bayes-group-diffusion/wiki_auto · Datasets at Hugging Face

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The F5 resulted in no fatalities , but an F4 tornado in Paris , Texas resulted in 10 fatalities and 170 injuries .	No deaths were reported from this tornado , however , an F4 tornado in Paris , Texas resulted in ten fatalities .	[]
Catherine of Valois ( 27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437 ) was the queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422 .	Catherine of Valois ( 27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437 ) was the queen of Henry V of England and the mother of Henry VI of England .	[]
Catherine of Valois was the youngest daughter of King Charles VI of France and his wife Isabeau of Bavaria .	She was the daughter of King Charles VI of France and his wife Isabelle of Bavaria .	[]
Her liaison ( and possible secret marriage ) with Owen Tudor proved the springboard of that family 's fortunes , eventually leading to their grandson 's elevation as Henry VII of England .	Catherine had a secret relationship with Owen Tudor .	[]
From the relationship of Owen Tudor and Queen Catherine descended the Tudor dynasty of England , starting with King Henry VII .	Catherine entered into a relationship with Owen Tudor of Wales .	[]
They had one daughter , Margaret , who became a nun and died young .	They had two daughters , Tacinda , who married Reginald Grey , 7th Baron Grey de Wilton and Margaret who became a nun .	[]
In May 1420 , a peace agreement was made between England and France , the Treaty of Troyes , and Charles acknowledged Henry of England as his heir .	In May 1420 , a peace treaty was made between England and France . <SEP> Charles made Henry of England his heir .	[]
Catherine went to England with her new husband and was crowned queen in Westminster Abbey on 23 February 1421 .	Catherine went to England with her new husband . <SEP> She was crowned queen in Westminster Abbey on 23 February 1421 .	[]
By this time , Catherine was several months pregnant and gave birth to a son named Henry on 6 December 1421 at Windsor .	Catherine gave birth to Prince Henry on 6 December 1421 at Windsor .	[]
During the siege of Meaux , he became sick with dysentery and died on 31 August 1422 , just before his 36th birthday .	During the siege of Meaux , Henry V had a fatal illness ( dysentery ) and died on 31 August 1422 , just before his 35th birthday .	[]
Catherine was not quite 21 and was left a queen dowager .	Catherine was not quite 21 and was left a widow and Dowager Queen of England .	[]
Charles VI died a couple of months after Henry V , making the young Henry VI king of England and English-occupied northern France .	Charles VI then died . <SEP> This made the young Henry VI king of England and English-occupied northern France .	[]
Roger Arnold " Deke " Leonard ( 18 December 1944 – 31 January 2017 ) was a Welsh rock musician , " serving a life sentence in the music business " .	Roger " Deke " Leonard ( 18 December 1944 – 31 January 2017 ) was a British rock guitarist . <SEP> Leonard died on 31 January 2017 at the age of 72 .	[]
Best known as a member of the progressive rock band Man , which he joined and left several times , and for fronting his own rock and roll band Iceberg , which he formed and disbanded several times , he was also an author , raconteur and television panelist .	He was best known a member of the bands Man and Iceberg .	[]
Leonard was born in Llanelli , South Wales .	He was born in Llanelli , south Wales .	[]
Following the formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569 , the country over the next two centuries contained many languages , cultures and religions .	In 1569 , Poland formed a strong union with Lithuania called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth .	[]
After regaining independence in 1918 , Poland saw the rapid development of the postal system as new services were introduced including money transfers , payment of pensions , delivery of magazines , and air mail .	Poland regained its independence in 1918 after World War I.	[]
This was followed by the ' Deluge ' , a Swedish invasion of Poland , which marched through the Polish heartlands and ruined the country 's population , culture and infrastructure — around four million of Poland 's eleven million inhabitants died in famines and epidemics throughout the 17th century .	In the 17th century Sweden attacked almost all of Poland ( this was called “ the Deluge ” ) .	[]
Russia and Prussia , fearing the mere existence of a Polish state , arranged for , and in 1793 executed , the Second Partition of the Commonwealth , which left the country deprived of so much territory that it was practically incapable of independent existence .	Russia , Prussia , and Austria broke Poland into three pieces in 1772 , 1793 and 1795 , which dissolved the country .	[]
But , after the failed Napoleonic Wars , Poland was again split between the victorious powers at the Congress of Vienna of 1815 .	Napoleon made another Polish state , “ the Duchy of Warsaw ” , but after the Napoleonic wars , Poland was split again by the countries at the Congress of Vienna .	[]
The eastern part was ruled by the Russian tsar as Congress Poland , which had a liberal constitution .	The eastern part was ruled by the Russian tsar .	[]
During World War I , all the Allies agreed on the reconstitution of Poland that United States President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed in Point 13 of his Fourteen Points .	During World War I all the Allies agreed to save Poland .	[]
Shortly after the armistice with Germany in November 1918 , Poland regained its independence as the Second Polish Republic ( " II Rzeczpospolita Polska " ) .	Soon after the surrender of Germany in November 1918 , Poland became the Second Polish Republic ( " II Rzeczpospolita Polska " ) .	[]
It reaffirmed its independence after a series of military conflicts , the most notable being the Polish – Soviet War ( 1919 – 21 ) when Poland inflicted a crushing defeat on the Red Army at the Battle of Warsaw , an event which is considered to have halted the advance of Communism into Europe and forced Vladimir Lenin to rethink his objective of achieving global socialism .	It got its freedom after several military conflicts ; the largest was in 1919-1921 Polish-Soviet War .	[]
Poles then voted to join the European Union in a referendum in June 2003 , with Poland becoming a full member on 1 May 2004 .	After the democratic consolidation , Poland joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 . <SEP> Polish voters then voted to join the European Union in a vote in June 2003 .	[]
Poland is a member of the European Union , NATO , the UN , the World Trade Organization , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , European Economic Area , International Energy Agency , Council of Europe , Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe , International Atomic Energy Agency , European Space Agency , G6 , Council of the Baltic Sea States , Visegra ́ d Group , Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement .	Poland is also a member of NATO , the United Nations , and the World Trade Organization .	[]
Most visibly , there were numerous improvements in human rights , such as freedom of speech , internet freedom ( no censorship ) , civil liberties ( 1st class ) and political rights ( 1st class ) , as ranked by Freedom House non-governmental organization .	When Communism ended in Poland there were many improvements in human rights , such as freedom of speech , democracy , etc .	[]
In 1991 , Poland became a member of the Visegra ́ d Group and joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) alliance in 1999 along with the Czech Republic and Hungary .	In 1991 Poland became a member of the Visegrad Group and joined NATO in 1999 along with the Czech Republic and Hungary .	[]
Since joining the EU in May 2004 , Poland has invested large amounts of public funds into modernization projects of its transport networks .	The country joined the EU on May 1 , 2004 .	[]
Around six million Polish citizens , including 90 % of the country 's Jews , perished in the war .	More than six million people died during the war , including 3 million Jews in the Holocaust .	[]
World War II began with the Nazi German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 , followed by the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September .	On September 1 , 1939 , World War II started when Nazi Germany attacked Poland . <SEP> The Soviet Union attacked Poland on September 17 , 1939 .	[]
On 28 September 1939 , Warsaw fell .	Warsaw was defeated on September 28 , 1939 .	[]
As agreed in the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact , Poland was split into two zones , one occupied by Nazi Germany , the other by the Soviet Union .	Poland was split into two pieces , one half owned by Nazi Germany , the other by the Soviet Union .	[]
Germany killed 3 million Polish Jews , and around 2.8 million ethnic Poles , including Polish academics , doctors , lawyers , nobility , priests and others .	More than 6 million Polish people died , and half of these people were Jewish .	[]
The western border became the Oder-Neisse line .	The western border was moved to the Oder-Neisse line .	[]
As a result , Poland 's territory was reduced by 20 % , or 77500 km2 .	The new Poland became 20 % smaller by 77,500 square kilometers ( 29,900 sq mi ) .	[]
The shift forced the migration of millions of other people , most of whom were Poles , Germans , Ukrainians , and Jews .	The shift forced millions of Poles , Germans , Ukrainians , and Jews to move .	[]
South of the Northern European Plain are the regions of Lusatia , Silesia and Masovia , which are marked by broad ice-age river valleys .	South of the northeastern region is the regions of Silesia and Masovia , which are marked by broad ice age river valleys .	[]
Farther south is a mountainous region , including the Sudetes , the Krako ́ w-Cze ̨ stochowa Uplands , the S ́ wie ̨ tokrzyskie Mountains , and the Carpathian Mountains , including the Beskids .	Further south is the Polish mountain region . <SEP> These mountains include the Sudetes and the Carpathian Mountains .	[]
The highest part of the Carpathians is the Tatra Mountains , along Poland 's southern border .	The highest part of the Carpathians is the Tatra mountains which is along Poland ’ s southern border .	[]
Nelson Angelo Tamsma Piquet Souto Maior ( born July 25 , 1985 ) , also known as Nelson Piquet Junior or Nelsinho Piquet , is a Brazilian stock car racing driver and former Formula One and Formula E driver where he was champion in the 2014 – 15 season , and also races a Rebellion R-One LMP1 in the FIA World Endurance Championship .	Nelson A ̂ ngelo Tamsma Piquet Souto Maior ( born 25 July 1985 in Heidelberg , West Germany ) , also known as Nelson Piquet Junior or Nelsinho Piquet , is a racing driver .	[]
Piquet Jr . , born in Heidelberg , West Germany , is the son of three-time Formula One world champion Nelson Piquet , one of Brazil 's most successful F1 drivers .	He is the son of three-time Formula One world champion Nelson Piquet , one of Brazil 's most successful F1 drivers .	[]
Piquet 's parents separated soon after he was born , and he lived in Monaco with his Dutch mother , Sylvia Tamsma , until he was eight years old , when his parents separated again .	Piquet 's parents separated soon after he was born . <SEP> He lived in Monaco with his Dutch mother , Sylvia Tamsma , until he was eight years old .	[]
He then moved to live in Brazil with his father .	He then moved to Brazil with his father .	[]
My mother wanted me to get to know my father , she wanted me to know Brazil and the language , and she realized life in Brazil would be better for a child . "	My mother wanted me to get to know my father , she wanted me to know Brazil and the language , and she realised life in Brazil would be better for a child . "	[]
Piquet has two sisters , Kelly and Julia , and four half-brothers , Geraldo , Laszlo , Pedro , and Marco .	Piquet has two sisters , Kelly and Julia , and four brothers , Geraldo , Laszlo , Pedro and Marco .	[]
He lived in Brasi ́ lia and attended the American School of Brasi ́ lia until he was 16 years old , when he decided to pursue his racing career full-time .	He lived in Brasi ́ lia and attended the American School of Brasi ́ lia . <SEP> When he was 16 years old , he decided to pursue his racing career full-time .	[]
In his first truck race , Piquet finished 6th , the first Brazilian driver to finish in the top ten in the series ' history .	In his first truck race , Piquet was managed to score a sixth-place effort , the first Brazilian driver to finish in the top ten in the series history .	[]
Piquet then announced that he would compete in three races for Billy Ballew Motorsports driving the # 15 truck .	Piquet announced that he would be competing in three races for Billy Ballew Motorsports .	[]
In August , he competed in the NASCAR Nationwide Series race at the Watkins Glen International road course and finished seventh in his first start in the series .	In August , he competed in the NASCAR Nationwide Series race at the Watkins Glen International road course . <SEP> He finished seventh in his first start in the series .	[]
In August 2009 , after Piquet left the Renault F1 team , allegations surfaced that Piquet had deliberately crashed his car at the 2008 Singapore Grand Prix , to benefit his teammate Fernando Alonso , who went on to win the race .	After Piquet left the Renault F1 team , the media started making claims about Piquet .	[]
At the time , Piquet characterized the crash as a simple mistake .	At the time , Piquet had said the crash as a simple mistake .	[]
Later , he recanted , making statements to the Fe ́ de ́ ration Internationale de l 'Automobile ( FIA ) that it was deliberate , and that he had been asked by Renault team principal Flavio Briatore and engineer Pat Symonds to stage the crash .	He said had been asked by Renault team principal Flavio Briatore and engineer Pat Symonds to stage the crash .	[]
In return for his evidence , Piquet was granted blanket immunity by the FIA .	In return for his statement , Piquet was given immunity by the FIA .	[]
On 4 September 2009 , Renault F1 principals were charged with conspiracy and race rigging , and were called to face the FIA World Motor Sport Council in Paris on 21 September 2009 .	On 4 September 2009 Renault F1 was charged with conspiracy and race fixing .	[]
However , on 16 September , Renault announced they would not contest the charges , and that both Briatore and Symonds had left the team .	On 16 September , Renault announced they would not contest the charges , and that Briatore and team engineer Symonds had left the team .	[]
Otto Carius ( 27 May 1922 – 24 January 2015 ) was a German tank commander in the army of Nazi Germany during World War II .	Otto Carius ( 27 May 1922 – 24 January 2015 ) was a German former Nazi tank commander .	[]
He was a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves .	He received the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves .	[]
He also authored a book about his wartime experiences called " Tigers in the Mud " , which was released in 1960 .	He also wrote books about his experiences during the war .	[]
He died on 24 January 2015 at age 92 .	He died from a short illness in Herschweiler-Pettersheim , Germany , aged 92 .	[]
Dean Kent Brooks ( July 26 , 1916 – May 30 , 2013 ) was an American physician and actor .	Dean Kent Brooks ( July 22 , 1916 – May 30 , 2013 ) or Dean R. Brooks was an American physician and actor .	[]
Dean Brooks graduated from the University of Kansas with a bachelor 's degree and the University of Kansas Medical School in Kansas City , Kansas in 1942 .	He studied at University of Kansas Medical School .	[]
In its purest form , it is a bright , slightly reddish yellow , dense , soft , malleable , and ductile metal .	Gold is a soft , dense , yellow metal .	[]
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au ( from ) and atomic number 79 , making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally .	Its chemical symbol is Au . <SEP> Its atomic number is 79 .	[]
A relatively rare element , gold is a precious metal that has been used for coinage , jewelry , and other arts throughout recorded history .	As a precious metal , it has been used for many thousands of years by people all over the world , for jewelry , and as money . <SEP> Gold is important because it is rare , but also easier to use than other rare metals .	[]
Chemically , gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element .	In chemistry , gold is chemical element 79 , a transition metal in Group 11 .	[]
The symbol " Au " is from the , the Latin word for " gold " .	It has an atomic weight of 199.966 a.m.u. Its symbol is Au , from the Latin word for gold , " aurum " .	[]
Biljana Plavs ̌ ic ́ ( ; born 7 July 1930 ) is a former president of Republika Srpska who was indicted in 2001 by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) for war crimes committed during the Bosnian War .	Biljana Plavs ̌ ic ́ ( ; born 7 July 1930 ) is a Serbian politician . <SEP> She President of Republika Srpska who was indicted in 2001 by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) for war crimes committed during the Bosnian War .	[]
She plea-bargained with the ICTY and was sentenced to 11 years in prison in 2003 , to be served in a Swedish prison .	She plea-bargained with the ICTY and was sentenced to 11 years in prison in 2003 .	[]
Gustave Courbet was born in 1819 to Re ́ gis and Sylvie Oudot Courbet in Ornans ( department of Doubs ) .	Courbet was born in 1819 , and was the son of Re ́ gis and Sylvie Oudot Courbet in Ornans , Doubs .	[]
Courbet went to Paris in 1839 and worked at the studio of Steuben and Hesse .	When Courbet was twenty he went to Paris in 1839 , and worked at the studio of two other painters , Steuben and Hesse .	[]
Among his paintings of the early 1840s are several self-portraits , Romantic in conception , in which the artist portrayed himself in various roles .	He painted several self-portraits at this time .	[]
After moving to Paris he often returned home to Ornans to hunt , fish and find inspiration .	He often returned home to Ornans to hunt , fish and find inspiration in the countryside and country life .	[]
Courbet painted figurative compositions , landscapes , seascapes , and still lifes .	Courbet painted a large picture of everday-life at Ornans . <SEP> Like the Dutch painters he admired , Courbet often painted in broad , rough brush strokes .	[]
The work , reminiscent of Chardin and Le Nain , earned Courbet a gold medal and was purchased by the state .	It won a Gold Medal and was bought by the French Government .	[]
The gold medal meant that his works would no longer require jury approval for exhibition at the Salon — an exemption Courbet enjoyed until 1857 ( when the rule changed ) .	Because of the gold medal , Courbet could hang his pictures at the Salon Exhibitions without having them checked by a jury first . <SEP> This rule was changed in 1857 .	[]
His work , along with that of Honore ́ Daumier and Jean-Franc ̧ ois Millet , became known as " Realism " .	Courbet 's work , and the work of Honore ́ Daumier and Jean-Franc ̧ ois Millet , became known as " Realism " .	[]
In 1855 , Courbet submitted fourteen paintings for exhibition at the " Exposition Universelle " .	In 1855 Coubet took this picture , with " Burial at Ornan " and twelve other paintings to be shown in a big international exhibition in Paris called " Exposition Universelle " .	[]
He displayed forty of his paintings , including " The Artist 's Studio " , in his own gallery called " The Pavilion of Realism " ( Pavillon du Re ́ alisme ) which was a temporary structure that he erected next door to the official Salon-like " Exposition Universelle " .	He had his own building put up , and showed forty of his paintings .	[]
Courbet was admired by many younger artists .	Many other artists praised Courbet , but some people laughed at him , and the public did not buy very many of his pictures . <SEP> Because of what he had done , younger artists heard about him and admired him .	[]
In the Salon of 1857 Courbet showed six paintings .	In 1857 Courbet showed six pictures in the Salon exhibition .	[]
These included " Young Ladies on the Banks of the Seine ( Summer ) " , depicting two prostitutes under a tree , as well as the first of many hunting scenes Courbet was to paint during the remainder of his life : " Hind at Bay in the Snow " and " The Quarry " .	For the rest of his life , Courbet painted erotic pictures like the picture of the prostitutes , and also many more hunting scenes .	[]
This culminated in " The Origin of the World ( L 'Origine du monde ) " ( 1866 ) , which depicts female genitalia and was not publicly exhibited until 1988 , and " Sleep " ( 1866 ) , featuring two women in bed .	This painting was not shown in a public exhibition until 1988 .	[]
Lee has cited influences ranging from composers such as Mozart and Danny Elfman , to artists like Bjo ̈ rk , Tori Amos , Plumb and Shirley Manson .	Lee is musically influenced by musicians and artists of different genres , from classical artists such as Mozart to modern artists like Bjo ̈ rk , Portishead , Danny Elfman , Korn and Tori Amos . <SEP> She cites Bjo ̈ rk as a big influence .	[]
Lee received the Songwriter Icon Award from the National Music Publishers Association in 2008 .	Lee is the main lyricist and composer in the band and won the National Music Publisher 's Association 's Songwriter Icon Award in 2008 for her achievements as a songwriter .	[]
Lee is also the American chairperson for the international epilepsy awareness foundation " Out of the Shadows " .	Lee is the spokesperson of the Epilepsy Foundation .	[]
In 2012 , she won Best Vocalist at the " Revolver " Golden Gods Awards and was also named Rock Goddess of the Year at the " Loudwire " Music Awards .	She won the 2012 Revolver 's Golden Gods award for best vocalist , and was named the 2012 " Rock Goddess of the Year " in the Loudwire Music Awards .	[]
Amy Lee was born in Riverside , California , to parents John Lee , a disc jockey and television personality , and Sara Cargill .	Lee was born in Riverside , California . <SEP> Her parents were John Lee , a disc jockey , and Sara Lee ( ne ́ e Cargill ) .	[]
Lee 's family moved to many places , including West Palm Beach , Florida , and Rockford , Illinois , and eventually settled in Little Rock , Arkansas , where Evanescence was formed .	Her family moved to many places .	[]
She has two sisters , Carrie and Lori .	She has two sisters , Carrie and Lori , and one brother , Robby .	[]
Lee had a younger sister who died in 1987 at the age of three from an unidentified illness and a brother named Robby who died in 2018 after struggling with severe epilepsy for most of his life .	She had a third sister who died 1987 .	[]
The song " Hello " from " Fallen " has been reported to have been written for her late sister , as well as the song " Like You " from " The Open Door " .	Lee wrote the songs " Hello " and " Like You " for her late sister .	[]
Lee graduated from Pulaski Academy , a private school in Little Rock , in 2000 .	Lee studied at Pulaski Academy . <SEP> She graduated from high school in 2000 .	[]
She briefly attended Middle Tennessee State University in 2000 to study music theory and composition but dropped out to focus on Evanescence .	She briefly attended Middle Tennessee State University to study music theory and composition .	[]
Yitzhak Pundak ( born Yitzhak Fundik ; June 13 , 1913 – August 27 , 2017 ) was an Israeli general , diplomat and politician .	Yitzhak Pundak , born Yitzhak Fundik ( ; 13 June 1913 – 27 August 2017 ) , was an Israeli general , diplomat and politician .	[]
Pundak was born in Krako ́ w , Poland ( then part of Austria-Hungary ) and immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine in 1933 , from Poland .	He was born in Krako ́ w , Poland . <SEP> He moved to Mandatory Palestine in 1933 .	[]
Stephen Austin Eubanks ( October 7 , 1981 – May 18 , 2019 ) was an American motivational speaker on addiction and recovery .	Stephen Austin Eubanks ( October 8 , 1981 – May 18 , 2019 ) was an American motivational speaker .	[]
He was a survivor of the Columbine High School massacre , in which his best friend , 17-year-old Corey DePooter , was killed and Eubanks was shot in his hand and knee .	He was a survivor of the Columbine High School massacre in 1999 . <SEP> He was shot in his hand and knee by shooter Dylan Klebold , and his friend Corey DePooter was murdered in the shooting .	[]
Eubanks struggled with opioid addiction after the shooting .	After the massacre , Eubanks became addicted to opioids .	[]
Eubanks married at the age of 25 but divorced four years later .	Eubanks was divorced and had two children .	[]

The F5 resulted in no fatalities , but an F4 tornado in Paris , Texas resulted in 10 fatalities and 170 injuries .

No deaths were reported from this tornado , however , an F4 tornado in Paris , Texas resulted in ten fatalities .

[]

Catherine of Valois ( 27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437 ) was the queen consort of England from 1420 until 1422 .

Catherine of Valois ( 27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437 ) was the queen of Henry V of England and the mother of Henry VI of England .

[]

Catherine of Valois was the youngest daughter of King Charles VI of France and his wife Isabeau of Bavaria .

She was the daughter of King Charles VI of France and his wife Isabelle of Bavaria .

[]

Her liaison ( and possible secret marriage ) with Owen Tudor proved the springboard of that family 's fortunes , eventually leading to their grandson 's elevation as Henry VII of England .

Catherine had a secret relationship with Owen Tudor .

[]

From the relationship of Owen Tudor and Queen Catherine descended the Tudor dynasty of England , starting with King Henry VII .

Catherine entered into a relationship with Owen Tudor of Wales .

[]

They had one daughter , Margaret , who became a nun and died young .

They had two daughters , Tacinda , who married Reginald Grey , 7th Baron Grey de Wilton and Margaret who became a nun .

[]

In May 1420 , a peace agreement was made between England and France , the Treaty of Troyes , and Charles acknowledged Henry of England as his heir .

In May 1420 , a peace treaty was made between England and France . <SEP> Charles made Henry of England his heir .

[]

Catherine went to England with her new husband and was crowned queen in Westminster Abbey on 23 February 1421 .

Catherine went to England with her new husband . <SEP> She was crowned queen in Westminster Abbey on 23 February 1421 .

[]

By this time , Catherine was several months pregnant and gave birth to a son named Henry on 6 December 1421 at Windsor .

Catherine gave birth to Prince Henry on 6 December 1421 at Windsor .

[]

During the siege of Meaux , he became sick with dysentery and died on 31 August 1422 , just before his 36th birthday .

During the siege of Meaux , Henry V had a fatal illness ( dysentery ) and died on 31 August 1422 , just before his 35th birthday .

[]

Catherine was not quite 21 and was left a queen dowager .

Catherine was not quite 21 and was left a widow and Dowager Queen of England .

[]

Charles VI died a couple of months after Henry V , making the young Henry VI king of England and English-occupied northern France .

Charles VI then died . <SEP> This made the young Henry VI king of England and English-occupied northern France .

[]

Roger Arnold " Deke " Leonard ( 18 December 1944 – 31 January 2017 ) was a Welsh rock musician , " serving a life sentence in the music business " .

Roger " Deke " Leonard ( 18 December 1944 – 31 January 2017 ) was a British rock guitarist . <SEP> Leonard died on 31 January 2017 at the age of 72 .

[]

Best known as a member of the progressive rock band Man , which he joined and left several times , and for fronting his own rock and roll band Iceberg , which he formed and disbanded several times , he was also an author , raconteur and television panelist .

He was best known a member of the bands Man and Iceberg .

[]

Leonard was born in Llanelli , South Wales .

He was born in Llanelli , south Wales .

[]

Following the formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1569 , the country over the next two centuries contained many languages , cultures and religions .

In 1569 , Poland formed a strong union with Lithuania called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth .

[]

After regaining independence in 1918 , Poland saw the rapid development of the postal system as new services were introduced including money transfers , payment of pensions , delivery of magazines , and air mail .

Poland regained its independence in 1918 after World War I.

[]

This was followed by the ' Deluge ' , a Swedish invasion of Poland , which marched through the Polish heartlands and ruined the country 's population , culture and infrastructure — around four million of Poland 's eleven million inhabitants died in famines and epidemics throughout the 17th century .

In the 17th century Sweden attacked almost all of Poland ( this was called “ the Deluge ” ) .

[]

Russia and Prussia , fearing the mere existence of a Polish state , arranged for , and in 1793 executed , the Second Partition of the Commonwealth , which left the country deprived of so much territory that it was practically incapable of independent existence .

Russia , Prussia , and Austria broke Poland into three pieces in 1772 , 1793 and 1795 , which dissolved the country .

[]

But , after the failed Napoleonic Wars , Poland was again split between the victorious powers at the Congress of Vienna of 1815 .

Napoleon made another Polish state , “ the Duchy of Warsaw ” , but after the Napoleonic wars , Poland was split again by the countries at the Congress of Vienna .

[]

The eastern part was ruled by the Russian tsar as Congress Poland , which had a liberal constitution .

The eastern part was ruled by the Russian tsar .

[]

During World War I , all the Allies agreed on the reconstitution of Poland that United States President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed in Point 13 of his Fourteen Points .

During World War I all the Allies agreed to save Poland .

[]

Shortly after the armistice with Germany in November 1918 , Poland regained its independence as the Second Polish Republic ( " II Rzeczpospolita Polska " ) .

Soon after the surrender of Germany in November 1918 , Poland became the Second Polish Republic ( " II Rzeczpospolita Polska " ) .

[]

It reaffirmed its independence after a series of military conflicts , the most notable being the Polish – Soviet War ( 1919 – 21 ) when Poland inflicted a crushing defeat on the Red Army at the Battle of Warsaw , an event which is considered to have halted the advance of Communism into Europe and forced Vladimir Lenin to rethink his objective of achieving global socialism .

It got its freedom after several military conflicts ; the largest was in 1919-1921 Polish-Soviet War .

[]

Poles then voted to join the European Union in a referendum in June 2003 , with Poland becoming a full member on 1 May 2004 .

After the democratic consolidation , Poland joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 . <SEP> Polish voters then voted to join the European Union in a vote in June 2003 .

[]

Poland is a member of the European Union , NATO , the UN , the World Trade Organization , the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , European Economic Area , International Energy Agency , Council of Europe , Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe , International Atomic Energy Agency , European Space Agency , G6 , Council of the Baltic Sea States , Visegra ́ d Group , Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement .

Poland is also a member of NATO , the United Nations , and the World Trade Organization .

[]

Most visibly , there were numerous improvements in human rights , such as freedom of speech , internet freedom ( no censorship ) , civil liberties ( 1st class ) and political rights ( 1st class ) , as ranked by Freedom House non-governmental organization .

When Communism ended in Poland there were many improvements in human rights , such as freedom of speech , democracy , etc .

[]

In 1991 , Poland became a member of the Visegra ́ d Group and joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) alliance in 1999 along with the Czech Republic and Hungary .

In 1991 Poland became a member of the Visegrad Group and joined NATO in 1999 along with the Czech Republic and Hungary .

[]

Since joining the EU in May 2004 , Poland has invested large amounts of public funds into modernization projects of its transport networks .

The country joined the EU on May 1 , 2004 .

[]

Around six million Polish citizens , including 90 % of the country 's Jews , perished in the war .

More than six million people died during the war , including 3 million Jews in the Holocaust .

[]

World War II began with the Nazi German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 , followed by the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September .

On September 1 , 1939 , World War II started when Nazi Germany attacked Poland . <SEP> The Soviet Union attacked Poland on September 17 , 1939 .

[]

On 28 September 1939 , Warsaw fell .

Warsaw was defeated on September 28 , 1939 .

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As agreed in the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact , Poland was split into two zones , one occupied by Nazi Germany , the other by the Soviet Union .

Poland was split into two pieces , one half owned by Nazi Germany , the other by the Soviet Union .

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Germany killed 3 million Polish Jews , and around 2.8 million ethnic Poles , including Polish academics , doctors , lawyers , nobility , priests and others .

More than 6 million Polish people died , and half of these people were Jewish .

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The western border became the Oder-Neisse line .

The western border was moved to the Oder-Neisse line .

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As a result , Poland 's territory was reduced by 20 % , or 77500 km2 .

The new Poland became 20 % smaller by 77,500 square kilometers ( 29,900 sq mi ) .

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The shift forced the migration of millions of other people , most of whom were Poles , Germans , Ukrainians , and Jews .

The shift forced millions of Poles , Germans , Ukrainians , and Jews to move .

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South of the Northern European Plain are the regions of Lusatia , Silesia and Masovia , which are marked by broad ice-age river valleys .

South of the northeastern region is the regions of Silesia and Masovia , which are marked by broad ice age river valleys .

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Farther south is a mountainous region , including the Sudetes , the Krako ́ w-Cze ̨ stochowa Uplands , the S ́ wie ̨ tokrzyskie Mountains , and the Carpathian Mountains , including the Beskids .

Further south is the Polish mountain region . <SEP> These mountains include the Sudetes and the Carpathian Mountains .

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The highest part of the Carpathians is the Tatra Mountains , along Poland 's southern border .

The highest part of the Carpathians is the Tatra mountains which is along Poland ’ s southern border .

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Nelson Angelo Tamsma Piquet Souto Maior ( born July 25 , 1985 ) , also known as Nelson Piquet Junior or Nelsinho Piquet , is a Brazilian stock car racing driver and former Formula One and Formula E driver where he was champion in the 2014 – 15 season , and also races a Rebellion R-One LMP1 in the FIA World Endurance Championship .

Nelson A ̂ ngelo Tamsma Piquet Souto Maior ( born 25 July 1985 in Heidelberg , West Germany ) , also known as Nelson Piquet Junior or Nelsinho Piquet , is a racing driver .

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Piquet Jr . , born in Heidelberg , West Germany , is the son of three-time Formula One world champion Nelson Piquet , one of Brazil 's most successful F1 drivers .

He is the son of three-time Formula One world champion Nelson Piquet , one of Brazil 's most successful F1 drivers .

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Piquet 's parents separated soon after he was born , and he lived in Monaco with his Dutch mother , Sylvia Tamsma , until he was eight years old , when his parents separated again .

Piquet 's parents separated soon after he was born . <SEP> He lived in Monaco with his Dutch mother , Sylvia Tamsma , until he was eight years old .

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He then moved to live in Brazil with his father .

He then moved to Brazil with his father .

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My mother wanted me to get to know my father , she wanted me to know Brazil and the language , and she realized life in Brazil would be better for a child . "

My mother wanted me to get to know my father , she wanted me to know Brazil and the language , and she realised life in Brazil would be better for a child . "

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Piquet has two sisters , Kelly and Julia , and four half-brothers , Geraldo , Laszlo , Pedro , and Marco .

Piquet has two sisters , Kelly and Julia , and four brothers , Geraldo , Laszlo , Pedro and Marco .

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He lived in Brasi ́ lia and attended the American School of Brasi ́ lia until he was 16 years old , when he decided to pursue his racing career full-time .

He lived in Brasi ́ lia and attended the American School of Brasi ́ lia . <SEP> When he was 16 years old , he decided to pursue his racing career full-time .

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In his first truck race , Piquet finished 6th , the first Brazilian driver to finish in the top ten in the series ' history .

In his first truck race , Piquet was managed to score a sixth-place effort , the first Brazilian driver to finish in the top ten in the series history .

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Piquet then announced that he would compete in three races for Billy Ballew Motorsports driving the # 15 truck .

Piquet announced that he would be competing in three races for Billy Ballew Motorsports .

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In August , he competed in the NASCAR Nationwide Series race at the Watkins Glen International road course and finished seventh in his first start in the series .

In August , he competed in the NASCAR Nationwide Series race at the Watkins Glen International road course . <SEP> He finished seventh in his first start in the series .

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In August 2009 , after Piquet left the Renault F1 team , allegations surfaced that Piquet had deliberately crashed his car at the 2008 Singapore Grand Prix , to benefit his teammate Fernando Alonso , who went on to win the race .

After Piquet left the Renault F1 team , the media started making claims about Piquet .

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At the time , Piquet characterized the crash as a simple mistake .

At the time , Piquet had said the crash as a simple mistake .

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Later , he recanted , making statements to the Fe ́ de ́ ration Internationale de l 'Automobile ( FIA ) that it was deliberate , and that he had been asked by Renault team principal Flavio Briatore and engineer Pat Symonds to stage the crash .

He said had been asked by Renault team principal Flavio Briatore and engineer Pat Symonds to stage the crash .

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In return for his evidence , Piquet was granted blanket immunity by the FIA .

In return for his statement , Piquet was given immunity by the FIA .

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On 4 September 2009 , Renault F1 principals were charged with conspiracy and race rigging , and were called to face the FIA World Motor Sport Council in Paris on 21 September 2009 .

On 4 September 2009 Renault F1 was charged with conspiracy and race fixing .

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However , on 16 September , Renault announced they would not contest the charges , and that both Briatore and Symonds had left the team .

On 16 September , Renault announced they would not contest the charges , and that Briatore and team engineer Symonds had left the team .

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Otto Carius ( 27 May 1922 – 24 January 2015 ) was a German tank commander in the army of Nazi Germany during World War II .

Otto Carius ( 27 May 1922 – 24 January 2015 ) was a German former Nazi tank commander .

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He was a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves .

He received the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves .

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He also authored a book about his wartime experiences called " Tigers in the Mud " , which was released in 1960 .

He also wrote books about his experiences during the war .

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He died on 24 January 2015 at age 92 .

He died from a short illness in Herschweiler-Pettersheim , Germany , aged 92 .

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Dean Kent Brooks ( July 26 , 1916 – May 30 , 2013 ) was an American physician and actor .

Dean Kent Brooks ( July 22 , 1916 – May 30 , 2013 ) or Dean R. Brooks was an American physician and actor .

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Dean Brooks graduated from the University of Kansas with a bachelor 's degree and the University of Kansas Medical School in Kansas City , Kansas in 1942 .

He studied at University of Kansas Medical School .

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In its purest form , it is a bright , slightly reddish yellow , dense , soft , malleable , and ductile metal .

Gold is a soft , dense , yellow metal .

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Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au ( from ) and atomic number 79 , making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally .

Its chemical symbol is Au . <SEP> Its atomic number is 79 .

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A relatively rare element , gold is a precious metal that has been used for coinage , jewelry , and other arts throughout recorded history .

As a precious metal , it has been used for many thousands of years by people all over the world , for jewelry , and as money . <SEP> Gold is important because it is rare , but also easier to use than other rare metals .

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Chemically , gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element .

In chemistry , gold is chemical element 79 , a transition metal in Group 11 .

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The symbol " Au " is from the , the Latin word for " gold " .

It has an atomic weight of 199.966 a.m.u. Its symbol is Au , from the Latin word for gold , " aurum " .

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Biljana Plavs ̌ ic ́ ( ; born 7 July 1930 ) is a former president of Republika Srpska who was indicted in 2001 by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) for war crimes committed during the Bosnian War .

Biljana Plavs ̌ ic ́ ( ; born 7 July 1930 ) is a Serbian politician . <SEP> She President of Republika Srpska who was indicted in 2001 by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY ) for war crimes committed during the Bosnian War .

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She plea-bargained with the ICTY and was sentenced to 11 years in prison in 2003 , to be served in a Swedish prison .

She plea-bargained with the ICTY and was sentenced to 11 years in prison in 2003 .

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Gustave Courbet was born in 1819 to Re ́ gis and Sylvie Oudot Courbet in Ornans ( department of Doubs ) .

Courbet was born in 1819 , and was the son of Re ́ gis and Sylvie Oudot Courbet in Ornans , Doubs .

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Courbet went to Paris in 1839 and worked at the studio of Steuben and Hesse .

When Courbet was twenty he went to Paris in 1839 , and worked at the studio of two other painters , Steuben and Hesse .

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Among his paintings of the early 1840s are several self-portraits , Romantic in conception , in which the artist portrayed himself in various roles .

He painted several self-portraits at this time .

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After moving to Paris he often returned home to Ornans to hunt , fish and find inspiration .

He often returned home to Ornans to hunt , fish and find inspiration in the countryside and country life .

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Courbet painted figurative compositions , landscapes , seascapes , and still lifes .

Courbet painted a large picture of everday-life at Ornans . <SEP> Like the Dutch painters he admired , Courbet often painted in broad , rough brush strokes .

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The work , reminiscent of Chardin and Le Nain , earned Courbet a gold medal and was purchased by the state .

It won a Gold Medal and was bought by the French Government .

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The gold medal meant that his works would no longer require jury approval for exhibition at the Salon — an exemption Courbet enjoyed until 1857 ( when the rule changed ) .

Because of the gold medal , Courbet could hang his pictures at the Salon Exhibitions without having them checked by a jury first . <SEP> This rule was changed in 1857 .

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His work , along with that of Honore ́ Daumier and Jean-Franc ̧ ois Millet , became known as " Realism " .

Courbet 's work , and the work of Honore ́ Daumier and Jean-Franc ̧ ois Millet , became known as " Realism " .

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In 1855 , Courbet submitted fourteen paintings for exhibition at the " Exposition Universelle " .

In 1855 Coubet took this picture , with " Burial at Ornan " and twelve other paintings to be shown in a big international exhibition in Paris called " Exposition Universelle " .

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He displayed forty of his paintings , including " The Artist 's Studio " , in his own gallery called " The Pavilion of Realism " ( Pavillon du Re ́ alisme ) which was a temporary structure that he erected next door to the official Salon-like " Exposition Universelle " .

He had his own building put up , and showed forty of his paintings .

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Courbet was admired by many younger artists .

Many other artists praised Courbet , but some people laughed at him , and the public did not buy very many of his pictures . <SEP> Because of what he had done , younger artists heard about him and admired him .

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In the Salon of 1857 Courbet showed six paintings .

In 1857 Courbet showed six pictures in the Salon exhibition .

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These included " Young Ladies on the Banks of the Seine ( Summer ) " , depicting two prostitutes under a tree , as well as the first of many hunting scenes Courbet was to paint during the remainder of his life : " Hind at Bay in the Snow " and " The Quarry " .

For the rest of his life , Courbet painted erotic pictures like the picture of the prostitutes , and also many more hunting scenes .

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This culminated in " The Origin of the World ( L 'Origine du monde ) " ( 1866 ) , which depicts female genitalia and was not publicly exhibited until 1988 , and " Sleep " ( 1866 ) , featuring two women in bed .

This painting was not shown in a public exhibition until 1988 .

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Lee has cited influences ranging from composers such as Mozart and Danny Elfman , to artists like Bjo ̈ rk , Tori Amos , Plumb and Shirley Manson .

Lee is musically influenced by musicians and artists of different genres , from classical artists such as Mozart to modern artists like Bjo ̈ rk , Portishead , Danny Elfman , Korn and Tori Amos . <SEP> She cites Bjo ̈ rk as a big influence .

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Lee received the Songwriter Icon Award from the National Music Publishers Association in 2008 .

Lee is the main lyricist and composer in the band and won the National Music Publisher 's Association 's Songwriter Icon Award in 2008 for her achievements as a songwriter .

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Lee is also the American chairperson for the international epilepsy awareness foundation " Out of the Shadows " .

Lee is the spokesperson of the Epilepsy Foundation .

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In 2012 , she won Best Vocalist at the " Revolver " Golden Gods Awards and was also named Rock Goddess of the Year at the " Loudwire " Music Awards .

She won the 2012 Revolver 's Golden Gods award for best vocalist , and was named the 2012 " Rock Goddess of the Year " in the Loudwire Music Awards .

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Amy Lee was born in Riverside , California , to parents John Lee , a disc jockey and television personality , and Sara Cargill .

Lee was born in Riverside , California . <SEP> Her parents were John Lee , a disc jockey , and Sara Lee ( ne ́ e Cargill ) .

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Lee 's family moved to many places , including West Palm Beach , Florida , and Rockford , Illinois , and eventually settled in Little Rock , Arkansas , where Evanescence was formed .

Her family moved to many places .

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She has two sisters , Carrie and Lori .

She has two sisters , Carrie and Lori , and one brother , Robby .

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Lee had a younger sister who died in 1987 at the age of three from an unidentified illness and a brother named Robby who died in 2018 after struggling with severe epilepsy for most of his life .

She had a third sister who died 1987 .

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The song " Hello " from " Fallen " has been reported to have been written for her late sister , as well as the song " Like You " from " The Open Door " .

Lee wrote the songs " Hello " and " Like You " for her late sister .

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Lee graduated from Pulaski Academy , a private school in Little Rock , in 2000 .

Lee studied at Pulaski Academy . <SEP> She graduated from high school in 2000 .

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She briefly attended Middle Tennessee State University in 2000 to study music theory and composition but dropped out to focus on Evanescence .

She briefly attended Middle Tennessee State University to study music theory and composition .

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Yitzhak Pundak ( born Yitzhak Fundik ; June 13 , 1913 – August 27 , 2017 ) was an Israeli general , diplomat and politician .

Yitzhak Pundak , born Yitzhak Fundik ( ; 13 June 1913 – 27 August 2017 ) , was an Israeli general , diplomat and politician .

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Pundak was born in Krako ́ w , Poland ( then part of Austria-Hungary ) and immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine in 1933 , from Poland .

He was born in Krako ́ w , Poland . <SEP> He moved to Mandatory Palestine in 1933 .

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Stephen Austin Eubanks ( October 7 , 1981 – May 18 , 2019 ) was an American motivational speaker on addiction and recovery .

Stephen Austin Eubanks ( October 8 , 1981 – May 18 , 2019 ) was an American motivational speaker .

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He was a survivor of the Columbine High School massacre , in which his best friend , 17-year-old Corey DePooter , was killed and Eubanks was shot in his hand and knee .

He was a survivor of the Columbine High School massacre in 1999 . <SEP> He was shot in his hand and knee by shooter Dylan Klebold , and his friend Corey DePooter was murdered in the shooting .

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Eubanks struggled with opioid addiction after the shooting .

After the massacre , Eubanks became addicted to opioids .

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Eubanks married at the age of 25 but divorced four years later .

Eubanks was divorced and had two children .

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