bayes-group-diffusion/wiki_auto · Datasets at Hugging Face

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A brick is building material used to make walls , pavements and other elements in masonry construction .	A brick is a man-made building material used to make walls and make places to walk . <SEP> Masons build brick walls .	[]
Bricks can be joined together using mortar , adhesives or by interlocking them .	They join bricks together using mortar .	[]
Bricks are laid in " courses " and numerous patterns known as " bonds " , collectively known as brickwork , and may be laid in various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together to make a durable structure .	Bricks can be assembled into many different patterns .	[]
The oldest discovered bricks , originally made from shaped mud and dating before 7500 BC , were found at Tell Aswad , in the upper Tigris region and in southeast Anatolia close to Diyarbakir .	The oldest shaped bricks found date back to 7500 B.C. <SEP> They have been found in C ̧ ayo ̈ nu ̈ , a place located in the upper Tigris area in south east Anatolia close to Diyarbakir .	[]
Fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials , sometimes referred to as artificial stone , and have been used since circa 4000 BC .	Fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials .	[]
Ceramic , or " fired brick " was used as early as 3000 BC in early Indus Valley cities like Kalibangan .	They have been used since about 3000 BC in early Indus Valley cities .	[]
On 14 June 2017 , a fire broke out in the 24-storey Grenfell Tower block of flats in North Kensington , West London just before 1:00amBST ; it caused 72 deaths , including those of two victims who later died in hospital .	The Grenfell Tower fire started shortly before 1am BST on 14 June 2017 in a tall building or tower block , Grenfell Tower , in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , West London , England . <SEP> In the early hours of 14 June , 2017 , a fire broke out in the building , which caused massive damage to nearly all of the building .	[]
Over the course of the operation , 250 firefighters from 70 fire engines attempted to control the blaze , with more than 100 firefighters inside the building at a given time .	In total , 70 fire engines , and more than 200 firefighters were trying to put out the fire . <SEP> A team of 250 firefighters from forty fire engines attempted to control the fire and rescue people .	[]
The fire caused 72 deaths , including one who died in hospital a day later and another who died in January 2018 .	About 72 people died in the fire .	[]
The fire started in the early hours of Wednesday 14 June 2017 at around 00:50 BST ( UTC + 1 ) , when a fridge-freezer caught fire in Flat 16 , on the 4th floor .	The fire started around 00:50 BST ( UTC + 1 ) , when a fridge caught fire in flat 16 on 4th floor .	[]
By 01:30 , a rising column of flames had reached the roof and the fire was out of control .	The flames spread up the side at a " terrifying rate " , By 01:29 , a rising column of flames had reached the roof and the fire was out of control .	[]
At 04:14 , police addressed the large crowd of onlookers and urgently instructed them to contact anyone they knew who was trapped in the building — if they are able to reach them via phone or Twitter — to tell them they must try to self-evacuate and not wait for the fire brigade .	At 04:14 , officials from the Metropolitan Police addressed the large crowd of onlookers and urgently told them to contact anyone they knew who was trapped in the building — if they are able to reach them via phone or social media — to tell them they must try to self-evacuate and not wait for the fire brigade .	[]
Witnesses reported seeing people trapped inside the burning building , switching the lights in their flats on and off or waving from windows to attract help , some holding children .	According to witnesses , there were people trapped inside , waving from windows for help , some holding children .	[]
Eyewitnesses reported seeing some people jumping out , and four victims were later found to have died from " injuries consistent with falling from a height " .	There were also eyewitness reports that some people were jumping out .	[]
Due to Ramadan , many observing Muslim residents were awake for the pre-dawn meal of suhur , which enabled them to alert neighbours and help them to escape .	Because of Ramadan , many were awake at the late hour .	[]
By sunrise , the firefighters were still busy fighting the fire and attempting rescues on the inside .	By sunrise , the firefighters were still battling the fire and trying to spray areas where people were seen trapped .	[]
The fire continued to burn on the tower 's upper floors .	The fire continued to burn on the tower 's upper floors into the afternoon of 14 June .	[]
It was not until the following afternoon that structural engineers were able to assess the structure and determine that it was not in danger of collapse .	Although fears were expressed that the building could collapse , structural engineers determined that it was not in danger and that rescue teams could enter it to search for survivors , casualties and bodies .	[]
According to US-based Arconic , the polyethylene version of the material is banned in the United States for use in buildings exceeding 40 ft in height , because of the risk of spreading fire and smoke .	According to the US-based manufacturer of Reynobond , the polyethylene version of the material is banned in the United States for use in buildings exceeding 40 ft in height , because of the risk of spreading fire and smoke .	[]
According to its datasheet , the polyisocyanurate ( PIR ) product — charred pieces of which littered the area around Grenfell Tower after the fire — " will burn if exposed to a fire of sufficient heat and intensity " .	According to its datasheet , the polyisocyanurate product — charred pieces of which littered the area around Grenfell Tower after the fire — " will burn if exposed to a fire of sufficient heat and intensity " .	[]
There is concern over fire safety issues with many other buildings .	People are concerned that the affected buildings may face the same problems . <SEP> There is widespread concern amongst residents and fire safety experts about the increasing use of timber , even in high-rise buildings , following a change to building regulations .	[]
The United States Chess Federation ( also known as US Chess or USCF ) is the governing body for chess competition in the United States and represents the U.S. in FIDE , the World Chess Federation .	The United States Chess Federation ( USCF ) is the national chess federation in the United States . <SEP> It is the U.S. member of FIDE .	[]
USCF was founded and incorporated in Illinois in 1939 , from the merger of two older chess organizations .	It was established in 1939 , and at present It based in Crossville , Tennessee .	[]
USCF organizes or sanctions various national championships .	USCF organizes or sanctions over 20 national championships .	[]
Its membership as of 2018 is over 85,000 .	Its membership is about 80,000 .	[]
Geoffrey Roy Rush ( born 6 July 1951 ) is an Australian actor .	Geoffrey Roy Rush ( born 6 July 1951 ) is an Australian actor who has won the Academy and Emmy awards , as well as several others .	[]
He has won one Academy Award ( of four nominations ) , three British Academy Film Awards ( of five nominations ) , two Golden Globe Awards ( of six nominations ) , and four Screen Actors Guild Awards ( of nine nominations ) .	He has won one Academy Award for acting ( from four nominations ) , three British Academy Film Awards ( from five nominations ) , two Golden Globe Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards .	[]
Rush is the founding president of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts and was named the 2012 Australian of the Year .	He is the foundation President of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts and was named the 2012 Australian of the Year .	[]
Rush was born in Toowoomba , Queensland , the son of Merle ( Bischof ) , a department store sales assistant , and Roy Baden Rush , an accountant for the Royal Australian Air Force .	Rush was born on 6 July 1951 in Toowoomba , Queensland . <SEP> Rush was raised in Brisbane .	[]
Before he began his acting career , Rush attended Everton Park State High School , and graduated from the University of Queensland with a bachelor 's degree in Arts .	He studied at Everton Park State High School and at University of Queensland .	[]
These are well developed in ground beetles , and produce noxious or even caustic secretions used to deter would-be predators .	They defend themselves with noxious secretions . <SEP> These are well developed , and produce noxious or even caustic secretions used to deter would-be predators .	[]
Typical for the ancient beetle suborder Adephaga to which they belong , they have paired pygidial glands in the lower back of the abdomen .	This is typical for the ancient beetle suborder Adephaga to which they belong . <SEP> They have paired glands in the lower back of the abdomen .	[]
In some , commonly known as bombardier beetles , these secretions are mixed with volatile compounds and ejected by a small combustion , producing a loud popping sound and a cloud of hot and acrid gas which can injure small mammals , such as shrews , and is liable to kill invertebrate predators outright .	In bombardier beetles these secretions are mixed with volatile compounds and ejected by a small combustion with a loud popping sound and a cloud of hot and acrid gas . <SEP> This can injure small mammals , such as shrews , and may kill invertebrate predators outright .	[]
This ability has evolved independently twice as it seems – in the flanged bombardier beetles ( Paussinae ) which are among the most ancient ground beetles , and in the typical bombardier beetles ( Brachininae ) which are part of a more " modern " lineage .	This ability has evolved twice – in the flanged bombardier beetles ( Paussinae ) which are among the most ancient ground beetles , as well as in the typical bombardier beetles ( Brachininae ) which are part of a more " modern " lineage .	[]
The Anthiini , though , can mechanically squirt their defensive secretions for considerable distances and are able to aim with a startling degree of accuracy ; in Afrikaans , they are known as " " ( " eye-pissers " ) .	The Anthiini can squirt their defensive secretions for considerable distances and are able to aim with a startling degree of accuracy ; in Afrikaans they are known as " " ( " eye-pissers " ) .	[]
A " Cychrus rostratus " once squirted into my eye & gave me extreme pain ; & I must tell you what happened to me on the banks of the Cam in my early entomological days ; under a piece of bark I found two carabi ( I forget which ) & caught one in each hand , when lo & behold I saw a sacred " Panagæus crux major " ; I could not bear to give up either of my Carabi , & to lose " Panagæus " was out of the question , so that in despair I gently seized one of the carabi between my teeth , when to my unspeakable disgust & pain the little inconsiderate beast squirted his acid down my throat & I lost both Carabi & " Panagæus " !	He discussed this in a letter : " A " Cychrus rostratus " once squirted into my eye & gave me extreme pain ; & I must tell you what happened to me on the banks of the Cam in my early entomological days ; under a piece of bark I found two carabi ( I forget which ) & caught one in each hand , when lo & behold I saw a sacred " Panagaeus cruxmajor " ; I could not bear to give up either of my Carabi , & to lose " Panagæus " was out of the question , so that in despair I gently seized one of the carabi between my teeth , when to my unspeakable disgust & pain the little inconsiderate beast squirted his acid down my throat & I lost both Carabi & " Panagæus " ! "	[]
Common habitats are under the bark of trees , under logs , or among rocks or sand by the edge of ponds and rivers .	Ground beetles often live under the bark of trees , under logs , or among rocks or sand by the edge of ponds and rivers .	[]
Some run swiftly to catch their prey ; tiger beetles ( Cicindelinae ) can sustain speeds of 9 km / h – in relation to their body length they are among the fastest land animals on Earth .	Some run fast to catch their prey ; tiger beetles ( Cicindelinae ) are certainly fast runners in comparison to their length .	[]
Unlike most Carabidae which are nocturnal , the tiger beetles are active diurnal hunters and often brightly coloured ; they have large eyes and hunt by sight .	Unlike most Carabidae , which are nocturnal , the tiger beetles are active daytime hunters and often brightly coloured . <SEP> They have large eyes and hunt by sight .	[]
Ground beetles of the species " Promecognathus laevissimus " are specialised predators of the cyanide millipede " Harpaphe haydeniana " , countering the hydrogen cyanide which makes these millipedes poisonous to most carnivores .	Ground beetles of the species " Promecognathus laevissimus " are specialised predators of the cyanide millipede " Harpaphe haydeniana " . <SEP> They can counter the hydrogen cyanide which makes these millipedes poisonous to most carnivores .	[]
Jeju Island ( Korean : ; Hanja : ; ] ) is an island in the Jeju Province of South Korea .	Jeju-do ( Korean for " Jeju Province " ) is the largest island in South Korea .	[]
The island formed by volcanic eruptions approximately 2 million years ago , during the Cenozoic era .	The island was created as a result of a volcanic eruption .	[]
The island contains the natural world heritage site , Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes .	The Natural World Heritage Site Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes is also on the island .	[]
James Scott Brady ( August 29 , 1940 – August 4 , 2014 ) was an assistant to the U.S. President and the fifteenth White House Press Secretary under President Ronald Reagan .	James Scott " Jim " Brady ( August 29 , 1940 – August 4 , 2014 ) was an American journalist , politician , and activist . <SEP> He was an assistant to the President and White House Press Secretary under U.S. President Ronald Reagan .	[]
After Reagan took office , Brady became White House Press Secretary .	Brady became Ronald Reagan 's White House Press Secretary in 1981 . <SEP> Brady was nearly killed a few weeks after becoming Press Secretary .	[]
On March 30 , 1981 , 69 days into his presidency , Ronald Reagan and his cabinet members , including Brady , were leaving the Washington Hilton Hotel when a gunman opened fire .	On March 30 , 1981 John Hinckley tried to assassination President Reagan with a gun .	[]
In 1981 , Brady became permanently disabled from a gunshot wound during the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan .	Brady was shot in the head and became disabled .	[]
Pure physics is a branch of fundamental science ( also called " basic " science ) .	Physics is a branch of science .	[]
Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines , and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves .	It is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines . <SEP> The main goal of physics is to explain how things move in space and time and understand how the universe behaves .	[]
Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and , through its inclusion of astronomy , perhaps " the " oldest .	Astronomy , a part of physics , is the oldest natural science . <SEP> Sciences also tend to become more quantitative with time as they become more highly developed , and physics is one of the oldest sciences .	[]
Over much of the past two millennia , physics , chemistry , biology , and certain branches of mathematics , were a part of natural philosophy , but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right .	In the past it was a part of ' natural philosophy ' with other fields of science , such as chemistry and biology . <SEP> During the scientific revolution , these fields became separate , and physics became a distinct field of knowledge .	[]
Early civilizations dating back before 3000 BCE , such as the Sumerians , ancient Egyptians , and the Indus Valley Civilisation , had a predictive knowledge and a basic understanding of the motions of the Sun , Moon , and stars .	The Sumerians , and Ancient Egyptians studied the stars , mostly with a view to prediction and religion .	[]
While the explanations for the observed positions of the stars were often unscientific and lacking in evidence , these early observations laid the foundation for later astronomy , as the stars were found to traverse great circles across the sky , which however did not explain the positions of the planets .	Their understanding was not scientific , but their observations influenced later astronomy .	[]
According to Asger Aaboe , the origins of Western astronomy can be found in Mesopotamia , and all Western efforts in the exact sciences are descended from late Babylonian astronomy .	Much astronomy came from Mesopotamia , Babylonia , Ancient Egypt , and Ancient Greece .	[]
Egyptian astronomers left monuments showing knowledge of the constellations and the motions of the celestial bodies , while Greek poet Homer wrote of various celestial objects in his " Iliad " and " Odyssey " ; later Greek astronomers provided names , which are still used today , for most constellations visible from the Northern Hemisphere .	Astronomers from Egypt built monuments that showed how objects in the sky moved , and most of the names for the constellations in the Northern hemisphere came from Greek astronomers .	[]
Physics became a separate science when early modern Europeans used experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are now considered to be the laws of physics .	Physics became a separate field of study after the scientific revolution .	[]
Physicists use the scientific method to test the validity of a physical theory .	Physics uses the scientific method .	[]
Physics uses mathematics to organise and formulate experimental results .	Most of the theories in physics use mathematics to express their principles .	[]
Loosely speaking , the laws of classical physics accurately describe systems whose important length scales are greater than the atomic scale and whose motions are much slower than the speed of light .	The laws of classical physics are good enough to study objects that move much slower than the speed of light , and are not microscopic .	[]
Modern physics began in the early 20th century with the work of Max Planck in quantum theory and Albert Einstein 's theory of relativity .	When scientists first studied quantum mechanics , they had to create a new set of laws , which was the start of modern physics .	[]
For example , mathematical physics is the application of mathematics in physics .	For example , theoretical physicists use mathematics and numerical analysis and statistics and probability and computer software in their work .	[]
Experimental physics expands , and is expanded by , engineering and technology .	Experimental physics , engineering and technology are related .	[]
Experimental physicists involved in basic research design and perform experiments with equipment such as particle accelerators and lasers , whereas those involved in applied research often work in industry developing technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) and transistors .	Experiments often need specialized tools such as particle accelerators , lasers , and important industrial applications such as transistors and magnetic resonance imaging have come from applied research .	[]
The white wagtail ( " Motacilla alba " ) is a small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae , which also includes pipits and longclaws .	The white wagtail ( " Motacilla alba " ) is a species of bird .	[]
The population size is between 130 and 230 million .	They have a stable population of between 130 million and 300 million adult birds .	[]
Climate change may be affecting the time of their migration .	It is possible that climate change is affecting their migration .	[]
It burns with a green flame and is an oxidizer ; the compound is commonly used in pyrotechnics .	It releases a green flame when burned .	[]
Like all soluble barium compounds , barium nitrate is toxic by ingestion or inhalation .	Barium nitrate is very toxic .	[]
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( BSSR , or Byelorussian SSR ; ; or ) , also commonly referred to in English as Byelorussia , was a federal unit of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) .	The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was one of fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) .	[]
In 1922 , the BSSR was one of the four founding members of the Soviet Union , together with the Ukrainian SSR , the Transcaucasian SFSR , and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ) .	In 1922 , it was one of the four founding members of the Soviet Union . <SEP> The other three were the Ukrainian SSR , the Transcaucasian SFSR and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ) .	[]
The Soviet Union was dissolved four months and one day later on 26 December 1991 .	The end of the Soviet Republic occurred in 1991 .	[]
The republic was renamed the Republic of Belarus on 19 September 1991 .	The country renamed itself as the Republic of Belarus .	[]
I were a Norwegian black metal supergroup formed in 2006 .	I are a Norwegian heavy metal supergroup .	[]
The band features Immortal members Abbath and Armagedda , Gorgoroth bassist TC King , and Enslaved 's Ice Dale .	The band was formed in 2006 by Abbath Doom Occulta and Armagedda of Immortal , TC King of Gorgoroth and Ice Dale of Enslaved .	[]
The band 's debut album , " Between Two Worlds " , was released on November 3 , 2006 in the United Kingdom and November 14 , 2006 in the United States through Nuclear Blast Records .	They released their debut album , " Between Two Worlds " , on 2006 November 3 in the United Kingdom and on November 14 , 2006 in North America .	[]
Heihachi Mishima and his son , Kazuya , are awoken to a squadron bursting through the walls .	The oldest Mishima , Heihachi , enters the Honmaru to find his son defeated and asleep .	[]
At first , the two battle the Jacks together until Kazuya leaves Heihachi for dead while escaping .	Heihachi and Jin begin to fight .	[]
Heihachi 's death is declared all over the world with everyone foreseeing the end of the Mishima Zaibatsu .	After hearing of Heihachi 's death , people though that it would bring the end of the Mishima Zaibatsu .	[]
Two months later , the King of Iron Fist Tournament 5 is announced .	However , an unknown person had taken control , and a month later Mishima Zaibatsu announced the opening of The King of Iron Fist Tournament 5 . <SEP> A few months later , the King of Iron Fist Tournament 5 is announced .	[]
Megalosaurus ( meaning " Great Lizard " , from Greek με ́ γας , " megas " , meaning ' big ' , ' tall ' or ' great ' and σαυ ͂ ρος , " sauros " , meaning ' lizard ' ) is an extinct genus of large meat-eating theropod dinosaurs of the Middle Jurassic period ( Bathonian stage , 166 million years ago ) of Southern England .	Megalosaurus was a large meat-eating theropod dinosaur of the Middle Jurassic of Europe .	[]
A year later , in 1827 , Gideon Mantell included " Megalosaurus " in his geological survey of southeastern England , and assigned the species its current valid binomial name , " Megalosaurus bucklandii " .	In 1827 , Gideon Mantell included " Megalosaurus " in his geological survey of southeastern England .	[]
The first naturalists who investigated " Megalosaurus " mistook it for a gigantic lizard of twenty metres length .	The first naturalists who investigated Megalosaurus thought it was a gigantic lizard of twenty metres length .	[]
In 1842 , Owen concluded that it was no longer than nine metres , standing on upright legs .	In 1842 Richard Owen concluded that it was no longer than nine metres , standing on upright legs as a quadruped .	[]
30 Doradus has at its centre the star cluster NGC 2070 which includes the compact concentration of stars known as R136 that produces most of the energy that makes the nebula visible .	30 Doradus has at its centre the star cluster NGC 2070 which includes the group of stars known as R136 . <SEP> This group puts out most of the energy that makes the nebula visible .	[]
The estimated mass of the cluster is 450,000 solar masses , suggesting it will likely become a globular cluster in the future .	The estimated mass of the cluster is 450,000 solar masses . <SEP> It may become a globular cluster in the future .	[]
In addition to NGC 2070 , the Tarantula Nebula contains a number of other star clusters including the much older Hodge 301 .	In addition to NGC 2070 , the Tarantula nebula has other star clusters , including the much older Hodge 301 .	[]
There is a prominent supernova remnant enclosing the open cluster NGC 2060 , but the remnants of many other supernovae are difficult to detect in the complex nebulosity .	The remnants of many other supernovae are difficult to detect in the complex nebulosity .	[]
He capped 20 times for USSR , playing the 1970 FIFA World Cup .	He played 20 times for USSR , playing the 1970 FIFA World Cup .	[]
Vitaliy Hryhorovych Khmelnytskyi ( ; 12 June 1943 – 13 February 2019 ) was a Ukrainian associated football player and coach .	Khmelnytskyi died on 13 February 2019 in Kyiv at the age of 75 .	[]
The giraffe and the okapi have characteristic long necks and long legs .	Both animals have long necks and legs and long blue tongues .	[]
Male giraffes are the tallest of all mammals , their horns reach 5.5 m above the ground and their shoulder 3.3 m , whereas the okapi has a shoulder height of 1.7 m .	Giraffes are the tallest animal living on land , with a height of over 5 m . Okapis are smaller , only up to 2 m tall .	[]
Fort Sumter is a sea fort in Charleston , South Carolina , notable for two battles of the American Civil War .	Fort Sumter is a island fortification in Charleston , South Carolina .	[]
On Friday , April 12 , 1861 , at 4:30 a.m. , Confederate batteries opened fire , firing for 34 straight hours , on the fort .	On April 12 , 1861 , Confederate artillery opened fire on the fort .	[]
Work started in 1829 , but was incomplete by 1860 , when South Carolina seceded from the Union .	In 1860 the fort was about 90 % complete when work stopped after South Carolina seceded from the Union .	[]
The next morning , the same man comes to her telling her that they had dueled : Mr. Belfield has been a little hurt , but Sir Robert Floyer unhurt .	The next morning , Cecelia is told that Mr. Belfield is a little injured , but Sir Floyer is well .	[]
Cecilia finds out that he is the white domino she saw at the masquerade party , and also that he is proud Mr. Delvile 's son !	Cecilia finds out that the white domino she saw at the masquerade party is Mortimer , Mr. Delvile ’ s son .	[]
Soon after , she meets Mrs. Delvile , and is delighted to see that she is a kind , witty , and refreshingly elegant lady , and begins to think of staying with them , instead of with the Harrels .	Soon after , she meets Mrs. Delvile , who she likes . <SEP> Now she wants to stay with them , instead of with the Harrels .	[]
However , she is annoyed to find that Mortimer Delvile ( the white domino ) first thinks that she is in love with Mr. Belfield , and then seems to think that she is engaged with Sir Robert Floyer .	But , she discovers that Mortimer thinks that she is in love with Mr. Belfield .	[]
Indeed , Sir Robert Floyer has asked her to marry him , and though she firmly refused him , Mr. Harrel told everyone ( including Mr. Delvile ) that they will be married soon .	Or perhaps , that she is engaged to Sir Floyer , who has asked her to marry him . <SEP> Even though she has refused him , Mr. Harrel tells everyone they will be married soon .	[]
Later , she meets Mr. Albany again , who introduces her to a pretty young girl , saying to Cecilia that she should help her .	Later , she meets Mr. Albany again , who introduces her to Belfield 's sister , Henrietta , and asks Cecilia to help her .	[]

A brick is building material used to make walls , pavements and other elements in masonry construction .

A brick is a man-made building material used to make walls and make places to walk . <SEP> Masons build brick walls .

[]

Bricks can be joined together using mortar , adhesives or by interlocking them .

They join bricks together using mortar .

[]

Bricks are laid in " courses " and numerous patterns known as " bonds " , collectively known as brickwork , and may be laid in various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together to make a durable structure .

Bricks can be assembled into many different patterns .

[]

The oldest discovered bricks , originally made from shaped mud and dating before 7500 BC , were found at Tell Aswad , in the upper Tigris region and in southeast Anatolia close to Diyarbakir .

The oldest shaped bricks found date back to 7500 B.C. <SEP> They have been found in C ̧ ayo ̈ nu ̈ , a place located in the upper Tigris area in south east Anatolia close to Diyarbakir .

[]

Fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials , sometimes referred to as artificial stone , and have been used since circa 4000 BC .

Fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials .

[]

Ceramic , or " fired brick " was used as early as 3000 BC in early Indus Valley cities like Kalibangan .

They have been used since about 3000 BC in early Indus Valley cities .

[]

On 14 June 2017 , a fire broke out in the 24-storey Grenfell Tower block of flats in North Kensington , West London just before 1:00amBST ; it caused 72 deaths , including those of two victims who later died in hospital .

The Grenfell Tower fire started shortly before 1am BST on 14 June 2017 in a tall building or tower block , Grenfell Tower , in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , West London , England . <SEP> In the early hours of 14 June , 2017 , a fire broke out in the building , which caused massive damage to nearly all of the building .

[]

Over the course of the operation , 250 firefighters from 70 fire engines attempted to control the blaze , with more than 100 firefighters inside the building at a given time .

In total , 70 fire engines , and more than 200 firefighters were trying to put out the fire . <SEP> A team of 250 firefighters from forty fire engines attempted to control the fire and rescue people .

[]

The fire caused 72 deaths , including one who died in hospital a day later and another who died in January 2018 .

About 72 people died in the fire .

[]

The fire started in the early hours of Wednesday 14 June 2017 at around 00:50 BST ( UTC + 1 ) , when a fridge-freezer caught fire in Flat 16 , on the 4th floor .

The fire started around 00:50 BST ( UTC + 1 ) , when a fridge caught fire in flat 16 on 4th floor .

[]

By 01:30 , a rising column of flames had reached the roof and the fire was out of control .

The flames spread up the side at a " terrifying rate " , By 01:29 , a rising column of flames had reached the roof and the fire was out of control .

[]

At 04:14 , police addressed the large crowd of onlookers and urgently instructed them to contact anyone they knew who was trapped in the building — if they are able to reach them via phone or Twitter — to tell them they must try to self-evacuate and not wait for the fire brigade .

At 04:14 , officials from the Metropolitan Police addressed the large crowd of onlookers and urgently told them to contact anyone they knew who was trapped in the building — if they are able to reach them via phone or social media — to tell them they must try to self-evacuate and not wait for the fire brigade .

[]

Witnesses reported seeing people trapped inside the burning building , switching the lights in their flats on and off or waving from windows to attract help , some holding children .

According to witnesses , there were people trapped inside , waving from windows for help , some holding children .

[]

Eyewitnesses reported seeing some people jumping out , and four victims were later found to have died from " injuries consistent with falling from a height " .

There were also eyewitness reports that some people were jumping out .

[]

Due to Ramadan , many observing Muslim residents were awake for the pre-dawn meal of suhur , which enabled them to alert neighbours and help them to escape .

Because of Ramadan , many were awake at the late hour .

[]

By sunrise , the firefighters were still busy fighting the fire and attempting rescues on the inside .

By sunrise , the firefighters were still battling the fire and trying to spray areas where people were seen trapped .

[]

The fire continued to burn on the tower 's upper floors .

The fire continued to burn on the tower 's upper floors into the afternoon of 14 June .

[]

It was not until the following afternoon that structural engineers were able to assess the structure and determine that it was not in danger of collapse .

Although fears were expressed that the building could collapse , structural engineers determined that it was not in danger and that rescue teams could enter it to search for survivors , casualties and bodies .

[]

According to US-based Arconic , the polyethylene version of the material is banned in the United States for use in buildings exceeding 40 ft in height , because of the risk of spreading fire and smoke .

According to the US-based manufacturer of Reynobond , the polyethylene version of the material is banned in the United States for use in buildings exceeding 40 ft in height , because of the risk of spreading fire and smoke .

[]

According to its datasheet , the polyisocyanurate ( PIR ) product — charred pieces of which littered the area around Grenfell Tower after the fire — " will burn if exposed to a fire of sufficient heat and intensity " .

According to its datasheet , the polyisocyanurate product — charred pieces of which littered the area around Grenfell Tower after the fire — " will burn if exposed to a fire of sufficient heat and intensity " .

[]

There is concern over fire safety issues with many other buildings .

People are concerned that the affected buildings may face the same problems . <SEP> There is widespread concern amongst residents and fire safety experts about the increasing use of timber , even in high-rise buildings , following a change to building regulations .

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The United States Chess Federation ( also known as US Chess or USCF ) is the governing body for chess competition in the United States and represents the U.S. in FIDE , the World Chess Federation .

The United States Chess Federation ( USCF ) is the national chess federation in the United States . <SEP> It is the U.S. member of FIDE .

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USCF was founded and incorporated in Illinois in 1939 , from the merger of two older chess organizations .

It was established in 1939 , and at present It based in Crossville , Tennessee .

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USCF organizes or sanctions various national championships .

USCF organizes or sanctions over 20 national championships .

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Its membership as of 2018 is over 85,000 .

Its membership is about 80,000 .

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Geoffrey Roy Rush ( born 6 July 1951 ) is an Australian actor .

Geoffrey Roy Rush ( born 6 July 1951 ) is an Australian actor who has won the Academy and Emmy awards , as well as several others .

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He has won one Academy Award ( of four nominations ) , three British Academy Film Awards ( of five nominations ) , two Golden Globe Awards ( of six nominations ) , and four Screen Actors Guild Awards ( of nine nominations ) .

He has won one Academy Award for acting ( from four nominations ) , three British Academy Film Awards ( from five nominations ) , two Golden Globe Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards .

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Rush is the founding president of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts and was named the 2012 Australian of the Year .

He is the foundation President of the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts and was named the 2012 Australian of the Year .

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Rush was born in Toowoomba , Queensland , the son of Merle ( Bischof ) , a department store sales assistant , and Roy Baden Rush , an accountant for the Royal Australian Air Force .

Rush was born on 6 July 1951 in Toowoomba , Queensland . <SEP> Rush was raised in Brisbane .

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Before he began his acting career , Rush attended Everton Park State High School , and graduated from the University of Queensland with a bachelor 's degree in Arts .

He studied at Everton Park State High School and at University of Queensland .

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These are well developed in ground beetles , and produce noxious or even caustic secretions used to deter would-be predators .

They defend themselves with noxious secretions . <SEP> These are well developed , and produce noxious or even caustic secretions used to deter would-be predators .

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Typical for the ancient beetle suborder Adephaga to which they belong , they have paired pygidial glands in the lower back of the abdomen .

This is typical for the ancient beetle suborder Adephaga to which they belong . <SEP> They have paired glands in the lower back of the abdomen .

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In some , commonly known as bombardier beetles , these secretions are mixed with volatile compounds and ejected by a small combustion , producing a loud popping sound and a cloud of hot and acrid gas which can injure small mammals , such as shrews , and is liable to kill invertebrate predators outright .

In bombardier beetles these secretions are mixed with volatile compounds and ejected by a small combustion with a loud popping sound and a cloud of hot and acrid gas . <SEP> This can injure small mammals , such as shrews , and may kill invertebrate predators outright .

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This ability has evolved independently twice as it seems – in the flanged bombardier beetles ( Paussinae ) which are among the most ancient ground beetles , and in the typical bombardier beetles ( Brachininae ) which are part of a more " modern " lineage .

This ability has evolved twice – in the flanged bombardier beetles ( Paussinae ) which are among the most ancient ground beetles , as well as in the typical bombardier beetles ( Brachininae ) which are part of a more " modern " lineage .

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The Anthiini , though , can mechanically squirt their defensive secretions for considerable distances and are able to aim with a startling degree of accuracy ; in Afrikaans , they are known as " " ( " eye-pissers " ) .

The Anthiini can squirt their defensive secretions for considerable distances and are able to aim with a startling degree of accuracy ; in Afrikaans they are known as " " ( " eye-pissers " ) .

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A " Cychrus rostratus " once squirted into my eye & gave me extreme pain ; & I must tell you what happened to me on the banks of the Cam in my early entomological days ; under a piece of bark I found two carabi ( I forget which ) & caught one in each hand , when lo & behold I saw a sacred " Panagæus crux major " ; I could not bear to give up either of my Carabi , & to lose " Panagæus " was out of the question , so that in despair I gently seized one of the carabi between my teeth , when to my unspeakable disgust & pain the little inconsiderate beast squirted his acid down my throat & I lost both Carabi & " Panagæus " !

He discussed this in a letter : " A " Cychrus rostratus " once squirted into my eye & gave me extreme pain ; & I must tell you what happened to me on the banks of the Cam in my early entomological days ; under a piece of bark I found two carabi ( I forget which ) & caught one in each hand , when lo & behold I saw a sacred " Panagaeus cruxmajor " ; I could not bear to give up either of my Carabi , & to lose " Panagæus " was out of the question , so that in despair I gently seized one of the carabi between my teeth , when to my unspeakable disgust & pain the little inconsiderate beast squirted his acid down my throat & I lost both Carabi & " Panagæus " ! "

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Common habitats are under the bark of trees , under logs , or among rocks or sand by the edge of ponds and rivers .

Ground beetles often live under the bark of trees , under logs , or among rocks or sand by the edge of ponds and rivers .

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Some run swiftly to catch their prey ; tiger beetles ( Cicindelinae ) can sustain speeds of 9 km / h – in relation to their body length they are among the fastest land animals on Earth .

Some run fast to catch their prey ; tiger beetles ( Cicindelinae ) are certainly fast runners in comparison to their length .

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Unlike most Carabidae which are nocturnal , the tiger beetles are active diurnal hunters and often brightly coloured ; they have large eyes and hunt by sight .

Unlike most Carabidae , which are nocturnal , the tiger beetles are active daytime hunters and often brightly coloured . <SEP> They have large eyes and hunt by sight .

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Ground beetles of the species " Promecognathus laevissimus " are specialised predators of the cyanide millipede " Harpaphe haydeniana " , countering the hydrogen cyanide which makes these millipedes poisonous to most carnivores .

Ground beetles of the species " Promecognathus laevissimus " are specialised predators of the cyanide millipede " Harpaphe haydeniana " . <SEP> They can counter the hydrogen cyanide which makes these millipedes poisonous to most carnivores .

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Jeju Island ( Korean : ; Hanja : ; ] ) is an island in the Jeju Province of South Korea .

Jeju-do ( Korean for " Jeju Province " ) is the largest island in South Korea .

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The island formed by volcanic eruptions approximately 2 million years ago , during the Cenozoic era .

The island was created as a result of a volcanic eruption .

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The island contains the natural world heritage site , Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes .

The Natural World Heritage Site Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes is also on the island .

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James Scott Brady ( August 29 , 1940 – August 4 , 2014 ) was an assistant to the U.S. President and the fifteenth White House Press Secretary under President Ronald Reagan .

James Scott " Jim " Brady ( August 29 , 1940 – August 4 , 2014 ) was an American journalist , politician , and activist . <SEP> He was an assistant to the President and White House Press Secretary under U.S. President Ronald Reagan .

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After Reagan took office , Brady became White House Press Secretary .

Brady became Ronald Reagan 's White House Press Secretary in 1981 . <SEP> Brady was nearly killed a few weeks after becoming Press Secretary .

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On March 30 , 1981 , 69 days into his presidency , Ronald Reagan and his cabinet members , including Brady , were leaving the Washington Hilton Hotel when a gunman opened fire .

On March 30 , 1981 John Hinckley tried to assassination President Reagan with a gun .

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In 1981 , Brady became permanently disabled from a gunshot wound during the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan .

Brady was shot in the head and became disabled .

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Pure physics is a branch of fundamental science ( also called " basic " science ) .

Physics is a branch of science .

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Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines , and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves .

It is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines . <SEP> The main goal of physics is to explain how things move in space and time and understand how the universe behaves .

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Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and , through its inclusion of astronomy , perhaps " the " oldest .

Astronomy , a part of physics , is the oldest natural science . <SEP> Sciences also tend to become more quantitative with time as they become more highly developed , and physics is one of the oldest sciences .

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Over much of the past two millennia , physics , chemistry , biology , and certain branches of mathematics , were a part of natural philosophy , but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right .

In the past it was a part of ' natural philosophy ' with other fields of science , such as chemistry and biology . <SEP> During the scientific revolution , these fields became separate , and physics became a distinct field of knowledge .

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Early civilizations dating back before 3000 BCE , such as the Sumerians , ancient Egyptians , and the Indus Valley Civilisation , had a predictive knowledge and a basic understanding of the motions of the Sun , Moon , and stars .

The Sumerians , and Ancient Egyptians studied the stars , mostly with a view to prediction and religion .

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While the explanations for the observed positions of the stars were often unscientific and lacking in evidence , these early observations laid the foundation for later astronomy , as the stars were found to traverse great circles across the sky , which however did not explain the positions of the planets .

Their understanding was not scientific , but their observations influenced later astronomy .

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According to Asger Aaboe , the origins of Western astronomy can be found in Mesopotamia , and all Western efforts in the exact sciences are descended from late Babylonian astronomy .

Much astronomy came from Mesopotamia , Babylonia , Ancient Egypt , and Ancient Greece .

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Egyptian astronomers left monuments showing knowledge of the constellations and the motions of the celestial bodies , while Greek poet Homer wrote of various celestial objects in his " Iliad " and " Odyssey " ; later Greek astronomers provided names , which are still used today , for most constellations visible from the Northern Hemisphere .

Astronomers from Egypt built monuments that showed how objects in the sky moved , and most of the names for the constellations in the Northern hemisphere came from Greek astronomers .

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Physics became a separate science when early modern Europeans used experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are now considered to be the laws of physics .

Physics became a separate field of study after the scientific revolution .

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Physicists use the scientific method to test the validity of a physical theory .

Physics uses the scientific method .

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Physics uses mathematics to organise and formulate experimental results .

Most of the theories in physics use mathematics to express their principles .

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Loosely speaking , the laws of classical physics accurately describe systems whose important length scales are greater than the atomic scale and whose motions are much slower than the speed of light .

The laws of classical physics are good enough to study objects that move much slower than the speed of light , and are not microscopic .

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Modern physics began in the early 20th century with the work of Max Planck in quantum theory and Albert Einstein 's theory of relativity .

When scientists first studied quantum mechanics , they had to create a new set of laws , which was the start of modern physics .

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For example , mathematical physics is the application of mathematics in physics .

For example , theoretical physicists use mathematics and numerical analysis and statistics and probability and computer software in their work .

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Experimental physics expands , and is expanded by , engineering and technology .

Experimental physics , engineering and technology are related .

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Experimental physicists involved in basic research design and perform experiments with equipment such as particle accelerators and lasers , whereas those involved in applied research often work in industry developing technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) and transistors .

Experiments often need specialized tools such as particle accelerators , lasers , and important industrial applications such as transistors and magnetic resonance imaging have come from applied research .

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The white wagtail ( " Motacilla alba " ) is a small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae , which also includes pipits and longclaws .

The white wagtail ( " Motacilla alba " ) is a species of bird .

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The population size is between 130 and 230 million .

They have a stable population of between 130 million and 300 million adult birds .

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Climate change may be affecting the time of their migration .

It is possible that climate change is affecting their migration .

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It burns with a green flame and is an oxidizer ; the compound is commonly used in pyrotechnics .

It releases a green flame when burned .

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Like all soluble barium compounds , barium nitrate is toxic by ingestion or inhalation .

Barium nitrate is very toxic .

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The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( BSSR , or Byelorussian SSR ; ; or ) , also commonly referred to in English as Byelorussia , was a federal unit of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) .

The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was one of fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) .

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In 1922 , the BSSR was one of the four founding members of the Soviet Union , together with the Ukrainian SSR , the Transcaucasian SFSR , and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ) .

In 1922 , it was one of the four founding members of the Soviet Union . <SEP> The other three were the Ukrainian SSR , the Transcaucasian SFSR and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ) .

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The Soviet Union was dissolved four months and one day later on 26 December 1991 .

The end of the Soviet Republic occurred in 1991 .

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The republic was renamed the Republic of Belarus on 19 September 1991 .

The country renamed itself as the Republic of Belarus .

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I were a Norwegian black metal supergroup formed in 2006 .

I are a Norwegian heavy metal supergroup .

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The band features Immortal members Abbath and Armagedda , Gorgoroth bassist TC King , and Enslaved 's Ice Dale .

The band was formed in 2006 by Abbath Doom Occulta and Armagedda of Immortal , TC King of Gorgoroth and Ice Dale of Enslaved .

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The band 's debut album , " Between Two Worlds " , was released on November 3 , 2006 in the United Kingdom and November 14 , 2006 in the United States through Nuclear Blast Records .

They released their debut album , " Between Two Worlds " , on 2006 November 3 in the United Kingdom and on November 14 , 2006 in North America .

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Heihachi Mishima and his son , Kazuya , are awoken to a squadron bursting through the walls .

The oldest Mishima , Heihachi , enters the Honmaru to find his son defeated and asleep .

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At first , the two battle the Jacks together until Kazuya leaves Heihachi for dead while escaping .

Heihachi and Jin begin to fight .

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Heihachi 's death is declared all over the world with everyone foreseeing the end of the Mishima Zaibatsu .

After hearing of Heihachi 's death , people though that it would bring the end of the Mishima Zaibatsu .

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Two months later , the King of Iron Fist Tournament 5 is announced .

However , an unknown person had taken control , and a month later Mishima Zaibatsu announced the opening of The King of Iron Fist Tournament 5 . <SEP> A few months later , the King of Iron Fist Tournament 5 is announced .

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Megalosaurus ( meaning " Great Lizard " , from Greek με ́ γας , " megas " , meaning ' big ' , ' tall ' or ' great ' and σαυ ͂ ρος , " sauros " , meaning ' lizard ' ) is an extinct genus of large meat-eating theropod dinosaurs of the Middle Jurassic period ( Bathonian stage , 166 million years ago ) of Southern England .

Megalosaurus was a large meat-eating theropod dinosaur of the Middle Jurassic of Europe .

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A year later , in 1827 , Gideon Mantell included " Megalosaurus " in his geological survey of southeastern England , and assigned the species its current valid binomial name , " Megalosaurus bucklandii " .

In 1827 , Gideon Mantell included " Megalosaurus " in his geological survey of southeastern England .

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The first naturalists who investigated " Megalosaurus " mistook it for a gigantic lizard of twenty metres length .

The first naturalists who investigated Megalosaurus thought it was a gigantic lizard of twenty metres length .

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In 1842 , Owen concluded that it was no longer than nine metres , standing on upright legs .

In 1842 Richard Owen concluded that it was no longer than nine metres , standing on upright legs as a quadruped .

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30 Doradus has at its centre the star cluster NGC 2070 which includes the compact concentration of stars known as R136 that produces most of the energy that makes the nebula visible .

30 Doradus has at its centre the star cluster NGC 2070 which includes the group of stars known as R136 . <SEP> This group puts out most of the energy that makes the nebula visible .

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The estimated mass of the cluster is 450,000 solar masses , suggesting it will likely become a globular cluster in the future .

The estimated mass of the cluster is 450,000 solar masses . <SEP> It may become a globular cluster in the future .

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In addition to NGC 2070 , the Tarantula Nebula contains a number of other star clusters including the much older Hodge 301 .

In addition to NGC 2070 , the Tarantula nebula has other star clusters , including the much older Hodge 301 .

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There is a prominent supernova remnant enclosing the open cluster NGC 2060 , but the remnants of many other supernovae are difficult to detect in the complex nebulosity .

The remnants of many other supernovae are difficult to detect in the complex nebulosity .

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He capped 20 times for USSR , playing the 1970 FIFA World Cup .

He played 20 times for USSR , playing the 1970 FIFA World Cup .

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Vitaliy Hryhorovych Khmelnytskyi ( ; 12 June 1943 – 13 February 2019 ) was a Ukrainian associated football player and coach .

Khmelnytskyi died on 13 February 2019 in Kyiv at the age of 75 .

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The giraffe and the okapi have characteristic long necks and long legs .

Both animals have long necks and legs and long blue tongues .

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Male giraffes are the tallest of all mammals , their horns reach 5.5 m above the ground and their shoulder 3.3 m , whereas the okapi has a shoulder height of 1.7 m .

Giraffes are the tallest animal living on land , with a height of over 5 m . Okapis are smaller , only up to 2 m tall .

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Fort Sumter is a sea fort in Charleston , South Carolina , notable for two battles of the American Civil War .

Fort Sumter is a island fortification in Charleston , South Carolina .

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On Friday , April 12 , 1861 , at 4:30 a.m. , Confederate batteries opened fire , firing for 34 straight hours , on the fort .

On April 12 , 1861 , Confederate artillery opened fire on the fort .

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Work started in 1829 , but was incomplete by 1860 , when South Carolina seceded from the Union .

In 1860 the fort was about 90 % complete when work stopped after South Carolina seceded from the Union .

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The next morning , the same man comes to her telling her that they had dueled : Mr. Belfield has been a little hurt , but Sir Robert Floyer unhurt .

The next morning , Cecelia is told that Mr. Belfield is a little injured , but Sir Floyer is well .

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Cecilia finds out that he is the white domino she saw at the masquerade party , and also that he is proud Mr. Delvile 's son !

Cecilia finds out that the white domino she saw at the masquerade party is Mortimer , Mr. Delvile ’ s son .

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Soon after , she meets Mrs. Delvile , and is delighted to see that she is a kind , witty , and refreshingly elegant lady , and begins to think of staying with them , instead of with the Harrels .

Soon after , she meets Mrs. Delvile , who she likes . <SEP> Now she wants to stay with them , instead of with the Harrels .

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However , she is annoyed to find that Mortimer Delvile ( the white domino ) first thinks that she is in love with Mr. Belfield , and then seems to think that she is engaged with Sir Robert Floyer .

But , she discovers that Mortimer thinks that she is in love with Mr. Belfield .

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Indeed , Sir Robert Floyer has asked her to marry him , and though she firmly refused him , Mr. Harrel told everyone ( including Mr. Delvile ) that they will be married soon .

Or perhaps , that she is engaged to Sir Floyer , who has asked her to marry him . <SEP> Even though she has refused him , Mr. Harrel tells everyone they will be married soon .

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Later , she meets Mr. Albany again , who introduces her to a pretty young girl , saying to Cecilia that she should help her .

Later , she meets Mr. Albany again , who introduces her to Belfield 's sister , Henrietta , and asks Cecilia to help her .

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