landis (born August 3, 1950) is an American movie director. Landis was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in Los Angeles, California. He started his career working as a mailboy at 20th Century Fox.
Some of his movies are:
The Kentucky Fried Movie
National Lampoon's Animal House
The Blues Brothers
An American Werewolf in London
Trading Places
Into the Night
He directed the music videos for Michael Jackson's "Thriller" and "Black or White". Thriller won the Video Vanguard Award for The Greatest Video in the History of the World.
Other websites
1950 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie directors from Chicago
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Movie producers from Chicago
Screenwriters from Chicago
Screenwriters from Los Angeles |
7545 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%2021 | March 21 | It is the traditional date of the March equinox, although it often falls on March 20.
Events
Up to 1900
537 - Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is prevented from doing so at the Praenestine Gate, known as Vivarium, by the defenders under Byzantine generals Bessas and Peranius.
1152 - The marriage of King Louis VII of France and Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine is annulled, meaning that their marriage is no longer recognized.
1188 - Emperor Antoku comes to the throne of Japan.
1556 β In Oxford, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is burned at the stake.
1684 β Giovanni Domenico Cassini discovers Saturn's moons Tethys and Dione.
1784 β William Herschel discovers the NGC 4379 and NGC 3370 Galaxies.
1788 β A fire destroys 856 buildings in New Orleans and leaves most of the town in ruins.
1800 β With the church leadership driven out of the Vatican during an armed conflict, Pius VII was crowned Pope in Venice with a temporary papal tiara made of papier-mΓ’chΓ©.
1800 - The Republic of the Ionian Islands is founded. Currently, the islands are part of Greece.
1801 β The Battle of Alexandria was fought between British and French forces near the ruins of Nicopolis in Egypt.
1804 β Code NapolΓ©on was adopted as French civil law.
1814 - Napoleonic Wars: Austrian forces repel French troops in the Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube.
1844 β The Baha'i calendar begins.
1846 β Adolphe Sax receives a patent for the Saxophone.
1857 β Earthquake in Tokyo, Japan kills over 100,000.
1865 - American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville ends in a Union victory.
1871 - Otto von Bismarck is appointed Chancellor of the German Empire.
1871 β Journalist Henry Morton Stanley began his trek to find the missionary and explorer David Livingstone.
1901 2000
1913 - Over 360 people are killed and 20,000 homes are destroyed by a flood in Dayton, Ohio.
1918 β World War I: Second Battle of the Somme begins.
1919 - The Chinese High School is established in Singapore by Tan Kah Kee.
1921 - A new economic policy is implemented by the Bolsheviks in response to the economic failure as a result of war communism.
1925 - Syngman Rhee is removed from office as President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.
1925 - The Butler Act bans the teaching of human evolution in Tennessee.
1928 β Charles Lindbergh is presented the Congressional Medal of Honor for his first trans-Atlantic flight.
1933 - Holocaust: Dachau Concentration Camp is completed. Its first prisoners arrive the next day.
1935 β Shah Reza Pahlavi formally asked the international community to call Persia by its native name, Iran, which means 'Land of the Aryans'.
1937 - Ponce Massacre: 19 people, including a 7-year-old girl, are killed in Ponce, Puerto Rico, being gunned down by police guard acting under orders of US-appointed Governor Blanton C. Winship.
1940 β Paul Reynaud becomes Prime Minister of France.
1943 - Wehrmacht officer Rudolf von Gersdorffplots to assassinate Nazi leader Adolf Hitler by using a suicide bomb, though the plan does not go ahead.
1945 β World War II: British troops liberate Mandalay, Burma.
1945 - World War II: Operation Carthage - British planes bomb Gestapo headquarters in Copenhagen, though a school is also hit, killing 125 people.
1945 - World War II: Bulgaria and the Soviet Union successfully complete their defense of the north bank of the Drava River as the Battle of the Transdanubian Hills concludes.
1946 - The Los Angeles Rams sign Kenny Washington, making him the first African American player in American football since 1933.
1952 β Alan Freed presents the Moondog Coronation Ball, the first rock and roll concert, in Cleveland, Ohio.
1960 β Apartheid: Massacre in Sharpeville, South Africa: Police open fire on a group of unarmed black South African demonstrators, killing 69 and wounding 180.
1963 β Alcatraz, a federal penitentiary on an island in San Francisco Bay, closes.
1964 β In Copenhagen, Denmark, Gigliola Cinquetti wins the ninth Eurovision Song Contest for Italy singing "Non ho l'etΓ " (I'm not old enough).
1965 β Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9 which is the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes.
1965 β Martin Luther King Jr leads 3,200 people on the start of the 3rd and finally successful Civil Rights March from Selma to Montgomery Alabama.
1968 - Battle of Karameh in Jordan between Israel's Defense Forces and Fatah.
1970 β The first Earth Day proclamation was issued by San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto.
1970 β Vinko Bogataj crashes during a ski-jumping championship in Germany; his image becomes that of the "agony of defeat guy" in the opening credits of ABC's Wide World of Sports.
1970 β In Amsterdam, Netherlands, Dana wins the fifteenth Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland singing "All Kinds of Everything".
1975 β The Ethiopian military declares an end to Ethiopia's monarchy.
1980 β President Jimmy Carter announces a United States boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow to protest the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan.
1980 β On the season finale of the soap opera Dallas, the infamous character J.R. Ewing is shot by an unseen assailant, leading to the catchphrase "Who Shot JR?"
1985 β Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Rick Hansen begins his circumnavigation in a wheelchair in the name of spinal cord injury medical research.
1989 β Sports Illustrated reports allegations that tie baseball player Pete Rose to baseball gambling.
1990 β Namibia becomes independent after 75 years of South African rule.
1994 - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change enters into force.
1999 β Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon.
2000 - Pope John Paul II visits Israel.
From 2001
2002 β In Pakistan, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh along with three other suspects are charged with murder for their part in the kidnapping and killing of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
2004 β In Malaysia, the 11th Federal and State elections are held, returning the ruling coalition Barisan Nasional to power with an increased majority.
2005 β In Red Lake, Minnesota, 10 are killed in a school shooting, the worst since the Columbine High School massacre.
2006 β The Social networking site Twitter is founded by Jack Dorsey in San Francisco, California.
2010 - The 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver end.
2013 - Justin Welby is officially enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
2014 - Vladimir Putin signs a decree making Crimea part of Russia.
2016 - Congolese politician Jean-Pierre Bemba is convicted of rape, murder and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court in The Hague.
2018 - Pedro Pablo Kuczynski resigns as President of Peru as a result of a corruption scandal.
2019 - A river ferry capsizes near Mosul, Iraq, killing 70 people.
Births
Up to 1900
927 - Emperor Taizu of Song of China (d. 976)
1474 - Angela Merici, Italian religious leader and saint (d. 1540)
1521 - Maurice, Elector of Saxony (d. 1553)
1522 - Mihrimah Sultan, daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent (d. 1578)
1527 - Hermann Finck, German composer (d. 1558)
1626 - Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur, Canary Islands-born Christian missionary (d. 1667)
1672 - Stefano Benedetto Pallavicino, Italian poet and opera librettist (d. 1742)
1685 β Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (d. 1750)
1713 - Francis Lewis, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1803)
1716 - Josef Seger, Bohemian composer (d. 1782)
1763 β Jean Paul, German writer (d. 1825)
1768 β Joseph Fourier, French engineer and mathematician (d. 1830)
1775 β Lucien Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1840)
1786 - Joseph Vance, 13th Governor of Ohio (d. 1852)
1797 - Johann Andreas Wagner, German zoologist (d. 1861)
1801 β Maria Theresa of Tuscany, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1855)
1806 β Benito Juarez, President of Mexico (d. 1872)
1817 - Joseph Poelaert, Belgian architect (d. 1879)
1825 β Alexander Mizhayskiy, Russian aviation pioneer (d. 1890)
1827 - Andrew Leith Adams, Scottish doctor, naturalist and geologist (d. 1882)
1839 β Modest Mussorgsky, Russian composer (d. 1881)
1857 - Alice Henry, Australian activist, journalist and trade unionist (d. 1943)
1859 - Dania Pratt, American golfer (d. 1938)
1865 - George Owen Squier, American inventor (d. 1934)
1867 β Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr., American theater producer (d. 1932)
1869 - David Robertson, Scottish golfer (d. 1937)
1874 - Alfred Tysoe, British athlete (d. 1901)
1876 β Walter Tewksbury, American athlete (d. 1968)
1877 - Maurice Farman, French motor racing champion and aircraft manufacturer (d. 1964)
1880 - Broncho Billy Anderson, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (d. 1971)
1882 - Aleksander Keskula, Estonian politician (d. 1963)
1882 - Bascom Lamar Lunsford, American singer and lawyer (d. 1973)
1883 - Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko, Soviet-Russian politician and diplomat (d. 1938)
1885 β Pierre Renoir, French actor and director (d. 1952)
1886 - Walter Dray, American pole vaulter (d. 1973)
1887 - Erich Mendelsohn, German-American architect (d. 1953)
1887 - M. N. Roy, Indian philosopher and politician (d. 1954)
1889 - Alexander Vertinsky, Soviet-Russian artist, singer and movie actor (d. 1957)
1890 - C. Douglass Buck, Governor of Delaware (d. 1965)
1891 - Jonathan Hale, Canadian-American actor (d. 1966)
1893 - Sidney Franklin, American director and movie producer (d. 1972)
1895 - Leonid Utsoyov, Russian jazz singer, bandleader and actor (d. 1982)
1896 - Friedrich Waismann, Austrian mathematician, physicist and philosopher (d. 1959)
1897 - Salvador Lutteroth, Mexican wrestling promoter (d. 1987)
1901 1950
1901 β Karl Arnold, German politician (d. 1958)
1904 - Nikos Skalkottas, Greek composer (d. 1949)
1906 - John D. Rockefeller III, American philanthropist (d. 1978)
1910 β Mohammad Siddiq S Khan, Bangladeshi intellectual (d. 1978)
1913 β George Abecassis, British racing driver (d. 1991)
1914 - Paul Tortelier, French cellist (d. 1990)
1916 - Bismillah Khan, Indian musician (d. 2006)
1917 - Yigael Yadin, Israeli archaeologist, general and politician (d. 1984)
1918 - Patrick Lucey, 38th Governor of Wisconsin (d. 2014)
1919 - R. M. Hare, British philosopher (d. 2002)
1920 - Georg Ots, Estonian opera singer (d. 1975)
1920 β Eric Rohmer, French director (d. 2010)
1921 - Antony Hopkins, English composer, conductor and pianist (d. 2014)
1922 - Russ Meyer, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter (d. 2004)
1923 β Nirmala Srivastava, Indian religious figure (d. 2011)
1925 - Harold Ashby, American saxophonist (d. 2003)
1925 - Peter Brook, English theatre and movie director
1927 β Hans-Dietrich Genscher, German politician and diplomat (d. 2016)
1927 - Halton Arp, American astronomer (d. 2013)
1928 - Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (d. 2015)
1929 - Jimmy Wardhaugh, Scottish footballer (d. 1978)
1931 - Alda Merini, Italian poet (d. 2009)
1931 β Richard Ratsimandrava, President of Madagascar (d. 1975)
1932 β Walter Gilbert, American chemist
1932 - Joseph Silverstein, American violinist and conductor (d. 2015)
1933 β Michael Heseltine, British politician
1933 - Antonio Pica, Spanish footballer (d. 2014)
1934 - Al Freeman, Jr., American actor (d. 2012)
1935 β Brian Clough, English footballer and manager (d. 2004)
1935 - Erich Kunzel, American conductor (d. 2009)
1937 - Ann Clwyd, Welsh politician
1938 - Luigi Tenco, Italian singer (d. 1967)
1940 β Solomon Burke, American singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
1942 β Fradique de Menezes, former President of SΓ£o TomΓ© and PrΓncipe
1942 β Ali Abdullah Saleh, former President of Yemen (d. 2017)
1942 - Kostas Politis, Greek basketball player and coach
1943 β Vivian Stanshall, English musician (d. 1995)
1944 - Marie-Christine Barrault, French actress
1944 - Hideki Ishima, Japanese guitarist
1944 - Cox Habbema, Dutch actress (d. 2016)
1944 - Mike Jackson, British general
1946 β Timothy Dalton, British actor
1946 - Joseph Mitsuaki Takami, 9th Archbishop of Nagasaki
1946 - Ray Dorset, British musician
1947 - Michael Dibdin, British writer (d. 2007)
1949 - Eddie Money, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2019)
1949 β Slavoj Zizek, Slovenian sociologist and cultural critic
1950 β Roger Hodgson, English musician
1950 - Sergey Lavrov, Russian politician and diplomat
1951 1975
1954 - Mike Dunleavy, American basketball coach
1955 - Jair Bolsonaro, President of Brazil
1956 β Ingrid Kristiansen, Norwegian athlete
1957 β Youssef Rzouga, Tunisian poet
1958 - Marlies GΓΆhr, German athlete
1958 β Gary Oldman, British actor
1959 β Nobuo Uematsu, Japanese composer
1959 - Sarah Jane Morris, English singer-songwriter
1960 β Ayrton Senna, Brazilian Formula 1 driver (d. 1994)
1960 - Jim Matheson, American politician
1961 β Lothar Matthaus, German footballer
1961 - Kassie DePaiva, American actress
1962 β Rosie O'Donnell, American comedienne, actress, talk show host, and publisher
1962 β Matthew Broderick, American actor
1963 - Ronald Koeman, Dutch footballer
1963 β Shawn Lane, American musician
1964 - Ieuan Evans, Welsh rugby player
1964 - Jesper Skibby, Danish cyclist
1965 - Xavier Bertrand, French politician
1966 - Benito Archundia, Mexican football referee
1966 - DJ Premier, American DJ and producer
1967 β Jonas Berggren, Swedish musician (Ace of Base)
1967 β Carwyn Jones, Welsh politician and former First Minister of Wales
1967 β Adrian Chiles, English television presenter
1968 - Scott Williams, American basketball player and sportscaster
1969 β Ali Daei, Iranian footballer
1972 - Chris Candido, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
1974 - Laura Allen, American actress
1975 β Mark Williams, Welsh snooker player
1975 - Yacoub Al-Mohana, Kuwaiti producer and director
From 1976
1976 - Rachael MacFarlane, American voice actress
1978 β Nick Baines, English musician (Kaiser Chiefs)
1978 β Kevin Federline, American dancer
1978 β Rani Mukerji, Indian actress and model
1980 β Marit Bjorgen, Norwegian cross-country skier
1980 β Ronaldinho, Brazilian footballer
1980 - Deryck Whibley, Canadian singer and guitarist (Sum 41)
1980 - Lee Jin, South Korean actress
1982 β Antar Yahia, Algerian footballer
1982 β Aaron Hill, American baseball player
1982 - Ejegayehu Dibaba, Ethiopian long-distance runner
1982 - Colin Turkington, Northern Irish racing driver
1983 - Gonzalo Fierro, Chilean footballer
1984 - Guillermo Daniel Rodriguez, Uruguayan footballer
1986 - Michu, Spanish footballer
1988 β Lee Cattermole, English footballer
1989 - Jordi Alba, Spanish footballer
1989 β Rochelle Humes, English singer (The Saturdays)
1989 β Nicolas Lodeiro, Uruguayan footballer
1990 - Mandy Capristo, German singer-songwriter and producer
1991 - Luke Chapman, English footballer
1991 - Antoine Griezmann, French footballer
1993 - Jade Jones, Welsh taekwondoin
1993 - Jade Bidwell, English footballer
1993 - Suraj Sharma, Indian actor
1997 - Martina Stoessel, Argentine actress, singer, dancer and model
2004 - Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg, Dutch royal
Deaths
Up to 1900
547 β Benedict of Nursia, Italian monk (b. 480)
1063 - Richeza Lotharingia, Queen of Poland
1076 β Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1011)
1181 - Taira Kiromori, Japanese general (b. 1118)
1306 β Robert II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1248)
1487 - Nicholas of Flue, Swiss patron saint (b. 1417)
1556 β Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1489)
1617 β Pocahontas, Native American, daughter of Powhatan (b. 1595)
1653 - Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha, Albanian statesman and Grand Vizier
1729 - John Law, Scottish economist (b. 1671)
1734 - Robert Wodrow, Scottish historian (b. 1679)
1762 β Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (b. 1713)
1772 - Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, French cartographer (b. 1703)
1795 - Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist (b. 1714)
1801 β Andrea Luchesi, Italian composer (b. 1741)
1843 β Guadalupe Victoria, 1st President of Mexico (b. 1786)
1843 - Robert Southey, English poet (b. 1774)
1857 β William Scoresby, British explorer (b. 1789)
1884 - Ezra Abbot, American scholar (b. 1819)
1901 2000
1910 β Nadar, French photographer (b. 1820)
1915 β Frederick Winslow Taylor, American inventor (b. 1856)
1920 - Federigo Tozzi, Italian writer (b. 1883)
1932 - Frantz Reichel, French athlete and rugby player (b. 1871)
1936 β Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (b. 1865)
1943 - Cornelia Fort, American pilot (b. 1919)
1957 β C. K. Ogden, English writer (b. 1889)
1961 - Morgan Foster Larson, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1882)
1980 - Peter Stoner, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (b. 1888)
1985 β Michael Redgrave, British actor (b. 1908)
1987 - Dean Paul Martin, American tennis player, singer, actor and military pilot (b. 1951)
1987 - Robert Preston, American actor (b. 1918)
1991 β Leo Fender, American guitar maker (b. 1909)
1992 β John Ireland, Canadian movie actor and director (b. 1914)
1993 - Sebastiano Baggio, Italian cardinal (b. 1913)
1997 - Wilbert Awdry, English writer (Thomas the Tank Engine) (b. 1911)
1998 β Galina Ulanova, Russian ballerina (b. 1910)
1999 - Jean Guitton, French philosopher, writer and theologian (b. 1905)
1999 β Ernie Wise, British comedian (b. 1925)
From 2001
2001 β Anthony Steel, British actor (b. 1920)
2001 - Chung Ju-young, South Korean entrepreneur and businessman, founder of Hyundai (b. 1915)
2002 - Herman Talmadge, American politician (b. 1913)
2002 - Milly Dowler, British teenager (murdered) (b. 1988)
2003 - Umar Wirahadikusumah, 4th Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1924)
2004 - Ludmila TchΓ©rina, French actress, dancer and choreographer (b. 1924)
2009 - Walt Poddubny, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1960)
2010 β Wolfgang Wagner, German opera director and festival organiser (b. 1919)
2011 β Nikolai Andrianov, Soviet-Russian gymnast (b. 1952)
2011 β Pinetop Perkins, American musician (b. 1913)
2012 β Tonino Guerra, Italian poet, writer and screenwriter (b. 1920)
2013 - Pietro Mennea, Italian sprinter and politician (b. 1952)
2013 - Chinua Achebe, Nigerian novelist, poet and academic (b. 1930)
2013 - Elsie Thompson, American supercentenarian (b. 1899)
2014 - Jack Fleck, American golfer (b. 1921)
2014 - Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, Iraqi patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church (b. 1933)
2014 - James Rebhorn, American actor (b. 1948)
2015 - Perro Aguayo Jr., Mexican professional wrestler (b. 1979)
2015 - Chuck Bednarik, American football player (b. 1925)
2015 - Hans Erni, Swiss painter, designer and sculptor (b. 1909)
2015 - James C. Binnicker, American air force officer (b. 1938)
2015 - Alberta Watson, Canadian actress (b. 1955)
2016 - Joseph Mercieca, Maltese archbishop (b. 1928)
2016 - Andrew Grove, Hungarian-born American businessman, engineer and author (b. 1926)
2017 - Martin McGuinness, Northern Irish politician (b. 1950)
2017 - Colin Dexter, English writer (b. 1930)
2017 - Henri Emmanuelli, French politician (b. 1945)
2017 - Chuck Barris, American television host, producer and game show creator (b. 1929)
2017 - August Englas, Estonian wrestler (b. 1925)
2017 - Roy Fisher, British poet and jazz pianist (b. 1930)
2018 - Anna-Lisa, Norwegian-American actress (b. 1933)
2018 - Tom Higgins, American rock climber (b. 1944)
2018 - Rolf Leeser, German-Dutch footballer (b. 1929)
2018 - James C. Irwin, American military officer (b. 1929)
2018 - John W. Vogt, American engineer and politician (b. 1936)
2018 - Leo C. Zeferetti, American politician (b. 1927)
Observances
Independence Day (Namibia)
Human Rights Day (South Africa)
Benito Juarez' birthday (Mexico)
Spring Equinox β Northern Hemisphere
Autumn Equinox β Southern Hemisphere
International Day against racial discrimination (after Sharpeville massacre)
World Poetry Day
Youth Day (Tunisia)
Harmony Day (Australia)
World Down syndrome Day
Mother's Day (Most of the Arab World)
World Puppetry Day
International Colour Day
International Day of Forests
Days of the year |
7546 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith%20Massey | Edith Massey | Edith Massey (May 25, 1918 - October 24, 1984) was an American actress.
She acted in several of director John Waters' most well-known movies: Multiple Maniacs, Pink Flamingos, Female Trouble, Desperate Living, and Polyester. Waters discovered Massey as a waitress in a Baltimore, Maryland, USA bar he and his friends frequented.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Massey capitalized on her Waters infamy by touring as the lead singer of a punk band (Edie and the Eggs) and opening a thrift store in Baltimore called Edith's Shopping Bag.
Director Robert Maier made a documentary short about her in 1975 called Love Letter to Edie.
American movie actors
1918 births
1984 deaths
Actors from San Francisco |
7549 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue%20of%20Liberty | Statue of Liberty | The Statue of Liberty (officially named Liberty Enlightening the World and sometimes referred to as Lady Liberty) is a monument symbolising the United States. The statue is placed on Liberty Island, near New York City Harbor.
The statue commemorates the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence. It was given to the United States by the people of France in 1886, to represent the friendship between the two countries established during the American Revolution. It represents a woman wearing a stola, a crown and sandals, trampling a broken chain, and with a torch in her raised right hand and a tabula ansata, or tablet where the date of the Declaration of Independence (1776) is written, in her left hand. The statue is on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, and it welcomes visitors, immigrants, and returning Americans travelling by ship.
The Statue of Liberty is based on the Greek god Libertas, also known as Eleutheria, the Goddess of Liberty, and was given a temple on the Aventine Hill in 238 BC.
History
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi sculpted the statue and he obtained a U.S. patent for the structure. Maurice Koechlin, who was chief engineer of Gustave Eiffel's engineering company and designer of the Eiffel Tower, designed the internal structure. The pedestal was designed by the architect Richard Morris Hunt. Eugène Viollet-le-Duc chose copper in the construction of the statue, and for the adoption of the repoussé construction technique, where a malleable metal is hammered on the reverse side.
The statue is made of a covering of pure copper, left to weather to a natural blue-green patina. It has a framework of steel (originally puddled iron). The exception is the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf (originally made of copper and later altered to hold glass panes). It is on a rectangular stonework pedestal. The foundation is an old star fort in the shape of an irregular eleven-pointed star. The statue is tall, but with the pedestal and foundation, it is tall.
The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognizable symbols in the world. For many years it was one of the first glances of the United States for millions of immigrants and visitors after ocean voyages from around the world.
The statue is the central part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, administered by the National Park Service. The National Monument also includes Ellis Island.
FrΓ©dΓ©ric Auguste Bartholdi died in October 4th, 1904.
Inscriptions, plaques, and dedications
There are several metal plaques on or near the Statue of Liberty. A plaque on the copper just under the figure's feet declares that it is a colossal statue representing Liberty, designed by Bartholdi and built by the Paris firm of Gaget, Gauthier et Cie (Cie is the French abbreviation analogous to Co.). Another plaque declares the statue to be a gift from the people of the Republic of France that honors "the Alliance of the two Nations in achieving the Independence of the United States of America and attests their abiding friendship." The New York committee made a plaque that commemorates the fundraising done to build the pedestal. The Freemasons put another plaque on the cornerstone.
In 1903, a bronze tablet that bears the text of "The New Colossus" and commemorates Emma Lazarus was presented by friends of the poet. Until the 1986 renovation, it was mounted inside the pedestal; today it resides in the Statue of Liberty Museum in the base. It is accompanied by a tablet given by the Emma Lazarus Commemorative Committee in 1977, celebrating the poet's life.
A group of five statues is at the western end of the island. They honor people involved in building the Statue of Liberty. The statues stand for two AmericansβPulitzer and Lazarusβand three FrenchmenβBartholdi, Laboulaye, and Eiffel. The five statues were designed by Maryland sculptor Phillip Ratner.
In 1984, the Statue of Liberty was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The UNESCO "Statement of Significance" describes the statue as a "masterpiece of the human spirit" that "endures as a highly potent symbolβinspiring contemplation, debate and protestβof ideals such as liberty, peace, human rights, abolition of slavery, democracy and opportunity."
Related pages
List of World Heritage Sites in the United States
Notes
References
Further reading
Other websites
Statue of Liberty National Monument
Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation
"A Giant's Task β Cleaning Statue of Liberty", Popular Mechanics (February 1932)
Statues
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
World Heritage Sites in the United States
Symbols of the United States |
7550 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1875 | 1875 |
Events
March 3 β Georges Bizet's Carmen debuts in Paris
Wadworth Brewery founded.
Births
February 2 β Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist and composer
February 28 β Christie MacDonald, actress and singer
May β Paul Sarebresole
July 26 β Carl Jung
September 3 β Ferdinand Porsche, German car designer
Deaths
June 3 β Georges Bizet
Published music
"Angels, Meet Me At the Cross Road"Β Β Β Β Β w.m. Will Hays
"Carve Dat Possum" by Sam Lucas & Herbert Hershy
"Dreaming Forever of Thee" Β Β Β Β Β w.m. John Hill Hewitt
"Grandfather's Clock"Β Β Β Β Β w.m. Henry C. Work
"I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen"Β Β Β Β Β w.m. Thomas P. Westendorf
"Nancy Lee" w. Frederick Edward Weatherly, m. Stephen Adams (pseudonym of Michael Maybrick)
"The Witches Flight (Galop Caprice)" by Henry A. Russell
Musical theater
Trial By Jury, Gilbert & Sullivan, London production opened at the Royalty Theatre on March 25
Trial By Jury Philadelphia production opened at the Arch Street Theatre on October 22
Trial By Jury, New York production opened at the Eagle Theatre on November 15
The Zoo, Lyrics and Book: Bolton Rowe Music: Arthur Sullivan, London production opened at St. James Theatre on June 5 |
7551 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankst | Ankst | Ankst is a Welsh independent record label formed in 1988 at Aberystwyth University. Ankst has been the launch-pad for several popular Welsh artists, including Super Furry Animals and Gorky's Zygotic Mynci. The label is now based in Pentraeth on Anglesey.
Other websites
Official website
British record labels
1988 establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century establishments in Wales |
7552 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988 | 1988 | 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was .
Events
February 13 β Michael Jackson purchases a ranch in Santa Ynez, California. He calls his new home "Neverland".
February 17 β A 12-year old MΓΆtley CrΓΌe fan in Florida is badly burned while trying to imitate a stunt in the band's "Live Wire" music video. The boy suffered burns over ten percent of his body. MΓΆtley CrΓΌe said the band's stunts should not be tried at home.
March 12 β Record producer Jimmy Iovine presents the Special Olympics with a donation of $5 million, which was raised with the release of the A Very Special Christmas album.
April 19 β Former rock and roll singer Sonny Bono becomes Mayor of Palm Springs, California
May 1 β Citing the 1st Amendment, a judge drops all charges filed against singer Billy Joel. Joel was being sued by Jack Powers for defamation following an interview with Playboy in which he called Powers a "creep".
June 14 β A small wildfire starts in Montana near Yellowstone National Park. It joins other fires. Eventually, over of Yellowstone burns before firefighters gain control in late September.
July 1 β Quartetto Cetra's last concert
August 20 β The IranβIraq War ends
September 16 β rapper Eazy-E releases his first album Eazy-Duz-It
November 1 β Bad Religion releases Suffer
Hurricane Gilbert strikes the Caribbean, Mexico and south Texas
November 24 β Mystery Science Theater 3000 premieres
December 7 β A powerful earthquake kills nearly 25,000 people in Soviet Armenia
December 21 β A Pan-Am airplane explodes over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing more than 270 people
Ankst music label founded
Peter Ruzicka becomes director of the Hamburg State Opera and State Philharmonic Orchestra
"I Heard It Through the Grapevine" experiences a surge in popularity sparked by television commercials featuring claymation raisin figures dancing to the song. The California Raisins version of the song peaks at No. 84 on Billboard's Hot 100.
Births
January 12 β Chris Casement, Northern Irish footballer
February 20 β Rihanna, Barbadian singer
February 29 β Lena Gercke, German model
March 27 β Brenda Song, American actress and singer
April 27 β Lizzo, American musician
April 29 β Jonathan Toews, Canadian Professional ice hockey player for the Chicago Blackhawks
May 5 β Adele, British singer
June 7 β Michael Cera, Canadian actor
July 14 β Conor McGregor, Irish boxer
July 16 β Sergio Busquets, Spanish footballer
August 25 β Alexandra Burke, British singer
October 15 β Mesut Oezil, German footballer
November 6 β Emma Stone, American actress
November 8 - Chris McNally, Canadian actor
November 19 β Patrick Kane, American professional ice hockey for the Chicago Blackhawks
November 25 β Nodar Kumaritashvili, Georgian luger (d. 2010)
December 14 β Vanessa Hudgens, American actress
Deaths
January 5 β Pete Maravich, basketball player (b. 1947)
January 13 β Chiang Ching-kuo, 3rd President of the Republic of China (b. 1910)
January 14 β Georgy Malenkov, 5th Prime Minister of the Soviet Union (b. 1902)
January 15 β SeΓ‘n MacBride, Irish Republican Army leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1904)
February 1β Heather O'Rourke, American actress (b. 1975)
February 13 β John Curulewski, American guitarist (Styx) (b. 1950)
February 15 β Richard Feynman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
March 9 β Kurt Georg Kiesinger, 3rd Chancellor of Germany (b. 1904)
March 10
Andy Gibb, singer (b. 1958)
PhαΊ‘m HΓΉng, Vietnamese prime minister (b. 1912)
March 31 β Sir William McMahon, twentieth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908)
May 25 β Ernst Ruska, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
June 11 β Giuseppe Saragat, 5th President of Italy (b. 1898)
June 25 β Hillel Slovak, American musician (Red Hot Chili Peppers) (b. 1962)
August 10 β Arnulfo Arias, President of Panama (b. 1901)
August 17 β Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, 6th President of Pakistan (b. 1924)
September 1 β Luis Walter Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
September 30 β TrΖ°α»ng Chinh, former President of Vietnam (b. 1907)
December 4 β Osman Achmatowicz, Polish chemist (b. 1899)
December 6 β Roy Orbison, singer (b. 1936)
Nobel Prizes
Nobel Prize in Physics shared by Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, and Jack Steinberger for their research on neutrinos
Nobel Prize in Chemistry shared by Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, and Hartmut Michel
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine shared by Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, and George H. Hitchings
Nobel Prize in Literature won by Naguib Mahfouz, an Egyptian writer
Nobel Peace Prize won by The United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences won by Maurice Allais, French economist
Movies released
The Accused, starring Jodie Foster and Kelly McGillis
Big, directed by Penny Marshall and starring Tom Hanks
The Cat Came BackCocktail starring Tom Cruise, Bryan Brown, and Elisabeth ShueComing to America starring Eddie MurphyDie HardA Fish Called Wanda, nominated for three Academy AwardsThe Great OutdoorsThe Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!
My Neighbor Totoro, an animated movie
Rain Man, winning 4 Academy Awards
Rambo III
Red Scorpion
Red Heat
The Thin Blue LineTwinsWorking GirlWho Framed Roger Rabbit?, based on a novel by Gary K. WolfWillow, directed by Ron HowardYoung Guns, written by John Fusco
Hit songs
"1-2-3" β Gloria Estefan & the Miami Sound Machine
"Anything for You" β Gloria Estefan
"Don't Worry, Be Happy" β Bobby McFerrin
"Every Rose Has Its Thorn" β Poison
"Forever Young" β Rod Stewart
"Get Outta My Dreams (Get Into My Car)" β Billy Ocean
"Got My Mind Set On You" β George Harrison
"Heaven Is A Place On Earth" β Belinda Carlie
"I Get Weak" β Belinda Carlisle
"I Should Be So Lucky" β Kylie Minogue
"Is this Love" β Whitesnake
"Johnny B. Goode" β Judas Priest
"Kokomo" β The Beach Boys
"Lead Me On" β Amy Grant
"Look Away" β Chicago
"Man in the Mirror" β Michael Jackson
"Mountain Song" β Jane's Addiction
"Never Gonna Give You Up" β Rick Astley
"New Sensation" β INXS
"One More Try" β George Michael
"The Promise" β When In Rome
"Roll With It" β Steve Winwood
"Saved By Love" β Amy Grant
"Simply Irristable" β Robert Palmer
"Sweet Child O' Mine" β Guns N' Roses
"Tell It To My Heart" β Taylor Dayne
"Toy Soldiers" β Martika
"Theme from S-Express" β S-Express
"When You Put Your Heart In It" β Kenny Rogers
New booksAlaska β James A. MichenerThe Alchemist β Paulo CoelhoKiki: Reine de la Montparnasse β Lou MollgaardBreathing Lessons β Anne TylerA Brief History of Time β Stephen HawkingThe Butcher β Alina ReyesCabal β Clive BarkerCandlelight Spells β Gerina DunwichThe Cardinal of the Kremlin β Tom ClancyCat's Eye β Margaret AtwoodThe Coming of the King β Nikolai TolstoyCurriculum (poems) β Grazyna MillerThe Dark Green Tunnel β Allan W. EckertThe Fifth Child β Doris LessingGolden Girl: The Story of Jessica Savitch β Alanna NashThe Hellbound Heart β Clive BarkerThe Icarus Agenda β Robert LudlumLove in the Time of Cholera β Gabriel GarcΓa MΓ‘rquez
Matilda - Roald DahlNervous Conditions β Tsitsi DangarembgaOscar and Lucinda β Peter CareyThe Player of Games β Iain M. BanksA Ring of Conspirators: Henry James and his literary circle, 1895-1915 β Miranda SeymourThe Sands of Time β Sidney SheldonScorpius β John GardnerThe Shell Seekers β Rosamunde PilcherSourcery β Terry PratchettTapestry β Belva PlainTil We Meet Again β Judith KrantzThe Toynbee Convector β Ray BradburyWyrd Sisters β Terry PratchettZoya'' β Danielle Steel |
7553 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%201 | April 1 |
Events
Up to 1900
286 - Roman Emperor Diocletian makes his general Maximian co-Emperor.
325 - Emperor Cheng of Jin, at the age of 4 years, becomes Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China, succeeding his father, Emperor Ming of Jin.
527 - Byzantine Empire: Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler.
1318 β Scotland takes control of Berwick-upon-Tweed from England.
1545 - The Bolivian city of Potosi is founded after the discovery of major silver deposits in the area.
1605 - Alessandro Ottaviano de Medici is elected Pope, and becomes Pope Leo XI.
1789 β Frederick Muhlenberg is elected as the first speaker of the US House of Representatives.
1790 - William Herschel discovers the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3079.
1814 β The first Gas lighting is used in London's streets.
1826 β Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks.
1867 β Singapore becomes a British Crown Colony.
1873 β The RMS Atlantic sinks near Nova Scotia, killing 545 people.
1887 - Bombay's Fire Brigade is founded.
1888 - The Dutch football team Sparta Rotterdam is founded.
1891 - The painter Paul Gauguin leaves Marseille for Tahiti.
1891 β The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago.
1893 - The rank of Chief Petty Officer in the United States Navy is created.
1893 - Germany officially adopts "Central European Time", one hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.
1897 β The Japanese city of Nagano is founded.
1899 - Germany takes of control of present-day Papua New Guinea, calling it German New Guinea.
1901 2000
1908 - Territorial Force, which is later renamed the Territorial Army, is as a volunteer reserve component of the British Army.
1918 β The Royal Air Force is founded.
1919 β The Bauhaus school is founded in Germany by the architect Walter Gropius.
1921 β Adrienne Bolland becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Andes, from Mendoza in Argentina to Santiago, Chile.
1924 β The Royal Canadian Air Force is formed.
1924 - Adolf Hitler is sent to five years in prison for his part in the Beer Hall Putsch, he only spends nine months there, writing Mein Kampf.
1933 - England cricketer Wally Hammond sets a record for the highest individual test innings of 336 against New Zealand.
1935 - India's Central Bank is founded.
1936 β Orissa becomes a State of India.
1937 β Aden becomes a British Crown Colony.
1939 β The Spanish Civil War ends, as the last Republicans surrender.
1941 - Fantaba Alba massacre: Between 200 and 2,000 Romanian civilians are killed by Soviet Border Guards.
1944 - World War II: Navigation errors lead to a mistaken US air raid on Schaffhausen, Switzerland.
1945 - World War II: As part of Operation Iceberg, US troops land on Okinawa.
1946 - The Malayan Union is formed.
1946 β An earthquake in Alaska leads to a Tsunami which destroys the town of Hilo, Hawaii.
1948 β The Faroe Islands gain autonomy from Denmark.
1949 β The Irish Free State becomes the Republic of Ireland.
1949 - Chinese Civil War: The Chinese Communist Party holds successful talks with the Kuomintang.
1949 - Canada's government ends Japanese internment (imprisonment) after seven years.
1954 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces the creation of the United Air Force Academy in Colorado.
1957 β The BBC current affairs programme Panorama plays an April Fools' Day joke, about a Spaghetti harvest in Switzerland.
1960 - The first Dr. Martens boots go on sale.
1967 - The United States Department of Transportation begins its operations.
1969 - Lin Biao is chosen as future successor to Mao Zedong in the People's Republic of China.
1973 - Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is introduced in India.
1974 - Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan counties are created in the United Kingdom.
1976 β Apple Inc. is founded.
1979 β The Islamic Republic of Iran is founded.
1989 - British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher introduces the Community Charge (Poll tax) in Scotland.
1992 - Start of the war in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp is seen passing over Perihelion.
1999 β Nunavut becomes a territory of Canada, after being part of the Northwest Territories.
2000 β In the UK the wartime coding machine, used to crack the Enigma code, is stolen. It is found the following October.
From 2001
2001 β Slobodan Milosevic is arrested, to be placed on trial for war crimes.
2001 β Same-sex marriage is legalised in the Netherlands, the first country to do so.
2002 β New euthanasia laws come into force in the Netherlands.
2004 - Google announces the creation of Gmail to the public.
2006 - The Serious Organised Crime Agency is created in the United Kingdom.
2009 β Albania and Croatia join NATO.
2009 β Protests occur at the G-20 summit in London.
2009 - A Super Puma helicopter crashes in the North Sea off the east coast of Scotland, killing all 18 people on board.
2012 β Aung San Suu Kyi wins a seat in the Burmese parliament.
2017 - A landslide in Mocoa, Colombia, kills at least 254 people.
2018 - Mokgweetsi Masisi becomes President of Botswana.
2018 - Carlos Alvarado Quesada is elected President of Costa Rica, defeating Fabricio Alvarado MuΓ±oz.
2018 - The People's Republic of China's Tiangong-1 space station breaks up on re-entry to Earth's atmosphere and lands in the Southern Pacific Ocean near Tahiti.
2019 - It is revealed that "Reiwa" will be the name of Japan's new imperial era when Emperor Akihito abdicates at the end of the month in favour of his son Naruhito.
Births
Up to 1800
1220 β Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (d. 1272)
1282 - Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1347)
1578 β William Harvey, English physician (d. 1657)
1624 β Maria Miloslavskaya, Empress of Russia (d. 1669)
1629 - Jean-Henri d'Anglebert, French harpsichordist and organist (d. 1691)
1640 - Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (d. 1697)
1647 - John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (d. 1680)
1697 - Antoine François Prévost, French writer and novelist (d. 1763)
1730 - Salomon Gessner, Swiss poet and artist (d. 1788)
1732 β Joseph Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1809)
1753 - Joseph de Maistre, French philosopher, writer, lawyer and diplomat (d. 1821)
1755 β Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, French writer, philosopher and gastronome (d. 1826)
1757 - Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt, Swedish-Finnish statesman, military and diplomat (d. 1814)
1776 β Sophie Germain, French mathematician (d. 1831)
1801 1900
1809 - Nikolai Gogol, Russian writer (d. 1852)
1815 β Otto von Bismarck, German politician, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1898)
1815 β Edward Clark, 8th Governor of Texas (d. 1880)
1815 - Henry B. Anthony, 21st Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1884)
1823 - Simon Bolivar Buckner, 30th Governor of Kentucky (d. 1891)
1825 - Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria (d. 1864)
1834 β James Fisk, entrepreneur (d. 1872)
1837 - Jorge Isaacs, Colombian writer (d. 1895)
1848 - Commodore Nutt, American entertainer (d. 1881)
1851 - Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (d. 1928)
1865 β Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1929)
1866 β Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist and composer (d. 1924)
1873 β Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian composer, pianist, and conductor (d. 1943)
1873 - Bibb Graves, Governor of Alabama (d. 1942)
1874 - Prince Karl of Bavaria (d. 1927)
1875 β Edgar Wallace, English writer (d. 1932)
1883 β Lon Chaney, Sr., American actor (d. 1930)
1885 β Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill, wife of Winston Churchill (d. 1977)
1885 β Wallace Beery, American actor (d. 1949)
1888 - Jean Alavoine, French cyclist (d. 1943)
1889 - K. B. Hedgewar, Indian physician and advocate of Hindu nationalism (d. 1940)
1895 - Alexander Aitken, New Zealand mathematician (d. 1967)
1895 β Alberta Hunter, American singer (d. 1984)
1899 β Gustavs Celmins, politician (d. 1968)
1901 1925
1901 β Whittaker Chambers, American writer and Alger Hiss case witness (d. 1961)
1901 - William Anderson, English ice hockey player (d. 1983)
1902 - Maria Polydouri, Greek poet (d. 1930)
1905 β Gaston Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1988)
1905 - Paul Hasluck, 17th Governor-General of Australia (d. 1993)
1906 β Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, Russian engineer and airplane designer (d. 1989)
1907 - Kyozan Joshu Sasaki, Japanese-American Rinzai Zen teacher and centenarian (d. 2014)
1908 β Abraham Maslow, American psychologist (d. 1970)
1911 β Fauja Singh, Indian-British marathon runner
1915 β Otto Wilhelm Fischer, Austrian actor (d. 2004)
1917 - Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist (d. 1950)
1917 - Sydney Newman, Canadian television producer (d. 1997)
1919 β Joseph Murray, American surgeon and Nobel Prize winner (d. 2012)
1920 β Toshiro Mifune, Japanese actor (d. 1997)
1920 - Harry Lewis, American actor (d. 2013)
1921 - Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, American composer and producer (d. 2014)
1922 β William Manchester, writer (d. 2004)
1922 - Alan Perlis, American computer scientist (d. 1990)
1923 - Don Butterfield, American tuba player (d. 2006)
1923 - Leora Dana, American actress (d. 1983)
1924 β Brendan Byrne, former Governor of New Jersey (d. 2018)
1926 1950
1926 β Charles Bressler, American tenor
1926 β Anne McCaffrey, American writer (d. 2011)
1927 - Ferenc Puskas, Hungarian footballer (d. 2006)
1927 - Walter Bahr, American soccer player and coach (d. 2018)
1928 - Kiyonori Kikutake, Japanese architect (d. 2011)
1929 β Jane Powell, American dancer, actress and singer
1929 - Jonathan Haze, American actor
1929 β Milan Kundera, Czech writer
1929 β Bo Schembechler, American football coach (d. 2006)
1930 β Grace Lee Whitney, American actress (d. 2015)
1931 β Rolf Hochhuth, German writer
1932 β Gordon Jump, American television actor (d. 2003)
1932 β Debbie Reynolds, American actress and singer (d. 2016)
1933 β Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, French physicist
1934 β Rod Kanehl, Major League Baseball player (d. 2004)
1934 β Jim Ed Brown, American country music singer (d. 2015)
1934 β Don Hastings, American actor
1935 β Larry McDonald, American politician (d. 1983)
1936 - Tarun Gogoi, Indian politician
1936 - Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, Swiss politician (d. 1998)
1936 - Dhiraj Choudhury, Indian painter (d. 2018)
1938 - Akihito Kondo, Japanese baseball player (d. 2019)
1939 - Rudolph Isley, American singer (The Isley Brothers)
1939 β Ali MacGraw, American actress
1939 β Phil Niekro, American baseball pitcher
1939 - Vitali Davydov, Soviet-Russian ice hockey player
1940 β Wangari Maathai, Kenyan political and environmental activist, Nobel Peace Prize winner (d. 2011)
1941 - David Childs, American architect
1942 - Max Keeping, Canadian broadcaster (d. 2015)
1942 β Samuel R. Delany, science fiction writer
1942 - Philip Margo, American singer (The Tokens)
1942 β Annie Nightingale, British disc jockey
1943 β Mario Botta, Swiss architect
1943 - Dafydd Wigley, Welsh academic and politician, former leader of Plaid Cymru
1944 - Rusty Staub, American baseball player (d. 2018)
1946 β Ronnie Lane, British musician (The Small Faces, The Faces) (d. 1997)
1946 β Arrigo Sacchi, Italian football manager
1946 - Nikitas Kaklamanis, 77th Mayor of Athens
1947 β Alain Connes, French mathematician
1947 - Ingrid Steeger, German actress
1947 - Norm Van Lier, American basketball player (d. 2009)
1948 β J. J. Williams, Welsh rugby player
1948 β Jimmy Cliff, Jamaican musician
1949 β Gil Scott-Heron, American musician and composer (d. 2011)
1949 - Paul Manafort, American lobbyist, lawyer and political consultant
1950 β Samuel Alito, American jurist
1950 - Paolo Conti, Italian footballer
1951 1975
1951 - Brendan Grace, Irish actor, comedian and singer (d. 2019)
1952 β Annette O'Toole, American actress
1952 - Bernard Stiegler, French philosopher
1952 - Abdelbaset al-Megrahi, Libyan intelligence officer (d. 2012)
1953 β Barry Sonnenfeld, American producer and director
1953 - Alberto Zaccheroni, Italian footballer and coach
1954 β Giancarlo Antognoni, Italian footballer
1954 β Jeff Porcaro, American musician (Toto) (d. 1992)
1955 - Humayun Akhtar Khan, Pakistani statesman
1955 β Ronnie Burk, artist and AIDS activist (d. 2003)
1955 - Roberto Pruzzo, Italian footballer
1956 β Libby Riddles, American dogsled racer
1957 - David Gower, English cricketer
1957 - Denise Nickerson, American actress (d. 2019)
1958 - Anton Innauer, Austrian ski jumper
1958 β Tita, Brazilian footballer
1959 - Christian Thielemann, German conductor
1960 - Reijo Ruotsalainen, Finnish ice hockey player
1961 β Susan Boyle, Scottish singer
1962 - Chris Grayling, English politician
1962 - Phillip Schofield, English television presenter
1965 - Jane Adams, American actress
1965 - Simona Ventura, Italian journalist and television presenter
1965 β Mark Jackson, American basketball player
1966 - Chris Evans, English television presenter
1968 - Mike Baird, Australian politician, 44th Premier of New South Wales
1968 - Ingrid Klimke, German equestrian
1968 - Alexander Stubb, former Prime Minister of Finland
1969 - Dean Windass, English footballer and coach
1970 β Sung Hi Lee, model
1971 β Method Man, American musician
1971 - Karen Dunbar, Scottish comedienne
1972 - Darren McCarty, Canadian ice hockey player
1972 - Jesse Tobias, American musician
1972 β Allen and Albert Hughes, American movie directors
1973 - Kris Marshall, English actor
1973 - Rachel Maddow, American broadcaster
1975 - Washington Stecanela Cerqueira, Brazilian footballer
From 1976
1976 β GΓ‘bor KirΓ‘ly, Hungarian footballer
1976 β David Oyelowo, British actor
1976 β Clarence Seedorf, Dutch footballer
1978 β Antonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer (d. 2009)
1978 β Mirka Federer, Swiss tennis player
1979 - Ivano Balic, Croatian handball player
1980 β Randy Orton, American professional wrestler
1981 β Hannah Spearritt, British actress and singer (S Club 7)
1982 β RΓ³bert Vittek, Slovakian footballer
1983 - Sean Taylor, American football player (d. 2007)
1983 - Sergey Lazarev, Russian singer
1983 β Amr Zaki, Egyptian footballer
1983 β Franck RibΓ©ry, French footballer
1983 - Olafur Ingi Skulason, Icelandic footballer
1984 - Craig Samson, Scottish footballer
1985 - Beth Tweddle, British gymnast
1986 β Haminu Draman, Ghanaian footballer
1986 β Ireen WΓΌst, Dutch speed skater
1986 β Hillary Scott, American singer (Lady Antebellum)
1987 β Ding Junhui, Chinese snooker player
1987 - Li Ting, Chinese diver
1987 - Vitorino Antunes, Portuguese footballer
1987 - Andrew Considine, Scottish footballer
1987 - JosΓ© Ortigoza, Paraguayan footballer
1988 β Fatmire Bajramaj, German footballer
1988 - Robin Lopez, American basketball player
1988 - Brook Lopez, American basketball player
1989 β David N'Gog, French footballer
1990 - Justin Hamilton, American basketball player
1993 - Keito Okamoto, Japanese singer
1994 - Ella Eyre, English singer-songwriter
1995 - Logan Paul, American social media entertainer and actor
1997 - Asa Butterfield, English actor
Deaths
Up to 1900
1085 β Emperor Shenzhong of China (b. 1048)
1204 - Eleanor of Aquitaine (b. 1122)
1205 β Amalric II of Jerusalem (b. 1145)
1340 - Gerhard III of Holstein (b. 1292)
1580 - Alonso Mudarra, Spanish guitarist and composer (b. 1510)
1621 - Cristofori Allori, Italian painter (b. 1577)
1637 - Niwa Nagashige, Japanese warlord (b. 1571)
1839 β Benjamin Pierce, American politician (b. 1757)
1865 - Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano (b. 1797)
1868 - Rasoherina, Queen of Madagascar (b. 1814)
1872 - Frederick Denison Maurice, English theologian and academic (b. 1805)
1890 - Alexander F. Mozhayskiy, Russian aviation pioneer (b. 1825)
1890 - David Wilber, American politician (b. 1820)
1897 - Jandamarra, Indigenous-Australian resistance leader (b. 1873)
1901 2000
1914 - Rube Waddell, American baseball player (b. 1826)
1917 β Scott Joplin, American musician and composer (b. 1868)
1922 β Emperor Karl I of Austria (b. 1887)
1922 - Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychologist (b. 1884)
1930 β Cosima Wagner, daughter of Franz Liszt and widow of Richard Wagner (b. 1837)
1946 - Noah Beery, Sr., American actor (b. 1882)
1947 β King George II of Greece (b. 1890)
1950 - Recep Peker, 6th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1889)
1960 - Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan, King of Malaysia (b. 1895)
1962 - Jussi Kekkonen, Finnish major (b. 1910)
1966 - Flann O'Brien, Irish humorist (b. 1911)
1967 - Dang Van Ngu, Vietnamese doctor and intellectual (b. 1910)
1968 β Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist (b. 1908)
1976 β Max Ernst, German painter (b. 1891)
1984 β Marvin Gaye, American singer (b. 1939)
1990 β Carlos Peucelle, Argentine footballer (b. 1908)
1991 β Martha Graham, American choreographer (b. 1894)
1991 - Jaime Guzman, Chilean politician (b. 1946)
1991 β Detlev Rohwedder, German manager and politician (b. 1932)
1992 - Michael Havers, Baron Havers, English lawyer and politician (b. 1923)
1992 - Nigel Preston, English musician (b. 1959)
1993 - Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, Spanish royal (b. 1913)
1994 β Robert Doisneau, French photographer (b. 1912)
1997 - Makar Honcharenko, Ukrainian footballer and manager (b. 1912)
1998 β Gene Evans, American actor (b. 1922)
From 2001
2002 β Simo Hayha, Finnish sniper (b. 1905)
2004 β Carrie Snodgress, American actress (b. 1946)
2005 β Harald Juhnke, German entertainer (b. 1929)
2006 - In Tam, Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1916)
2007 - Hans Filbinger, German politician (b. 1913)
2009 β Arne Andersson, Swedish middle-distance runner (b. 1917)
2009 - Umberto Betti, Italian cardinal (b. 1922)
2010 β John Forsythe, American actor (b. 1918)
2010 β Ed Roberts, American computer engineer (b. 1941)
2010 β Tzannis Tzannetakis, Greek Prime Minister (b. 1927)
2011 - Varkey Vithayathil, Indian cardinal (b. 1927)
2012 β Giorgio Chinaglia, Italian footballer (b. 1947)
2012 β Leila Denmark, American pediatrician and supercentenarian (b. 1898)
2012 β Miguel de la Madrid, 52nd President of Mexico (b. 1934)
2013 - Moses Blah, President of Liberia (b. 1947)
2014 - Jacques Le Goff, French historian (b. 1924)
2014 - Merimeri Penfold, New Zealand academic (b. 1920)
2014 - Anker Buch, Danish violinist (b. 1940)
2014 - Carlos Oneto, Peruvian actor and comic (b. 1929)
2014 - Bill Mitchell, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1930)
2014 - King Fleming, American jazz pianist (b. 1922)
2015 - Misao Okawa, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1898)
2015 - Cynthia Lennon, first wife of John Lennon and mother of Julian Lennon (b. 1939)
2015 - Eddie LeBaron, American football player (b. 1930)
2015 - Nicolae Rainea, Romanian football referee (b. 1933)
2015 - John Paul Hammerschmidt, American politician (b. 1922)
2016 - Pratyusha Banerjee, Indian actress (b. 1991)
2016 - Emil Keres, Hungarian actor (b. 1925)
2017 - Gary Austin, American theatre writer and director (b. 1941)
2017 - Lonnie Brooks, American blues guitarist and singer (b. 1933)
2017 - GΓΆsta Ekman, Swedish actor (b. 1939)
2017 - Darcus Howe, Trinidadian-born British editor and civil rights activist (b. 1943)
2017 - Antonio Lamela, Spanish architect (b. 1926)
2017 - Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet (b. 1932)
2017 - Burton Watson, American translator (b. 1925)
2018 - Bob Beattie, American skiing coach and sports commentator (b. 1933)
2018 - Steven Bochco, American television producer (b. 1943)
2018 - Evert Kroon, Dutch water polo player (b. 1946)
2018 - Avichai Rontzki, Israeli general (b. 1951)
2018 - Michel SΓ©nΓ©chal, French tenor (b. 1927)
2018 - EfraΓn RΓos Montt, President of Guatemala (b. 1926)
2019 - Dimitar Dobrev, Bulgarian wrestler (b. 1931)
2019 - Francisco Massiani, Venezuelan writer and painter (b. 1944)
2019 - Vonda N. McIntyre, American science fiction author (b. 1948)
2019 - Kit Napier, Scottish footballer (b. 1943)
2019 - Rafael SΓ‘nchez Ferlosio, Spanish writer (b. 1927)
2019 - Ruth-Margret PΓΌtz, German soprano (b. 1930)
Observances
April Fools' Day
Islamic Republic Day in Iran
Orissa Day in Orissa, India
First day of school in Japan
April 01 |
7554 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%208 | January 8 |
Events
Up to 1900
307 - Jin Huidi, Chinese Emperor of the Jin Dynasty, is poisoned, and succeeded by his son, Jin Huaidi.
871 β Battle of Ashdown β Ethelred of Wessex defeats Danish invasion army.
1198 β Innocent III becomes Pope.
1297 - François Grimaldi, disguised as a monk, leads his men to capture the Rock of Monaco; from then on, his family rules the Principality of Monaco.
1499 - King Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany.
1697 - Thomas Aikenhead of Edinburgh becomes the last person in Scotland, and in the present-day United Kingdom, to be executed for blasphemy.
1734 β Premiere of George Frideric Handel's Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden.
1746 β Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Stirling.
1781 - An earthquake hits Tabriz, Persia, killing over 50,000 people.
1790 - In New York City, George Washington makes the US' first State of the Union Address.
1806 β Cape Colony becomes a British colony.
1815 β War of 1812: In the Battle of New Orleans, Andrew Jackson leads American forces in victory over the British.
1835 - US national debt is at zero, for the only time in US history.
1838 β Alfred Vail demonstrates a telegraph using dots and dashes (this is the forerunner of Morse code).
1856 β Borax is discovered (John Veatch).
1863 - American Civil War: Second Battle of Springfield.
1867 β African American men granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia.
1877 β In Montana, Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United States Cavalry.
1889 β Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his electric tabulating machine.
1893 - Captain Thomas Robertson discovers Dundee Island in the Weddell Sea off Antarctica.
1894 β A fire at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago causes a good deal of damage.
1900 β United States President William McKinley places Alaska under military rule.
1901 1950
1906 β A landslide in Haverstraw, New York kills 20 due to the excavation of clay along the Hudson River.
1908 β A train collision occurs in the Park Avenue Tunnel in New York City killing 17, injuring 38 and leading to increased demand for electric trains.
1912 - The African National Congress is founded.
1916 β World War I: Allied forces withdraw from Gallipoli.
1918 β President Woodrow Wilson announces his "Fourteen Points" for the aftermath of World War I.
1926 β Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud becomes the King of Hejaz and renames it Saudi Arabia.
1935 β A.C. Hardy patents the spectrophotometer.
1942 - World War II: To stop Japanese advances in the Pacific Ocean, the Allies create the commando ABDACOM.
1951 2000
1953 β RenΓ© Mayer becomes Prime Minister of France.
1958 β 14 year old Bobby Fischer wins the United States Chess Championship.
1959 β Michel DebrΓ© becomes Prime Minister of France, while Charles de Gaulle becomes the first President of France's Fifth Republic.
1961 - In a referendum, a majority of French voters supports Charles de Gaulle's policies on Algeria, which would lead towards the country's independence from France.
1963 β Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is exhibited in the United States for the first time (National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC).
1964 β President Lyndon B. Johnson declares a "War on Poverty" in the United States.
1971 - Bowing to international pressure, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto releases Bengali leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
1973 β Watergate scandal: The trial begins for seven men accused of placing bugs in United States Democratic Party headquarters at the Watergate Hotel.
1973 - The Soviet Luna 21 space mission is launched.
1975 β Ella Grasso becomes Governor of Connecticut, becoming the first woman to serve as a Governor in the United States who did not succeed her husband.
1977 - Three bombs explode in Moscow, within 37 minutes, killing 7 people. These attacks are suspected to have been carried out by an Armenian Separatist group.
1982 β AT&T agrees to divest itself of twenty-two subdivisions.
1989 β Kegworth Air Disaster: British Midland Flight 92 crashes onto the M1 motorway, killing 47 people out of the 127 on board.
1992 β President of the United States George H. W. Bush becomes ill on a visit in Japan and vomits on the Japanese Prime Minister.
1994 β Russian cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov on Soyuz TM-18 leaves for Mir. He will stay on the space station till March 22, 1995 for a record 437 days in space.
1996 β An Antonov 32 cargo jet crashes into the central market in Kinshasa, Zaire killing more than 350 people
1998 β Ramzi Yousef is sentenced to life in prison for planning the World Trade Center bombing and for planning Project Bojinka.
1999 β Cosmologists announce that the expansion rate of the universe is increasing.
From 2001
2003 - In Kosciuszko National Park in Australia, following several lightning strikes during the dry season, bush fires break out.
2003 β US Airways flight 5481 crashes at Charlotte-Douglas International Airport in Charlotte, North Carolina killing all 21 people aboard.
2004 β Queen Elizabeth names the Queen Mary II cruise liner, the largest passenger ship ever built.
2010 β The Togo national football team is targeted in an attack in Cabinda, Angola, and therefore withdraws from the African Cup of Nations.
2011 β 2011 Tucson shooting: Six people are killed in a shooting in Tucson, Arizona, and several are injured, including Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords. Jared Lee Loughner is arrested for the shooting.
2015 - Maithripala Sirisena is elected President of Sri Lanka, defeating Mahinda Rajapaksa, and takes office the next day.
Births
Up to 1850
1360 - Ulrich von Jungingen, 26th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (d. 1410)
1529 - John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony (d. 1595)
1556 - Uesugi Kagekatsu, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1623)
1583 - Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (d. 1643)
1587 β Johannes Fabricius, German astronomer (d. 1616)
1587 β Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Dutch colonial Governor (d. 1629)
1601 - Baltasar Gracian, Spanish writer (d. 1658)
1735 - John Carroll, first Bishop in the United States (d. 1815)
1788 β Archduke Rudolph of Austria (d. 1831)
1788 - Pavel Kiselyov, Russian general and politician (d. 1874)
1805 - John Bigler, 3rd Governor of California (d. 1871)
1817 β Theophilus Shepstone, South African politician (d. 1893)
1821 β James Longstreet, American Confederate General (d. 1904)
1822 - Alfredo Piatti, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1901)
1823 β Alfred Russel Wallace, British naturalist and biologist (d. 1913)
1824 - Wilkie Collins, British writer (d. 1889)
1824 - Francisco Gonzalez Bocanegra, Mexican poet (d. 1861)
1834 - Larin Paraske, Finnish runic singer (d. 1904)
1849 β Stepan Makarov, Russian admiral, explorer and writer (d. 1904)
1851 1900
1859 - Fanny Bullock Workman, American geographer, cartographer, explorer, traveler and mountaineer (d. 1925)
1862 - Frank Nelson Doubleday, American publisher (d. 1934)
1864 β Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (d. 1892)
1865 - Winnaretta Singer, American patron of French music, arts, sciences and letters (d. 1943)
1866 - William G. Conley, 18th Governor of West Virginia (d. 1940)
1867 β Emily Greene Balch, American writer and pacifist (d. 1961)
1868 β Frank Dyson, English astronomer (d. 1939)
1870 β Miguel Primo de Rivera, Spanish politician (d. 1930)
1871 - James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon, Irish politician (d. 1940)
1873 β Elena of Montenegro, Queen of Italy (d. 1956)
1873 β Iuliu Maniu, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1953)
1876 - Arturs Alberings, Prime Minister of Latvia (d. 1934)
1879 - Charles Bryant, British actor and movie director (d. 1948)
1883 - Pavel Filonov, Russian painter (d. 1941)
1883 - Patrick J. Hurley, American soldier, statesman and diplomat (d. 1963)
1885 β John Curtin, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1945)
1886 - Thomas January, American soccer player (d. 1957)
1888 - Richard Courant, German-American mathematician (d. 1972)
1891 - Bronislava Nijinska, Russian choreographer (d. 1972)
1891 β Walther Bothe, German physicist (d. 1957)
1894 - Maximilian Kolbe, Polish Franciscan friar (d. 1944)
1896 - Jaromir Weinberger, Czech-American composer (d. 1967)
1897 - Dennis Wheatley, English writer (d. 1977)
1899 β Solomon Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon, present-day Sri Lanka (d. 1959)
1900 - François de Menthon, French politician and jurist (d. 1984)
1901 1950
1902 β Carl Rogers, American psychologist (d. 1987)
1902 β Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov, Soviet politician (d. 1988)
1904 - Tampa Red, American blues musician (d. 1981)
1905 - Giacinto Scelsi, Italian composer (d. 1988)
1905 β Carl Gustav Hempel, German philosopher (d. 1997)
1906 - Serge Poliakoff, Russian-French painter (d. 1969)
1908 β William Hartnell, English actor (d. 1975)
1909 - Willy Millowitsch, German actor (d. 1999)
1910 β Galina Ulanova, Russian |ballerina (d. 1998)
1912 - JosΓ© Ferrer, Puerto Rican actor and director (d. 1992)
1912 - Lawrence Walsh, American-Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 2014)
1917 - Peter Matthew Hillsman Taylor, American writer (d. 1994)
1921 - Leonardo Sciascia, Italian writer (d. 1989)
1922 - Dale D. Myers, American Deputy Administrator of NASA (d. 2015)
1922 - Jan Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter (d. 1986)
1923 β Larry Storch, American actor
1923 - Bryce DeWitt, American theoretical physicist (d. 2004)
1924 β Ron Moody, English actor (d. 2015)
1925 β Helmuth Hubener, German activist (d. 1942)
1926 - Evelyn Lear, American soprano (d. 2012)
1926 β Soupy Sales, American comedian (d. 2009)
1928 - Luther Perkins, American guitarist (d. 1968)
1929 β Wolfgang Peters, German footballer (d. 2003)
1929 - Saeed Jaffrey, Indian actor (d. 2015)
1931 β Bill Graham, German rock music entrepreneur (d. 1991)
1933 - Ko Un, Korean poet
1933 - Mariam Fakhr Eddine, Egyptian actress (d. 2014)
1934 β Jacques Anquetil, French cyclist (d. 1987)
1934 β Roy Kinnear, English actor (d. 1988)
1934 - Ronald Greenwald, American rabbi and activist (d. 2016)
1935 β Elvis Presley, American singer and guitarist (d. 1977)
1936 - Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian diplomat and politician (d. 2005)
1936 - Robert May, Baron May of Oxford, Australian-English zoologist, ecologist and academic
1937 β Shirley Bassey, Welsh singer
1938 - Yevgeny Nesterenko, Russian opera singer
1938 β Bob Eubanks, American game show host
1939 - Nanda, Indian actress (d. 2014)
1941 β Graham Chapman, English comedian (d. 1989)
1942 β Stephen Hawking, English theoretical physicist and writer (d. 2018)
1942 β Junichiro Koizumi, former Prime Minister of Japan
1942 - Vyacheslav Zudov, Soviet-Russian cosmonaut
1942 - Valya Balkanska, Bulgarian folk singer
1942 - Robin Ellis, English actor
1942 - Yvette Mimieux, American actress
1944 - Terry Brooks, American author
1946 - Robby Krieger, American musician
1947 - Ashura Hara, Japanese professional wrestler (d. 2015)
1947 β David Bowie, English rock music singer, musician and actor (d. 2016)
1947 - Terry Sylvester, English singer and guitarist
1947 - Samuel Schmid, Swiss politician
1948 - Jerzy Kaczmarek, Polish fencer
1949 - John Podesta, American politician, 20th White House Chief of Staff
1949 - Kozo Kinomoto, Japanese footballer (d. 2017)
1951 1975
1951 β Kenny Anthony, former Prime Minister of Saint Lucia
1951 - John McTiernan, American director and producer
1951 - Franz Pachl, German chess player
1958 - Roman Wojcicki, Polish footballer
1958 - Rey Mysterio, Sr., Mexican wrestler
1958 - Betsy DeVos, 11th United States Secretary of Education
1959 - Paul Hester, Australian drummer
1959 - Duk Koo Kim, South Korean boxer (d. 1982)
1961 - Calvin Smith, American athlete
1964 - Ron Sexsmith, Canadian singer-songwriter
1964 - JosΓ©-Luis Carranza, Peruvian footballer
1967 - Willie Anderson, American basketball player
1967 - Tom Watson, English politician
1967 β R. Kelly, American R&B singer
1968 - James Brokenshire, English politician
1969 - Ami Dolenz, American actress
1969 - J. Hunter Johnson, American game designer, author and translator
1971 β Pascal ZuberbΓΌhler, Swiss footballer
1972 β Giuseppe Favalli, Italian footballer
1972 - Paul Clement, English football manager
1973 β Sean Paul, Jamaican reggae singer
1973 - Henning Solberg, Norwegian rally driver
1975 - Chris Simmons, English actor
From 1976
1976 β Marcelo Gallardo, Argentine footballer
1977 - Amber Benson, American actress
1978 β Marco Fu, Hong Kong snooker player
1979 β Adrian Mutu, Romanian footballer
1979 - Windell Middlebrooks, American actor (d. 2015)
1979 β Stipe Pletikosa, Croatian footballer
1979 - Sarah Polley, Canadian movie actress, director and screenwriter
1979 - Tomasz Schafernaker, Polish-English meteorologist
1979 β Seol Ki-hyeon, South Korean footballer
1980 β Lee Jung-soo, South Korean footballer
1981 β Genevieve Cortese, American actress
1982 - Huang Sui, Chinese badminton player
1982 β John Utaka, Nigerian footballer
1983 - Felipe Colombo, Mexican-Argentine singer-songwriter, guitarist and actor
1983 β Kim Jong-un, North Korean leader
1986 β David Silva, Spanish footballer
1986 - Jaclyn Linetsky, Canadian actress (d. 2003)
1989 β Aaron Cruden, New Zealand rugby player
1990 - Xu Xin, Chinese ping-pong player
1991 - Jorge Enriquez, Mexican footballer
1992 - Koke, Spanish footballer
1993 - Tang Yi, Chinese swimmer
1995 - Kyle Edmund, English tennis player
1997 - Jack Andraka, American inventor
2000 β Noah Cyrus, American actress
2011 β Prince Vincent of Denmark
2011 β Princess Josephine of Denmark
Deaths
Up to 1900
307 - Jin Huidi, Emperor of China (b. 259)
482 - Severinus of Noricum, Italian saint (b. 410)
1107 β Edgar of Scotland (b. 1074)
1198 - Pope Celestine III (b. 1106)
1324 β Marco Polo, Italian trader and explorer (b. 1254)
1337 - Giotto, Italian painter and architect (b. 1266)
1598 - John George, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1525)
1642 β Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer (b. 1564)
1697 β Thomas Aikenhead, Scottish student, executed under Blasphemy law (b. 1676)
1713 - Arcangelo Corelli, Italian composer (b. 1653)
1775 - John Baskerville, English printer (b. 1706)
1794 - Justus MΓΆser, German statesman (b. 1729)
1815 β Edward Pakenham, British general (b. 1778)
1818 - Robert Bowie, Governor of Maryland (b. 1750)
1825 β Eli Whitney, American inventor (b. 1765)
1878 β Nikolay Nekrasov, Russian poet (b. 1821)
1880 β Emperor Norton, self-proclaimed Emperor of the United States (b. 1819)
1896 - William Rainey Marshall, Governor of Minnesota (b. 1825)
1896 - Paul Verlaine, French poet (b. 1844)
1901 2000
1918 - Ellis H. Roberts, American politician (b. 1827)
1919 - Peter Altenberg, Austrian writer (b. 1859)
1925 - Fernand Sanz, French cyclist (b. 1881)
1934 - Andrei Bely, Russian poet (b. 1880)
1941 β Robert Baden-Powell, English founder of Scouting (b. 1857)
1943 - Richard Hillary, American pilot and author (b. 1919)
1948 - Richard Tauber, Austrian tenor (b. 1891)
1948 - Kurt Schwitters, German painter (b. 1887)
1950 β Joseph Schumpeter, Austrian economist (b. 1883)
1952 - Antonia Maury, American astronomer (b. 1866)
1953 - Hugh Binney, British naval commander and Governor of Tasmania (b. 1883)
1958 - Paul Pilgrim, American runner (b. 1883)
1964 - Julius Raab, Chancellor of Austria (b. 1891)
1969 β Albert Hill, British athlete (b. 1889)
1976 β Zhou Enlai, Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1898)
1983 - Tom McCall, Governor of Oregon (b. 1913)
1990 - Jaime Gil de Biedma, Spanish poet (b. 1929)
1991 β Steve Clark, British guitarist (b. 1960)
1996 - Metin GΓΆktepe, Turkish photographer and journalist (b. 1968)
1996 β FranΓ§ois Mitterrand, President of France (b. 1916)
1997 β Melvin Calvin, American chemist (b. 1911)
1998 - Michael Tippett, English composer (b. 1905)
From 2001
2002 β Alexander Prokhorov, Russian physicist (b. 1916)
2002 β Dave Thomas, founder of Wendy's fast food chain (b. 1932)
2003 - Ron Goodwin, British composer and conductor (b. 1925)
2005 β Michel Thomas, Polish-American linguist (b. 1914)
2006 β Tony Banks, British politician (b. 1943)
2007 β Yvonne De Carlo, Canadian actress (b. 1922)
2007 β Iwao Takamoto, American animator (b. 1925)
2010 β Art Clokey, American animator (b. 1921)
2011 - Jiri Dienstbier, Czech journalist and politician (b. 1937)
2011 β John Roll, American judge (b. 1947)
2012 - Alexis Weissenberg, Bulgarian pianist (b. 1929)
2013 - Kenojuak Ashevak, Canadian Inuit artist (b. 1927)
2015 - Kep Enderby, Australian politician and judge (b. 1926)
2015 - Ray McFall, British nightclub owner (b. 1926)
2015 - AndraΓ© Crouch, American gospel singer (b. 1942)
2015 - Hubert Markl, German biologist (b. 1938)
2015 - Leif Rantala, Finnish linguist (b. 1947)
2016 - German Moreno, Filipino television host (b. 1933)
2016 - André Courrèges, French fashion designer (b. 1923)
2016 - Red Simpson, American singer-songwriter (b. 1934)
2016 - Otis Clay, American singer (b. 1942)
2016 - Oscar Fritschi, Swiss politician (b. 1939)
2016 - Royal Parker, American television personality (b. 1929)
2016 - Piet Steenkamp, Dutch footballer (b. 1925)
2017 - James Mancham, 1st President of the Seychelles (b. 1939)
2017 - Ruth Perry, Liberian politician (b. 1939)
2017 - Hashemi Rafsanjani, 4th President of Iran (b. 1934)
2017 - Peter Sarstedt, English singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
2017 - Buddy Bregman, American arranger, producer and composer (b. 1930)
2017 - Klaib Al-Fawwaz, Jordanian diplomat and politician (b. 1950)
2017 - Miriam Goldberg, American newspaper publisher (b. 1916)
2017 - Roy Innis, American civil rights activist and politician (b. 1934)
2017 - Abdulkadir Kure, Nigerian politician (b. 1956)
2017 - Eli Zelkha, Iranian-American entrepreneur (b. 1950)
2017 - Nigel Spearing, British politician (b. 1930)
2018 - George Maxwell Richards, President of Trinidad and Tobago (b. 1931)
2018 - Kato Ottio, Papua New Guinean rugby league player (b. 1994)
2018 - Denise LaSalle, American singer-songwriter (b. 1939)
Observances
Commonwealth Day (Northern Mariana Islands)
Celebration of Elvis Presley's Birthday at Graceland, Memphis, Tennessee
Kim Jong-un's Birthday (North Korea)
January 08 |
7555 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%204 | October 4 |
Events
Up to 1900
23 Rebels capture the then-Chinese capital city Chang'an during a peasant rebellion. They kill and behead the Emperor, Wang Mang, two days later.
610 Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, otherthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas and becomes Emperor.
1511 Formation of a Holy League of Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Papal States, and the Republic of Venice against France.
1535 The first complete English language Bible is printed, with translations by William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale.
1582 Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15, skipping over 10 days.
1636 Thirty Years' War: The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock.
1693 Battle of Marsaglia: Piedmontese troops are defeated by the French.
1725 The city of Rosario, Argentina is founded.
1744 British sailing ship Victory is last seen, near the Channel Islands in the English Channel. During the night, it sinks, killing 1,150 people.
1777 American Revolutionary War: At the Battle of Germantown, troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe.
1824 Mexico becomes a republic.
1830 Creation of the state of Belgium after separation from The Netherlands.
1853 Crimean War: The Ottoman Empire declares war on Russia.
1883 First run of the Orient Express
1883 First meeting of the Boys' Brigade in Glasgow, Scotland.
1895 The first U.S. Open Men's Golf Championship run by the United States Golf Association was played on a nine-hole course in Newport, Rhode Island.
1901 2000
1910 Portugal becomes a republic. King Manuel II flees to Britain.
1917 World War I: The Battle of Broadseinde is fought between British and German armies in Flanders.
1918 An explosion kills more than 100 people and destroys the T. A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant in Sayreville, New Jersey.
1927 Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting Mount Rushmore.
1943 World War II: US forces re-capture the Solomon Islands.
1957 Launch of Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth.
1958 The Fifth Republic of France established.
1959 The Soviet Union sends the Lunik 3 probe to the Moon.
1960 An Eastern Airlines Lockheed L-188 Electra flying from Boston crashes killing 62 people after a bird strike.
1963 Richard Noble sets a new land speed record of 633.468 mph, driving Thrust 2 at the Black Rock Desert, Nevada.
1965 Pope Paul VI becomes the first Pope to visit the United States, as he arrives in New York City.
1966 Basutoland becomes independent from the United Kingdom and is renamed Lesotho.
1967 Omar Ali Saifuddin III of Brunei abdicates in favour of his son, Hassanal Bolkiah.
1974 Founding of the New Democracy political party in Greece.
1983 Richard Noble sets a new land-speed record of 633.468 miles per hour (1,019 kilometres per hour), driving Thrust 2 at the Black Rock Desert in Nevada.
1985 The Free Software Foundation is founded in Massachusetts.
1988 Jim Bakker is indicted for fraud.
1991 The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was opened for signature.
1992 An El Al Boeing 747-200F crashes into 2 apartment buildings in Amsterdam, killing 43 including 38 on the ground. See Bijlmerramp.
1992 The Rome General Peace Accords end the 16-year civil war in Mozambique.
1993 At the climax of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, Russian President Boris Yeltsin orders army tanks to begin the storming of the Russian parliament building.
1997 The second-largest cash robbery in United States history takes place in Charlotte, North Carolina.
1998 Leafie Mason of Hughes Springs, Texas is murdered by Angel Maturino Resendiz. She is Angel's second victim in his second incident.
From 2001
2001 A Sibir Airlines Tupolev TU-154 crashes into the Black Sea after being struck by an errant Ukrainian S-200 missile. 78 people are killed.
2003 Maxim restaurant suicide bombing: A female Palestinian suicide bomber, Hanadi Jaradat, exploded inside the Maxim restaurant in Haifa. 21 Israelis, Jews and Arabs, were killed, and 51 others were wounded.
2004 SpaceShipOne wins Ansari X Prize for private spaceflight.
2006 WikiLeaks is launched by Julian Assange.
2006 Lesotho changes its flag.
2010 Toxic red sludge escapes from the Ajka alumina plant in western Hungary, causing an environmental disaster and killing at least nine people.
2016 Hurricane Matthew hits Haiti and the Dominican Republic, causing flooding, destroying homes and killing seven people.
Births
Up to 1850
1160 Alys, Countess of Vexin (died 1220)
1268 King Eric II of Norway (died 1299)
1274 Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria (died 1319)
1276 Margaret of Brabant, Queen of Germany (died 1311)
1289 King Louis X of France (died 1316)
1379 King Henry III of Castile (died 1406)
1515 Lucas Cranach the Younger, German painter (died 1586)
1542 Robert Bellarmine, Italian saint (died 1621)
1550 King Charles IX of Sweden (died 1611)
1562 Christian Sorensen Longomontanus, Danish astronomer (died 1647)
1585 Anna of Tyrol, Empress Consort of the Holy Roman Empire (died 1618)
1625 Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy and nun (died 1661)
1626 Richard Cromwell, English politician (died 1712)
1633 Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-WolfenbΓΌttel (died 1714)
1657 Francesco Solimena, Italian painter (died 1747)
1687 Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (died 1768)
1720 Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian painter (died 1778)
1759 Antoine Arbogast, French mathematician (died 1803)
1787 François Guizot, French statesman (died 1874)
1797 Jeremias Gotthelf, Swiss writer (died 1854)
1808 Giovanni Battista Pioda, Swiss politician and diplomat (died 1882)
1814 Jean-François Millet, French painter (died 1875)
1819 Francesco Crispi, Italian politician (died 1901)
1822 Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States (died 1893)
1833 John Anderson, Scottish zoologist (died 1900)
1835 Grigory Potanin, Russian explorer (died 1920)
1836 Juliette Adam, French writer and activist (died 1936)
1837 Mary Elizabeth Braddon, English writer (died 1915)
1841 Prudente JosΓ© de Morais Barros, President of Brazil (died 1912)
1841 Maria Sophie of Bavaria, Queen of the Two Sicilies (died 1925)
1843 Marie Alphonsine Danil Ghattas, Palestinian nun and saint (died 1927)
1851 1900
1858 Michael Pupin, telephone pioneer, Pulitzer Prize winning writer (died 1935)
1861 Frederic Remington, American painter (died 1909)
1862 Edward Stratemeyer, American writer (died 1930)
1863 Samuel Prescott Bush, American industrialist (died 1948)
1868 Marcelo T. de Alvear, Argentine politician (died 1942)
1876 Hugh McCrae, Australian writer (died 1958)
1877 Razor Smith, English cricketer (died 1946)
1880 Damon Runyon, writer (died 1946)
1881 Walther von Brauchitsch, German Commander-in-Chief (died 1948)
1886 Erich Fellgiebel, German military officer and Resistance activist (died 1944)
1888 Friedrich Olbricht, German general and Resistance activist (died 1944)
1892 Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian politician (died 1934)
1895 Buster Keaton, American comedian, producer and actor (died 1966)
1895 Richard Sorge, German-Soviet spy (died 1944)
1899 Franz Jonas, President of Austria (died 1974)
1901 1950
1903 John Vincent Atanasoff, American computer pioneer (died 1995)
1903 Ernst Kaltenbrunner, German military officer (died 1946)
1913 Martial Celestin, Prime Minister of Haiti (died 2011)
1914 Jim Cairns, Australian politician (died 2003)
1916 Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian physicist (died 2009)
1916 Jan Murray, American comedian, actor and game show host (died 2006)
1916 George Sidney, American director (died 2002)
1917 Luis Carniglia, Argentine footballer (died 2001)
1917 Jan Murray, American comedienne (died 2006)
1918 Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist (died 1998)
1918 Giovanni Cheli, Italian cardinal (died 2013)
1921 Francisco Morales-BermΓΊdez, former President of Peru
1922 Malcolm Baldridge, American politician (died 1987)
1922 Don Lenhardt, American baseball player (died 2014)
1923 Charlton Heston, American actor (died 2008)
1927 Virginia Luque, Argentine actress and singer (died 2014)
1928 Alvin Toffler, American writer and futurist (died 2016)
1930 Svava JakobsdΓ³ttir, Icelandic author and politician (died 2004)
1931 Richard Rorty, American philosopher and academic (died 2007)
1931 Basil D'Oliveira, South African-born cricketer (died 2011)
1931 Terence Conran, English designer, restaurateur, retailer and writer
1931 Thane Baker, American athlete
1933 German Moreno, Filipino television host, actor and comedian (died 2016)
1934 Sam Huff, American football player
1936 Cynthia McLeod, Surinamese writer, daughter of Johan Ferrier
1937 Franz Vranitzky, former Chancellor of Austria
1937 Jackie Collins, English writer (died 2015)
1937 Jim Sillars, Scottish politician
1938 Kurt WΓΌthrich, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
1939 Ivan Mauger, New Zealand speedway rider (died 2018)
1940 Silvio Marzolini, Argentine footballer
1941 Anne Rice, American writer
1942 Johanna Sigurdardottir, former Prime Minister of Iceland
1942 Karl W. Richter, American lieutenant and pilot (died 1967)
1943 H. Rap Brown (Jamil Al-Amin), American civil rights activist
1943 Buddy Roemer, former Governor of Louisiana (d. 2021)
1943 Owen Davidson, Australian tennis player
1946 Susan Sarandon, American actress
1946 Chuck Hagel, American politician
1946 Bridget St. John, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1947 Jim Fielder, American bass player
1947 Julien Clerc, French singer
1947 Ann Widdecombe, British politician
1949 Antonello Cuccureddu, Italian footballer and coach
1949 Armand Assante, actor
1949 Ally Hunter, Scottish footballer
1951 1975
1953 TchΓ©ky Karyo, actor
1955 John Rutherford, Scottish rugby player
1955 Andy Pichler, Austrian footballer
1955 Jorge Valdano, Argentine footballer
1956 Christoph Waltz, Austrian actor
1958 Yevgeny Bushmin, Russian politician (died 2019)
1958 Anneka Rice, Welsh television and radio presenter
1959 Chris Lowe, English musician (Pet Shop Boys)
1959 Tony Meo, English snooker player
1960 Henry Worsley, English explorer (died 2016)
1961 Kazuki Takahashi, Japanese writer and artist
1961 Philippe Russo, French singer-songwriter
1962 Jon Secada, Cuban-American singer
1962 Marc Minkowski, French conductor
1963 A.C. Green, American basketball player
1963 Mark Powley, English actor
1964 Francis Magalona, Filipino entertainer (died 2009)
1964 Sarah Lancashire, English actress
1964 Yvonne Murray, Scottish athlete
1967 Liev Schreiber, actor
1967 Marcus Bentley, British voice actor
1968 Beverley Allitt, British nurse and serial killer
1975 Cristiano Lucarelli, Italian footballer
From 1976
1976 Alicia Silverstone, American actress
1976 Mauro Camoranesi, Argentine-Italian footballer
1976 Ueli Steck, Swiss climber (died 2017)
1977 Richard Parry, Canadian musician and songwriter
1978 Kei Horie, Japanese actor, director, producer and screenwriter
1979 BjΓΆrn Phau, German tennis player
1979 Rachael Leigh Cook, American actress and model
1980 Tomas Rosicky, Czech footballer
1982 Kasia Madera, British television journalist
1982 Ilhan Omar, Somali-born American politician
1984 Elena Sergeyevna Katina, Russian musician (t.A.T.u.)
1985 Shontelle, Barbadian singer-songwriter
1985 Thorsten Wiedemann, German rugby player
1986 Sara Forestier, French actress
1986 Yuridia, Mexican singer
1987 Juan Pablo GarcΓa, Mexican racing driver
1987 Marina Weisband, German politician
1988 Evgeni Krasnopolski, Israeli figure skater
1988 Melissa Benoist, American actress and singer
1988 Derrick Rose, American basketball player
1988 MagdalΓ©na RybΓ‘rikovΓ‘, Slovakian tennis player
1989 Kimmie Meissner, American figure skater
1989 Lil Mama, American singer and rapper
1989 Stacey Solomon, English singer
1989 Dakota Johnson, American model and actress
1991 Leigh-Anne Pinnock, English singer (Little Mix)
1994 Ignazio Boschetto, Italian singer (Il Volo)
1995 Mikolas Josef, Czech singer, musician and model
1997 Yuju, South Korean singer
2005 Prince Emmanuel of Belgium
Deaths
Up to 1900
1052 Vladimir of Novgorod (born 1020)
1250 Herman VI, Margrave of Baden (born 1226)
1305 Emperor Kameyama of Japan (born 1249)
1582 Teresa of Avila, Spanish saint (born 1515)
1597 Sarsa Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia (born 1550)
1661 Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy and nun (born 1625)
1669 Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch painter (born 1606)
1680 Pierre-Paul Riquet, French engineer (born 1609)
1747 Amaro Pargo, Spanish pirate (born 1678)
1785 David Brearly, American statesman (born 1703)
1821 John Rennie the Elder, Scottish engineer (born 1761)
1851 Manuel de Godoy, Prince of Peace, Spanish politician (born 1767)
1852 James Whitcomb, 8th Governor of Indiana (born 1795)
1859 Karl Baedeker, German publisher (born 1801)
1890 Catherine Booth, co-founder of the Salvation Army (born 1829)
1901 2000
1903 Otto Weininger, Austrian philosopher (born 1880)
1904 Karl Bayer, Austrian chemist (born 1847)
1904 Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor (born 1834)
1910 Sergey Muromtsev, Russian lawyer and politician (born 1850)
1915 Karl Staaff, 11th Prime Minister of Sweden (born 1860)
1943 Irena Illakowicz, Polish lieutenant and intelligence agent (born 1906)
1944 Al Smith, American politician (born 1873)
1946 Barney Oldfield, American automobile pioneer (born 1878)
1947 Max Planck, German physicist (born 1858)
1951 Henrietta Lacks, American medical patient (born 1920)
1955 Alexander Papagos, Greek general and political leader (born 1883)
1970 Janis Joplin, American singer-songwriter (born 1943)
1974 Anne Sexton, American poet (born 1928)
1981 Freddie Lindstrom, American baseball player (born 1905)
1982 Stefanos Stefanopoulos, Greek politician (born 1898)
1982 Glenn Gould, Canadian pianist (born 1932)
1989 Graham Chapman, British comedian, writer, doctor (born 1941)
1989 Secretariat, Triple Crown-winning race horse (born 1970)
1991 J. Frank Wilson, American singer (born 1941)
1992 Denny Hulme, New Zealand racing driver (born 1936)
1996 Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (born 1913)
1997 Gunpei Yokoi, Japanese game developer (born 1941)
2000 Michael Smith, biochemist (born 1932)
2000 Yu Kwo-hwa, Taiwanese Premier (born 1914)
From 2001
2001 John Collins, American jazz guitarist (born 1913)
2003 Sid McMath, 34th Governor of Arkansas (born 1912)
2004 Gordon Cooper, American astronaut (born 1927)
2005 Stanley K. Hathaway, Governor of Wyoming (born 1924)
2009 Shoichi Nakagawa, Japanese politician (born 1953)
2009 Mercedes Sosa, Argentine singer (born 1935)
2009 GΓΌnther Rall, German fighter ace (born 1918)
2010 Norman Wisdom, British actor and comedian (born 1915)
2011 Yelena Chernykh, Russian theatre actress (born 1979)
2013 Vo Nguyen Giap, Vietnamese general and politician (born 1911)
2013 Nicholas Oresko, American sergeant (born 1917)
2014 Jean-Claude Duvalier (Baby Doc), President of Haiti (born 1951)
2014 Paul Revere, American musician (Paul Revere and the Raiders) (b. 1938)
2014 Hugo Carvana, Brazilian actor (born 1937)
2014 Fyodor Cherenkov, Russian footballer (born 1959)
2015 JosΓ© Eduardo Dutra, Brazilian businessman and politician (born 1957)
2015 J. Whyatt Mondesire, American journalist and activist (born 1949)
2016 Mario Almada, Mexican actor (born 1922)
2016 Brigitte Hamann, German-Austrian historian and author (born 1940)
2017 Davoud Ahmadinejad, Iranian politician (born 1950)
2017 Liam Cosgrave, Irish politician, Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland (born 1920)
2017 John R. Miller, American politician and activist (born 1938)
2017 JesΓΊs MosterΓn, Spanish anthropologist and philosopher (born 1941)
2018 Dave Anderson, American sports writer (born 1929)
2018 Jeanne Ashworth, American speed skater (born 1938)
2018 Hamiet Bluiett, American jazz saxophonist (born 1940)
2018 Kurt MalangrΓ©, German politician (born 1934)
2018 JosΓ© Sacal, Mexican sculptor (born 1944)
2018 Will Vinton, American animator (born 1947)
2019 Mikhail Biryukov, Russian tennis player (born 1992)
2019 Diahann Carroll, American actress and singer (born 1935)
2019 Bill McKnight, Canadian politician (born 1940)
Observances
Independence Day (Lesotho)
Day of Peace and Reconciliation (Mozambique)
World Animal Day
Saint Francis of Assisi (Roman Catholicism)
BB Founderβs Day (The Boysβ Brigade)
October 04 |
7557 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%2011 | February 11 |
Events
Up to 1900
660 BC β Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu Tenno.
244 - mutinous soldiers in Zaitha, Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) murder Roman Emperor Gordian III.
731 β Gregory II ends his reign as Pope.
824 β Paschal I ends his reign as Pope.
1531 β Henry VIII of England is recognized as supreme head of the Church of England.
1543 β Battle of Wayna Daga β Ethiopian/Portuguese troops beat Muslim army.
1752 β Pennsylvania Hospital, 1st hospital in the United States, opens.
1790 β Society of Friends petitions United States Congress for abolition of slavery.
1794 β First session of United States Senate open to the public.
1808 β Anthracite coal first burned as fuel, experimentally.
1809 β Robert Fulton patents the steamboat.
1810 β NapolΓ©on marries Marie-Louise of Austria.
1812 β Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry gerrymanders for the first time.
1814 β Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union.
1826 β University College London is founded under the name University of London.
1837 β American Physiological Society organizes in Boston, Massachusetts.
1840 β Gaetano Donizetti's opera La Fille du RΓ©giment receives its first performance in Paris.
1843 β Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi receives its first performance in Milan.
1855 - Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia is crowned.
1858 β The Blessed Virgin Mary reputedly appears to Saint Bernadette Soubirous of Lourdes.
1861 β American Civil War: United States House of Representatives unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state.
1873 β King Amadeus I of Spain abdicates.
1889 β Meiji constitution of Japan adopted; 1st Diet of Japan convenes in 1890.
1901 1950
1902 β Police beat up universal suffrage demonstrators in Brussels.
1903 β Anton Bruckner's 9th Symphony receives its first performance in Vienna.
1906 β Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer nos.
1907 - Paddle steamer Larchmont sinks after colliding with a schooner in Rhode Island Sound, killing 140 people.
1908 β Australia regain the Ashes with a 308 run cricket victory over England.
1916 β Emma Goldman arrested for lecturing on birth control.
1919 β Friedrich Ebert (SPD), elected President of Germany.
1928 β 1928 Winter Olympics open in St. Moritz, Switzerland.
1929 β Italy and the Vatican sign the Lateran Treaty.
1937 β A sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Automobile Workers Union.
1938 β BBC Television produces the world's first ever science fiction television programme, an adaptation of a section of the Karel Capek play R.U.R. (This play coined the term 'robot.')
1941 β First Gold record presented to Glenn Miller for "Chattanooga Choo Choo".
1943 β General Dwight D. Eisenhower selected to command the allied armies in Europe.
1945 β Yalta Conference ends.
1948 β John Costello succeeds Γamon de Valera as Taoiseach of Ireland.
1951 2000
1953 β President Dwight D. Eisenhower refuses clemency appeal for Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
1953 β The Soviet Union breaks off diplomatic relations with Israel.
1961 β Trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.
1963 β The Beatles record 10 tracks for their first album, Please Please Me.
1964 β At the Washington, DC Coliseum, The Beatles have their 1st live appearance in the United States.
1964 β Greeks and Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.
1964 β The Republic of China (Taiwan) breaks off diplomatic relations with France.
1968 β Israeli-Jordanian border clashes.
1968 β Madison Square Garden III closes and Madison Square Garden IV opens in New York City.
1971 β US, UK, USSR, others sign Seabed Treaty outlawing nuclear weapons in international waters.
1973 β Vietnam War: First release of American prisoners of war from Vietnam takes place.
1975 - Margaret Thatcher becomes leader of the Conservative Party. This will lead to her becoming Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1979.
1978 β Censorship: China lifts a ban on works by Aristotle, Shakespeare and Dickens.
1979 β Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini seizes power in Iran.
1981 β 100,000 gallons (380 m3) of radioactive coolant leak into the containment building of TVA Sequoyah 1 nuclear plant in Tennessee, contaminating 8 workers.
1986 β Rights activist Anatoly Scharansky, released by the USSR, leaves the country.
1987 β Philippines constitution goes into effect.
1990 β James "Buster" Douglas KOs Mike Tyson to win heavyweight boxing crown.
1990 β Nelson Mandela, a political prisoner for 27 years, is freed from Victor Verster prison outside Cape Town, South Africa.
1991 β UNPO, the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, forms in The Hague, Netherlands.
1992 β Art band The KLF subvert the United Kingdom's BRIT Awards.
1999 β Pluto, a planet with an irregular orbit, changes from the eighth to ninth planet farthest from the sun. It had been the eighth farthest since 1979. It is downgraded to a dwarf planet in 2006.
From 2001
2001 - A Dutch programmer starts the Anna Kournikova virus, infecting millions of emails through a trick photo of the tennis player.
2006 - On a hunting trip near Corpus Christi, Texas, US Vice President Dick Cheney accidentally shoots and injures his friend, multimillionaire lawyer Harry Whittington.
2008 β East Timor's President JosΓ© Ramos-Horta is injured in a rebel attack. Rebel leader Alfredo Reinado dies in the attack.
2011 β 2011 Egyptian protests: In the wake of anti-government protests, Egypt's President Hosni Mubarak resigns.
2012 - American singer and actress Whitney Houston is found dead in her hotel room in Los Angeles.
2013 - Pope Benedict XVI announces that he is to resign as Pope on February 28, as the first Pope to resign in 598 years.
2014 - At least 76 people are killed in a plane crash in northeastern Algeria.
2014 - 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi: The first Olympic women's Ski jumping competition takes place. The gold medal is won by Carina Vogt of Germany.
2016 - Scientists announce the discovery of gravitational waves, as predicted by Albert Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.
Births
Before 1800
1261 - Otto III, Duke of Bavaria (died 1312)
1377 - King Ladislaus of Naples (died 1414)
1380 β Gianfrancesco Poggio Bracciolini, Italian humanist (died 1459)
1466 β Elizabeth of York, consort of King Henry VII of England (died 1503)
1535 β Pope Gregory XIV (died 1591)
1568 β Honore d'Urfe, French writer (died 1625)
1657 - Bernard Le Bovier de Fontanelle, French scientist and writer (died 1757)
1715 - Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, British collector of art and nature specimens (died 1785)
1755 β Albert Christoph Dies, German composer (died 1822)
1764 β Marie-Joseph de ChΓ©nier, French poet (died 1611)
1776 β Ioannis Kapodistrias, Greek diplomat and Head of State (died 1836)
1780 β Karoline von GΓΌnderode, poet (died 1806)
1800 β William Henry Fox Talbot, English photographic pioneer (died 1877)
1801 - 1900
1802 β Lydia Child, novelist and abolitionist (died 1880)
1812 β Benjamin Franklin Sands, Commander (Union Navy) (died 1883)
1812 β Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America, (died 1883)
1813 β Otto Ludwig, German novelist, playwright, critic (died 1865)
1819 β Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, composer (died 1890)
1821 β Auguste Edouard Mariette, French Egyptologist (died 1881)
1830 β Hans Bronsart von Schellendorf, musician (died 1913)
1833 β Melville Weston Fuller, 8th Chief Justice of the United States (died 1910)
1839 β Josiah Willard Gibbs, theoretical physicist, chemist (died 1903)
1847 β Thomas Alva Edison, inventor (died 1931)
1860 β Rachilde (MarguΓ©rite Vallette-Eymery), French writer (died 1953)
1863 - John F. Fitzgerald, American politician (died 1950)
1869 β Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts (died 1939)
1869 β Else Lasker-SchΓΌler, lyricist, dramatist and narrator (died 1945)
1873 β Feodor Chaliapin, Russian singer (died 1938)
1874 β Elsa Beskow (Maartman), Swedish children's book and fairy tale writer, (died 1953)
1881 β Arthur Davidson, American businessman (d. 1950)
1887 β John van Melle, South African writer (died 1953)
1894 β Alfonso Leng, Chilean composer (died 1974)
1897 - Colgate W. Darden, Governor of Virginia (died 1981)
1898 β LeΓ³ SzilΓ‘rd, Hungarian physicist, peace activist (died 1964)
1900 β Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher (died 2002)
1901 - 1925
1902 β Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect and designer (died 1971)
1903 β Hans Redlich, composer (d. 1968)
1904 β Sir Keith Holyoake, 26th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1983)
1904 - Clarence W. Meadows, Governor of West Virginia (died 1961)
1908 β Vivian Fuchs, British geologist, explorer (died 1999)
1908 - Philip Dunne, American screenwriter, director and producer (died 1992)
1909 β Max Baer (The Livermore Larruper), American boxer and actor (died 1959)
1909 β Joseph Mankiewicz, director (died 1993)
1911 β Alec Cairncross, chancellor of the University of Glasgow (d. 1998)
1912 β Roy Fuller, English poet and novelist (died 1991)
1912 β Rudolf Firkusny, Czech-American pianist (died 1994)
1914 β Matt Dennis, American singer (died 2002)
1914 β Menelaos Pallantios, composer
1915 β Patrick Leigh Fermor, English writer (died 2011)
1915 β Mervyn Levy, British artist, critic (died 1996)
1915 β Haakon Stotijn, Dutch oboist
1916 β Joseph Alioto, Mayor of San Francisco, California (died 1998)
1916 β Bernice Levin Neugarten, social scientist, gerontologist
1917 β Sidney Sheldon, American writer (died 2007)
1917 - Giuseppe Santis, Italian film director (died 1997)
1919 β Gretchen Fraser, American slalom skier (died 1994)
1919 β Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress (died 1995)
1919 - Anne-Stine Ingstad, Norwegian archaeologist (died 1997)
1919 β Eddie Robinson, college football coach.
1920 β King Farouk I of Egypt (died 1965)
1920 β Daniel Galouye, American science fiction writer (died 2006)
1920 β Billy Halop, American actor (died 1976)
1920 β Paul Peter Piech, artist (died 1996)
1921 β Lloyd Bentsen, American politician (died 2006)
1921 - Jacques Friedel, French physicist (died 2014)
1921 - Ottavio Missoni, Italian hurdler and fashion designer (died 2013)
1922 β Tudor Jarda, composer
1923 β Ronald Arculus, British diplomat
1924 β Mary Tregear, Chinese-British Oriental art historian (died 2010)
1924 - Budge Patty, American tennis player
1925 β Peter Berger, British Vice-Admiral (died 2003)
1925 β Virginia E. Johnson, American doctor and sexologist (died 2013)
1925 β Kim Stanley, American actress (died 2001)
1926 - 1950
1926 β Paul Bocuse, French chef (died 2018)
1926 β Alexander Gibson, British conductor and founder of the Scottish Opera (died 1995)
1926 β Leslie Nielsen, Canadian-American actor (died 2010)
1927 - Albano Harguindeguy, Argentine military (died 2012)
1928 β Gotthilf Fischer, German choirmaster
1928 β Archibald Forster, CEO (Esso UK)
1928 β Conrad Janis, American actor
1929 - Albert Azaryan, Armenian gymnast
1929 β Leonard Kastle, American composer (died 2011)
1931 β Larry Merchant, American writer, boxing commentator
1932 β Jerome Lowenthal, American pianist, professor
1932 - Dennis Skinner, English politician
1934 β Tina Louise, American singer, actress and author
1934 β Francesco Pennisi, composer
1934 β Mary Quant, British fashion designer
1934 β John Surtees, British race car driver (died 2017)
1934 - Mel Carnahan, 51st Governor of Missouri
1935 β Bent Lorentzen, composer
1936 β Burt Reynolds, American actor
1937 β Lodewijk Boer, Dutch violinist, playwright
1937 β Marilyn Butler, Rector of Exeter College, Oxford
1937 β Peter Lashley, West Indies cricketer
1937 β Bill Lawry, Australian cricketer
1937 - Mauro Staccioli, Italian sculptor (died 2018)
1938 β Bevan Congdon, New Zealand cricketer (died 2018)
1938 β Willy Correa de Oliveira, composer
1938 - Mohammed Gammoudi, Tunisian athlete
1938 β Manuel Noriega, Panamanian general and dictator (died 2017)
1939 β Gerry Goffin, American lyricist (died 2014)
1939 β Jane Yolen, American science fiction writer
1940 β Bobby Picket, American musician (died 2007)
1940 - Mick Staton, American politician (died 2014)
1941 β Sergio Mendes, Brazilian musician and songwriter
1942 β Otis Clay, American gospel and R&B singer (died 2016)
1943 β Iain Cameron, British brigadier
1943 - Gerhard Glogowski, German politician
1943 - Joselito, Spanish singer
1943 - Serge Lama, French singer
1944 β Buddhadev Dasgupta, Indian movie director
1944 β Bert Greene, golfer
1944 - Mike Oxley, American politician (died 2016)
1945 - Ralph Doubell, Australian athlete
1945 - Burhan Ghalioun, French-Syrian professor of sociology
1946 β Ian Porterfield, British footballer (died 2007)
1947 β Yukio Hatoyama, former Prime Minister of Japan
1947 - Derek Shulman, Scottish musician
1948 - Chris Rush, American comedian, actor and author
1948 - Yoshihito, Prince Katsura of Japan (died 2014)
1951 - 1975
1953 β Jeb Bush, American politician, former Governor of Florida
1953 β Philip Anglim, American actor
1954 - Wesley Strick, American screenwriter
1955 - Anneli Jaatteenmaki, former Prime Minister of Finland
1956 - Catherine Hickland, American actress and singer
1959 - Bradley Cole, American actor
1959 - Harold J. Greene, American general (died 2014)
1959 - Deborah Meaden, British businesswoman
1960 - Richard Mastracchio, American engineer and astronaut
1960 - Momus, Scottish musician, author and journalist
1961 β Mary Docter, speed skater
1961 β Carey Lowell, American actress
1962 - Tammy Baldwin, American politician, United States Senator for Wisconsin
1962 β Sheryl Crow, American musician
1964 β Sarah Palin, American politician, former Governor of Alaska
1964 - Adrian Hasler, Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
1964 - Ken Shamrock, American professional wrestler and martial artist
1966 - DieudonnΓ© M'bala M'bala, controversial French comedian
1969 β Jennifer Aniston, American actress
1970 β Alistair Brown, English cricketer
1971 - Damian Lewis, English actor
1972 - Dennis McManaman, English footballer
1972 - Kelly Slater, American surfer
1973 - Varg Vikernes, Norwegian musician
1974 β D'Angelo, singer
1974 - Nick Barmby, English footballer
1974 β Alex Jones, American radio host
1974 - Jaroslav Spacek, Czech ice hockey player
1975 β Chuck Watanabe, American kayaker
From 1976
1977 - Mike Shinoda, American musician
1979 β Brandy Norwood, American singer and actress
1980 β Natasha Bobo, actress
1980 β Mark Bresciano, Australian footballer
1980 β Matthew Lawrence, American actor
1981 β Kelly Rowland, American singer (Destiny's Child)
1982 β Neil Robertson, Australian snooker player
1982 - Natalie Dormer, British actress
1983 β Rafael van der Vaart, Dutch footballer
1983 - Huang Shengyi, Chinese actress
1984 - Maxime Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player
1985 - Sarah Butler, American actress
1987 - Lembi Vaher, Estonian pole vaulter
1987 - Ebba Busch Thor, Swedish politician
1988 - Junjun, Chinese-Japanese singer
1990 - Javier Aquino, Mexican footballer
1990 - Princess Ayah bint Al Faisal, of Jordan
1990 - Go Ara, South Korean actress
1990 - Q'orianka Kilcher, American actress
1990 - Hwang Chan-sung, South Korean singer, rapper and actor
1991 - Georgia May Foote, British actress
1991 - Nikola Mirotic, Montenegrin-Spanish basketball player
1991 - Christofer Drew, American singer and composer
1992 β Taylor Lautner, American actor
1992 - Georgia Groome, British actress
1993 - Ben McLemore, American basketball player
1994 - Dominic Janes, American actor
1996 - Jonathan Tah, German footballer
Deaths
Before 1900
55 - Britannicus, son of Claudius (b. 41)
244 - Gordian III, Roman Emperor
641 β Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium in 610β641 (born ca. 575)
731 β Pope Gregory II
821 β Saint Benedict of Aniane (born ca. 747)
824 β Pope Paschal I
1141 β Hugo of St. Victor, philosopher, theologian, mystic
1160 - Minamoto no Yoshitomo, Japanese general (born 1123)
1503 β Elizabeth of York, consort of King Henry VII of England (born 1466)
1543 β Ahmed Gran, sultan of Adal
1622 β Alfonso Fontanelli, composer
1626 - Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician (born 1552)
1650 β RenΓ© Descartes, French philosopher (born 1596)
1685 β David Teniers III, Flemish painter (born 1638)
1713 - Jahandar Shah, Mughal Emperor (born 1664)
1762 β Johann Tobias Krebs, composer (born 1690)
1763 β William Shenstone, poet (born 1714)
1795 - Carl Michael Bellman, Swedish poet and composer (born 1740)
1797 β Antoine Dauvergne, composer (born 1713)
1806 β Vicente MartΓn y Soler, composer
1829 - Alexander Griboyedov, Russian diplomat, playwright, poet and composer (born 1795)
1841 β J H Ferdinand Olivier, German painter
1848 - Thomas Cole, British-American painter (born 1801)
1862 β Elizabeth Siddal, poet and artist (born 1829)
1868 β LΓ©on Foucault, French astronomer (born 1819)
1870 β Leopold Eugen Mechura, composer
1871 β Gaspard ThΓ©odore Ignace de la Fontaine, Luxembourg politician
1879 β Honore Daumier, caricaturist/painter (born 1808)
1879 β Willem J van Zeggelen, Dutch writer
1882 β Gustav Schmidt, composer (born 1874)
1892 β Erik Anthon Valdemar Siboni, composer
1894 β Pasqual Juan Emilio Arrieta y Corera, composer
1901 - 2000
1903 β Henryk Szulc, composer
1907 β Peter J Savelberg, Dutch monastery founder
1911 β Albert von Rothschild, baron, Austrian banker
1917 - Oswaldo Cruz, Brazilian physician (born 1872)
1918 - Taytou Betul, Empress of Ethiopia (born 1851)
1922 β Gerardus J P Bolland, Dutch philosopher
1931 β Charles Algernon Parsons, British inventor (born 1854)
1937 - Walter Burley Griffin, American architect and city planner (born 1876)
1939 β Franz Schmidt, Austrian composer (born 1874)
1940 β John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, Scottish writer and Governor-General of Canada (born 1875)
1942 - Jamnalal Bajaj, Indian industrialist, philanthropist and independence activist (born 1884)
1945 β Al Dubin, Swiss songwriter (born 1891)
1945 β J S H Lokerman, Dutch resistance fighter
1948 β Sergei Eisenstein, Russian movie director (born 1898)
1958 - Ernest Jones, British neurologist and psychoanalyst (born 1879)
1959 β Marshall Teague, race car driver (born 1922)
1960 β Ernst von Dohnanyi, Hungarian conductor (b. 1877)
1960 - Victor Klemperer, German writer (born 1881)
1961 β Eduard R Verkade, Dutch actor, director
1963 β Sylvia Plath, American poet, novelist (born 1932)
1968 β Howard Lindsay, playwright (born 1888)
1970 β Emil Abranyi, composer
1971 β Whitney Young Jr, National Urban League director
1972 β Jan Wils, architect (born 1891)
1973 β Hans D Jensen, German physicist (born 1907)
1975 - Richard Ratsimandrava, President of Madagascar (born 1931)
1976 β Lee J Cobb, actor (born 1911)
1976 β Alexander Lippisch, German aerodynamicist (born 1894)
1977 β Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1946β1948, 1958β1959) (born 1902)
1977 - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, 5th President of Pakistan (born 1905)
1978 β James B Conant, headmaster of Harvard University
1978 - Harry Martinson, Swedish writer (born 1904)
1982 β Eleanor Powell, actress, dancer (born 1912)
1982 β Takashi Shimura, Japanese actor (born 1905)
1985 β Henry Hathaway American actor, director (born 1898)
1985 β Ulysses Simpson Kay, composer
1985 β Heinz Eric Roemheld, composer (born 1901)
1986 β Frank Herbert, science fiction writer (born 1920)
1989 β George O'Hanlon, American actor, director (born 1912)
1991 β Oscar Nitzchke, German architect
1993 - Robert W. Holley, American scientist (born 1922)
1993 β George A Stephen, inventor
1994 β Neil Bonnett, NASCAR driver (born 1946)
1994 β Sorrell Brooke, actor
1994 β William Conrad, actor
1994 - Paul Feyerabend, Austrian philosopher (born 1924)
1996 β Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (born 1946)
1996 β Cyril Poole, English cricket player
1996 β Amelia Rosselli, poet
2000 β Roger Vadim, French director (born 1928)
2000 - Jacqueline Auriol, French pilot (born 1917)
From 2001
2003 β Arndt Brause, Schlager singer
2003 β Daniel Toscan du Plantier, movie producer
2006 - Peter Benchley, American writer (born 1940)
2008 β Tom Lantos, American politician (born 1928)
2008 - Alfredo Reinado, East Timorese rebel leader (born 1967)
2010 β Alexander McQueen, British fashion designer (born 1969)
2010 β Irina Arkhipova, Russian singer (born 1925)
2011 - Bo Carpelan, Finnish writer (born 1926)
2011 β Bad News Brown, Canadian musician (born 1977)
2012 β Whitney Houston, American singer and actress (born 1963)
2014 - Alice Babs, Swedish singer (born 1924)
2015 - Roger Hanin, French actor and director (born 1925)
2015 - Bob Simon, American journalist (born 1941)
2015 - Jerry Tarkanian, American basketball player (born 1930)
2015 - Anne Cuneo, Swiss journalist and author (born 1936)
2016 - Kevin Randleman, American mixed martial arts fighter and wrestler (born 1971)
2017 - Chavo Guerrero Sr., American professional wrestler (born 1949)
2017 - Fab Melo, Brazilian basketball player (born 1990)
2017 - Jiro Taniguchi, Japanese manga artist (born 1947)
2017 - Harvey Lichtenstein, American arts administrator (born 1929)
2018 - Asma Jahangir, Pakistani laywer (born 1952)
2018 - Vic Damone, American singer and actor (born 1928)
2018 - Jon D. Fox, American politician (born 1947)
2018 - Jan Maxwell, American actress (born 1956)
2018 - Nicholas Shehadie, Australian rugby player (born 1925)
Holidays and observances
Catholicism β Feast day of Our Lady of Lourdes
World Day of the Sick
Armed Forces Day (Liberia)
Islamic Revolution's Victory Day (Iran)
National Foundation Day (Japan)
Youth Day (Cameroon)
Inventors' Day (United States)
Days of the year |
7558 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.%20S.%20Eliot | T. S. Eliot | Thomas Stearns Eliot OM (26 September 1888 β 4 January 1965) was an American-born British poet. He was one of the most influential poets of the 20th century. He also wrote plays and some important essays about literature.
Early life
He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, then went to college in Harvard. He spent most of his adult life in London, England. He became a British citizen in 1928.
Career
One famous book of his was written for children and is called The Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats. The songs in the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Cats are based on poems in it. He also wrote "The Waste Land", a very mysterious, complicated poem that helped start a new style called Modernism. His friend, Ezra Pound, another Modern poet, helped him finish it. His poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" and his play Murder in the Cathedral (about Thomas Becket) are also well known.
Personal life and death
He was married two times. He worked at a bank in England and later as the head editor of a famous publishing company in London that is now called Faber and Faber. In 1948, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. He died of emphysema in London.
1888 births
1965 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American Christians
American essayists
American literary critics
American playwrights
American poets
British Anglicans
British essayists
British Nobel Prize winners
British playwrights
British poets
Deaths from emphysema
Disease-related deaths in England
Harvard University alumni
Literary critics
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Order of Merit
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri |
7559 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Lloyd%20Webber | Andrew Lloyd Webber | Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is a British composer and impresario of musical theatre. His company, the Really Useful Group, is one of the largest theatre operators in London.
Career
In 2018, Webber became one of fifteen people to win an Oscar, Grammy, Tony and Emmy Award.
During his career, he has produced 15 musicals (several have run at the West End and on Broadway for ten or more years). His lyricists have included: Tim Rice, Don Black, Christopher Hampton, Richard Stilgoe, and Ben Elton. He wrote the music for two movies: Gumshoe and The Odessa File. He wrote a Latin requiem mass. He has won many awards for his work, most notably seven Tony Awards, three Grammy Awards, an Oscar, an International Emmy, six Olivier Awards, and a Golden Globe Award. Lloyd Webber was knighted in 1992, and entered the House of Lords in 1997.
Personal life
Lloyd Webber's second marriage was to the actress and singer Sarah Brightman. They divorced in 1990. Lloyd Webber's third and current wife is Madeleine Gurdon, a former three-day event horsewoman. His younger brother is cellist Julian Lloyd Webber. On 25 October 2009, it was reported that Webber had been diagnosed with the early stages of prostate cancer. He had an operation and has recovered.
Musicals
He has many musical plays, including:
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (1967)
Jesus Christ Superstar (1970)
Evita (1976)
Cats (1981)
Song and Dance (1982)
Starlight Express (1984)
Phantom of the Opera (1984): as an idea, (1985): Started development and 1st debut, (1986): as 2 pop singles early that year and in October 9th 1st public debut
Aspects of Love (1989)
Sunset Blvd. (1993)
By Jeeves (1996), a rewritten 1974 show
Whistle Down the Wind (1998)
The Beautiful Game (2000)
The Woman in White (2004)
Love Never Dies (2010)
References
1948 births
Living people
Academy Award winning composers
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Cancer survivors
Emmy Award winners
English theatre directors
English composers
Golden Globe Award winning composers
Theatre producers
Grammy Award winners
Members of the House of Lords
People educated at Westminster School, London
Television personalities from London
Tony Award winners
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters |
7560 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%2024 | October 24 |
Events
Up to 1950
69 β Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus, the commander of the Danube armies, loyal to Vespasian, defeat the forces of Emperor Vitellius.
1147 - After a siege of four months crusader knights reconquer Lisbon.
1260 - The Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
1360 β The Treaty of BrΓ©tigny was ratified at Calais, marking the end of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War.
1590 - John White, governor of the second Roanaoake Colony in present-day Virginia, returns to England after an unsuccessful search for the "lost" colonists.
1648 β Peace of Westphalia is signed, ending the Thirty Years' War.
1795 β Partitions of Poland: The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was completely divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia.
1812 β Battle of Maloyaroslavets in Russia during the Napoleonic Wars.
1851 - William Lassell discovers the moons Umbriel and Ariel orbiting the planet Uranus.
1857 - Sheffield F.C., the world's first football club, is founded in Sheffield, England.
1861 β First transcontinental telegraph line in North America is completed, ending the Pony Express.
1901 - Annie Edson Taylor becomes the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel and survive.
1902 - The Santa Maria volcano in Guatemala erupts, almost completely destroying the city of Quetzaltenango.
1911 - Orville Wright remains in the air for 9 minutes and 45 seconds, in a Wright glider at Kill Devil Hills in North Carolina.
1912 - First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo ends in a Serbian victory.
1917 β Battle of Caporetto started on the Austro-Italian front of World War I.
1926 - Harry Houdini has his last performance in Detroit.
1929 β "Black Thursday" crash of the New York Stock Exchange.
1930 β A bloodless coup d'Γ©tat in Brazil ousted Washington LuΓs Pereira de Sousa, the last President of the First Republic. GetΓΊlio Dornelles Vargas was then installed as "provisional president."
1931 - The George Washington Bridge opens to traffic, connecting New York and New Jersey.
1931 - Al Capone is convicted of tax fraud.
1935 β Italy invades Ethiopia.
1943 - The Provisional Government of Free India formally declares war on the United Kingdom and United States.
1944 β World War II: Zuikaku Japanese aircraft carrier is destroyed.
1945 β Founding of the United Nations.
1946 - A camera on board the V-2 No. 13 rocket takes the first photograph of Earth from space.
1947 β Walt Disney testifies to the House Unamerican Activities Committee, naming Disney employees he believes to be communists.
1949 - The cornerstone of the United Nations headquarters is laid in New York City.
1951 2000
1954 β Dwight D. Eisenhower pledges United States support to South Vietnam
1955 β The body of Manolo Just, a probable bisexual, is found in the Mexico apartment of Mary Rogers, daughter of Will Rogers. Homicide is suspected, but never proven.
1956 β Soviet Union invades Hungary
1960 β An R-16 ballistic missile explodes on the launch pad at the Soviet Union's Baykonur space facility, killing 165. Among the dead is field marshall Mitrofan Nedelin, whose death is reported to have occurred in a plane crash.
1963 - 129 miners are trapped underground in Lengede, Germany, being rescued successfully two weeks later.
1964 β Northern Rhodesia gains independence from the United Kingdom and became the Republic of Zambia (Southern Rhodesia remained a colony).
1964 - The 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo end.
1970 β Salvador Allende is elected President of Chile
1973 β The Yom Kippur War ends.
1977 - The United States observes Veterans Day on the fourth Monday in October for the last time. From the following year, it is observed on November 11.
1980 β Government of Poland legalizes Solidarity trade union.
1989 β Televangelist Jim Bakker is sentenced to 45 years in prison and a 500,000 USD fine for defrauding investors of 3.7 million USD.
1992 - The Toronto Blue Jays become the first Major League Baseball team not to be based in the United States (they are based in Canada) to win the World Series.
1995 - In Burma, Aung San Suu Kyi is placed under house arrest.
1998 β Launch of Deep Space 1 comet/asteroid mission
1998 β Tropical Storm Mitch reached hurricane strength.
From 2001
2001 - Two lorries collide in the Gotthard Road Tunnel in Switzerland, leading to a fire that kills 11 people.
2002 β Police arrested spree killers John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo, ending the Beltway sniper attacks in the area around Washington, DC.
2003 β Concorde made its last commercial flight, bringing the era of airliner supersonic transport to a close, at least for the time being.
2004 - Arsenal FC's run of 49 games unbeaten is ended by Manchester United.
2005 - Hurricane Wilma makes landfall in Florida.
2007 - Chang'e 1, the first satellite in the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, is launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
2008 - "Black Friday" sees many of the world's stock exchanges experience the worst single-day declines in their history.
2019 - The remains of Spanish dictator General Francisco Franco are removed from the Valley of the Fallen and reburied in a cemetery north of Madrid.
Births
Up to 1900
51 β Domitian, Roman Emperor (died 96)
1378 - David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, Scottish nobleman (died 1402)
1503 - Isabella of Portugal (died 1578)
1561 - Anthony Babington, English leader of the Babington Plot (died 1586)
1632 β Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch microbiologist (died 1723)
1675 - Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English soldier and politician (died 1749)
1713 - Marie Fel, French opera singer (died 1794)
1739 - Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbuettel, German composer (died 1807)
1764 - Dorothea von Schlegel, German novelist (died 1839)
1765 - James Mackintosh, Scottish jurist, politician and historian (died 1832)
1788 β Sarah Josepha Hale, American poet (died 1879)
1796 - David Roberts, Scottish painter (died 1864)
1804 - Wilhelm Eduard Weber, German physicist (died 1891)
1811 β Ferdinand Hiller, composer (died 1885)
1814 - Rafael Carrera y Turcios, President of Guatemala (died 1865)
1830 - Marianne North, English painter (died 1890)
1838 - Annie Edson Taylor, American adventuress (died 1921)
1838 - Emil Frey, Swiss politician (died 1922)
1844 - Karl Lueger, Austrian politician, Mayor of Vienna (died 1910)
1854 - Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom, Dutch chemist (died 1907)
1855 β James S. Sherman, Vice President of the United States (died 1912)
1868 β Alexandra David-NΓ©el, French explorer, anarchist, spiritualist, Buddhist and writer (died 1969)
1875 - Konstantin Yuon, Russian painter (died 1958)
1879 - B. A. Rolfe, American musician, singer and movie producer (died 1956)
1882 - Sybil Thorndike, British actress (died 1976)
1885 - Rachel Katznelson-Shazar, Zionist political figure (died 1975)
1887 - Octave Lapize, French cyclist (died 1917)
1887 β Victoria Eugenia, Queen of Spain (died 1969)
1891 β Rafael Molina-Trujillo, President of the Dominican Republic (died 1961)
1893 - Kurt Huber, German psychology and musicology professor, resistance activist (died 1943)
1896 - Jack Warner, English actor (died 1981)
1897 - John P. Buchanan, 28th Governor of Tennessee (died 1930)
1898 - Peng Dehuai, Chinese general (died 1974)
1899 - Ferhat Abbas, President of Algeria (died 1985)
1901 1925
1901 - Gilda Gray, Polish-born American actress (died 1959)
1903 β Melvin Purvis, American FBI chief (died 1960)
1904 β Moss Hart, dramatist (died 1961)
1906 - Alexander Gelfond, Russian mathematician (died 1968)
1909 β Bill Carr, American athlete (died 1966)
1909 - Elwyn Jones, Baron Elwyn-Jones, Welsh barrister and politician (died 1989)
1913 β Tito Gobbi, Italian baritone (died 1984)
1915 β Bob Kane, cartoonist and creator of Batman (died 1998)
1915 - Letitia Woods Brown, American researcher and historian (died 1976)
1919 - Frank Piasecki, American aeronautical engineer (died 2008)
1921 - R. K. Laxman, Indian cartoonist, illustrator and humorist (died 2015)
1922 - Horst Stern, German science journalist, filmmaker and writer (died 2019)
1923 - Robin Day, British political broadcaster and commentator (died 2000)
1925 β Luciano Berio, Italian composer (died 2003)
1925 - Bob Azzam, Egyptian singer (died 2004)
1925 - Emmett Chappelle, American scientist (died 2019)
1925 - Al Feldstein, American writer, editor and artist (died 2014)
1925 - Willie Mabon, American singer-songwriterand pianist (died 1985)
1925 - Ieng Sary, Cambodian Khmer Rouge politician (died 2013)
1926 1950
1926 - Rafael Azcona, Spanish screenwriter (died 2008)
1926 β Y. A. Tittle, American football player (died 2017)
1927 β Jean-Claude Pascal, French singer, Eurovision Song Contest winner (died 1992)
1927 - Gilles BΓ©caud, French singer (d. 2001)
1929 - Jim Brosnan, American baseball player and author (died 2014)
1929 β George Crumb, American composer
1929 β Yordan Radichkov, Bulgarian writer and playwright (died 2004)
1929 - Sos Sargsyan, Armenian actor (died 2013)
1930 - Ahmad Shah Pahang, King of Malaysia
1930 - Elaine Feinstein, English poet and novelist (died 2019)
1930 - Johan Galtung, Norwegian mathematician, sociologist and politologist
1930 β The Big Bopper (Jiles Perry Richardson, Jr.), rock and roll star (died 1959)
1931 β Sofia Gubaidulina, Russian composer
1931 - Ken Utsui, Japanese actor and director (died 2014)
1932 - Ian Cathie, Australian politician (died 2017)
1932 - Stephen Covey, American writer (died 2012)
1932 - Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, French physicist (died 2007)
1932 - Adrian Mitchell, British writer (died 2008)
1932 - Robert Mundell, Canadian economist
1933 - Reggie Kray, English criminal (died 2000)
1933 - Ronnie Kray, English criminal (died 1995)
1933 - Norman Rush, American writer
1936 β Bill Wyman, British musician (the Rolling Stones)
1936 - Jimmy Dawkins, American blues musician and singer
1937 - Santo Farina, American musician and composer
1938 - Odean Pope, American jazz saxophonist
1939 β F. Murray Abraham, American Academy Award-winning actor
1940 - Giacomo Bulgarelli, Italian footballer (died 2009)
1940 - Yossi Sarid, Israeli politician (died 2015)
1941 - Peter Takeo Okada, Japanese priest, 11th Archbishop of Tokyo
1942 - Maggie Blye, American actress (died 2016)
1943 - Bill Dundee, American professional wrestler
1944 - Viktor Prokopenko, Ukrainian footballer and coach (died 2007)
1944 β Ray Downs American novelist and country music singer
1946 - Jerry Edmonton, Canadian musician (Steppenwolf) (died 1993)
1947 β Kevin Kline, American Academy Award-winning actor
1948 - Phil Bennett, Welsh rugby player
1948 β Kweisi Mfume, American civil rights activist and Congressman from Maryland
1948 - Barry Ryan, British musician
1948 - Paul Ryan, British musician
1949 - Keith Rowley, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
1950 - Steven Greenberg, American musician, songwriter and conductor
1950 - Asa Hartford, Scottish footballer
1950 - Gabriella Sica, Italian poet
1951 1975
1953 - Jim Pettie, Canadian ice hockey player
1953 - Christoph Daum, German footballer and coach
1954 - Malcolm Turnbull, Australian politician, 29th Prime Minister of Australia
1954 - Mike Rounds, American politician, 31st Governor of North Dakota
1954 - Tom Mulcair, Canadian politician, former leader of the New Democratic Party
1954 - Bradley Sherman, American politician
1956 - Jeff Merkley, American politician
1957 - Manuel Rivas, Spanish-Galician writer
1959 - Dominique Baert, French politician
1959 - Gunnar Bakke, Norwegian banker and politician
1960 - Christoph Schlingensief, German theatre director and writer (died 2010)
1960 β Ian Baker-Finch, golf champion
1960 - B.D. Wong, American actor
1961 β Mary Bono Mack, member of the United States House of Representatives from California
1962 - Jonathan Davies, Welsh rugby player
1963 - John Hendrie, Scottish footballer
1963 - Giselle Laronde, Trinidadian model
1964 - Rosana Arbelo, Spanish singer and composer
1966 - Roman Abramovich, Russian oil magnate and owner of Chelsea FC
1966 - Simon Danczuk, English politician
1967 - Jacqueline McKenzie, Australian actress
1967 - Esther MacVey, English politician
1971 - Dervla Kirwan, Irish actress
1971 - Caprice Bourret, American model and actress
1972 β Pat Williams, American football player
1973 - Jackie McNamara, Scottish footballer
1975 - Juan Pablo Angel, Colombian footballer
From 1976
1976 - Petar Stoychev, Bulgarian swimmer
1977 - IvΓ‘n Kaviedes, Ecuadorean footballer
1979 - Ben Gillies, Australian musician
1980 - Matthew Amoah, Ghanaian footballer
1980 - Casey Wilson, American comic actress
1981 β Tila Nguyen, Vietnamese model
1981 - Sebastian Bueno, Argentine footballer
1982 - Fairuz Faury, Malaysian racing driver
1983 - Mikkel Beckmann, Danish footballer
1983 - V V Brown, English singer-songwriter
1983 - Katie McGrath, Irish actress
1984 - Jonas Gustavsson, Swedish ice hockey player
1985 - Matthew Robinson, Australian snowboarder (died 2014)
1985 β Wayne Rooney, English footballer
1986 - Drake, Canadian actor, rapper and singer
1986 - John Ruddy, English footballer
1987 - Anthony Vanden Borre, Belgian footballer
1988 - Mitch Inman, Australian rugby player
1989 - Shenae Grimes, Canadian actress
1989 - PewDiePie, Swedish YouTube personality
1989 - Eliza Taylor, Australian actress
1990 - Ilkay Gundogan, German footballer
1994 - Krystal, American-Korean singer
1997 - Claudia Fragapane, English gymnast
1998 - Daya, American singer
Deaths
Up to 1900
996 β King Hugh Capet of France
1260 - Qutuz, Egyptian sultan
1375 - King Valdemar IV of Denmark (b. 1320)
1537 β Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII of England
1572 - Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby, English politician (b. 1508)
1601 - Tycho Brahe, Danish astronomer (b. 1546)
1604 - Za Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia
1655 - Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher, mathematician and scientist (b. 1592)
1672 β John Webb, architect
1725 - Alessandro Scarlatti, Italian composer (b. 1660)
1799 β Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf, composer
1821 β Elias Boudinot, American President of the Continental Congress (b. 1740)
1842 - Bernardo O'Higgins, Chilean political figure (b. 1778)
1852 β Daniel Webster, lawyer and politician (b. 1782)
1875 - Raffaele Carboni, Italian writer (b. 1817)
1898 β Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, painter (b. 1898)
1901 2000
1912 β Mykola Lysenko, Ukrainian composer (b. 1842)
1918 - Daniel Burley Woolfall, English FIFA President (b. 1852)
1922 - George Cadbury, British chocolate and cocoa manufacturer (b. 1839)
1935 - Dutch Schultz, American mobster (b. 1902)
1938 - Ernst Barlach, German sculptor (b. 1870)
1944 β Louis Renault, French automobile manufacturer (b. 1877)
1945 β Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian politician and traitor (b. 1887)
1948 β Franz LehΓ‘r, composer (b. 1870)
1957 β Christian Dior, an influential French fashion designer (born 1905)
1958 - George Edward Moore, British philosopher (b. 1873)
1964 - Toni Kinshofer, German mountaineer (b. 1931)
1966 - Sofya Yanovskaya, Russian mathematician (b. 1896)
1971 β Carl Ruggles, composer (b. 1876)
1972 β Jackie Robinson, American Baseball Hall of Famer (b. 1919)
1972 - Claire Windsor, American actress (b. 1892)
1974 β David Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist (born 1908)
1981 - Edith Head, American costume designer (b. 1897)
1985 - Maurice Roy, Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1905)
1989 - Jerzy Kukuczka, Polish mountaineer (b. 1948)
1991 β Gene Roddenberry, American television producer, creator of the Star Trek series (b. 1921)
1993 - Heinz Kubsch, German footballer (b. 1930)
1996 - Gladwyn Jebb, British politician and diplomat (b. 1900)
1997 β Don Messick, voice actor (b. 1926)
1999 - Jaime GarzΓ³n, Colombian journalist and politician (b. 1960)
From 2001
2001 - Seishiro Shimatani, Japanese footballer (b. 1938)
2001 β Wolf RΓΌdiger Hess, German neo-Nazi (b. 1937)
2002 β Winton M. Blount, first United States Postmaster General to have served in a Presidential Cabinet (b. 1921)
2002 β Adolph Green, American lyricist and playwright
2002 β Harry Hay, US gay rights activist and Mattachine Society founder (b. 1912)
2004 β James Cardinal Hickey, archbishop of Washington, D.C. (b. 1920)
2005 β Rosa Parks, American Civil Rights activist (b. 1913)
2005 - JosΓ© Azcona del Hoyo, President of Honduras (b. 1927)
2007 - Petr Eben, Czech composer (b. 1929)
2008 - Helmut Zilk, Austrian journalist and politician, Mayor of Vienna (b. 1927)
2012 - Anita BjΓΆrk, Swedish actress (b. 1923)
2012 - Margaret Osborne duPont, American tennis player (b. 1918)
2013 - Manna Dey, Indian playback singer (b. 1919)
2013 - Manolo Escobar, Spanish singer (b. 1931)
2014 - Kim Anderzon, Swedish actress (b. 1943)
2014 - Mbulaeni Mulaudzi, South African athlete (b. 1980)
2014 - S. S. Rajendran, Indian actor (b. 1928)
2014 - Lorenzo Albacete, Argentine priest (b. 1941)
2015 - Maureen O'Hara, Irish-American actress (b. 1920)
2016 - Bobby Vee, American singer (b. 1943)
2016 - Jorge Batlle IbÑñez, President of Uruguay (b. 1927)
2017 - Ebrahim Ashtiani, Iranian footballer (b. 1941)
2017 - Glenn Barr, Northern Irish politician (b. 1942)
2017 - Inga Borg, Swedish author (b. 1925)
2017 - Girija Devi, Indian singer (b. 1929)
2017 - Fats Domino, American singer and pianist (b. 1928)
2017 - I. V. Sasi, Indian film director (b. 1948)
2018 - Carmen Alborch, Spanish writer and politician (b. 1947)
2018 - Rudolf Gelbard, Austrian Holocaust survivor (b. 1930)
2018 - Anatoly Gladilin, Russian writer (b. 1935)
2018 - Hip Hop Pantsula, South African rapper (b. 1980)
2018 - Christine Stix-Hackl, Austrian jurist (b. 1957)
2018 - Tony Joe White, American singer-songwriter (b. 1943)
2019 - Walter Franco, Brazilian rock music singer, guitarist and composer (b. 1945)
2019 - Kaoru Yachigusa, Japanese actress (b. 1931)
Holidays
United Nations Day
Independence Day in Zambia (1964)
Maladay (Discordianism)
Suez Day (Egypt)
Days of the year |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.