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What is the first name of Bottom, in ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’? | SparkNotes: A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Character List
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
William Shakespeare
Plot Overview
Analysis of Major Characters
Puck - Also known as Robin Goodfellow, Puck is Oberon’s jester, a mischievous fairy who delights in playing pranks on mortals. Though A Midsummer Night’s Dream divides its action between several groups of characters, Puck is the closest thing the play has to a protagonist. His enchanting, mischievous spirit pervades the atmosphere, and his antics are responsible for many of the complications that propel the other main plots: he mistakes the young Athenians, applying the love potion to Lysander instead of Demetrius, thereby causing chaos within the group of young lovers; he also transforms Bottom’s head into that of an ass.
Read an in-depth analysis of Puck.
Oberon - The king of the fairies, Oberon is initially at odds with his wife, Titania, because she refuses to relinquish control of a young Indian prince whom he wants for a knight. Oberon’s desire for revenge on Titania leads him to send Puck to obtain the love-potion flower that creates so much of the play’s confusion and farce.
Titania - The beautiful queen of the fairies, Titania resists the attempts of her husband, Oberon, to make a knight of the young Indian prince that she has been given. Titania’s brief, potion-induced love for Nick Bottom, whose head Puck has transformed into that of an ass, yields the play’s foremost example of the contrast motif.
Lysander - A young man of Athens, in love with Hermia. Lysander’s relationship with Hermia invokes the theme of love’s difficulty: he cannot marry her openly because Egeus, her father, wishes her to wed Demetrius; when Lysander and Hermia run away into the forest, Lysander becomes the victim of misapplied magic and wakes up in love with Helena.
Demetrius - A young man of Athens, initially in love with Hermia and ultimately in love with Helena. Demetrius’s obstinate pursuit of Hermia throws love out of balance among the quartet of Athenian youths and precludes a symmetrical two-couple arrangement.
Hermia - Egeus’s daughter, a young woman of Athens. Hermia is in love with Lysander and is a childhood friend of Helena. As a result of the fairies’ mischief with Oberon’s love potion, both Lysander and Demetrius suddenly fall in love with Helena. Self-conscious about her short stature, Hermia suspects that Helena has wooed the men with her height. By morning, however, Puck has sorted matters out with the love potion, and Lysander’s love for Hermia is restored.
Helena - A young woman of Athens, in love with Demetrius. Demetrius and Helena were once betrothed, but when Demetrius met Helena’s friend Hermia, he fell in love with her and abandoned Helena. Lacking confidence in her looks, Helena thinks that Demetrius and Lysander are mocking her when the fairies’ mischief causes them to fall in love with her.
Read an in-depth analysis of Helena.
Egeus - Hermia’s father, who brings a complaint against his daughter to Theseus: Egeus has given Demetrius permission to marry Hermia, but Hermia, in love with Lysander, refuses to marry Demetrius. Egeus’s severe insistence that Hermia either respect his wishes or be held accountable to Athenian law places him squarely outside the whimsical dream realm of the forest.
Theseus - The heroic duke of Athens, engaged to Hippolyta. Theseus represents power and order throughout the play. He appears only at the beginning and end of the story, removed from the dreamlike events of the forest.
Hippolyta - The legendary queen of the Amazons, engaged to Theseus. Like Theseus, she symbolizes order.
Nick Bottom - The overconfident weaver chosen to play Pyramus in the craftsmen’s play for Theseus’s marriage celebration. Bottom is full of advice and self-confidence but frequently makes silly mistakes and misuses language. His simultaneous nonchalance about the beautiful Titania’s sudden love for him and unawareness of the fact that Puck has transformed his head into that of an ass mark the pinnacle of his foolish arrogance.
Read an in-depth analysis of Nick Bottom.
Peter Quince - A carpenter and the nominal leader of the craftsmen’s attempt to put on a play for Theseus’s marriage celebration. Quince is often shoved aside by the abundantly confident Bottom. During the craftsmen’s play, Quince plays the Prologue.
Francis Flute - The bellows-mender chosen to play Thisbe in the craftsmen’s play for Theseus’s marriage celebration. Forced to play a young girl in love, the bearded craftsman determines to speak his lines in a high, squeaky voice.
Robin Starveling - The tailor chosen to play Thisbe’s mother in the craftsmen’s play for Theseus’s marriage celebration. He ends up playing the part of Moonshine.
Tom Snout - The tinker chosen to play Pyramus’s father in the craftsmen’s play for Theseus’s marriage celebration. He ends up playing the part of Wall, dividing the two lovers.
Snug - The joiner chosen to play the lion in the craftsmen’s play for Theseus’s marriage celebration. Snug worries that his roaring will frighten the ladies in the audience.
Philostrate - Theseus’s Master of the Revels, responsible for organizing the entertainment for the duke’s marriage celebration.
Peaseblossom, Cobweb, Mote, and Mustardseed - The fairies ordered by Titania to attend to Bottom after she falls in love with him.
| Nick |
In one of Terry Gilliam’s animations, which part of Conrad Poohs’ anatomy could dance? | No Fear Shakespeare: A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Act 1, Scene 2
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Original Text
Modern Text
Enter QUINCE the carpenter, and SNUG the joiner, and BOTTOM the weaver, and FLUTE the bellows-mender, and SNOUT the tinker, and STARVELING the tailor
QUINCE, the carpenter, enters with SNUG, the cabinetmaker; BOTTOM, the weaver; FLUTE, the bellows-repairman; SNOUT, the handyman; and STARVELING, the tailor.
QUINCE
Is all our company here?
QUINCE
You were best to call them generally, man by man, according to the scrip.
BOTTOM
generally, one person at a time, in the order in which their names appear on this piece of paper.
QUINCE
Here is the scroll of every man’s name which is thought fit, through all Athens, to play in our interlude before the duke and the duchess, on his wedding day at night.
QUINCE
This is a list of the names of all the men in Athens who are good enough to act in the play we’re going to perform for the duke and duchess on their wedding night.
BOTTOM
First, good Peter Quince, say what the play treats on, then read the names of the actors, and so grow to a point.
BOTTOM
First, Peter Quince, tell us what the play is about, then read the names of the actors, and then shut up.
5
QUINCE
Marry, our play is The most lamentable comedy and most cruel death of Pyramus and Thisbe.
QUINCE
All right. Our play is called A Very Tragic Comedy About the Horrible Deaths of Pyramus and Thisbe.
BOTTOM
A very good piece of work, I assure you, and a merry.—Now, good Peter Quince, call forth your actors by the scroll.—Masters, spread yourselves.
BOTTOM
Let me tell you, it’s a great piece of work, and very—funny.—Now, Peter Quince, call the names of the actors on the list. Men, gather around him.
QUINCE
Answer as I call you.—Nick Bottom, the weaver?
QUINCE
Answer when I call your name.—Nick Bottom, the weaver?
BOTTOM
Ready. Name what part I am for and proceed.
BOTTOM
Here. Tell me which part I’m going to play, then go on.
QUINCE
You, Nick Bottom, are set down for Pyramus.
QUINCE
| i don't know |
In London on August 26th, which pop singer performed live for the first time in 35 years? | Kate Bush wows fans at first London comeback gig - ITV News
26 August 2014 at 11:32pm
Kate Bush wows fans at first London comeback gig
Singer Kate Bush returned to the stage last night, with celebrity fans among those tweeting their delight from her first live show in 35 years.
Bush kicks off a 22-show run at the Hammersmith Apollo in west London tonight.
'Amazing' Kate Bush performs first show in 35 years
Kate Bush performed the first of her 22 sold out dates at London's Hammersmith Apollo - her first concerts in 35 years.
The singer whose private persona is well renowned, asked ask concert goers not to post videos or pictures of her online.
ITV News Correspondent Neil Connery reports from the venue - where fans said the singer "hasn't lost anything at all" in all the years.
Kate Bush photographed on her live comeback at London's Hammersmith Apollo.
Credit: Murray Chalmers PR
Celebrity fans of Kate Bush have tweeted their delight following her first live show in 35 years.
Among those in the audience were Soft Cell's Marc Almond, columnist Caitlin Moran and radio presenter Lauren Laverne.
Stars of stage and screen, including pop star Lily Allen and talk show host Frank Skinner attended Kate Bush's first concert in 35 years at the Hammersmith Apollo.
Pop star Lily Allen went to Kate Bush's first concert for 35 years.
Credit: Itv News
Holly Johnson of Frankie Goes to Hollywood at the Hammersmith Apollo.
Credit: ITV News
Talk show host Frank Skinner arrives at the Kate Bush concert.
Credit: ITV News
Kate Bush was greeted by a huge roar as she took to the stage 35 years after her one and only tour.
Kate Bush fans celebrate outside the Hammersmith Apollo.
Credit: PA
Dressed in black the singer led a procession of backing singers on stage and launched into the song, Lily.
Bush was kicking off her Before The Dawn "tour", the first of 22 shows at the Hammersmith Apollo in west London.
Tickets for Kate Bush's first concerts in 35-years are changing hands for up to £1,000 on auction websites.
The Hammersmith Apollo where Kate Bush will perform 22 shows.
Credit: PA
Tickets for the 56-year-old's comeback 22-show run at the Hammersmith Apollo sold out in less than 15 minutes, but demand far outweighed the number available.
On one auction site, one seller offering two tickets for £2,000 wrote: "Two good friends were going to fly in to see this but they've had to cancel their trip and we are looking to recoup their expenses for them."
Others for later dates were slightly cheaper with prices ranging from around £150 to £800.
"Spare ticket due to a series of unfortunate events! Seating, great view," another user wrote.
However, the original buyer’s name will appear on passes and photo ID will be required on the door. Some of the sellers offered to walk in with the buyers.
Original tickets went on sale in March priced at £49, £59, £75, £95 and £135 plus booking fees, depending on where fans wanted to sit.
Kate Bush has seen a huge spike in album sales as she prepares to return to the stage for the first time in 35 years, according to the Official Charts Company.
Kate Bush has experienced a spike in album sales ahead of her new shows.
Credit: PA
They said that 11 of her albums had appeared in the midweek sales flash for the Top 100 as interest in the reclusive singer's comeback increases.
On their website they said: "Her retrospective The Whole Story, which originally hit Number 1 upon its release in 1986, is currently Number 8 on the tally (a sales lift of 536% from the previous week), followed by 1985’s Hounds Of Love at Number 14."
They added: "Elsewhere, her 2011 LP 50 Words For Snow and her 1978 debut The Kick Inside are at 32 and 33 respectively, and 1989’s The Sensual World is up 52 places at Number 41."
| Kate Bush |
In 1968, in which city was Malcolm Nash hit for six sixes in an over by Gary Sobers? | Kate Bush comeback greeted with huge cheers - BBC News
BBC News
Kate Bush comeback greeted with huge cheers
By Tim Masters Arts and entertainment correspondent, BBC News
27 August 2014
Close share panel
Media captionGemma Arterton and Anna Calvi gave BBC Newsnight their take on Kate Bush's comeback concert
Kate Bush has made her stage comeback to an ecstatic response from fans at her first live concert for 35 years.
Bush received a standing ovation as she closed the show with Cloudbusting, from her 1985 hit album The Hounds of Love.
The 56-year-old British star was appearing at London's Hammersmith Apollo - the scene of her last live show in 1979.
Tuesday's three-hour set kicked off a run of 22 shows, titled Before the Dawn, which sold out in minutes.
Afterwards, she thanked fans for their "warm and positive response".
Backed by seven musicians, Bush opened the show with Lily, from the 1993 album Red Shoes.
There was a huge roar from the crowd as Bush appeared on stage - barefoot and dressed in black - leading her five backing singers.
Image copyright Rex Features
Image caption Bush came on stage at 19:45 BST as scheduled to open her Before the Dawn show
Image copyright Rex Features
Image caption She played six conventional numbers before a theatrical performance involving lasers and video
"It's so good to be here - thank you so much," she told the cheering crowd.
She later introduced one of the backing chorus as her teenage son Bertie who, the star said, had given her the "courage" to return to the stage.
The first half of the show included the 1985 single Running Up That Hill and, from the same Hounds of Love album, the song suite The Ninth Wave - which combined video, theatre and dance to tell the story of a woman lost at sea.
After an interval, the second act was dominated by songs from Bush's 2005 album Aerial.
Media captionKate Bush is appearing in her first live show in 35 years
Undoubtedly the most ambitious, and genuinely moving, piece of theatrical pop ever seen on a British stage
Andy Gill, The Independent music critic
There were no songs from Bush's first four albums, which meant fans did not get to hear early classics such as Wuthering Heights, The Man with the Child in his Eyes or Babooshka.
But fans did not seem to mind.
Julie Beynon, from Glasgow, told the BBC: "That was really surprising. I noticed she played a lot from Aerial which I didn't have a problem with. I think it might reference the fact she was much happier in that period of her life. It felt quite joyous and celebratory."
She added: "I'm not disappointed - I thought it was stunning comeback. To me it was like musical theatre but with Kate Bush songs. It was a a weird hybrid of different styles, and completely innovative."
Elizabeth Hobson, from Enfield, said: "She does what she wants to do. We might have liked to hear some of the songs we love from a while back - but hopefully everybody's going to be really nice about it and we might see some more of her at a later date."
Media captionFans outside the Hammersmith Apollo said the concert was worth the wait
The audience also largely resisted taking photos or video, as the singer had requested.
Bush said on her website last week: "I very much want to have contact with you as an audience, not with iPhones, iPads or cameras."
'Butterflies'
Fans of the singer showed up early on Tuesday to begin queuing for the show.
Richie Cairns from Southampton said: "I'm almost nervous myself. I've got butterflies. It's something I never thought I'd have an opportunity to see - and it's my birthday.
"I don't mind what she does. I'd have happily sat there for two hours while she played the piano as beautifully as she does. People say we want to hear the hits but I'm not fussed to be honest. I just want to see and hear her after all this time."
Media captionAs Colin Paterson discovered, some fans have travelled thousands of miles to attend the concert
Belinda from London turned up looking for a ticket while others had placards begging for a spare.
She said: "I should have been in here in '78 but I was only 12 then, so I'm hoping to see it tonight. I'd pay £150 or £200."
Awarded a CBE for her services to music last year, Bush is one of UK music's most important and distinctive artists.
Theories about her long absence from the stage have included her fear of flying and the death of one of the tour crew during a warm-up show for The Tour of Life.
In an interview with Mojo magazine in 2011, Bush admitted that tour had been tiring - even for a 20-year-old.
"It was enormously enjoyable. But physically it was absolutely exhausting," she said.
| i don't know |
Which British general captured Quebec in 1759, but lost his life in the battle? | Battle of Quebec 1759
Museums
Battle of Quebec 1759
Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War: click here to buy this picture
The previous battle of the French and Indian War is the Capture of Louisburg
Major-General James Wolfe: Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War: click here to buy this picture
Battle: Quebec
War: The French and Indian War also known as the Seven Year War (1757 – 1762)
Date: 13th September 1759
Combatants: British and Americans against the French and Canadians
Generals: Major General James Wolfe against the Marquis de Montcalm
Size of the Armies: The British Army besieging Quebec was around 8,000 troops. The force Major General Wolfe took onto the Plains of Abraham for the battle was around 4,500 men and 1 gun. The Marquis de Montcalm brought to the battle a force of around 5,000 men and 3 guns.
Marquis de Montcalm French commander at the Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War: picture by Richard Caton Woodville: click here to buy this picture
British Regiments:
15th Foot later the East Yorkshire Regiment and now the Prince of Wales’s Own Regiment of Yorkshire *
22nd Foot now the Cheshire Regiment (only the grenadier and light companies)
28th Foot later the Gloucestershire Regiment and now the Royal Gloucestershire, Berkshire and Wiltshire Regiment *
35th Foot later the Royal Sussex Regiment and now the Princess of Wales’s Own Royal Regiment *
40th Foot later the South Lancashire Regiment and now the Queen’s Lancashire Regiment (only the grenadier and light companies)
43rd Foot later the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry and now the Royal Green Jackets *
45th Foot later the Sherwood Foresters and now the Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment
47th Foot later the North Lancashire Regiment and now the Queen’s Lancashire Regiment *
48th Foot later the Northamptonshire Regiment and now the Royal Anglian Regiment *
58th Foot later the Northamptonshire Regiment and now the Royal Anglian Regiment *
60th Foot later the King’s Royal Rifle Corps and now the Royal Green Jackets *
Fraser’s Highlanders, disbanded at the end of the war.
The Louisburg Grenadiers, the Light Infantry and 6 companies of American rangers.
* These regiments have Quebec as a battle honour.
General Wolfe and his troops climbing the Heights of Abraham at the Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War: picture by Richard Caton Woodville
Uniforms, arms and equipment:
The British Foot wore red coats falling to the knee with the skirts, lapels and cuffs turned back to reveal a wide expanse of the lining of the regiment’s colour. The coat was embroidered with the regiment’s distinctive lace pattern. The lining colour was part of a regiment’s character so that the 3rd Foot was known as the “Buffs” and the 19th Foot as “the Green Howard’s” from their lining colours. The main headwear for the foot was the black tricorne hat, a wide brimmed hat with the brim turned up and fastened to form three angles.
The grenadiers wore a mitre cap with an embroidered front of the regimental facing colour. This was the standard form of uniform. However on arrival in America the soldiers quickly adapted their dress. Coats were cut back or abandoned. Many took to wearing hunting shirts and leggings. Hats were adapted and mutilated. It is unlikely that the grenadiers retained their inconvenient mitres for long. The new light companies in particular adopted local dress.
Each soldier carried a musket, 24 rounds of ammunition carried in a pouch slung from a shoulder belt, a short sword and a bayonet that he fixed to the muzzle of his musket. In America the sword was quickly abandoned as useless.
The city of Quebec lies on the north bank of the St Lawrence to the West of the St Charles river. Montcalm established his army along the north shore of the St Lawrence between the St Charles and Montmorency rivers building fortifications along the St Lawrence bank. The city was strongly fortified and ships added to the defences.
French fire ships off Quebec: Battle of Quebec September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War
The British and American force arrived and established itself on the Isle of Orleans downstream from Quebec in late June 1759. Monckton’s brigade took post on the southern bank of the river opposite the city and began to bombard it. The other two brigades occupied the banks of the Montmorency.
Major-General James Wolfe: Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War
The musket of the period was a cumbersome and inaccurate weapon. Each round of ammunition comprised a charge of gunpowder and a lead ball wrapped in “cartridge paper”. When ordered to load the soldier took a cartridge and ripped it open, often with his teeth. He poured sufficient powder into the pan of the firing mechanism to fill it. He poured the main portion of powder down the barrel, folded the paper and pushed it into the barrel and dropped the ball on top. He used the ramrod carried under the barrel of the musket to push the whole charge to the bottom of the barrel next to the hole leading to the firing pan.
He then cocked the firing mechanism which comprised a hammer holding a wedge of flint and the weapon was ready to fire. Pulling the trigger caused the flint held by the hammer to strike against the pan lid, flicking it open as it did so. The spark from the flint ignited the powder in the pan which fired the charge in the barrel. With a significant number of shots the musket would fail to fire, particularly in wet weather.
If the musket did fire it gave out a gout of flame and smoke with the discharged ball and if the target was large and within 50 yards it might be hit. An experienced user of the musket might be able to load and fire three or four times in a minute.
After ten rounds or so the musket began to foul from the powder residue and loading became slower and more difficult. The soldier would use a “picker” to keep the hole from the pan through the barrel clear. After each shot he would blow down the barrel. Sparks from each shot might fly into his eye or onto his hair. His face and hands would become blackened with soot.
Officers carried short pikes and swords. In America they too quickly adapted their equipment and dress to local usage. Pikes were abandoned and many officers carried muskets and pistols.
The French foot wore similar uniforms to the British but of white. They also quickly adapted their dress to local conditions. The French musket fired a smaller ball than the English.
The Rangers and Militia wore whatever they chose. In addition to their muskets these troops being largely hunters carried tomahawks, knives and other implements.
Map of the Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War: map by John Fawkes
Account:
Following the capture of Louisburg in 1758, Wolfe took sick leave in England. In February 1759 he returned to America to command the attack on the St Lawrence and Quebec. The British force assembled at Louisburg as three brigades under Monckton, Townsend and Murray. The grenadier companies were formed into one battalion and other picked men into a battalion of Light Infantry.
British landing barge: Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War
In the first week of June 1759 the force set sail for the St Lawrence. The French had been expecting attacks from Lake Ontario in the West and Lake Champlain in the South and the descent on the St Lawrence took them by surprise. Montcalm assembled five regular French battalions, militia and a thousand Indians to Quebec.
On 31st July 1759 Wolfe attempted an attack on Montcalm’s riverside fortifications. The disorganised assault was repulsed with heavy loss. The grenadiers and 60th losing around 500 casualties.
Over the following weeks British ships managed to pass the batteries into the area of the river above the city. This move prevented supplies from reaching the French garrison and population. On his recovery Wolfe determined to attempt a landing on the steep northern bank of the St Lawrence to the West of the city.
On the night of 4th September 1759 the troops encamped on the Montmorency were disembarked. On 12th September Wolfe was informed that French supply ships were expected to venture down the St Lawrence that night. A feint attack was made on Montcalm’s fortifications east of the city to draw French troops away from the proposed landing site.
General Wolfe and his troops climbing the Heights of Abraham at the Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War: picture by Richard Caton Woodville: click here to buy this picture
That night Wolfe’s flotilla rowed from the West down the river to the Anse du Foulon, the point Wolfe had chosen for the landing on the north bank. A French sentry challenged the boats but was answered by a highland officer in French. The force landed and scaled the cliff. By dawn 4,500 British and American troops were assembled on the cliff top.
The situation of this British force was precarious as Bougainville and a French force lay to the West in their rear. About a mile to their front was the area of wide open country called the Plains of Abraham extending to the walls of the city.
Battle of Quebec 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War: picture by John Fawkes
Wolfe formed his army on the plains in a single line of battalions, the right resting on the edge of the heights above the St Lawrence. From the right his regiments were: the 35th Foot, the grenadier companies of the 22nd, 40th and the 45th Foot, the 28th, 43rd, 47th Foot, Fraser’s Highlanders and the 58th Foot. One light gun had been dragged up the cliff and stood between the 47th and the Highlanders. The 15th Foot was formed at a right angel to the line on the left to protect the flank. Two battalions formed a reserve, the 3rd/60th and the 48th Foot. Two companies of the 58th guarded the access up the cliff and 3rd/60th guarded the rear against any incursion by Bougainville.
Of the brigadiers, Monckton and Murray commanded the line and Townsend the reserves. Wolfe positioned himself with the 28th on the right of the line.
Montcalm did not become aware of the British incursion until the morning, when he saw the line formed outside Quebec. French, Canadian and Indians streamed through the city towards the Plains of Abraham. Montcalm applied to the governor of the city for some of the guns from the ramparts, but the governor agreed to release only three. Nevertheless Montcalm decided to attack the British line.
Montcalm formed his army; from the right a battalion of Canadian militia, then the regiments of Bearn, La Sarre, Guienne, Languedoc, Rousillon and another battalion of militia. Skirmishing Canadians and Indians formed on the flanks.
General Wolfe and his troops: Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War: picture by Richard Caton Woodville: click here to buy this picture
A savage fight developed on Wolfe’s left between the skirmishers and the British Light Infantry and the reserve regiments under Townsend. The three French guns and the single British gun fired at the opposing lines. The French regular battalions advanced to the attack and the British regiments, who had been lying down to avoid the fire, rose up. The French fired ineffectually at too great a distance and came on. The British foot withheld its fire until the range was 35 yards, it is said. Two volleys were sufficient to destroy the French line. The British infantry then advanced and drove the French from the field.
Wolfe, who had been wounded in the hand, advanced with the 28th Foot until he was shot in the groin and then in the chest. A group of soldiers carried him to the rear.
Canadian skirmishers continued to fire on the British until they were driven back. The French army retreated into the city in confusion. Montcalm, who had been shot, was carried with the retreating throng until he was taken from his horse iinto a house nearby, where he died.
Wolfe rejected medical attention and was laid on the ground. Someone called “See them run”. Wolfe said “Who?” He was answered, “The French.” Wolfe directed the 28th to march to the bridge across the St Charles River to cut off the retreat and then died.
In addition to the two generals, Montcalm’s deputy was killed and Brigadier Monckton wounded. Townsend took command and immediately had to fight off an attack from Bougainville to his rear.
City of Quebec during the battle: Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War
Casualties (killed and wounded):
Total: 1,412
The French casualties are unknown.
Death of General Wolfe at the Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War: picture by Benjamin West: click here to buy this picture
Follow-up:
After the battle the French civil governor of Canada, M. Vaudreuil left Quebec taking the majority of his surviving force and on 18th September 1759 the governor of Quebec surrendered the city to Townsend. The taking of Quebec was the beginning of the end of French rule in Canada although the British troops had to endure a severe winter in the ruined city.
Regimental anecdotes and traditions:
The 47th Foot took to wearing a black line in their lace to commemorate the death of Wolfe.
The 35th Foot took the plumes from the hats of the Rousillon Regiment and adopted them as the regimental badge. The Rousillon Regiment held the same number in the French line of 35th.
City of Quebec after the fighting: Battle of Quebec 13th September 1759 in the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War
References:
History of the British Army by Fortescue
Montcalm and Wolfe by Parkman
Wolfe of Quebec by Robin Reilly
The previous battle of the French and Indian War is the Capture of Louisburg
| Wolfe |
Who got to no.3 in the charts in 1972 with ‘You’re So Vain’? | Battle of the Plains of Abraham - The Canadian Encyclopedia
History
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (13 September 1759) was a pivotal moment in the Seven Years’ War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading to the surrender of Québec to the British.
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (13 September 1759) was a pivotal moment in the Seven Years’ War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm , leading to the surrender of Québec to the British. Both commanding officers died from wounds sustained during the battle. The French never recaptured Québec and effectively lost control of New France in 1760. At the end of the war in 1763 France surrendered many of its colonial possessions — including Canada — to the British.
Seven Years War
The battle was a key moment in the Seven Years’ War (1756–63), which was fought in Europe, India and North America (American history books refer to the conflict in North America as the French and Indian War). On one side was the alliance of France, Austria, Sweden, Saxony, Russia and Spain; on the other, the alliance of Britain, Prussia and Hanover. While France was preoccupied by the hostilities in Europe, Britain targeted French colonies overseas and attacked the French navy and merchant fleet, in the hope of destroying France as a commercial rival.
Although the French repulsed several British attacks in North America — including the successful defence of Fort Carillon by Montcalm — the British had made significant gains by 1759. On 26 July 1758, they captured the fortress of Louisbourg on Île Royale ( Cape Breton Island ), which led to the seizure of other French positions in Atlantic Canada, and left New France exposed to British ships, which could now sail up the St. Lawrence River . One of the brigadiers of the Louisbourg expedition was James Wolfe , who was praised in Britain and its American colonies for his role in taking the fortress.
Expedition to Québec
Wolfe, supported by a naval force under Vice-Admiral Charles Saunders, was appointed commanding officer of the British assault against the fortress city of Québec in 1759. On 27 June 1759, Wolfe and his men landed on the Île d’Orléans ; by the middle of July, the British also occupied positions on the southern bank of the St. Lawrence River at Point Lévis (directly across from Québec), and on the northern shore about 13 km from the city, close to the Montmorency Falls and a French army encampment at Beauport . However, the French forces at Beauport were protected by the Montmorency River, and any attempts against the city of Québec would have to face the fort’s battery of guns as well as the strong currents of the St. Lawrence. The French would be difficult to dislodge. The British attacked the French position at Beauport on 31 July, but were met by fierce resistance and had to retreat.
At this point, Wolfe sent Brigadier James Murray to target French stores and shipping about 65 km upriver from Québec. While this reduced the supplies available to the French defenders, it did not lure Montcalm into open battle. In desperation, Wolfe resorted to the systematic destruction of the buildings and countryside around Québec, but Montcalm still refused to attack. However, in late August a number of British ships managed to navigate the difficult currents of the St. Lawrence River and sail past the Québec batteries, establishing a strong British naval presence upriver of the city. The British command therefore decided to try landing an invasion force upriver from Québec, cutting the city off from Montréal and thus compelling Montcalm and the French army to fight.
The British Attack
Wolfe decided to land at L’Anse-au-Foulon, about three km upstream from Québec City, at the base of a cliff 53 m high. While historians have debated the logic and merits of this decision, the British were fortunate, as the area was only lightly defended. Operating in darkness and silence, the naval boats fought the strong currents of the St. Lawrence and landed the advance force at just after 4 a.m. on 13 September 1759. A British force of light infantrymen led by Colonel William Howe (who would later command British forces during the American Revolution ) scrambled up the cliff and subdued the French picket (advance guard). By the time the sun rose, Wolfe and the first division were on the plateau, and by 8 a.m. the entire force of 4,500 men had assembled. The British force stretched across the Plains of Abraham (named for 17th-century fisherman Abraham Martin) in a shallow horseshoe formation about 1 km long and two ranks deep.
The Battle
When Montcalm heard about the British landing and ascent, he decided to attack quickly before the British had the chance to establish themselves. Historians have criticized his response, suggesting that he should have waited for reinforcements to arrive from French detachments in the area. The French force consisted of about 4,500 men from the army at Beauport, many of whom were militia or Aboriginal warriors (see Aboriginal-French Relations ). Wolfe’s army was very close in size, but was composed almost entirely of regular soldiers, highly disciplined and trained for the field battle to come.
Montcalm’s men advanced and began firing once they were about 120 metres from the British line. However, Wolfe’s soldiers stood firm until the French were about 40 metres away, when they started the rolling volleys which quickly halted and then reversed their enemy’s advance.
General Wolfe died soon after the firing commenced, shot three times in the first few minutes of the engagement. After hearing that the French force was retreating, Wolfe reportedly stated, “Now, God be praised, I will die in peace.” Several other high-ranking British officers were killed as well, and the British charge lost some of its direction.
Brigadier-General George Townshend assumed command and organized two battalions to counter a French relief force under Colonel Bougainville that was approaching from behind; Bougainville decided to pull back, and the British consolidated their position on the heights. While this allowed Montcalm’s army to escape, Montcalm himself was wounded during the retreat and died the next morning in Québec. Townshend’s decision to entrench the British position instead of aggressively pursuing the French army had significant consequences; the French marched that night and bypassed their enemy on the way to Pointe-aux-Trembles, leaving only a small force in the town. The British laid siege to Québec, and on 18 September, the French commander signed the Articles of Capitulation and turned the city over to the British. However, the war for New France would continue.
Aftermath
The British position at Québec was not secure. Soon after the battle, the British navy was forced to leave the St. Lawrence River before ice closed the mouth of the river. The British at Québec were therefore isolated over the winter, and many suffered from scurvy. In April 1760, the Chevalier de Lévis (Montcalm’s successor) marched about 7,000 troops to Québec, outnumbering the defending British by about 3,000 men. On 28 April, Lévis’s force defeated the British at the Battle of Sainte-Foy , just west of the city. In a reversal of events from the previous year, the British retreated to Québec, and the French laid siege. However, in mid-May the British navy returned, and Lévis retreated to Montréal. On 20 November 1759, the French fleet was destroyed at the battle at Quiberon Bay, just off the French coast; there would be no reinforcements for New France . On 8 September 1760, Montréal surrendered to the British and with the 1763 Treaty of Paris , New France was officially ceded to Britain.
Legacy
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham marked a turning point in the history of New France and what would eventually become Canada. By defeating and securing the French stronghold at Québec, the British established a strong presence in New France, foreshadowing the eventual defeat of the French and the beginning of British hegemony in North America. However, the removal of France as a North American power increased the confidence of British colonies such as New York, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, which subsequently agitated for greater independence from Great Britain. The Battle of the Plains of Abraham therefore led not only to the British control of Canada, but also indirectly to the American Revolution , the creation of the United States and the migration of Loyalists northwards. The British victory at Québec in 1759 (and in the Seven Years’ War more generally) had a long legacy, affecting the borders, culture and identity of Canada.
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Which Italian word meaning ‘little book’ is applied to the text of an opera? | Opera terminology
OPERA TERMINOLOGY
A capella. [ah kah-peh-lah] (Italian) Literally, "in the chapel." Choral music sung without instrumental accompaniment.
Act. One of the main divisions of a drama, opera or ballet, usually completing a part of the action and often having a climax of its own.
Adagio/Adagietto. [ah-dah-jee-oh; ah dah-jee-eh-toh] (Italian) "Slowly." Indicates a slow tempo. Adagietto is also a slow tempo, but not as slow as adagio.
Allegro/Allegretto. [ah-lay-groh; ah-lay-greh-toh] (Italian) "Merry," "cheerful." Indicates a fast tempo. Allegretto is slightly slower than allegro and implies a lighter style.
Andante/Andantino. [ahn-dahn-tay; ahn-dahn-tee-noh] (Italian) From the verb andare, "to walk." Implies a moderate, "walking" tempo. Similarly, andantino (the diminutive of andante) could imply a tempo either faster or slower than andante.
Aria. [ah-ree-ah] A song sung by one person. In Italian, aria means "air," "style," "manner." The aria had a central place in early opera and throughout operatic history, arias have been used to highlight an emotional state of mind and accentuate the main characters.
Baritone. The most common category of the male voice; lower than a tenor, but higher than a bass. Baritones were more commonly used in during the Romantic opera era.
Bass. The lowest male voice. Many bass roles are associated with characters of authority or comedy.
Brava. "Well done" in Italian. Audiences say this to a female artist to express their appreciation.
Bravo. "Well done" in Italian. Audiences say this to a male artist to express their appreciation.
Bravi. "Well done" in Italian. Audiences say this a group of performers to express their appreciation.
Buffa. Exaggerated comedic opera. From the Latin bufo meaning toad and from the Italian Buffone, which were inflated gloves that actors used to exchange comic blows on the stage.
Chorus. A group of singers usually divided into sections based on vocal range. The chorus was originally an ancient Greek practice of underscoring portions of the drama through music. The chorus is often used for crowd scenes and to play minor characters.
Composer. The person who writes the vocal and/or orchestral music (score).
Conductor. The person in charge of all the musical aspects of an opera; both orchestrally and vocally.
Costumes. The clothing worn on stage by the performers. Costumes can be used to reflect the personality of a character, the historical time period, country of origin or social ranking.
Designers. The people who create the sets, costumes, make-up, wigs and lighting for the opera performance.
Dynamics. The degrees of volume (loudness and softness) in music. Also the words, abbreviations, and symbols used to indicate degrees of volume. Piano (soft) and forte (loud) are most common.
Duet. Two people singing together.
Finale. The ending segment of an act or scene.
Harmony. Harmony is the chordal or vertical structure of a piece of music, as opposed to melody (and polyphony, or multiple melodies) which represents the horizontal structure. The succession of chords in a given piece is referred to as a chord progression.
Leitmotif. A theme or other musical idea the represents or symbolizes a person, object, place, idea, state of mind, supernatural force or some other ingredient in a dramatic work. An idea used widely throughout German opera, though associated with Richard Wagner in most of his operas.
Librettist. The person who writes the text (words) of the opera.
Libretto. [lih-breh-toh] The text of the opera. In Italian, it means "little book."
Lyrics. Words of an opera or of a song.
Musical. A staged story similar to opera, though most of the dialogue is spoken.
Opera. A staged musical work in which some or all of the parts are sung. In Italian, the word "opera" means a work which is derived as the plural of the Latin opus. Opera is a union of music, drama and spectacle.
Orchestra. A group of musicians led by the conductor who accompany the singers.
Orchestra Pit. A sunken area in front of the stage where the orchestra sits.
Overture. An orchestral introduction played before the action begins. The overture is often used to set the mood of the opera. Many composers used the overture to introduce themes or arias within the opera and sometimes the overture became more well known than the opera itself.
Pants Role. A young male character who is sung by a woman, usually a mezzo-soprano, meant to imitate the sound of a boy whose voice has not yet changed.
Props. The visual elements of a scene other than the set. Furniture is called "set props" and smaller items (anything held by the performer) are called "hand props."
Quartet. Four people singing together.
Recitative. Dialogue which is "sing-speak." The recitative helps get through a lot of text quickly and moves the action along. Often precedes an aria or ensemble.
Set. The visual background on stage. The set shows the location of the action.
Soprano. The highest female voice. The soprano is commonly the lead female character.
Tempo. The speed of the music.
Tenor. The highest natural male voice. Often the lead male character within the opera.
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Who was the bridesmaid at Dame Edna Everage’s wedding? | Opera Terms Pronunciation Guide
Pronunciation Guide: Opera Terms
apron - the forward part of the stage between the curtain and the orchestra pit
aria - a song for solo voice with instrumental accompaniment. Arias appear in cantatas, oratorios, and operas beginning in the 17trh century. Usually they emphasize musical expression more than the text. The text is often reflective, rather than descriptive of action. Arias are usually not strophic and they provide lyric interludes that temporarily pull the listener away from the action of the story.
ballad opera - a form of 18th century English operatic entertainment that consisted of spoken dialogue and musical numbers from popular music sources such as ballads, folk songs, and songs from other plays. The first example was The Beggar's Opera (1728) by John Gay, with music arranged by J. Pepusch. It was a satire of the Italian opera seria popular in London at the time.
baritone - a male voice with a range between that of the low bass voice and the high tenor. The usual span is between G and e'. Baritone parts may require either expressive, lyricial singing or they may be more heroic, as in the title role of Verdi's Rigoletto.
baroque - the period in music history that spans from approximately 1600 to 1750. This period saw the birth of opera through the efforts of the Florentine Camerata and the works of Monteverdi.The best known late baroque operas are those of G.F. Handel.
bass - the lowest male voice, frequently subdivided in several categories (see following entries). The range is between E and c'. This example is Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov.
basso buffo - a category of bass voice that specializes in comic roles, frequently seen in the operas of Mozart and Rossini. Dr. Bartolo in Rossini's The Barber of Seville is a famous example.
basso cantante - a type of bass voice that demonstrates a melodic, singing quality rather than a comic or tragic one. An example is King Philip in Verdi's Don Carlos.
basso profundo - the most serious of the bass voices. Sarastro in Mozart's The Magic Flute is an example.
bel canto - "beautiful song," the traditional art of Italian singing which emphasizes elegant phrasing, beautiful tone and brilliant technique; bel canto flourished in the early to mid-19th century, in the works of Rossini, Bellini and Donizetti.
blocking - the moving of people around the stage by the stage director to set up the patterns that will be followed during the performance of the opera
cabaletta - a brisk aria in Italian opera, generally following a more solemn, thoughtful one; the cabaletta frequently refers to a contradictory or complimentary state of mind, and may even lead towards impassioned action from the character on stage. The term itself comes from the Italian"cavallo" which means horse: the accompaniment of the cabaletta frequently resembles the animal's galloping gait.
cadenza - a musical flourish, frequently made upon the spot by the performer, which occurs when an aria or a section of an aria seems to be coming to its close (its cadence spot); until the time of Verdi, cadenzas were expected to be improvised by the singer or the performer and were seldom notated precisely by the composer. The long passage between soprano and flute in the mad scene of Lucia di Lammermoor is an improvised double cadenza for those performers.
Camerata - a gathering of writers and musician who, in the late 16th century, regularly met to discuss art and experiment with form. In the years prior to 1580, the gathering assembled at the residence of Giovanni de Bardi, and after 1592, at the home of Jacopo Corsi. Vincenzo Galileo, the astronomer's father, was among them. Their deliberations led directly to the rise of opera as a combination of music, drama and stage spectacle. Jacopo Peri, a musician at the Medici court and a member of the Camerata, was the composer of Dafne (1597), considered to be the first opera.
cantabile - an expression (another one taken from "cantare") which asks the performer to sing or play in a sweetly singing manner.
cantata - a musical form, generally for chorus and soloists, based on a primarily narrative text; the most famous cantatas are those written by Bach, all of which take scriptural texts as their starting points--some are even for solo voice and instrument.
cantilena - a lyrical melody line, obviously meant to be sung or played "cantabile."
canzone - a short, lyrical operatic song; the term itself may have originated in Provence and could have referred to arias which have no narrative quality at all, but simply reflect the singer's state of mind. Cherubino's "Voi che sapete" in Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is called a canzone.
canzonetta - literally, a little "canzone;" Mozart used the words "canzone" and "canzonetta" frequently to differentiate between the more serious (and longer) arias and the shorter (and more conversational) solo work in his operas.
cavatina - a short, simple solo song, occasionally instrumental rather than vocal, that was popular in 18th century Italian opera.
classical - the period in music which comes after the baroque period and before the romantic; the dates are roughly 1756 (which is the birth of Mozart) to 1830 (three years after the death of Beethoven). Although the period is not as long as the baroque period, it represents the greatest standardization in orchestral form and sonority; even composers who lived beyond 1830 continued to use the standard "classical" orchestra of pairs of flutes, oboes, clarinets and bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, strings and timpani.
coda - the last musical thoughts in a composition; instrict formal terms, a piece might contain exposition (which sets forth the principal themes of the work), development (which uses that material in new and varied fashions), recapitulation (where the principal material is restated almost verbatim), cadenza (for a last minute vocal improvisation, sometimes based on the early materials in the work), and coda (where one last little idea is put forward by the composer).
coloratura - a type of soprano, generally, but also the description of singing which pertains to great feats of agility--fast singing, high singing, trills, embellishments and so forth. Some coloratura sopranos during this century have been Lily Pons, Roberta Peters, Joan Sutherland and Beverly Sills. This example of coloratura is Marguerite's "Jewel Song" from Gounod's Faust.
commedia dell'arte - a style of dramatic presentation popular in Italy from the 16th century on; the commedia characters were highly stylized and the plots frequently revolved around disguises, mistaken identities and misunderstandings. The principal commedia characters are Pierrot, Harlequin and Colombine. Operatic spoofs of the commedia characters can be found in Leoncavallo's Pagliacci and Strauss' Ariadne auf Naxos.
comprimario - a singer who takes the secondary character roles in an opera, from the Italian which means "next to the first"; confidantes, maids, servants, messengers and medical personnel generally fit under the heading of comprimario roles.
continuo - the small group of instruments that accompanies the recitatives in baroque music; as a general rule, the continuo group comprises cello and harpsichord or organ, although in some of the larger works of Monteverdi (Orfeo, The Coronation of Poppea ) the continuo group can comprise a dozen or more instruments.
contralto - the lowest female voice; the term itself comes from two Italian words which signify against ("contra") the high ("alto") voice. In baroque operas, the contralto generally represented a certain character type on stage: either comic (a sort of female basso buffo), or spooky and other worldly, or just plain matronly. Marian Anderson and Maureen Forrester have been legendary contraltos in the concert and operatic world.
counterpoint - the putting together of two or more independent musical lines; when the same musical tune is repeated several times, in different vocal ranges, the result can be a fugue or a round.
countertenor - a high male voice, generally singing within the female contralto or mezzo soprano range; popular in the baroque period, the countertenor frequently portrayed young, virile men or innocent, blushing adolescents--the voices were generally quite powerful, and not considered effeminate. This vocal range is sometimes referred to as "male alto."
Deus ex machina - literally, "god out of a machine," a literary or staging device which refers to some last-minute salvation of a tricky situation by a god or goddess who has been watching the entire plot unfold from afar. In the baroque period, elaborate scenery was devised whereby a particular god (more often than not Amor, the god of love) would descend from above the stage in a little cloud or carriage.
director/producer - depending upon the locale of the producing company, the person who creates the staging for a play or an opera; in America this person is called the director, or the stage director, as opposed to the conductor who leads the orchestra. Throughout Europe, this person is known as the producer while the orchestra conductor is frequently called the director!
diva - a female opera star of great rank or pretension; the original Italian word means "goddess."
dramma giocoso - an opera which combines serious elements, enacted by aristocratic personnages, with comic relief, played out and commented upon by earthier peasant stock. The most famous example of dramma giocoso is Mozart's Don Giovanni, although the composer himself never actually called it such--only Lorenzo da Ponte, the librettist, did.
duet - a musical composition for two performers.
embellishment - the addition of extra notes to an already established melody line; in the days of Handel, and again in the flourishing of 19th century Italian bel canto, the process of embellishing a vocal line whenever it is repeated was the standard practice. Some composers, like Bach and Mozart, wrote out their own embellishments--others trusted the instrumentalists and singers to add their own.
entr'acte - a musical composition played between acts or between scenes within an act of an opera.
entrée - a musical composition, used mainly in the French baroque period by its greatest practitioners, Rameau and Lully, which has a martial, aggressive quality; the entrée generally was played to introduce an important character or group of characters. In some French baroque works, such as Rameau's Les Indes galantes , each act was called an entrée.
falsetto - the technique of singing whereby the tone produced has a light, "head voice" quality; this use of a "false" voice, which is what the term really means, enables a bass or a baritone to imitate a female voice, for example.
fioritura - understandably confused with coloratura but meaning almost the same thing; taken from "fior" which means "flower" in Italian, fioratura refers to the actual flowery, embellished vocal line within an aria. All coloratura sopranos have to sing fioratura at some point or another, but there is no such thing as a fioratura soprano.
grand opera - opera which is sung from start to finish, as opposed to opera which may have spoken dialogue; grand opera frequently treats serious, dramatic subjects and, in French opera of the 19th century, was generally epic in scale with a full scale ballet inserted in the middle of the work.
hauptstimme - this refers to the principal musical material of a work. In the operas of Schoenberg or Berg, early 20th century German composers, the main melodies are marked with an "H" to indicate that the composers considered those the principal tunes.
heldentenor - a type of tenor voice which hearkens back to the golden age of Wagnerian singing; the typical heldentenor has an unusually brilliant top register (high notes) combined with a muscular lower voice, almost like a baritone, and is capable of long passages which require great vocal stamina. Tristan and Siegfried are great heldentenor roles. One of the great heldentenors of the century was Lauritz Melchior.
imbroglio - operatic scene in which diversity of rhythm and melody create chaos and confusion; the original meaning of the Italian word was "intrigue."
intermezzo - a short musical entertainment, which in its earliest manifestation might be played between the acts of a longer, more serious operatic work; the intermezzo was almost always of light hearted character, and never involved more than three or four singers. One well known operatic intermezzo is La serva padrona (The Maid Becomes the Mistress) of Giovanni Pergolesi (1733) which was sung between the first and second acts of a much larger, and quite forgotten, work Il prigioner superb (The Model Prisoner).
legato - a smooth and gliding style of singing or playing; the opposite of Iegato is marcato (in a marked, punchy style) or even staccato (in an even shorter, more aggressive style).
leitmotiv - a short musical passage, sometimes no more than three or four notes, which instantly calls to mind a character or situation in a musical drama; although Wagner may not have invented the device, he is certainly the best known user of it. This example is the glance motive from Wagner's Tristan und Isolde.
libretto - the text of an opera; the literal translation is "little book," which reminds us that in a Broadway show the texts of the songs are called the "lyrics" while the spoken text of the rest of the play is called the "book."
lied - a German song; the pronunciation is "leed" and the plural is lieder (pronounced "leader"). In some pre-Wagnerian German operas, the songs that the characters sing are called "lieder" as opposed to "aria" which would be the Italian determination.
maestro - a title of courtesy, given, especially in Italy, to conductors, composers and directors; translation (from the Italian), "Master."
marking - the practice used by many singers to save their voices in rehearsals; singers will sing in what seems to be a mere whisper, or transpose the vocal lines so that they don't have to sing extremely high or low notes. This is done as a vocal protection--singing too strenuously, or without getting the voice properly warmed up can lead to vocal strain and severe throat problems.
masque - a staged performance in which music, poetry, song and dance are blended; although the word is French, and pronounced "mask," the form is more frequently associated with English works which appeared in the time of Queen Elizabeth I.
mezza voce - literally, "medium voice," literally; when singing mezza voce, the singer reduces the volume so as to intensify the emotion. When marking, singers use a kind of mezza voce, but not for dramatic purposes; in performance, it should be intentional.
mezzo soprano - the female voice range which lies between the soprano, which is the highest, and the contralto; the tone of a mezzo soprano can either be voluptuous (in the case of Delilah or Carmen) or it can be thinner and more agile (which might describe Rosina in The Barber of Seville).
opera buffa - a style of opera which revolves almost entirely around comedy; perhaps an outgrowth of the Italian intermezzo, the opera buffa as a form was popular in the baroque days as well as in Italy of the early 19th century. Its counterpart is opera seria, which implies opera almost entirely about lofty ideals or with tragic consequences.
opéra comique - a misleading term, French in origin, which would seem to describe opera that was funny; in fact, opéra comique describes opera in which there is some spoken dialogue as opposed to grand opera in which there is none. As a matter of fact, both Gounod's Faust and Bizet's Carmen were originally conceived with spoken dialogue and are, thus, opéras comiques even though their subject matter would seem to make them "grand" operas.
operetta - light, frothy musical entertainments which generally do not pertain to terrifically important subject material; spoken dialogue, dancing, practical jokes and mistaken identities seem to be the trademark of the operetta form, most popular in late 19th century Vienna or France, under the hands of the Strauss family or Offenbach. Die Fledermaus, The Merry Widow, La Périchole and Noel Coward's Bitter Sweet are all operettas.
opus - a single work or composition, from the Latin; the plural form of "opus" is "opera" and it was that term that the Camerata (see above) adopted since their new stage presentations combined the musical work, the dramatic work and the staging work--thus making "works."
oratorio - a musical composition (generally not staged) for chorus, orchestra and soloists, whose text is generally religious, serious or philosophical in nature; a long version of a cantata. It was to oratorio that Handel turned when the English public turned sour on his staged operas, although the story line and characterization of the oratorios are often totally operatic. Messiah and Israel in Egypt are oratorios; Julius Caesar and Rinaldo are not.
orchestra - the group of musicians which accompany a staged presentation; in early operas (from 1600 to about 1750) the orchestra might consist of a few strings, pairs of oboes, bassoons, flutes, trumpets and continuo (see above). The orchestra grew from the time of Mozart through Beethoven, Berlioz, Wagner, Verdi, Puccini and Richard Strauss so that nowadays an opera orchestra can easily consist of 90 to 100 players. In America the first floor of a theatre is called the orchestra, whereas in England that area is called the stalls.
ornamentation - the extra notes, like appogiaturas, scales, trills or cadenzas that can enhance a melodic line when it has to be repeated. Ornamentation and embellishment are probably interchangeable terms.
overture - the instrumental introduction to a musical drama or oratorio; frequently the overture will incorporate musical themes that will later be heard in the course of the opera. In Don Giovanni, the ominous theme of the Stone Guest (from the Act II) is heard as a premonition at the beginning of the overture, thus setting an emotional tone as well as providing musical structure to the entire work.
parlando - literally, "speaking"; this Italian term directs the singer to imitate speech in singing. The "patter songs" of Gilbert and Sullivan operettas frequently employ a great deal of parlando singing.
pitch - the location of a sound on a scale ranging from high to low.
polyphony - literally, "many voices"; the mixing together of several melodic lines in a pleasant fashion. Counterpoint is certainly an element which creates polyphony.
portamento - the smooth movement in singing or playing a stringed instrument from one note to the next; a portamento can only be achieved in legato singing or playing, and is frequently compared to "glissando," which literally means sliding from one note to the next.
prelude - the instrumental introduction to an individual act within a musical drama, whether opera or operetta; some composers use the words overture, prelude and entr'acte interchangeably.
prima donna - the female star of an opera cast; in Verdi's time it was considered a matter of course to differentiate the roles in terms of their dramatic and vocal importance, such as "Prima Donna," "Seconda Donna," "Terza Donna" and the like. It did not until recently come to describe the personality of the singer, rather than the importance of her role in the opera.
prompter - a member of the musical staff of many large opera houses; the prompter sits in a small box practically invisible to the audience, under the apron of the stage, and gives singers and choristers the vocal cues seconds before they are required to sing them. In many international houses, where singers perform without benefit of long musical rehearsal periods, a prompter can be invaluable as a memory aide for a jet lagged singer.
proscenium - a misunderstood term; most performers, even designers, refer to the proscenium when they actually mean the proscenium arch. The proscenium, to be technically exact, is that part of the stage between the curtain and the orchestra pit--and the architectural arch which encloses the curtain is called the proscenium arch. Even so, proscenium is used in a larger, more general sense, in the meaning of a stage constructed with a curtain, as opposed to a thrust stage where the stage has no formal enclosure.
prova - rehearsal, from the Italian word for "test"; often in Italy, one hears of a "prova generale,"which means the final dress rehearsal. In Germany, a rehearsal is called "probe" (PROE beh); in German houses, one frequently hears of a sitzprobe (a rehearsal with orchestra where the singers sing seated on chairs at the front of the stage instead of moving about) or wandelprobe (where the singers actually go through the motions of their acting while the orchestra plays the music) or generalprobe (which is, in essence, the last dress rehearsal).
raked stage - a stage which slants upward away from the view of the audience; in the earliest opera houses, the stage was so slanted so that the audience member sitting in the back of the theatre could have an easy view of someone standing at the back of the stage. Many opera houses in Europe today have stages that are permanently sloped like this.
range - the division of the human voice, according to six basic types: soprano, mezzo soprano, contralto, tenor, baritone and bass.
recitativo - a musical form within an opera which, by imitating rapid speech, advances the plot;this is not the same as parlando, which is a style of singing, but rather a formal device which links together the arias and choruses. Those forms generally express states of mind while the recitative describes a course of action.
recitativo accompagnato - is accompanied by the full orchestra. The introduction to Donna Anna's "Or sai chi l'onore" in Don Giovanni is an example of the"accompagnato" style, where the orchestral sonorities are capable of varying the mood of the narration more than the simple harpsichord accompaniment could.
recitativo secco - is accompanied by the continuo instruments. Numerous passages abound in the operas of Mozart and Rossini of the "secco" style.
ritornello - the instrumental prelude to an individual song within a cantata, concerto or aria; in baroque Italian operas, the ritornello (which comes from Italian meaning "a little return trip") could be heard not only at the beginning and the end of the aria, but as a dividing mark between stanzas.
Romantic - the period of music between 1830 and the turn of the 20th century; composers of romantic music frequently found inspiration in other than musical ideas, such as nature, painting,birdcalls, rainstorms. Beethoven was probably the first romantic opera composer, although the most famous are Wagner and Verdi.
singspiel - early German musical drama, which employed spoken dialogue along with musical numbers; Mozart's The Abduction from the Seraglio and The Magic Flute are both examples of this genre, so are Weber's Der Freischutz and Beethoven's Fidelio. The singspiel is very similar to English ballad opera or French opéra comique.
soprano - the highest range of the female voice; the soprano voice ranges from lyric (a light, graceful quality) to dramatic (obviously fuller and heavier in tone).
sotto voce - a musical direction which asks the performer to sing, or play "under the voice," or in a subdued manner. Singing sotto voce can be compared to declaiming in a stage whisper and can be very effective in a large theatre.
soubrette - a lightweight soprano voice or type of soprano role, frequently found in comic operas or operettas; the soubrette usually possesses a flirtatious demeanor and street wise manner, as in the case of Adele in Die Fledermaus, or is a particularly fetching country innocent, like Adina inThe Elixir of Love.
spinto - a kind of voice which is "pushed" towards another, from the Italian "spingere" (to push); thus a "lirico spinto" soprano is a Iyric voice that has some qualities of the heavier dramatic range. Frequently, sopranos who have essentially light voices will take on the role of, say, Mimi in La Bohème (to portray her youthfulness and frailty) and push their voices to ride over the orchestra, thus developing a "spinto" sound. Licia Albanese, the great Italian soprano, would be a prime example of this type of soprano.
sprechstimme - literally, "speak voice"; a kind of vocal instruction, found often in the operas of Schoenberg and Berg, where the singer half speaks and half sings a note. The declamation sounds like speaking, but there is a duration of pitch which makes it seem almost like singing.
staccato - a type of singing or playing that is characterized by short, clipped, rapid articulation; the opposite of staccato is legato.
stage right/stage left - the division of the stage from the performer's point of view; thus, when a singer goes stage right, he moves to his right but to the audience's left.
supernumerary - a performer who appears in a non-singing role; a "super" might have a solo walk on to deliver a message, or might be included as part of a large processional, for example. In the old days, supers were often referred to as "spear carriers."
tempo - the speed of a musical passage or composition; the tempo may range from very slow ("largo" in Italian, "langsam" in German) to extremely fast ("presto" in Italian, "schnell" in German).
tenor - the highest natural male voice.
tessitura - the average range of a vocal part in an opera; for example, the tessitura of Lucia di Lammermoor is quite high, that of Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana (although it is still a soprano role) is low enough that the role could be sung by a mezzo soprano.
trill - two adjacent notes rapidly and repeatedly alternated.
twelve tone - a system of composition that was put forth in the early part of this century by Arnold Schoenberg, whereby (in very simple terms), each note of the chromatic scale should be used as part of a melody before any other note gets repeated. Many composers have used this system, which is also called "serialism," but the best known operas in this style are Berg's Wozzeck and Lulu, Schoenberg's Erwartung and Roger Sessions's Montezuma.
upstage/downstage - the position on stage farthest or nearest the audience; because of the raked stage which was so prevalent in early opera houses, the farther "back" a singer went on the stage, the "higher" he seemed to become in stature--thus the distinction of being "up"-stage. When a singer is directed to move downstage left, he goes toward the audience and towards his left side; to the audience, he seems to be coming forward and moving to the audience's right.
verismo - literally, "truth"; a style of theatre made popular in the latter part of the 19th century in which ordinary events and characters participate in melodramatic situations.Bizet's Carmen was considered an early and powerful example of verismo, and so are most of the operas of Puccini and Mascagni.
vibrato - the slightly wavering quality that a singer has in his voice while sustaining a tone; if the vibrato becomes terribly pronounced, it is pejoratively called a wobble. Some singers will drain their voice of any vibrato for a particularly haunting effect.
zarzuela --a Spanish popular musical presentation which blends dialogue and music in skits and dramas ranging from one to three acts that deal satirically with aspects of daily life. The derivation of the name is intriguing: early zarzuelas were performed in the Palacio de la Zarzuela in Madrid, so named because it was surrounded by a field of brambles ("zarza" being Spanish for bramble).
* * * * * * *
Acknowledgements
This pronouncing dictionary was created as a result of a grant from the Associated Colleges of the South. The text for the definitions in the dictionary was taken in part from the Opera Glossary created by William Fred Scott, Artistic Director of the Atlanta Opera. I am grateful for his permission to use his work as a starting point.
Sound recordings for the pronunciation of Italian terms were made by Professor Angela Mutzi of the Rhodes College Foreign Languages and Literatures Department. French terms were recorded by Elizabeth Crouch, Rhodes, '97.
Patricia Gray
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Who was the serving President of the USA in 1976? | List of One-Term U.S. Presidents
See also: 5 Wacky Myths About Obama
Who are the other one term presidents in the history of the United States? Who are the other modern one term presidents? Why did voters turn their backs on them? Here's a look at America's one term presidents - those who ran for, but lost, re-election - through history.
George H. W. Bush, 1989. Hulton Archives
1. George H.W. Bush
Republican George H.W. Bush was the 41st president of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. He lost a campaign for re-election in 1992 to Democrat William Jefferson Clinton , who went on to serve two full terms.
Bush's official White House biography describes his re-election loss this way: "Despite unprecedented popularity from this military and diplomatic triumph, Bush was unable to withstand discontent at home from a faltering economy, rising violence in inner cities, and continued high deficit spending. In 1992 he lost his bid for reelection to Democrat William Clinton."
President Jimmy Carter. Mikki Ansin/Hulton Archive
2. Jimmy Carter
Democrat Jimmy Carter was the 39th president of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981. He lost a campaign for re-election in 1980 to Republican Ronald Reagan , who went on to serve two full terms.
Carter's White House biography blames several factors for his defeat, not the least of which was the hostage-taking of U. S. embassy staff in Iran , which dominated the news during the last 14 months of Carter's administration. "The consequences of Iran's holding Americans captive, together with continuing inflation at home, contributed to Carter's defeat in 1980. Even then, he continued the difficult negotiations over the hostages."
Iran released the 52 Americans the same day Carter left office.
President Gerald Ford. David Hume Kennerly/Hulton Archive
3. Gerald Ford
Republican Gerald R. Ford was the 38th president of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977. He lost a campaign for re-election in 1976 to Democrat Jimmy Carter , who went on to serve one term.
"Ford was confronted with almost insuperable tasks," his White House biography states. "There were the challenges of mastering inflation, reviving a depressed economy, solving chronic energy shortages, and trying to ensure world peace." In the end he could not overcome those challenges.
President Herbert Hoover. Hulton Archive
4. Herbert Hoover
Republican Herbert Hoover was the 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933. He lost a campaign for re-election in 1932 to Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt , who went on to serve three full terms.
The stock market crashed within months of Hoover's first election in 1928, and the United States plunged into The Great Depression . Hoover became he scapegoat four years later.
"At the same time he reiterated his view that while people must not suffer from hunger and cold, caring for them must be primarily a local and voluntary responsibility," his biography reads. "His opponents in Congress, who he felt were sabotaging his program for their own political gain, unfairly painted him as a callous and cruel President."
President William Howard Taft. Buyenlarge
5. William Howard Taft
Republican William Howard Taft was the 27th president of the United States, serving from 1909 to 1913. He lost a campaign for re-election in 1912 to Democrat Woodrow Wilson , who went on to serve two full terms.
"Taft alienated many liberal Republicans who later formed the Progressive Party, by defending the Payne-Aldrich Act which unexpectedly continued high tariff rates," Taft's White House biography reads. "He further antagonized progressives by upholding his secretary of the interior, accused of failing to carry out [former President Theodore] Roosevelt's conservation policies."
When the Republicans nominated Taft for a second term, Roosevelt left the GOP and lead the Progressives, guaranteeing the election of Woodrow Wilson.
President Benjamin Harrison. Stock Montage
6. Benjamin Harrison
Republican Benjamin Harrison was the 23rd president of the United States, serving from 1889 to 1893. He lost a campaign for re-election in 1892 to Democrat Grover Cleveland , who went on to serve two full terms, though not consecutively.
Harrison's administration suffered politically after a substantial Treasury surplus evaporated, and prosperity seemed about to disappear as well. The 1890 congressional elections swept in Democrats, and Republican leaders decided to abandon Harrison even though he had cooperated with Congress on party legislation, according to his White House biography. His party renominated him in 1892, but he was defeated by Cleveland.
President Grover Cleveland. PhotoQuest
7. Grover Cleveland*
*Democrat Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, having served from 1885 to 1889, and 1893 to 1897. So he doesn't technically qualify as a one term president. But because Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive four-year terms, he holds an important place in U.S. history, having lost his initial bid for re-election in 1888 to Republican Benjamin Harrison .
"In December 1887 he called on Congress to reduce high protective tariffs," his bio reads. "Told that he had given Republicans an effective issue for the campaign of 1888, he retorted, 'What is the use of being elected or re-elected unless you stand for something?'"
President Martin Van Buren. Hulton Archive
8. Martin Van Buren
Democrat Martin Van Buren served as the eighth president of the United States, serving from 1837 to 1841. He lost a campaign for re-election in 1840 to Whig William Henry Harrison , who died shortly after taking office.
"Van Buren devoted his inaugural address to a discourse upon the American experiment as an example to the rest of the world. The country was prosperous, but less than three months later the panic of 1837 punctured the prosperity," his White House biography reads.
"Declaring that the panic was due to recklessness in business and overexpansion of credit, Van Buren devoted himself to maintaining the solvency of the national Government." Still, he lost re-election.
President Quincy Adams. Hulton Archive
9. John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams was the sixth president of the United States, serving from 1825 to 1829. He lost a campaign for re-election in 1828 to Andrew Jackson after his Jacksonian opponents accused him of corruption and public plunder - "an ordeal," according to his White House biography, "Adams did not easily bear."
President John Adams. Hulton Archive
10. John Adams
Federalist John Adams , one of America's Founding Fathers, was the second president of the United States, having served from 1797 to 1801. "In the campaign of 1800 the Republicans were united and effective, the Federalists badly divided," Adams' White House biography reads. Adams lost his re-election campaign in 1800 to Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson .
Don’t feel too sorry for one-term presidents. They get the same nice presidential retirement package as two-term presidents including a yearly pension, a staffed office, and several other allowances and benefits.
In 2016, Congress passed a bill that would have cut the pensions and allowances given to former presidents. However, President Barak Obama, soon to be a former president himself, vetoed the bill .
| Gerald Ford |
What two colours can be seen on the flag of the Islamic State, previously known as Isis? | Jimmy Carter - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com
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Jimmy Carter’s Early Life and Start in Politics
Born in Plains, Georgia , on October 1, 1924, James Earle Carter Jr. attended the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, graduating in 1946. Shortly thereafter he married Rosalynn Smith, a fellow native of Plains; the couple would have four children. Carter’s seven-year career in the Navy included five years on submarine duty. In 1953, he was preparing to serve as an engineering officer on the submarine Seawolf when his father died. Carter returned home and was able to rebuild his family’s struggling peanut warehouse business after a crippling drought.
Did You Know?
Iran finally released the hostages on January 21, 1981, the day after Ronald Reagan's inauguration. Reagan invited former President Carter to greet the freed hostages in Germany.
Active in community affairs and a deacon at the Plains Baptist Church, Carter launched his political career with a seat on his local board of education. In 1962, he won election to the Georgia State Senate as a Democrat; he was reelected in 1964. Two years later, he ran for the governor’s office, finishing a disappointing third. The loss sent Carter into a period of depression, which he overcame by finding renewed faith as a born-again Christian. He ran again for the governorship in 1970 and won. A year later, Carter was featured on the cover of Time magazine as one of a new breed of young political leaders in the South, known for their moderate racial views and progressive economic and social policies.
Carter and the Presidential Election of 1976
Carter announced his candidacy for president in 1974, just before his gubernatorial term was up. For the next two years, he traveled around the country making speeches and meeting as many people as possible. His core message was one of values: He called for a return to honesty and an elimination of secrecy in government, and repeatedly told voters, “I’ll never tell a lie.”
At a time when Americans were disillusioned with the executive branch of government in the wake of the Watergate scandal, Carter managed to build a constituency by marketing himself as an outsider to Washington politics. He won the Democratic nomination in July 1976 and chose Senator Walter F. Mondale of Minnesota as his running mate. In the general election, Carter faced Republican incumbent Gerald R. Ford, who had succeeded to the presidency after Nixon’s resignation. In November, Carter won a narrow victory, capturing 51 percent of the popular vote and 297 electoral votes (compared with Ford’s 240).
“Outsider” in Washington
As president, Carter sought to portray himself as a man of the people, dressing informally and adopting a folksy speaking style. He introduced a number of ambitious programs for social and economic reform, and included a relatively large number of women and minorities in his cabinet. Despite Democratic majorities in the House and Senate, Congress blocked Carter’s proposal for welfare reform, as well as his proposal for a long-range energy program, a central focus of his administration. This difficult relationship with Congress meant that Carter was unable to convert his plans into legislation, despite his initial popularity.
Carter’s relationship with the public suffered in 1977, when Bert Lance–a close friend of the president whom he had named as director of the Office of Management and Budget–was accused of financial misdealings in his pre-Washington career as a Georgia banker. Carter initially defended Lance, but was later driven to ask for his resignation. Though Lance was later cleared of all charges, the scandal marred the president’s much-vaunted reputation for honesty.
Jimmy Carter’s Leadership Abroad and at Home
In 1977, Carter brokered two U.S. treaties with Panama; the following year, he presided over a tough round of meetings between Egypt’s President Anwar el-Sadat and Israel’s Prime Minister Menachem Begin at Camp David. The resulting Camp David Accords ended the state of war between the two nations that had existed since Israel was founded in 1948. Carter also reopened diplomatic relations between the United States and China while breaking ties with Taiwan, and signed a bilateral strategic arms limitation treaty (SALT II) with the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev.
Throughout his presidency, Carter struggled to combat the nation’s economic woes, including high unemployment, rising inflation and the effects of an energy crisis that began in the early 1970s. Though he claimed an increase of 8 million jobs and a reduction in the budget deficit by the end of his term, many business leaders as well as the public blamed Carter for the nation’s continuing struggles, saying he didn’t have a coherent or effective policy to address them. In July 1979, Carter called a special summit with national leaders at Camp David. His televised speech after the meeting diagnosed a “crisis of confidence” occurring in the country, a mood that he later referred to as a “national malaise.”
Hostage Crisis and Carter’s Defeat
In November 1979, a mob of Iranian students stormed the U.S. embassy in Tehran and took its diplomatic staff hostage as a protest against the arrival in the United States of the deposed Iranian shah, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, in order to receive medical treatment. The students had the support of Iran’s revolutionary government, led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Carter stood firm in the tense standoff that followed, but his failure to free the hostages led his government to be perceived as inept and inefficient; this perception increased after the failure of a secret U.S. military mission in April 1980.
Despite sagging approval ratings, Carter was able to defeat a challenge by Senator Edward Kennedy to win the Democratic nomination in 1980. He was defeated by a large margin in the general election that year by Ronald Reagan , a former actor and governor of California who argued during his campaign that the problem facing the country was not a lack of public confidence, but a need for new leadership.
Jimmy Carter’s Post-Presidency Career
With his wife Rosalynn, Carter established the nonprofit, nonpartisan Carter Presidential Center in Atlanta in 1982. In the decades that followed, he continued his diplomatic activities in many conflict-ridden countries around the globe. In 1994 alone, Carter negotiated with North Korea to end their nuclear weapons program, worked in Haiti to ensure a peaceful transfer of government and brokered a (temporary) ceasefire between Bosnian Serbs and Muslims.
Carter has also built homes for the poor with the organization Habitat for Humanity and worked as a professor at Emory University. He is the author of numerous books, the topics of which range from his views on the Middle East to memories of his childhood; they also include a historical novel and a collection of poetry. In 2002, Carter was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The prize committee cited his role in helping forge the Camp David accord between Israel and Egypt during his presidency, as well as his ongoing work with the Carter Center.
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In what decade did Justin Welby, the Archbishop of Canterbury, leave Eton? | The first 'Jewish' archbishop of Canterbury heads to Israel | The Times of Israel
Anglican Church
LONDON – The father of the new Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, kept many secrets. Gavin Welby never told his son that he had an estranged older sister, or a first wife. He never told him his real birthdate, or the name under which he was born. And, it has emerged, he never told him that he was born a Jew.
“He told lots of stories but one was never really sure what was true and what wasn’t,” Archbishop Justin told The Daily Telegraph , which broke the news to him just days after he was appointed head of the Church of England in November 2012. “He drank quite heavily and, you know, he would say things sometimes when he had been drinking and you did not know what was true or not.
“He wouldn’t talk about his family at all,” he said.
Naturally, the bombshell that the leader of 80 million Anglicans worldwide is a half-Jew has captured the imagination of Britain’s Jewish community. The Anglican Church, by contrast, has so far reacted apathetically, perhaps inured by previous examples of Jewish-Christian clerics such as Giles Fraser, until 2011 Canon Chancellor of St Paul’s Cathedral, who had a Jewish father; and Hugh Montefiore, a well-known bishop in the 1970s and ‘80s, who converted from Judaism in his teens.
But beyond the gossip element lie serious questions. Will Archbishop Justin be able to improve Jewish-Anglican relations, which have gone through a rocky patch over the last few months? And how will the revelations about his heritage affect his attitudes and worldviews?
With little track record to go on, observers are reluctant jump to any conclusions: “It’s very early days,” says Rev. David Gifford, CEO of the Council of Christians and Jews, noting that Welby was only installed in March.
Archbishop Welby, whose decade-long rise in the church is considered meteoric, has had limited experience working with Jewish groups, but activists speak positively of his relations with Jews in his former parishes and in the interfaith world.
They point to two hopeful early signs. The first is that the archbishop has chosen to visit Israel next week, which is considered very early in his tenure (he will also be visiting Egypt, the Palestinian territories and, briefly, Jordan). A visit to Yad Vashem may be particularly poignant as he recently discovered that he has relatives who perished in the Shoah. He will also engage with as-yet-unnamed “communities and leaders” and pay his respects to the patriarchs of the Jerusalem churches, in particular Jerusalem’s Anglican bishop, Suheil Duwani.
The Prince of Wales speaks with the Archbishop of Canterbury, The Most Reverend Justin Welby following his Enthronement at Canterbury Cathedral. (photo credit: AP Photo/Chris Ison, Pool)
The other is that, completely regardless of his Jewish background, he appears to have long had an affinity for, and interest in, Jewish issues and in Israel.
According to the philo-Semitic Canon Andrew White, “Israel has no fear with him, nor does the Jewish community. He’s a friend, not an enemy.”
In 2002, as the director of the International Centre for Reconciliation at Coventry Cathedral in England, Canon White asked Welby to join him on a trip to Israel to talk to other faith leaders about the peace process. Welby was then “just a normal vicar,” albeit “the best vicar I’d ever seen,” says White, who is nowadays famous as “the vicar of Baghdad” for his work in Iraq .
The hunch paid off.
“It was very obvious immediately that here in this man was someone who totally understood the need for reconciliation and what we were working for – trying to bring Israelis and Palestinians together,” White says. “So many in the church are so anti-Israel. He was really positive, and understood the history and negativity between Christians and Jews over the years. The biggest thing in my life is how to relate to Jewish people. He took that and understood it immediately, and that is when I decided I wanted this person to work with me.”
Within a year, Welby had become co-director at the International Centre for Reconciliation, and was also promoted to a position at Coventry Cathedral.
“It was his first senior appointment,” says Canon White. “It all started in Israel.”
‘It was very obvious immediately that here in this man was someone who totally understood the need for reconciliation and what we were working for – trying to bring Israelis and Palestinians together’
At that time, Welby’s Jewish heritage was a secret he was apparently not party to.
Laura Sykes, editor of the Lay Anglicana blog , started researching Welby’s family history when his name was first raised as a serious candidate for Archbishop of Canterbury last summer. According to her, Welby’s Jewish grandfather, Bernard Weiler, came to England from Germany in 1886, possibly to escape anti-Semitism. Together with three of his brothers, he set up a successful company trading in ostrich feathers, which were then a fashion item, and considered a particularly Jewish business.
In 1909, Bernard married London-born Edith James. On an overseas trip he described them both as “Hebrews” on the ship register, and Tim Welby, Archbishop Justin’s son, says she was Jewish. Sykes says that she has not managed to find their marriage certificate and that it is unlikely. (If she were a gentile, this would make the Archbishop a quarter- rather than half-Jewish.)
The couple settled down in the tony London neighbourhood of Hampstead with two children, Peggy and Gavin, changing their Germanic-sounding surname to Welby a month after Britain declared war on Germany in 1914. But at some point – either in 1914, when the value of feathers plummeted, or in 1929, in the stock market crash – they lost all their money.
In 1929, aged just 19, Gavin was sent to America to restore the family fortunes, which he promptly did, first by bootlegging alcohol with the Italian mafia during prohibition, and later by working as an import manager at a large alcohol company. But, with dark good looks and an English accent, he also took the opportunity to re-invent himself, entering into a short-lived marriage with a New Jersey heiress and becoming a fixture in Manhattan high society.
‘He is thinking about it – he is a thoughtful man – but it would be hard enough for anyone to grapple with; as Archbishop of Canterbury he has no freedom to explore this’
He introduced John F. Kennedy to one of his mistresses just weeks before he married Jacqueline Bouvier, while Gavin’s own romantic conquests over the years included JFK’s younger sister Patricia, socialite Doris Duke — known as “the world’s richest girl” — and, later in life, actress Vanessa Redgrave, to whom he was briefly engaged.
After World War II, in which he served in the British army in a non-combat role, he returned to Manhattan, giving himself a promotion to captain. He also seems to have invented a British aristocratic background.
Eventually he settled back in London, standing for Parliament but losing heavily, and marrying the non-Jewish Jane Portal, a former personal secretary to Winston Churchill, against the wishes of her parents. They divorced when Justin was three and the future Archbishop of Canterbury reportedly continued to live with his father, attending Britain’s top private school, Eton, and the University of Cambridge.
Throughout his life, says Sykes, Gavin “went to great lengths to obscure everything about himself.” He talked little of his time in America and when he died in 1977, Justin Welby – then a 21-year-old student — could not even provide the correct birth name and birth date on his death certificate, apparently unaware that he had been born a Weiler, that he had a sibling or had been married before. In interviews he has expressed anxiety over whether his father may have had other children he never disclosed.
Justin Welby, right, poses for photographers with his wife Caroline following the announcement he will become the next archbishop of Canterbury, Nov. 9, 2012. (photo credit: AP Photo/Matt Dunham)
The revelation that his father was born Jewish, therefore, was just one of many family surprises. According to Tim Welby, who now works for Canon White, the Archbishop was “interested,” but “it did not have a great deal of impact”. Another source familiar with the Archbishop’s thinking, who would only speak off the record, said that “he is thinking about it – he is a thoughtful man – but it would be hard enough for anyone to grapple with; as Archbishop of Canterbury he has no freedom to explore this.”
Nevertheless, he has expressed interest in visiting the grave of his great-grandmother Amalie – Bernard’s mother – in a Jewish cemetery in London, as well as meeting “new” cousins on his father’s side. One, who recently wrote to him, is a rabbi, “one of the senior teachers at a Jewish college in London,” he told The Jewish News .
Welby himself “found religion” relatively late in life. After graduating from Cambridge, he spent 11 years working as an executive in the oil industry, but retired in 1989 when he felt a calling from God to be ordained. This was six years after the death of his first-born daughter, Johanna, in a car crash in France – a tragedy which, he has said, “in a strange way… actually brought us closer to God” — and several years after he joined the Church of Holy Trinity in Brompton, London, a highly influential evangelical institution.
This affiliation as a conservative evangelical – much rarer in the UK than in America – helps explain why Archbishop Welby has always been perceived as “genuinely sensitive to Jews and Judaism. He sees them as integral to Christian formation,” says Ed Kessler, executive director of the Woolf Institute, Cambridge, and a leading expert in interfaith relations. “He is also open to Israel as a Jewish state. The concept of Zionism isn’t alien to him.”
Rowan Williams, the former Archbishop of Canterbury (photo credit: CC BY-SA Kimse/Wikimedia Commons)
His appointment as Archbishop of Canterbury, less than a year after he was first appointed a bishop, comes after a difficult period for the two faith groups. Welby’s predecessor, Rowan Williams, was knowledgeable about Judaism and keen on interfaith work — setting up a forum for dialogue with the Israeli chief rabbinate and forming a good relationship with British Chief Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks — but was perceived by the Jewish community as unsympathetic on Israel, reflecting a much more left-wing, liberal political and theological disposition. In 2006, he supported disinvestment from the Jewish state, provoking open criticism from Lord Sacks.
Last summer, the Church’s highest legislative body, the Synod, endorsed the Ecumenical Accompaniment Programme in Palestine and Israel (EAPPI), which brings international church members to the West Bank to “experience life under occupation,” to the open disgust of the British-Jewish leadership. Although Welby abstained at the time, he has since said he should have voted against, as the motion did not “adequately [reflect] the complexity” of the situation and the vote “clearly” damaged Jewish-Anglican relations – statements that were welcomed by the Jewish community.
In October 2012, the Board of Deputies of British Jews, the community’s representative organization, formally complained to the Church about the anti-Israel material posted online by one of its clergymen, Stephen Sizer. The parties are currently appointing mediators.
‘Welby’s Jewish background is not going to be his calling card when his meets with the Palestinian archbishops’
For all his influence, Archbishop Welby cannot control the votes of the Synod, nor is it clear where he stands on specific Israeli political issues, or how much of a priority Israel is going to be for him. Some say that his Jewish background could even be a disadvantage.
“It is not going to be his calling card when his meets with the Palestinian archbishops,” said one Jewish community leader wryly.
But if anyone can navigate these choppy political waters, it is Archbishop Welby. While Archbishop Williams was a sophisticated thinker who had difficulty communicating and connecting to the masses, Welby is a calm, practical peace-maker, who honed his skills as a facilitator and negotiator during his years in the corporate world.
Since his time in Coventry he has made it his mission to bring opposite parties together, taking to wearing the Cross of Nails, a symbol of Coventry Cathedral’s ministry of reconciliation.
During several years working in Africa for the Centre for Reconciliation (while Canon White concentrated on the Middle East), he negotiated with al-Qaeda terrorists and mediated between warring Christian and Muslim communities in Nigeria. On one of occasion, notes Sykes, he was kidnapped, but talked his own way out of the predicament.
“He reconciled himself,” she laughs.
His greatest task as Archbishop of Canterbury will be to avert schism within the Church over the consecration of women bishops (which he is for) and gay marriage (which he is against)
His greatest task as Archbishop of Canterbury will be to avert schism within the Church over the consecration of women bishops (which he is for) and gay marriage (which he is against).
When it comes to relations with the Jewish community and potential disagreements over the Middle East, says Rev Gifford, “he will want to see those strains released. He will find areas of commonality and be a good listener.
“He realizes that the issue of Israel-Palestine is very difficult between Christians and Jews and will see how we can still talk despite what’s going on. He has the empathy to listen to every side, and listens to people of faith – that’s where he will connect to them, as people of faith.”
And if he doesn’t succeed, the father-of-five can always retire to Israel – where, as a descendent of a Jewish father and grandfather, he is entitled to citizenship under the Law of Return. For an Archbishop of Canterbury, this is surely a first.
| 1970s |
Market Drayton and Church Stretton are towns in which English county? | The first 'Jewish' archbishop of Canterbury heads to Israel | The Times of Israel
Anglican Church
LONDON – The father of the new Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, kept many secrets. Gavin Welby never told his son that he had an estranged older sister, or a first wife. He never told him his real birthdate, or the name under which he was born. And, it has emerged, he never told him that he was born a Jew.
“He told lots of stories but one was never really sure what was true and what wasn’t,” Archbishop Justin told The Daily Telegraph , which broke the news to him just days after he was appointed head of the Church of England in November 2012. “He drank quite heavily and, you know, he would say things sometimes when he had been drinking and you did not know what was true or not.
“He wouldn’t talk about his family at all,” he said.
Naturally, the bombshell that the leader of 80 million Anglicans worldwide is a half-Jew has captured the imagination of Britain’s Jewish community. The Anglican Church, by contrast, has so far reacted apathetically, perhaps inured by previous examples of Jewish-Christian clerics such as Giles Fraser, until 2011 Canon Chancellor of St Paul’s Cathedral, who had a Jewish father; and Hugh Montefiore, a well-known bishop in the 1970s and ‘80s, who converted from Judaism in his teens.
But beyond the gossip element lie serious questions. Will Archbishop Justin be able to improve Jewish-Anglican relations, which have gone through a rocky patch over the last few months? And how will the revelations about his heritage affect his attitudes and worldviews?
With little track record to go on, observers are reluctant jump to any conclusions: “It’s very early days,” says Rev. David Gifford, CEO of the Council of Christians and Jews, noting that Welby was only installed in March.
Archbishop Welby, whose decade-long rise in the church is considered meteoric, has had limited experience working with Jewish groups, but activists speak positively of his relations with Jews in his former parishes and in the interfaith world.
They point to two hopeful early signs. The first is that the archbishop has chosen to visit Israel next week, which is considered very early in his tenure (he will also be visiting Egypt, the Palestinian territories and, briefly, Jordan). A visit to Yad Vashem may be particularly poignant as he recently discovered that he has relatives who perished in the Shoah. He will also engage with as-yet-unnamed “communities and leaders” and pay his respects to the patriarchs of the Jerusalem churches, in particular Jerusalem’s Anglican bishop, Suheil Duwani.
The Prince of Wales speaks with the Archbishop of Canterbury, The Most Reverend Justin Welby following his Enthronement at Canterbury Cathedral. (photo credit: AP Photo/Chris Ison, Pool)
The other is that, completely regardless of his Jewish background, he appears to have long had an affinity for, and interest in, Jewish issues and in Israel.
According to the philo-Semitic Canon Andrew White, “Israel has no fear with him, nor does the Jewish community. He’s a friend, not an enemy.”
In 2002, as the director of the International Centre for Reconciliation at Coventry Cathedral in England, Canon White asked Welby to join him on a trip to Israel to talk to other faith leaders about the peace process. Welby was then “just a normal vicar,” albeit “the best vicar I’d ever seen,” says White, who is nowadays famous as “the vicar of Baghdad” for his work in Iraq .
The hunch paid off.
“It was very obvious immediately that here in this man was someone who totally understood the need for reconciliation and what we were working for – trying to bring Israelis and Palestinians together,” White says. “So many in the church are so anti-Israel. He was really positive, and understood the history and negativity between Christians and Jews over the years. The biggest thing in my life is how to relate to Jewish people. He took that and understood it immediately, and that is when I decided I wanted this person to work with me.”
Within a year, Welby had become co-director at the International Centre for Reconciliation, and was also promoted to a position at Coventry Cathedral.
“It was his first senior appointment,” says Canon White. “It all started in Israel.”
‘It was very obvious immediately that here in this man was someone who totally understood the need for reconciliation and what we were working for – trying to bring Israelis and Palestinians together’
At that time, Welby’s Jewish heritage was a secret he was apparently not party to.
Laura Sykes, editor of the Lay Anglicana blog , started researching Welby’s family history when his name was first raised as a serious candidate for Archbishop of Canterbury last summer. According to her, Welby’s Jewish grandfather, Bernard Weiler, came to England from Germany in 1886, possibly to escape anti-Semitism. Together with three of his brothers, he set up a successful company trading in ostrich feathers, which were then a fashion item, and considered a particularly Jewish business.
In 1909, Bernard married London-born Edith James. On an overseas trip he described them both as “Hebrews” on the ship register, and Tim Welby, Archbishop Justin’s son, says she was Jewish. Sykes says that she has not managed to find their marriage certificate and that it is unlikely. (If she were a gentile, this would make the Archbishop a quarter- rather than half-Jewish.)
The couple settled down in the tony London neighbourhood of Hampstead with two children, Peggy and Gavin, changing their Germanic-sounding surname to Welby a month after Britain declared war on Germany in 1914. But at some point – either in 1914, when the value of feathers plummeted, or in 1929, in the stock market crash – they lost all their money.
In 1929, aged just 19, Gavin was sent to America to restore the family fortunes, which he promptly did, first by bootlegging alcohol with the Italian mafia during prohibition, and later by working as an import manager at a large alcohol company. But, with dark good looks and an English accent, he also took the opportunity to re-invent himself, entering into a short-lived marriage with a New Jersey heiress and becoming a fixture in Manhattan high society.
‘He is thinking about it – he is a thoughtful man – but it would be hard enough for anyone to grapple with; as Archbishop of Canterbury he has no freedom to explore this’
He introduced John F. Kennedy to one of his mistresses just weeks before he married Jacqueline Bouvier, while Gavin’s own romantic conquests over the years included JFK’s younger sister Patricia, socialite Doris Duke — known as “the world’s richest girl” — and, later in life, actress Vanessa Redgrave, to whom he was briefly engaged.
After World War II, in which he served in the British army in a non-combat role, he returned to Manhattan, giving himself a promotion to captain. He also seems to have invented a British aristocratic background.
Eventually he settled back in London, standing for Parliament but losing heavily, and marrying the non-Jewish Jane Portal, a former personal secretary to Winston Churchill, against the wishes of her parents. They divorced when Justin was three and the future Archbishop of Canterbury reportedly continued to live with his father, attending Britain’s top private school, Eton, and the University of Cambridge.
Throughout his life, says Sykes, Gavin “went to great lengths to obscure everything about himself.” He talked little of his time in America and when he died in 1977, Justin Welby – then a 21-year-old student — could not even provide the correct birth name and birth date on his death certificate, apparently unaware that he had been born a Weiler, that he had a sibling or had been married before. In interviews he has expressed anxiety over whether his father may have had other children he never disclosed.
Justin Welby, right, poses for photographers with his wife Caroline following the announcement he will become the next archbishop of Canterbury, Nov. 9, 2012. (photo credit: AP Photo/Matt Dunham)
The revelation that his father was born Jewish, therefore, was just one of many family surprises. According to Tim Welby, who now works for Canon White, the Archbishop was “interested,” but “it did not have a great deal of impact”. Another source familiar with the Archbishop’s thinking, who would only speak off the record, said that “he is thinking about it – he is a thoughtful man – but it would be hard enough for anyone to grapple with; as Archbishop of Canterbury he has no freedom to explore this.”
Nevertheless, he has expressed interest in visiting the grave of his great-grandmother Amalie – Bernard’s mother – in a Jewish cemetery in London, as well as meeting “new” cousins on his father’s side. One, who recently wrote to him, is a rabbi, “one of the senior teachers at a Jewish college in London,” he told The Jewish News .
Welby himself “found religion” relatively late in life. After graduating from Cambridge, he spent 11 years working as an executive in the oil industry, but retired in 1989 when he felt a calling from God to be ordained. This was six years after the death of his first-born daughter, Johanna, in a car crash in France – a tragedy which, he has said, “in a strange way… actually brought us closer to God” — and several years after he joined the Church of Holy Trinity in Brompton, London, a highly influential evangelical institution.
This affiliation as a conservative evangelical – much rarer in the UK than in America – helps explain why Archbishop Welby has always been perceived as “genuinely sensitive to Jews and Judaism. He sees them as integral to Christian formation,” says Ed Kessler, executive director of the Woolf Institute, Cambridge, and a leading expert in interfaith relations. “He is also open to Israel as a Jewish state. The concept of Zionism isn’t alien to him.”
Rowan Williams, the former Archbishop of Canterbury (photo credit: CC BY-SA Kimse/Wikimedia Commons)
His appointment as Archbishop of Canterbury, less than a year after he was first appointed a bishop, comes after a difficult period for the two faith groups. Welby’s predecessor, Rowan Williams, was knowledgeable about Judaism and keen on interfaith work — setting up a forum for dialogue with the Israeli chief rabbinate and forming a good relationship with British Chief Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks — but was perceived by the Jewish community as unsympathetic on Israel, reflecting a much more left-wing, liberal political and theological disposition. In 2006, he supported disinvestment from the Jewish state, provoking open criticism from Lord Sacks.
Last summer, the Church’s highest legislative body, the Synod, endorsed the Ecumenical Accompaniment Programme in Palestine and Israel (EAPPI), which brings international church members to the West Bank to “experience life under occupation,” to the open disgust of the British-Jewish leadership. Although Welby abstained at the time, he has since said he should have voted against, as the motion did not “adequately [reflect] the complexity” of the situation and the vote “clearly” damaged Jewish-Anglican relations – statements that were welcomed by the Jewish community.
In October 2012, the Board of Deputies of British Jews, the community’s representative organization, formally complained to the Church about the anti-Israel material posted online by one of its clergymen, Stephen Sizer. The parties are currently appointing mediators.
‘Welby’s Jewish background is not going to be his calling card when his meets with the Palestinian archbishops’
For all his influence, Archbishop Welby cannot control the votes of the Synod, nor is it clear where he stands on specific Israeli political issues, or how much of a priority Israel is going to be for him. Some say that his Jewish background could even be a disadvantage.
“It is not going to be his calling card when his meets with the Palestinian archbishops,” said one Jewish community leader wryly.
But if anyone can navigate these choppy political waters, it is Archbishop Welby. While Archbishop Williams was a sophisticated thinker who had difficulty communicating and connecting to the masses, Welby is a calm, practical peace-maker, who honed his skills as a facilitator and negotiator during his years in the corporate world.
Since his time in Coventry he has made it his mission to bring opposite parties together, taking to wearing the Cross of Nails, a symbol of Coventry Cathedral’s ministry of reconciliation.
During several years working in Africa for the Centre for Reconciliation (while Canon White concentrated on the Middle East), he negotiated with al-Qaeda terrorists and mediated between warring Christian and Muslim communities in Nigeria. On one of occasion, notes Sykes, he was kidnapped, but talked his own way out of the predicament.
“He reconciled himself,” she laughs.
His greatest task as Archbishop of Canterbury will be to avert schism within the Church over the consecration of women bishops (which he is for) and gay marriage (which he is against)
His greatest task as Archbishop of Canterbury will be to avert schism within the Church over the consecration of women bishops (which he is for) and gay marriage (which he is against).
When it comes to relations with the Jewish community and potential disagreements over the Middle East, says Rev Gifford, “he will want to see those strains released. He will find areas of commonality and be a good listener.
“He realizes that the issue of Israel-Palestine is very difficult between Christians and Jews and will see how we can still talk despite what’s going on. He has the empathy to listen to every side, and listens to people of faith – that’s where he will connect to them, as people of faith.”
And if he doesn’t succeed, the father-of-five can always retire to Israel – where, as a descendent of a Jewish father and grandfather, he is entitled to citizenship under the Law of Return. For an Archbishop of Canterbury, this is surely a first.
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Which Pope was inaugurated in 1978? | The Election of Pope John Paul II - 1978 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com
The Election of Pope John Paul II
The Election of Pope John Paul II
Published: 1978
Play Audio Archive Story - UPI
The Pope covers his ears to protect them from the deafening screams coming from Roman school boys and girls as he enters St. Peter's Basilica December 6, 1978 for his general audience. (UPI Photo/Luciano Mellace)
Edwin Smith: The stunning series of events within the Roman Catholic Church began innocuously enough on Saturday, August the 5th, with a brief announcement that Pope Paul VI was taking a few days' rest in bed because of arthritis in his knees. Then 24 hours later came a swift series of bulletins from the Vatican that he had suffered a heart attack, and two hours and ten minutes later that he was dead.
Thousands flocked to see Paul’s body lying in state at the summer palace at Castel Gandolfo, and hundreds of thousands more crammed St. Peter Square for his open-air funeral...
Unknown Speaker: "And now the procession begins to move back into the vast main gate of the Basilica. First, several priests bearing crosses and behind them the first of a file of more than 100 Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church will jointly have celebrated this requiem mass for Pope Paul VI."
Edwin Smith: Then the Cardinals were sealed up in the Vatican Palace to elect the new pope. Traditionally black smoke from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel is the signal that the voting is inconclusive and white smoke that a new pope has been elected. But when the chimney started pouring smoke on the Saturday evening, the setting sun shining through the smoke made it impossible to be sure what color it was, even for Vatican Radio...
Unknown Speaker: "Well for more than nine minutes, the smoke has been belching out of the chimney and everyone is trying to decide the color themselves, just as we are here watching on the television monitor and the people in the Square are doing the same; everyone is pointing and discussing things with one another. Some say white, some say base, some say black; but it seems to be black."
Edwin Smith: Senior Cardinal Deacon Paraguay Filliche put an end to the suspense with his announcement from the balcony that the Cardinals had elected Venice patriarch Albino Luciani to be Pope John Paul I. Although he was a theological conservative, the shy and smarting figure of John Paul I made an immediate popular impression with the crowd’s in the Square, and his popularity was still growing six weeks later when on Friday, September the 29th, the Vatican stunned the world again by announcing that John Paul had been found dead in his bed, again apparently from a heart attack. Once more the Cardinals converged on Rome for a second conclave, and they set the scene for the biggest surprise of all: Cardinal Filliche's announcement that this time they had elected as Supreme Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyla, the first non-Italian Pope in 455 years. His election set off great outpourings of joy, both in his native Poland and among the large communities of Polish-Americans in the United States, like Mrs. Jenny Wolshek of North Royalton, Ohio, who came to Rome for his inauguration …
Ms. Jenny Wolshek: "I think he's a people’s pope, and he is very concerned about all the people. And he took the time and he took the energy to walk all the way up the aisle and all the way back down again and touch as many people as he possibly could, and this is the first pope that I've seen do that."
Edwin Smith: The new Polish pope quickly set about establishing his own style, journeying about Italy by helicopter and adding his voice to that of President Carter in defense of human rights. At the year’s end, he was hinting broadly that he would return to Poland next May as the first Pope ever to visit a Communist country.
Edwin Smith for Recap 78.
| Pope John Paul II |
Who was ‘The voice of the soccer results’, who passed away in August 2014, aged 78? | Biographical Profile of John Paul II
KAROL J�ZEF WOJTYŁA, elected Pope on 16 October 1978, was
born in Wadowice, Poland, on 18 May 1920.
He was the third of three children born to Karol Wojtyła and Emilia
Kaczorowska, who died in 1929. His elder brother Edmund, a
physician, died in 1932, and his father, Karol, a non-commissioned
officer in the army, died in 1941.
He was nine years old when he received his First Communion and
eighteen when he received the Sacrament of Confirmation. After
completing high school in Wadowice, he enrolled in the Jagellonian
University of Krakow in 1938.
When the occupying Nazi forces closed the University in 1939,
Karol worked (1940-1944) in a quarry and then in the Solvay
chemical factory to earn a living and to avoid deportation to Germany.
Feeling called to the priesthood, he began his studies in 1942 in
the clandestine major seminary of Krakow, directed by the Archbishop
Adam Stefan Sapieha. During that time, he was one of the organizers
of the "Rhapsodic Theatre", which was also clandestine.
After the war, Karol continued his studies in the major seminary,
newly reopened, and in the school of theology at the Jagellonian
University, until his priestly ordination in Krakow on 1 November
1946. Father Wojtyła was then sent by Cardinal Sapieha to Rome,
where he attained a doctorate in theology (1948). He wrote his
dissertation on faith as understood in the works of Saint John of
the Cross. While a student in Rome, he spent his vacations
exercising pastoral ministry among Polish emigrants in France,
Belgium and Holland.
In 1948, Father Wojtyła returned to Poland and was appointed a
curate in the parish church of Niegowić, near Krakow, and later at
Saint Florian in the city. He was a university chaplain until 1951,
when he again undertook studies in philosophy and theology. In
1953, Father Wojtyła presented a dissertation at the Jagellonian
University of Krakow on the possibility of grounding a Christian
ethic on the ethical system developed by Max Scheler. Later he
became professor of moral theology and ethics in the major
seminary of Krakow and in the theology faculty of Lublin.
On 4 July 1958, Pope Pius XII appointed Father Wojtyła auxiliary
bishop of Krakow, with the titular see of Ombi. Archbishop
Eugeniusz Baziak ordained him in Wawel Cathedral (Krakow)
on 28 September 1958.
On 13 January 1964, Pope Paul VI appointed Bishop Wojtyła as
Archbishop of Krakow and subsequently, on 26 June 1967, created
him a Cardinal.
Bishop Wojtyła took part in the Second Vatican Council (1962-
1965) and made a significant contribution to the drafting of the
Constitution Gaudium et Spes. He also took part in the five assemblies
of the Synod of Bishops prior to the start of his Pontificate.
On 16 October 1978, Cardinal Wojtyła was elected Pope and on 22
October he began his ministry as universal Pastor of the Church.
Pope John Paul II made 146 pastoral visits in Italy and, as the Bishop
of Rome, he visited 317 of the current 322 Roman parishes. His
international apostolic journeys numbered 104 and were expressions
of the constant pastoral solicitude of the Successor of Peter for
all the Churches.
His principal documents include 14 Encyclicals, 15 Apostolic
Exhortations, 11 Apostolic Constitutions and 45 Apostolic Letters.
He also wrote five books: Crossing the Threshold of Hope (October
1994); Gift and Mystery: On the Fiftieth Anniversary of My Priestly
Ordination (November 1996); Roman Triptych, meditations in
poetry (March 2003); Rise, Let Us Be on Our Way (May 2004)
and Memory and Identity (February 2005).
Pope John Paul II celebrated 147 beatifications, during which he
proclaimed 1,338 blesseds, and 51 canonizations, for a total of 482
saints. He called 9 consistories, in which he created 231 Cardinals
(plus one in pectore). He also presided at 6 plenary meetings of the
College of Cardinals.
From 1978, Pope John Paul II convoked 15 assemblies of the Synod
of Bishops: 6 ordinary general sessions (1980, 1983, 1987, 1990,
1994 and 2001), 1 extraordinary general session (1985) and 8
special sessions (1980, 1991,1994,1995,1997,1998 (2) and 1999).
On 3 May 1981, an attempt was made on Pope John Paul II's life
in Saint Peter's Square. Saved by the maternal hand of the Mother
of God, following a lengthy stay in the hospital, he forgave the
attempted assassin and, aware of having received a great gift,
intensified his pastoral commitments with heroic generosity.
Pope John Paul II also demonstrated his pastoral concern by
erecting numerous dioceses and ecclesiastical circumscriptions,
and by promulgating Codes of Canon Law for the Latin and the
Oriental Churches, as well as the Catechism of the Catholic Church.
He proclaimed the Year of Redemption, the Marian Year and the
Year of the Eucharist as well as the Great Jubilee Year of 2000,
in order to provide the People of God with particularly intense spiritual
experiences. He also attracted young people by beginning the
celebration of World Youth Day.
No other Pope met as many people as Pope John Paul II. More
than 17.6 million pilgrims attended his Wednesday General Audiences
(which numbered over 1,160). This does not include any of
the other special audiences and religious ceremonies (more than 8
million pilgrims in the Great Jubilee Year of 2000 alone). He met
millions of the faithful in the course of his pastoral visits in Italy
and throughout the world. He also received numerous government
officials in audience, including 38 official visits and 738 audiences
and meetings with Heads of State, as well as 246 audiences and
meetings with Prime Ministers.
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What is the name of the biological study of fungi in all its forms? | fungus | biology | Britannica.com
biology
Ascomycota
Fungus, plural fungi, any of about 99,000 known species of organisms of the kingdom Fungi, which includes the yeasts , rusts , smuts , mildews , molds , and mushrooms . There are also many funguslike organisms, including slime molds and oomycetes (water molds), that do not belong to kingdom Fungi but are often called fungi. Many of these funguslike organisms are included in the kingdom Chromista. Fungi are among the most widely distributed organisms on Earth and are of great environmental and medical importance. Many fungi are free-living in soil or water; others form parasitic or symbiotic relationships with plants or animals.
Panther cap mushrooms (Amanita pantherina). Closely related to the death cap mushroom …
© asfloro/Fotolia
Toxic fruiting bodies of the fungus Podostroma cornu-damae. The fungus can be confused with …
Image Republic Inc./Alamy
Artist’s conk (Ganoderma applanatum), a bracket fungi. Distributed worldwide, the artist’s …
Eric Steinert
The fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) is a poisonous fungus.
Sven Samelius
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms; i.e., their cells contain membrane-bound organelles and clearly defined nuclei. Historically, fungi were included in the plant kingdom; however, because fungi lack chlorophyll and are distinguished by unique structural and physiological features (i.e., components of the cell wall and cell membrane), they have been separated from plants. In addition, fungi are clearly distinguished from all other living organisms, including animals, by their principal modes of vegetative growth and nutrient intake. Fungi grow from the tips of filaments (hyphae) that make up the bodies of the organisms ( mycelia ), and they digest organic matter externally before absorbing it into their mycelia.
Learn about the important characteristics that distinguish fungi from plants and animals.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
While mushrooms and toadstools (poisonous mushrooms) are by no means the most numerous or economically significant fungi, they are the most easily recognized. The Latin word for mushroom, fungus (plural fungi), has come to stand for the whole group. Similarly, the study of fungi is known as mycology —a broad application of the Greek word for mushroom, mykēs. Fungi other than mushrooms are sometimes collectively called molds, although this term is better restricted to fungi of the sort represented by bread mold . (For information about slime molds, which exhibit features of both the animal and the fungal worlds, see protist .)
Edible porcini mushrooms (Boletus edulis). Porcini mushrooms are widely distributed in the …
© Henk Bentlage/Fotolia
algae
Humans have been indirectly aware of fungi since the first loaf of leavened bread was baked and the first tub of grape must was turned into wine . Ancient peoples were familiar with the ravages of fungi in agriculture but attributed these diseases to the wrath of the gods. The Romans designated a particular deity, Robigus, as the god of rust and, in an effort to appease him, organized an annual festival, the Robigalia , in his honour.
Fungi are everywhere in very large numbers—in the soil and the air , in lakes, rivers, and seas, on and within plants and animals, in food and clothing, and in the human body. Together with bacteria , fungi are responsible for breaking down organic matter and releasing carbon , oxygen , nitrogen , and phosphorus into the soil and the atmosphere. Fungi are essential to many household and industrial processes, notably the making of bread, wine, beer , and certain cheeses . Fungi are also used as food; for example, some mushrooms, morels , and truffles are epicurean delicacies, and mycoproteins (fungal proteins ), derived from the mycelia of certain species of fungi, are used to make foods that are high in protein.
The role of fungi in the decomposition of forest litter.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Bacteria, Mold, and Lichen: Fact or Fiction?
Studies of fungi have greatly contributed to the accumulation of fundamental knowledge in biology . For example, studies of ordinary baker’s or brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) led to discoveries of basic cellular biochemistry and metabolism . Some of these pioneering discoveries were made at the end of the 19th century and continued during the first half of the 20th century. From 1920 through the 1940s, geneticists and biochemists who studied mutants of the red bread mold, Neurospora, established the one- gene –one-enzyme theory, thus contributing to the foundation of modern genetics . Fungi continue to be useful for studying cell and molecular biology , genetic engineering , and other basic disciplines of biology.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a type of budding yeast, is able to ferment …
A to Z Botanical Collection/EB Inc.
Britannica Stories
Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent
The medical relevance of fungi was discovered in 1928, when Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming noticed the green mold Penicillium notatum growing in a culture dish of Staphylococcus bacteria. Around the spot of mold was a clear ring in which no bacteria grew. Fleming successfully isolated the substance from the mold that inhibited the growth of bacteria. In 1929 he published a scientific report announcing the discovery of penicillin , the first of a series of antibiotics —many of them derived from fungi—that have revolutionized medical practice .
Penicillium, a genus of green mold, attacks many fruits and is the …
Walter Dawn
Another medically important fungus is Claviceps purpurea, which is commonly called ergot and causes a plant disease of the same name. The disease is characterized by a growth that develops on grasses , especially on rye . Ergot is a source of several chemicals used in drugs that induce labour in pregnant women and that control hemorrhage after birth. Ergot is also the source of lysergic acid , the active principle of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD ). Other species of fungi contain chemicals that are extracted and used to produce drugs known as statins, which control cholesterol levels and ward off coronary heart disease . Fungi are also used in the production of a number of organic acids , enzymes , and vitamins .
Wheat infected by ergot (Claviceps purpurea). This fungus is also the source of lysergic …
burgkirsch
Form and function of fungi
Size range
The mushrooms, because of their size, are easily seen in fields and forests and consequently were the only fungi known before the invention of the microscope in the 17th century. The microscope made it possible to recognize and identify the great variety of fungal species living on dead or live organic matter. The part of a fungus that is generally visible is the fruiting body, or sporophore . Sporophores vary greatly in size, shape, colour, and longevity. Some are microscopic and completely invisible to the unaided eye; others are no larger than a pin head; still others are gigantic structures. Among the largest sporophores are those of mushrooms, bracket fungi , and puffballs . Some mushrooms reach a diameter of 20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 inches) and a height of 25 to 30 cm (10 to 12 inches). Bracket, or shelf, fungi can reach 40 cm (16 inches) or more in diameter. A specimen of the bracket fungus Fomitiporia ellipsoidea discovered in 2010 on Hainan Island in southern China had a fruiting body measuring 10.8 metres (35.4 feet) in length and 82–88 cm (2.7–2.9 feet) in width. It may have held some 450 million spores and weighed an estimated 400–500 kg (882–1,102 pounds), at the time making it the largest fungal fruiting body ever documented. Puffballs also can grow to impressive sizes. The largest puffballs on record measured 150 cm (5 feet) in diameter. The number of spores within such giants reaches several trillion.
Bracket fungi, which grow on tree trunks, are among some of the largest fungi. Some species may …
H.S. Knighton
| Mycology |
The science and study of most aspects of wine and winemaking is known as what? | Kingdom Fungi | Classification, Kingdom Fungi Characteristics | [email protected]
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Kingdom Fungi
The organisms in kingdom fungi include mushrooms, yeasts, molds, rusts, smuts, puffballs, truffles, morels, and molds. More than 70,000 species of fungi have been identified. The fungi constitute and independent group to that of plants and animals. They live everywhere in air, in water, on land, in soil, and on or in plants and animals. Some fungi are microscopic and other extend for more than a thousand acres. Mycology is a discipline of biology which deals with the study of fungi. Fungi appear like plants but are closely related to animals. Fungi are not capable of producing their own food,so they get their nourishment from other sources. Fungi are in a wide variety of sizes and forms and have great economic importance.
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Fungi show a great diversity in morphology and habitat. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms, they obtain their nutrients by absorption. The cell wall of fungi are mostly made up of carbohydrate chitin, while the cell wall in plants is made of cellulose. The carbohydrates stored in fungi is in the form of glycogen. The 'fruit' body of fungus is only seen, while the living body of the fungus is a mycelium, it is made of tiny filaments called hyphae. The mycelium is hidden., Nutrition in fungi is by absorbing nutrients from the organic material in which they live. Fungi do not have stomachs, they digest their food before it pass through the cell wall into the hyphae. The hyphae secrets enzymes and acids that break down the organic material into simple compounds.
Kingdom Fungi Characteristics
General characteristics of fungi are as follows:
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms.
They reproduce by means of spores.
Depending on the species and conditions both sexual and asexual spores may be produced.
They are typically non-motile.
Fungi exhibit the phenomenon of alteration of generation.
The vegetative body of the fungi may be unicellular or composed of microscopic threads called hyphae.
The structure of cell wall is similar to plants but chemically the fungi cell wall are composed of chitin.
Fungi are heterotrophic organisms.
They fungi digest the food first and then ingest the food, to accomplish this the fungi produce exoenzymes.
Fungi store their food as starch.
Biosynthesis of chitin occurs in fungi.
The nuclei of the fungi is very small.
During mitosis the nuclear envelope is not dissolved.
Nutrition in fungi - they are saprophytes, or parasites or symbionts.
Reproduction in fungi is both by sexual and asexual means. Sexual state is referred to as teleomorph, asexual state is referred to as anamorph.
Kingdom Fungi Classification
Based on the spore case in which the spores are produced fungi are classified into four divisions.
Division Ascomycota: Sac Fungi
The sac-fungi produce spores in small cup-shaped sacs called asci, hence the name ascomycota. The mature sac fungi spores are known as ascospores, they are released at the tip of the ascus breaks open. Yeast is the most common one-celled fungi. Yeast reproduces through asexual process called budding. The buds form at the side of the parent cell, they pinch-off and grow into new yeast cell which is identical to the parent cell. Examples of sac-fungi are morels, truffles, cup fungi and powdery mildews. Example: Aspergillus, Claviceps, Neurospora.
Division Basidiomycota: Club Fungi
Basidiomycota includes the mushrooms, puff-balls, smuts, rusts and toadstools. The spores are borne on a club-shaped spore case called basidium. In mushrooms the basidia are lined at the gills under the cap. Huge numbers of spores are produced by the club fungi. In fact, an average sized mushroom produces over 16 billion spores. These spores rarely germinate or mature. Example: Agaricus(mushroom), Ustilago(smut), and Puccinia(rust fungus).
Division Zygomycota: Zygote forming Fungi
These fungi are usually found on cheese, bread, and other decaying food. They are zygote forming fungi, hence the name zygomycota. The spores are produced in round-shaped case called sporangium. The grayish fuzz seen on bread and decaying food is actually mass of mature sporangia mold. Under the microscope they are seen as pinheads. When the sporangium breaks open hundreds of spores are released. Example: Mucor, Rhizopus (the bread mould) and Albugo.
Division Deuteromycota: Imperfect Fungi
These organisms are known as imperfect fungi because they lack sexual reproduction. They reproduce by asexual spores known as conidia. Most of the fungi causes diseases to humans like ringworm, athlete's foot. Economically important imperfect fungi are Penicillium and Aspergillus. Other examples are Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma.
Kingdom Fungi Examples
Some of the examples of kingdom fungi are as follows:
Sac-fungi : Agaricus (mushroom), Ustilago (smut), and Puccinia (rust fungus).
Zygote-forming fungi : Mucor, Rhizopus (the bread mould) and Albugo.
Club fungi: Agaricus (mushroom), Ustilago (smut), and Puccinia (rust fungus).
Imperfect fungi: Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma.
Members of the Kingdom Fungi
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What type of fish is used in the Scottish dish ‘Cullen Skink’? | Cullen Skink Soup Recipe - Smoked Haddock Chowder
Salt and pepper
25g butter
Use discount code SR1601 at checkout for 10% off & free delivery on orders with a subtotal over £30 at online butcher Donald Russell , cannot be used with any other discount codes and will not apply to half price steak selections.
The Drummer Boy
is my latest novel about the ghost of a Gordon Highlander Drummer Boy from the Battle of Waterloo who haunts a modern day army nurse.
Chapters take place in modern day Aberdeen, at the Noose & Monkey bar and restaurant as well as His Majesty�s Theatre and Garthdee. Other scenes take place at Tidworth and during the Napoleonic War.
Read the first three chapters for free
on most devices.
The book Scots Cooking: The Best Traditional and Contemporary Scottish Recipes by Sue Lawrence suggests using Jerusalem artichokes instead of potatoes for a delicious alternative. She also suggests using undyed smoked haddock fillets in Cullen Skink recipes.
Cullen Skink Soup
1. Skin the smoked haddock and cover with just enough boiled water to cover it.
2. Bring to the boil and then add the chopped onion.
3. Remove the haddock once it's cooked and remove the bones. Remove the head and tail.
4. Break up the fish into a dish and replace the bones into the pot and boil for one hour.
5. Strain the stock and put back to the boil. Boil the milk in a separate pot and then add to the stock along with the fish.
6. Add the salt and boil for several minutes then add the mashed tatties until you get a nice consistency.
7. Add the butter and pepper and serve.
8. Alternatively Buy Cullen Skink and have it delivered to your door . Use discount code sr1501 at checkout for 10% off & free delivery on orders with a subtotal over £30, cannot be used with any other discount codes and will not apply to half price steak selections.
If you like our Traditional Scottish Recipes and would like to easily share them with your friends and family please use the social networking buttons below:
Nick Nairn's New Scottish Cookery
has a traditional Cullen Skink soup recipe. Nick Nairn recommends using top quality and undyed smoked haddock for a better flavour. He further advises not freezing it because of the cream content.
The Cullen Skink soup recipe used at the cafe in Crathes Castle, Aberdeenshire can be found in the National Trust for Scotland book The Scottish Kitchen by Christopher Trotter. It also has the Crathes Castle Cullen Skink Tart recipe which was created by their chef Alison Mitchell in their wonderful cafe.
Scots Cooking: The Best Traditional and Contemporary Scottish Recipes by Sue Lawrence has a Cullen Skink Tart recipe that she adapted after watching Derek the pie man at Alan McPherson's bakery make Cullen Skink pies.
by Si King and Dave Myers has a tasty recipe for cullen skink soup which uses additional ingredients such as leeks, fennel bulbs, white wine, shallots, garlic cloves and double cream
Cullen Skink World Championship
Cullen saw the first ever Cullen Skink World Championship in July 2012 on the same weekend as its Summer Festival. Cooks from all over are being urged to enter this inaugural competition.
Simon Tucker, Vice-Chair of the Cullen Voluntary Tourist Initiative, commented:
There is only one place in the world that can hold this championship - and that is here. The Tourist Initiative has discussed such a competition many times, but I am absolutely delighted to announce that the championship has now got off the ground, and will be an annual event from now on. There is no reason why this Championship cannot achieve the same scale and prestige as the World Porridge Championship in Carrbridge.
The Cullen Skink World Championship title will be awarded to the competitor producing the best traditional Cullen Skink, made from fresh, local produce. It must be made with smoked haddock; each entrant will be asked to submit a recipe and their method of cooking this special dish. From this, the judges will choose 6 finalists to take part in the cook-off.
Zillah Jamieson, Chair of the Cullen Voluntary Tourist Initiative, added:
The Cullen Summer Festival this year is going to be even bigger than last year. The Festival is being organised by a number of community groups, and we hope that we are going to dish up a real mixture of events and entertainment which will appeal to all ages. There could therefore be only one date for this championship - and we hope that all eyes will be on here that weekend.
The rules of the competition and an entry form will be available on www.discovercullen.com They will also be available from the local Paper Shop, the Tourist Office and the Cullen Bay Hotel.
Cullen
The tastiest place to try the best Cullen Skink soup is Ellen's Fish and Chip Shop in the village of Cullen on the main street. Ellen took the best 10 recipes for Cullen Skink from the local area and devised her own take away version. At only �1.50 it is great value and is lovely and thick with the freshest ingredients and has a lovely creamy taste.
Second place goes to Zanres restaurant in Peterhead where you get a huge bowl full and a fresh hot roll for under �5. The portion will satisfy the hungriest of appetites.
Cullen Skink Tart
Cullen Skink tart was a recipe on the Channel 4 television programme Come Dine With Me on Friday 21 November 2008. This edition of Come Dine With Me was from Aberdeen and another of the dinner party hosts cooked Cullen soup and used carnation milk which she said was a Shetland tradition.
The Pennan Inn Cullen Skink soup recipe, as given to Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond can be read in Taste Ye Back: Great Scots and the Food That Made Them.
A simpler and plainer Cullen Skink recipe, recommended for people recovering from an illness can also be found in Taste Ye Back: Great Scots and the Food That Made Them.
In the 2007 TV programme The Restaurant with top chef Raymond Blanc the contestants were given the task of cooking eels. Scottish contestants Grant and Laura who ran a Scotland French restaurant during the reality television program cooked a Scots Cullen Skink with the eel replacing the haddock ingredient.
Local Food Heroes
In September 2007 Downies of Whitehills in Aberdeenshire, Scotland was short listed for their handmade cullen skink soup which is made from local Aberdeenshire ingredients. The Downies luxury cullen skink was nominated for the Local Food Heroes category of the Quality Food Awards 2007.
The smoked haddock soup was created by one of the partners of Downies, Mr Alan Downie, own dish.
| Haddock |
In the popular folk song, from which port did the Irish Rover set sail? | Cullen Skink | BBC Good Food
BBC Good Food
Recipes
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Serves 4
A tasty and satisfying soup from the Moray area of Scotland.
This recipe has been submitted by the Good Food community. Sign in or create a My Good Food account to upload your own recipe creations. Please note that all recipes will be moderated but they are not tested in the Good Food kitchen.
2 medium potatoes, peeled and cut into 1cm cubes
300ml water
salt and pepper to taste
2 tablespoons finely chopped parsley or chives
Method
Melt butter in a saucepan over medium heat, then add onion and fry gently until transparent. Cook for about 5 minutes but do not allow to brown.
Add potatoes and water and bring to boil. Simmer for 10-15 minutes.
Meanwhile in another pan, cover the haddock with the milk and cook gently for about five minutes until just tender. Remove from the milk and, when cool enough to touch, flake gently into large pieces, removing bones.
Add milk and flaked fish to saucepan containing potatoes and other ingredients and cook for a further 5 minutes. Season with salt and pepper and sprinkle with chopped parsley.
Serve with crusty bread and butter.
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What was the first name of Regency fashion icon Beau Brummell? | Regency History: The rise and fall of Beau Brummell (1778-1840)
The rise and fall of Beau Brummell (1778-1840)
by
from The History of White's
by Hon Algernon Bourke (1892)
Profile
George "Beau" Brummell (7 June 1778 - 30 March 1840) was a Regency dandy and fashion leader, famous for his elegant dress, his witty remarks and his friendship with George, Prince of Wales, the future George IV.
From Downing Street to Eton
George Bryan Brummell, famously nicknamed “Beau”, was born on 7 June 1778, the younger son of Billy Brummell and Mary Richardson. He was born in Downing Street, where his father worked as private secretary to Lord North. In 1783, Billy Brummell retired from politics and bought an estate, Donnington Grove in Berkshire.
In 1786, Brummell was sent to Eton with his elder brother, William. They were Oppidans or fee-paying boys and boarded with Dame Young. Brummell mingled with the aristocracy, becoming known for his gentlemanly manners and ready wit, which kept him out of trouble. He developed an interest in dress and his elegant bearing earned him the nickname Buck Brummell.
A grand inheritance
When Brummell’s father died in 1794, he left his estate to be shared equally between his three children, rather than the whole going to his eldest son. The estate, valued at around £60,000, was to be held in trust until the children came of age. This was a huge fortune, equivalent to more than £5 million today using the retail price index, and more like £70 million when relative earnings are taken into account.(1)
The Hussars
Brummell went up to Oriel College, Oxford, in May 1794, but after just one term, he asked his father’s executors for a commission in the army. He became a cornet in the 10th Light Dragoons – the Prince of Wales ’ own regiment. The dragoons wore elaborate uniforms and liked to be known as Hussars. They were disorderly, hard drinking and known for their lack of morality, and included many of the Prince of Wales’ set, of which Brummell soon became an important member.
Brummell obtained promotion to lieutenant in 1795 and then captain in 1796, and with each promotion came a new, and grander, uniform. But life in the army had its costs. A fall, or possibly a kick, from his horse broke his nose, damaging his classic profile.
Brummell and the Prince
from Memoirs of George IV
by Robert Huish (1830)
It seems incredible that a non-aristocratic boy of sixteen should be accepted into the Prince’s own regiment and then into his circle of intimate friends. How Brummell first came to the Prince’s notice is not known, but it seems likely that it was his wit and dress sense that attracted the Prince, probably while Brummell was still at Eton.
Brummell supported the Prince at his wedding to Princess Caroline in 1795; he was also one of the drunken companions whom she accused of ruining her honeymoon.
When the regiment were ordered to Manchester in 1798, Brummell sold out, anxious not to lose his position of influence with the Prince. The following year, he came into his inheritance. He was now a man of means and meant to make his mark.
Beau Brummell the dandy
Brummell moved into 4 Chesterfield Street in 1799 and determined to become the best dressed gentleman in London. His levées became events of great importance as gentlemen, including the Prince of Wales, came to see how he dressed. It was around 1800, after Brummell’s first season in London, that he acquired the nickname Beau.
His style was understated elegance, with a limited palette of colours, rather than the gaudy finery of the Georgian gentleman. He was famous for the intricate folds of his neck cloth and the Bath coating material of his blue jacket. He patronized a variety of tailors so that no one could say that they made him famous.
Brummell rules the ton
For many years, it was Brummell’s opinion that mattered. It was he who influenced who should be given vouchers for Almack’s . He could bring someone into fashion by showing them favour or put someone out of fashion by cutting them.
He was a member of Whites, Brooks and Watiers. A bow window in his club at White’s became known as the Beau window because that was where Brummell liked to sit. He was the perpetual president of Watiers which was established to provide better suppers to the gentlemen who ate in their clubs.
The bow window at White's
from The History of White's
by Hon Algernon Bourke (1892)
Brummell’s lady friends
Though he flirted prolifically, Brummell’s affections were rarely engaged. Brummel’s first love was reputedly Julia Storer, later Julia Johnstone, who became a famous courtesan.
He was particular friends with Lady Hester Stanhope, the eccentric bluestocking; Lady Elizabeth Howard, Duchess of Rutland, until his rudeness alienated her; and the Duchess of Devonshire who wrote poems for his collection.
But his closest lady friend was Frederica, Duchess of York. He loved her unstructured house parties at Oatlands and shared her love of animals. He gave her a dog, Fidélité; she sent him gifts in exile, including a comfy chair. One of the few items in Brummell’s possession at his death was a miniature of Princess Frederica’s left eye. This suggests a level of intimacy that can only be guessed at. Brummell claimed it was out of respect for promises to the Princess that he refused to publish his memoirs even when he was desperate for money.
Frederica, Duchess of York
from A Biographical Memoir of Frederick,
Duke of York and Albany
by John Watkins (1827)
Brummell’s downfall
Brummell was famous for his wit, but infamous for his rudeness. It was this rudeness which eventually cost him the Prince of Wales’ regard. “Alvanley, who’s your fat friend?”(2) he asked, referring to the Prince.
Brummell ran up debts through his extravagance, but also through his heavy gambling losses. He was continually borrowing money, but matters came to a head when a man named Richard Meyler discovered that Brummell was going to renege on his debt to him. He sat in White’s and told all who came of Brummell’s infamous conduct. He was, effectively, asking him out. Meyler became known as Dick the Dandy-killer.
Escape to Calais
On 18 May 1816, Brummell fled. He travelled through the night to Dover and on to Calais, which was as far as he could go without a passport. He stayed at Dessin’s Hotel and entertained in his apartments whilst learning French and writing his memoirs.
Brummell had escaped his debts, but he could not escape the reality that he was ill. He probably acquired the habit of visiting prostitutes whilst in the army, and at some point, late in his time in London, he was infected with syphilis.
Before he died in 1830, George IV made Brummell the British consul in Caen. The salary enabled him to start paying off the debts he had already accumulated in Calais. He celebrated his freedom in Paris before taking up his post.
Consul in Caen
In Caen, he lodged with Madame de St Ursain and fell in love with her teenage daughter, Aimable. By now, he was suffering from terrible headaches and depression from the progression of his illness.
But his position as consul did not last and when the post was abolished in 1832, his debts became pressing and he had to hide to escape the bailiffs.
That summer, Brummell suffered a temporary paralysis. His letters to Aimable were discovered and her furious mother evicted him from his lodgings. When she was sent to England, Brummell gave her his album – poems that he had collected from his friends.
Brummell as an old man
from The History of White's
by Hon Algernon Bourke (1892)
Decline and death
On 4 May 1835, Brummell was arrested for the money he owed to Leleux, the owner of Dessin’s Hotel in Calais. George Armstrong, a Caen grocer, agreed to travel to England to seek pecuniary help on Brummell’s behalf. Brummell was awarded compensation for the loss of the consulship and was duly released from prison on 21 July 1835.
Brummell struggled on as the syphilis took its course. He was increasingly in pain, delusional, depressed and subject to seizures and eventually insanity. In January 1839, he was transferred to an asylum where he died on 30 March 1840. His death went virtually unnoticed in England where he had ruled as king of the ton for so long.
Read more about Beau Brummell - 30 quotes and anecdotes.
Notes
| George |
What was the first name of Mr. Bond, elder brother of the fictional James? | 1000+ images about Era: Regency on Pinterest | Coats, Regency era and Metropolitan museum
Forward
Beau Brummell, was the arbiter of men's fashion in Regency England and a friend of the Prince Regent, the future King George IV. He established the mode of men wearing understated, but fitted, tailored clothes including dark suits and full-length trousers, adorned with an elaborately knotted cravat. (wikipedia)
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In the 1970s, ‘I Can’t Let Maggie Go’ was the soundtrack for an ad for which product? | TV Ads, Commercials and Music
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B&Q .. Bananarama and Fun Boy Three; It Ain't What You Do It's The Way That You Do It 2008 watch
B&Q .. Cole Porter; Let's Do It (Let's Fall In Love) 2007
B&Q Sale .. Slim Smith & The Uniques: Build My World Around You 2007
Bacardi - Together Manifesto .. Islands; Switched On 2011 watch
Bacardi Island .. Sao Benitez; Danca Loco 2010 watch
Bacardi Mojito .. Kidda Under The Sun 2008 watch
Bacardi Made 2 Mix Rum .. Max Sedgley: Happy (Make You Happy) 2007
Bacardi .. D4: Get Loose 2006
Bacardi .. Primal Scream: Movin' On Up 2006
Baileys Irish Cream - Hazelnut .. The Rumble Strips: Girls and Boys in Love 2010 watch
Baileys Irish Cream - with Ice .. Macy Gray; Come Together 2010 DL
Baileys Irish Cream .. Elana Drago; Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow 2009 watch
Baileys Irish Cream .. Ray Charles; The Night Time Is The Right Time 2009 watch
Baileys Irish Cream .. Billy Byrd and His Penguins; Boom Pacha Boom 2007
Baileys Irish Cream .. Carmen Miranda; Chica Chica Boom Chic 2007
Baileys Float .. 4 Hero: Les Fleur 2004
Baileys .. Blondie: 'One Way or Another' 2000
Ballygowan .. Paula Flynn: Let's Dance 2007
Ballygowan .. T Rex: Cosmic Dancer 2006
Bank Of Scotland .. Lloyd Cole & The Commotions: Lost Weekend 2007
Barclays Pingit .. Metronomy; The Look 2012 watch
Barclays Offset Mortgage - Hourglass .. Jacques Offenbach Arr: Keith J Blainville; Barcarolle 2011 watch
Barclaycard City Rollercoaster .. Petula Clark; Downtown 2011 watch
Barclays .. Offenbach; Barcarolle from The Tales of Hoffmann 2011 watch
Barclays .. Dead or Alive; You Spin Me Round 2010 listen
Barclaycard - Freedom .. Booker T and The MGs; Green Onions 2010 listen
Barclaycard Contactless - rollercoaster .. Boston; More Than A Feeling 2010 watch
Barclaycard .. Whitey; Non Stop 2008
Barnardos Turn Around .. Bat For Lashes; Moon and Moon 2009 watch
BASF .. Sol Seppy: Wonderland 2007
Baxters - No One Makes Soup Like .. Frightened Rabbit; Swim Until You Cant See Land 2011 watch
BBC 5LIve - New Football Season .. U2; Where The Streets Have No Name 2010 listen
BBC Luther Theme Music .. Massive Attack; Paradise Circus 2010 listen
BBC Man on Wire Trailer .. Satie; Gymnopedie No 1 2009
BBC Occupation Trailer .. Grizzly Bear; Deep Blue Sea 2009
BBC Films: The Damned United .. Glasvegas; Geraldine 2009 watch
BBC Films: The Damned United .. Edgar Winter Group; Free Ride 2009 watch
BBC Sport 2009 .. Hives; Tick Tick Boom 2009
BBC Christmas promotion . . Badly Drawn Boy; Donna and Blitzen 2008 watch
BBC HD .. Saliva Ladies and Gentlemen 2008 watch
BBC Eastenders: Jacksons .. Jackson Five I Want You Back 2008
BBC Animal Rescue .. Deva Premal & Miten; Through The Eyes Of An Angel 2008
BBC Eastenders: Ricky & Bianca's return .. Righteous Brothers; Hung on You 2008
BBC Dimbleby Lecture .. Alexander Glazunov; The Seasons, Op. 67: Autumn - Bacchanale
BBC Ganges Trailer .. Talvin Singh Traveller 2007
BBC Radio 2 (Russell Brand playing a mandelin) .. REM Losing My Relgion 2007
BBC Michael Palins New Europe .. Andrew Bird; Heretics 2007
BBC The Restaurant .. Gonzalez Let's Groove Again 2007
BBC Saxondale New Series .. Focus: House Of The King 2007
BBC Radio 4 Promotion .. Eric Coates: By A Sleepy Lagoon (Theme from Desert Island Discs) 2007
BBC Radio Wales .. Fleetwood Mac; Man Of The World 2007
BBC Saving Planet Earth Trailer .. Peter Gabriel; The Feeling Begins 2007
BBC Jekyll & other Trailers .. Della Reese: Don't You Know 2007
BBC On Demand .. New Order: Blue Monday 88 2007
BBC Top Gear .. The Allman Brothers: "Jessica" 1990
BBC Film Night .. Billy Taylor Trio: I Wish I Knew (How It Would Feel To Be Free) 1975
BBC The Onedin Line (Main Theme) .. Khachaturian: Adagio Of Spartacus And Phygia 1973
BBC John Peel Show Theme .. Grinderswitch: Pickin' The Blues 1972
BBC What The Papers Say .. Malcolm Arnold's "Allegro Non Troppo", the fifth movement from English Dances
BBC2: Seven Ages Of Rock .. Jimi Hendrix: All Along The Watchtower 2007
BBC4: Edwardian Season .. Misty's Big Adventure: Fashion Parade 2007
Becks Vier .. Arling & Cameron; Shiva's Rock 'n' Roll Dub 2008
Becks (man dancing with puppet men) .. Pink Mountaintops: Can You Do That Dance? 2007
Becks Vier Bier (man dancing with puppet men) .. The Flaming Lips: 'It Overtakes Me' 2006/7
Bells Whisky - Bells Tumbler Orchestra .. Harold Faltermeyer ; Axel F 2011 watch
Bendicks .. Soul II Soul: Missing You 2000
Bendicks .. John Waite: Missing You 2000
Benecol: Better Together .. Jackie De Shannon; Put A Little Love In Your Heart 2011 watch
Benecol Yoghurt: Once a Day .. Tommy McCook and the Supersonics; Reggae Méringue 2011 watch
Bensons For Beds Autumn .. Georgie Fame; Yeh Yeh 2010 watch
Benylin .. Charlatans; Can't Get Out Of Bed 2008 watch
Bernard Matthews Farms Bootiful Choir .. Special Version; You Are So Beautiful 2010
Bernard Matthews Turkey Slices .. Nana Mouskouri; Never On A Sunday 2007
Berocca - LogJammers .. LumberJaxxx; LogJam 2010 watch
Berocca .. Blancmange; Living On The Ceiling 2008 watch
Bertolli Rustico Pasta Sauces .. John Bigante: Guaglione 2006
Bet365 Bingo .. C&C Music Factory; Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now) 2009 watch
Bet365 On-Line Bingo .. Aberfeldy; Summer's Gone 2008
Beyonce Pulse Feel The Power .. Lil Wayne; Run The World 2011 watch
Bic Soleil .. 5th Dimension: Let The Sun Shine In 2007
Birds Eye Frozen Peas .. Platters; The Great Pretender 2009 watch
Birds Eye Fish Fingers Omega 3,Be Mortgage Free .. Madness; Our House 2007
Birdeye .. Autamata: "Fragments" ~ 2004
Bisto: Promise .. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky; Dance Of The Cygnets (from Swan Lake) 2011 watch
Bisto .. Grieg: Adagio from Piano Concerto 2006
Blackberry Playbook - Power .. The Temptations; Power 2011 watch
Blackberry Playbook - Flash .. Queen; Flashs Theme 2011 watch
Blackberry: Playbook .. Pretenders; Brass In Pocket 2011 watch
Blackberry .. Beatles; All You Need Is Love 2009 watch
Blackberry Curve .. The Humans; recorded specially for the ad 2008
Blackberry: Life On Blackbery .. Live The Proof; Jim Boggia 2008
Blackberry .. The Brazilian Girls; Jique 2007
Blockbusters: end of late fees .. Roy Orbison: It's Over 2005
Blood transfussion service .. Joe Campbell: "The Blood Donor ~ UK
Bleu de Chanel The Film .. The Rolling Stones: She Said Yeah 2010 watch
Blu-Ray - Rise of the Planet of the Apes .. Bat For Lashes; Sad Eyes 2011 watch
Blue Ray Apes Ad .. 2011 .. watch
BMW 3 Series Joy Wins .. Elvis vs JXL; A Little Less Conversation 2012 watch
BMW 6 Series .. Electric Light Orchestra; Mr. Blue Sky 2011 watch
BMW .. Philip Glass: "Cloudscape" ~ UK
BMW .. Philip Glass: "Priut Igoe" ~ UK
BMW 1 series .. The Champs: "Limbo Rock" ~ UK
BNP Paribas: Keep Reaching .. The Middle East; Blood 2011 watch
Boddingtons .. Happy Mondays: Step On 2005
Boddingtons .. Georgie Fame; Somebody Stole My Thunder 2004
Boddingtons .. Hollies; Stay 2000
Boddingtons .. Mike Flowers Pops Orchestra; Release Me 2000
Boddingtons .. Faithless; If Loving You Is Wrong 2000
Boddingtons Cattle Market .. King Bee; Back By Dope Demand 1999/2000
Boddingtons "By 'eck, you smell gorgeous tonight, Petal" .. DeWolfe;'Smoke Rings' 1992
Bodyform: Free Protective Tin .. Balkan Beat Box; Cha Cha 2008
Bodyform .. Rachel Kelly: (Ain't Gonna Let Nobody) Turn Me Around 2006
Body Form .. Joan Baez: "(Ain't Gonna Let Nobody) Turn Me Around" ~ UK
Bold 2 in 1: Infusions .. Cover?? Cocteau Twins; "Pandora (For Cindy)" 2008
Bold 2 in 1: Crushed Silk & Jasmine .. Texas: Inner Smile 2006
Bold 2 in 1 .. Doris Day: It's A Great Feeling 2006
Boots - Christmas 2011 .. Sugababes -- Girls (Orchestral Version) 2011 watch
Boots No.7 Protect and Perfect Jar Clearout .. Bananarama Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye 2010 watch
Boots No 7 .. Eartha Kitt; A Lady Loves 2010 watch
Boots Office Christmas Party .. Ernie K. Doe; Here Come The Girls 2007
Boots No. 7 .. Jefferson Airplane: "White Rabbit" 2006
Boots 'Gorgeous' Christmas .. the Gotan Project: "Epoca" 2006
Boots .. Dogs Die In Hot Cars: "No One Teaches Life Anything" 2005
Boots .. Hollies: I'm Alive 2000
Bose Cinemate 1 .. Atone; Introduction 2011 watch
Bose - SoundLink .. Between Borders; Flowers In My Pocket 2011 watch
Branston Baked Beans .. Hot Chocolate: You Sexy Thing 2007
Breezeloans .. Isley Brothers: Summer Breeze 2007
Breil .. Des'ree; You Gotta Be 1996 listen
Brita Water Filters - 100% Recyclable .. Blue Sky Blonde Free Your Mind 2008 watch
Britain's Next Top Model (at eviction time) .. Terry Devine-King; Leap of Faith 2 2006
British Airways Theme is "The Flower Duet" ... in many different arrangments and is on most of their adverts
even Christmas ads with carol mixes.
British Airways - Barbados .. Tim Devine; King Carnival 2011
British Airways - To Fly, To Serve .. Helen Jane Long; Commissioned Track 2011 watch
British Airways - Orlando Florida .. Supergrass: Alright 2008 listen
British Airways .. Brian Hodge; Angel Eyes 2007 watch
British Airways .. Sophie Barker: "Leaving on a Jet Plane" 2006/7 watch
British Airways .. Leo Delibes; Flower duet - Lakmé Opera - 90s/2000s Theme still in use watch
British Airways .. Yanni: "Aria" (arrangment of Flower Duet - Lakmé Opera) ~ Theme still in use watch
British Gas .. Fontella Bass; Rescue Me 2011 watch
British Gas Energy Smart Energy Saving Monitor .. Henry Mancini; The Pink Panther Theme 2011 watch
British Gas and Nectar: Look After Your World .. Queen; One Vision 2011 watch
British Gas Paperless Billing .. Ponchielli; Dance Of The Hours from La Gioconda 2007
British Gas Green Energy Package .. Mozart; Overture from 'The Marriage of Figaro' 2007
British Gas 2nd Price Drop .. Tchaikovsky: 1812 Overture 2007
British Gas Price Drop .. Johan Strauss: Blue Danube Waltz 2007
British Heart Foundation Vinnie Jones .. Bee Gees; Staying Alive 2012 watch
British Heart Foundation - Clots .. Frank Sinatra: I've Got You Under My Skin 2005
British Meat Beef & Lamb .. Booker T and The MGs: Soul Limbo 2006
British Red Cross Tsunami and Earthquake Appeal .. Elgar: Nimrod from Enigma Variations 2005
BT London Live Closing Ceremony Celebration Concert .. The Wanted; Gold Forever 2012 watch
BT (British Telecom) Winter Deals .. Sam Fonteyn; Pop Looks Bach (Theme from Ski Sunday) 2012 watch
BT (British Telecom) Infinity - Olympics .. The Irrepressibles; In This Shirt 2011 watch
BT (British Telecom) Vision - TV The Way You Want It .. Bloc Party; Biko (Mogwai Remix) 2011 watch
British Telecom (BT) Infinity - Light Streams .. Rachel Goodrich; Light Bulbs (ANR Remix) 2011 watch
British Telecom (BT) Wedding Dance .. Minnie Riperton; Lovin You 2011 watch
British Telecom (BT) Infinity - At Home .. V.V. Brown; Travelling Like The Light? 2011 listen
British Telecom (BT) Total Broadband - Wi-Fi Everywhere .. Stephan Altman; No Place Like Home 2010 watch
British Telecom (BT) BT Vision Digital TV-Christmas .. Noel Harrison; The Windmills of Your Mind 2010 watch
British Telecom (BT) Total Broadband .. Stereo MCs; Step It Up 2010 listen
British Telecom (BT) Fibre Optic Broadband - Infinity.. Allie Moss; Corner 2010 watch
British Telecom (BT) Winter Deals .. Just Jack; Starz In Their Eyes 2010 watch
British Telecom (BT) Sponsors GB Paralympics .. Wings Live and Let Die 2008
British Telecom (BT) BT Vision - For Boys .. Laurie Johnson Orchestra: Theme from The Avengers 2007
British Telecom (BT) .. Elvis Presley: Always on my Mind 2000
Britvic Drench: Brains dancing .. Snap; Rhythm Is A Dancer 2008
Brothers Cider - Welcome To The Family .. Cults; Go Outside (The 2 Bears Remix) 2011 watch
Brothers Pear Cider .. Dick Dale and the Deltones; Misirlou 2010 listen
Brutus Jeans .. Saatchi & Saatchi/David Dundas; Jeans On 1974 watch
Budweiser FA Cup 2012 .. Los Campesinos!; You! Me! Dancing! 2012 watch
Budweiser Good Times Waiting .. Los Campesinos!; You! Me! Dancing! 2011 watch
Budweiser .. Hot Butter Popcorn 2008
Budweiser - Bud Rising .. Fratellis Creeping Up The Back Stairs 2008
Budweiser .. Chemical Brothers: Galvanise 2006
Budweiser .. Peter, Bjorn and John: Young Folks 2006
Budweiser Beer .. The Romantics: "What I Like About You"
Budweiser .. Wiseguys; Ooh La La 1999 watch
Buick Enclave .. Kathleen Johnson: composed for the commercial by music house Hest & Kramer 2007
Bulmers No 17 .. Plan B; Writings On The Wall 2011 watch
Bulmers Cider Summer HQ .. Ron Goodwin; 633 Squadron 2010 watch
Bulmers Cider .. Fatboy Slim: The Journey 2007
Bupa .. Specially Commissioned; I Am Not A Robot 2011 watch
Bupa .. El Presidente: Old Times 2006
Bupa .. Bobby Mcferrin; "Knick Knack"
Burberry Body - The Film .. The Feeling; Rosé (Live Session) 2011 watch
Burger King King of the Day .. The Students; Every Day of the Week 2012 watch
Burger King - Hot BBQ Whopper .. Jesus Jackson; Running On Sunshine 2011 watch
Burger King .. Helen Reddy: I Am Woman 2006
Burger King Chicken Baguette Promotion .. Trini Lopez: Guantanamera 2005
Burger King (Chicken Fries) .. Coq Roq (cover): 'Bob Your Head'
Butlins Holidays: Ludo The Dino .. Sança; Dust in the Wind 2010 watch
Butlins .. Commissioned Version/remix Dead or Alive You Spin Me Round (Like a Record) 2010 watch
Butlins: Altogether More Fun .. Lesley Gore; Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows 2007
C >>
Cacharel: Amor Amor, Forbidden Kiss .. Cat Power; ?? Forbidden Love?? 2011 watch
Cacharel: Promesse .. Camille: 1,2,3 2005
Cadburys Dairy Milk Bubbly .. Michael Kamen; The Office (From Brazil) 2012 watch
Cadbury's Dairy Milk .. Europe; The Final Countdown 2011 watch
Cadbury's Dairy Milk - Charity Shop .. Jermaine Stewart; We Dont Have To Take Your Clothes Off 2011 watch
Cadburys Bliss Pampered Chocolate .. Manhattan Transfer: Chanson Damour 2010 watch
Cadbury Fingers World Party .. David Garrett; The 5th 2010 watch
Cadburys Dairy Milk Big Swap Songs .. Paolo Nutini Feat. The Big Ghana Band; Pencil Full Of Lead 2010 watch
Cadburys Spots vs Stripes .. Spike Jones; Hotcha Cornya 2010 watch
Cadburys Spots vs Stripes .. Keith Mansfield; Grandstand Theme 2010 watch
Cadburys Spots vs Stripes .. Pete Raeburn; Commissioned Soundtree 2010 watch
Cadburys Chocolate Charmer .. Charlatans; The Only One I Know 2010 watch
Cadburys Dairy Milk - Eyebrows .. Freestyle; Don't Stop The Rock 2010 watch
Cadburys Dairy Milk Big Swap Songs .. Paolo Nutini Ft. Big Ghana Band Pencil Full Of Lead 2010 watch
Cadburys Truck ad .. Bon Jovi; Living On A Prayer 2008
Cadburys Dairy Milk .. Bonie Tyler; Totsl Eclipse Of The Heart 2008
Cadburys Chocolate Digestive .. Boy Least Likely To; I'm Glad I Hitched My Apple Wagon To Your Star 2008
Cadburys Crunchie .. Pointer Sisters; I'm So Excited 2008
Cadburys Dairy Milk .. Phil Collins; In The Air Tonight 2007
Cadburys Chocolate Digestive .. Edwin Hawkins Singers: Oh Happy Day 2007
Cadburys Creme Egg .. Frank Sinatra: My Way 2006
Cadburys choc .. Dusty Springfield: Take Another Little Piece Of My Heart uk 2006
Cadburys Easter eggs .. Imogen Heap: "Headlock" ~ UK 2006
Cadburys Milk Tray .. Peggy Lee: 'Fever' 1998
Cadburys Mini Eggs: Mr Cadbury's Parrot .. Bonzo Dog Band: Mr Slater's Parrot 1994
Cadillac .. Led Zeppelin: 'Rock & Roll' 2003
Canada Tourism .. Celine Dion: "You and I" UK 2006
Cancer Research UK .. A Fine Frenzy; Hope For The Hopeless 2008
Cancer Research UK 'Being Here' campaign .. music composed specifically for the ad 2008
Cancer Research UK .. Eva Cassidy: Songbird 2007
Cancer Research UK .. Keane: She Has No Time 2006
Cancer Research UK .. The Farm: "All Together Now" ~ UK 2006
Cancer Research UK .. Eva Cassidy: Fields of Gold 2002
Canon - Kite Adventure .. The Naked and Famous; Young Blood? 2011 watch
Canon PowerShot SX210 IS Camera Insects .. Fanfarlo; The Walls Are Coming Down 2010 watch
Canon EOS 400D .. La Boutique Fantastique: "Wave"
Canon .. The Beatles: 'Across the Universe'
Capital One Savings .. Survivor: Eye of the Tiger 2006
Capital One credit card .. Ian Dury: "Hit Me With Your Rhythm Stick" UK 2005
Capital One home loans .. Madness: "Our House" ~ UK
Capital Radio .. Hoosiers; Worried About Ray 2007
Carphone Warehouse - Time For An Upgrade .. The Stranglers; Waltzinblack 2011 watch
Carphone Warehouse: A brief history of communication .. Minilogue; Hitchhikers Choice 2008
Carephone Warehouse .. "The Whistling Tune" whistled by Daryl Hannah & composed by Bernard Herrman,
used in the film Twisted Nerve was later used again in Kill Bill Vol. 1.
Carling Chrome Refreshment Refined .. T. Rex; Get It On 2012 watch
Carling - Brilliantly Refreshed .. Alice Gold; Wondrous Place 2011 watch
Carling - Taxi .. Guy Farley; Casterway 2009 watch
Carling Belong .. Christopher Rouse; Flute Concerto - Elegia 2008
Carling .. Elgar; Nimrod from Enigma Variations 2007
Carling C2 .. Slagsmalsklubben: Raven Ateruppstar 2007
Carling Belong .. B Bumble & The Stingers: Nut Rocker 2007
Carling Lager .. The 5.6.7.8's; "Woo Hoo" 2006
Carling Lager .. Hard-Fi: "Living For The Weekend" 2007
Carlsberg Team Talk .. Kasabian; Underdog 2010 watch
Carlsberg Beer .. Steve Harley & the Cockney Rebel: Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me) Christmas 1994
Carnival Cruise Lines .. Bobby Darin: 'Beyond the Sea'
Carte DOr - Macadamia Night .. Minnutes; IceDream 2011 watch
Carte D'Or .. Michael Buble; Haven't Met You Yet 2010 watch
Carte D'Or - Caramel Cinnamon Waffle .. Gavin Degraw; Follow Through 2009 watch
Carte D'Or - New Lemon Sorbet .. Gavin Degraw; Follow Through 2008 watch
Cartier LOdyssée de Cartier .. Pierre Adenot; Commissioned Music 2012 watch
Castle Lager .. Toto: "Out Of Africa" ~ Sth.Africa
Castrol Oil .. The Guess Who: 'American Woman' ~ late 90's
Center Parcs .. Temper Trap; Sweet Disposition 2011 watch
Cesar .. Petula Clark; I Couldn't Live Without Your Love 2009 watch
Chanel Nail Polish Shade Parade .. Frankie Lymon; Little Bitty Pretty One 2012 watch
Chanel - Coco Mademoiselle .. Joss Stone; Its A Mans Mans Mans World 2011 watch
Chanel - Bleu de Chanel The Film .. The Rolling Stones; She Said Yeah 2010 watch
Chanel No 5 .. Billie Holiday; I'm A Fool To Want You 2009
Chanel Coco Mademosielle .. Joss Stone; L-O-V-E 2007
Chanel's Chance .. Anne Ducros: "Taking a Chance on Love" 2006
Chanel's No 5 (Nicole Kidman) .. Debussy: "Clair De Lune" 2005
Channel 4: Try Life In Another Language:Shadows.. Nubla; Nada se olvida/Nothing Is Forgotten 2008 watch
Channel 4: In Her Shoes .. Newton Faulkner; Dream Catch Me 2008
Channel 4: Deserate Housewives trailer .. Gotan Project; Mi Confesion 2008
Channel 4: Dirty Sexy Money .. LCD Soundsystem; North American Scum 2008
Channel 4: 4oD .. Gorillaz; Kids With Guns 2007
Channel 4: Ugly Betty Promo .. Prince; U Got The Look 2006
Channel 4: Ultimate Bikini Guide .. David Bowie; Rebel, Rebel 2006
Channel 4: Lost Promotion .. Groove Armada; Edge Hill 2005
Channel 5: 'Shows at 8' promo .. Polyphonic Spree;Lithium 2008
Channel 5: advertising UAFA .. The Chemical Brothers; All Rights Reserved 2008
Channel 5: UAFA (SK Brann and Everton) .. Bloc Party; Flux 2008
Chase .. Grover Washington Jr: 'Just the Two of Us'
Cheerios .. Torpedo Boyz; Any Trash Professor Abacus? 2005
Cheerios: Yogurt .. Herman's Hermits: 'I'm Into Something Good'
Cheesestrings .. Gene Kelly; Broadway Rhythm Ballet (From Singin' In The Rain) 2007
Cherokee: Jeep Grand - Have Fun Out There .. Steve Poltz; You Remind Me 2008
Chevrolet .. ZZ Top; Tush 2011 listen
Chevrolet Captiva .. Fine Young Cannibals; Good Thing 2007
Chevrolet Trucks .. Bob Segar; Like a Rock 1994 watch
Chevrolet .. The Yardbirds: 'Over, Under, Sideways, Down
Children In Need .. The Collective; Teardrop 2011 watch
Children In Need .. JLS; Love You More 2010 watch
Choice Hotels .. Johnny Cash: 'I've Been Everywhere Man'
Christian Dior's Dior J'Adore .. Marvin Gaye: 'A Funky Spave Reincarnation' ~ UK
Chrysler Different Is What We Do .. Jay-Z; Heart of the City (Aint No Love) 2012 watch
Chrysler .. Papa Dee: "I Spy" ~ US
Chrysler 300C .. M83: "In the Cold I'm Standing" ~ UK
Churchill Insurance I Need A Hero! .. Bonnie Tyler; Holding Out For A Hero 2012 watch
Churchill Insurance .. Billy Withers; Just The Two Of Us 2008
Churchill Insurance .. Braund Reynolds; Rocket (a Natural Gambler) 2007
Cingular .. Allman Brothers Band: 'Sweet Melissa'
Cingular .. The Band: 'The Weight'
Citi.com (Moneyman commercial) .. Camper Van Beethoven: 'Gaurdian Angels'
Citroen DS5 Change Era .. Marilyn Manson; Doll-Dagga Buzz-Buzz Ziggety-Zag 2012 watch
Citroen DS One In A Million .. DatA; One In A Million 2012 watch
Citroen C4 - Blind Spot .. Mamas and Papas; California Dreamin' 2011/2012 watch
Citroën DS4 - Why Conform? .. Cassius; I Love You So 2011 watch
Citroen C4 .. JJ Cale; Call Me The Breeze 2011 watch
Citroen C4 - Transformer .. Les Rythmes Digitales; Jacques Your Body (Make Me Sweat) 2010 watch
Citroen C3 - Visiodrive .. Hives; Tick Tick Boom 2009
Citroen C5: sword fencing .. Wagner; Ride of the Valkyries 2008 Watch
Citroen C4: sprinting robot .. Luke Dzierzek; Echo 2007 Watch
Citroen C4: robot .. Pompon Finkelstein; Hungarian Dance No.5 - Brahms (Remix) 2007 Euro Watch
Citroen C3: Dolphins .. Bobby Darin; Beyond The Sea 2007 Watch
Citroen C4 .. Donna Summer; Love To Love You Baby 2007 Listen
Citroen C4 Picasso Visiospace .. Bonobo Ketto 2007 Watch
Citroen C4: The Skater .. The Egg; Walking Away (Tocadisco Remix) 2006 Watch
Clairol .. Cyndi Lauper; Girls Just Wanna Have Fun 2011 listen
Clairol Nice 'n' Easy .. Kim Carnes; Bette Davis Eyes 2008
Clark's Shoes Stand Tall .. Shawn Lees Ping Pong Orchestra; Kiss The Sky 2010 watch
Clark's Shoes - Walk Tall .. They Might Be Giants; Birdhouse In Your Soul 2010 listen
Clark's Shoes - Pleasure Seeker .. B-52s Funplex 2008 Watch
Clark's Shoes - Enjoy Every Step .. Lonely Drifter Karen True Desire 2008 Watch
Clark's - Enjoy Every Step - Rendezvous .. Ak - Momo: Greasy Spoon 2008
Clark's Shoes .. Astronautalis (Andy Bothwell) ; Ocean Walk 2008
Clark's Shoes .. Sebastien Martel; Dumb 2007
Clark's Shoes .. Nelson Riddle; Lolita Ya Ya 2007
Clarks Shoes .. Jackie Lee: "White Horses" ~ 2006
Clarks Shoes .. Baccara: Yes Sir, I Can Boogie 2003
Clark's Shoes .. Motorhead; Ace of Spades 2003
Clinique 3 Step - Skin Care system .. Nana Mouskouri; 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy) 2007
Clover Butter- the middle .. Paul Pritchard; Steps To Success 2009 watch
Cobra Indian Beer .. Black Keys; Gold on the Ceiling 2012 listen
Coca Cola Move to the Beat of London 2012 .. Mark Ronson ft Katy B; Anywhere in the World 2012 watch
Coca-Cola .. Natasha Bedingfield; Shake Up Christmas 2011 watch
Coca-Cola .. Oasis; Whatever 2011 watch
Coca-Cola - London 2012 Future Flames .. One Night Only; Can You Feel It (Tonight) 2011 watch
Coca-Cola: 125th Anniversary .. Hillside Singers; Id Like to Teach the World to Sing 2011 watch
Coca Cola - Musical ad .. One Night Only; Can You Feel It Tonight 2011 watch
Coca-Cola - Insect Heist .. Sergey Prokofiev; Peter and the Wolf March 2011 watch
Coca-Cola - Snow Globe .. Train; Shake-up Christmas 2010 watch
Coca-Cola Fifa World Cup 2010 .. K'naan; Wavin' Flag 2010 watch
Coca-Cola: Diet Coke .. Michael Sembello; Maniac 2010 watch
Coca-Cola .. Melanie Thornton; Wonderful Dream (Holidays are Coming) 2009 watch
Coca-Cola .. Kinks; Lola 2007
Coca-Cola .. Bugsy Malone Cast; You Give A Little Love 2006
Coca-Cola .. Nilsson: 'Put the Lime in the Coconut' 2006
Coca-Cola Raspberry .. Jefferson Airplane: Somebody to Love by ~ 2005 New Zealand
Coca-Cola: the real thing .. Robin Beck; First Time 1989 watch
Coca-Cola: Diet Coke - Break .. Etta James; I Just Wanna Make Love To You 1996 watch
Coca-Cola .. The Rolling Stones: 'You Can't Always Get What You Want'
Coca-Cola .. Queen: 'I Want To Break Free'
Coca-Cola - Coke Diet .. Born: "Callin' Out"
Codemasters - Brian Lara Cricket .. Groove Armada; But I Feel Good 2007
Coleen Butterflies .. Tchaikovsky; Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy from The Nutcracker Suite 2011 watch
Colin Murrays Radio 1 Show .. Grandaddy: "A.M 180"
Colmans Instant Beef Gravy .. Specially Recorded; I Like The Way You Moo 2011 watch
Comet Come and Play .. Ska Cubana: Soy Campesino 2010 watch
Comet - On Call Team .. George Baker Selection; Little Green Bag 2008
Comfort .. Filmore Fresh & The Clothworld Crew; Do The Moves 2007
Comfort Concentrate .. Reggae Vision; Do De Move 2007
Comfort .. Koop; I See A Different You 2007
Comic Relief Red Nose Day 2011 .. Wanted; Gold Forever 2011 watch
Comic Relief Red Nose Day 2007 .. Proclaimers with Brian Potter/Peter Kay & Andy Pipkin/Matt Lucas; I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles) 2007
Comic Relief Red Nose Day 2007 .. Sugababes vs Girls Aloud; Walk This Way 2007
Comparethemarket.com .. Mendelsohn; Wedding March (Commissioned/Distorted) 2008
Concern Worldwide: Born Starving .. Athena Andreadis; Breathe Again 2010 watch
Confused.com - Cara Sings Confused.com/YMCA .. Louise Dearman; Con-Fused-Dot-Com 2011 watch
Confused.com - Cara Sings Chain Reaction .. Louise Dearman; Chain Reaction 2011 watch
Confused.com - Happy Valentine .. Louise Dearman; Chain Reaction (acoustic version) 2011 watch
Confused.com - Cara sings Somebody to Love .. Louise Dearman; Somebody To Love 2010 watch
Co-operative - Join The Revolution .. Athlete; Light The Way 2011 watch
Co-op Variety Club .. Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel; Make Me Smile (Come up and See Me) 2010 watch
Co-op Good For Everyone .. Bob Dylan; Blowin' In The Wind 2009 watch
Co-operative Society: Christmas Ad .. Gabriella Cilmi; Warm This Christmas 2008 watch
Coral .. Terry Devine-King; Downtown Jump 2012
Corona Light: Moonlight .. Michael Franti & Spearhead; Say Hey (I Love You) 2010 watch
Corona Light .. Aquila Rose & Idana Valdes; Rhythms del Mundo 2009 watch
Cottages4U Take It Home .. Urusen; Now That She Has Flown 2010 watch
Cow & Gate .. Don Drummond; Don D Lion 2007
Crabbie's Ginger Beer for Grown Ups .. Melodi Light Orchestra; Puffin' Billy 2009 & 2010 watch
Cravendale .. Little Richard; All Around The World 2007
Crown Breath-easy Paint .. The Rumble Strips; Girls and Boys in Love 2008
Crown Twist Tops .. Rivingtons; Papa Oom Mow Mow 2007 .
CSL Sofas - 40% Better .. Steph; What You See Is What You Get 2011 watch .
CSL Sofas: Christmas 2010 .. Steph; Girls On Film 2010 watch
CSL: Love Life and Sofas .. Steph; Wisemen 2010 watch
CFL Sofas: Sale .. Steph Spencer; Standing on the Edge of Love 2009 watch
CFL Sofas: Street Chaos .. Stephanie Slater; Chasing Butterflies 2008 watch
CSL Sofas .. Regina Spector; Fidelity 2008 Listen
CSL Sofas Winter Sale .. Eartha Kitt; C' Mon a My House! 2008
CSL .. Dexy Midnight Runners; Come On Eileen 2007
CSL .. Spin Doctors; Two Princes 2007
Cuprinol .. Quincy Jones; It's Caper Time (Self Preservation Society) 2011 listen
Currys PC World - Vaders Visit .. John Williams; The Imperial March (Darth Vaders Theme) 2011 watch
Currys - Low Price TV's Forever .. Mylo; In My Arms 2008
Cushelle Toilet Tissue: Koala Ad .. Four Knight; Oh Happy Days 2011 watch
Cussons Imperial Leather - Skinkind .. Alex Banks; Snow 2010 watch
Cussons Imperial Leather .. Ben Sands; Hug 2007
D >>>
D Max TV channel: The Fat Doctor .. Thriving Ivory; Angels on the Moon 2011 listen
Daily Express: Sixties CD Promotion .. Foundations; Build Me Up Buttercup 2005
Daily Mail - Femail Upgrade .. Rockettothesky; Grizzly Man 2011 watch
Daily Mail Supplements.. Commissioned Version; Everyday 2010 watch
Daily Mail .. Buddy Holly; Everyday 2009
Daily Mail World At War Promotion .. Carl Davis; World At War: Main Theme 2007
Daily Mail: World At War Promotion .. Carl Davis; World At War: Main Theme 2007
Daily Mirror Football website .. Pigbag; Papa's Got A Brand New Pigbag 2009 watch
Daily Mirror Legends Collection .. Elvis Presley; Blue Suede Shoes 2009 watch
Daily Record .. El Presidente; Without You 2006
Daily Star: Ramones CD Promo .. Ramones; Do You Wanna Dance 2007
Daily Star: Best of Echo & The Bunnymen Promo .. Echo & The Bunnymen; Back Of Love 2007
Daily Star: Best of Happy Mondays Promo .. Happy Mondays; Step On 2007
Daily Star Ramones CD Promo .. Ramones; Do You Wanna Dance 2007
Daily Star Best of Echo & The Bunnymen Promo .. Echo & The Bunnymen; Back Of Love 2007
Daily Star Best of Happy Mondays Promo .. Happy Mondays; Step On 2007
Daily Telegraph WWII Promotion .. Holst; Jupiter, The Bringer Of Jollity from The Planets Suite 2008 watch
Dairy Crest Cathedral City .. Slim Pickings; Pass It On 2007
Dairylea Cheese Spread .. Jilted Jon; Jilted John (Gordon Is A Moron) 2008
Dairylea Dunkers .. Ron Goodwin; 633 Squadron 2006
Danone Actimel.. Frank Wilson; Do I Love You 2010
Danone Activia .. Spencer Davis Group; Gimme Some Loving 2010 watch
Danone Shape Yoghurt .. Noisettes; Wild Young Hearts 2009 watch
Danone Actimel .. Nappy Brown: Little By Little 2007
De Agostini Elvis The Official Collector Edition .. Elvis Presley; Welcome To My World 2007
Debenhams Life Made Fabulous .. Two Door Cinema Club; This Is The Life 2012 watch
Debenhams - This Is The Life .. Two Door Cinema Club; This Is The Life 2011 watch
Debenhams - Feel Fabulous .. Jackie Wilson; I Get the Sweetest Feeling 2011 watch
Debenhams Design in Every Department .. Roxy Music; Love Is The Drug 2009 watch
Debenhams Designer Range .. Lovin' Spoonful; Summer In The City 2007
Debenhams Designers .. Transvision Vamp: Baby I Don't Care ~ UK 2006
Debenhams .. (Morgan Van Dam remix) Madonna: "Santa Baby"(christmas 2006)
Defra Act on CO2 Carbon Footprint .. Kinks; Shangri-La 2007
Defra Climate Challenge ..Oskar; P.S.I. 2006
Del Prado Cavalry Through The Ages ..Tchaikovsky; 1812 Overture 2007
Dell Computers .. Chordettes; Lollipop 2009 watch
Dell Computers .. Devo; Watch Us Work It 2007
Dell Computers .. Squeeze: 'Tempted'
Drench Drinks Cubehead .. The Gap Band; Oops Upside Your Head 2010 watch
Dentyne Blast (Underwater Kiss) .. Kissogram (remix?) : Backseat of My Mind 2007
Dentyne Ice (Frog Kiss) .. Ben's Brother: 'Stuttering' 2007
Dentyne Ice (TTC Subway) .. Papas Fritas: 'Way You Walk' 2006
Dentyne Gum .. Squeeze: 'Tempted' ??
Dettol 4-in-1 .. Tchaikovsky; 1812 Overture 2008
DFS Making Every Day More Comfortable .. Neil Diamond;We 2012 listen
DFS .. XTC; Stupidly Happy 2012 watch
DFS Sunny Day .. Elizabeth Mitchell; Lovely Day 2012 watch
DFS 2010 Summer Sale .. The Las; There She Goes 2010 watch
DFS - Vibe Collection .. V V Brown; L.O.V.E. 2010 watch
DFS - Happy Sofas .. Super Preachers; I Feel Happy Ft. Sista Moon 2010 watch
DFS Sponsors of Lion Country .. Lenka; The Show 2010 watch
DFS .. Noisettes; Never Forget 2009 listen
DFS - Early Sale .. Paolo Nutini; 10/10 2009 listen
DFS - Winter Sale .. The Ethiopians; Train To Skaville 2009 watch
DFS .. McFly; All About You 2009 watch
DFS .. The La's; There She Goes 2008
DFS - Winter Collection .. Mariah Carey; All I Want For Christmas Is You 2008 watch
DFS - Summer Sale .. Nickelback; Rockstar 2008 watch
DFS - Half Price Emotive and Trend Collection .. Petula Clark; Colour My World 2008
DFS - Half sofas .. Puccini - O Mio Babbino Caro from Gianni Schicchi 2008
DFS .. Queen; I Want It All 2008
DFS .. Cranberries; Dreams 2007
DFS .. Mariah Carey; All I Want For Christmas Is You 2007
DFS .. Calvin Harris; Colours 2007
DFS - Sale .. Queen: I Want It All 2007
DFS - Easter Sale .. Boy Least Likely To Be Gentle With Me 2007
DFS .. Touch and Go: Would You...? 2006
DFS .. Little Anthony & the Imperials: "I'm on the outside (looking in)" ~ UK 2004
DFS .. Earth, Wind & Fire: "Boogie Wonderland" UK 2004
DFS .. Pato Banton: Baby Come Back 2002
DHL Express .. Speed of Yellow; Aint No Mountain High Enough 2011 watch
Diamond Insurance .. Marilyn Monroe; Diamonds Are A Girls Best Friend 2007
Diesel: Loverdose .. Donna Summer; Love To Love You Baby (Loverdose Remix) 2011 watch
Diesel: Denim Collection .. Secret Artist/Sizzer Amsterdam; Born To Be Alive 2011 watch (original-Patrick Hernandez)
Digital-UK switchover .. Harry Nilsson; Everybody's Talkin' 2007
Dior - JAdore .. Gossip; Heavy Cross 2011 watch
Dior Addict: Kate Moss .. Duran Duran; All You Need Is Now 2011 watch
Dior: Miss Dior Cherie .. Jane Birkin & Serge Gainsbourg; Je TAime
Moi Non Plus 2011 watch
Dior Homme Intense .. Killers Shadowplay 2009 watch
Dior Miss Dior Cherie .. Brigitte Bardot; Moi Je Joue 2009 watch
Dior "Rouge Dior" Lipstick .. Tom Jones; It's Not Unusual 2007
Dior Midnight Poison .. Muse; Space Dementia 2007
Dior J'Adore .. Marvin Gaye: A Funky Space Reincarnation 2006
Dior J'Adore .. Barry White: Never Gonna Give You Up 2004
Directgov.gov.uk Id Go Direct Guv.. Madness; It Must Be Love 2010 watch
Discover Ireland: Jump Into Ireland .. Snow Patrol Berlin 2012 watch
Disneyland Paris - Magical Moments .. Music; Special Commission 2001 watch
Disney Cinemagic .. James Morrison; Wonderful World 2007
Disney Toy Story 10th Anniversary DVD..Thin Lizzy: The Boys Are Back In Town 2005
DKNY Original The Fragrances .. Helena; Life In My Heart 2011 watch
DKNY Be Delicious .. Madi Diaz; Does It Rain (Where You Are)? 2011 watch
DKNY .. Honeyroot: "Starshine" ~ UK
Dobbies Garden World .. The Charlatans: "Try Again Today" 2006 & 2008
Dockers San Francisco; Work, Weekend, Dress, Golf.. Marlena Shaw: "California Soul" 2008 listen
Dockers Specs: The Slacker ad .. Frank Sinatra: I Get A Kick Out Of You 2008
Dockers: Streetcar Commercial .. Madeleine Peyroux; Don't Wait Too Long 2008 listen
Dodge Journey - Waterslide .. Apples In Stereo; Sun Is Out 2008 listen
Dolce & Gabbana D&G Fragrance .. George Michael; Freedom 90 2009 watch
Dolce & Gabbana - D&G Jewels .. Stylophonic; R U Experienced 2007
Dolce & Gabbana - Blue .. Mario Lanza; Parlami D'amore Mariu 2007
Dolce & Gabbana - Time .. Stylophonic: Dancefloor 2006
Dolce & Gabbana - Time .. Stylophonic: BabyBeatBox 2005
Dominos - What We Do .. Frankie and the Heartstrings; Hunger 2011 watch
Domino's Double Decadence.. Tchaikovsky; Concerto For Piano-Orchestra No.1 In B Flat Minor Op.23 2010 watch
Domino's Steak Pizza .. Tchaikovsky; 1812 Overture 2008 listen
Doritos .. Blondie: "One Way or Another"
Dove - Nourishing Oil Care .. Specially Recorded; Why You Gotta Be Like That? 2011 watch
Dove - Damage Therapy .. Rodgers and Hammerstein; My Favourite Things 2010 watch
Dove - For Men .. Rossini William; Tell Overture 2010 watch
Dove - Pro Age Deodorant .. Pepe Romero; Farrucas 2007
Dove .. Cyndi Lauper: True Colors 2006
Dove - Summer Glow Body Lotion .. Ella Fitzgerald: Sunny 2006
Dove .. Kameil Madison: "Rock Ya Body" ~ UK
Dr Oetker Ristorante Pizza .. Verdi: La Donna E Mobile 2006
Dr Pepper Doctors Orders .. Dr Dre; Shit Popped Off 2009 watch
Dr Pepper .. Tom Jones: 'Help Yourself'
Dr Pepper .. Meatloaf: 'I'd Do Anything for Love'
Dr Pepper .. Hot Chocolate: 'You Sexy Thing'
Dreams Bed Superstore - Wake Up .. Renee & Jeremy; Three Little Birds 2011 watch
Dreams Beds - Hushabye Dream .. Stacey Kent; Hushabye Mountain 2011 watch
Dreams Beds .. Billy Joel; River of Dreams 2010 listen
Dreams Superstore Good Nights Sleep .. Dan Hartman; I Can Dream About You 2010 watch
Dreams Superstore Biggest Ever Bed .. The Temptations; Get Ready 2010 listen
Dreams .. Daisy Wood-Davis; Dream Bay Dream 2010 watch
Dreams .. The Supremes; The Happening 2010 listen
Dreams Boxing Day Sale .. Roy Orbison; You Got It 2009
Dreams Biggest Bed Sale .. Mama Cass Elliot; It's Getting Better 2009 watch
Dreams Bank Holiday Sale .. Chordettes; Mr Sandman 2009
Dreams .. Dells; Oh What A Night 2009
Dreams: Double Discount .. Shirley Horn; Take A Little Time To Smile 2009 DL
Dreams: Bed Superstore .. The Five Satins; In the Still of the Night 2008 listen
Dreams: Bed Superstore .. Gene Kelly & Debbie Reynolds: Good Morning 2007 listen
Dreamworks Shrek The Third .. Fratellis; Chelsea Dagger 2007 listen
Drench Cubehead .. The Gap Band; Oops Upside Your Head 2010 watch
Drench Spring Water - Brains from Thunderbird .. Snap; Rhythm Is A Dancer 2008 listen
Dulux Boudoir .. Alice Grant @ Hear No Evil ; Its Been A Long, Long Time 2012 watch
Dulux - Roving Dog .. Terry Bush -- Maybe Tomorrow (The Littlest Hobo Theme Tune) 2011 watch
Dulux Lets Colour, Walls .. Jonsi; Go Do 2010 watch
Dulux Paintpod .. Traditional; Blaydon Races 2010 watch
Dulux - Let's Colour, Garage .. John Barry; Midnight Cowboy 2010 watch
Dulux Security Guard .. Paul Reeves; Regent Street Stomp 2008 listen
Dulux Paint .. Cutee B: Experience 2006
Dunlop .. David Bowie: Moonage Daydream 2000
Dunlop .. Stevie Wonder: He's Misstra Know It All 2000
Durex - Performax Intense .. Marvin Gaye; Lets Get It On 2012 watch
DVLA Registrations .. Free: Travellin' Man 2005
Dyson Stowaway .. Johan Strauss; Blue Danube Waltz 2007
E >>>
EA Sports FIFA Street .. Freestylers; Breaker Beats Pt 1 2012 watch
EA Sports SSX-X Games .. The Joy Formidable; Austere 2012 watch
EA Games Battlefield 3 .. Jay Z; 99 Problems 2011 watch
EA Games Fifa 11 We Are 11 .. Tenpole Tudor; Swords of a Thousand Men 2010 watch
EA Games Battlefield: Bad Company 2 .. Queens of the Stone Age; You Think I Aint Worth A Dollar, But I Feel Like A Millionaire 2010 watch
EA XBOX 360 Left 4 Dead 2 .. Clutch; Electric Worry 2009 watch
EA Games Beatles Rockband .. Beatles; Come Together 2009 watch
EA Games Fifa Street Soccer 3 .. Go! Team; Grip Like A Vice 2008
EA Games Burnout Paradise .. Guns 'n' Roses; Paradise City 2008
EA Games Fifa Street 2 .. Coldcut: True Skool 2006
EA Games Black for Playstation 2 .. Verdi: Gypsy Chorus from 'La Traviata' 2006
E-On: See It & Save It .. Broadcast 2000; Get Up And Go 2008
E-On: Wind of Change .. Arthur Askey; Bee Song 2007
E-On: Energy Windfarm .. Sonny Terry & Brownie McGhee: Hootin' The Blues July 2007.
E4 Schrubs .. Calvin Harris; Acceptable 2007
Eagle Star Direct .. Dead Or Alive: You Spin Me Round 2000
Eagle Star Direct .. Madness: Driving in my Car 2000
Eagle Star .. Delibes: Flower Duet from Lakme 1992
Ebay .. Donovan; Sunshine Superman 2012 watch
eBay .. Feist: 1234 Australia Sept 2007
eBay .. Edith Piaf: Non Je Ne Regrette Rien 2006
easyJet: Europe By easyJet .. The Wombats; Techno Fan 2011 watch
easyJet: Summer of Love .. O'Jays; Love Train 2009
Echo's Aftersave by Davidoff .. Joseph Arthur: "In The Sun" ~ UK
Echo Falls Wine .. Art of Noise; Three Fingers Of Love 2007
Ecover Feel Good Cleaning .. James Brown; I Got You (I Feel Good) 2012 watch
Eden TV Launch .. Muse; Feeling Good 2009
EDF Blue + Price Promise .. Philip Oakey & Giorgio Moroder; Together In Electric Dreams 2012 watch
EDF Energy - Powering the London 2012 Games .. Mike Beever; The Farmer aka Fated Beauty 2011 watch
Edge .. Mozart; Piano Concerto No. 21, K 467 : Andante 2007
Edge Another Way Forward .. Roger Miller; King Of The Road 2007
Edinburgh Woollen Mill Autumn & Winter Collection .. Sweet Inspirations; Sweet Inspiration 2008 watch
Egg Card .. Television: "Hold Up" ~ UK
Egg Card .. Raymond Scott: "Baltimore Gas and Electric Co" ~ UK 2005
Electronic Arts - Battlefield 3 .. Jay Z; 99 Problems 2011 watch
Elizabeth Shaw .. Willie Nelson: Crazy 2000
Elizabeth Shaw .. Patsie Cline: Crazy 2000
Elvis Presley ELV1S: 30 Number One Hits .. Elvis Presley / JXL; A Little Less Conversation 2002
Emirates Hello Tomorrow .. Spencer & Antfood; Trek 2012 watch
Emirates A380 .. Johan Strauss; Blue Danube Waltz 2011 watch
Emirates Airlines Dubai promote .. Black; Wonderful life 2009 view
Emirates Airline ad .. First Times created by Water Music for the ad view
Emporio Armani Idole .. Nina Simone; I Put A Spell On You 2009 watch
Emporio Armani - Diamonds For Men .. Interpol; Slow Hands 2008
Emporio Armani Code .. Mis-Teeq: Scandalous2006
Emporio Armani's Night ..Goldfrapp: "Strict Machine" ~ UK 2003
England Enjoy England.com .. Jam: English Rose 2006
ESPN October Football .. John Carpenter; Halloween 2009
Esso .. Queen: I Want To Break Free 2000
Estee Lauder .. Madonna: "Love Provusion" ~ UK 2004
Ethel Austin .. Bodyrockers: The Way You Move 2007
Eurocamp: Unforgettable Moments Holidays .. The Rifles; Winter Calls 2012 watch
Europcar .. C&C Music Factory; Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now) 2011 watch
Eurostar .. Philip Glass; Sense Of Doubt 2007
Eurostar .. Jack Sedgwick; Irene's Tomorrow 2007
Eurostar .. Virginie: Tu Crois Toujours (I Go To Sleep) 2005
Evans .. LaBelle: Lady Marmalade 2006
Evergreen .. The Monkees: "Daydream Believer" ~ UK 2004
Evian - Baby Inside .. Uffie; Wordy Rappinghood (Evian Mix) 2011 watch
Evian Water .. Dan The Automator; Rapper's Delight 2009 watch
Evian Water .. Brigitte Bardot: "Moi, Je Joue" ~ UK 2005
Evian Water .. Marilyn Monroe: Bye Bye Baby 2004
F >>>
Fallon Community Health Plan .. Buddy Holly: 'Everyday'
Famouse Grouse .. Fred Astaire: Puttin' On The Ritz 2006
Fanta Chase .. Martin Solveig & Dragonette; Cant Stop 2012 watch
Fanta - Grab A Taste Of Friday .. Ting Tings; Shut Up & Let Me Go 2010 watch
Fanta - bird ad .. Architecture In Helsinki; Souvenirs 2009 watch
Fanta Orange .. Stylophonic: Way of Life 2003
Fanta .. Rae & Christian: Blazing The Crop 2002
Farleys Rusks .. Gene Vincent: Be Bop A Lula 2000
Febreeze .. Real Tuesday Weld: Bathtime In Clerkenwell 2005
Felix cat food .. Scott Joplin The Entertainer 2009 watch
Felix cat food .. Real Thing: You To Me Are Everything 2000
Felix cat food .. Lou Bega: Mambo No 5 2000
Fendi Fan Di Fendi - The New Fragrance .. Kills; Cheap and Cheerful 2011 watch .
Ferrero Rocher - Golden Light .. Jasmine Ash; Starlight 2011 watch
Ferrero Rocher - Kinder Surprise .. Eliza Doolittle; Pack Up 2011 listen
Ferrero Rochee .. Cilla Black: 'Something Tells Me (Something's Gonna Happen Tonight)' (2006)
Ferrero Rochee .. Taxi: Yes it's True 2003
Fiat Panda New Panda Twin Air .. J*S*T*A*R*S; Loose Nuke Threat 2012 watch
Fiat 500 Jennifer Lopez .. Jennifer Lopez; Papi 2012 watch
Fiat Punto - MyLife ~ Piano .. Giovanni Allevi; Secret Love 2011 watch
Fiat 500: Twin Air .. Amy Macdonald; This Is The Life 2011 listen
Fiat Punto Evo: Prommercial .. Faithless; Feelin Good 2010 watch
Fiat Punto Evo: Drive The Evolution .. Edvin Marton; Paganini 5 2010 watch
Fiat Grande Punto - Connie Francis remixed/Tom Middleton: Quando Quando Quando 2008
Fiat Bravo .. Sweet Vandal: Beautiful 2008
Fiat 500 .. Cut Chemist: A Peak In Time 2008
Fiat Bravia .. Dark Globe; Break My World 2007
Fiat Grande Punto - Italian Job Remixed .. Louis Prima; Oh Marie 2007
Fiat Scudo Van .. Pipettes; ABC 2007
Fiat Grande Punto .. Hardknox: Fire Like This 2006
Fiat Sedici 4x4 .. Richard Strauss: Also Sprach Zarathustra (Main theme from 2001) 2006
Fiat Stilo ..Topol: If I Were A Rich Man (From Fiddler on the Roof) 2006
Fiat Punto .. Marilyn Manson: Sweet Dreams (Are Made Of This) 2006
Fiat .. Human League: Dont You Want Me 2002
Fiat .. Chips: Rubber Biscuit 2000
Fibresure .. Altered Images; I Could Be Happy 2007
Fidelity Investments .. Paul McCartney & Wings: 'Band On The Run' watch
Fidelity Investments .. Billy Preston: 'Nothing From Nothing'
FIFA World Cup 2010 (Coca-Cola) .. K'naan; Wavin' Flag 2010 watch
FIFA World Cup 1990 .. Puccini: Nessun Dorma 1990
Filippo Berio Olive Oil .. Rossini; Largo Al Factotum from The Barber of Seville 2007
Findaproperty.com .. The 88; Coming Home 2010 watch
Findus Novelli Lasagne Ad .. Eric Winston: Saratoga 2008
Finish Quantum - Diamond Standard .. Gotan Project; Epoca 2008 watch
Finish 5 in 1 .. Wagner; Ride of the Valkyries 2008 watch
First Choice - All Inclusive .. Flo Rida; Good Feeling 2011 watch
First Choice - Swimming Pools .. Paul McCartney; We All Stand Together (Frog Chorus) 2008 watch
First Choice .. Rossini; William Tell Overture 2008
First Choice (hugs) .. Chopin; Etude For Piano - Op 10: No 3. In E Major - "Tristesse" 2007
First Choice .. Miriam Makeba: Mbube (Wimoweh) 2006
First Choice .. Reginald Dixon: I Do Like To Be Beside The Seaside 2006
First Direct .. Tommy Dorsey Opus One 2009 watch
First Magazine .. Chi-Lites; Have You Seen Her? 2007
Fisher Price .. Katrina and the Waves: Walking on Sunshine 2003
Fishermans Friend .. Inspiral Carpets: I Want You 2000
Five Alive Fruit Drink Dancing Dodo .. Don Fardon; Im Alive 2010 watch
Flash .. Paul Mottram: Tig A Tag 2006
Flash .. Elgar: Pomp And Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2006
Flash .. BBC: Theme from Captain Pugwash 2006
Flash .. Reginald Dixon: I Do Like To Be Beside The Seaside 2006
Flexon .. Amen Corner: Bend Me, Shape Me 2000
Floors-2-Go .. Touch and Go: Would You...? 2006
Flora .. Mud; Tiger Feet 2009
Flora .. Lilac Time: Trumpets From Montparnasse 2006
Flora Pro-Activ (Lulu's Three Week Challenge) .. Lulu: Put A Little Love In Your Heart 2005
Florette Salad Bags of Goodness .. The Goons; Eeh! Ah! Oh! Ooh! 2012 watch
Flower By Kenzo: Rooftop .. Jil is Lucky; The Wanderer 2010 watch
Football Manager 2012 - Greatest Job On Earth .. Hard-Fi; Bring It On 2011 watch
Ford Fiesta Zetec - Keysless Entry .. Moondog; To A Sea Horse 2011 watch
Ford Fiesta Zetec - Feel The Difference .. Fiction; Big Things 2011 watch
Ford Mondeo True Beauty .. Soap and Skin; Mr. Gaunt PT 1000 2010 watch
Ford Fiesta Zetec .. School Of Language; Rockist Part 1 2010 watch
Ford Fiesta .. Schwab; Mole Man 2010 listen
Ford S Max Detail .. Si Begg; Bottled 2010 watch
Ford Focus .. Cool Hearts; Half Way Home 2010 watch
Ford Fiesta .. Two Lone Swordsmen; Shack 54 2009 watch
Ford Government Scrappage .. Chesney Hawkes; The One And Only 2009
Ford Ka .. specially composed for the ad - Soundtree; Gofindit 2009 watch
Ford Focus .. Alesha Dixon; 4 You I Woll 2008
Ford Focus .. Craig Richey; Ode To The New Ford 2008
Ford (Feel the difference) .. Royal Philharmonic Orchestra/St. Martin in the Fields chorus: Champions League 2007
Ford S-Max .. Whistling Tom: Under Paris Skies 2007
Ford Mondeo Desire .. Michael Andrews: The Artifact And Living 2007
Ford C-Max .. Outkast: When I Look In Your Eyes 2007
Ford Focus Zetec Climate .. Monty Norman: James Bond 2006
Ford Transit .. Soul Coughing: Disseminated 2006
Ford Cars .. The Specials: "Blank Expression" ~ UK
Ford Explorer .. Mark Morrison: 'Return of the Mack'
Ford Fiesta Freedom .. Paul Borg: Thigh Rolled 2006
Ford S-MAX .. Chemical Brothers: Shake Break Bounce 2006
Ford Focus .. I Monster: Daydream In Blue 2006
Ford Focus .. Des'ree; You Gotta Be 2000 watch
Ford .. Barry Gray: Joe 90 2000
Ford .. Brian May: Driven By You 2000
Ford .. Bob Marley and the Wailers: Three Little Birds 2000
Ford .. Slade: Coz I Luv You 2000
Ford Cougar .. Steppenwolf: Born To Be Wild 2000
Ford .. Sniff and the Tears: Drivers Seat 1990
Fosters .. Kool and the Gang; Jungle Boogie 2009
Fosters Super Chilled (Shadows) .. Violent Femmes; Blister In The Sun 2008
Fosters Twist .. Hombres: Let It Out (Let It All Hang Out) 2006
Fosters Super Chilled .. Boozoo Bajou: 'Lava' 2005
Fosters Lager .. The Karminsky Experience Inc: Exploration 2003
Fosters Lager .. Tchaikovsky: Le Lac Des Cygnes from Swan Lake 1995
Foxs .. Platters: 'Heaven On Earth' 2000
Foxy Bingo .. Matt Monro; Born Free 2012 watch
Foxy Bingo .. John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John; You're The One That I Want 2010 watch
Foxy Bingo .. Lipps Inc; Funkytown 2009
Foxy Bingo .. Richard Strauss; Also Sprach Zarathustra (Main theme from 2001) 2009
Fred Olsen Cruise Lines .. Dusty Springfield; I Only Want To Be With You 2008
Freederm - For Spot-Prone Skin .. Blue Mink; Good Morning Freedom 2011 watch
Freeview - Balloons .. The Turtles; Happy Together 2011 watch
Freeview: Corgis .. Derrick May; Strings of Life (Special Version) 2011 watch
Freeview HD - Tiny Streaker .. Men Without Hats; Safety Dance 2010 watch
Freeview Plus .. Laurie Johnson Orchestra; Theme From The Professionals 2009
Friends ReUnited Dating .. Otis Redding; Love Man 2007
Friends ReUnited .. Alan Hawkshaw: Theme from Grange Hill 2006
Friends ReUnited .. Highly Likely: What Ever Happened to You? 2006
Friends Provident .. Simon May: Chi Mai 2000
Frys Turkish Delight .. ??Jeff Wayne or Cliff Adams?? written especially for Frys 1984 watch
Fujifilm .. Radiocontrolledrobot: 'Beautiful' 2006
Furniture Village .. Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel; Make Me Smile (Come up and See Me) 2009
FX TV show Louie .. Ida Maria; Louie 2010
G >>>
Gala Bingo .. Barrett Strong; Money (That's What I Want) 2009
Gala Bingo .. Gloria Gaynor: I Will Survive 2006
Gala Bingo .. Madness: House of Fun 2005
Gala Bingo .. Shalamar: Night To Remember 2000
Galaxy Ripple Chocolate Folds Of Delight.. Thievery Corporation; Heavens Gonna Burn Your Eyes 2010 listen
Galaxy Promises .. Thelonius Monk: Caravan 2005
Galaxy .. Appleton: Don't Worry 2003
Galaxy .. Ella Fitzgerald: Summertime 2002
Galaxy Promises .. Thelonius Monk: Caravan 2005
Galaxy .. Appleton: Don't Worry 2003
Galaxy .. Ella Fitzgerald: Summertime 2002
Gap .. Amen Corner: 'Bend Me, Shape Me' 2002
Gap .. Supertramp: Give A Little Bit 2001
Gap .. Crystal Method: 'Busy Child' 2000
Gap .. James Clarke: 'Blow Up A Go Go' 2000
Garden and Leisure(Buy One Get One) .. Traditional: In An English Country Garden 2006
Garmin .. John Williams; Carol of the Bells 2007
Garmin Nuvi Sat Nav .. Morgan Van Dam: Found 2006
Garnier BB Cream Its a Good Day .. Peggy Lee; Its A Good Day 2012 watch
Garnier Nutrisse - Ultra Color .. Martin Solveig & Dragonette; Hello 2011 watch
Garnier Summerbody Spray Mist .. Cat Power; The Greatest 2007
Garnier 100% Color .. Lynyrd Skynyrd: Sweet Home Alabama 2006
Garnier Fructis Shampoo .. Wax Tailor ft. Charlotte Savary: Our Dance 2005
Garnier .. Saint Etienne: Marios Cafe 2000
Gateway .. Who: 'Who Are You' 2000
Gaviscon .. Irene Cara: 'Flashdance (What A Feeling)' 2004
Geico .. Royksopp: 'Remind Me' 2007
General Accident .. Fortunes: Storm In A Teacup 2000
General Post Office .. Sam Cooke: "Darling You Send Me" ~ UK 2006
George at Asda .. Sly & The Family Stone; Dance To The Music 2012 listen
George at Asda .. Pilot: "Magic" ~ UK
GHD Cinderella at the Midnight Ball .. Le Rev: Lucky You 2010 watch
Gillette Venus: Jennifer Lopez .. Jennifer Lopez; Venus 2011 watch
Gillette Venus .. Bananarama: Venus 2003
Gillette Right Guard .. Bob Marley and the Wailers: Three Little Birds 2000
Gillette Right Guard .. Four Tops: 'Reach Out I'll Be There' 2000
Ginsters .. Jim Noir: 'My Patch' 2006
Giorgio Armani: Acqua Di Gioia Woman and Nature .. Cinematic Orchestra; Arrival of the Birds 2010 watch
Go! Airlines .. Hugo Montenegro: The Fox 1999
Go Compare .. George M Cohan Over There 2010 watch
Golden Wonder .. Kinks: 'You Really Got Me' 2000
Golden Wonder .. Motorhead: Ace Of Spades 2000
Google+ Plus Tom .. Alan Silvestri; Cast Away (End Titles) 2012 watch
Google Chrome: Jamal Edwards .. Wretch 32; Traktor 2011 watch .
Google Chrome: Lady Gaga .. Lady Gaga; Edge of Glory 2011 watch
Google Chrome: Dear Hollie .. Ingrid Michaelson; Sort Of (Instrumental) 2011 watch
Gordon's Gin .. Status Quo: Pictures of Matchstick Men 2004
Gordon's Edge .. Coco Steel & Lovebomb: Yachts 2002 .
Grand Theft Auto IV - The Lost & The Damned .. Motley Crue; Wild Side 2009
Grand Theft Auto Episodes From Liberty City .. Roxette; The Look 2009 watch
Grand Theft Auto San Andreas .. Chakachas; Jungle Fever 2007
Grand Theft Auto Vice City Stories .. Phil Collins Ft. Philip Bailey: Easy Lover 2006
Grand Theft Auto San Andreas .. Guns 'n' Roses: Welcome To The Jungle 2004
Grant's Whisky .. Baby Bird: Atomic Soda 1999
Grattan .. Connie Francis: Stupid Cupid 2000
Grattan .. Ritchie Valens: La Bamba 2000
Grattan .. James Brown: I Got You (I Feel Good) 2000
Greene King IPA Crafted For The Moment .. Jake Bugg; Country Song 2012 watch
Greece Tourist Board .. Mikis Theodorakis: Zorba The Greek 2006
Green Flag .. Fontella Bass: Rescue Me 2000
Green Flag .. Brian Eno: An Ending (Ascent) 2000
Greggs .. Gracie Fields; If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked A Cake 2010 watch
Greggs .. Terry Bush; Maybe Tomorrow 2009
Grolsch Dancing Bottles .. Louis Armstrong; It Dont Mean A Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing) 2010
Grolsch .. Bodyrockers: I Like The Way 2005
Grolsch .. Iggy Pop: I'm Bored 2000
Gü - Give in to Gü .. Jon Brion; Drive In 2011 watch
Gucci Guilty - Intense .. Friendly Fires and Bats For Lashes; Strangelove 2010 watch
Gucci Flora - Meadow .. Donna Summer; I Feel Love 2009
Gucci by Gucci .. Blondie; Heart Of Glass 2008
Gucci Pour Homme II .. Apple Garageband Loop; Modern Rock Guitar 07 2007
Guardian Super Size Me DVD Promotion .. Toothpick: Super Size Me 2006
Guardian Free CD 27/11/2004 .. Paul Weller All Along The Watchtower 2004
Guardian .. Dean Fraser: Dick Tracey 1999
Gucci Guilty - Intense .. Friendly Fires and Bat For Lashes; Strangelove 2011 watch
Guerlain Idyll .. Nora Arnezeder and Feloche; Singin' In The Rain 2009
Guerlain Insolence .. Muse: Hysteria 2006
Guinness - Dark Life .. Beach House; 10 Mile Stereo 2010 watch
Guinness - The Dot .. Electric Light Orchestra (ELO); Mr Blue Sky 2008
Guinness - Domino Tipping .. Enrique Granados; Spanish Dance No 6 2007
Guinness .. Slang; The Shins 2007
Guinness .. Acker Bilk: That's My Home 2006
Guinness Evolution .. Sammy Davis Jr: Rhythm of Life 2005
Guinness .. Prodigy: Spitfire 2005
Guinness .. Unit 4 + 2: Concrete and Clay 2002
Guinness .. Arab Strap: First Big Weekend 2000
Guinness .. Perez Prez Prado: Guaglione 2000
Guinness .. Prince Buster: Burke's Law 1998
Guinness Draught: Chain .. Louis Armstrong; We Have All The Time In The World 1994 watch
Guinness .. DJ Shadow: "Stem/Long Stem" ~ UK ('90's)
Guns 'n' Roses Chinese Democracy Release .. Guns 'n' Roses; Sweet Child O' Mine 2008
Guns 'n' Roses Chinese Democracy Release .. Guns 'n' Roses; Chinese Democracy 2008
Gwen Stefani "L" a L.A.M.B. fragrance .. Gwen Stefani; Wonderful Life 2007
H >>>
H&M Marni at H&M .. Roxy Music; Avalon 2012 watch
H & M David Beckham Body Wear .. The Animals; Dont Let Me Be Misunderstood 2012 watch
H & M - Winter Fashion 2011 .. Klas Åhlund; Girls On Film 2011 watch
H & M - Girls On Film .. Mona Donnerman; Girls on Film 2011 watch .
H & M - Matthew Williamson Collection .. Stereolies; We Need A Change 2009 watch
H & M .. Greenhornes; There Is An End 2007
H. Samuel Jewellers .. Captain and Tennille: Love Will Keep Us Together 2006
H. Samuel Christmas Shopping .. Ella Fitzgerald: 'S Wonderful 2005
Haagen-Dazs .. Richard Hawley; Open Up Your Door 2009
Haagen-Dazs .. Sarah Vaughan; 'Make Yourself Comfortable' 2002
Halfords - Christmas Bikes .. The Hoosiers; Goodbye Mr A 2011 watch .
Halfords Summer Sale .. Hoosiers; Goodby Mr A 2011 watch
Halfords .. Republica; 'Ready To Go' 2006
Halifax Home Insurance Garden Fun .. Halifax Community Choir; I Believe I Can Fly 2012 watch
Halifax Saving Accounts - Prize Draw .. Halifax Community Choir; Walking On Sunshine 2011 watch
Halifax - Open Saturdays .. Halifax Community Choir; Hard Days Night 2011 watch
Halifax Rewards - Ill Be There .. Halifax Community Choir; Ill Be There 2011 watch
Halifax - Yeah Yeah Yeah .. Stereo MCs; Connected 2011 watch
Halifax Building Society Rewards .. Lightning Seeds; Lucky You 2010 watch
Halifax Building Society ISA .. Vanilla Ice; Ice Ice Baby 2010 watch
Halifax Building Society Reward Horn .. Pretenders; Brass In Pocket 2010 watch
Halifax Building Society Reward Account .. Lily Allen; LDN 2010
Halifax Building Society Reward Account .. Spandau Ballet; Gold 2010
Halifax Building Society Five Pound Reward .. Born Ruffians; Little Garcon 2009
Halifax Building Society Mortgages .. Bright Eyes; First Day Of My Life 2009
Halifax Building Society .. Jackie Wilson; (Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher 2009 watch
Halifax Building Society .. Herman's Hermits; I'm Into Something Good 2008
Halifax Building Society .. Herbie Hancock; Rockit 2007 (Ireland)
Halifax Building Society .. Bubba Sparxxx; Ms New Booty 2007 (Ireland)
Halifax Building Society Credit Card .. Sweet; Ballroom Blitz 2007 (Ireland)
Halifax Building Society .. Aretha Franklin; Think 2007
Halifax Building Society 50 Times Extra .. Big Brovaz; Nu Flow 2006
Halifax Building Society High Rate Saver .. Glen Campbell; Rhinestone Cowboy 2006
Halifax Building Society Mortgage .. Cab Calloway; Minnie The Moocher 2006
Halls Soothers .. Robert Palmer; Addicted To Love 2010 listen
Halls Soothers .. Aretha Franklin; Baby I Love You 2003
Halls .. Hollies; The Air That I Breathe 2000
Halls .. Robert Palmer; Addicted to Love 2000
Hamlet .. Bach; Air on a G String 2000
Hammerite .. Chas & Dave; Any Old Iron 1992
Happy Egg Co. Happy Hens Racing .. Chariots of Fire: Vangelis 2010 watch
Haribo Tangfastic .. Mozart; Queen of the Night (Aria from The Magic Flute) 2010 watch
Harrods .. Handel; Lascia Ch'io Pianga 2002
Harvest Cheweee Bar .. Ohio Express; Chewy Chewy 2002
Harvester Salad & Grill .. Plain White T's; 1234 2010 watch
Harvester .. Chic; Good Times 2000 listen
Harveys Furniture .. Dukas; Sorcerers Apprentice 2010 listen
Harveys Furniture Sale .. Blondie; Picture This 2009
Harveys Furniture 10% Off Everything Sale .. Matt Monro; This Is The Life 2007
Haven Holidays Half Price Holidays .. Obi; Somewhere Nicer 2009
Haven Holidays .. Manu Chao; La Primavera 2007
Head & Shoulders: Smooth & Silky Shampoo.. Christian Marsac; LAmour Conjugué 2010 watch
Head & Shoulders: Colour Care, We Love Red .. Heidi Lingren; I Need Music 2008
Head & Shoulder 'Mickey' ad .. DOES ANYONE KNOW THIS SKA/REGGAE SONG 2007 watch
Head and Shoulders: Irresistible Hair .. Evelyn Knight; A Little Bird Told Me 2007
Head and Shoulders .. Skott Francis; Sugar Sugar 2005
Health Lottery £200,000 Jackpot .. Ennio Morricone; Ecstasy of Gold 2011 watch
Heart FM .. Sharleen Spiteri; Xanadu 2010 watch
Heart FM .. Louis Prima; Sing, Sing, Sing 2006
Heart FM .. Donavon Frankenreiter; Turn On Your Heart 2006
Heart FM .. Harold Melvin and The Blue Notes; The Love I Lost 2006
Heineken The Date .. Mohammed Rafi; Jaan Pehechan Ho 2012 watch
Heineken - The Entrance .. The Asteroids Galaxy Tour; Golden Age 2011 watch
Heineken .. Chopin; Prelude No.7 In A Major 2007
Heineken .. Teddybears ft. Mad Cobra; Cobrastyle 2006
Heineken Export Lager .. Al Green; Let's Stay Together 2006
Heineken Back in time .. George Baker Selection; Little Green Bag 2006
Heineken .. J. Geils Band; Give It To Me 2002
Heineken .. Chris Isaak: "Wicked Game" US
Heinz - Squeeze and Stir Soups .. Bobby Day; Little Bitty Pretty One 2011 watch
Heinz Weight Watchers - Exercise Bike .. Groovalistics; Dont Leave Me This Way 2011 watch
Heinz Beanz Fridge Pack Containers .. Delaney, Bonnie & Friends; Never Ending Song of Love 2010 watch
Heinz .. Harry J All Stars; Liquidator 2009
Heinz Snap Pots Eazy Beanzy .. Ann Lee; Ring My Bell 2008
Heinz Farmers' Market Soups .. Arthur Wood; Barwick Green (Theme from the Archers) 2007
Heinz Salad Cream .. Sesame Street; Ladybugs Picnic 2007
Heinz .. Goons: Ying Tong Song 2000
Heinz Baked Beans .. Chas & Dave; Diddle Um Song (Diddle Umma Day) 1999
Heinz tomato ketchup .. Carly Simon: 'Anticipation' ~ late 70's US
Hellmanns Mayonnaise Boxing Day .. Tim Myers; Simply Wonderful 2011 watch
Hellmann's Mayonaise - Loved Up Mash .. Tim Myers; Simply Wonderful 2011 watch
Hellmann's Mayonaise .. Isley Brothers; Summer Breeze 2009 watch
Hellmann's Mayonnaise .. Marvin Gaye; Let's Get It On 2005
Herbal Essences .. Paul Leonard-Morgan; Blue State 2009
Hiscox .. Rebelski; The Swarm 2007
History Channel UFO Files .. Saint-Saens; Aquarium from Carnival of the Animals 2006
HMV - Revolutionary Technology .. Justice; Civilisation 2011 watch
HMV Sale .. Elbow; One Day Like This 2009
HMV .. Sarah McLachlan; Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas 2007
HMV Sale .. Fratellis: Flathead 2007
HMV .. Monty Python DVD Promotion .. Monty Python's Flying Circus; Bright Side of Life 2006
HMV Summer Sale .. The La's; There She Goes 2006
Holiday Inn Express .. Kyle Andrews; Always Make Me Smile 2010 watch
Holland & Barrett Half Price Event .. Hollies; I'm Alive 2007
Homebase Containers .. Peter Bjorn & John; Young Folks 2012 watch
Homebase .. Peter, Bjorn and John Young; Folks 2009
Homebase (whistling ad) .. Peter, Bjorn and John; Young Folks 2009
Homebase .. Pasadena Roof Orchestra; "Double Check Stomp" 2008 watch
Homebase Autumn Collection .. Lerner & Loewe; Wouldn't It Be Lovely (from My Fair Lady) 2007
Homebase .. James Baskett; Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah (from Song of the South) 2007
Homebase .. Judy Garland; Get Happy 2006
Homebase .. Verna Felton; Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo from Disney's Cinderella 2006
Homebase .. Beloved: Sweet Harmony 2006
Honda Accord Cross Tour .. Miriam Makeba; Pata Pata 2010 watch
Honda Everything .. Battles; Atlas 2009
Honda Let It Shine .. Berend Dubbe and Gwen Thomas; This Little Light Of Mine 2009
Honda Accord .. Esquivel The Breeze and I (Andalucia) 2008 watch
Honda FCX Clarity .. Mark Mothersbaugh; Ping Island 2008 watch
Honda Accord Sedan.. Electric Light Orchestra / E.L.O. Hold On Tight 2007 and 2008 watch
Honda Power of Dreams .. Andy Williams; The Impossible Dream 2005 watch
Honda Civic .. Primal Scream; Loaded 2003
Honda .. Sugarhill Gang; Rapper's Delight 2003
Honda Cleo .. Jeff Beck; Stand on it 1989/90 watch
Horlicks .. Francoise Hardy; Voila 2005
Hoseasons Holidays .. Status Quo; Whatever You Want 2000
Hotpoint Aqua .. Vangelis; Ask The Mountains 2007
Hotpoint Recommends Ariel .. Lionel Richie; Easy 2005
House of Fraser .. Tunng; Out Of The Window With The Window 2006
Hovis Soft White .. Rossini; William Tell Overture 2011 listen
Hovis Hearty Oats .. Plastic Bertrand; Ca Plane Pour Moi 2010 watch
Hovis Wholemeal Cheese and Tomato Sandwich .. Calvin Harris; Ready For The Weekend 2010 watch
Hovis Best of Both Bread Jam Sandwich .. Adam Ant; Goody Two Shoes 2010 watch
Hovis Soft White Bread Bacon Sandwich .. The Stranglers; No More Heroes 2010 watch
HP Hewlett Packard dv6t .. Jimi Hendrix; Foxey Lady 2011 watch
HP Envy (Hewlett Packard) - Beats by Dr Dre .. Dr Dre featuring Jay-Z; Under Pressure 2011 watch
HP: Hewlett Packard Web Enabled Printers .. Melanie: Brand New Key 2010 watch
HP: Hewlett Packard Photosmart 475 .. Robins; Out Of The Picture 2005
HP: Hewlett Packard .. The Kinks: 'Picture Book' 2004
HP: Hewlett Packard .. The Cure: 'Pictures of You' 2003
HP: Hewlett Packard .. Deep Purple: 'Smoke on the Water' 2004
HP Sauce Tomato Ketchup .. Squirrel Nut Zippers; Suits Are Picking Up The Bill 2006
HP Sauce .. Elgar; Pomp & Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2006
HSA Health Insurance .. Ella Fitzgerald; Sunny 2005
HSBC Little Investor .. Peter Raeburn and Nick Foster; Map Maker 2012 watch
HSBC Lemonade .. Soundtree; Thank Heaven For Little Girls 2012 listen (M. Chevalier)
HSBC Chinese New Year .. Chang Loo; Dang Bu Liao 2012 watch
HSBC - What Do Trees Mean To You? Orff; Gassenhauer from Musica Poetica:Schulwerk 2007
HSBC .. Barry Gray; Aqua Marina 2006
HSBC .. Hope of the States; Black Amnesias 2006
HSBC .. Michel Legrand; Di Gue Ding Ding 2006
HSBC .. Ink Spots; Bless You (For Being An Angel) 2005
HTC One Freefall Fashion Shoot .. Chromatics; Tick of the Clock 2012 watch
HTC - Sensation XL .. SebastiAn; Holloback / X Hollow 2011 watch
HTC VTS 980 .. Nina Simone; Sinner Man 2009 watch
Huggies Nappies .. Madness: 'It must be love' ~ New Zealand
Hugo Boss Orange .. Hives; Hate To Say I Told You So 2011 watch
Hugo Boss Bottled - Night .. Massive Attack; Angel 2010 watch
Hugo Boss .. Rob Dougan; Clubbed To Death 2009 watch
Hugo Boss for women .. Beatles; Drive My Car 2009 watch
Hogo Boss Pure .. made especially for the ad by Schmooze Production 2008
Hugo Boss Femme .. Klima; City 2007
Hugo Boss XX & XY .. Johnny Kidd and The Pirates; Shakin' All Over 2007
Hugo Boss Pure Purple .. Mint Royale; Wait For You 2006
Hummer .. Filter; Only Way (Is the Wrong Way) 2003
Hummer .. The Who: 'Happy Jack'
Hummer .. Tom Jones: "Help Yourself"
Hush Puppies .. Rufus Thomas; Walking The Dog 2000
Hyundai Veloster .. Crystal Method; Dirty Thirty 2011 watch
Hyundai - New Thinking .. Vanessa James; Commissioned Track 2011
Hyundai ix20 Life In Boxes .. Alex Winston; Choice Notes 2010 watch
Hyundai i30 .. Shelagh Mcdonald; Rainy Night Blues 2008
Hyundai .. Colder; Silicone Sexy 2007
Hyundai Tucson .. Max Richter; Vladimir's Blues 2006
Hyundai Cars .. Johann Strauss: 'Wine, Women and Song' ~ New Zealand
I >>>
I.B.M .. Kinks: I'm Not Like Everybody Else uk 2006
I Cant Believe Its Not Butter .. Monkees: I'm A Believer uk 2000
Ibuleve .. Robson & Jerome: I Believe 2007
Ice Age .. Rusted Root: Send Me On My Way uk 2003
Iceland - Christmas Showcase .. Stacey Solomon; Driving Home For Christmas 2011 watch
Iceland - Christmas Cabaret .. Iceland Mums; Christmas Can-Can 2010 watch
Iceland - Weight Watchers Promotion .. Rossini: William Tell Overture 2005
Icelolly.com - Compare Packages .. Hot Chocolate; You Sexy Thing 2011 watch
IKEA - Bedrooms .. Fanfare Ciocarlia; Asfalt Tango Also sampled on: Serk (ft Schampus) - Bangersexy 2011 watch .
IKEA Kitchen Party .. Jona Lewie presents Man Like Me; Youll Always Find Me In The Kitchen At Parties 2010 watch
IKEA - Happy Inside .. Mara Carlyle; Pianni 2010 watch
IKEA .. Tom Jones: Green, Green Grass Of Home 2007
IKEA - the sale is on .. Peter, Bjorn & John: Young Folks 2007
IKEA - Sale .. Jean Jacques Perrey; Colonie Celeste 2006
IKEA .. Ervin Webb & The Prisoners; I'm Goin' Home 2005
Ilva Furniture .. Paolo Conte; Via Con Me 2006
Imperial Leather SkinKind Flower Shower .. Alex Banks; Snow 2010 watch
Imperial Leather Toiletries - Hugs Range .. Ben Sands; Hugs 2007/2008
Impulse Body Spray .. Saturdays; Forever is Over 2009 watch
Impulse .. Max Avery Lichtenstein: Tarnation 2007
Impulse Tease .. Salt n Pepa; Push It 2006
Impulse Thrill .. Casanovas; Shake It 2005
Indago Satellite Navigation System .. Ian McLagan; I Will Follow 2006
Indesit - Moon .. New Order; Hey Now What You Doing 2007/8
Independent .. Dr Dre; Still D.R.E. 2004
India .. Karl Jenkins; Zarabanda (Sarabande) 2006
ING Direct Snowball Games .. Boy Least Likely To Be Gentle With Me 2008
ING: Fernando Alonso .. Chris Coco; Dreaming of Shibuya In The Rain Again 2008
Innocent Fruit Loves This Water .. Billy Ocean; Suddenly 2010 watch
Inland Revenue Tax Credits .. Upsetters; Return of Django 2004 watch
Intel .. New Young Pony Club: "Ice Cream" (2006)
Intel Core Duo Processor .. Teddybears; Different Sound 2006
Intel Core Duo Processor .. Carlos Jean; Mr Dabada 2006
Intel Core Duo Processor .. New Young Pony Club; Ice Cream 2006
Intel In Macs .. Moby; God Moving Over The Face Of The Waters 2006
Intel Centrino .. Seal; Crazy 2005
Interflora Mothers Day .. Daniel Holter & Kyle White; Whistler Float 2011 watch
Investec What We Do .. Angry Vs. The Bear; Show Emotion 2012 watch
Ireland Discover Ireland .. Shaun Davey; The Welcome Visitor 2007
Ireland .. Chicane & Maire Brennan; Saltwater 2003
Irn-Bru - Cut Out Summer .. Paolo Nutini; Pencil Full of Lead 2011 watch
Irn-bru Thats Phenomenal .. Candle Music Commissioned Track 2010 watch
Irn-Bru .. Undertones; Here Comes The Summer 2007
Irn Bru .. Aled Jones; Walking In The Air 2006
Isklar Pure Glacier .. Plaid; Zamami 2008
iPod Touch: Grid .. Brendan Benson; What I'm Looking For 2008
ITV Bingo.com .. Dave Carey - Bingo! 2011 watch or read about
some ITV UEFA ad's are under U
ITV Fifa World Cup Credits .. Vusi Mahlasela; When You Come Back 2010 watch
ITV World Cup .. Jimi Hendrix; Fire 2010 listen
ITV 2010 World Cup Qualifier Highlights Intro .. Verve; Bitter Sweet Symphony 2009 watch
ITV Bright Side .. Nadia Fay; Honeycomb 2009
ITV Euro 2008 Titles .. Natasha Marsh; Queen of The Night from The Magic Flute (Mozart) 2008
ITV The Baron .. Whitey; Sweet Words For The Sour 2008
ITV 'Supernatural' Trailer .. AC/DC; Back In Black 2008
ITV 'Supernatural' Trailer .. George Michael; The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face 2007
ITV4 .. The Contender Challenge US v UK .. Sex Pistols; God Save The Queen 2007
ITV4 .. The Contender Challenge US v UK .. Jimi Hendrix; Star Spangled Banner 2007
ITV Primeval New Series .. Muse; Map of the Problematique 2007
ITV Hell's Kitchen USA .. Frankie Goes To Hollywood; Two Tribes 2006
ITV World Cuppa .. Sergio Mendes; Mas Que Nada 2006
ITV World Cup 2006 .. Kasabian; Heroes 2006
ITV Wrestlemania .. Peter Gabriel; Big Time 2006
ITV Movies .. Feeder; Feeling A Moment 2006
ITV2 - Winter .. Aqualung; Brighter Than Sunshine 2006
ITV 'Supernatural' Trailer .. Speedometer; All I Ever Need 2006
ITV 'Supernatural' Trailer .. Echo & The Bunnymen; Killing Moon 2006
ITV Winter Line Up .. Willis; Take You High 2006
ITV1 - Western Season .. Stranglers; No More Heroes 2005
ITV I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here .. Guns 'n' Roses; Welcome To The Jungle 2003
ITV I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here .. Kool and the Gang; Jungle Boogie 2003
ITV Midsomer Murders Theme .. Jim Parker; Midsomer Murders
J >>>
J. C. Penney: American Living .. Robert Plant/Alison Krauss: Killing The Blues 2008
J. C. Penney: American Living .. Chris Montez: Lets Dance 2008
J2O Glitterberry .. Weather Girls; It's Raining Men 2011 watch
J2O .. Hint: Quite Spectacular 2007
J.J.B Sports - Ready? .. Sonny J; Cant Stop Moving 2011 watch
Jack Daniels Happy Holidays Barrel Tree .. Brighton, MA Good Kind of Crazy 2011 watch
Jacobs Cream Crackers .. Ethiopians: Train To Skaville 2000
Jaguar XF - Winner For Four Years .. The Heavy; How You Like Me Now 2011 watch
Jaguar XF .. Deep Purple; Hush 2008
Jaguar .. Fujiya & Miyagi: Collarbone 2007
Jaguar .. Spoon: I Turn My Camera On 2006
Jaguar .. Massive Attack: Two Rocks and a Cup of Water 2006
Jaguar .. Chris Isaak: "Wicked Game" ~ US & UK 2001
Jamaica .. Bob Marley and the Wailers One Love; People Get Ready 2006
James Bond : Die Another Day .. Madonna; Die Another Day 2003
James Bond : Diamonds are Forever .. Shirley Bassey; Diamonds are Forever 2003
James Bond : The World Is Not Enough .. Garbage; The World is not Enough 1999
James Bond : Tomorrow Never Dies .. Sheryl Crow; Tomorrow Never Dies 1997
James Bond : Tomorrow Never Dies .. Moby; James Bond 1997
James Bond : Goldeneye .. Tina Turner; Goldeneye 1995
James Bond : Living Daylights .. A-Ha; Living Daylights 1987
James Bond : View To A Kill .. Duran Duran; View To A Kill 1985
James Bond : Octopussy .. Rita Coolidge; All Time High 1983
James Bond : Moonraker .. Shirley Bassey; Moonraker 1979
James Bond : The Spy Who Loved Me .. Carly Simon; Nobody Does It Better 1977
James Bond : Majesty's Secret Service .. Louis Armstrong; All The Time In The World 1969
James Bond : You Only Live Twice .. Nancy Sinatra; You Only Live Twice 1967
James Bond : Thunderball .. Tom Jones; Thunderball 1965
James Bond : Goldfinger .. Shirley Bassey; Goldfinger 1964
James Bond : Dr No .. Monty Norman; James Bond 1962
James Villa Holidays Happy Feet .. Kermit The Frog and The Frog Chorus; Happy Feet 2011 watch
Jameson Whisky .. T Rex; 20th Century Boy 2005
Jameson Whisky .. Cozy Powell; Dance With The Devil 2005
Jean Paul Gautier Classics .. Niccolò Paganini's "Nessun Dorma" 2007
Jean Paul Gautier Les Parfums .. Maria Callas; Bellinis "Casta Diva" 2003
Jeep .. Hal David & John Cacavas Winter Warm 2010
Jeep: Liberty .. Andy Kim; Rock Me Gently 2007 watch
Jergens Naturals .. Jess Penner; Here Comes The Sunshine 2009
Jeyes Bloo Fusion .. Tchaikovsky; Waltz (No 2 Valse) - Entrance of The Guests from Act 1, Swan Lake 2007
Jimmy Choo - Parfum .. Zoozoo; Velvet Underground 2011 watch
John Lewis - Gifts .. Slow Moving Millie; Please, Please, Please Let Me Get What I Want 2011 watch
John Lewis - Never Knowingly Undersold .. The Smiths - This Charming Man; The Selecter - On My Radio; Dusty Springfield - I Only Want To Be With You; London String Chorale - Galloping Home (theme from the Adventures of Black Beauty; Elton John - Rocket Man; Sade - Smooth Operator; The Kooks - Shine On 2011 watch
John Lewis - Christmas 2010 .. Ellie Goulding; Your Song 2010 watch
John Lewis Womans Life .. Fyfe Dangerfield: Shes Always a Woman To Me 2010 watch
John Lewis .. Taken By Trees; Sweet Child O' Mine 2009 DL
John Lewis - Christmas 2008 .. Beatles cover "From Me to You" especially produced for the ad 2008 watch
John Lewis - Christmas 2007 .. Prokofiev; Morning Serenade from Romeo and Juliet 2007
John Smiths .. Kid Creole and the Coconuts; Annie, I'm Not Your Daddy 2004
John Smiths .. Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg; Je T'Aime ... Moi Non Plus 2000
John West Weightwatchers Tuna Fillings .. Vernon Dalhart; The Runaway Train 2007
Juicy Couture: Viva La Juicy .. Elegant Too ft. Ambrosia Parsley; My World 2011 watch
K >>>
Kärcher Spring Clean .. Fats Waller; Spring Cleaning (Getting Ready For Love) 2010 watch
Karcher 25th Anniversary .. Mick Tucker; Greig's Piano Concerto in A Minor 2009 listen
Karcher VC 6300 .. Marjolein: Sweetest Eyes 2006
Kelkoo .. Corona: Rhythm of the Night 2000
Kelloggs Special K Dare To Wear Red .. David Guetta ft Kelly Rowland; When Love Takes Over 2012 watch
Kelloggs Special K More Delicious Everyday .. Paloma Faith; Upside Down 2011 listen
Kelloggs Crunchy Nut Clusters .. Berlin; Take My Breath Away 2011 watch
Kelloggs Special K: myspecialk.co.uk .. Duffy; Mercy 2011 watch
Kelloggs Special K Love Your Shape .. Sugababes: Red Dress (Mutya Mix) 2010 watch
Kelloggs Corn Flakes Sunshine Street Breakfast .. Primal Scream; Movin On Up 2010 watch
Kelloggs Special K Fruit and Nut Clusters .. Jill Pickering; Shine 2010 watch
Kelloggs Nutrigrain Bars .. The Feeling; Fill My Little World 2010 listen
Kelloggs Special "K" .. Joy Williams; Sunny Day 2010 watch
Kelloggs Coco Pops .. Alice Cooper; School's Out 2010 listen
Kelloggs Special "K" - Jeans Challenge .. Scouting For Girls; She's So Lovely 2010 listen
Kelloggs Nutrigrain Bars .. Andrea True Connection; More, More, More 2009 listen
Kelloggs Coco Rocks - Wholegrain .. EMF; Unbelievable 2009
Kelloggs Coco Pops .. Snap; The Power 2009
Kelloggs Special "K" .. Laura Izibor; Shine 2009
Kelloggs Special "K" - 10 Varieties .. Pelle Carlberg; Riverbank 2009
Kelloggs Special "K" .. Aretha Franklin; Save Me 2009 watch
Kelloggs Cherrios .. Ben Taylor; I Try 2008 listen
Kelloggs Cornflakes: Hint of Honey .. ?music interlude/Ella Fitzgerald? You're Gonna Lose Your Gal 2008 listen
Kelloggs Coco Pops: Moons and Stars .. Lipps Inc; Funky Town 2008
Kelloggs Coco Pops Coco Rocks: Caveman .. Owen Paul; My Favourite Waste Of Time 2008
Kelloggs Special "K" .. Ken Parker; I Can't Hide 2008
Kelloggs Special "K" .. Turin Brakes; Fishing For A Dream 2008
Kelloggs Zookeeper Competition .. Laurie Johnson Orchestra: Animal Magic Theme (Las Vegas) 2008
Kelloggs Special K Slimmer For Summer Winter Clothes .. Real Tuesday Weld; The Show Must Go On 2008
Kelloggs Special K .. Connie Francis; Fallin' 2008
Kelloggs Special K .. Dave Dee,Dozy,Beaky,Mick & Tich; Bend It 2008
Kelloggs Conflakes .. Francis Lai; Love Story 2008
Kelloggs Special K Bars .. Jem: Wish I 2007
Kelloggs Special K Mini Breaks .. Cheap Trick; I Want You To Want Me 2007 & 2008
Kelloggs - Wheats .. Jackie Wilson: Reet Petite 2007
Kelloggs Crunchy Nut Cornflakes .. Damita Jo: Keep Your Hands Off Him 2007
Kelloggs Crunchy Nut Cornflakes .. Elgar: Pomp And Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2007
Kelloggs Fruit'n'Fibre .. Boots Randolph: Yakety Sax 2007
Kelloggs Sp K .. Koop: Summer Sun 2007
Kelloggs Sp K .. Johnny Nash: I Can See Clearly Now 2007
Kelloggs Sp K .. Chris Montez The More I See You 2007
Kelloggs Sp K .. Dusty Springfield: I Just Don't Know What To Do With Myself 2006
Kelloggs Sp K .. Astrid Gilberto: 'Girl from Impanema'
Kelloggs Sp K .. Tom Jones: 'What's New Pussycat'
Kelloggs Sp K .. Blondie: "One Way Or Another"
Kelloggs Sp K .. De Phazz: Mambo Craze 2006
Kelloggs Sp K red berries .. Liverpool Express: "It's A Beautiful Day" ~ 2005
Kelloggs Nutri-Grain Bars .. Pilot: Magic 2005
Kelloggs Cornflakes .. Jeff Beck; Hi Ho Silver Lining 2004
Kelloggs Fruit'n'Fibre .. Carmen Miranda; I Yi Yi Yi Yi (I Like You Very Much) 1996
Kenco Tassimo Coffee Machine .. Us3; Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia) 2005
Kenco Caffe Crema .. Etta James; At Last 2005
Kenco .. Bizet; March of the Toreadors from "Carmen" 2004
Kenco .. Ennio Morricone; Musical Pocket Watch 2003
Kentucky Fried Chicken .. Lynard Skynard: 'Sweet Home Alabama'
Kenwood Frothie Hot'n'Cold Drinks Maker .. Don Ho; Tiny Bubbles 2005
Kenzo Flower Tag .. Tricky; Cross to Bear 2011 watch
Kenzo Flower .. Martina Topley-Bird; Lullaby 2006
KFC BBQ Rancher .. June Noa; Shes a Lady 2012 watch
KFC - So Good .. Temple Cloud; One Big Family 2011 watch
KFC .. Andy Williams; Can't Take My Eyes Off You 2010 listen
KFC - Favourites Bucket .. Ramones; Baby I Love You 2006
KFC - Popcorn .. Sam Cooke; Somebody's Gonna Miss Me 2004
KFC - Mini Fillets .. Chi-Lites; What Do I Wish For 2004
KGB .. Black Keys; Howlin' For You 2011 listen
Kia: New Range .. Chul Shin; Commissioned Track 2011 watch
Kia Sportage: Sing Along .. Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five; The Message 2011 watch
Kia Carens .. Yunioshi; Mymo 2007
Kilkenny .. Fleetwood Mac; Need Your Love So Bad 2000
Kinder Surprise - Giraffe .. Eliza Doolittle; Pack Up 2011 watch
King of Shaves Azor .. Mat Le Star; Lust and Charm 2009 watch
King of Shaves .. Death In Vegas; Dirge 2006
Kiss FM .. Gary Jules; Mad World 2003
Kingsmill Wake Up To Wholegrain .. Madness; House Of Fun 2009
Kingsmill .. Lucky Jim: 'Your Lovely To Me' UK 2007
Kingsmill Head Start with Omega3 .. Louis Armstrong ft. Bing Crosby: 'Gone Fishin' 2006
Kingsmill .. Vivaldi: Spring (allegro) from 'The Four Seasons' 2002
Kingsmill .. Nat King Cole: 'Smile' 2000
Kingsmill .. Shirley Bassey: Big Spender 2000
Kingsmill .. Supernaturals: 'Smile' 2000
Kit Kat Pop Choc .. Frankie Laine; Rawhide 2011 watch
Kit Kat - Crane drivers .. The Fratellis; Chelsea Dagger 2011 watch
Kit Kat .. The Enemy; We'll Live and Die In These Towns 2010 watch
Kit Kat .. Diana Ross and the Supremes; You Can't Hurry Love 2010 watch
Kit Kat - Kit Kash Promotion .. Bill Conti; Theme From Dynasty 2005
Kleenex Balsam - Always There .. Katie Herzig; Were All In This Together 2011 watch
Kleenex Mansize - New Smaller Box .. Jacques Dutronc; Mini, Mini, Mini 2011 watch
Kleenex .. Starrfadu; Let It Out 2007
Kmart .. B52s: 'Rock Lobster'
K-Mart .. Kim Wilde: 'Kids in America'
Knorr: Thai Curry Sauce .. Fern Kinney; Together We Are Beautiful 2006 listen
Knorr: Ragu .. Carmen Miranda; I Yi Yi Yi Yi (I Like You Very Much) 2006 listen
Knorr: Herb Cubes .. Penguin Cafe Orchestra Perpetuum Mobile 2000 Listen
Kodak Inkjet Printer - Beautifully Cheap .. The Undertones; Here Comes The Summer 2011 watch
Kohl's .. Temptations: 'Get Ready'
Kohl's .. Lovin' Spoonful: 'Do You Believe In Magic'
KP Hula Hoops: Sport Relief Hoopathon.. The Hit Crew; Jump In The Line (Shake, Senora) 2010 watch
KP Hula Hoops .. Village People; YMCA 2009
KP .. David Rose; The Stripper 2000
KP .. Carter USM; Shoppers Paradise 2000
Kraft Dairylea .. Supergrass; Alright 2010 listen
Kraft Dairylea Cheese .. Jilted Jon; Jilted John (Gordon Is A Moron) 2008
Kraft Dairylea Dunkers .. Ron Goodwin; 633 Squadron 2006
Kraft Mayo .. Grand Funk: 'Some Kind of Wonderful'
Kronenbourg 1664 - bar musicians .. Madness - Baggy Trousers (slow version) 2011 watch
Kronenbourg 1664 Motörhead .. Motörhead: Ace of Spades (Slow Version) 2010 watch
Kronenbourg 1664 .. Britney Spears; Beat Goes On 2008
Kronenbourg 1664 .. Patsy Cline; Walkin' After Midnight 2006
Kronenbourg 1664 .. Henry Purcell; Suite From Abdelazar: Overture 2006
K-Swiss .. Creepy Morons; Superhits 2006
K-Swiss .. Crime; Gangster Funk 2006
K-Swiss .. Tha 4orce; Biting on the Hook (With the Bat) 2006
L >>>
L.L. Beans: Holiday 2008 .. Fountains Of Wayne; Valley Winter Song 2008 watch
LOreal Paris Preference .. Death In Vegas; Your Loft My Acid (Fearless Transhouse Mix) 2012 watch
LOreal: Spike Fanatic Sculpting Gel .. Goldfrapp; Ooh La La 2011 watch
L'Oreal: Age Re-Perfect - Jane Fonda .. Craig Armstrong; Finding Beauty 2008 watch
L'Oreal: Men Expert .. Sebastien Tellier; La Ritournelle 2007/8 watch
L' Oreal with Andie Macdowell .. Craig Armstrong (remix): Finding Beauty 2007
La Redoute - Paris Rendevous .. Lovisa Stenmark; On and On 2011 watch
Lacoste - Eau De Lacoste .. Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five; The Message 2011 watch
Lacoste Joy of Pink - Streamers .. If The Kids; Life? Is Now 2010 watch
Lacoste Elegance for Men .. Nat King Cole: Destination Moon 2007
Lacoste Inspiration .. Tom Jones; She's A Lady 2006
Lacoste Touch of Pink .. Natasha Thomas; Show You (The Way) 2006
Lacoste Touch of Pink .. Natasha Thomas; Skin Deep 2005
Lacoste Essential .. Feist; Mushaboom 2005
Lacoste Touch of Pink .. Natasha Thomas; It's Over Now 2004
Ladbrokes World Cup 2010 .. Quincy Jones; It's Caper Time (Self Preservation Society) 2010 watch
Ladbrokes Bingo .. Beach Boys; Fun Fun Fun 2009 listen
Lambrini .. Al Wilson; The Snake 2007
Land Of Leather One Day Sale .. Simply Red; Fairground 2008
Land Of Leather .. Dexy's Midnight Runners Come On Eileen 2008
Land of Leather .. Survivor; Eye of the Tiger 2007
Land of Leather .. Arrow; Hot Hot Hot 2007
Land of Leather Boxing Day Sale .. Chesney Hawkes; The One and Only 2007
Land of Leather Sale .. Europe; The Final Countdown 2007
Land of Leather £50 million Clearance Sale .. Lulu; Shout 2006
Land Rover Discovery 3 .. Mills Brothers; Tiger Rag 2009
Land Rover Freelander 2 .. Jon Allen; Going Home 2008
Land Rover Freelander .. Elgar; Nimrod from Enigma Variations 2005
Lastminute.com: Stories Start Here .. Louis Prima; Enjoy Yourself 2011 watch
Lastminute.com: Do More Good Stuff .. Mumford & Sons; The Cave 2010 watch
Lastminute.com .. Sonny J; Can't Stop Moving 2009
LateRooms.Com For Your Every Need .. Asobi Seksu; Thursday 2012 watch
LateRooms.Com .. Super Preachers ft. Sista Moon; I Feel Happy 2011 watch
LateRooms.Com: Holiday Bubbles .. Lucky Elephant; Lucky Elephant 2010 watch
Lego; Rock Band .. Queen; We Will Rock You 2009
Lego: Indiana Jones Movie Collection .. John Williams; Raiders March 2008
Lenor Pink .. Liz Mcclarnon; I Get The Sweetest Feeling 2006
Lenor Goodbye Cardboard Jeans .. Koop; I See A Different You 2007
Levis .. RJD2; The Horror 2006
Levis 559 Voodoo Jeans .. Stevie Wonder; Superstition 2005
Levi Jeans .. Willie Nelson: "Always On My Mind" ~ 2004
Levi Sta-prest Trousers .. Mr. Oizo; Flat Beat 1999 watch
Levi 501 Jeans .. Spaceman; Babylon Zoo 1996 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Taxi .. Freak Power; Turn On, Tune In, Cop Out 1995 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Creek .. Inside; Stiltskin 1995 watch
Levi 501 Jeans .. Shaggy; Boombastic 1995 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Procession .. Screamin' Jay Hawkins; Heartattack and Vine 1993 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Swimmer .. Mad about the Boy; Dinah Washington 1992 watch
Levi Jeans - Brad Pitt ad .. Marc Bolan; 20th Century Boy 1991 watch
Levi Jeans - Pool Hall .. The Clash; Should I Stay or Should I Go? 1991 watch
Levi 527 Jeans - man throwing pebbles at window .. Madness: 'It Must Be Love' 19?? watch
Levi 501 Jeans .. The Joker; Steve Miller Band 1990 watch
Levi Jeans .. Eddie Cochran; C'mon Everybody! 1988 watch
Levi Jeans - Entrance .. Ben E. King; Stand by Me 1987 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Parting .. Percy Sledge; When a Man Loves a Woman 1987 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Bath .. Sam Cooke; Wonderful World 1986 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Laundrette .. Marvin Gaye; "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" 1985 watch
Levonelle One Step Contraception .. Golden Dogs; Lester 2009
Lexmark .. Rolling Stones: 'Complicated'
Lexus .. Isaac Albeniz; "Asturias" from Suite Espagnol 2007
Lexus 220d .. Ross Gregory; Fibre Optic 2006
LG Arena - KM900 .. Jay-Kid; Blame It On The Boogie 2009
LG KP500 Cookie free touch .. Mozart; Symphony No 40 - 1st movement 2009 watch
LG: Secret .. Sungki Lee production/Puccini; One Fine Day (Un Bel Dì Vedremo) from Madame Butterfly 2008 watch
LG: HD TVs .. Beach Boys; Good Vibrations 2008 watch
LG: Chocolate .. Feist; My Moon My Man 2007 watch
Lifestyle Sports .. Von Bondies: "C'mon C'mon" (late 2006)
Lifetime TV Network .. Bee Gees: 'Lonely Days'
Limara: body spray .. Stevie Lange; Remember My Name 1985
Lindemans .. T Rex; 20th Century Boy 2011 listen
Lipton Iced Tea - 100% Natural .. Groove Armada ft. SaintSaviour; I Wont? Kneel 2011 watch
Lipton Green Iced Tea .. Clyde McPhatter: 'Little Bitty Pretty One'
Littlewoods - Christmas Ideas .. Specially Recorded; My Lovely Mother 2011 watch
Littlewoods - Perfect Christmas Gifts From Coleen Rooney .. Danny Elfman; Whats This? 2010 watch
Littlewoods Nice Boots Camp .. Nancy Sinatra; These Boots Are Made For Walkin' 2010 watch
Littlewoods .. T Rex; I Love To Boogie 2009
Littlewoods Direct - Brazilian Adventure .. The Belle Stars; Iko Iko 2008
Living TV: Britain's Next Top Model .. Band of Skulls; Death By Diamonds and Pearls 2010 listen
Living TV: Moonlight .. Sam Sparro; Black & Gold 2008
Lloyds TSB - London 2012 Journey .. Elena Kats-Chernin; Elizas Aria 2011 watch
Lloyds Bank .. Elena Kats-Chernin; Eliza's Aria from Wild Swans 2007
Lloyds/TSB .. Bach; Sleepers Awake 1993
London Marathon - Theme .. Ron Goodwin; Theme from The Trap 2011 watch
London Transport For London - Think Biker .. Steph Altman; If You Got To Know Me 2010 watch
London Transport For London - Kid Again .. Audio Bullys; Real Life 2009
London Transport For London - Better Off By Bike Campaign .. Dawn Landes; Straight Lines 2007
London Transport For London .. David Motion; Chamber Music IV 2006
Look What We Found Tees Valley Meatballs .. Cliff Richard and The Shadows; In The Country 2012 watch
LOUD by Tommy Hilfiger: Scent Remixed .. The Ting Tings; Were Not The Same 2010 watch
Love It! Magazine .. Huey 'Piano' Smith and His Clowns; Don't You Just Know It 2007
Lovefilm Instant Try It For Free .. College A Real Hero 2012 watch
Lovefilm Instant Late Night .. Emiliana Torrini; Gun 2012 watch
Lovefilm .. Lotte Mullan; It Must Be Love 2012 watch
Lovefilm .. James Vincent McMorrow; Higher Love 2011 watch
Lovefilm .. MoZella; Love is Endless 2011 listen
Lovefilm .. Robert Palmer; Addicted To Love 2011 listen
Lovefilm .. Status Quo; Whatever You Want 2011 listen
Lovefilm .. Huey Lewis and the News; Power Of Love 2010 listen
Lovefilm .. Spencer Davis Group; Gimme Some Loving 2009 listen
Lovefilm .. John Paul Young; Love Is In The Air 2009 listen
Lovefilm .. Madness; It Must Be Love 2009 listen
Lucozade Energy: YES .. The James Cleaver Quintet; Buck Rogers 2011 watch
Lucozade Sport: Lite .. DJ Fresh; Louder 2011 watch
Lucozade Sport: YES .. Tinie Tempah ft Travis Barker; Simply Unstoppable (YES Remix) 2011 watch
Lucozade Energy: Do More .. The Plight; Ball and Chain 2010 watch
Lucozade: The Energy Within, New Orleans/Hamburg .. Brigade; What Are You Waiting For 2008 watch
Lucozade Energy .. UNKLE; Safe In Mind (Please Take This Gun From Out My Face) 2006
Lucozade Sport - Fine Line .. Scratch Perverts; Stand By 2006
Lucozade Energy: Zombie ad .. Audio Bullies; We Don't Care 2006
Lunn Poly .. Marvelettes; When You're Young And In Love 2000
Lurpak Lighter Be Wonderful and Wise .. Rutger Hauer; Cooking Up A Rainbow 2012 watch
Lurpak: Kitchen Odyssey .. Alexandre Desplat; Canis Lupus 2011 watch
Lux Shower Gel - Limousine .. 411; Dumb 2004
LV.com .. Sonics; Have Love, Will Travel 2007
Lynx Hair Get Some Hair Action .. Jacqueline Taïeb; La Plus Belle Chanson 2012 watch
Lynx Attract Unleash the Chaos .. Katie Lee; It Must Be Something Psychological 2012 watch
Lynx 2012 - Get It On For The End Of The World .. Specially Recorded; No Man Can Walk Alone 2011 watch
Lynx Excite - My Angel Girlfriend .. Linda Ronstadt; Different Drum 2011 watch
Lynx - Summer Holiday .. Courtney John - Lucky Man 2011 watch
Lynx Shower Gel - The Wash .. Brenda & the Tabulations; The Wash 2011 watch
Lynx Excite: Even Angels Will Fall .. The Fallen Angels; Sexy Boy 2011 watch
Lynx - Getting Dressed .. Israel Kamakawiwoole; Somewhere Over the Rainbow 2010 watch
Lynx Twist The Fragrance That Changes .. Juan Pablo Gariglio-bone with a dog/Special Track 2010 watch
Lynx Hot Fever .. Harry Belafonte; Jump In The Line 2009
Lynx Bullet - Pocket Pulling Power .. Seeds; Can't Seem To Make You Mine 2009
Lynx Instinct .. Cody ChesnuTT; Look Good In Leather 2009
Lynx: chocolate man .. Allen Toussaint; Sweet Touch of Love 2008
Lynx 3; Mix things up .. Micah P. Hinson; Yard Of Blonde Girls 2008
Lynx Boost Shower Gel .. Blueskins; Change My Mind 2006
Lynx Deodorant - Click .. Johnny 'Guitar' Watson; Gangster of Love 2006
Lynx deodorant .. The Bees; Chicken Payback
Lynx .. Israel Kamakawiwo'ole; Somewhere Over the Rainbow 2004
Lynx .. Esquivel; Miniskirt 1999
M & Co - Effortless Style .. Jasmine Kara; Try My Love Again 2011 watch
M & Ms .. Iron & Wine: 'Such Great Heights'
Macleans Teeth Care Sponsors of Dancing on Ice .. Slow Club; Apples and Pairs 2010 watch
Magic FM .. Michael Buble: Everything 2007
Magners Perfect Bar .. Fleetwood Mac; I've Lost My Baby 2008 watch
Magners Light .. Os Mutantes/The Bees; A Minha Menina 2008 watch
Magners Cider .. Byrds; Lazy Days 2008 watch
Magners Cider: Indoor Celebrations .. Steve Earle ft. Sharon Shannon; Galway Girl 2008 watch
Magners Christmas .. Fiona Melady; Don't Sit Under The Apple Tree 2007
Magners Cider .. The Kinks; Sunny Afternoon 2007
Magners That Journey .. Fatboy Slim; The Journey 2007
Magners Cider .. Zombies; 'Time of the Season' 2006
Magners Cider .. INXS; 'Beautiful Girl' 2006
Magners Cider .. Strangeloves; Night Time 2006
Magners Cider .. Donovan; Sunshine Superman 2006
Magners Cider .. Thin Lizzy; Dancing In The Moonlight 2006
Magnet Your Perfect Kitchen .. Julie Andrews; Getting To Know You (From The King and I) 2008 watch
Mail On Sunday You Mag .. Alex Ball (composer)/Phillipa Alexander (singer); Sunday Girl 2010 watch
Mail On Sunday Tesco Couplons .. Buddy Holly; Everyday 2009
Mail On Sunday Roxy Music CD .. Roxy Music; Avalon 2009
Mail on Sunday John Lennon CD .. John Lennon; Jealous Guy 2009
Mail on Sunday John Lennon CD .. John Lennon; Imagine 2009
Mail on Sunday Simply Red - Stars Give Away .. Simply Red; Stars 2008
Mail on Sunday Travis CD Promotion .. Travis; Flowers In The Window 2007
Mail on Sunday .. Frankie Goes To Hollywood; Two Tribes 2007
Mail on Sunday Planet Earth by Prince - Free Cd .. Prince; Guitar 2007
Mail on Sunday Maybe Baby - free DVD .. Barry White; You're The First, The Last, My Everything 2006
Maltesers Celebrating 75 Years .. Jess Penner All Smiles 2012 listen
Mango - Kate Moss .. Bradley Michael Holland; Specially Commissioned Track 2011 watch
Manikin Cigars .. Manfred Mann; A 'B' Side 1969
Marks & Spencer Summer To Remember .. Gary Barlow; Here Comes The Sun 2012 watch
Marks & Spencers - Perfect Christmas Party Food .. Olly Murs; Busy (Instrumental) 2011 watch
Marks & Spencers - Christmas Ad .. X-Factor 2011 finalists; If You Wish Upon A Star 2011 watch
Marks and Spencer - Terribly Clever .. Olly Murs; Busy (Instrumental) 2011 watch
Marks and Spencer - The Date .. The Ronettes - Be My Baby 2011 watch .
Marks and Spencer The Rendezvous .. Billy Paul; Me and Mrs Jones 2011 watch .
Marks & Spencer Apricot Tart .. Olly Murs; Busy 2011 watch
Marks and Spencer Summer 2011 - Miami .. Michael Bublé; It Had Better Be Tonight 2011 watch
M & S - Dont Put a Foot Wrong This Christmas .. Bee Gees: You Should Be Dancing 2010 watch
M & S Fashion Fall For It .. Cheryl Lynn; Got To Be Real 2010 watch
M & S - Spring 2010 Collection .. Cheryl Lynn; Got To Be Real 2010 watch
Marks & Spencer - 125 Years .. Take That; Greatest Day 2009 watch
Marks & Spencer - Cook Asian .. Booker T and The MGs; Soul Limbo 2009
Marks & Spencer - Xmas Take That ad .. Macy Gray - Winter Wonderland 2008 watch
Marks & Spencer - Your Store .. David Bowie; Lets Dance 2008 watch
Marks & Spencer - Bureau De Change .. Gypsy Kings; Bambaleo 2008
Marks & Spencer Food .. Spandau Ballet; True 2008
Marks & Spencer - Free from artificial colours; Eva Cassidy; True Colors 2008 watch
M & S - Food (Free Range Eggs) .. Donovan; Mellow Yellow 2008 watch
M & S Clothes .. Erika Eigen; I Want to Marry A Lighthouse Keeper 2008 watch
M & S Christmas Belles .. Andy Williams; It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year 2007 watch
M & S .. Charioteers: Oooh, Look-A-There, Ain't She Pretty? 2007 watch
M & S/Marks & Spencer Clothes .. Small Faces; Itcheycoo Park 2007 watch
M & S Food .. Groove Armada; At The River 2007 watch
M & S Christmas Food .. Santana: "Samba Pa Ti" 2006 watch
M & S Food .. Santana: "Samba Pa Ti" ~ UK (2006)
M & S Fire and Ice .. Shirley Bassey; Get The Party Started 2006 watch
M & S Kids .. Monkees: "(Theme from) The Monkees" ~ UK 2006
M & S More Credit Card .. Laurie Johnson Orchestra; Theme from The Avengers 2006
M & S Clothes .. Steve Harley/Cockney Rebel: 'Make Me Smile (Come Up & See Me)' 2006
M & S .. Mikis Theodorakis; Zorba The Greek 2006
M & S .. Sailor; A Glass Of Champagne 2006 watch
M & S Clothes .. Ethel Merman; There's No Business Like Show Business 2005
M & S Clothes .. Electric Light Orchestra (ELO); Mr Blue Sky 2005
M & S Food .. Fleetwood Mac: "Albatross" ~ (2005)
M & S .. Finley Quaye; Your Love Gets Sweeter 2004
M & S More Credit Card .. Dean Martin; That's Amore 2003
M & S .. Brian Ferry: "Let's Get Together ~ UK
Marmaduke Trailer .. Kei$ha; Tik tok 2010 watch
Mars - Work Together.. Radford Music/ Gary Nock; Make it Better 2011 watch
Mars - Raised Voices .. England New Order; World In Motion 2010 watch
Mars .. Hubert Parry; Jerusalem 2009
Mars: Twix - Free Cuppa .. Whitesnake; Here I Go Again 2009 watch
Mars: Maltesers .. Abba; Mamma Mia 2008 watch
Mars Free Football ad .. Rossini; La Gazza Ladra Overture: The Thieving Magpie 2008 watch
Mars Bar (bell ringing monks) .. House Of Pain; Jump Around 2008 watch
Mars: Twix .. Peter Grant; Happy Together 2007
Mars: Planets .. Sweet: Blockbuster 2007
Mars .. New Order; Blue Monday 2006
Mars: Celebrations .. Blues Brothers: Everybody Needs Somebody To Love 2005/09
Mars: Maltesers .. Chaka Demus and Pliers; Tease Me 2000
Mastercard Rewards .. Bonnie Tyler; Total Eclipse Of The Heart 2010 watch
Mastercard .. Randy Newman; Feels Like Home 2009
Mastercard Euro 2008 Commentators .. Johan Strauss; Blue Danube Waltz 2008
Mastercard .. Alice Cooper; School's Out 2008 watch
Mastercard Travel Promotion .. Fink; This is the Thing 2007
Mastercard .. Findlay Brown; "Come Home" (late 2006)
Mastercard Brit Awards Sponsorship .. King; Love And Pride 2006
Mastercard Brit Awards Sponsorship .. Natasha Bedingfield; 'These Words' 2006
Matalan - Christmas Snowglobes .. Cinnamon Girl; Set You Free 2011 watch
Matalan - Forever Spring .. Crystal Fighters; Plage 2011 watch
Matalan - Best Christmas Ever? .. A Fine Frenzy; What I Wouldnt Do 2010 watch
Matalan .. Kingsmen; Louie, Louie 2006
Matalan - Expect More .. Andrea True Connection; More, More, More 2006
Matalan .. Louis Armstrong: "Zat You Santa Claus" 2005
Match.com Accidental Duet .. Squeak E. Clean; Its Just Me 2010 DL (music made for ad)
Match.com .. Dan Hill; Sometimes When I Touch You 2007
Mateus Rose .. Touch and Go; Ecoutez, Repetez 2005
Mattessons Fridge Raiders: Chicken Bites .. Andrew Kremer & Benedict Green; Gdansk Skank 2008
Mattessons Fridge Raiders .. I Monster; The Blue Wrath (Bloated) 2006
Maxwell House Coffee .. Madness: 'Our House'
Maybelline - One By One VolumExpress Mascara .. Dick Dale & His Del Tones; Misirlou 2011 watch
Maybelline Collossal .. Lalo Schifrin; Mission Impossible Theme 2009
Maynards .. Major Maker; Rollercoaster 2008
Mazda .. Noisettes: Don't Upset The Rhythm 2008
Mazda 6 .. Jupiter One; Platform Moon 2007/8 watch
Mazda 2 .. Infadels; Can't Get Enough 2007
Mazda MX5 .. Jan Cyrka; Cartel 2006
Mazda MX5 & MX6 .. Serapis Bey; Zoom Zoom Zoom 2002
Max Factor: Diva Lip Gloss .. Sohodolls; Stripper 2010 watch
McCain Potato Food Family Life .. Supertramp; Give a Little Bit 2010 watch
McCain Home Fries .. Lionel Bart; Food, Glorious Food (From Oliver!) 2007
McCoy Crisps .. Paul Anka: Puppy Love 2007
McDonalds - Hes Happy .. Special Commission; On The Street Where You Live 2011 watch
McDonalds - 1955 Burger .. Frankie Lymon & The Teenagers; Why Do Fools Fall in Love? 2011 watch .
McDonalds BCO .. Bob Dorough; Three Is The Magic Number 2011 watch
McDonalds - Happy Box .. The Dave Clark Five; Glad All Over 2011 watch
McDonalds Full Bean Coffee .. The Dave Brubeck Quartet: Unsquare Dance 2010 watch
McDonalds Weather 2 .. The Swingle Singers: William Tell Overture 2010 watch
McDonald's Golden Arches Beacon .. Willie Nelson; On The Road Again 2010 watch
McDonald's Summer Coke Glasses .. Maceo and the Macks Cross the Tracks (We Better Go Back) 2010 watch
McDonalds Weather .. Vernon Elliott; From Visiting Friends (The Clangers) 2010 watch
McDonalds Summer Menu .. Sam Means; Yeah Yeah watch
McDonalds Great Tastes of America .. Jerome Moross; Big Country 2010 watch
McDonalds CBO .. Bob Dorough; Three Is The Magic Number 2010
McDonalds Favourites .. Elmer Bernstein; The City 2009 watch
McDonalds Chicken Legend .. Roger Miller; King of The Road 2009 watch
McDonalds .. Jerry Keller; Here Comes Summer 2009
McDonalds Cornetto McFlurry .. Pavarotti; O Sole Mio 2009
McDonalds .. Bing Crosby; Busy Doing Nothing 2009
McDonalds Working With Farmers .. Roger Miller Whistlestop 2008 watch
McDonalds Festive Menu .. Elmer Bernstein; The Great Escape 2007 watch
McDonalds Free Coca Cola Glass Promotion .. Incognito; Everybody Loves The Sunshine 2007 watch
McDonalds Summer BBQ Menu .. TV Theme; Galloping Home (Theme From Black Beauty) 2007 watch
McDonalds .. ABC; Poison Arrow 2006 watch
McDonalds .. John Barry; Midnight Cowboy 2002
McDonalds .. Paraffin Jack Flash; Blue & Groovy 2000
McEwans .. Eddie and The Hot Rods; Do Anything You Wanna Do 2000
McEwans .. Win; You've Got The Power 1988-89
McVitie's Crumbs .. Xavier Cugat; Tea For Two 2005 watch
Mentos 3 - Three Is Better .. Blak Prophetz; What I$ Rap? (Mentos TV Advert Remix) 2011 watch
Mentos .. Sequins; I Get What I Want 2009
Mercedes Benz - 125 Years .. Belleruche; Northern Girls 2011 watch
Mercedes-Benz AMG Cars .. Massive Attack; Danny the Dog 2010 watch
Mercedes-Benz Presence .. Nick Cave & Warren Ellis; Martha's Dream 2008 watch
Meteor .. Arthur And Yu; The Ghost Of Old Bull Lee 2008 watch
MFI 2008 Collection .. Patrick Street; Music For A Found Harmonium 2007 watch
Michelob Beer .. Eric Clapton: 'After Midnight 1988 watch
Michelob Beer .. Phil Collins; Tonight, Tonight, Tonight 1987 watch
Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 A More Beautiful Web .. Alex Clare; Too Close 2012 watch
Midland Bank .. Madness; It Must Be Love 1994
Miller Genuine Draught .. Jude; Crescent Heights 2007
Miller .. Le Hammond Inferno; Speech Defects 2006 watch
Miller Genuine Draught .. Takako Minekawa; Fantastic Cat 2005 watch
Milton Keynes The Centre:MK & Midsummer Place - Wish List .. Haircut 100; Fantastic Day 2008 watch
Mind Time To Change .. Brian Eno; An Ending (Ascent) 2009
Mini Roadster Cliffhanger .. Orhan Gencebay; Hayat Kavgasi 2012 watch
Mini Viking Invasion - Ban Boredom .. Baby Woodrose; Volcano 2008 watch
Mini Clubman - Etch-A-Sketch .. ESG; Tiny Sticks 2008 watch
Mini Clubman - Birds .. Bob McGrath & Loretta Long; One of These Things (One of These Sounds) 2007
Mitsubishi Lancer .. Manfred Mann; 54321 2010
Mitsubishi Lancer .. Dean Martin; The Birds and The Bees 2009 watch
Mitsubishi L200 .. Bob Dylan; A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall 2006
Mitsubishi .. Sweet: 'Ballroom Blitz'
Mitsubishi .. Tommy James and the Shondells: 'Draggin' the Line'
Möben - Choreographed Kitchen .. Propellerheads; Crash 2007/8
Moneysupermarket.com: Like A Winner .. Joe Bean Esposito Youre The Best 2012 watch
Moneysupermarket.com: King of the Jungle .. Tight Fit; The Lion Sleeps Tonight 2011 watch
Moneysupermarket.com: Crocodile Surfer .. The Surfaris; Wipeout 2011 watch
Monday Charities Lottery .. Jam; Monday 2006
Monster.com (daybreak).. Rebecca Cherry/Cherry-Tate Music Productions: 'a special for the ad' 2008
Monster.com (own path) .. Chemical Brothers: "Dream on" 2008 watch
Monster.com (big legs) .. Obernkirchen Children's Choir; Happy Wanderer 2007/8
Monster.com .. ELO: 'Do Ya'
More 4 Iraq: The Bloody Circus .. Ben Christophers; Falls Into View 2006
More Than: Car Insurance .. Simple Minds; Alive and Kicking 2010 watch
More Than: Home Insurance .. Gerry Rafferty; Baker Street 2010 watch
More Than .. Queen; You're My Best Friend 2010 watch
More Than .. East 17; It's Alright 2009
More Than: Free Home Contents with Buildings Insurance .. Diana Ross; Upside Down 2009
More Than: Home Insurance .. Barry White; Can't Get Enough Of Your Love, Babe 2009 watch
More Than: Pet Insurance .. Minnie Ripperton; Lovin' You 2009 watch
More Than: Car Insurance .. Lionel Richie; Easy 2008 watch
More Than .. Paul Clarkson; Day After Day 2006
More Than .. Elvis Presley; Old Shep 2001
Morrisons .. Take That; Shine 2007
Motorola RAZR .. Black Rebel Motorcycle Club; Spread Your Love 2011 watch
Motorola ROKR E8 - Dancing Phones .. MSTRKRFT; Work On You (Para One Remix) 2008
Motorola RAZR2 .. Shiny Toy Guns; Le Disko 2007
Motorola Z8 .. Rob Dougan; Will You Follow Me? 2007
Motorola KRZR K1 .. Icicles; Sugar Sweet 2006
Motorola Flex .. Bedouin Soundclash: "When the night feel my song"
Motorpoint.co.uk .. Alma Cogan; Jolly Good Company 2008 watch
Mr Kipling - Exceedingly Happy Cakes .. Arthur Askey; It's A Hap-Hap-Happy Day 2008 watch
MTV: M stands for music .. Pheonix; 1901 2010 listen
Müller - Wünderful Stuff .. Guy Farley; Wünderful Stuff 2011 watch
Müller Corner Yogurts Thank You Cows .. REO Speedwagon; Cant Fight This Feeling 2010 watch
Müller Mix It Up .. East 17; It's Alright 2009 watch
Müller Mix It Up .. 2 Unlimited; No Limit 2008 watch
Müller Mix It Up .. EMF Unbelievable 2008 watch
Müller Little Stars .. Natalie Williams: 'Ain't Got No (I Got Life)' 2006 watch
Mylanta .. John Sebastian: 'Welcome Back'
N >
National Bingo Big'n .. Shirley Bassey; Big Spender 2007 watch
National Blood Service .. Campbell; The Blood Donor 2005
National Lottery Scratchcards: 2 Billion Winners .. James Radford; Two Billion 2012 watch
National Lottery - Lotto Monkey Sanctuary .. Tony Bennett; The Good Life 2011 watch
National Lottery - Private Jet .. David Holmes; Snake Eyes 2011 watch
National Lottery .. Bo Diddley; Roadrunner 2010 watch
National Lottery .. Barry Louis Polisar All I Want Is You 2008
National Lottery Think Lotto .. Faces; Ooh La La 2008
National Lottery Play Together, Win Together .. Rossini William; Tell Overture 2007 watch
National Lottery Monopoly Scratchcard .. Baha Men; Who Let The Dogs Out 2007
National Lottery .. Patience and Prudence; Smile and a Ribbon 2006
National Lottery Smile .. Sir Granville Bantock; Lento Sostenuto from "Celtic Symphony" 2006
National Lottery .. Violent Femmes; Blister In The Sun 2005
National Lottery Lucky Lotto .. Jimmy Cliff; Wonderful World, Beautiful People 2005
National Rail 2 for 1 Entry - Attractions .. John Malcolm; Non Stop (Theme From ITN News) 2005
Nationwide Building Society - Carousel .. Ludovico Einaudi; Snow Prelude No. 3 in C Major 2011 watch
Nationwide Building Society Sponsors England (Setanta) .. Doves; There Goes The Fear 2008
Nationwide Building Society Sponsors England (Sky) .. Muse; Starlight 2008
Nationwide Home Improvement Electric Garage Doors .. Vivaldi Spring; (Allegro) from 'The Four Seasons' 2005
Nature's Own 100% whole wheat bread .. hired session singers; I Dont Love You Too Much Do I 2006 watch
Natwest Bank .. Will Young; Grace 2008 watch
Natwest Bank: Switch .. John Roos; Gambling Joint 2005
NCL Am. Hawaiian Cruise Lines .. Danny & the Juniors: 'Let's Go To The Hop'
Nescafe Gold Blend Fall In Love .. Rebecca Ferguson; Nothings Real But Love 2012 watch
Nescafé Dolce Gusto .. Outlines; I Cannot Think (English Gentlemen Re-work) 2011 watch
Nestle Nescafe - 3 in 1 .. Supergrass; Alright 2011 watch
Nestlé: Kit Kat - Crane drivers .. The Fratellis; Chelsea Dagger 2011 watch
Nestle: Shredded Wheat - Top It .. Isley Brothers; It's Your Thing 2011 watch
Nestle: Kit Kat .. The Enemy; We'll Live and Die In These Towns 2010 watch
Nestle: Nescafe Gold Blend .. Dean Martin; Sway 2010 watch
Nestle: Aero - Feel The Bubbles .. Jackson Five; ABC 2009 watch
Nestle: Go Free with Daley Thompson .. Aaron Copland Fanfare For The Common Man 2008 watch
Nestle: Nescafe Collection - Awaken Your Senses .. Babel Gilberto; Samba Da Bencao 2008
Nestle: Nescafe Dolce Gusto Coffee Maker .. James Brown; Sex Machine 2006
Nestle: Fitnesse .. India Arie; Video 2006
Nestle: Cheerios .. Torpedo Boyz; Any Trash Professor Abacus? 2005
Nestle: Aero .. Henry Mancini; Lujon 2005
Nestle: Aero ..Black Mighty Orchestra; Ocean Beach 2005
Nestle: Kit Kat - Kit Kash Promotion .. Bill Conti; Theme From Dynasty 2005
Network Q .. Platters; Only You 2000
New Balance Happy Feet.. Ben Howard; The Wolves 2012 watch
New Look - 100 Days of Summer .. Darwin Deez; Up In The Clouds 2011 watch
New Look - 20% Off Partywear .. INXS; Suicide Blonde 2010 watch
New York .. Ella Fitzgerald; Take The "A" Train (Remix) 2007
New York Bagels .. Kula Shaker; Hush 2006
New Zealand .. Jason Kerrison; Waiting 2005
New Zealand Tourist Board .. Crowded House; Dont Dream Its Over 2000
News of the World Fabulous Magazine .. db Boulevard; Point of View 2008 watch
News of the World Score .. Elgar Pomp And Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2005
Next.co.uk - Timing .. Haddaway; What Is Love? 2011 watch
Next Autumn 2010 .. The Specials; A Message To You Rudy 2010 watch
Next.co.uk Route 66 Road Trip .. The Dandy Warhols; Bohemian Like You 2010 watch
Next: Rio .. Ava Leigh; Mas Que Nada 2008
Next: Christmas Changes .. Louis Armstrong; Cool Yule 2007
Next: Directory - 25 Years .. KT Tunstall; Suddenly I See 2007
NFU Mutual .. Hindi Zahra; Beautiful Tango 2007
NHS Antibiotics Dont Cure Viruses .. Bob Dylan; Subterranean Homesick Blues 2008 watch
NHS Stop Smoking Campaign .. Chairmen of the Board; Give Me Just A Little more Time 2007
NHS Anti Smoking Campaign .. Muse; Can't Take My Eyes Off You 2005
Nice & Easy Hair Dye .. Kim Carnes; Bette Davis Eyes 2008
Nickleodeon .. All Seeing I; Beat Goes On 2003
Nike Chosen - Just Do It .. Hanni El Khatib; I Got A Thing 2011 watch
Nike Air Max Lunar .. MNEK and Nathan Retro; Lunar Riddim 2011 watch
Nike - Free Yourself .. The Launderettes; Nobody But Me 2011 watch
Nike Air Max 90 .. Peter Fox; Alles Neu (Instrumental) 2010 watch
Nike Champions League Final (Nike write The Future; Full Length Version) .. Focus; Hocus Pocus 2010 watch
Nike T90 Laser III Football Boots.. 16 Bit; Jump 2010 watch
Nike - Courage .. The Killers; All These Things That I've Done 2008
Nike .. Johnny Cash; Hurt 2006
Nike .. Delinquent Habits; Return of the Tres 2006
Nike .. Sergio Mendes & Black Eyed Peas; Mas Que Nada 2006
Nike .. Faces; Ooh La La 2005
Nike .. Norman Greenbaum: "Spirit in the Sky" ~ US
Nike .. The Guess Who: 'American Woman' ~ late 90's
Nike Jose +10 .. RJD2; De L'Alouette 2006
Nike Jose +10 .. Jim Noir; Eanie Meany 2006
Nike Joga Bonita (Ronaldinho) .. Barbatuques; Baiao Destemperado 2006
Nike Joga Bonita (Wayne Rooney) .. Radio 4; Caroline 2006
Nikon 1 One Step Ahead .. Radical Face; Welcome Home 2011 watch
Nikon - Capture Statues with Coolpix S3100 .. Radical Face; Welcome Home 2011 watch
Nikon .. Radical Face Welcome Home Son 2010 watch
Nimble Bread .. Honeybus; I Cant Let Maggie Go 2000
Nina Ricci LElixir - Enchanted Walk .. Florrie; Sunday Girl 2010 watch
Nintendo Wii - Michael Jackson Experience .. Michael Jackson; Billie Jean 2010 watch
Nintendo DS: Animal Crossing .. Renee Olstead; A Love That Will Last 2006
Niquitin .. Snap; The Power 2003
Nissan Juke Built to Thrill .. The Horrors; The Kraken 2012 watch
Nissan Qashqai - Ultimate Urban Car .. Hanni El Khatib; Human Fly 2011 watch
Nissan Juke - Energise The City .. Fredrika Stahl; Twinkle Twinkle Little Star (DatA Remix) 2011 watch
Nissan Micra - In Sync With The City .. Oh No! Oh My!; Walk In The Park 2011 watch
Nissan Juke - Urbanproof Energised .. Fredrika Stahl; Twinkle Twinkle Little Star 2010 watch
Nissan Qashqai .. Amon Tobin; Four Ton Mantis (Bonobo mix) 2010
Nissan Quashai; Urbanproof .. Giuseppe Verdi; La Traviata - Sempre Libera 2008
Nissan Exterra .. Donnas; Fall Behind Me 2005
Nissan 350Z .. Ramblin' Jack Elliott; Car Song 2005
Nissan .. Vines; Ride 2005
Nissan .. Stevie Ray Vaughan: "Voodoo Chile" ~ US
Nivea Skincare - 100 Years For Life .. Rihanna; California King Bed 2011 watch
Nivea Visage - Q10 Plus .. Kaki King; Close To Me 2010 watch
Nivea: silhouette .. Sugar Pie DeSanto: Go Go Power 2008
Nivea: dry 24 hours deodorant .. Asher Lane; New Days 2006
Nivea Visage Young .. Rhesus; Just Let Go 2006
Nivea Lotions .. Bobby Vinton; Blue Velvet 2000
Nobby's Crisps .. Slade; Mama Weer All Crazee Now 2006
Nobby's Nuts .. Slade; Skweeze Me Pleeze Me 2005
Nokia Lumia - The Amazing Everday ..Totally Enormous Extinct Dinosaurs; Garden 2011/12 watch
Nokia E7 - Smartphone .. Lovvers; Creepy Crawl 2011 watch
Nokia N8 - Smartphone .. Brian Eno; Deep Blue Day 2011 watch
Nokia GPS-enabled Smartphones .. Chromeo; Me & My Man (Chromeo vs Whitey Fly Whitey Mix) 2010 watch
Nokia X6 - Gig Entertainment .. Flaming Lips; Silver Trembling Hands 2010
Nokia 6220: Maps Connecting People .. Claude Debussy; Claire De Lune (Suite Bergamasque) 2008
Nokia 5300 .. Bonde Do Role; Solta O Frango 2007
Nokia Cath Kidston Range .. Bernard Hermann; Twisted Nerve 2006
Nokia 6233 .. Shaggy; Boombastic 2006
Nokia L'Amour .. DJ Sayem; World of Flowers 2006
Nokia 'N' Series Phones N70 , N90 & N91 .. Moby; In My Heart 2006
Nokia Pop Idol 2005 .. Mint Royale; Sexiest Man In Jamaica 2005
Nokia 6101 .. Hot Butter; Popcorn 2005
Northern Ireland .. Van Morrison; Brown Eyed Girl 2000
Northern Rock Building Society .. Sting; Fields Of Gold 2000
Norwich Union .. Tommy Roe or Manfred Mann; Sweet Pea 2007
Norwich Union .. Spike Jones; Hawaiian War Chant 2007
Norwich Union .. Ella Fitzgerald; I Wonder Why 2004
N-Power: Topsy Turvy .. Bing Crosby; Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate The Posisive 2008
N-Power .. Johnny Panic; Happy Together 2006
NSPCC What Will We Leave? .. Elizabeth Mitchell; You Are My Sunshine 2010 watch
NSPCC .. Sigur Ros; Svefn-G-Englar 2006
NSPCC .. Brian Eno; An Ending (Ascent) 2006
NSPCC .. Kate Bush; This Woman's Work 2005
Nurofen .. Manu Delago; Mono Desire (Hang Drum Solo) 2010 watch
O >>
O2 On & On .. Specially Recorded; Little Boxes 2012 watch
O2 - Priority Moments, Things Are Changing .. Jedd Holden; Little Boxes 2012 watch
O2 Things Are Changing .. Sniffy Dog ft Adrienne Stiefel; Little Boxes 2012 watch
O2 - January Sale .. Freelance Whales; Generator (First Floor) 2012 watch
O2 - Priority Moments .. Foster The People - Pumped Up Kicks 2011 watch
O2 - Broadband- Niggles and Narks .. Christopher Slaski; Comissioned Composition 2010 watch
O2 - Pool Party .. Jaylib; The Red 2010 watch
O2 - Bluebook (memories) .. A Cuckoo; The Girl From My Dreams 2008
O2 .. Coldcut: Walk A Mile In My Shoes 2007
O2 .. Jackson and His Computer Band; Utopia 2006
Oasis Cactus Boy .. Orff: Gassenhauer from Musica Poetica:Schulwerk 2008
Observer Music Monthly - Who Feature .. Who; Who Are You 2006
Observer Franz Ferdinand Promotion .. Franz Ferdinand; Matinee 2005
Office Max .. The Spinners: 'Rubberband Man'
Office Max .. Alice Cooper: 'School's Out'
Olay Regenerist .. Soft Cell; Tainted Love 2005
Olay Oil Of Ulay .. Nat King Cole; Stay As Sweet As You Are 2000
Old Jamaica Ginger Beer: Beach Party .. The Jolly Boys; Great Balls of Fire 2010 ( a tribute video of the Jolly Boys)
Old Spice .. Orff; O Fortuna from Carmina Burana 2000
Oliver Stone - Born on the 4th of July .. Buffalo Springfield; For What It's Worth 1996
Options Indulgence - Hot Chocolate Rabbit .. Lord Rockingham's XI; Fried Onions 2011 watch
Oral-B .. Eric Carmen; All By Myself 2011 watch
Orange - The Orange Show .. The Muppets; The Muppet Theme 2011 listen
Orange - The Orange Show .. The Muppets ; Mah Na Mah Na 2011 listen
Orange - Film To Go .. Specially Recorded Version - Dick Dale-Deltones; Misirlou 2011 watch
Orange & T-Mobile - Shared Network .. Frank Sinatra; Love And Marriage 2011 listen
Orange Windows Phone .. Grieg; Hall of the Mountain King (from Peer Gynt) 2010 watch
Orange: Phone Fund Kerching! .. Frédéric Chopin; Nocturne Op 9 No 2 in E-Flat 2010 watch
Orange: "A" Team Gold Spot .. Mike Post; Theme From The 'A' Team 2010 listen
Orange: Dolphin ad - Free Mobile Internet .. Chopin; Nocturn Op 9 No 2 in E Flat Minor 2010 watch
Orange: Pay As You Go Animals .. Born Ruffians Hummingbird 2008
Orange: animals return .. Simple Kid; 'Lil King Kong 2008
Orange Mobile (people are good together) .. Devendra Banhart; Little Yellow Spider 2007
Orange Togetherness .. Laurel & Hardy: Let Me Call You Sweetheart 2006
Orange Bike .. Funky Lowlives; Time To Let You Go 2006
Orange .. Oceansize; Music For A Nurse 2006
Orange 2 for 1 3G Phones Promotion .. Elton John; Turn The Lights Out When You Leave 2005
Orange Magic Numbers .. Nat Baldwin: Only In My Dreams 2006
Orangina .. Gypsy Kings; Pida Me La 2000
Organix Goodies - Thank Goodness For Goodies .. Specially Commissioned; The Goodies Theme 2011 watch
Ovaltine Light .. Heatwave; Mind Blowing Decisions 2000
Oxfam Be Aware .. Muse; New Born 2008
Oxfam Unwrapped: Alpacas .. Baby Bird: You're Gorgeous 2006
Oxfam .. Feeder; Tender 2005
P & O Cruises .. Feeder; Feeling The Moment (2007)
P & O Cruises .. Handel: "Zadok the Priest" (2006)
P & O Stena Line .. Robert Palmer; Riptide 2000
Pacific Life: Tail Slap Sports Music .. composed & recorded specificallyfor the ad; Fight Song. 2008 watch
Paco Rabanne Lady Million Click Again .. Commissioned; Do It Again 2010 watch
Palm Pixi Plus Change Your Life .. Mos Def; Quiet Dog 2010 watch
Palmolive Soft And Gentle Deodorant .. Phyllis Nelson; Move Closer 2000
Pampers Unicef Promotion .. Frank Sinatra; Sleep Warm 2007
Pampers .. KC and the Sunshine Band; That's The Way I Like It 2007
Pampers .. Thomas Newman; Any Other Name (Theme from 'American Beauty') 2007
Pampers Active Fit .. Wagner; Ride Of The Valkyries 2006
Pampers .. Snap: 'I Got The Power'
Panasonic Viera 3D TV .. Sally J Johnson; Dreaming Out Loud 2010 watch
Pandora: Unforgettable Moments .. Silas Bjerregaard; Pandora 2011 watch
Pantene .. Jem; They 2009
Pantene .. Natasha Bedingfield; Unwritten 2007
Pantene Pro-V Movement Trial .. Mirwais; Disco Science 2006
Pantene Pro V .. Etta James; Fire 2006
Pantene Ice Shine .. Martina Topley-Bird; Release In Love 2006
ParalympicsGB - Some Achieve Greatness .. Paul McCartney & Wings; Live And Let Die 2008
Paramount Comedy Channel: Sex and the City .. Shirley Bassey; Big Spender 2008
Paramount Comedy Channel: This Spring.. Etta James; At Last 2008
Paramount Comedy Channel: Sex and the City .. The Creatures; Right Now 2008
Paramount Comedy Channel: Scrubs Series 5 .. Boston; More Than A Feeling 2007
Paramount Comedy Channel: Suburban Shootout .. Fatboy Slim; Going Out Of My Head 2006
Paramount Comedy Channel: American Classics Weekend .. Faces; Ooh La La 2006
Paramount Comedy Channel .. Mary Hopkin; Those Were The Days 2003
Park Savings Club Christmas 2006 .. Queen; A Kind of Magic 2005
Parker Pens .. Plain White T's; Take Me Away 2006
Paul Simon Home Furnishing .. Sheryl Crow; A Change Would Do You Good 2010 watch
PDSA Give Something Back .. Special commission; composer: Guy Farley, singer: Helen Boulding 2008
PDSA .. Eva Cassidy; True Colors 2007
PDSA Legacy Appeal .. Ronan Keating; When You Say Nothing At All 2005
Pearl Drops .. Supernaturals; Smile 2011 listen
Peperami Cheezer .. Brotherhood of Man; Save all your Kisses for Me 2000
Pepsi Max Kick In The Mix .. Calvin Harris feat Ne-Yo; Lets Go 2012 watch
Pepsi Max - Wait Til Monday .. Pascal Ebony/Fabrice Smadja ft Myo; Your Mother Wont Approve 2011 watch
Pepsi World Cup 2010 .. Akon ft. Keri Hilson; Oh Africa 2010 watch
Pepsi Max .. Black Eyed Peas; More 2007
Pepsi Max .. Cloud Room; Hey Now Now 2007
Pepsi World Cup .. Trio; Da Da Da 2006
Pepsi Max Cino .. Wirebirds; Anything Goes 2006
Pepsi .. Queen; We Will Rock You 2004
Pepsi .. Rod Stewart; Rhythm Of My Heart 2000
Pepsi .. Gloria Estefan; Seal Our Fate 2000
Pepsi .. Village People; YMCA 2000
Pepsi .. Tina Turner; Simply The Best 2000
Pepsi .. Marvin Gaye; It Takes Two 2000
Pepsi .. Janet Jackson; Control 2000
Pepsi .. Michael Jackson; Billie Jean 1984
Pepsi .. Lovin' Spoonful: 'Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind' ~ US
Pepsi .. Bee Gees: 'Stayin Alive' ~ US
Perfume Shop - If Only You Could Bottle It .. Specially Recorded; Make You Feel My Love 2011 watch
Peroni .. Shirelles; Baby It's You 2006
Persil .. Rachel Portman; Roboboy 2008
Persil - Small & Mighty Blood and Mud .. White Denim; Shake Shake Shake 2011 listen .
Persil - Small and Mighty - Pop-Up Book .. Thomas Russell; Flow
2008
Persil - Mr Men Promotion .. Paul Mardle; Mr Men Theme 2007
Persil .. Earth, Wind and Fire; Boogie Wonderland 2006
Persil .. Rufus Thomas; Do The Funky Penguin 2006
Persil .. Beach Boys: "I Get Around" 2006
Persil .. Tams; Be Young, Be Foolish, Be Happy 2005
Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4 Diesel .. Woodkid; Iron (Gucci Vump Remix) 2012 watch
Peugeot Your Peugeot Dealer .. Johanna Wedin from MAI; And Together Again 2011 watch
Peugeot RCZ .. Monsieur Monsieur; Kuala Lumpur Race 2010 watch
Peugeot 308 Allure Freedom .. Stephanie Kirkham; Easy as 123 2010 watch
Peugeot 5008 - MPV .. Grizzly Bear; Two Weeks 2010 watch
Peugeot New Logo: Motion & Emotion .. Yuksek; Tonight 2010 watch
Peugeot 207 Youth is a Wonderful Thing.. Various Artists; Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive 2010 watch
Peugeot 308 .. Venus; Beautiful Days 2009 watch
Peugeot 308 SW - Launch Offer .. Wolfmother; Joker and The Thief 2008
Peugeot 307 .. Hyper; We Control 2008
Peugeot 307 .. Daniel Teper; Colouring In 2007
Peugeot 407 Coupe .. Linda Lyndell: "What A Man" 2006
Peugeot 407 Coupe .. Delibes; Flower Duet from Lakme 2006
Peugeot 207 .. Hyper; We Control 2006
Peugeot 207 .. Marcels; Heartaches 2006
Peugeot 206 .. Al Green; Simply Beautiful 2002
Peugeot .. Cyndi Lauper; True Colors 2000
Peugeot .. Berlin; Take My Breath Away 2000
Peugeot .. Marvin Gaye; Sexual Healing 2000
Peugeot .. Lenny Kravitz; Fly Away 2000
PG Tips Wallace & Gromit Mug Promotion .. Wallace & Gromit; Wallace & Gromit 2005
Philadelphia Cream Cheese Spread a Little Happiness.. Life-Size Humans; Something to Remember 2010 watch
Philips .. The Beatles: 'Getting Better'
Pilkington Self Cleaning Glass .. Johnny Nash I Can See Clearly Now 2008 watch
Pimms - Summer Party .. Arthur W Sheriff; Liberty Bell March (Monty Pythons F. C. Theme) 2011 watch
Pimms .. Status Quo; Break The Rules 2007
Pimms .. Adam and the Ants; Prince Charming 2004
Piriteze No Extremes .. The Boo Radleys; Wake Up Boo! 2010 watch
Piriton: hay-loft and sheep.. Empire Dogs; Everywhere 2008
Piriton .. Empire Dogs; Everywhere 2006
Pizza Hut .. BBC; Light And Tuneful (BBC Wimbledon Theme) 2006
Pizza Hut .. Noveltones; Leftbank 2 (Gallery Theme from Take Hart) 2004
PJ Smoothies .. Johan Strauss II; Roses From The South (Rosen Aus Dem Suden) 2006
Planters .. James Brown: 'Hot Pants'
Planters .. Bay City Rollers: 'Saturday Night'
Play.com Monster Sale .. Coldplay; Clocks 2008
Play.com Mr Bean's Holiday DVD .. Shaggy; Boombastic 2007
Play.com Mr Bean's Holiday DVD .. Louis Armstrong; When You're Smiling 2007
PlayStation 3 PS3 Move .. Magnetic Man; Getting Nowhere (Instrumental) 2011 watch
PlayStation Move: Dance Star Party .. Duck Sauce; Barbra Streisand 2011 watch
Playstation3: Gran Turismo 5 Prologue .. Giuseppe Verdi; Requiem: Dies Irae 2008
Playtex MySize Bra Range .. Shirley Bassey; (Where Do I Begin?) Love Story 2007
Pledge .. Fontella Bass: 'Rescue Me'
Plusnet .. Heaven 17; Temptation 2010 listen
Pontiac .. The Clash: 'Should I Stay or Should I Go' ~ US
Post Office: Over 50s Life Insurance .. Johann Strauss II; The Blue Danube Waltz, Op. 314 2010 watch
Pot Noodle Pot Noeldle - Noodle Van .. Adelphoi Music Ltd; Commissioned 2010 watch
Powergen .. Tot Taylor; Green Bossa 1999
Prada: Infusion DIris .. Bring Me The Horizon; No Need For Introductions, Ive Read About Girls Like You On The Back of Toilet Doors 2010 watch
Prada L'Eau Ambrée - Fragrant Breeze .. Bill Doggett; Honky Tonk Pt 1 2009 watch
Press 81 Premium Cider - Chill to Perfection .. DZ Deathrays; Gebbie Street 2011 watch .
Premier Inn - A Good Night's Sleep .. Mama Cass Elliot; Dream A Little Dream of Me 2012 watch
Pretty Polly .. Kinks; All Day And All Of The Night 2000
Prince's Tuna .. Prince Buster; Enjoy Yourself 2007
Pringles Merry Pringles .. Tchaikovsky; Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy from The Nutcracker Suite 2007
Pringles Rice Infusions .. Brahms; Hungarian Dance No 5 2007
Pringles Gourmet .. Dave Brubeck; Take Five 2006
Pringles Rice Infusions .. Brahms: Hungarian Dance No 5 2007
Pringles .. Love Affair; Everlasting Love 2006
Pringles Star Wars III Promotion .. John Williams; Star Wars - A New Hope (Main Title) 2005
Pringles .. Ateed; Come To Me 2004 listen
Pringles .. Freestylers; Weekend Song 2003 listen
Pringles .. Lou Bega; Mambo No 5 2000 listen
Pringles .. Bow Wow Wow; I Want Candy 2000 listen
Pringles .. Perez Prez Prado; Mambo No 5 2000 listen
Pukka Pies 3 1/2 Minute Pies .. Pipkins; Gimme Dat Ding 2012 watch
Puma Football Love vs Football .. Hardchorus; Truly Madly Deeply 2010 watch
Puma .. Mazarin; For Energy Infinite 2007
Puma .. Rimsky-Korsakov; Flight Of The Bumblebee 2005
Pure New Wool .. Pachelbel; Canon 1993
Purell .. M C Hammer: 'Can't Touch This' ~ US
Q >>
Q Magazine .. Blur: Song 2 2000
Quaker Oats (Snowman) .. Polo Club; Play What You Want' 2008
written, composed & produced by Peter Raeburn/Adam Bushell/Tom Kenyatta
Quaker Oats .. Catatonia: Nothing Hurts 2007
Quaker Oatso Simple .. Lovin' Spoonful: Daydream 2003
Quaker Sugar Puffs .. Archies: Sugar, Sugar 1990
Quorn .. James Brown: Sex Machine 2000
R >>
Radox Daily Elements .. Morcheeba: The Sea 2006
Ragu Pasta Sauce .. Verdi: Anvil Chorus from 'La Traviata' 2000
Ralph Lauren .. Ben Taylor & Carly Simon: My Romance 2006
Ralph Lauren Polo Black .. Dionne Warwick: Anyone Who Had A Heart 2005
Range Rover Sport .. Out There; Massive Music / Lodewijk Pöttker 2011 watch
Ray-Ban .. Ben Kweller: Make It Up 2007
Red Bull World of Red Bull .. M83; Outro 2012 watch
Red Bull Flugtag .. Ron Goodwin; Those Magnificent Men In Their Flying Machines 2008
Red Bull 2nd Flugtag .. Ron Goodwin: Those Magnificent Men In Their Flying Machines 2006
Red Bull .. Rimsky-Korsakov: Flight of the Bumblebee 2005
Red Bull .. Wagner: Ride Of The Valkyries 2005
Red Square Reloaded .. Hawkwind: Silver Machine 2004
Reebok Easytone - Reflections .. Michael Kadelbach; Specially Commissioned Track 2011 watch
Reebok Zigtech: Lewis Hamilton .. Davina Jones; Zig-e-dy Zig-y-dac 2010 watch
Reebok EasyTone: Better Bum .. Mickey Smid Music Production; Shake It! 2010 watch
Reebok Vector .. Orff: Tanz from Carmina Burana 2003
Remington -S6600 Multi Style Stylist ..The Temptations; Get Ready 2011 watch
Remington Hair Straighteners .. Pink Martini Anna (El Negro Zumbon) 2006
Remy Martin .. FC Kahuna Hayling 2004
Renault Twizy Plug Into The Positive Energy .. David Guetta; The Alphabeat 2012 watch
Renault 4+ .. Trailer Trash Tracys; Wish You Were Red 2012 watch
Renault ZE Range Electric Life .. Aaron; Elizabeths Lullaby 2011 watch
Renault Megane - Drive The Change .. Richard Hawley; Open Up Your Door 2011 watch
Renault - What is Va Va Voom? .. Skeewiff; Light The Fuse 2011 listen
Renault Clio - What Is Va Va Voom? .. Rihanna; S&M (Come On) 2011 watch
Renault Clio - What Is Va Va Voom? .. David Bowie; Space Oddity 2011 watch
Renault Clio - What Is Va Va Voom? .. Clare Maguire; Aint Nobody (Breakage Remix) 2011 watch
Renault Megane .. Charles Trenet; Boum 2010 watch
Renault Clio Only One .. Chesney Hawkes; The One And Only 2010 watch
Renault: Manufacturer of the Year 2009 .. Kasabian; Reason Is Treason 2010 watch
Renault Sport Range .. Kasabian; Reason Is Treason 2010 watch
Renault Twingo: Modern Times .. Sporto Kantes; Whistle 2010 watch
Renault: Drive The Change.. Keane; Somewhere Only We Know 2010 watch
Renault Koleos - 4 by 4 Outside .. Rolling Stones; I'm Free 2008
Renault Megane .. Vivaldi; Summer (III Presto) from The Four Seasons 2008
Renault Twingo .. April March; Chick Habit 2008
Renault Laguna .. Otis Redding; Dock of the Bay 2007
Renault Scenic .. Presidents of The United States of America; Ca Plane Pour Moi 2006
Renault "French and British" .. Nina Simone: Sinner Man 2005
Renault Scenic .. A Skillz & Krafty Kuts: Short Breath 2005
Renault Megane .. Groove: Armada I see you baby (Fatboy Slim radio edit) 2005
Renault Espace .. Jimi Hendrix: All Along The Watchtower 2003
Renault Scenic .. Baha Men; Who Let The Dogs Out 2000 listen
Renault .. Robert Palmer: Johnny and Mary ~ New Zealand
Rennie Dual Action .. Dodgy; Good Enough 2007
Ribena .. Mungo Jerry; In The Summertime 2011 listen
Ribena 100% Pure Juices .. Chris Barber; The Magic Club 2008
Richmond Sausages The Taste That Brings Them Home .. The Molloys; Meet You There 2012 watch
Right Guard .. Daniel Powter; Bad Day 2007
Rightmove.co.uk - Britain Moves .. Ralfe Band; Parkbench Blues 2011 watch
Rightmove.co.uk .. Gracie Fields; If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked A Cake 2007
Rimmel London - Glam Eyes .. Parade; Louder 2011 watch
Rimmel London Lash Accelerator Mascara .. Young Pretender; Sixteen Forever 2010 watch
Rimmel - Lasting Finish Lipstick .. Bedouin Soundclash; Living In Jungles 2007
Rimmel - Lash Maxx Mascara .. Lodge; Piece of Cake 2007
Rimmel - Cool Shine Lipstick .. Bodyrockers; I Like The Way 2006
Rimmel .. Kubb: Wicked Soul 2006
Rimmel - Volume Extend - Sexy Lashes .. Subways: Rock and Roll Queen 2006
Ritz Crackers .. Modern English: 'Melt With You'
Robert Wiseman Dairies Low Fat Milk .. John Travolta/Olivia Newton-John: You're The One That I Want 2007
Robinsons Double Concentrate Juice .. T-Rex; I Love To Boogie 2012 watch
Robinsons Fruit Shoot 100% .. Cyril Stapleton; Pepito 2007
Robinsons Fruit Shoot .. Architecture In Helsinki; Spring 2008 2007
Robinsons Smooth Juice Orange Experience .. Mighty K; Dream 2007
Robinsons Fruit and Barley .. Deerhoof: Blue Cash 2007
Robinsons For Milk .. Steve Miller Band: Abracadabra 2005
Rolling Rock Lager .. Bran Van 3000; Drinkin In LA 1999
Rotary Watches Simply Exceptional .. Saturday Night Gym Club Ft Ellie Walker; I Know 2012 watch
Rover 75 .. High Society Cast: Who Wants To Be A Millionaire 2002
Rover 25 .. Mono: Life in Mono 2002
Royal Air Force .. C-Jags: Paradise Park 2006
Royal Air Force .. Crystal Method: Busy Child 2000
Royal Caribbean International .. Iggy Pop: Lust For Life 2005
Royal Caribbean International Cruises .. Sixpence None The Richer: There She Goes 2004
Royal Mail / Post Office Over 50s Life Insurance..Johan Strauss; Blue Danube Waltz 2010 watch
Royal Mail / Post Office .. Elgar; Pomp And Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2007
Royal Mail / Post Office .. Sam Cooke: You Send Me 2006
Royal Mail / Post Office .. Travis: Love Will Come Through 2004
Ryvita - Goodness Bars .. Bach: Toccata and Fugue 2006
S >>
SAP .. Big Foote Music: 'SAP Handwriting #113'
Saab 9-5 Anything But Ordinary .. New Way; Ana Diaz 2010 watch
Saab 9-3 .. Nina Kinert; Through Your Eyes 2007
Saab Biopower .. Oh Laura; Release Me 2007
Saab 95 .. Aphex Twin; Metal Grating 2006
Saab 93 .. Isley Brothers; Summer Breeze 2005
Saab 93 Sport Saloon .. Chikinki; Ether Radio 2005
Saab .. The Who: 'Pinball Wizard'
Saga: Cruises .. Tony Bennett; I'm Just A Lucky So and So 2012 watch
Sainsburys Bank Credit Card Twice As Nice .. Alice Grant; Rainbow Connection 2012 watch
Sainsburys - Car Insurance .. Ray Conniff & His Orchestra; Walkin And Whistlin 2012 watch
Sainsburys 11 Years of Jamie Oliver .. Faces; Had Me A Real Good Time 2012 listen
Sainsburys - Christmas Panto Feast .. George Formby; Happy Go Lucky Me 2011 watch
Sainsburys - Live Well For Less .. Phil Harris and Bruce Reitherman; The Bare Necessities 2011 watch
Sainsburys - Feed Your Family for £50 .. Ray Conniff Orchestra and Singers; Walkin and Whistlin 2011 watch
Sainsburys - TU Collection .. Etta James; At Last 2011 watch
Sainsburys - Feed Your Family for £50 .. Ray Conniff Orchestra & Singers; Walkin and Whistlin 2011 watch
Sainsburys - Perfect Christmas .. Colne Valley Male Voice Choir - All Through The Night 2010 watch
Sainsburys - Taste the Difference Street Party .. Floyd Cramer: On The Rebound 2010 listen
Sainsburys .. Pearl Bailey; Jingle Bells (Cha Cha) 2005
Sainsburys .. The Polyphonic Spree: 'Reach For The Sun/Light and Day' 2005
Sainsburys Car Insurance .. Jimmy Dean; Big Bad John 2005
Saints Row The Third TV Ad .. LMFAO; Im In Saints Row Trick 2011 watch
Sainsburys Sausages .. Liszt; La Campanella 1993
Samaritans Doodle .. Sufjan Stevens; Redford (For Yia-Yia & Pappou) 2007
Samsung Galaxy Note Its Much More .. Air; Alone in Kyoto 2012 watch
Samsung Galaxy Nexus Calling All Pure Google .. CocoRosie; Japan 2012 watch
Samsung Galaxy SII - It Must Be Love .. Newton Faulkner; It Must Be Love 2011 watch
Samsung Wave - Welcome To More .. Thomas Newman; Arose (From American Beauty) 2010 watch
Samsung 3D LED TV Turn On Tomorrow .. Morgan Van Dam; Trickle 2010 watch
Samsung Monte Phone Facebook .. Delphic; Halcyon 2010 watch
Samsung Jet Ultra Edition .. Deadmau5 feat. Rob Swire; Ghosts n Stuff 2010 watch
Samsung 2View Dual LCD Camera .. Gloria Cycles; Wonderbus 2009 watch
Samsung Genio Touch .. La Roux; Bulletproof 2009 watch
Samsung: Soul Mobile Phone .. Robin Thicke; Magic 2008
Sandels .. Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes; (I've Had) The Time of My Life 2007-10 listen
Sandals .. Lord Tanamo; I'm In the Mood For Ska 2007
Sanex .. Brian Eno; Needles In the Camel's Eye 2005
Santander 123 Account .. Ludovico Einaudi; Primavera 2012 watch
Santander Reward Current Account - Lego Car .. Ludovico Einaudi; Primavera 2011 watch
Santander .. Wild Beasts; Underbelly 2010 watch
Sara Lee .. Lovin' Spoonful: Daydream
Save The Children: No Child Born To Die .. Mystic Chords of Memory; Pi and a Bee 2011 watch
Savlon .. Lonnie Donegan; Does Your Chewing Gum Lose It's Flavour 2010 watch
Schwarzkopf Live Colour XXL Shake It Up Foam .. Metro Station; Shake It 2012 watch
Schweppes- barman .. Spike Jones; Cocktails For Two 2006
Scottish Widows .. Isaac Albeniz's: "Asturias" from Suite Espagnol 2007/8
Scrubs .. Boston; More Than A Feeling 2007
Scrubs Theme .. Lazlo Bane; Superman 2006
SCS .. Tom Jones; What's New Pussycat? 2010 listen
SCS Celebrate .. Kool and the Gang; Celebration 2008
SCS Sofas .. Finley Quaye & William Orbit: Dice 2007
SCS half price sale .. Kool and the Gang; Get Down On It 2007
Sears .. Hives; Well All Right 2008 listen
Seat - Good Stuff Edition .. Shakira; Good Stuff 2010 watch
Seat Ibiza - Cupids .. Cashmeres; Yes, It's True 2010 watch
Seat Altea .. Nursery Rhyme; The Animals Went In Two By Two 2007
Seat Ibiza .. Fatboy Slim; Sho' Nuff 2005
Sega Bayonetta .. La Roux; In For The Kill (Skream's Let's Get Ravey remix) 2010 watch
Sekonda Seksy .. Leona Lewis; The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face 2011 watch
Sekonda - For The Times of Your Life .. Marvin Gaye & Kim Weston; It Takes Two 2011 watch
Sellotape: Robot .. Bill Haley & His Comets; Joeys Song 2011 watch
Setanta: Nationwide Building Society Sponsors England .. Doves; There Goes The Fear 2008
Setanta February Sports .. Hives; Main Offender 2008
Setanta Sports Theme .. ?? remix of an older song ?? watch
Setanta Sports - Barclays Premiership .. Eric Burdon; Good Times 2007 watch
Seven Seas Cod Liver Oil .. BBC; Theme from Captain Pugwash 2006
Sharpie Express Yourself .. The Tender Box; Mister Sister 2010 watch
Sharps Bedrooms - 2 for 1 Offer .. Johan Strauss; Blue Danube Waltz 2006
Sharwoods Coach Trip .. Bill Wells& Maher Shalal Hash Baz; Banned Announcement 2012 watch
Sharwoods .. Village People; Go West 2006
Sheba Cat Food .. Peggy Lee; Fever 2008/2010 watch
Sheba Cat Food .. ????; There You Are 1990s watch
Shell FuelSave Scientists .. Sergey Prokofiev; Peter and the Wolf 2010 watch
Shell .. Orquestra Del Plata; Montserrat 2006
Shredded Wheat SuperFruity .. Little Richard; Tutti Frutti 2011 watch
Shredded Wheat - Top It .. Isley Brothers; It's Your Thing 2011 watch
Siemens .. Matt Monro; This Is The Life 2011 listen
Silentnight .. Feist; Mushaboom 2006
Silverscreen Elvis Presley DVD Collection .. Elvis Presley; Blue Suede Shoes 2005
Simple Kind To Skin Wipes - Paint .. The Noisettes; Wild Young Hearts 2011 watch
Simple Cleansing Facial Wipes - Tears .. Madeleine Peyroux; Don't Cry, Baby 2006
Simply Be - Autumn ad .. special commission 2010 watch
Skins Podcast .. Sam Sparro; Black and Gold 2008
Skoda Fabia vRS .. Soundtree: My Favourite Things 2010 watch
Skoda Superb Estate .. Hal David & John Cacavas Bluebird 2010 listen
Skoda Fabia .. Rodgers and Hammerstein; My Favourite Things 2007 watch
Skoda Octavia 4 x 4 .. Tchaikovsky; Waltz Of The Flowers from The Nutcracker Suite 2005
Sky Football Special .. Tinie Tempah; Written In The Stars 2012 watch
Sky Movies .. Supernaturals; Smile 2012 listen
Sky HD - New Series - January .. Sam & Dave; Hold On! I'm Comin' 2012 watch
Sky Atlantic 2012 Sneak Peek Trailer .. Imelda May; All for You 2012 watch
Sky Sports - Festive Football .. Depeche Mode; Just Can't Get Enough 2011 watch
Sky 3D - January .. Calvin Harris; Feel So Close 2011 listen
Sky - Go .. Speech Debelle; Spinnin' 2011 listen
Sky Darts World Grand Prix .. Kiss; Crazy, Crazy Nights 2011 listen
Sky Sports: La Liga New Season .. Martin Solveig ft Kele; Ready 2 Go 2011 listen .
Sky Sports: Andy Mussray in New York .. Yeah Yeah Yeahs; Yeah! New York 2011 listen .
Sky - Believe In Better .. Caro Emerald; That Man 2011 watch
Sky Sports - Go-Fold .. Basement Jaxx - Do Your Thing 2011 watch
Sky The HD Moment Is Here .. Moloko: The Time Is Now 2011 listen
Sky News - iPad App .. Elbow; Open Arms 2011 watch
Sky - All England Badminton Championships .. House of Pain; Jump Around 2011 listen
Sky HD - TV LineUp Promo 2011 .. Ella Fitzgerald: Sunshine of Your Love 2011 watch or Ella 's full version
Sky Atlantic: Let The Stories Begin .. Florence + The Machine; Howl 2011 watch
Sky Atlantic HD: Dustin Hoffman .. The Cinematic Orchestra; To Build A Home 2011 watch
Sky Sports: 20 Years of Great Days .. Kinks; Days 2011 watch
Sky Movies HD - Christmas 2010 .. Orba Squara; What I Want For Xmas 2010 watch
Sky 3D .. Creature; Who's Hot, Who's Not 2010 listen
Sky Sports New Season 2010/11 Park Game .. Eli Paperboy Reed; Come And Get It 2010 watch
Sky Sport (Eric Cantona) .. Shostakovich; Waltz No. 2 From Jazz Suite No. 2 2010 watch
Sky Soccer Saturday .. James Brown; I Got You (I Feel Good) 2010 listen
Sky Sports New Season 2010/11 Park Game .. Eli Paperboy Reed; Come And Get It 2010 watch
Sky Royal Horse Show .. Jackie Wilson (Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher 2010 listen
Sky May on Sky Sports .. Patrick Hawes; Power Trip 2010 watch
Sky News - Leaders Debate .. Martha Reeves and The Vandellas; Nowhere To Run 2010 listen
Sky NCIS - Los Angeles .. Rage Against The Machine; Killing In The Name Of 2010
Sky James Corden - League of Their Own .. Bellini Casta Diva 2010 watch
Sky+HD Supertelly .. Anthony Newley; Pure Imagination 2010 watch
Sky Sports: Arsenal Vs Manchester United .. Pioneers; Long Shot Kick De Bucket 2010
Sky Golf: South African Tour .. Yello; The Race 2009
Sky Skysongs Launch .. Mott The Hoople; All The Young Young Dudes 2009
Sky Mission Hills World Cup .. Bryan Ferry; Let's Stick Together 2009
Sky Moves - Box Office .. Richard Strauss; Also Sprach Zarathustra (Main theme from 2001) 2009
Sky Movies: Christmas More Magical .. Bjork; It's Oh So Quiet 2009 watch
Sky Movies: Tarantino Takes Over Weekend .. Dick Dale and the Deltones; Misirlou 2009
Sky Movies (HD) .. Yeah Yeah Yeahs; Runaway (Instrumental) 2009
Sky HD .. Max Richter; Vladimir's Blues 2009
Sky 1HD - The Closer You Get .. Cure; Close To Me 2009
Sky Sports: Victory Cup .. Jesus Jones; International Bright Young Thing 2009
Sky Sports - New Football Season .. Temper Trap; Sweet Disposition 2009
Sky Football: Sponsored by Ford .. Kasabian; Club Foot 2009
Sky Sports: New Football Season .. Kasabian; Fast Fuse 2009
Sky Ashes Summer .. Men At Work; Down Under 2009
Sky Play Offs .. Fatboy Slim; Right Here, Right Now 2009
Sky Hay-on-Sky .. Noah and The Whale; Five Years Time 2009
Sky One - Simpsons House Party .. Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons; Beggin' 2009
Sky/Sky Sports: Nationwide Building Society Sponsors England .. Muse; Starlight 2008
Sky Christmas season .. Darlene Love; Christmas (Baby Please Come Home) 2008 watch ad or listen
Sky+ HD promotion .. Ane Brun; True Colours 2008 listen
Sky Bones & Cold Case Promotion .. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds; Red Right Hand 2008
Sky Movies .. Johnny Cash; The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face 2008
Sky Digital, Broadband & Phone .. Aqualung: Good Times Gonna Come 2008
Sky Rugby Superleague .. Frankie Goes To Hollywood; Two Tribes 2008
Sky War Movies Season .. Dire Straits; Brothers In Arms 2007
Sky Carbon Neutral .. Three Dog Night; Joy To The World 2007
Sky Movies - Billboards .. Gene Wilder; Pure Imagination (from Willy Wonka) 2007
Sky War Movies Season .. Dire Straits; Brothers In Arms 2007
Sky Winter Cricket .. Maps; So Low, So High 2007
Sky Sports Saturday .. Elton John; Saturday Night's Alright (For Fighting) 2007
Sky Sports News .. Clint Mansell; Lux Aeterna 2007
Sky Speak, Surf, See .. Cornelius; Micro Disneycal World Tour 2007
Sky Millenium Magic .. Queen; A Kind Of Magic 2007
Sky Darts - Las Vegas Classic .. ZZ Top; Viva Las Vegas 2007
Sky World Matchplay Bowls .. Limp Bizkit; Rollin' (Air Raid Vehicle) 2007
Sky Live From Wembley .. Hubert Parry; Jerusalem 2007
Sky Summer Sports .. Mendelssohn; Wedding March from A Midsummer Night's Dream 2007
Sky Sports: July Preview .. Sylvester; You Make Me Feel 2007
Sky Sports: The "Y" Factor .. Elton John; Step Into Christmas 2006
Sky Sports: Manchester United vs Chelsea .. Electric Light Orchestra; Showdown 2006
Sky Sports: Christmas .. Gene Kelly; Singin' In The Rain 2006
Sky Sports: New Season .. Clint Mansell; Lux Aeterna 2006
Sky 2006-7 Football Season .. The Source ft. Candi Staton; You've Got The Love 2006
Sky Sports : EngXIand Cricket .. Elgar; Nimrod from Enigma Variations 2006
Sky Sports : Weekend Highlights .. Elvis Presley / JXL; A Little Less Conversation 2006
Sky Sports: Cricket .. 10CC; Dreadlock Holiday 2006
Sky Sports: FA Cup Fever .. Peggy Lee; Fever 2006
Sky Sports: November .. Stereophonics; Dakota 2006
Sky Sports: April Preview .. Libera; Locus Iste (Sanctus) 2006
Sky Sports for February 2006 .. Lunatic Calm; Leave You Far Behind 2006
Sky Sports : March Preview .. Stereophonics; Superman 2006
Sky Prem Plus Season Ticket .. Elmer Bernstein; The Great Escape 2006
Sky Soccer Saturday .. Deepest Blue; Shooting Star 2006
Sky Tennis Masters .. Vangelis; Chung Kuo 2006
Sky Superbowl 40 .. Eminem; Lose Yourself 2006
Sky NBA All Star Match .. Smash Mouth; All Star 2006
Sky The Match: Trials .. Dandy Warhols; Bohemian Like You 2006
Sky Darts: Stan James Matchplay .. Arctic Monkeys; I Bet You Look Good On The Dancefloor 2006
Sky FA Youth Cup Final 2006 .. Primal Scream; Movin' On Up 2006
Sky Skateboarder .. Regina Spektor; Us 2006
Sky Hollywood Grand Prix with Vinnie Jones .. Apollo 440; Stop The Rock (Caroline by Status Quo) 2006
Sky Dream Team 80s .. Big Audio Dynamite; Medicine Show 2006
Sky '24' Trailer .. Kasabian; Club Foot 2006
Sky Bones & Cold Case Trailer .. Depeche Mode; Waiting For The Night 2006
Sky The Great British Wedding .. Dixie Cups; Chapel Of Love 2006
Sky Christmas .. Hanson; What Christmas Means To Me 2006
Sky Pick Your Own Mix .. Richard Strauss; Also Sprach Zarathustra (Main theme from 2001) 2006
Sky Lost: 2 series in 1 Episode .. Led Zeppelin; Dazed and Confused 2006
Sky Star Wars Six in a Row .. Real Thing; Can You Feel The Force 2006
Sky Star Wars Six in a Row .. Zero 7; Destiny 2006
Sky Oscar Film Season .. Orchestral Manouevres in the Dark; Souvenir (Moby Remix) 2006
Sky World Cinema .. Chungking; World of A Thousand Suns 2006
Sky Prem Plus Offer .. Hugo Montenegro; The Good, The Bad and The Ugly 2006
Sky Movies .. Peter, Bjorn and John; Young Folks 2007
Sky Movies - From Beginning To End .. Pete Moore; Asteroid (Pearl & Dean Theme) 2007
Sky Movies - Fantastic 4 Multistart .. U2; Vertigo 2006
Sky Movies: Goal! Promo .. Bronski Beat; Smalltown Boy 2006
Sky Movies: First Time Saturday .. New Christy Minstrels; Everybody Loves Saturdy Night 2006
Sky Movies:Summer Season .. Nina Simone; Feeling Good 2005
Sky Movies: Western Season .. Johnny Cash; Don't Take Your Guns to Town 2005
Sky One: Thief .. Animals; House of the Rising Sun 2006
Sky One: Battlestar Galactica .. Magazine; Shot By Both Sides 2006
Sky One: 24 Trailer .. Nina Simone; Feeling Good 2006
Sky One: Over There .. Kaiser Chiefs; Oh My God 2006
Sky One: Weeds .. Bob Dylan: Rainy Day Women #12 & 35 2005
Sky History Channel Subscription .. Verdi; Dies Irae from Requiem Mass 2006
Sleepmasters .. Alison Moyet; Only You 2011 watch
Sleepmasters Half Price Sale .. Brenda Lee; I'm Sorry 2009 watch
Slimfast .. Adam Ant; Goody Two Shoes 2006
SlimFast.. Commodores: 'Brick House'
SlimFast .. Ohio Express: 'Yummy, Yummy, Yummy'
Slimming World .. John Fred and The Playboy Band; Judy In Disguise (With Glasses) 2005
Smart ForTwo .. Stomax; Midnight Mutations 2010 watch
Smart For four .. Johnston Brothers; Hernando's Hideaway 2005
Smirnoff Anthem .. Susanna & the Magical Orchestra; Crazy, Crazy Nights 2011 watch
Smirnoff: Purified .. composed by Peter Raeburn of Soundtree Studios; Latinate Chant 2008
Smirnoff Extraordinary Purification .. composed by Peter Raeburn of Soundtree Studios; Celebrare 2007
Smirnoff Ice .. Quarashi; Copycat 2005
Smirnoff .. Transglobal; Underground Rude Buddah 2004
Smirnoff .. Walter Murphy & the Big Apple Band; A Fifth of Beethoven 2004
SodaStream Busy With The Fizzy .. Harry Nilsson; Without You 2010 listen
Sony - 2 Worlds .. music by Clint Mansell / Leonard Cohen; Thats What I Heard You Say 2011 watch
Sony Ericsson Xperia Ray - 20:22 Moment .. Mothersmilk Studios; Specially Commissioned Track 2011 watch
Sony Bravia IPTV: Television Redefined .. Magnetic Man Ft. Katy B; Crossover-Special Version 2011 watch
Sony VAT back A Christmas Carol .. Lang Lang with The London Metropolitan Orchestra Commissioned 2010 watch
Sony 3D HD TV .. Ferdinand Herold; La Fille Mal Gardee/Act 1 - 17a. Clog Dance 2010 watch
Sony Bravia Televisions Football at Home .. Glasvegas; Geraldine 2010 watch
Sony TV World Cup Trade In .. Glasvegas; Geraldine 2010 watch
Sony Internet Television FIFA 2010 World Cup Collection .. Simple World; Jonathan Elias 2010 watch
Sony Bravia TVs Rockstars .. AC/DC; Thunderstruck 2010 watch
Sony - Cyber Shot Camera .. Paloma Faith; Upside Down 2010 watch
Sony Center - Christmas Make Believe .. Miike Snow; Black and Blue 2009
Sony - Formula 1 sponsor ad .. Def Leppard; Rocket 2008 listen
Sony Ericsson W910: Walkman ..Pink Enemy Remix of Pop Levi: Dita Dimone 2008 listen
Sony - Shoot in HD .. Justice vs Simian; We Are Your Friends 2007
Sony Ericsson W910i .. Edu K; Gatas Gatas Gatas 2007
Sony Blu-ray Disk HD1080 .. Ludovico Einaudi; Primavera 2007
Sony Ericsson W910i .. Blue King Brown; Come n Check Your Head 2007
Sony Ericsson W910i .. Cazals; Life Is Boring 2007
Sony Bravia .. Rolling Stones; She's A Rainbow 2007
Sony Bravia TVs .. Jose Gonzales; Heartbeats 2007
Sony Playstation - UEFA Champions League .. Heavy; No Time 2009 watch
Sony Playstation 3 (PS3) Launch .. Nino Rota; Amarcord 2007
Sony Singstar Legends .. Jackson Five; I Want You Back 2006
Sony Ericsson Walkman Phone Collection .. Holiday For Strings; Jump On Foot 2006
Sony Bravia .. Rossini; La Gazza Ladra Overture (The Thieving Magpie) 2006
Sony Ericsson K800i Cyber-Shot Phone .. Black Keys; Girl Is On My Mind 2006
Sony Singstar Rocks for PS2 .. Blur; Song 2 2006
Sony Ericsson Walkman Phones .. Velvet Revolver Dirty; Little Thing 2005
Sony Ericsson Walkman Phones .. Clash; I Fought The Law 2005
Sony .. Lionrock; Rude Boy Rock 2000
Sony .. Aerosmith: 'The Grind'
Sourz Spirited Raspberry: Six OClock .. Rage Music; Commissioned Track 2011 watch
Southern Comfort SoCo & Lime .. Luxembourg Brothers; Usual Suspects 2007
Southern Comfort .. Tripping Daisy; New Plains of Medicine 2003
Space.NK .. Hanne Hukkelberg; Searching 2006
Specsavers: Specs Effect .. Globus Preliator 2010 watch
Specsavers: Free Reactions .. Barry Gray; Thunderbirds 2008
Specsavers: Sheep Shearing .. Una Palliser; Mo Ghile Mear 2008
Specsavers .. Edith Piaf; Non Je Ne Regrette Rien (No Regrets) 2008
Specsavers .. Cinematic Orchestra; To Build A Home 2007
Specsavers 2 for 1 .. Hedrex; Dreamboat 2 2006
Spec Savers .. Claude Vasori: "Folk Guitar" 2005
Sprite .. Brothomstates; Adozenaday 2002
St Bruno Tobacco .. Elgar; Nimrod from Enigma Variations 1993
St. Ivel Advance .. Harry McLintock; Big Rock Candy Mountain 2005
St. Ivel .. John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John; You're The One That I Want 2000
Stagecoach .. Elgar; Pomp And Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2007
Standard Life insurance .. Black; Wonderful life 1994
Starbucks (Hank!) .. Gary Glitter; 'Rock and Roll Part 2'
Stella Artois: Ice Lounge .. Stella Artois French special; 12 Jour De Noel(12 days of Christmas) 2010 watch
Stella Artois .. Brigitte Bardot; Ne Me Laisse Pas L'Aimer 2010 watch
Stella Artois .. Clara Rockmore; Valse Sentimentale 2006
Stella Artois .. Liszt; Hungarian Rhapsody #2 2005
Stella McCartney - Stella .. Scout Niblett; Kidnapped By Neptune 2007
Storey Carpets .. Katrina and the Waves; Walking on Sunshine 2006
Stop Smoking Ad .. Nina Simone: 'Ain't Got No (I Got Life)' ~ UK
Strand Cigarettes .. Cliff Adams; Lonely Man Theme 1959
Strongbow Cider .. 2 Unlimited; Get Ready For This 2006
Strongbow Cider .. Deep Purple; Smoke on the Water 1997
Subway .. Red Rat; Shake That Rump 2007
Subaru .. Kansas: 'Dust in the Wind'
Subaru .. Sheryl Crow: 'Everyday is a Winding Road'
Sun Bingo .. Graffiti6; Stare into the Sun 2010 watch
The Sun Newspaper under 'T'
Sunsilk .. John Paul Young; Love is in the Air 2006
Superdrug .. Scouting For Girls; She's So Lovely 2011 listen
Sure For Men - Iceskater .. TDL; Feel The Forces 2011 watch
Sure Deodorant: 48 Hour Protection .. Alexandra Burke; All Night Long 2010 watch
Sure Deodorant: SureMen Last 8 Sweepstake .. Julius La Rosa; Eh, Cumpari! 2010 watch
Sure Deodorant: upside down roll-on .. Gabriella Cilmi; Sweet About Me 2008 watch
Sure Biorhythms .. Elmo; All My Life 2007
Sure Crystal .. Aaron Lacrate ft Da Kidz; Kidstuff 2007
Sure Deodorant - Sport .. The Bees; Payback 2007
Sure Deodorant .. Jack Keller and Howard Greenfield; Theme from Bewitched 2006
Sure For Men .. Xavier Cugat; Yo Quiero un Mambo 2005
Surf with Essential Oils Trampoline .. Yellowhammer ft Claire Nicolson You and I (only on a promo cd) 2010
Surf Essential Oils .. Alice Russell; Sweet Is The Air 2007
Surf Small and Mighty .. Patience and Prudence; Dreamers Bay 2007
Surf Irresistable Fragrance .. Swansway; Illuminations 2006
Surf Tropical .. Yma Sumac; Wimoweh 2005
Suzuki Swift Designed For Life .. Bang and Buller; Rock and Roll Sky 2010 watch
Suzuki SX4 .. Kula Shaker; Hush 2006
Suzuki Grand Vitara .. David Mills and Ian Wilson; What a Wonderful World 2006
Suzuki Grand Vitara .. Mooney Suzuki; Alive and Amplified 2005
Swatch Colour Codes .. Band of Skulls; I Know What I Am 2010 watch
Swatch .. Midge Ure; Breathe 2000 watch
Swifer .. It Devo: 'Whip'
Swiftcover.com Get A Life .. Baha Men; Who Let The Dogs Out? 2012 watch
Switch / Maestro .. Manhattan Transfer; Chanson D'Amour 2003
Switch / Maestro .. Renee and Renato; Save Your Love 2002
Sylvania .. The Who: 'I Can See For Miles'
T >>
TK Maxx - Big Labels, Small Prices.. Alex Winston; Choice Notes 2011 watch
T K Maxx Daily Deliveries .. Junior Walker and The All Stars; Roadrunner 2008
T K Maxx Big Value at Small Prices .. Zoe Lewis; Small Is Tremendous 2007
T K Maxx .. Fats Waller; Have A Little Dream On Me 2007
T K Maxx .. John Williams; Carol of the Bells 2006
T K Maxx .. Zongamin; Tunnel Music 2006
T-Mobile What Britain Loves .. Dizzee Rascal and Armand Van Helden; Bonkers 2012 watch
T-Mobile - Parking Ticket .. Klaus Badelt; Door of Destiny 2011 watch
T-Mobile Youfix - Parking Tickets .. Dire Straits; Money For Nothing 2011 watch
T-Mobile Heathrow Terminal 5 : Welcome Back .. Mel Tormé - Comin Home Baby; Mark Morrison - Return of the Mack; Iggy Pop - The Passenger; Thin Lizzy - Boys are Back In Town; Kaiser Chiefs Oh My God; Aretha Franklin with George Michael I Knew You Were Waiting (for me); Peters And Lee Welcome Home 2010 watch
T- Mobile .. Josh's Band; Come With Me 2010 watch
T- Mobile; Broadband campaign .. Kelly Stolt; Lets Get Out Tonight 2008/9 watch
T- Mobile; Flext campaign .. Vashti Bunyan; Diamond Day 2008 watch
T- Mobile; Favourite People .. Blood Sweat and Tears; Spinning Wheel 2007 watch
T- Mobile; Text Your Head Off .. Claude Von Stroke; The Whistler 2007 watch
T- Mobile; Web 'n' Walk .. I'm From Barcelona; Collection Of Stamps 2007 watch
T- Mobile; (moving houses) .. Arthur Russell; This is How We Walk On The Moon 2007 watch
T- Mobile; Web 'n' Walk .. Robbie Williams; Tripping 2006
T- Mobile Everyone .. Bedouin Soundclash; When The Night Feels My Song 2006
T- Mobile; Mates Rates Promotion .. Goldfrapp; Ooh La La 2005
T- Mobile; Rolling Stones 40 Licks Tour .. Rolling Stones; You Got Me Rocking 2003
T- Mobile .. Def Leppard; Pour Some Sugar on Me 2002
T-Mobile .. Royksopp: So Easy 2002
Take 2 Interactive The Darkness .. Marilyn Manson; Cruci-Fiction In Space 2007
Take A Break .. Village People; YMCA 2006
TalkTalk - A Brighter Home For Everyone .. Righteous Brothers; Unchained Melody 2011 watch
Talk Talk .. The Box Tops; Neon Rainbow 2009 watch
Talk Talk: When Will You Join? .. Primal Scream; Come Together 2008 watch
Talk Talk .. Hayley Sanderson; Something In The Air 2006 watch
Talksport World Cup 2006 Coverage .. Talksport Allstars; We're England (Tom Hark) 2006
Tango Dancing Granny .. Lomax; Praise 2010 watch
Tropicana Awake To Alive .. The Cinematic Orchestra; Transformation 2012 watch
Target Department Store .. Petula Clark: "A Sign Of The Times" 1999
Target Department Store .. Roy Orbison: 'You Got It'
Tees Valley Beef Meatballs Small Farmers, Big Taste! .. Commissioned; In The Country 2012 watch
Teletext - Holidays .. Lindsey Buckingham; Holiday Road 2011 watch
Teletext - "Blah blah blah" .. Trio; Da Da Da 2007
Telewest .. Elmo Tanner & Ted Weems Orchestra; Heartaches 2006
Telewest Teleport .. Flying Lizards; Money 2005
Tena Lady .. Bobby Hebb; Sunny 2010 watch
Tena Pants .. KC and the Sunshine Band; (Shake Shake Shake) Shake Your Booty 2010
Tennents Lager .. Screamin' Jay Hawkins; I Put A Spell On You 2005
Tennents Lager .. Big Country; One Great Thing 1989
Tennents Pilsner .. Simple Minds; Alive and Kicking 1983
Terrys Chocolate Orange - Love It To Bits .. Kenny Graham and His Satellites; Sunbeam 2010 watch
Terrys All Gold - Imagine .. Tavares; Heaven Must Be Missing An Angel 2002
Terrys .. Hazel O' Connor; Will You 2000
Terrys .. Tchaikovsky; Chinese Dance 2000
Tesco F&F Florence + Fred Glide .. Cut Copy; Feel The Love 2012 watch
Tesco - Christmas 2011 .. The Pogues and Kirsty MacColl; Fairytale of New York 2011 watch
Tesco Mobile: Sponsors .. Warren Hamilton; Big Team 2010 watch
Tesco: F & F Country Cricket .. MoZella; Magic (Oh Oh Oh) 2010 watch
Tesco: Muscular Dystrophy Campaign .. Cherry Ghost; People Help The People 2010 watch
Tesco: Christmas with the Spice Girls .. Bing Crosby; Santa Claus Is Coming To Town 2007
Tesco: F & F Fashions .. Hanne Hukkelberg; Boble 2007
Tesco: Back To School .. Richard Hayman; Children's Marching Song (Nick Nack Paddy Whack) 2007
Tesco .. Camera Obscura; Country Mile 2007
Tesco: Florence & Fred - Red Dress .. Delfonics; Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time) 2006
Tesco .. Terry Hall & The Colourfield; Windmills of Your Mind 2006
Tesco: Cherokee Kids .. Jamelia; Superstar 2006
Tetley Tea - Tea Folk Singing .. Tetley Tea Folk; Just the Way You Are 2011 watch
Tetley Tea - For Everyone .. Victor Mizzy; Addams Family (Main Theme from TV Series) 2007
Tetley .. Gerry and the Pacemakers; You'll Never Walk Alone 2000
Tetley's Bitter .. Vive La Fete; Maquillage 2006
TGI Fridays .. The Scorpions: 'Rock You Like a Hurricane'
The Bed Shed Sale .. Crew Cuts; Sh-Boom (Life Could Be A Dream) 2006
The Daily Express: Sixties CD Promotion .. Foundations; Build Me Up Buttercup 2005
The Mail on Sunday: Travis CD Promotion .. Travis; Flowers In The Window 2007
The Mail on Sunday: .. Frankie Goes To Hollywood; Two Tribes 2007
The Mail on Sunday: Planet Earth by Prince - Free Cd .. Prince; Guitar 2007
The Daily Mail: World At War Promotion .. Carl Davis; World At War: Main Theme 2007
The Daily Star: Ramones CD Promo .. Ramones; Do You Wanna Dance 2007
The Daily Star: Best of Echo & The Bunnymen Promo .. Echo & The Bunnymen; Back Of Love 2007
The Daily Star: Best of Happy Mondays Promo .. Happy Mondays; Step On 2007
The People .. Iggy Pop; Lust For Life 2000
The Sun .. Vangelis; Chariots of Fire 2012 watch
The Sun: Bingo .. Graffiti6; Stare into the Sun 2010 watch
The Sun: World Cup - Maybe .. Terry Venables; If I Can Dream 2010 watch
The Sun: Bingo .. Tony Christie; (Is This the Way To) Amarillo? 2008
The Sun: Bingo .. Ottawan: D.I.S.C.O. 2007
The Sun: 24-7 Football .. Richard Strauss; Also Sprach Zarathustra (Main theme from 2001) 2007
The Sun: Football .. Subways; Oh Yeah 2007
The Sun: £9.50 Holidays .. Reginald Dixon; I Do Like To Be Beside The Seaside 2006
The Sun: World Cup Go For Goals Pullout .. Elgar; Pomp And Circumstance March No.1 (Land Of Hope 7 Glory) 2006
The Times/Sunday Times: iPad App .. Speech Debelle; Spinnin' 2011 watch
The Times: Budget Special .. Flying Lizards; Money 2010 listen
The Times: Talk Radio DVD Promotion .. George Thorogood & the Destroyers; Bad To The Bone 2007
The Times: The Game .. Don Lusher; Carnaby Chick 2005
The Zoo: Australian TV series .. "Hippo Rhino" 2011 watch
Think Bingo: Bubble Bath .. 'I know where all the girls go' song made for the ad, not yet available
Thierry Mugler Angel Eva Mendes .. Eva Mendes; The Windmills of Your Mind 2011 watch
Thinkbox Dogs Home .. Bachman-Turner Overdrive; You Aint Seen Nothing Yet 2010 watch
Thomson Holidays New Version .. Sunday Girl (with Guy Farley) Where Is My Mind? 2012 watch
Thomson Holidays - Time For A Holiday? .. Guy Farley; Where Is My Mind? 2011 watch
Thomson Holidays .. Joey Ramone; What a Wonderful World 2012 watch
Thomas Cook Ultimate Holiday .. Morcheeba; The Sea 2009
Thomas Cook Bank Holiday Appeal; Dinah Washington; What A Difference A Day Makes 2008
Thomson Holidays .. Guy Farley (instrumental); Where Is My Mind? 2011 watch
Thomson Holidays .. Beach Boys; Good Vibrations 2010 watch
Thomson Holidays .. Fatboy Slim; Praise You 2007
Thomson Local Directory .. Creation; Biff Bang Pow 2005
Thorntons Chocolates .. Francesco de Mase & A. Alessandroni; Tema Di Oscar 2002
Thorntons .. Moby; Everloving 2000
The One .. Olivia Newton John; You Better Shape Up 2007
Thresher .. Pachelbel; Canon 1993
Tia Lusso .. Ils; No Soul (PMT Remix) 2002
Timberland Earthkeepers .. Sons & Daughters; Gilt Complex 2011 watch
Timberland Mountain Athletics .. Noisettes; Don't Give It Up 2010 watch
Timberland - This is Your Podium .. John Murphy Escaping The Icarus 11 2008
TNT 'The Closer' drama series .. Bill Withers; Ain't No Sunshine 2008
Tombola We Are Tombola .. Ash Koley; Dont Let Your Feet Touch Ground 2011 watch
Tombola - Fairground Bingo .. Marisol; Tombola 2008
Thorpe Park .. You Me At Six; The Swarm 2012 watch
Toshiba - Leading Innovation .. Vitalic; Trahison 2008
Toshiba Nicam TV .. Arthur Askey; The Thing Ummy Bob (That's Going To Win The War) 1996
Toshiba .. Vivian Stanshall; Terry Keeps His Clips On 1991
Total Greek Yoghurt - Yum No Fat .. Hayden Parsey; Dance of the Hours (Arrangement) 2011 watch
Total Greek Yoghurt .. Duncan Wisbey; Any Little Fish 2010 watch
Tous H2O Jewel of Solidarity - Perfume of Life .. OperaBabes; Lakmé H2O (Flower Duet) 2011 watch
Toyota Hybrid Cars .. Empire of the Sun; Walking On A Dream 2011 watch
Toyota Yaris - Treat It With Respect .. Supergrass; Pumping On Your Stereo 2011 watch
Toyota Cars Feel Good Driving .. Free Design; Love You 2010 watch
Toyota Rav4 .. AIM; Demonique 2006
Toyota Yaris - BigSmall .. Mando Ranks; Bring It 2006
Toyota Corolla .. Peter Gabriel; The Feeling Begins 2005
Toyota Verso .. Crosby, Stills and Nash; Teach Your Children 2005
Toyota RAV4 .. Prince Buster; Madness 2001
Toyota .. Billy Fury; Wondrous Place 2000
Toyota .. Jimi Hendrix; Voodoo Child (Slight Return) 2000
Toyota .. Iggy Pop; The Passenger 2000
Toyota .. Curtis Mayfield: 'Move On Up'
Toys R Us - Christmas 2011 .. Specially Recorded; Im a Toys R Us Kid 2011 watch
Trainline.com - Choo Choo Choose .. Black Lace; Do The Conga 2011 listen
Travelodge - Teddy Bears Holiday .. Mamas & The Papas; Go Where You Wanna Go 2011 watch
Travelocity .. Lionel Richie; Stuck On You 2005
Trident Gum .. Crimea: Loop A Loop 2008
Triumph Shape Sensation .. April Stevens; Teach Me Tiger 2012 watch
Trivago - Same Hotel, Two Prices .. Kosheen; All In My Head (version) 2011 watch
Trebor Soft Mints .. Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel; Mr Soft 1987
Tresemme: Flawless Curls .. Jamie Leonhart; written especially for the ad 2008 . watch
Tresemme .. Il Divo; Without You (Desde el Dia Que Te Fuiste) 2006
Tropicana: Doesnt Just Grow On Trees .. Novos Baianos; Besta é Tu 2011 watch
Tropicana Premium Fruit Juice: San Francisco Breakfast .. Doobie Brothers; Listen To The Music 2010 watch
Tropicana: Chefs .. Kay Starr; It's A Good Day 2009 watch
Tropicana Smoothies .. Nina Wall; Catch A Falling Star 2008
Tropicana .. Gene Kelly & Debbie Reynolds; Good Morning 2008
Tropicana .. Nouvelle Vague; Just Can't Get Enough 2007
Tunnocks Dark Chocolate.. Tchaikovsky; Chinese Dance 2010
TV Licensing .. Ninette; Push A Little Button 2010 watch
TV Licensing .. Specials; Message To You Rudy 2005
Twinings Gets Back to You .. Lissie; Go Your Own Way 2012 watch
Twinings - Gets You Back To You .. Charlene Soraia; Wherever You Will Go 2011 watch
Twinings Herbal Teas .. Ben Vella and Barney Freeman; Good As New 2010 watch
Twinings Classic Tea - Everyday .. Love Band; Mmm 2009 watch
Typhoo .. Herman's Hermits; I'm Into Something Good 2000
U >>
U.B.S: We Will Not Rest .. Maria Callas; O Mio Bambino Caro 2010 watch
Ubisoft Assassins Creed Revelations .. Woodkid; Iron 2011 watch .
Ubisoft Assassins Creed - Brotherhood .. Tinie Tempah; Pass out 2010 watch
Ubisoft Wii Just Dance .. Katy Perry; Hot n Cold 2009 watch
Ubisoft Assassin's Creed for Playstation 3 .. UNKLE; Lonely Souls ft Richard Ashcroft 2008
Ubisoft Assassin's Creed for Playstation 3 .. Massive Attack; Teardrop 2007
UEFA Anthem was performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and sung by the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields Chorus. Composer Tony Britten ...This song is an alternative to Handel's coronation anthem, "Zadok the Priest".
Lyrics
Ceux sont les meilleurs equipes,
Sie sind die allerbesten Mannschaften
The main event
Die Meister, Die Besten, Les Grandes Equipes, The Champions
Une grande reunion
Die Meister, Die Besten, Les Grandes Equipes, The Champions
Die Meister, Die Besten, Les Grandes Equipes, The Champions
UEFA Champions League .. James: I Know What I'm Here For 2007
UEFA Champions League Coverage .. Primal Scream; Country Girl 2006
UEFA Champions League .. Sebastien Tellier; La Ritournelle 2006
UEFA European Cup Theme .. Handel: "Zadok the Priest" 2004
UEFA European Cup 1996 Theme .. Beethoven: Ode To Joy from Symphony No 9 1996
There are more UEFA ads under Channel 5
UK Government directgov.co.uk .. Madness; It Must Be Love 2010 watch
UK Government Food Standards Agency .. Three Degrees; When Will I See You Again 2006
UK Government Safe Sex Promotion .. Isaac Hayes; Theme From Shaft 2003
UK Gov Teacher Training Association .. Disney; Heigh Ho (The Dwarves Marching Song from Snow White) 2003
UK Government Domestic Abuse .. Charlie Rich; Behind Closed Doors 2001
UK Government MMR Jab .. Lisa Gerrard; Sanvean 1999
UK Government Energy Efficiency .. Landscape; Einstein A Go-Go
UK Government Power Surges .. Lou Christie; Lightning Strikes
UK TV Supernatural .. Appollo 440; Magick 2007
UK TV Style - Extreme Makeover .. The Cure and The Cause; Fish Go Deep 2006
UK TV Gold: Kitchen Showdown .. Rolling Stones; Satisfaction 2006
UK TV Carry On Weekend of "Big Titters" .. Pussycat Dolls; Beep 2006
UK TV Supernatural .. Klaxons; Don't Fear The Reaper 2006
Umbro World Cup Tailored By England .. Commissioned Version; United Kingdom National Anthem 2010 watch
Uncle Ben's Rispinos .. Etta James; My Dearest Darling 2001
Universal Orlando .. Cheap Trick: 'Surrender'
UPS .. Dean Martin; That's Amore 2011 watch
US Navy .. Godsmack: 'Awake'
Valentino Valentina Fragrance .. Paolo Conte; Via Con Me 2011 watch
Vaseline Intensive Care Lotion .. Bobby Vee; 'Take Good Care of My Baby'
Vauxhall - Football .. Noel Gallaghers High Flying Birds - Aka
What A Life! 2011 watch .
Vauxhall Corsa - Graffiti .. Goldfrapp; Ooh La La 2011 watch
Vauxhall Lifetime Warranty .. Feeder; Pushing the Senses 2010 watch .
Vauxhall Meriva .. Ingrid Michaelson; Be OK 2010 watch
Vauxhall Corsa .. Gnarls Barkley; Run 2010 watch
Vauxhall Meriva / Zafira .. Sonics; Don't You Just Know It 2008 watch
Vauxhall Meriva / Zafira .. Brother Bones and His Shadows; Sweet Georgia Brown 2008 watch
Vauxhall Tigra: America's Next Top Model .. Spirit Studios provides music 2008 listen
Vauxhall Vectra LS .. Miracles; Love Machine 2008 listen
Vauxhall Zafira / Meriva .. Huey 'Piano' Smith and His Clowns; Don't You Just Know It 2008
Vauxhall Ecoflex .. Louis Armstrong What a Wonderful World 2007
Vauxhall Antara .. Isaac Hayes; Run Fay Run 2007
Vauxhall Astra .. Panoramic .. Marcos Valle; Crickets Sing for Anamaria 2007
Vauxhall Astra .. Bobby Darin; Don't Rain On My Parade 2006
Vauxhall Astra / Tigra .. Lonnie Donegan; Rock Island Line 2006
Vauxhall .. Peter Gabriel Sledgehammer 2000
Verizon Wireless .. The Beatles: 'All Together Now' ~ 2002
Very.co.uk - Holly & Fearne Take On Santa .. Specially Recorded; Anything You Can Do 2011 watch
Very.co.uk Wardrobe for all Seasons .. The Quik; Berts Apple Crumble 2010 watch .
Very.co.uk - Discover Spring .. Eliza Doolittle; Skinny Genes 2010 watch .
Very.co.uk .. Louis Armstrong; 'Zat You Santa Claus? 2009 watch
Vicks VapoRub - Sleeptight .. Shirley Temple; Goodnight My Love 2011 watch
Vicks Sinex .. Nouvelle Vague; I Melt With You 2009
Vick's Cough Syrup .. Nick Drake From The Morning 2008 watch
Vicks Medinite Complete & Daymed - Hugs .. Dragonette; Get Lucky 2007/2008
Vick's First Defence .. Dawn Landes; I'm A Believer 2007
Vimto .. Box Bottom; Bounce n Boom 2011 watch
Virgin Money 40 Years of Better .. Daft Punk; Outlands + Mike Oldfield; Tubular Bells Part 1 2012 watch
Virgin Holidays Best Of Rockstar Service Sale .. Radio FreQ; Where You Been? 2012 watch
Virgin Media - Exciting Place to Live .. Dan Black; Symphonies 2011 watch
Virgin Atlantic Got It .. Muse; Feeling Good 2010 watch
Virgin Holidays Rockstar Service .. Radio FreQ; Where You Been? 2010 watch
Virgin Holidays .. David Rose; The Stripper 2010 watch
Virgin Media .. Mazzy Star; Into Dust 2009 watch
Virgin Trains - Bumbling Ed.. Europe; The Final Countdown 2009 watch
Virgin Trains - Booty Train.. ABC; Look Of Love 2009 watch
Virgin Atlantic - Flat Bed Suite .. Bee Gees How Deep Is Your Love? 2009 watch
Virgin Atlantic - 25 Years .. Frankie Goes To Hollywood Relax 2009 watch
Virgin Holidays - I Want The World .. Charlotte Church I Want It Now (From Willy Wonka) 2008 watch
Virgin Holidays: Orlando - Florida .. Supergrass; Alright 2008 watch
Virgin 1 Channel Launch .. Enemy; You're Not Alone 2007
Virgin On Demand - Reality .. No Doubt; Just A Girl 2007
Virgin Trains .. Max Greger; Big Train 2007 watch
Virgin On Demand .. Foo Fighters; Learn To Fly 2007
Virgin Radio .. Free; All Right Now 2005
Visa Golden Space Usain Bolt vs London .. Ocean Colour Scene; Hundred Mile High City 2012 watch
Visa - London 2012 .. The Courteeners; Take Over The World 2011 watch
Visa Card: Football running man.. Pixies; Isla De Encanta 2010 watch
Visa Card: Life Flows Better .. Don Thomas; Come On Train (Ian Parton Remix) 2009 watch
Visa Card: Running man.. Whitey; Non Stop 2008 watch
Visa Card .. Obi; Somewhere Nicer 2007 watch
Vision Express Well See You Right .. Waterfall; (Stone Roses cover) 2012 watch
Visit Scotland: the creative year .. commissioned; Paul Mounsey based on "North" album Nahoo Too 2012 watch
Visit Wales: Piers Bramhalls Proper Holiday .. Islet; Ringerz 2012 watch
Visit Morocco: The Country That Travels Within You .. Yann Destal; Specially Recorded 2011 watch
Visit Scotland: Perfect Day .. Waterboys; Fisherman's Blues 2009 watch
VO5 Extreme Style - The Pliktisijiteur Pageant .. The BossHoss; Word Up 2011 watch
VO5 Assembly Line .. Example; Kickstarts 2010 watch
VO5 Extreme Style Headless .. Chromeo; Fancy Footwork 2010
VO5 Styling Army Recruits .. Santogold; Creator vs Switch & Freq Nasty 2008
Vodafone .. justtextgiving .. Two Door Cinema Club; Something Good Can Work 2011 listen
Vodafone .. Bryan Ferry; The In Crowd 2010 listen
Vodafone Network Couples .. Jamie Cullum; Im All Over It 2010 watch
Vodafone .. Tony Bennett & Celine Dion; If I Ruled The World 2009 watch
Vodafone Freedom Pack .. Tom Jones; If I Ruled The World 2009 watch
Vodafone Freedom Pack .. James Brown; If I Ruled The World 2009 watch
Vodafone .. Roger Whittaker; Mexican Whistler 2008
Vodafone .. Pearl And The Puppets; Because I Do 2008 watch
Vodafone Mobile Email Rabbit .. Delibes; Coppelia - Act I: Valse Lente 2008 watch
Vodafone Airport Chaos .. Mel Torme; Comin' Home Baby 2007
Vodafone Christmas .. Anita O' Day; A Nightingale Sang In Berkely Square 2007
Vodafone .. Labi Siffre; It Must Be Love 2007
Vodafone .. Nancy Sinatra The End (Of The Raindow) 2007
Vodafone The Internet Is Mobile .. Disney Little April Shower (from Bambi) 2007
Vodafone .. Regina Spektor Hotel Song 2007
Vodafone .. Jon Brion Theme from Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind 2006
Vodafone Family .. Bell X1 Another Girl, Another Planet 2006
Vodafone .. Only Ones Another Girl, Another Planet 2006
Vodafone .. Dandy Warhols: Bohemian Like You 2002
Volkswagen Up .. Baba Brooks; Portrait of My Love 2012 watch
Volkswagen Blue Motion .. Tiziano Lamberti; Wouldnt It Be Nice 2011 watch
Volkswagen - New Golf Cabriolet .. The Kinks; Days 2011 watch
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles - 60 Years .. The Beach Boys; God Only Knows 2011 watch
Volkswagen Passat .. John Williams; Imperial March from The Empire Strikes Back 2011 watch
Volkswagen Polo - Last Tango in Compton .. Roc C Feat. Oh No & Pok Dogg; Dont Stop 2010 watch
Volkswagen Polo .. Pink; Bad Influence 2009 watch
Volkswagen Golf .. Jeans Team & MJ Lan Keine Melodien 2009 watch
Volkswagen Passat: Extraordinary But Real .. Ferdinando Arno ft. Sandy Chambers; Gardener 2008 watch
Volkswagen Golf .. Paul Hartnoll; Gob Smack 2008
Volkswagen Polo (singing dog) .. Charlie Winston ; I'm A Man 2008
Volkswagen Polo .. Spencer Davis Group I'm A Man .. 2008 watch
Volkswagen Tiguan .. Andrew Weatherall; Feathers 2008
Volkswagen Beetle .. Devendra Banhart Santa Maria De Feira 2007
Volkswagen Golf .. Cliff Martinez Don't Blow It 2007
Volkswagen Golf .. Adrian Sutton's cover of; The Great Pretender 2007
Volkswagen .. Mint Royale; Singing In The Rain 2006
Volkswagen Convertible .. Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) Mr Blue Sky 2002
Volkswagen .. Styx: 'Mr. Roboto'
Volvo S60 T3 R-Design - Tarot .. Ástor Piazzolla; Libertango 2011 watch
Volvo C30 .. Puccini; Oh Mio Babbino Caro from Gianni Schicch /&/ Petter; Slag Under Baltet 2010 watch
Volvo C70 .. Miss Li; Oh Boy 2010 watch
Volvo C30 (Design Creates Debate) .. Baikonour; Hoko To Shin Ken 2008
Volvo XC70 .. Roy Orbison; Only The Lonely 2008
Volvo V70; Perfect Afternoon .. Nina Nastasia; Our Day Trip 2008
Volvo XC70 .. Traditional Wheels On The Bus 2007
Volvo S40 .. Fats Waller When Somebody Thinks You're Wonderful 1999
Volvo .. Donovan: 'Catch The Wind'
Vonage .. Rock-A-Teens: 'Woo Hoo'
Wachovia: AG Edwards .. Jon Darling; Lunatics 2008 watch
Waitrose - School of Christmas Magic .. Special Arrangement; Carol of the Bells 2011 watch
Waitrose - Love food, Love Life .. Mumm-ra; Shes Got You High? 2011 watch
Waitrose Price Match .. Dave Brubeck Quartet; Take Five 2010 watch
Waitrose The Only Place To Be This Christmas .. Camilla Kerslake; How Can I Keep From Singing 2009 watch
Waitrose Christmas Food .. Libera; How Can I Keep From Singing (album:Eternal/The Best of Libera) 2008 watch
Waitrose Christmas Food .. John Paul Young; Love Is In The Air 2008 watch
Waitrose quality food (picnic ad) .. Canned Heat; Going up the Country 2008 watch
Waitrose Christmas Food .. John Paul Young; Love Is In The Air 2007 watch
Waitrose Beef Farmers .. Elvis Presley; Love Me Tender 2007 watch
Waitrose Sustainable Fishing .. Mills Brothers: Some of These Days 2007
Waitrose Masters of Wine .. Carmel: More, More, More 2007
Waitrose .. Leo Sayer: You Make Me Feel Like Dancing 2007
Waitrose .. Matt Monro: Somewhere (From West Side Story) 2007
Waitrose .. Billie Holiday: When You're Smiling 2007
Waitrose Sustainable Fishing .. Mills Brothers: Some of These Days 2007
Waitrose Masters of Wine .. Carmel: More, More, More 2007
Waitrose .. Wilson Pickett; In The Midnight Hour 2002
Wales Sunloungers .. Sweet Baboo; Bumblebee Song 2010 watch
Walkers Crisps Whats That Flavour? .. Special Version: Craig David; Whats Your Flava? 2012 watch
Walkers Sunbites .. Peters and Lee; Welcome Home 2011 watch
Walkers Rainy Days .. The Weather Girls; Its Raining Men 2010 watch
Walkers Extra Crunchy .. Lionel Richie; Say You, Say Me 2010 watch
Walkers Crisps - Sandwich .. JLS; One Shot 2010 watch
Walkers Baked .. Air; Sexy Boy 2010 watch
Walkers Flavour Cup Games .. Herb Alpert; Bean Bag 2010 watch
Walkers Crisps - Sandwich .. JLS; One Shot 2010 watch
Walkers Baked Crisps - Sexy Boy Gary Lineker .. Air; Sexy Boy 2010 watch
Walkers Crisps - Do Us A Flavour .. The Specials; A Message To You Rudy 2008
Walkers Crisps .. special version; Summer Holiday 2008
Walkers Crisps - 100% British Potatoes .. Flanders & Swann; Hippopotamus Song (Mud Glorious Mud) 2008
Walkers .. Trad; Mud, Mud, Glorious Mud 2007
Walkers: Monster Munch 80% Less Fat.. Bobby "Boris" Pickett & The Crypt-Kickers Monster Mash 2007
Walkers Lamb & Mint Flavour Crisps /Salt GDA .. Bobby McFerrin; Dont Worry, Be Happy 2006
Walkers Sauce Promotion .. Motorhead; Ace of Spades 2005
Walkers Wotsits .. Captain Sensible; Wot 1999
Walkers Crisps .. Peters & Lee; Welcome Home 1994ish watch
Walls Cornetto - Teddy Bear .. Audio Bullys; Only Man 2011 watch
Walls Carte dOr - Great Ending.. Minnutes; Icedream 2011 watch
Walls Carte D'Or .. Michael Buble; Haven't Met You Yet 2010 watch
Walls Ice Cream: Carte D'Or Caramel Cinnamon Waffle .. Gavin Degraw; Follow Through 2009 watch
Wall's Carte D'Or - New Lemon Sorbet .. Gavin Degraw; Follow Through 2008 watch
Walls Ice Cream: Magnum Ecuador .. Yma Sumac Tumpa (Earthquake) 2007
Walls Ice Cream: Cornetto .. Elvis Presley; Its Now Or Never 2000
Wanadoo .. Iggy & The Stooges; Down on the Street 2005
Warburtons Taste Testers .. Jimmy Cliff; You Can Get It If You Really Want 2012 watch
Warburtons - Millionth Loaf .. Elias and his Zig Zag Jive Flutes; Tom Hark 2011 watch
Warburtons - Burnt Toast .. Barber; Adagio For Strings 2010 watch
Warburtons - The Mission .. Jerry Goldsmith; Parachutes (Air Force One - Opening Theme) 2010 watch
Warburtons .. Cat Stevens: Morning Has Broken 2006
Warner Leisure Hotels Grown Ups .. Texas; Inner Smile 2012 watch
Warner Leisure Hotels Autumn 2010 .. Kidda; Strong Together 2010 watch
Warner Brothers License To Wed .. Spencer Davis Group; Gimme Some Loving 2007
Water Aid .. Hans Zimmer & Lisa Gerrard; Now We Are Free (Juba's Mix) 2006
Weetabix - Chocolate Spoonsize .. Mord Fustang; A New World 2011 watch
Weetabix - Oatibix .. The Knack; My Sharona 2009 watch
Weetabix .. Jonathan Richman & The Modern Lovers: Egyptian Reggae 2006 listen
Weetabix .. TV Theme; Galloping Home (Theme From Black Beauty) 2000 watch
Weetabix .. Beach Boys ft. The Fat Boys; Wipe out 2000 listen
Weetabix .. unknown; I will Survive 1997ish watch
Weight Watchers: Do It Our Way .. Alesha Dixon; Do It Our Way (Play) 2012 watch
Weight Watchers .. Barbara Harris: Gorgeous 2007
Weight Watchers .. Cher; Song For The Lonely 2006
Welch's Grape Juice - Antioxidents .. Tchaikovsky; Chinese Dance 2008
Werthers Original - Fathers and Sons .. Bread; Everything I Own 2011 watch
Westpac .. Des'ree; You Gotta Be early 2000's listen
West End Draught .. ?? especially commissioned song ?? 2007 watch
Western Australia tourism .. Russell Morris: "The Real Thing" ~ Australian
Which? (Magazine) .. Verdi: Anvil Chorus from 'La Traviata' 2006
Whiskas Temptations: Let It Snow .. The Puppini Sisters; Let It Snow 2010 watch
Whiskas .. Acker Bilk; Stranger On The Shore 2005
Whiskas .. Humphrey Lyttelton Band; The Onions 2000
William Hill Vegas Casino .. Rival Consoles; Kid Velo 2012 watch
William Hill .. Switch; A Bit Patchy 2011 listen
William Hill - Football Currency .. Mantronix; King of the Beats 2011 watch
William Hill .. Sex Pistols; Pretty Vacant 2010 listen
Winalot Heart Of Our Family .. Edward Elgar; Nimrod (from "Enigma Variations") 2011 listen
Wolf Blass .. Wolf Blass; Wolf Blass Theme 2005
Wonderbra Pure .. Stranglers: Hanging Around 2002
Wonga .. Frankie Laine; Rawhide 2011 listen
Woodpecker Cider .. Culture Beat; Mr Vain 2000
Woolwich Mortgages .. Bach: Concerto for Violin and Oboe in C minor: II. Adagio 2006
Woolworths Sale .. Kaiser Chiefs; Ruby 2007
Woolworths Friends - Joey DVD Promotion .. Rembrandts; I'll Be There For You 2005
Woolworths .. Space Raiders; Song for Dot 2004
World Wildlife Fund .. 1 Giant Leap: Dunya Salam 2005
Worthingtons .. Limp Bizkit: My Way 2003
Wrangler .. Jimi Hendrix: Crosstown Traffic 2000
Wrangler .. Victor Young; Follow The Yellow Brick Road 1999
Wrangler .. Thin Lizzy: 'The Boys are Back in Town'
Wrigleys Extra Gum Are You Following Me? .. Nylon Studios; Commissioned Track 2010 watch
Wrigleys Extra sponsors Hollyoaks on Channel 4 .. Joey Ryan; Honest Man 2008
Wrigleys Extra Fusion - Mixed Up Flavours .. Hein Hoven @ Beathoven ft. Tight Eyez ; Krumping 2008
Wrigleys Orbit .. Larrikin Love; Six Queens 2008
Wrigleys Extra Fusion .. Klaxons; Gravity's Rainbow (Van She Remix) 2007
Wrigley's Extra chewing gum .. Hanson: "Mmm Bop" 2004
Wrigley's Spearmint .. Spencer Davis Group: "Keep On Running" '90s
WSPA .. REM: Everybody Hurts 2007
WWF - Save The Cerrado .. Janine Forrester; Commissioned Track 2011 watch
X >>
Xbox 360 Final Fantasy XIII 2 .. Charice; New World 2012 watch
XBox 360 Kinect Effect .. Pixies; Where Is My Mind 2011 watch
XBox 360 Forza Motorsport 4 .. Kanye West; Power 2011 watch
Xbox 360 Gears of War 3: Dust to Dust .. Mazzy Star; Into Dust 2011 watch
XBox 360 Fable III .. T Rex; Children of the Revolution 2010 watch
XBox 360 Final Fantasy XIII .. Leona Lewis; My Hands 2010 listen
XBox 360 Watch Sky TV .. Big Pink; Dominos 2009 watch
XBox 360: Gears of War 2.. DeVotchka; "How It Ends" 2008 watch
XBox 360: Bring Everyone Together .. Poison; Nothin' But A Good Time 2007
XBox 360: Bioshock .. Bobby Darin; Beyond The Sea 2007
XBox 360: Halo 3 .. Chopin; Raindrop Prelude (Op. 28, Prelude No. 15 in D-flat major) 2007
X Files .. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds; Red Right Hand 1990
Y >>
Yahoo .. Queen: "You're My Best Friend"
Yahoo .. Eric Clapton: 'Wonderful Tonight'
Yell.com - Day V Lately .. Day V Lately; Pulse & Thunder 2011 watch
Yellow Pages .. Ramones; Baby I Love You 1997
Yeo Valley Organic - X-Factor 2011 .. The Churned; Forever 2011 watch
Yeo Valley Organic - Harmony .. Yeo Valley Boyz; Yeo Valley Rap (ft Mr George & Lisa Roxanne) 2010 watch
Yoplait Yogurt .. Bryan Hyland cover: 'Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini'
Yorkshire Bank Current Account .. Farm; All Together Now 2007
Yorkshire Tourist Ad .. Jam; English Rose 2008
Youngs Chip Shop -- Hungry Sailor .. Port Isaacs Fishermans Friends; The Hungry Sailor 2011 watch
Youngs Breaded Fish: Love Fish .. Port Isaacs Fishermans Friends; When The Boat Comes In 2011 watch
Youngs: Sea To Plate .. Andy Findon; Dance Ti Thi Daddy (Theme from When The Boat Comes In) 2006
Yves Saint Laurent Opium .. Mozart; Lacrimosa from Requiem in D Minor 2011 watch
Yves Saint Laurent Elle .. Yeah Yeah Yeahs; Gold Lion 2007 watch
Z >
Zoflora Bouquet.. Dukas; Sorcerers Apprentice 2005
Zurich Municipal Insurance .. Showaddywaddy; You Got What It Takes 2000
IF YOU KNOW A TV AD SONG NOT ON THE LIST ~ PLEASE EMAIL
I put ad's up on the page at least once a week that I have seen and know or have very kindly been emailed in.
Sincere apologies, but PLEASE don't ask me to search an ad song for you. If you can't find, it odds on, I cant!!
With all the many pages I do on my hobby-site I just haven't the time for hour long searches ~ really sorry.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
| nimble bread |
What is the fourth planet from the sun, in our solar system? | TV Ads, Commercials and Music
AA .. Carole King; You've Got A Friend 2006 listen
AA .. Mozarts Piano Concerto No.21: 2nd Movement: Andante (Elvira Madigan) 2005
AA just ask .. John Barry: 'Midnight Cowboy' ~ UK 2002
AA breakdown .. Whistling Jack Smith: "I Was Kaiser Bill's Batman" ~ 2004 listen
Abbey National .. Idlewild: Too Long Awake(reprise) 2005
Abbey National .. Boston: More Than A Feeling uk 2005
Abbey National .. Tom Jones: "Help Yourself" ~ UK 2003
Abrakebabra .. Eric Carmen; Hungry Eyes 2009 watch
Absolut Vodka: Blank Art .. The Octopus Project; Fuguefat 2011 watch
Absolut Vodka: Doing Things Differently .. Fall On Your Sword; Ceremony 2010
Absolute Radio No Repeat Guarantee .. Jam; Eton Rifles 2009
Absolute Radio .. Pulp; Common People 2008 watch
Absolute Radio .. Killers; Mr Brightside 2008 watch
Ace Hardware .. Foghat: 'Slow Ride'
Acer - Iconia Tab A500 .. Ferdinando Arno; A New Kind of Something 2011 watch
Activision Call Of Duty: Black Ops .. Rolling Stones; Gimme Shelter 2010 watch
Activision Guitar Hero:Warriors Of Rock .. Muse; Uprising 2010 listen
Activision Guitar Hero:World Tour & Playboy Mansion.. Bob Seger & SB; Band Old Time Rock n Roll 2009
Activision Guitar Hero III .. Velvet Revolver Slither 2008 watch
Activision Guitar Hero II .. Wolfmother: Woman 2007
Adidas Take The Stage All 2012 .. Wretch; Youre Up Next 2012 watch
Adidas .. Justice; Civilization 2011 watch
Adidas Originals .. Dee Edwards; Why Cant There Be Love (Pilooski Remix) 2010 watch
Adidas Originals .. John Williams; Cantina Band 2010 watch
Adidas Originals .. Pilooski; Can't There Be Love 2010 watch
Adidas .. Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons; Beggin' (Pilooski Remix) 2009
Adidas .. Morning Runner: Burning Benches 2007 watch
Adidas .. Khachaturian: "Sabre Dance" ~ 2006 watch
Adidas .. Squeak E Clean Featuring Karen O: Hello Tomorrow 2005
Adidas Understanding Football II .. Members: Sound of the Suburbs 2005
Aero - Feel The Bubbles .. Jackson Five; ABC 2009 watch
Aero .. Henry Mancini; Lujon 2005
Aero .. Black Mighty Orchestra; Ocean Beach 2005
Air France - Soaring .. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; Piano Concerto No. 23 in A, K. 488: II.Adagio 2011 watch
AIWA sound systems .. Queen: 'Another One Bites The Dust' ~ 1998
Albert Bartlett Rooster Potatoes Marcia Cross .. Los del Río; Macarena 2010 watch
Alberto V05 - Extreme Style .. Whitey: A Walk In The Dark 2007 watch
Alfa Romeo MiTo.. Flavio Ibba; Red Rose Music Production 2010 watch
Alfa Romeo .. Daft Punk; Technologic 2009
Alfa Romeo Spider .. Mozart: Duettino - Sull'aria from The Marriage of Figaro: Act III Scene 10 2007 view
Alfa Romeo .. Sister Rosetta Tharpe: What Is The Soul Of Man 2006
Alliance and Leicester .. Henry Mancini: Baby Elephant Walk 1999
Allianz Insurance .. Queen; I Want It All 2008
Alpro Soya For Active Grown-ups .. The Dixie Cups; Iko Iko 2010 watch
Alpro Soya - Age Is Strength .. Hooverphonic; Eden 2008 view
Alpro Soya - Good For Everybody .. Mary J Blige; (You Make Me Feel Like A) Natural Woman 2008 view
Alton Towers (secret doors) .. Edvard Grieg; In The Hall Of The Mountain King 2008
Alton Towers (lions) .. Simon Park Orchestra; Eye Level early 80's
Always .. Tchaikovsky; Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy from The Nutcracker Suite 2009
Alzheimer's Society .. Satie: Gymnopedie No 1 2006
Amazon All-New Kindle .. Generationals; When They Fight, They Fight 2012 watch
Amazon Kindle: The Book Lives On .. The New Pornographers; Sweet Talk, Sweet Talk 2011 watch
Amazon Kindle: Zest .. Bibio; Lovers Carvings 2010 watch
Amazon Kindle .. Little & Ashley; Fly Me Away 2010 watch
American Airlines .. Khachaturian: Sabre Dance 2007
Amnesty International Campaign To Save Darfur .. U2: Instant Karma 2007
Amor Amor, Forbidden Kiss (Cacharel) .. Cat Power song; ?? Forbidden Love?? 2011 watch
Anadin Extra: Let It Shine .. Odetta; This Little Light Of Mine 2008
Anadin Extra painkillers .. RJD2; Ghostwriter 200?
Ancestry.co.uk .. Max Richter; Vladimir's Blues 2009
Anchor Butter - Cow Party .. Patti Drew; Hard To Handle 2011 watch
Anchor Butter - Made by Cows .. Handsome Hank and His Lonesome Boys; Paradise City 2010 watch
Anchor Butter .. ??Human Voices??; The Great Escape Theme 2009 watch
Anchor Butter .. Bing Crosby; Don't Fence Me In 2007 view
Andalucia .org .. Chambao: Ah Estas Tu 2006
Andrex - The Little Things .. Dave Berry; Little Things 2010 watch
Andrex - Pennies .. Lita Roza; How Much Is That Doggie In The Window? 2010 watch
Andrex - Christmas Puppies .. Shakin' Stevens; Merry Christmas Everyone 2009 watch
Andrex .. Marvin Gaye & Tammi Terrell Ain't Nothing Like The Real Thing 2009 view
Andrex .. Respect; Aretha Franklin 2008
Andrex - Longer Lasting .. Tchaikovsky: Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy from The Nutcracker Suite 2007
Animal Planet: Bumble Bees .. BMG Athmosphere; Sunny Haze 2008
Animal Planet: Wild 100 .. Tomoyasu Hotei; Battle Without Honor or Humanity 2007
Ann Summers - Model Search .. Jagga; Modern Day Romance 2011 watch
Ann Summers .. Christmas Carol; O Come All Ye Faithful 2007 view
Ansett Australia .. The Who: "My Generation" ~ Australia
Ansett Australia .. Vanessa Amorosi: "Shine" ~ Australia
AOL Broadband .. Faure; In Paradisum from Requiem ~ 2006
Apple iCloud Harmony .. Andy Huckvale; Reach 2012 watch
Apple iPod Touch Share The Fun .. Grouplove Tongue Tied 2011 watch
Apple iPhone 4S .. Keith Kenniff; Goldengrove v2 2011 watch
Apple Corps - The Beatles on itunes .. The Beatles; Let It Be 2010 watch
Apple MacBook Air - Pinch .. Alan Steinberger; Apple Jingle (commissioned) 2010 watch
Apple iPod Nano A New Way to Nano .. CAKE; Short Skirt/Long Jacket 2010 watch
Apple iPad Delicious .. Chilly Gonzales; Never Stop 2010 watch
Apple iPod Touch .. Chappo; Come Home 2010 watch
Apple iPhone 4 .. Louis Armstrong; When Youre Smiling (the Whole World Smiles With You) 2010 watch
Apple iPad - Revolution .. Yeah Yeah Yeahs; Gold Lion 2010 watch
Apple iPhone 3GS On Hold .. The Boy Least Likely To; Stringing Up Conkers 2010 watch
Apple iPhone 3GS .. Submarines; Submarine Symphonika 2010 watch
Apple iPad .. Blue Van; There Goes My Love 2010 watch
Apple iPod Touch 3G .. Tommy Sparks; She's Got Me Dancing 2009 watch
Apple Nano - Video .. Miss Li and Amanda Jenssen; Bourgeois Shangri-La 2009
Apple iPhone 3GS .. Matt Costa; Mr Pitiful 2009
Apple iPhone 3G .. Submarines; You Me and the Bourgeoisie 2009
Apple iPod Touch 2g .. Franz Ferdinand; No You Girls Never Know 2009
Apple iPod - iTouch .. Asteroids Galaxy Tour; Around The Bend 2008 view
Apple Nano - Chromatic .. Chairlift; Bruises 2008 view
Apple iTunes - Coldplay Exclusive .. Coldplay Viva La Vida 2008 view
Apple iPod & iTunes .. Ting Tings Shut Up & Let Me Go 2008 view
Apple iPhone 3G - Beat the iPhone .. David Holmes; $165 Million + Interest (into) The Round-Up 2008 view
Apple Macbook Air .. Yael Naim; New Soul 2008 view
Apple iPod & iTunes .. Mary J Blige; Work That - 2008 view
Apple iPhone .. Orba Squara; Perfect Timing (This Morning) 2007
Apple iPod Touch .. CSS; Music Is My Hot, Hot Sex 2007
Apple 3rd generation iPod nano .. Feist: 1,2,3,4, Sept 2007
Apple iPod Shuffle .. Prototypes: 'Who's Gonna Sing' 2007
Apple iPod .. Fratellis: Flathead 2007
Apple iPod .. Bob Dylan: Someday Baby 2006
Apple iPod .. Gorillaz: "Feel Good Inc" 2005
Apple iMac (White) .. Cream: White Room 2000
Apple iMac (Blue) .. Elvis Presley: Blue Suede Shoes 2000
Aquafina .. The Carpenters: 'Top of the World'
Aquafresh Toothpaste .. The Knack: My Sharona 2005
Argos - Reserve Online .. Aled Jones; Walking In The Air 2011 watch
Argos Bing Crosby Christmas .. FaithSFX White Christmas 2010 watch
Argos - Christmas Lists .. Jona Lewie; Stop The Cavalry 2009 watch
Argos - The Big Play .. Chic; Good Times 2009 watch
Argos - Live For Less .. Fine Young Cannibals Good Thing 2009 view
Argos - Last Minute Christmas Shopping .. Chuck Berry Run Rudolph Run 2008 view
Argos - Christmas Catalogue .. MC Hammer; U Can't Touch This 2008 view
Argos - New Catalogue .. Victor Young; We're Off To See The Wizard (From The Wizard Of Oz) 2008 view
Argos .. Dean Martin; Relax-Ay-Voo 2008 view
Argos .. Wizzard; I Wish It Could Be Christmas Every Day 2007
Argos Christmassy Deals .. Perry Como & The Fontane Sisters; It's Beginning to Look Like Christmas 2007
Argos .. Jean Knight: Mr Big Stuff 2005
Ariel Turn To 30 .. Mendelssohn: Overture from The Hebrides (Fingal's Cave) 2007
Ariel with Febreeze .. Kool and the Gang: Fresh 2007
Armani (Giorgio): Acqua Di Gioia Woman and Nature .. Cinematic Orchestra; Arrival of the Birds 2010 watch
Arthurs Cat Food .. Buzzcocks: What Do I Get 2000
Asda - 10% Price Guarantee .. Eric Morecambe and Ernie Wise; Bring Me Sunshine 2012 watch
Asda - Extra Special Christmas Desserts .. Special Arrangement; Winter Wonderland 2011 watch
Asda .. Puccini; Humming Chorus from Madam Butterfly 2010 listen
Asda .. Mungo Jerry; In The Summertime 2008
Asda .. Wild Billy Childish and The Blackhands; Who Do You Think You Are Kidding Mr Hitler? 2008
Asda George Uniform .. Beethoven: Symphony No 5 2007
Asda George .. Lil' Chris: Checkin It Out 2007
Asda Christmas Drink .. Slade: Merry Xmas Everybody 2006
Asda Extra Special .. Marlene Dietrich: Falling In Love Again 2006
Asics: Made of Sport .. Massive Music; Specially Recorded 2012 watch
Asics: Sound Mind, Sound Body .. Electric President; Ten Thousand Lines 2011 watch
Aston Manor Press 81 Premium Cider - Chill to Perfection .. DZ Deathrays; Gebbie Street 2011 watch
ASUS Eee Pad Transformer .. Terry Devine-King; Delinquent 2011
AT & T Wireless .. The Beatles: 'Come Together'
Audi A5 The Swan .. Danny Kaye; Ugly Ducking 2012 watch
Audi A6 Avant - Open Road, Open Sky .. John Charles Thomas; Open Road (from The Gyspy Baron) 2011 watch
Audi A6 - Manipulation .. Alex Heffes ft. Regina Spektor; Balloon Girl 2011 watch
Audi A7 Sportback .. Basement Jaxx; Dracula 2010 watch
Audi R8 Spyder .. Handel; Eternal Source of Light Divine 2010 watch
Audi A6 Injection .. Battles; Race:In 2009
Audi Economy Drive .. Jimmy Reed; Bright Lights, Big City 2009
Audi A4 (Progress is Beautiful) .. created by Nate Morgan of Eliasarts; Notes on Progress 2008
Audi RS6 (Gymnast) .. Composed especially for the advert 2008
Audi R8 .. Simone White; The Beep Beep Song 2007
Audi A5 .. Dustin O'Halloran: Prelude 2 2007
Audi TT .. Motorettes: Kids In America 2007
Audi Quattro RS4 .. Burl Ives: I Know An Old Lady (Who Swallowed A Fly) 2006
Audi Q7 .. E*Vax: Glacier 2006
Audi TT .. Jimi Hendrix: Third Stone from the Sun 2002
Audi A8 .. Beethoven: Moonlight Sonata 1998
Auto Trader .. Paul Reade; Theme From The Frumps 2008
Avios - Anything Can Fly .. Leila; Underwaters (One For Keni) 2011 watch
Aviva Car Insurance .. Cream; I Feel Free 2010 watch
Aviva Pensions .. Buzzcocks; Everybody's Happy Nowadays 2009 watch
Aviva .. Chemical Brothers; The Pills Won't Help You Now 2009
Axa Swiftcover.com .. Baha Men; Who Let The Dogs Out 2012 watch
Axe Shampoo .. Teddybears STHLM ft. Swing-Fly; Hey Boy 2009 watch
B >>
B&Q - I Did That .. Crosby, Stills and Nash; Our House 2012 watch
B&Q You Can Do It .. Amber States; Our House 2012 watch
B&Q Memories .. Dean Martin; Memories Are Made of This 2011 watch
B&Q - Garden Makeover .. Adelphoi; Longer Brighter 2011 watch
B&Q - Lets Do It Together .. Adelphoi; Longer Brighter 2011 watch
B&Q .. Bananarama and Fun Boy Three; It Ain't What You Do It's The Way That You Do It 2008 watch
B&Q .. Cole Porter; Let's Do It (Let's Fall In Love) 2007
B&Q Sale .. Slim Smith & The Uniques: Build My World Around You 2007
Bacardi - Together Manifesto .. Islands; Switched On 2011 watch
Bacardi Island .. Sao Benitez; Danca Loco 2010 watch
Bacardi Mojito .. Kidda Under The Sun 2008 watch
Bacardi Made 2 Mix Rum .. Max Sedgley: Happy (Make You Happy) 2007
Bacardi .. D4: Get Loose 2006
Bacardi .. Primal Scream: Movin' On Up 2006
Baileys Irish Cream - Hazelnut .. The Rumble Strips: Girls and Boys in Love 2010 watch
Baileys Irish Cream - with Ice .. Macy Gray; Come Together 2010 DL
Baileys Irish Cream .. Elana Drago; Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow 2009 watch
Baileys Irish Cream .. Ray Charles; The Night Time Is The Right Time 2009 watch
Baileys Irish Cream .. Billy Byrd and His Penguins; Boom Pacha Boom 2007
Baileys Irish Cream .. Carmen Miranda; Chica Chica Boom Chic 2007
Baileys Float .. 4 Hero: Les Fleur 2004
Baileys .. Blondie: 'One Way or Another' 2000
Ballygowan .. Paula Flynn: Let's Dance 2007
Ballygowan .. T Rex: Cosmic Dancer 2006
Bank Of Scotland .. Lloyd Cole & The Commotions: Lost Weekend 2007
Barclays Pingit .. Metronomy; The Look 2012 watch
Barclays Offset Mortgage - Hourglass .. Jacques Offenbach Arr: Keith J Blainville; Barcarolle 2011 watch
Barclaycard City Rollercoaster .. Petula Clark; Downtown 2011 watch
Barclays .. Offenbach; Barcarolle from The Tales of Hoffmann 2011 watch
Barclays .. Dead or Alive; You Spin Me Round 2010 listen
Barclaycard - Freedom .. Booker T and The MGs; Green Onions 2010 listen
Barclaycard Contactless - rollercoaster .. Boston; More Than A Feeling 2010 watch
Barclaycard .. Whitey; Non Stop 2008
Barnardos Turn Around .. Bat For Lashes; Moon and Moon 2009 watch
BASF .. Sol Seppy: Wonderland 2007
Baxters - No One Makes Soup Like .. Frightened Rabbit; Swim Until You Cant See Land 2011 watch
BBC 5LIve - New Football Season .. U2; Where The Streets Have No Name 2010 listen
BBC Luther Theme Music .. Massive Attack; Paradise Circus 2010 listen
BBC Man on Wire Trailer .. Satie; Gymnopedie No 1 2009
BBC Occupation Trailer .. Grizzly Bear; Deep Blue Sea 2009
BBC Films: The Damned United .. Glasvegas; Geraldine 2009 watch
BBC Films: The Damned United .. Edgar Winter Group; Free Ride 2009 watch
BBC Sport 2009 .. Hives; Tick Tick Boom 2009
BBC Christmas promotion . . Badly Drawn Boy; Donna and Blitzen 2008 watch
BBC HD .. Saliva Ladies and Gentlemen 2008 watch
BBC Eastenders: Jacksons .. Jackson Five I Want You Back 2008
BBC Animal Rescue .. Deva Premal & Miten; Through The Eyes Of An Angel 2008
BBC Eastenders: Ricky & Bianca's return .. Righteous Brothers; Hung on You 2008
BBC Dimbleby Lecture .. Alexander Glazunov; The Seasons, Op. 67: Autumn - Bacchanale
BBC Ganges Trailer .. Talvin Singh Traveller 2007
BBC Radio 2 (Russell Brand playing a mandelin) .. REM Losing My Relgion 2007
BBC Michael Palins New Europe .. Andrew Bird; Heretics 2007
BBC The Restaurant .. Gonzalez Let's Groove Again 2007
BBC Saxondale New Series .. Focus: House Of The King 2007
BBC Radio 4 Promotion .. Eric Coates: By A Sleepy Lagoon (Theme from Desert Island Discs) 2007
BBC Radio Wales .. Fleetwood Mac; Man Of The World 2007
BBC Saving Planet Earth Trailer .. Peter Gabriel; The Feeling Begins 2007
BBC Jekyll & other Trailers .. Della Reese: Don't You Know 2007
BBC On Demand .. New Order: Blue Monday 88 2007
BBC Top Gear .. The Allman Brothers: "Jessica" 1990
BBC Film Night .. Billy Taylor Trio: I Wish I Knew (How It Would Feel To Be Free) 1975
BBC The Onedin Line (Main Theme) .. Khachaturian: Adagio Of Spartacus And Phygia 1973
BBC John Peel Show Theme .. Grinderswitch: Pickin' The Blues 1972
BBC What The Papers Say .. Malcolm Arnold's "Allegro Non Troppo", the fifth movement from English Dances
BBC2: Seven Ages Of Rock .. Jimi Hendrix: All Along The Watchtower 2007
BBC4: Edwardian Season .. Misty's Big Adventure: Fashion Parade 2007
Becks Vier .. Arling & Cameron; Shiva's Rock 'n' Roll Dub 2008
Becks (man dancing with puppet men) .. Pink Mountaintops: Can You Do That Dance? 2007
Becks Vier Bier (man dancing with puppet men) .. The Flaming Lips: 'It Overtakes Me' 2006/7
Bells Whisky - Bells Tumbler Orchestra .. Harold Faltermeyer ; Axel F 2011 watch
Bendicks .. Soul II Soul: Missing You 2000
Bendicks .. John Waite: Missing You 2000
Benecol: Better Together .. Jackie De Shannon; Put A Little Love In Your Heart 2011 watch
Benecol Yoghurt: Once a Day .. Tommy McCook and the Supersonics; Reggae Méringue 2011 watch
Bensons For Beds Autumn .. Georgie Fame; Yeh Yeh 2010 watch
Benylin .. Charlatans; Can't Get Out Of Bed 2008 watch
Bernard Matthews Farms Bootiful Choir .. Special Version; You Are So Beautiful 2010
Bernard Matthews Turkey Slices .. Nana Mouskouri; Never On A Sunday 2007
Berocca - LogJammers .. LumberJaxxx; LogJam 2010 watch
Berocca .. Blancmange; Living On The Ceiling 2008 watch
Bertolli Rustico Pasta Sauces .. John Bigante: Guaglione 2006
Bet365 Bingo .. C&C Music Factory; Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now) 2009 watch
Bet365 On-Line Bingo .. Aberfeldy; Summer's Gone 2008
Beyonce Pulse Feel The Power .. Lil Wayne; Run The World 2011 watch
Bic Soleil .. 5th Dimension: Let The Sun Shine In 2007
Birds Eye Frozen Peas .. Platters; The Great Pretender 2009 watch
Birds Eye Fish Fingers Omega 3,Be Mortgage Free .. Madness; Our House 2007
Birdeye .. Autamata: "Fragments" ~ 2004
Bisto: Promise .. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky; Dance Of The Cygnets (from Swan Lake) 2011 watch
Bisto .. Grieg: Adagio from Piano Concerto 2006
Blackberry Playbook - Power .. The Temptations; Power 2011 watch
Blackberry Playbook - Flash .. Queen; Flashs Theme 2011 watch
Blackberry: Playbook .. Pretenders; Brass In Pocket 2011 watch
Blackberry .. Beatles; All You Need Is Love 2009 watch
Blackberry Curve .. The Humans; recorded specially for the ad 2008
Blackberry: Life On Blackbery .. Live The Proof; Jim Boggia 2008
Blackberry .. The Brazilian Girls; Jique 2007
Blockbusters: end of late fees .. Roy Orbison: It's Over 2005
Blood transfussion service .. Joe Campbell: "The Blood Donor ~ UK
Bleu de Chanel The Film .. The Rolling Stones: She Said Yeah 2010 watch
Blu-Ray - Rise of the Planet of the Apes .. Bat For Lashes; Sad Eyes 2011 watch
Blue Ray Apes Ad .. 2011 .. watch
BMW 3 Series Joy Wins .. Elvis vs JXL; A Little Less Conversation 2012 watch
BMW 6 Series .. Electric Light Orchestra; Mr. Blue Sky 2011 watch
BMW .. Philip Glass: "Cloudscape" ~ UK
BMW .. Philip Glass: "Priut Igoe" ~ UK
BMW 1 series .. The Champs: "Limbo Rock" ~ UK
BNP Paribas: Keep Reaching .. The Middle East; Blood 2011 watch
Boddingtons .. Happy Mondays: Step On 2005
Boddingtons .. Georgie Fame; Somebody Stole My Thunder 2004
Boddingtons .. Hollies; Stay 2000
Boddingtons .. Mike Flowers Pops Orchestra; Release Me 2000
Boddingtons .. Faithless; If Loving You Is Wrong 2000
Boddingtons Cattle Market .. King Bee; Back By Dope Demand 1999/2000
Boddingtons "By 'eck, you smell gorgeous tonight, Petal" .. DeWolfe;'Smoke Rings' 1992
Bodyform: Free Protective Tin .. Balkan Beat Box; Cha Cha 2008
Bodyform .. Rachel Kelly: (Ain't Gonna Let Nobody) Turn Me Around 2006
Body Form .. Joan Baez: "(Ain't Gonna Let Nobody) Turn Me Around" ~ UK
Bold 2 in 1: Infusions .. Cover?? Cocteau Twins; "Pandora (For Cindy)" 2008
Bold 2 in 1: Crushed Silk & Jasmine .. Texas: Inner Smile 2006
Bold 2 in 1 .. Doris Day: It's A Great Feeling 2006
Boots - Christmas 2011 .. Sugababes -- Girls (Orchestral Version) 2011 watch
Boots No.7 Protect and Perfect Jar Clearout .. Bananarama Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye 2010 watch
Boots No 7 .. Eartha Kitt; A Lady Loves 2010 watch
Boots Office Christmas Party .. Ernie K. Doe; Here Come The Girls 2007
Boots No. 7 .. Jefferson Airplane: "White Rabbit" 2006
Boots 'Gorgeous' Christmas .. the Gotan Project: "Epoca" 2006
Boots .. Dogs Die In Hot Cars: "No One Teaches Life Anything" 2005
Boots .. Hollies: I'm Alive 2000
Bose Cinemate 1 .. Atone; Introduction 2011 watch
Bose - SoundLink .. Between Borders; Flowers In My Pocket 2011 watch
Branston Baked Beans .. Hot Chocolate: You Sexy Thing 2007
Breezeloans .. Isley Brothers: Summer Breeze 2007
Breil .. Des'ree; You Gotta Be 1996 listen
Brita Water Filters - 100% Recyclable .. Blue Sky Blonde Free Your Mind 2008 watch
Britain's Next Top Model (at eviction time) .. Terry Devine-King; Leap of Faith 2 2006
British Airways Theme is "The Flower Duet" ... in many different arrangments and is on most of their adverts
even Christmas ads with carol mixes.
British Airways - Barbados .. Tim Devine; King Carnival 2011
British Airways - To Fly, To Serve .. Helen Jane Long; Commissioned Track 2011 watch
British Airways - Orlando Florida .. Supergrass: Alright 2008 listen
British Airways .. Brian Hodge; Angel Eyes 2007 watch
British Airways .. Sophie Barker: "Leaving on a Jet Plane" 2006/7 watch
British Airways .. Leo Delibes; Flower duet - Lakmé Opera - 90s/2000s Theme still in use watch
British Airways .. Yanni: "Aria" (arrangment of Flower Duet - Lakmé Opera) ~ Theme still in use watch
British Gas .. Fontella Bass; Rescue Me 2011 watch
British Gas Energy Smart Energy Saving Monitor .. Henry Mancini; The Pink Panther Theme 2011 watch
British Gas and Nectar: Look After Your World .. Queen; One Vision 2011 watch
British Gas Paperless Billing .. Ponchielli; Dance Of The Hours from La Gioconda 2007
British Gas Green Energy Package .. Mozart; Overture from 'The Marriage of Figaro' 2007
British Gas 2nd Price Drop .. Tchaikovsky: 1812 Overture 2007
British Gas Price Drop .. Johan Strauss: Blue Danube Waltz 2007
British Heart Foundation Vinnie Jones .. Bee Gees; Staying Alive 2012 watch
British Heart Foundation - Clots .. Frank Sinatra: I've Got You Under My Skin 2005
British Meat Beef & Lamb .. Booker T and The MGs: Soul Limbo 2006
British Red Cross Tsunami and Earthquake Appeal .. Elgar: Nimrod from Enigma Variations 2005
BT London Live Closing Ceremony Celebration Concert .. The Wanted; Gold Forever 2012 watch
BT (British Telecom) Winter Deals .. Sam Fonteyn; Pop Looks Bach (Theme from Ski Sunday) 2012 watch
BT (British Telecom) Infinity - Olympics .. The Irrepressibles; In This Shirt 2011 watch
BT (British Telecom) Vision - TV The Way You Want It .. Bloc Party; Biko (Mogwai Remix) 2011 watch
British Telecom (BT) Infinity - Light Streams .. Rachel Goodrich; Light Bulbs (ANR Remix) 2011 watch
British Telecom (BT) Wedding Dance .. Minnie Riperton; Lovin You 2011 watch
British Telecom (BT) Infinity - At Home .. V.V. Brown; Travelling Like The Light? 2011 listen
British Telecom (BT) Total Broadband - Wi-Fi Everywhere .. Stephan Altman; No Place Like Home 2010 watch
British Telecom (BT) BT Vision Digital TV-Christmas .. Noel Harrison; The Windmills of Your Mind 2010 watch
British Telecom (BT) Total Broadband .. Stereo MCs; Step It Up 2010 listen
British Telecom (BT) Fibre Optic Broadband - Infinity.. Allie Moss; Corner 2010 watch
British Telecom (BT) Winter Deals .. Just Jack; Starz In Their Eyes 2010 watch
British Telecom (BT) Sponsors GB Paralympics .. Wings Live and Let Die 2008
British Telecom (BT) BT Vision - For Boys .. Laurie Johnson Orchestra: Theme from The Avengers 2007
British Telecom (BT) .. Elvis Presley: Always on my Mind 2000
Britvic Drench: Brains dancing .. Snap; Rhythm Is A Dancer 2008
Brothers Cider - Welcome To The Family .. Cults; Go Outside (The 2 Bears Remix) 2011 watch
Brothers Pear Cider .. Dick Dale and the Deltones; Misirlou 2010 listen
Brutus Jeans .. Saatchi & Saatchi/David Dundas; Jeans On 1974 watch
Budweiser FA Cup 2012 .. Los Campesinos!; You! Me! Dancing! 2012 watch
Budweiser Good Times Waiting .. Los Campesinos!; You! Me! Dancing! 2011 watch
Budweiser .. Hot Butter Popcorn 2008
Budweiser - Bud Rising .. Fratellis Creeping Up The Back Stairs 2008
Budweiser .. Chemical Brothers: Galvanise 2006
Budweiser .. Peter, Bjorn and John: Young Folks 2006
Budweiser Beer .. The Romantics: "What I Like About You"
Budweiser .. Wiseguys; Ooh La La 1999 watch
Buick Enclave .. Kathleen Johnson: composed for the commercial by music house Hest & Kramer 2007
Bulmers No 17 .. Plan B; Writings On The Wall 2011 watch
Bulmers Cider Summer HQ .. Ron Goodwin; 633 Squadron 2010 watch
Bulmers Cider .. Fatboy Slim: The Journey 2007
Bupa .. Specially Commissioned; I Am Not A Robot 2011 watch
Bupa .. El Presidente: Old Times 2006
Bupa .. Bobby Mcferrin; "Knick Knack"
Burberry Body - The Film .. The Feeling; Rosé (Live Session) 2011 watch
Burger King King of the Day .. The Students; Every Day of the Week 2012 watch
Burger King - Hot BBQ Whopper .. Jesus Jackson; Running On Sunshine 2011 watch
Burger King .. Helen Reddy: I Am Woman 2006
Burger King Chicken Baguette Promotion .. Trini Lopez: Guantanamera 2005
Burger King (Chicken Fries) .. Coq Roq (cover): 'Bob Your Head'
Butlins Holidays: Ludo The Dino .. Sança; Dust in the Wind 2010 watch
Butlins .. Commissioned Version/remix Dead or Alive You Spin Me Round (Like a Record) 2010 watch
Butlins: Altogether More Fun .. Lesley Gore; Sunshine, Lollipops and Rainbows 2007
C >>
Cacharel: Amor Amor, Forbidden Kiss .. Cat Power; ?? Forbidden Love?? 2011 watch
Cacharel: Promesse .. Camille: 1,2,3 2005
Cadburys Dairy Milk Bubbly .. Michael Kamen; The Office (From Brazil) 2012 watch
Cadbury's Dairy Milk .. Europe; The Final Countdown 2011 watch
Cadbury's Dairy Milk - Charity Shop .. Jermaine Stewart; We Dont Have To Take Your Clothes Off 2011 watch
Cadburys Bliss Pampered Chocolate .. Manhattan Transfer: Chanson Damour 2010 watch
Cadbury Fingers World Party .. David Garrett; The 5th 2010 watch
Cadburys Dairy Milk Big Swap Songs .. Paolo Nutini Feat. The Big Ghana Band; Pencil Full Of Lead 2010 watch
Cadburys Spots vs Stripes .. Spike Jones; Hotcha Cornya 2010 watch
Cadburys Spots vs Stripes .. Keith Mansfield; Grandstand Theme 2010 watch
Cadburys Spots vs Stripes .. Pete Raeburn; Commissioned Soundtree 2010 watch
Cadburys Chocolate Charmer .. Charlatans; The Only One I Know 2010 watch
Cadburys Dairy Milk - Eyebrows .. Freestyle; Don't Stop The Rock 2010 watch
Cadburys Dairy Milk Big Swap Songs .. Paolo Nutini Ft. Big Ghana Band Pencil Full Of Lead 2010 watch
Cadburys Truck ad .. Bon Jovi; Living On A Prayer 2008
Cadburys Dairy Milk .. Bonie Tyler; Totsl Eclipse Of The Heart 2008
Cadburys Chocolate Digestive .. Boy Least Likely To; I'm Glad I Hitched My Apple Wagon To Your Star 2008
Cadburys Crunchie .. Pointer Sisters; I'm So Excited 2008
Cadburys Dairy Milk .. Phil Collins; In The Air Tonight 2007
Cadburys Chocolate Digestive .. Edwin Hawkins Singers: Oh Happy Day 2007
Cadburys Creme Egg .. Frank Sinatra: My Way 2006
Cadburys choc .. Dusty Springfield: Take Another Little Piece Of My Heart uk 2006
Cadburys Easter eggs .. Imogen Heap: "Headlock" ~ UK 2006
Cadburys Milk Tray .. Peggy Lee: 'Fever' 1998
Cadburys Mini Eggs: Mr Cadbury's Parrot .. Bonzo Dog Band: Mr Slater's Parrot 1994
Cadillac .. Led Zeppelin: 'Rock & Roll' 2003
Canada Tourism .. Celine Dion: "You and I" UK 2006
Cancer Research UK .. A Fine Frenzy; Hope For The Hopeless 2008
Cancer Research UK 'Being Here' campaign .. music composed specifically for the ad 2008
Cancer Research UK .. Eva Cassidy: Songbird 2007
Cancer Research UK .. Keane: She Has No Time 2006
Cancer Research UK .. The Farm: "All Together Now" ~ UK 2006
Cancer Research UK .. Eva Cassidy: Fields of Gold 2002
Canon - Kite Adventure .. The Naked and Famous; Young Blood? 2011 watch
Canon PowerShot SX210 IS Camera Insects .. Fanfarlo; The Walls Are Coming Down 2010 watch
Canon EOS 400D .. La Boutique Fantastique: "Wave"
Canon .. The Beatles: 'Across the Universe'
Capital One Savings .. Survivor: Eye of the Tiger 2006
Capital One credit card .. Ian Dury: "Hit Me With Your Rhythm Stick" UK 2005
Capital One home loans .. Madness: "Our House" ~ UK
Capital Radio .. Hoosiers; Worried About Ray 2007
Carphone Warehouse - Time For An Upgrade .. The Stranglers; Waltzinblack 2011 watch
Carphone Warehouse: A brief history of communication .. Minilogue; Hitchhikers Choice 2008
Carephone Warehouse .. "The Whistling Tune" whistled by Daryl Hannah & composed by Bernard Herrman,
used in the film Twisted Nerve was later used again in Kill Bill Vol. 1.
Carling Chrome Refreshment Refined .. T. Rex; Get It On 2012 watch
Carling - Brilliantly Refreshed .. Alice Gold; Wondrous Place 2011 watch
Carling - Taxi .. Guy Farley; Casterway 2009 watch
Carling Belong .. Christopher Rouse; Flute Concerto - Elegia 2008
Carling .. Elgar; Nimrod from Enigma Variations 2007
Carling C2 .. Slagsmalsklubben: Raven Ateruppstar 2007
Carling Belong .. B Bumble & The Stingers: Nut Rocker 2007
Carling Lager .. The 5.6.7.8's; "Woo Hoo" 2006
Carling Lager .. Hard-Fi: "Living For The Weekend" 2007
Carlsberg Team Talk .. Kasabian; Underdog 2010 watch
Carlsberg Beer .. Steve Harley & the Cockney Rebel: Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me) Christmas 1994
Carnival Cruise Lines .. Bobby Darin: 'Beyond the Sea'
Carte DOr - Macadamia Night .. Minnutes; IceDream 2011 watch
Carte D'Or .. Michael Buble; Haven't Met You Yet 2010 watch
Carte D'Or - Caramel Cinnamon Waffle .. Gavin Degraw; Follow Through 2009 watch
Carte D'Or - New Lemon Sorbet .. Gavin Degraw; Follow Through 2008 watch
Cartier LOdyssée de Cartier .. Pierre Adenot; Commissioned Music 2012 watch
Castle Lager .. Toto: "Out Of Africa" ~ Sth.Africa
Castrol Oil .. The Guess Who: 'American Woman' ~ late 90's
Center Parcs .. Temper Trap; Sweet Disposition 2011 watch
Cesar .. Petula Clark; I Couldn't Live Without Your Love 2009 watch
Chanel Nail Polish Shade Parade .. Frankie Lymon; Little Bitty Pretty One 2012 watch
Chanel - Coco Mademoiselle .. Joss Stone; Its A Mans Mans Mans World 2011 watch
Chanel - Bleu de Chanel The Film .. The Rolling Stones; She Said Yeah 2010 watch
Chanel No 5 .. Billie Holiday; I'm A Fool To Want You 2009
Chanel Coco Mademosielle .. Joss Stone; L-O-V-E 2007
Chanel's Chance .. Anne Ducros: "Taking a Chance on Love" 2006
Chanel's No 5 (Nicole Kidman) .. Debussy: "Clair De Lune" 2005
Channel 4: Try Life In Another Language:Shadows.. Nubla; Nada se olvida/Nothing Is Forgotten 2008 watch
Channel 4: In Her Shoes .. Newton Faulkner; Dream Catch Me 2008
Channel 4: Deserate Housewives trailer .. Gotan Project; Mi Confesion 2008
Channel 4: Dirty Sexy Money .. LCD Soundsystem; North American Scum 2008
Channel 4: 4oD .. Gorillaz; Kids With Guns 2007
Channel 4: Ugly Betty Promo .. Prince; U Got The Look 2006
Channel 4: Ultimate Bikini Guide .. David Bowie; Rebel, Rebel 2006
Channel 4: Lost Promotion .. Groove Armada; Edge Hill 2005
Channel 5: 'Shows at 8' promo .. Polyphonic Spree;Lithium 2008
Channel 5: advertising UAFA .. The Chemical Brothers; All Rights Reserved 2008
Channel 5: UAFA (SK Brann and Everton) .. Bloc Party; Flux 2008
Chase .. Grover Washington Jr: 'Just the Two of Us'
Cheerios .. Torpedo Boyz; Any Trash Professor Abacus? 2005
Cheerios: Yogurt .. Herman's Hermits: 'I'm Into Something Good'
Cheesestrings .. Gene Kelly; Broadway Rhythm Ballet (From Singin' In The Rain) 2007
Cherokee: Jeep Grand - Have Fun Out There .. Steve Poltz; You Remind Me 2008
Chevrolet .. ZZ Top; Tush 2011 listen
Chevrolet Captiva .. Fine Young Cannibals; Good Thing 2007
Chevrolet Trucks .. Bob Segar; Like a Rock 1994 watch
Chevrolet .. The Yardbirds: 'Over, Under, Sideways, Down
Children In Need .. The Collective; Teardrop 2011 watch
Children In Need .. JLS; Love You More 2010 watch
Choice Hotels .. Johnny Cash: 'I've Been Everywhere Man'
Christian Dior's Dior J'Adore .. Marvin Gaye: 'A Funky Spave Reincarnation' ~ UK
Chrysler Different Is What We Do .. Jay-Z; Heart of the City (Aint No Love) 2012 watch
Chrysler .. Papa Dee: "I Spy" ~ US
Chrysler 300C .. M83: "In the Cold I'm Standing" ~ UK
Churchill Insurance I Need A Hero! .. Bonnie Tyler; Holding Out For A Hero 2012 watch
Churchill Insurance .. Billy Withers; Just The Two Of Us 2008
Churchill Insurance .. Braund Reynolds; Rocket (a Natural Gambler) 2007
Cingular .. Allman Brothers Band: 'Sweet Melissa'
Cingular .. The Band: 'The Weight'
Citi.com (Moneyman commercial) .. Camper Van Beethoven: 'Gaurdian Angels'
Citroen DS5 Change Era .. Marilyn Manson; Doll-Dagga Buzz-Buzz Ziggety-Zag 2012 watch
Citroen DS One In A Million .. DatA; One In A Million 2012 watch
Citroen C4 - Blind Spot .. Mamas and Papas; California Dreamin' 2011/2012 watch
Citroën DS4 - Why Conform? .. Cassius; I Love You So 2011 watch
Citroen C4 .. JJ Cale; Call Me The Breeze 2011 watch
Citroen C4 - Transformer .. Les Rythmes Digitales; Jacques Your Body (Make Me Sweat) 2010 watch
Citroen C3 - Visiodrive .. Hives; Tick Tick Boom 2009
Citroen C5: sword fencing .. Wagner; Ride of the Valkyries 2008 Watch
Citroen C4: sprinting robot .. Luke Dzierzek; Echo 2007 Watch
Citroen C4: robot .. Pompon Finkelstein; Hungarian Dance No.5 - Brahms (Remix) 2007 Euro Watch
Citroen C3: Dolphins .. Bobby Darin; Beyond The Sea 2007 Watch
Citroen C4 .. Donna Summer; Love To Love You Baby 2007 Listen
Citroen C4 Picasso Visiospace .. Bonobo Ketto 2007 Watch
Citroen C4: The Skater .. The Egg; Walking Away (Tocadisco Remix) 2006 Watch
Clairol .. Cyndi Lauper; Girls Just Wanna Have Fun 2011 listen
Clairol Nice 'n' Easy .. Kim Carnes; Bette Davis Eyes 2008
Clark's Shoes Stand Tall .. Shawn Lees Ping Pong Orchestra; Kiss The Sky 2010 watch
Clark's Shoes - Walk Tall .. They Might Be Giants; Birdhouse In Your Soul 2010 listen
Clark's Shoes - Pleasure Seeker .. B-52s Funplex 2008 Watch
Clark's Shoes - Enjoy Every Step .. Lonely Drifter Karen True Desire 2008 Watch
Clark's - Enjoy Every Step - Rendezvous .. Ak - Momo: Greasy Spoon 2008
Clark's Shoes .. Astronautalis (Andy Bothwell) ; Ocean Walk 2008
Clark's Shoes .. Sebastien Martel; Dumb 2007
Clark's Shoes .. Nelson Riddle; Lolita Ya Ya 2007
Clarks Shoes .. Jackie Lee: "White Horses" ~ 2006
Clarks Shoes .. Baccara: Yes Sir, I Can Boogie 2003
Clark's Shoes .. Motorhead; Ace of Spades 2003
Clinique 3 Step - Skin Care system .. Nana Mouskouri; 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy) 2007
Clover Butter- the middle .. Paul Pritchard; Steps To Success 2009 watch
Cobra Indian Beer .. Black Keys; Gold on the Ceiling 2012 listen
Coca Cola Move to the Beat of London 2012 .. Mark Ronson ft Katy B; Anywhere in the World 2012 watch
Coca-Cola .. Natasha Bedingfield; Shake Up Christmas 2011 watch
Coca-Cola .. Oasis; Whatever 2011 watch
Coca-Cola - London 2012 Future Flames .. One Night Only; Can You Feel It (Tonight) 2011 watch
Coca-Cola: 125th Anniversary .. Hillside Singers; Id Like to Teach the World to Sing 2011 watch
Coca Cola - Musical ad .. One Night Only; Can You Feel It Tonight 2011 watch
Coca-Cola - Insect Heist .. Sergey Prokofiev; Peter and the Wolf March 2011 watch
Coca-Cola - Snow Globe .. Train; Shake-up Christmas 2010 watch
Coca-Cola Fifa World Cup 2010 .. K'naan; Wavin' Flag 2010 watch
Coca-Cola: Diet Coke .. Michael Sembello; Maniac 2010 watch
Coca-Cola .. Melanie Thornton; Wonderful Dream (Holidays are Coming) 2009 watch
Coca-Cola .. Kinks; Lola 2007
Coca-Cola .. Bugsy Malone Cast; You Give A Little Love 2006
Coca-Cola .. Nilsson: 'Put the Lime in the Coconut' 2006
Coca-Cola Raspberry .. Jefferson Airplane: Somebody to Love by ~ 2005 New Zealand
Coca-Cola: the real thing .. Robin Beck; First Time 1989 watch
Coca-Cola: Diet Coke - Break .. Etta James; I Just Wanna Make Love To You 1996 watch
Coca-Cola .. The Rolling Stones: 'You Can't Always Get What You Want'
Coca-Cola .. Queen: 'I Want To Break Free'
Coca-Cola - Coke Diet .. Born: "Callin' Out"
Codemasters - Brian Lara Cricket .. Groove Armada; But I Feel Good 2007
Coleen Butterflies .. Tchaikovsky; Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy from The Nutcracker Suite 2011 watch
Colin Murrays Radio 1 Show .. Grandaddy: "A.M 180"
Colmans Instant Beef Gravy .. Specially Recorded; I Like The Way You Moo 2011 watch
Comet Come and Play .. Ska Cubana: Soy Campesino 2010 watch
Comet - On Call Team .. George Baker Selection; Little Green Bag 2008
Comfort .. Filmore Fresh & The Clothworld Crew; Do The Moves 2007
Comfort Concentrate .. Reggae Vision; Do De Move 2007
Comfort .. Koop; I See A Different You 2007
Comic Relief Red Nose Day 2011 .. Wanted; Gold Forever 2011 watch
Comic Relief Red Nose Day 2007 .. Proclaimers with Brian Potter/Peter Kay & Andy Pipkin/Matt Lucas; I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles) 2007
Comic Relief Red Nose Day 2007 .. Sugababes vs Girls Aloud; Walk This Way 2007
Comparethemarket.com .. Mendelsohn; Wedding March (Commissioned/Distorted) 2008
Concern Worldwide: Born Starving .. Athena Andreadis; Breathe Again 2010 watch
Confused.com - Cara Sings Confused.com/YMCA .. Louise Dearman; Con-Fused-Dot-Com 2011 watch
Confused.com - Cara Sings Chain Reaction .. Louise Dearman; Chain Reaction 2011 watch
Confused.com - Happy Valentine .. Louise Dearman; Chain Reaction (acoustic version) 2011 watch
Confused.com - Cara sings Somebody to Love .. Louise Dearman; Somebody To Love 2010 watch
Co-operative - Join The Revolution .. Athlete; Light The Way 2011 watch
Co-op Variety Club .. Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel; Make Me Smile (Come up and See Me) 2010 watch
Co-op Good For Everyone .. Bob Dylan; Blowin' In The Wind 2009 watch
Co-operative Society: Christmas Ad .. Gabriella Cilmi; Warm This Christmas 2008 watch
Coral .. Terry Devine-King; Downtown Jump 2012
Corona Light: Moonlight .. Michael Franti & Spearhead; Say Hey (I Love You) 2010 watch
Corona Light .. Aquila Rose & Idana Valdes; Rhythms del Mundo 2009 watch
Cottages4U Take It Home .. Urusen; Now That She Has Flown 2010 watch
Cow & Gate .. Don Drummond; Don D Lion 2007
Crabbie's Ginger Beer for Grown Ups .. Melodi Light Orchestra; Puffin' Billy 2009 & 2010 watch
Cravendale .. Little Richard; All Around The World 2007
Crown Breath-easy Paint .. The Rumble Strips; Girls and Boys in Love 2008
Crown Twist Tops .. Rivingtons; Papa Oom Mow Mow 2007 .
CSL Sofas - 40% Better .. Steph; What You See Is What You Get 2011 watch .
CSL Sofas: Christmas 2010 .. Steph; Girls On Film 2010 watch
CSL: Love Life and Sofas .. Steph; Wisemen 2010 watch
CFL Sofas: Sale .. Steph Spencer; Standing on the Edge of Love 2009 watch
CFL Sofas: Street Chaos .. Stephanie Slater; Chasing Butterflies 2008 watch
CSL Sofas .. Regina Spector; Fidelity 2008 Listen
CSL Sofas Winter Sale .. Eartha Kitt; C' Mon a My House! 2008
CSL .. Dexy Midnight Runners; Come On Eileen 2007
CSL .. Spin Doctors; Two Princes 2007
Cuprinol .. Quincy Jones; It's Caper Time (Self Preservation Society) 2011 listen
Currys PC World - Vaders Visit .. John Williams; The Imperial March (Darth Vaders Theme) 2011 watch
Currys - Low Price TV's Forever .. Mylo; In My Arms 2008
Cushelle Toilet Tissue: Koala Ad .. Four Knight; Oh Happy Days 2011 watch
Cussons Imperial Leather - Skinkind .. Alex Banks; Snow 2010 watch
Cussons Imperial Leather .. Ben Sands; Hug 2007
D >>>
D Max TV channel: The Fat Doctor .. Thriving Ivory; Angels on the Moon 2011 listen
Daily Express: Sixties CD Promotion .. Foundations; Build Me Up Buttercup 2005
Daily Mail - Femail Upgrade .. Rockettothesky; Grizzly Man 2011 watch
Daily Mail Supplements.. Commissioned Version; Everyday 2010 watch
Daily Mail .. Buddy Holly; Everyday 2009
Daily Mail World At War Promotion .. Carl Davis; World At War: Main Theme 2007
Daily Mail: World At War Promotion .. Carl Davis; World At War: Main Theme 2007
Daily Mirror Football website .. Pigbag; Papa's Got A Brand New Pigbag 2009 watch
Daily Mirror Legends Collection .. Elvis Presley; Blue Suede Shoes 2009 watch
Daily Record .. El Presidente; Without You 2006
Daily Star: Ramones CD Promo .. Ramones; Do You Wanna Dance 2007
Daily Star: Best of Echo & The Bunnymen Promo .. Echo & The Bunnymen; Back Of Love 2007
Daily Star: Best of Happy Mondays Promo .. Happy Mondays; Step On 2007
Daily Star Ramones CD Promo .. Ramones; Do You Wanna Dance 2007
Daily Star Best of Echo & The Bunnymen Promo .. Echo & The Bunnymen; Back Of Love 2007
Daily Star Best of Happy Mondays Promo .. Happy Mondays; Step On 2007
Daily Telegraph WWII Promotion .. Holst; Jupiter, The Bringer Of Jollity from The Planets Suite 2008 watch
Dairy Crest Cathedral City .. Slim Pickings; Pass It On 2007
Dairylea Cheese Spread .. Jilted Jon; Jilted John (Gordon Is A Moron) 2008
Dairylea Dunkers .. Ron Goodwin; 633 Squadron 2006
Danone Actimel.. Frank Wilson; Do I Love You 2010
Danone Activia .. Spencer Davis Group; Gimme Some Loving 2010 watch
Danone Shape Yoghurt .. Noisettes; Wild Young Hearts 2009 watch
Danone Actimel .. Nappy Brown: Little By Little 2007
De Agostini Elvis The Official Collector Edition .. Elvis Presley; Welcome To My World 2007
Debenhams Life Made Fabulous .. Two Door Cinema Club; This Is The Life 2012 watch
Debenhams - This Is The Life .. Two Door Cinema Club; This Is The Life 2011 watch
Debenhams - Feel Fabulous .. Jackie Wilson; I Get the Sweetest Feeling 2011 watch
Debenhams Design in Every Department .. Roxy Music; Love Is The Drug 2009 watch
Debenhams Designer Range .. Lovin' Spoonful; Summer In The City 2007
Debenhams Designers .. Transvision Vamp: Baby I Don't Care ~ UK 2006
Debenhams .. (Morgan Van Dam remix) Madonna: "Santa Baby"(christmas 2006)
Defra Act on CO2 Carbon Footprint .. Kinks; Shangri-La 2007
Defra Climate Challenge ..Oskar; P.S.I. 2006
Del Prado Cavalry Through The Ages ..Tchaikovsky; 1812 Overture 2007
Dell Computers .. Chordettes; Lollipop 2009 watch
Dell Computers .. Devo; Watch Us Work It 2007
Dell Computers .. Squeeze: 'Tempted'
Drench Drinks Cubehead .. The Gap Band; Oops Upside Your Head 2010 watch
Dentyne Blast (Underwater Kiss) .. Kissogram (remix?) : Backseat of My Mind 2007
Dentyne Ice (Frog Kiss) .. Ben's Brother: 'Stuttering' 2007
Dentyne Ice (TTC Subway) .. Papas Fritas: 'Way You Walk' 2006
Dentyne Gum .. Squeeze: 'Tempted' ??
Dettol 4-in-1 .. Tchaikovsky; 1812 Overture 2008
DFS Making Every Day More Comfortable .. Neil Diamond;We 2012 listen
DFS .. XTC; Stupidly Happy 2012 watch
DFS Sunny Day .. Elizabeth Mitchell; Lovely Day 2012 watch
DFS 2010 Summer Sale .. The Las; There She Goes 2010 watch
DFS - Vibe Collection .. V V Brown; L.O.V.E. 2010 watch
DFS - Happy Sofas .. Super Preachers; I Feel Happy Ft. Sista Moon 2010 watch
DFS Sponsors of Lion Country .. Lenka; The Show 2010 watch
DFS .. Noisettes; Never Forget 2009 listen
DFS - Early Sale .. Paolo Nutini; 10/10 2009 listen
DFS - Winter Sale .. The Ethiopians; Train To Skaville 2009 watch
DFS .. McFly; All About You 2009 watch
DFS .. The La's; There She Goes 2008
DFS - Winter Collection .. Mariah Carey; All I Want For Christmas Is You 2008 watch
DFS - Summer Sale .. Nickelback; Rockstar 2008 watch
DFS - Half Price Emotive and Trend Collection .. Petula Clark; Colour My World 2008
DFS - Half sofas .. Puccini - O Mio Babbino Caro from Gianni Schicchi 2008
DFS .. Queen; I Want It All 2008
DFS .. Cranberries; Dreams 2007
DFS .. Mariah Carey; All I Want For Christmas Is You 2007
DFS .. Calvin Harris; Colours 2007
DFS - Sale .. Queen: I Want It All 2007
DFS - Easter Sale .. Boy Least Likely To Be Gentle With Me 2007
DFS .. Touch and Go: Would You...? 2006
DFS .. Little Anthony & the Imperials: "I'm on the outside (looking in)" ~ UK 2004
DFS .. Earth, Wind & Fire: "Boogie Wonderland" UK 2004
DFS .. Pato Banton: Baby Come Back 2002
DHL Express .. Speed of Yellow; Aint No Mountain High Enough 2011 watch
Diamond Insurance .. Marilyn Monroe; Diamonds Are A Girls Best Friend 2007
Diesel: Loverdose .. Donna Summer; Love To Love You Baby (Loverdose Remix) 2011 watch
Diesel: Denim Collection .. Secret Artist/Sizzer Amsterdam; Born To Be Alive 2011 watch (original-Patrick Hernandez)
Digital-UK switchover .. Harry Nilsson; Everybody's Talkin' 2007
Dior - JAdore .. Gossip; Heavy Cross 2011 watch
Dior Addict: Kate Moss .. Duran Duran; All You Need Is Now 2011 watch
Dior: Miss Dior Cherie .. Jane Birkin & Serge Gainsbourg; Je TAime
Moi Non Plus 2011 watch
Dior Homme Intense .. Killers Shadowplay 2009 watch
Dior Miss Dior Cherie .. Brigitte Bardot; Moi Je Joue 2009 watch
Dior "Rouge Dior" Lipstick .. Tom Jones; It's Not Unusual 2007
Dior Midnight Poison .. Muse; Space Dementia 2007
Dior J'Adore .. Marvin Gaye: A Funky Space Reincarnation 2006
Dior J'Adore .. Barry White: Never Gonna Give You Up 2004
Directgov.gov.uk Id Go Direct Guv.. Madness; It Must Be Love 2010 watch
Discover Ireland: Jump Into Ireland .. Snow Patrol Berlin 2012 watch
Disneyland Paris - Magical Moments .. Music; Special Commission 2001 watch
Disney Cinemagic .. James Morrison; Wonderful World 2007
Disney Toy Story 10th Anniversary DVD..Thin Lizzy: The Boys Are Back In Town 2005
DKNY Original The Fragrances .. Helena; Life In My Heart 2011 watch
DKNY Be Delicious .. Madi Diaz; Does It Rain (Where You Are)? 2011 watch
DKNY .. Honeyroot: "Starshine" ~ UK
Dobbies Garden World .. The Charlatans: "Try Again Today" 2006 & 2008
Dockers San Francisco; Work, Weekend, Dress, Golf.. Marlena Shaw: "California Soul" 2008 listen
Dockers Specs: The Slacker ad .. Frank Sinatra: I Get A Kick Out Of You 2008
Dockers: Streetcar Commercial .. Madeleine Peyroux; Don't Wait Too Long 2008 listen
Dodge Journey - Waterslide .. Apples In Stereo; Sun Is Out 2008 listen
Dolce & Gabbana D&G Fragrance .. George Michael; Freedom 90 2009 watch
Dolce & Gabbana - D&G Jewels .. Stylophonic; R U Experienced 2007
Dolce & Gabbana - Blue .. Mario Lanza; Parlami D'amore Mariu 2007
Dolce & Gabbana - Time .. Stylophonic: Dancefloor 2006
Dolce & Gabbana - Time .. Stylophonic: BabyBeatBox 2005
Dominos - What We Do .. Frankie and the Heartstrings; Hunger 2011 watch
Domino's Double Decadence.. Tchaikovsky; Concerto For Piano-Orchestra No.1 In B Flat Minor Op.23 2010 watch
Domino's Steak Pizza .. Tchaikovsky; 1812 Overture 2008 listen
Doritos .. Blondie: "One Way or Another"
Dove - Nourishing Oil Care .. Specially Recorded; Why You Gotta Be Like That? 2011 watch
Dove - Damage Therapy .. Rodgers and Hammerstein; My Favourite Things 2010 watch
Dove - For Men .. Rossini William; Tell Overture 2010 watch
Dove - Pro Age Deodorant .. Pepe Romero; Farrucas 2007
Dove .. Cyndi Lauper: True Colors 2006
Dove - Summer Glow Body Lotion .. Ella Fitzgerald: Sunny 2006
Dove .. Kameil Madison: "Rock Ya Body" ~ UK
Dr Oetker Ristorante Pizza .. Verdi: La Donna E Mobile 2006
Dr Pepper Doctors Orders .. Dr Dre; Shit Popped Off 2009 watch
Dr Pepper .. Tom Jones: 'Help Yourself'
Dr Pepper .. Meatloaf: 'I'd Do Anything for Love'
Dr Pepper .. Hot Chocolate: 'You Sexy Thing'
Dreams Bed Superstore - Wake Up .. Renee & Jeremy; Three Little Birds 2011 watch
Dreams Beds - Hushabye Dream .. Stacey Kent; Hushabye Mountain 2011 watch
Dreams Beds .. Billy Joel; River of Dreams 2010 listen
Dreams Superstore Good Nights Sleep .. Dan Hartman; I Can Dream About You 2010 watch
Dreams Superstore Biggest Ever Bed .. The Temptations; Get Ready 2010 listen
Dreams .. Daisy Wood-Davis; Dream Bay Dream 2010 watch
Dreams .. The Supremes; The Happening 2010 listen
Dreams Boxing Day Sale .. Roy Orbison; You Got It 2009
Dreams Biggest Bed Sale .. Mama Cass Elliot; It's Getting Better 2009 watch
Dreams Bank Holiday Sale .. Chordettes; Mr Sandman 2009
Dreams .. Dells; Oh What A Night 2009
Dreams: Double Discount .. Shirley Horn; Take A Little Time To Smile 2009 DL
Dreams: Bed Superstore .. The Five Satins; In the Still of the Night 2008 listen
Dreams: Bed Superstore .. Gene Kelly & Debbie Reynolds: Good Morning 2007 listen
Dreamworks Shrek The Third .. Fratellis; Chelsea Dagger 2007 listen
Drench Cubehead .. The Gap Band; Oops Upside Your Head 2010 watch
Drench Spring Water - Brains from Thunderbird .. Snap; Rhythm Is A Dancer 2008 listen
Dulux Boudoir .. Alice Grant @ Hear No Evil ; Its Been A Long, Long Time 2012 watch
Dulux - Roving Dog .. Terry Bush -- Maybe Tomorrow (The Littlest Hobo Theme Tune) 2011 watch
Dulux Lets Colour, Walls .. Jonsi; Go Do 2010 watch
Dulux Paintpod .. Traditional; Blaydon Races 2010 watch
Dulux - Let's Colour, Garage .. John Barry; Midnight Cowboy 2010 watch
Dulux Security Guard .. Paul Reeves; Regent Street Stomp 2008 listen
Dulux Paint .. Cutee B: Experience 2006
Dunlop .. David Bowie: Moonage Daydream 2000
Dunlop .. Stevie Wonder: He's Misstra Know It All 2000
Durex - Performax Intense .. Marvin Gaye; Lets Get It On 2012 watch
DVLA Registrations .. Free: Travellin' Man 2005
Dyson Stowaway .. Johan Strauss; Blue Danube Waltz 2007
E >>>
EA Sports FIFA Street .. Freestylers; Breaker Beats Pt 1 2012 watch
EA Sports SSX-X Games .. The Joy Formidable; Austere 2012 watch
EA Games Battlefield 3 .. Jay Z; 99 Problems 2011 watch
EA Games Fifa 11 We Are 11 .. Tenpole Tudor; Swords of a Thousand Men 2010 watch
EA Games Battlefield: Bad Company 2 .. Queens of the Stone Age; You Think I Aint Worth A Dollar, But I Feel Like A Millionaire 2010 watch
EA XBOX 360 Left 4 Dead 2 .. Clutch; Electric Worry 2009 watch
EA Games Beatles Rockband .. Beatles; Come Together 2009 watch
EA Games Fifa Street Soccer 3 .. Go! Team; Grip Like A Vice 2008
EA Games Burnout Paradise .. Guns 'n' Roses; Paradise City 2008
EA Games Fifa Street 2 .. Coldcut: True Skool 2006
EA Games Black for Playstation 2 .. Verdi: Gypsy Chorus from 'La Traviata' 2006
E-On: See It & Save It .. Broadcast 2000; Get Up And Go 2008
E-On: Wind of Change .. Arthur Askey; Bee Song 2007
E-On: Energy Windfarm .. Sonny Terry & Brownie McGhee: Hootin' The Blues July 2007.
E4 Schrubs .. Calvin Harris; Acceptable 2007
Eagle Star Direct .. Dead Or Alive: You Spin Me Round 2000
Eagle Star Direct .. Madness: Driving in my Car 2000
Eagle Star .. Delibes: Flower Duet from Lakme 1992
Ebay .. Donovan; Sunshine Superman 2012 watch
eBay .. Feist: 1234 Australia Sept 2007
eBay .. Edith Piaf: Non Je Ne Regrette Rien 2006
easyJet: Europe By easyJet .. The Wombats; Techno Fan 2011 watch
easyJet: Summer of Love .. O'Jays; Love Train 2009
Echo's Aftersave by Davidoff .. Joseph Arthur: "In The Sun" ~ UK
Echo Falls Wine .. Art of Noise; Three Fingers Of Love 2007
Ecover Feel Good Cleaning .. James Brown; I Got You (I Feel Good) 2012 watch
Eden TV Launch .. Muse; Feeling Good 2009
EDF Blue + Price Promise .. Philip Oakey & Giorgio Moroder; Together In Electric Dreams 2012 watch
EDF Energy - Powering the London 2012 Games .. Mike Beever; The Farmer aka Fated Beauty 2011 watch
Edge .. Mozart; Piano Concerto No. 21, K 467 : Andante 2007
Edge Another Way Forward .. Roger Miller; King Of The Road 2007
Edinburgh Woollen Mill Autumn & Winter Collection .. Sweet Inspirations; Sweet Inspiration 2008 watch
Egg Card .. Television: "Hold Up" ~ UK
Egg Card .. Raymond Scott: "Baltimore Gas and Electric Co" ~ UK 2005
Electronic Arts - Battlefield 3 .. Jay Z; 99 Problems 2011 watch
Elizabeth Shaw .. Willie Nelson: Crazy 2000
Elizabeth Shaw .. Patsie Cline: Crazy 2000
Elvis Presley ELV1S: 30 Number One Hits .. Elvis Presley / JXL; A Little Less Conversation 2002
Emirates Hello Tomorrow .. Spencer & Antfood; Trek 2012 watch
Emirates A380 .. Johan Strauss; Blue Danube Waltz 2011 watch
Emirates Airlines Dubai promote .. Black; Wonderful life 2009 view
Emirates Airline ad .. First Times created by Water Music for the ad view
Emporio Armani Idole .. Nina Simone; I Put A Spell On You 2009 watch
Emporio Armani - Diamonds For Men .. Interpol; Slow Hands 2008
Emporio Armani Code .. Mis-Teeq: Scandalous2006
Emporio Armani's Night ..Goldfrapp: "Strict Machine" ~ UK 2003
England Enjoy England.com .. Jam: English Rose 2006
ESPN October Football .. John Carpenter; Halloween 2009
Esso .. Queen: I Want To Break Free 2000
Estee Lauder .. Madonna: "Love Provusion" ~ UK 2004
Ethel Austin .. Bodyrockers: The Way You Move 2007
Eurocamp: Unforgettable Moments Holidays .. The Rifles; Winter Calls 2012 watch
Europcar .. C&C Music Factory; Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now) 2011 watch
Eurostar .. Philip Glass; Sense Of Doubt 2007
Eurostar .. Jack Sedgwick; Irene's Tomorrow 2007
Eurostar .. Virginie: Tu Crois Toujours (I Go To Sleep) 2005
Evans .. LaBelle: Lady Marmalade 2006
Evergreen .. The Monkees: "Daydream Believer" ~ UK 2004
Evian - Baby Inside .. Uffie; Wordy Rappinghood (Evian Mix) 2011 watch
Evian Water .. Dan The Automator; Rapper's Delight 2009 watch
Evian Water .. Brigitte Bardot: "Moi, Je Joue" ~ UK 2005
Evian Water .. Marilyn Monroe: Bye Bye Baby 2004
F >>>
Fallon Community Health Plan .. Buddy Holly: 'Everyday'
Famouse Grouse .. Fred Astaire: Puttin' On The Ritz 2006
Fanta Chase .. Martin Solveig & Dragonette; Cant Stop 2012 watch
Fanta - Grab A Taste Of Friday .. Ting Tings; Shut Up & Let Me Go 2010 watch
Fanta - bird ad .. Architecture In Helsinki; Souvenirs 2009 watch
Fanta Orange .. Stylophonic: Way of Life 2003
Fanta .. Rae & Christian: Blazing The Crop 2002
Farleys Rusks .. Gene Vincent: Be Bop A Lula 2000
Febreeze .. Real Tuesday Weld: Bathtime In Clerkenwell 2005
Felix cat food .. Scott Joplin The Entertainer 2009 watch
Felix cat food .. Real Thing: You To Me Are Everything 2000
Felix cat food .. Lou Bega: Mambo No 5 2000
Fendi Fan Di Fendi - The New Fragrance .. Kills; Cheap and Cheerful 2011 watch .
Ferrero Rocher - Golden Light .. Jasmine Ash; Starlight 2011 watch
Ferrero Rocher - Kinder Surprise .. Eliza Doolittle; Pack Up 2011 listen
Ferrero Rochee .. Cilla Black: 'Something Tells Me (Something's Gonna Happen Tonight)' (2006)
Ferrero Rochee .. Taxi: Yes it's True 2003
Fiat Panda New Panda Twin Air .. J*S*T*A*R*S; Loose Nuke Threat 2012 watch
Fiat 500 Jennifer Lopez .. Jennifer Lopez; Papi 2012 watch
Fiat Punto - MyLife ~ Piano .. Giovanni Allevi; Secret Love 2011 watch
Fiat 500: Twin Air .. Amy Macdonald; This Is The Life 2011 listen
Fiat Punto Evo: Prommercial .. Faithless; Feelin Good 2010 watch
Fiat Punto Evo: Drive The Evolution .. Edvin Marton; Paganini 5 2010 watch
Fiat Grande Punto - Connie Francis remixed/Tom Middleton: Quando Quando Quando 2008
Fiat Bravo .. Sweet Vandal: Beautiful 2008
Fiat 500 .. Cut Chemist: A Peak In Time 2008
Fiat Bravia .. Dark Globe; Break My World 2007
Fiat Grande Punto - Italian Job Remixed .. Louis Prima; Oh Marie 2007
Fiat Scudo Van .. Pipettes; ABC 2007
Fiat Grande Punto .. Hardknox: Fire Like This 2006
Fiat Sedici 4x4 .. Richard Strauss: Also Sprach Zarathustra (Main theme from 2001) 2006
Fiat Stilo ..Topol: If I Were A Rich Man (From Fiddler on the Roof) 2006
Fiat Punto .. Marilyn Manson: Sweet Dreams (Are Made Of This) 2006
Fiat .. Human League: Dont You Want Me 2002
Fiat .. Chips: Rubber Biscuit 2000
Fibresure .. Altered Images; I Could Be Happy 2007
Fidelity Investments .. Paul McCartney & Wings: 'Band On The Run' watch
Fidelity Investments .. Billy Preston: 'Nothing From Nothing'
FIFA World Cup 2010 (Coca-Cola) .. K'naan; Wavin' Flag 2010 watch
FIFA World Cup 1990 .. Puccini: Nessun Dorma 1990
Filippo Berio Olive Oil .. Rossini; Largo Al Factotum from The Barber of Seville 2007
Findaproperty.com .. The 88; Coming Home 2010 watch
Findus Novelli Lasagne Ad .. Eric Winston: Saratoga 2008
Finish Quantum - Diamond Standard .. Gotan Project; Epoca 2008 watch
Finish 5 in 1 .. Wagner; Ride of the Valkyries 2008 watch
First Choice - All Inclusive .. Flo Rida; Good Feeling 2011 watch
First Choice - Swimming Pools .. Paul McCartney; We All Stand Together (Frog Chorus) 2008 watch
First Choice .. Rossini; William Tell Overture 2008
First Choice (hugs) .. Chopin; Etude For Piano - Op 10: No 3. In E Major - "Tristesse" 2007
First Choice .. Miriam Makeba: Mbube (Wimoweh) 2006
First Choice .. Reginald Dixon: I Do Like To Be Beside The Seaside 2006
First Direct .. Tommy Dorsey Opus One 2009 watch
First Magazine .. Chi-Lites; Have You Seen Her? 2007
Fisher Price .. Katrina and the Waves: Walking on Sunshine 2003
Fishermans Friend .. Inspiral Carpets: I Want You 2000
Five Alive Fruit Drink Dancing Dodo .. Don Fardon; Im Alive 2010 watch
Flash .. Paul Mottram: Tig A Tag 2006
Flash .. Elgar: Pomp And Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2006
Flash .. BBC: Theme from Captain Pugwash 2006
Flash .. Reginald Dixon: I Do Like To Be Beside The Seaside 2006
Flexon .. Amen Corner: Bend Me, Shape Me 2000
Floors-2-Go .. Touch and Go: Would You...? 2006
Flora .. Mud; Tiger Feet 2009
Flora .. Lilac Time: Trumpets From Montparnasse 2006
Flora Pro-Activ (Lulu's Three Week Challenge) .. Lulu: Put A Little Love In Your Heart 2005
Florette Salad Bags of Goodness .. The Goons; Eeh! Ah! Oh! Ooh! 2012 watch
Flower By Kenzo: Rooftop .. Jil is Lucky; The Wanderer 2010 watch
Football Manager 2012 - Greatest Job On Earth .. Hard-Fi; Bring It On 2011 watch
Ford Fiesta Zetec - Keysless Entry .. Moondog; To A Sea Horse 2011 watch
Ford Fiesta Zetec - Feel The Difference .. Fiction; Big Things 2011 watch
Ford Mondeo True Beauty .. Soap and Skin; Mr. Gaunt PT 1000 2010 watch
Ford Fiesta Zetec .. School Of Language; Rockist Part 1 2010 watch
Ford Fiesta .. Schwab; Mole Man 2010 listen
Ford S Max Detail .. Si Begg; Bottled 2010 watch
Ford Focus .. Cool Hearts; Half Way Home 2010 watch
Ford Fiesta .. Two Lone Swordsmen; Shack 54 2009 watch
Ford Government Scrappage .. Chesney Hawkes; The One And Only 2009
Ford Ka .. specially composed for the ad - Soundtree; Gofindit 2009 watch
Ford Focus .. Alesha Dixon; 4 You I Woll 2008
Ford Focus .. Craig Richey; Ode To The New Ford 2008
Ford (Feel the difference) .. Royal Philharmonic Orchestra/St. Martin in the Fields chorus: Champions League 2007
Ford S-Max .. Whistling Tom: Under Paris Skies 2007
Ford Mondeo Desire .. Michael Andrews: The Artifact And Living 2007
Ford C-Max .. Outkast: When I Look In Your Eyes 2007
Ford Focus Zetec Climate .. Monty Norman: James Bond 2006
Ford Transit .. Soul Coughing: Disseminated 2006
Ford Cars .. The Specials: "Blank Expression" ~ UK
Ford Explorer .. Mark Morrison: 'Return of the Mack'
Ford Fiesta Freedom .. Paul Borg: Thigh Rolled 2006
Ford S-MAX .. Chemical Brothers: Shake Break Bounce 2006
Ford Focus .. I Monster: Daydream In Blue 2006
Ford Focus .. Des'ree; You Gotta Be 2000 watch
Ford .. Barry Gray: Joe 90 2000
Ford .. Brian May: Driven By You 2000
Ford .. Bob Marley and the Wailers: Three Little Birds 2000
Ford .. Slade: Coz I Luv You 2000
Ford Cougar .. Steppenwolf: Born To Be Wild 2000
Ford .. Sniff and the Tears: Drivers Seat 1990
Fosters .. Kool and the Gang; Jungle Boogie 2009
Fosters Super Chilled (Shadows) .. Violent Femmes; Blister In The Sun 2008
Fosters Twist .. Hombres: Let It Out (Let It All Hang Out) 2006
Fosters Super Chilled .. Boozoo Bajou: 'Lava' 2005
Fosters Lager .. The Karminsky Experience Inc: Exploration 2003
Fosters Lager .. Tchaikovsky: Le Lac Des Cygnes from Swan Lake 1995
Foxs .. Platters: 'Heaven On Earth' 2000
Foxy Bingo .. Matt Monro; Born Free 2012 watch
Foxy Bingo .. John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John; You're The One That I Want 2010 watch
Foxy Bingo .. Lipps Inc; Funkytown 2009
Foxy Bingo .. Richard Strauss; Also Sprach Zarathustra (Main theme from 2001) 2009
Fred Olsen Cruise Lines .. Dusty Springfield; I Only Want To Be With You 2008
Freederm - For Spot-Prone Skin .. Blue Mink; Good Morning Freedom 2011 watch
Freeview - Balloons .. The Turtles; Happy Together 2011 watch
Freeview: Corgis .. Derrick May; Strings of Life (Special Version) 2011 watch
Freeview HD - Tiny Streaker .. Men Without Hats; Safety Dance 2010 watch
Freeview Plus .. Laurie Johnson Orchestra; Theme From The Professionals 2009
Friends ReUnited Dating .. Otis Redding; Love Man 2007
Friends ReUnited .. Alan Hawkshaw: Theme from Grange Hill 2006
Friends ReUnited .. Highly Likely: What Ever Happened to You? 2006
Friends Provident .. Simon May: Chi Mai 2000
Frys Turkish Delight .. ??Jeff Wayne or Cliff Adams?? written especially for Frys 1984 watch
Fujifilm .. Radiocontrolledrobot: 'Beautiful' 2006
Furniture Village .. Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel; Make Me Smile (Come up and See Me) 2009
FX TV show Louie .. Ida Maria; Louie 2010
G >>>
Gala Bingo .. Barrett Strong; Money (That's What I Want) 2009
Gala Bingo .. Gloria Gaynor: I Will Survive 2006
Gala Bingo .. Madness: House of Fun 2005
Gala Bingo .. Shalamar: Night To Remember 2000
Galaxy Ripple Chocolate Folds Of Delight.. Thievery Corporation; Heavens Gonna Burn Your Eyes 2010 listen
Galaxy Promises .. Thelonius Monk: Caravan 2005
Galaxy .. Appleton: Don't Worry 2003
Galaxy .. Ella Fitzgerald: Summertime 2002
Galaxy Promises .. Thelonius Monk: Caravan 2005
Galaxy .. Appleton: Don't Worry 2003
Galaxy .. Ella Fitzgerald: Summertime 2002
Gap .. Amen Corner: 'Bend Me, Shape Me' 2002
Gap .. Supertramp: Give A Little Bit 2001
Gap .. Crystal Method: 'Busy Child' 2000
Gap .. James Clarke: 'Blow Up A Go Go' 2000
Garden and Leisure(Buy One Get One) .. Traditional: In An English Country Garden 2006
Garmin .. John Williams; Carol of the Bells 2007
Garmin Nuvi Sat Nav .. Morgan Van Dam: Found 2006
Garnier BB Cream Its a Good Day .. Peggy Lee; Its A Good Day 2012 watch
Garnier Nutrisse - Ultra Color .. Martin Solveig & Dragonette; Hello 2011 watch
Garnier Summerbody Spray Mist .. Cat Power; The Greatest 2007
Garnier 100% Color .. Lynyrd Skynyrd: Sweet Home Alabama 2006
Garnier Fructis Shampoo .. Wax Tailor ft. Charlotte Savary: Our Dance 2005
Garnier .. Saint Etienne: Marios Cafe 2000
Gateway .. Who: 'Who Are You' 2000
Gaviscon .. Irene Cara: 'Flashdance (What A Feeling)' 2004
Geico .. Royksopp: 'Remind Me' 2007
General Accident .. Fortunes: Storm In A Teacup 2000
General Post Office .. Sam Cooke: "Darling You Send Me" ~ UK 2006
George at Asda .. Sly & The Family Stone; Dance To The Music 2012 listen
George at Asda .. Pilot: "Magic" ~ UK
GHD Cinderella at the Midnight Ball .. Le Rev: Lucky You 2010 watch
Gillette Venus: Jennifer Lopez .. Jennifer Lopez; Venus 2011 watch
Gillette Venus .. Bananarama: Venus 2003
Gillette Right Guard .. Bob Marley and the Wailers: Three Little Birds 2000
Gillette Right Guard .. Four Tops: 'Reach Out I'll Be There' 2000
Ginsters .. Jim Noir: 'My Patch' 2006
Giorgio Armani: Acqua Di Gioia Woman and Nature .. Cinematic Orchestra; Arrival of the Birds 2010 watch
Go! Airlines .. Hugo Montenegro: The Fox 1999
Go Compare .. George M Cohan Over There 2010 watch
Golden Wonder .. Kinks: 'You Really Got Me' 2000
Golden Wonder .. Motorhead: Ace Of Spades 2000
Google+ Plus Tom .. Alan Silvestri; Cast Away (End Titles) 2012 watch
Google Chrome: Jamal Edwards .. Wretch 32; Traktor 2011 watch .
Google Chrome: Lady Gaga .. Lady Gaga; Edge of Glory 2011 watch
Google Chrome: Dear Hollie .. Ingrid Michaelson; Sort Of (Instrumental) 2011 watch
Gordon's Gin .. Status Quo: Pictures of Matchstick Men 2004
Gordon's Edge .. Coco Steel & Lovebomb: Yachts 2002 .
Grand Theft Auto IV - The Lost & The Damned .. Motley Crue; Wild Side 2009
Grand Theft Auto Episodes From Liberty City .. Roxette; The Look 2009 watch
Grand Theft Auto San Andreas .. Chakachas; Jungle Fever 2007
Grand Theft Auto Vice City Stories .. Phil Collins Ft. Philip Bailey: Easy Lover 2006
Grand Theft Auto San Andreas .. Guns 'n' Roses: Welcome To The Jungle 2004
Grant's Whisky .. Baby Bird: Atomic Soda 1999
Grattan .. Connie Francis: Stupid Cupid 2000
Grattan .. Ritchie Valens: La Bamba 2000
Grattan .. James Brown: I Got You (I Feel Good) 2000
Greene King IPA Crafted For The Moment .. Jake Bugg; Country Song 2012 watch
Greece Tourist Board .. Mikis Theodorakis: Zorba The Greek 2006
Green Flag .. Fontella Bass: Rescue Me 2000
Green Flag .. Brian Eno: An Ending (Ascent) 2000
Greggs .. Gracie Fields; If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked A Cake 2010 watch
Greggs .. Terry Bush; Maybe Tomorrow 2009
Grolsch Dancing Bottles .. Louis Armstrong; It Dont Mean A Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing) 2010
Grolsch .. Bodyrockers: I Like The Way 2005
Grolsch .. Iggy Pop: I'm Bored 2000
Gü - Give in to Gü .. Jon Brion; Drive In 2011 watch
Gucci Guilty - Intense .. Friendly Fires and Bats For Lashes; Strangelove 2010 watch
Gucci Flora - Meadow .. Donna Summer; I Feel Love 2009
Gucci by Gucci .. Blondie; Heart Of Glass 2008
Gucci Pour Homme II .. Apple Garageband Loop; Modern Rock Guitar 07 2007
Guardian Super Size Me DVD Promotion .. Toothpick: Super Size Me 2006
Guardian Free CD 27/11/2004 .. Paul Weller All Along The Watchtower 2004
Guardian .. Dean Fraser: Dick Tracey 1999
Gucci Guilty - Intense .. Friendly Fires and Bat For Lashes; Strangelove 2011 watch
Guerlain Idyll .. Nora Arnezeder and Feloche; Singin' In The Rain 2009
Guerlain Insolence .. Muse: Hysteria 2006
Guinness - Dark Life .. Beach House; 10 Mile Stereo 2010 watch
Guinness - The Dot .. Electric Light Orchestra (ELO); Mr Blue Sky 2008
Guinness - Domino Tipping .. Enrique Granados; Spanish Dance No 6 2007
Guinness .. Slang; The Shins 2007
Guinness .. Acker Bilk: That's My Home 2006
Guinness Evolution .. Sammy Davis Jr: Rhythm of Life 2005
Guinness .. Prodigy: Spitfire 2005
Guinness .. Unit 4 + 2: Concrete and Clay 2002
Guinness .. Arab Strap: First Big Weekend 2000
Guinness .. Perez Prez Prado: Guaglione 2000
Guinness .. Prince Buster: Burke's Law 1998
Guinness Draught: Chain .. Louis Armstrong; We Have All The Time In The World 1994 watch
Guinness .. DJ Shadow: "Stem/Long Stem" ~ UK ('90's)
Guns 'n' Roses Chinese Democracy Release .. Guns 'n' Roses; Sweet Child O' Mine 2008
Guns 'n' Roses Chinese Democracy Release .. Guns 'n' Roses; Chinese Democracy 2008
Gwen Stefani "L" a L.A.M.B. fragrance .. Gwen Stefani; Wonderful Life 2007
H >>>
H&M Marni at H&M .. Roxy Music; Avalon 2012 watch
H & M David Beckham Body Wear .. The Animals; Dont Let Me Be Misunderstood 2012 watch
H & M - Winter Fashion 2011 .. Klas Åhlund; Girls On Film 2011 watch
H & M - Girls On Film .. Mona Donnerman; Girls on Film 2011 watch .
H & M - Matthew Williamson Collection .. Stereolies; We Need A Change 2009 watch
H & M .. Greenhornes; There Is An End 2007
H. Samuel Jewellers .. Captain and Tennille: Love Will Keep Us Together 2006
H. Samuel Christmas Shopping .. Ella Fitzgerald: 'S Wonderful 2005
Haagen-Dazs .. Richard Hawley; Open Up Your Door 2009
Haagen-Dazs .. Sarah Vaughan; 'Make Yourself Comfortable' 2002
Halfords - Christmas Bikes .. The Hoosiers; Goodbye Mr A 2011 watch .
Halfords Summer Sale .. Hoosiers; Goodby Mr A 2011 watch
Halfords .. Republica; 'Ready To Go' 2006
Halifax Home Insurance Garden Fun .. Halifax Community Choir; I Believe I Can Fly 2012 watch
Halifax Saving Accounts - Prize Draw .. Halifax Community Choir; Walking On Sunshine 2011 watch
Halifax - Open Saturdays .. Halifax Community Choir; Hard Days Night 2011 watch
Halifax Rewards - Ill Be There .. Halifax Community Choir; Ill Be There 2011 watch
Halifax - Yeah Yeah Yeah .. Stereo MCs; Connected 2011 watch
Halifax Building Society Rewards .. Lightning Seeds; Lucky You 2010 watch
Halifax Building Society ISA .. Vanilla Ice; Ice Ice Baby 2010 watch
Halifax Building Society Reward Horn .. Pretenders; Brass In Pocket 2010 watch
Halifax Building Society Reward Account .. Lily Allen; LDN 2010
Halifax Building Society Reward Account .. Spandau Ballet; Gold 2010
Halifax Building Society Five Pound Reward .. Born Ruffians; Little Garcon 2009
Halifax Building Society Mortgages .. Bright Eyes; First Day Of My Life 2009
Halifax Building Society .. Jackie Wilson; (Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher 2009 watch
Halifax Building Society .. Herman's Hermits; I'm Into Something Good 2008
Halifax Building Society .. Herbie Hancock; Rockit 2007 (Ireland)
Halifax Building Society .. Bubba Sparxxx; Ms New Booty 2007 (Ireland)
Halifax Building Society Credit Card .. Sweet; Ballroom Blitz 2007 (Ireland)
Halifax Building Society .. Aretha Franklin; Think 2007
Halifax Building Society 50 Times Extra .. Big Brovaz; Nu Flow 2006
Halifax Building Society High Rate Saver .. Glen Campbell; Rhinestone Cowboy 2006
Halifax Building Society Mortgage .. Cab Calloway; Minnie The Moocher 2006
Halls Soothers .. Robert Palmer; Addicted To Love 2010 listen
Halls Soothers .. Aretha Franklin; Baby I Love You 2003
Halls .. Hollies; The Air That I Breathe 2000
Halls .. Robert Palmer; Addicted to Love 2000
Hamlet .. Bach; Air on a G String 2000
Hammerite .. Chas & Dave; Any Old Iron 1992
Happy Egg Co. Happy Hens Racing .. Chariots of Fire: Vangelis 2010 watch
Haribo Tangfastic .. Mozart; Queen of the Night (Aria from The Magic Flute) 2010 watch
Harrods .. Handel; Lascia Ch'io Pianga 2002
Harvest Cheweee Bar .. Ohio Express; Chewy Chewy 2002
Harvester Salad & Grill .. Plain White T's; 1234 2010 watch
Harvester .. Chic; Good Times 2000 listen
Harveys Furniture .. Dukas; Sorcerers Apprentice 2010 listen
Harveys Furniture Sale .. Blondie; Picture This 2009
Harveys Furniture 10% Off Everything Sale .. Matt Monro; This Is The Life 2007
Haven Holidays Half Price Holidays .. Obi; Somewhere Nicer 2009
Haven Holidays .. Manu Chao; La Primavera 2007
Head & Shoulders: Smooth & Silky Shampoo.. Christian Marsac; LAmour Conjugué 2010 watch
Head & Shoulders: Colour Care, We Love Red .. Heidi Lingren; I Need Music 2008
Head & Shoulder 'Mickey' ad .. DOES ANYONE KNOW THIS SKA/REGGAE SONG 2007 watch
Head and Shoulders: Irresistible Hair .. Evelyn Knight; A Little Bird Told Me 2007
Head and Shoulders .. Skott Francis; Sugar Sugar 2005
Health Lottery £200,000 Jackpot .. Ennio Morricone; Ecstasy of Gold 2011 watch
Heart FM .. Sharleen Spiteri; Xanadu 2010 watch
Heart FM .. Louis Prima; Sing, Sing, Sing 2006
Heart FM .. Donavon Frankenreiter; Turn On Your Heart 2006
Heart FM .. Harold Melvin and The Blue Notes; The Love I Lost 2006
Heineken The Date .. Mohammed Rafi; Jaan Pehechan Ho 2012 watch
Heineken - The Entrance .. The Asteroids Galaxy Tour; Golden Age 2011 watch
Heineken .. Chopin; Prelude No.7 In A Major 2007
Heineken .. Teddybears ft. Mad Cobra; Cobrastyle 2006
Heineken Export Lager .. Al Green; Let's Stay Together 2006
Heineken Back in time .. George Baker Selection; Little Green Bag 2006
Heineken .. J. Geils Band; Give It To Me 2002
Heineken .. Chris Isaak: "Wicked Game" US
Heinz - Squeeze and Stir Soups .. Bobby Day; Little Bitty Pretty One 2011 watch
Heinz Weight Watchers - Exercise Bike .. Groovalistics; Dont Leave Me This Way 2011 watch
Heinz Beanz Fridge Pack Containers .. Delaney, Bonnie & Friends; Never Ending Song of Love 2010 watch
Heinz .. Harry J All Stars; Liquidator 2009
Heinz Snap Pots Eazy Beanzy .. Ann Lee; Ring My Bell 2008
Heinz Farmers' Market Soups .. Arthur Wood; Barwick Green (Theme from the Archers) 2007
Heinz Salad Cream .. Sesame Street; Ladybugs Picnic 2007
Heinz .. Goons: Ying Tong Song 2000
Heinz Baked Beans .. Chas & Dave; Diddle Um Song (Diddle Umma Day) 1999
Heinz tomato ketchup .. Carly Simon: 'Anticipation' ~ late 70's US
Hellmanns Mayonnaise Boxing Day .. Tim Myers; Simply Wonderful 2011 watch
Hellmann's Mayonaise - Loved Up Mash .. Tim Myers; Simply Wonderful 2011 watch
Hellmann's Mayonaise .. Isley Brothers; Summer Breeze 2009 watch
Hellmann's Mayonnaise .. Marvin Gaye; Let's Get It On 2005
Herbal Essences .. Paul Leonard-Morgan; Blue State 2009
Hiscox .. Rebelski; The Swarm 2007
History Channel UFO Files .. Saint-Saens; Aquarium from Carnival of the Animals 2006
HMV - Revolutionary Technology .. Justice; Civilisation 2011 watch
HMV Sale .. Elbow; One Day Like This 2009
HMV .. Sarah McLachlan; Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas 2007
HMV Sale .. Fratellis: Flathead 2007
HMV .. Monty Python DVD Promotion .. Monty Python's Flying Circus; Bright Side of Life 2006
HMV Summer Sale .. The La's; There She Goes 2006
Holiday Inn Express .. Kyle Andrews; Always Make Me Smile 2010 watch
Holland & Barrett Half Price Event .. Hollies; I'm Alive 2007
Homebase Containers .. Peter Bjorn & John; Young Folks 2012 watch
Homebase .. Peter, Bjorn and John Young; Folks 2009
Homebase (whistling ad) .. Peter, Bjorn and John; Young Folks 2009
Homebase .. Pasadena Roof Orchestra; "Double Check Stomp" 2008 watch
Homebase Autumn Collection .. Lerner & Loewe; Wouldn't It Be Lovely (from My Fair Lady) 2007
Homebase .. James Baskett; Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah (from Song of the South) 2007
Homebase .. Judy Garland; Get Happy 2006
Homebase .. Verna Felton; Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo from Disney's Cinderella 2006
Homebase .. Beloved: Sweet Harmony 2006
Honda Accord Cross Tour .. Miriam Makeba; Pata Pata 2010 watch
Honda Everything .. Battles; Atlas 2009
Honda Let It Shine .. Berend Dubbe and Gwen Thomas; This Little Light Of Mine 2009
Honda Accord .. Esquivel The Breeze and I (Andalucia) 2008 watch
Honda FCX Clarity .. Mark Mothersbaugh; Ping Island 2008 watch
Honda Accord Sedan.. Electric Light Orchestra / E.L.O. Hold On Tight 2007 and 2008 watch
Honda Power of Dreams .. Andy Williams; The Impossible Dream 2005 watch
Honda Civic .. Primal Scream; Loaded 2003
Honda .. Sugarhill Gang; Rapper's Delight 2003
Honda Cleo .. Jeff Beck; Stand on it 1989/90 watch
Horlicks .. Francoise Hardy; Voila 2005
Hoseasons Holidays .. Status Quo; Whatever You Want 2000
Hotpoint Aqua .. Vangelis; Ask The Mountains 2007
Hotpoint Recommends Ariel .. Lionel Richie; Easy 2005
House of Fraser .. Tunng; Out Of The Window With The Window 2006
Hovis Soft White .. Rossini; William Tell Overture 2011 listen
Hovis Hearty Oats .. Plastic Bertrand; Ca Plane Pour Moi 2010 watch
Hovis Wholemeal Cheese and Tomato Sandwich .. Calvin Harris; Ready For The Weekend 2010 watch
Hovis Best of Both Bread Jam Sandwich .. Adam Ant; Goody Two Shoes 2010 watch
Hovis Soft White Bread Bacon Sandwich .. The Stranglers; No More Heroes 2010 watch
HP Hewlett Packard dv6t .. Jimi Hendrix; Foxey Lady 2011 watch
HP Envy (Hewlett Packard) - Beats by Dr Dre .. Dr Dre featuring Jay-Z; Under Pressure 2011 watch
HP: Hewlett Packard Web Enabled Printers .. Melanie: Brand New Key 2010 watch
HP: Hewlett Packard Photosmart 475 .. Robins; Out Of The Picture 2005
HP: Hewlett Packard .. The Kinks: 'Picture Book' 2004
HP: Hewlett Packard .. The Cure: 'Pictures of You' 2003
HP: Hewlett Packard .. Deep Purple: 'Smoke on the Water' 2004
HP Sauce Tomato Ketchup .. Squirrel Nut Zippers; Suits Are Picking Up The Bill 2006
HP Sauce .. Elgar; Pomp & Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2006
HSA Health Insurance .. Ella Fitzgerald; Sunny 2005
HSBC Little Investor .. Peter Raeburn and Nick Foster; Map Maker 2012 watch
HSBC Lemonade .. Soundtree; Thank Heaven For Little Girls 2012 listen (M. Chevalier)
HSBC Chinese New Year .. Chang Loo; Dang Bu Liao 2012 watch
HSBC - What Do Trees Mean To You? Orff; Gassenhauer from Musica Poetica:Schulwerk 2007
HSBC .. Barry Gray; Aqua Marina 2006
HSBC .. Hope of the States; Black Amnesias 2006
HSBC .. Michel Legrand; Di Gue Ding Ding 2006
HSBC .. Ink Spots; Bless You (For Being An Angel) 2005
HTC One Freefall Fashion Shoot .. Chromatics; Tick of the Clock 2012 watch
HTC - Sensation XL .. SebastiAn; Holloback / X Hollow 2011 watch
HTC VTS 980 .. Nina Simone; Sinner Man 2009 watch
Huggies Nappies .. Madness: 'It must be love' ~ New Zealand
Hugo Boss Orange .. Hives; Hate To Say I Told You So 2011 watch
Hugo Boss Bottled - Night .. Massive Attack; Angel 2010 watch
Hugo Boss .. Rob Dougan; Clubbed To Death 2009 watch
Hugo Boss for women .. Beatles; Drive My Car 2009 watch
Hogo Boss Pure .. made especially for the ad by Schmooze Production 2008
Hugo Boss Femme .. Klima; City 2007
Hugo Boss XX & XY .. Johnny Kidd and The Pirates; Shakin' All Over 2007
Hugo Boss Pure Purple .. Mint Royale; Wait For You 2006
Hummer .. Filter; Only Way (Is the Wrong Way) 2003
Hummer .. The Who: 'Happy Jack'
Hummer .. Tom Jones: "Help Yourself"
Hush Puppies .. Rufus Thomas; Walking The Dog 2000
Hyundai Veloster .. Crystal Method; Dirty Thirty 2011 watch
Hyundai - New Thinking .. Vanessa James; Commissioned Track 2011
Hyundai ix20 Life In Boxes .. Alex Winston; Choice Notes 2010 watch
Hyundai i30 .. Shelagh Mcdonald; Rainy Night Blues 2008
Hyundai .. Colder; Silicone Sexy 2007
Hyundai Tucson .. Max Richter; Vladimir's Blues 2006
Hyundai Cars .. Johann Strauss: 'Wine, Women and Song' ~ New Zealand
I >>>
I.B.M .. Kinks: I'm Not Like Everybody Else uk 2006
I Cant Believe Its Not Butter .. Monkees: I'm A Believer uk 2000
Ibuleve .. Robson & Jerome: I Believe 2007
Ice Age .. Rusted Root: Send Me On My Way uk 2003
Iceland - Christmas Showcase .. Stacey Solomon; Driving Home For Christmas 2011 watch
Iceland - Christmas Cabaret .. Iceland Mums; Christmas Can-Can 2010 watch
Iceland - Weight Watchers Promotion .. Rossini: William Tell Overture 2005
Icelolly.com - Compare Packages .. Hot Chocolate; You Sexy Thing 2011 watch
IKEA - Bedrooms .. Fanfare Ciocarlia; Asfalt Tango Also sampled on: Serk (ft Schampus) - Bangersexy 2011 watch .
IKEA Kitchen Party .. Jona Lewie presents Man Like Me; Youll Always Find Me In The Kitchen At Parties 2010 watch
IKEA - Happy Inside .. Mara Carlyle; Pianni 2010 watch
IKEA .. Tom Jones: Green, Green Grass Of Home 2007
IKEA - the sale is on .. Peter, Bjorn & John: Young Folks 2007
IKEA - Sale .. Jean Jacques Perrey; Colonie Celeste 2006
IKEA .. Ervin Webb & The Prisoners; I'm Goin' Home 2005
Ilva Furniture .. Paolo Conte; Via Con Me 2006
Imperial Leather SkinKind Flower Shower .. Alex Banks; Snow 2010 watch
Imperial Leather Toiletries - Hugs Range .. Ben Sands; Hugs 2007/2008
Impulse Body Spray .. Saturdays; Forever is Over 2009 watch
Impulse .. Max Avery Lichtenstein: Tarnation 2007
Impulse Tease .. Salt n Pepa; Push It 2006
Impulse Thrill .. Casanovas; Shake It 2005
Indago Satellite Navigation System .. Ian McLagan; I Will Follow 2006
Indesit - Moon .. New Order; Hey Now What You Doing 2007/8
Independent .. Dr Dre; Still D.R.E. 2004
India .. Karl Jenkins; Zarabanda (Sarabande) 2006
ING Direct Snowball Games .. Boy Least Likely To Be Gentle With Me 2008
ING: Fernando Alonso .. Chris Coco; Dreaming of Shibuya In The Rain Again 2008
Innocent Fruit Loves This Water .. Billy Ocean; Suddenly 2010 watch
Inland Revenue Tax Credits .. Upsetters; Return of Django 2004 watch
Intel .. New Young Pony Club: "Ice Cream" (2006)
Intel Core Duo Processor .. Teddybears; Different Sound 2006
Intel Core Duo Processor .. Carlos Jean; Mr Dabada 2006
Intel Core Duo Processor .. New Young Pony Club; Ice Cream 2006
Intel In Macs .. Moby; God Moving Over The Face Of The Waters 2006
Intel Centrino .. Seal; Crazy 2005
Interflora Mothers Day .. Daniel Holter & Kyle White; Whistler Float 2011 watch
Investec What We Do .. Angry Vs. The Bear; Show Emotion 2012 watch
Ireland Discover Ireland .. Shaun Davey; The Welcome Visitor 2007
Ireland .. Chicane & Maire Brennan; Saltwater 2003
Irn-Bru - Cut Out Summer .. Paolo Nutini; Pencil Full of Lead 2011 watch
Irn-bru Thats Phenomenal .. Candle Music Commissioned Track 2010 watch
Irn-Bru .. Undertones; Here Comes The Summer 2007
Irn Bru .. Aled Jones; Walking In The Air 2006
Isklar Pure Glacier .. Plaid; Zamami 2008
iPod Touch: Grid .. Brendan Benson; What I'm Looking For 2008
ITV Bingo.com .. Dave Carey - Bingo! 2011 watch or read about
some ITV UEFA ad's are under U
ITV Fifa World Cup Credits .. Vusi Mahlasela; When You Come Back 2010 watch
ITV World Cup .. Jimi Hendrix; Fire 2010 listen
ITV 2010 World Cup Qualifier Highlights Intro .. Verve; Bitter Sweet Symphony 2009 watch
ITV Bright Side .. Nadia Fay; Honeycomb 2009
ITV Euro 2008 Titles .. Natasha Marsh; Queen of The Night from The Magic Flute (Mozart) 2008
ITV The Baron .. Whitey; Sweet Words For The Sour 2008
ITV 'Supernatural' Trailer .. AC/DC; Back In Black 2008
ITV 'Supernatural' Trailer .. George Michael; The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face 2007
ITV4 .. The Contender Challenge US v UK .. Sex Pistols; God Save The Queen 2007
ITV4 .. The Contender Challenge US v UK .. Jimi Hendrix; Star Spangled Banner 2007
ITV Primeval New Series .. Muse; Map of the Problematique 2007
ITV Hell's Kitchen USA .. Frankie Goes To Hollywood; Two Tribes 2006
ITV World Cuppa .. Sergio Mendes; Mas Que Nada 2006
ITV World Cup 2006 .. Kasabian; Heroes 2006
ITV Wrestlemania .. Peter Gabriel; Big Time 2006
ITV Movies .. Feeder; Feeling A Moment 2006
ITV2 - Winter .. Aqualung; Brighter Than Sunshine 2006
ITV 'Supernatural' Trailer .. Speedometer; All I Ever Need 2006
ITV 'Supernatural' Trailer .. Echo & The Bunnymen; Killing Moon 2006
ITV Winter Line Up .. Willis; Take You High 2006
ITV1 - Western Season .. Stranglers; No More Heroes 2005
ITV I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here .. Guns 'n' Roses; Welcome To The Jungle 2003
ITV I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here .. Kool and the Gang; Jungle Boogie 2003
ITV Midsomer Murders Theme .. Jim Parker; Midsomer Murders
J >>>
J. C. Penney: American Living .. Robert Plant/Alison Krauss: Killing The Blues 2008
J. C. Penney: American Living .. Chris Montez: Lets Dance 2008
J2O Glitterberry .. Weather Girls; It's Raining Men 2011 watch
J2O .. Hint: Quite Spectacular 2007
J.J.B Sports - Ready? .. Sonny J; Cant Stop Moving 2011 watch
Jack Daniels Happy Holidays Barrel Tree .. Brighton, MA Good Kind of Crazy 2011 watch
Jacobs Cream Crackers .. Ethiopians: Train To Skaville 2000
Jaguar XF - Winner For Four Years .. The Heavy; How You Like Me Now 2011 watch
Jaguar XF .. Deep Purple; Hush 2008
Jaguar .. Fujiya & Miyagi: Collarbone 2007
Jaguar .. Spoon: I Turn My Camera On 2006
Jaguar .. Massive Attack: Two Rocks and a Cup of Water 2006
Jaguar .. Chris Isaak: "Wicked Game" ~ US & UK 2001
Jamaica .. Bob Marley and the Wailers One Love; People Get Ready 2006
James Bond : Die Another Day .. Madonna; Die Another Day 2003
James Bond : Diamonds are Forever .. Shirley Bassey; Diamonds are Forever 2003
James Bond : The World Is Not Enough .. Garbage; The World is not Enough 1999
James Bond : Tomorrow Never Dies .. Sheryl Crow; Tomorrow Never Dies 1997
James Bond : Tomorrow Never Dies .. Moby; James Bond 1997
James Bond : Goldeneye .. Tina Turner; Goldeneye 1995
James Bond : Living Daylights .. A-Ha; Living Daylights 1987
James Bond : View To A Kill .. Duran Duran; View To A Kill 1985
James Bond : Octopussy .. Rita Coolidge; All Time High 1983
James Bond : Moonraker .. Shirley Bassey; Moonraker 1979
James Bond : The Spy Who Loved Me .. Carly Simon; Nobody Does It Better 1977
James Bond : Majesty's Secret Service .. Louis Armstrong; All The Time In The World 1969
James Bond : You Only Live Twice .. Nancy Sinatra; You Only Live Twice 1967
James Bond : Thunderball .. Tom Jones; Thunderball 1965
James Bond : Goldfinger .. Shirley Bassey; Goldfinger 1964
James Bond : Dr No .. Monty Norman; James Bond 1962
James Villa Holidays Happy Feet .. Kermit The Frog and The Frog Chorus; Happy Feet 2011 watch
Jameson Whisky .. T Rex; 20th Century Boy 2005
Jameson Whisky .. Cozy Powell; Dance With The Devil 2005
Jean Paul Gautier Classics .. Niccolò Paganini's "Nessun Dorma" 2007
Jean Paul Gautier Les Parfums .. Maria Callas; Bellinis "Casta Diva" 2003
Jeep .. Hal David & John Cacavas Winter Warm 2010
Jeep: Liberty .. Andy Kim; Rock Me Gently 2007 watch
Jergens Naturals .. Jess Penner; Here Comes The Sunshine 2009
Jeyes Bloo Fusion .. Tchaikovsky; Waltz (No 2 Valse) - Entrance of The Guests from Act 1, Swan Lake 2007
Jimmy Choo - Parfum .. Zoozoo; Velvet Underground 2011 watch
John Lewis - Gifts .. Slow Moving Millie; Please, Please, Please Let Me Get What I Want 2011 watch
John Lewis - Never Knowingly Undersold .. The Smiths - This Charming Man; The Selecter - On My Radio; Dusty Springfield - I Only Want To Be With You; London String Chorale - Galloping Home (theme from the Adventures of Black Beauty; Elton John - Rocket Man; Sade - Smooth Operator; The Kooks - Shine On 2011 watch
John Lewis - Christmas 2010 .. Ellie Goulding; Your Song 2010 watch
John Lewis Womans Life .. Fyfe Dangerfield: Shes Always a Woman To Me 2010 watch
John Lewis .. Taken By Trees; Sweet Child O' Mine 2009 DL
John Lewis - Christmas 2008 .. Beatles cover "From Me to You" especially produced for the ad 2008 watch
John Lewis - Christmas 2007 .. Prokofiev; Morning Serenade from Romeo and Juliet 2007
John Smiths .. Kid Creole and the Coconuts; Annie, I'm Not Your Daddy 2004
John Smiths .. Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg; Je T'Aime ... Moi Non Plus 2000
John West Weightwatchers Tuna Fillings .. Vernon Dalhart; The Runaway Train 2007
Juicy Couture: Viva La Juicy .. Elegant Too ft. Ambrosia Parsley; My World 2011 watch
K >>>
Kärcher Spring Clean .. Fats Waller; Spring Cleaning (Getting Ready For Love) 2010 watch
Karcher 25th Anniversary .. Mick Tucker; Greig's Piano Concerto in A Minor 2009 listen
Karcher VC 6300 .. Marjolein: Sweetest Eyes 2006
Kelkoo .. Corona: Rhythm of the Night 2000
Kelloggs Special K Dare To Wear Red .. David Guetta ft Kelly Rowland; When Love Takes Over 2012 watch
Kelloggs Special K More Delicious Everyday .. Paloma Faith; Upside Down 2011 listen
Kelloggs Crunchy Nut Clusters .. Berlin; Take My Breath Away 2011 watch
Kelloggs Special K: myspecialk.co.uk .. Duffy; Mercy 2011 watch
Kelloggs Special K Love Your Shape .. Sugababes: Red Dress (Mutya Mix) 2010 watch
Kelloggs Corn Flakes Sunshine Street Breakfast .. Primal Scream; Movin On Up 2010 watch
Kelloggs Special K Fruit and Nut Clusters .. Jill Pickering; Shine 2010 watch
Kelloggs Nutrigrain Bars .. The Feeling; Fill My Little World 2010 listen
Kelloggs Special "K" .. Joy Williams; Sunny Day 2010 watch
Kelloggs Coco Pops .. Alice Cooper; School's Out 2010 listen
Kelloggs Special "K" - Jeans Challenge .. Scouting For Girls; She's So Lovely 2010 listen
Kelloggs Nutrigrain Bars .. Andrea True Connection; More, More, More 2009 listen
Kelloggs Coco Rocks - Wholegrain .. EMF; Unbelievable 2009
Kelloggs Coco Pops .. Snap; The Power 2009
Kelloggs Special "K" .. Laura Izibor; Shine 2009
Kelloggs Special "K" - 10 Varieties .. Pelle Carlberg; Riverbank 2009
Kelloggs Special "K" .. Aretha Franklin; Save Me 2009 watch
Kelloggs Cherrios .. Ben Taylor; I Try 2008 listen
Kelloggs Cornflakes: Hint of Honey .. ?music interlude/Ella Fitzgerald? You're Gonna Lose Your Gal 2008 listen
Kelloggs Coco Pops: Moons and Stars .. Lipps Inc; Funky Town 2008
Kelloggs Coco Pops Coco Rocks: Caveman .. Owen Paul; My Favourite Waste Of Time 2008
Kelloggs Special "K" .. Ken Parker; I Can't Hide 2008
Kelloggs Special "K" .. Turin Brakes; Fishing For A Dream 2008
Kelloggs Zookeeper Competition .. Laurie Johnson Orchestra: Animal Magic Theme (Las Vegas) 2008
Kelloggs Special K Slimmer For Summer Winter Clothes .. Real Tuesday Weld; The Show Must Go On 2008
Kelloggs Special K .. Connie Francis; Fallin' 2008
Kelloggs Special K .. Dave Dee,Dozy,Beaky,Mick & Tich; Bend It 2008
Kelloggs Conflakes .. Francis Lai; Love Story 2008
Kelloggs Special K Bars .. Jem: Wish I 2007
Kelloggs Special K Mini Breaks .. Cheap Trick; I Want You To Want Me 2007 & 2008
Kelloggs - Wheats .. Jackie Wilson: Reet Petite 2007
Kelloggs Crunchy Nut Cornflakes .. Damita Jo: Keep Your Hands Off Him 2007
Kelloggs Crunchy Nut Cornflakes .. Elgar: Pomp And Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2007
Kelloggs Fruit'n'Fibre .. Boots Randolph: Yakety Sax 2007
Kelloggs Sp K .. Koop: Summer Sun 2007
Kelloggs Sp K .. Johnny Nash: I Can See Clearly Now 2007
Kelloggs Sp K .. Chris Montez The More I See You 2007
Kelloggs Sp K .. Dusty Springfield: I Just Don't Know What To Do With Myself 2006
Kelloggs Sp K .. Astrid Gilberto: 'Girl from Impanema'
Kelloggs Sp K .. Tom Jones: 'What's New Pussycat'
Kelloggs Sp K .. Blondie: "One Way Or Another"
Kelloggs Sp K .. De Phazz: Mambo Craze 2006
Kelloggs Sp K red berries .. Liverpool Express: "It's A Beautiful Day" ~ 2005
Kelloggs Nutri-Grain Bars .. Pilot: Magic 2005
Kelloggs Cornflakes .. Jeff Beck; Hi Ho Silver Lining 2004
Kelloggs Fruit'n'Fibre .. Carmen Miranda; I Yi Yi Yi Yi (I Like You Very Much) 1996
Kenco Tassimo Coffee Machine .. Us3; Cantaloop (Flip Fantasia) 2005
Kenco Caffe Crema .. Etta James; At Last 2005
Kenco .. Bizet; March of the Toreadors from "Carmen" 2004
Kenco .. Ennio Morricone; Musical Pocket Watch 2003
Kentucky Fried Chicken .. Lynard Skynard: 'Sweet Home Alabama'
Kenwood Frothie Hot'n'Cold Drinks Maker .. Don Ho; Tiny Bubbles 2005
Kenzo Flower Tag .. Tricky; Cross to Bear 2011 watch
Kenzo Flower .. Martina Topley-Bird; Lullaby 2006
KFC BBQ Rancher .. June Noa; Shes a Lady 2012 watch
KFC - So Good .. Temple Cloud; One Big Family 2011 watch
KFC .. Andy Williams; Can't Take My Eyes Off You 2010 listen
KFC - Favourites Bucket .. Ramones; Baby I Love You 2006
KFC - Popcorn .. Sam Cooke; Somebody's Gonna Miss Me 2004
KFC - Mini Fillets .. Chi-Lites; What Do I Wish For 2004
KGB .. Black Keys; Howlin' For You 2011 listen
Kia: New Range .. Chul Shin; Commissioned Track 2011 watch
Kia Sportage: Sing Along .. Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five; The Message 2011 watch
Kia Carens .. Yunioshi; Mymo 2007
Kilkenny .. Fleetwood Mac; Need Your Love So Bad 2000
Kinder Surprise - Giraffe .. Eliza Doolittle; Pack Up 2011 watch
King of Shaves Azor .. Mat Le Star; Lust and Charm 2009 watch
King of Shaves .. Death In Vegas; Dirge 2006
Kiss FM .. Gary Jules; Mad World 2003
Kingsmill Wake Up To Wholegrain .. Madness; House Of Fun 2009
Kingsmill .. Lucky Jim: 'Your Lovely To Me' UK 2007
Kingsmill Head Start with Omega3 .. Louis Armstrong ft. Bing Crosby: 'Gone Fishin' 2006
Kingsmill .. Vivaldi: Spring (allegro) from 'The Four Seasons' 2002
Kingsmill .. Nat King Cole: 'Smile' 2000
Kingsmill .. Shirley Bassey: Big Spender 2000
Kingsmill .. Supernaturals: 'Smile' 2000
Kit Kat Pop Choc .. Frankie Laine; Rawhide 2011 watch
Kit Kat - Crane drivers .. The Fratellis; Chelsea Dagger 2011 watch
Kit Kat .. The Enemy; We'll Live and Die In These Towns 2010 watch
Kit Kat .. Diana Ross and the Supremes; You Can't Hurry Love 2010 watch
Kit Kat - Kit Kash Promotion .. Bill Conti; Theme From Dynasty 2005
Kleenex Balsam - Always There .. Katie Herzig; Were All In This Together 2011 watch
Kleenex Mansize - New Smaller Box .. Jacques Dutronc; Mini, Mini, Mini 2011 watch
Kleenex .. Starrfadu; Let It Out 2007
Kmart .. B52s: 'Rock Lobster'
K-Mart .. Kim Wilde: 'Kids in America'
Knorr: Thai Curry Sauce .. Fern Kinney; Together We Are Beautiful 2006 listen
Knorr: Ragu .. Carmen Miranda; I Yi Yi Yi Yi (I Like You Very Much) 2006 listen
Knorr: Herb Cubes .. Penguin Cafe Orchestra Perpetuum Mobile 2000 Listen
Kodak Inkjet Printer - Beautifully Cheap .. The Undertones; Here Comes The Summer 2011 watch
Kohl's .. Temptations: 'Get Ready'
Kohl's .. Lovin' Spoonful: 'Do You Believe In Magic'
KP Hula Hoops: Sport Relief Hoopathon.. The Hit Crew; Jump In The Line (Shake, Senora) 2010 watch
KP Hula Hoops .. Village People; YMCA 2009
KP .. David Rose; The Stripper 2000
KP .. Carter USM; Shoppers Paradise 2000
Kraft Dairylea .. Supergrass; Alright 2010 listen
Kraft Dairylea Cheese .. Jilted Jon; Jilted John (Gordon Is A Moron) 2008
Kraft Dairylea Dunkers .. Ron Goodwin; 633 Squadron 2006
Kraft Mayo .. Grand Funk: 'Some Kind of Wonderful'
Kronenbourg 1664 - bar musicians .. Madness - Baggy Trousers (slow version) 2011 watch
Kronenbourg 1664 Motörhead .. Motörhead: Ace of Spades (Slow Version) 2010 watch
Kronenbourg 1664 .. Britney Spears; Beat Goes On 2008
Kronenbourg 1664 .. Patsy Cline; Walkin' After Midnight 2006
Kronenbourg 1664 .. Henry Purcell; Suite From Abdelazar: Overture 2006
K-Swiss .. Creepy Morons; Superhits 2006
K-Swiss .. Crime; Gangster Funk 2006
K-Swiss .. Tha 4orce; Biting on the Hook (With the Bat) 2006
L >>>
L.L. Beans: Holiday 2008 .. Fountains Of Wayne; Valley Winter Song 2008 watch
LOreal Paris Preference .. Death In Vegas; Your Loft My Acid (Fearless Transhouse Mix) 2012 watch
LOreal: Spike Fanatic Sculpting Gel .. Goldfrapp; Ooh La La 2011 watch
L'Oreal: Age Re-Perfect - Jane Fonda .. Craig Armstrong; Finding Beauty 2008 watch
L'Oreal: Men Expert .. Sebastien Tellier; La Ritournelle 2007/8 watch
L' Oreal with Andie Macdowell .. Craig Armstrong (remix): Finding Beauty 2007
La Redoute - Paris Rendevous .. Lovisa Stenmark; On and On 2011 watch
Lacoste - Eau De Lacoste .. Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five; The Message 2011 watch
Lacoste Joy of Pink - Streamers .. If The Kids; Life? Is Now 2010 watch
Lacoste Elegance for Men .. Nat King Cole: Destination Moon 2007
Lacoste Inspiration .. Tom Jones; She's A Lady 2006
Lacoste Touch of Pink .. Natasha Thomas; Show You (The Way) 2006
Lacoste Touch of Pink .. Natasha Thomas; Skin Deep 2005
Lacoste Essential .. Feist; Mushaboom 2005
Lacoste Touch of Pink .. Natasha Thomas; It's Over Now 2004
Ladbrokes World Cup 2010 .. Quincy Jones; It's Caper Time (Self Preservation Society) 2010 watch
Ladbrokes Bingo .. Beach Boys; Fun Fun Fun 2009 listen
Lambrini .. Al Wilson; The Snake 2007
Land Of Leather One Day Sale .. Simply Red; Fairground 2008
Land Of Leather .. Dexy's Midnight Runners Come On Eileen 2008
Land of Leather .. Survivor; Eye of the Tiger 2007
Land of Leather .. Arrow; Hot Hot Hot 2007
Land of Leather Boxing Day Sale .. Chesney Hawkes; The One and Only 2007
Land of Leather Sale .. Europe; The Final Countdown 2007
Land of Leather £50 million Clearance Sale .. Lulu; Shout 2006
Land Rover Discovery 3 .. Mills Brothers; Tiger Rag 2009
Land Rover Freelander 2 .. Jon Allen; Going Home 2008
Land Rover Freelander .. Elgar; Nimrod from Enigma Variations 2005
Lastminute.com: Stories Start Here .. Louis Prima; Enjoy Yourself 2011 watch
Lastminute.com: Do More Good Stuff .. Mumford & Sons; The Cave 2010 watch
Lastminute.com .. Sonny J; Can't Stop Moving 2009
LateRooms.Com For Your Every Need .. Asobi Seksu; Thursday 2012 watch
LateRooms.Com .. Super Preachers ft. Sista Moon; I Feel Happy 2011 watch
LateRooms.Com: Holiday Bubbles .. Lucky Elephant; Lucky Elephant 2010 watch
Lego; Rock Band .. Queen; We Will Rock You 2009
Lego: Indiana Jones Movie Collection .. John Williams; Raiders March 2008
Lenor Pink .. Liz Mcclarnon; I Get The Sweetest Feeling 2006
Lenor Goodbye Cardboard Jeans .. Koop; I See A Different You 2007
Levis .. RJD2; The Horror 2006
Levis 559 Voodoo Jeans .. Stevie Wonder; Superstition 2005
Levi Jeans .. Willie Nelson: "Always On My Mind" ~ 2004
Levi Sta-prest Trousers .. Mr. Oizo; Flat Beat 1999 watch
Levi 501 Jeans .. Spaceman; Babylon Zoo 1996 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Taxi .. Freak Power; Turn On, Tune In, Cop Out 1995 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Creek .. Inside; Stiltskin 1995 watch
Levi 501 Jeans .. Shaggy; Boombastic 1995 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Procession .. Screamin' Jay Hawkins; Heartattack and Vine 1993 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Swimmer .. Mad about the Boy; Dinah Washington 1992 watch
Levi Jeans - Brad Pitt ad .. Marc Bolan; 20th Century Boy 1991 watch
Levi Jeans - Pool Hall .. The Clash; Should I Stay or Should I Go? 1991 watch
Levi 527 Jeans - man throwing pebbles at window .. Madness: 'It Must Be Love' 19?? watch
Levi 501 Jeans .. The Joker; Steve Miller Band 1990 watch
Levi Jeans .. Eddie Cochran; C'mon Everybody! 1988 watch
Levi Jeans - Entrance .. Ben E. King; Stand by Me 1987 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Parting .. Percy Sledge; When a Man Loves a Woman 1987 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Bath .. Sam Cooke; Wonderful World 1986 watch
Levi 501 Jeans - Laundrette .. Marvin Gaye; "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" 1985 watch
Levonelle One Step Contraception .. Golden Dogs; Lester 2009
Lexmark .. Rolling Stones: 'Complicated'
Lexus .. Isaac Albeniz; "Asturias" from Suite Espagnol 2007
Lexus 220d .. Ross Gregory; Fibre Optic 2006
LG Arena - KM900 .. Jay-Kid; Blame It On The Boogie 2009
LG KP500 Cookie free touch .. Mozart; Symphony No 40 - 1st movement 2009 watch
LG: Secret .. Sungki Lee production/Puccini; One Fine Day (Un Bel Dì Vedremo) from Madame Butterfly 2008 watch
LG: HD TVs .. Beach Boys; Good Vibrations 2008 watch
LG: Chocolate .. Feist; My Moon My Man 2007 watch
Lifestyle Sports .. Von Bondies: "C'mon C'mon" (late 2006)
Lifetime TV Network .. Bee Gees: 'Lonely Days'
Limara: body spray .. Stevie Lange; Remember My Name 1985
Lindemans .. T Rex; 20th Century Boy 2011 listen
Lipton Iced Tea - 100% Natural .. Groove Armada ft. SaintSaviour; I Wont? Kneel 2011 watch
Lipton Green Iced Tea .. Clyde McPhatter: 'Little Bitty Pretty One'
Littlewoods - Christmas Ideas .. Specially Recorded; My Lovely Mother 2011 watch
Littlewoods - Perfect Christmas Gifts From Coleen Rooney .. Danny Elfman; Whats This? 2010 watch
Littlewoods Nice Boots Camp .. Nancy Sinatra; These Boots Are Made For Walkin' 2010 watch
Littlewoods .. T Rex; I Love To Boogie 2009
Littlewoods Direct - Brazilian Adventure .. The Belle Stars; Iko Iko 2008
Living TV: Britain's Next Top Model .. Band of Skulls; Death By Diamonds and Pearls 2010 listen
Living TV: Moonlight .. Sam Sparro; Black & Gold 2008
Lloyds TSB - London 2012 Journey .. Elena Kats-Chernin; Elizas Aria 2011 watch
Lloyds Bank .. Elena Kats-Chernin; Eliza's Aria from Wild Swans 2007
Lloyds/TSB .. Bach; Sleepers Awake 1993
London Marathon - Theme .. Ron Goodwin; Theme from The Trap 2011 watch
London Transport For London - Think Biker .. Steph Altman; If You Got To Know Me 2010 watch
London Transport For London - Kid Again .. Audio Bullys; Real Life 2009
London Transport For London - Better Off By Bike Campaign .. Dawn Landes; Straight Lines 2007
London Transport For London .. David Motion; Chamber Music IV 2006
Look What We Found Tees Valley Meatballs .. Cliff Richard and The Shadows; In The Country 2012 watch
LOUD by Tommy Hilfiger: Scent Remixed .. The Ting Tings; Were Not The Same 2010 watch
Love It! Magazine .. Huey 'Piano' Smith and His Clowns; Don't You Just Know It 2007
Lovefilm Instant Try It For Free .. College A Real Hero 2012 watch
Lovefilm Instant Late Night .. Emiliana Torrini; Gun 2012 watch
Lovefilm .. Lotte Mullan; It Must Be Love 2012 watch
Lovefilm .. James Vincent McMorrow; Higher Love 2011 watch
Lovefilm .. MoZella; Love is Endless 2011 listen
Lovefilm .. Robert Palmer; Addicted To Love 2011 listen
Lovefilm .. Status Quo; Whatever You Want 2011 listen
Lovefilm .. Huey Lewis and the News; Power Of Love 2010 listen
Lovefilm .. Spencer Davis Group; Gimme Some Loving 2009 listen
Lovefilm .. John Paul Young; Love Is In The Air 2009 listen
Lovefilm .. Madness; It Must Be Love 2009 listen
Lucozade Energy: YES .. The James Cleaver Quintet; Buck Rogers 2011 watch
Lucozade Sport: Lite .. DJ Fresh; Louder 2011 watch
Lucozade Sport: YES .. Tinie Tempah ft Travis Barker; Simply Unstoppable (YES Remix) 2011 watch
Lucozade Energy: Do More .. The Plight; Ball and Chain 2010 watch
Lucozade: The Energy Within, New Orleans/Hamburg .. Brigade; What Are You Waiting For 2008 watch
Lucozade Energy .. UNKLE; Safe In Mind (Please Take This Gun From Out My Face) 2006
Lucozade Sport - Fine Line .. Scratch Perverts; Stand By 2006
Lucozade Energy: Zombie ad .. Audio Bullies; We Don't Care 2006
Lunn Poly .. Marvelettes; When You're Young And In Love 2000
Lurpak Lighter Be Wonderful and Wise .. Rutger Hauer; Cooking Up A Rainbow 2012 watch
Lurpak: Kitchen Odyssey .. Alexandre Desplat; Canis Lupus 2011 watch
Lux Shower Gel - Limousine .. 411; Dumb 2004
LV.com .. Sonics; Have Love, Will Travel 2007
Lynx Hair Get Some Hair Action .. Jacqueline Taïeb; La Plus Belle Chanson 2012 watch
Lynx Attract Unleash the Chaos .. Katie Lee; It Must Be Something Psychological 2012 watch
Lynx 2012 - Get It On For The End Of The World .. Specially Recorded; No Man Can Walk Alone 2011 watch
Lynx Excite - My Angel Girlfriend .. Linda Ronstadt; Different Drum 2011 watch
Lynx - Summer Holiday .. Courtney John - Lucky Man 2011 watch
Lynx Shower Gel - The Wash .. Brenda & the Tabulations; The Wash 2011 watch
Lynx Excite: Even Angels Will Fall .. The Fallen Angels; Sexy Boy 2011 watch
Lynx - Getting Dressed .. Israel Kamakawiwoole; Somewhere Over the Rainbow 2010 watch
Lynx Twist The Fragrance That Changes .. Juan Pablo Gariglio-bone with a dog/Special Track 2010 watch
Lynx Hot Fever .. Harry Belafonte; Jump In The Line 2009
Lynx Bullet - Pocket Pulling Power .. Seeds; Can't Seem To Make You Mine 2009
Lynx Instinct .. Cody ChesnuTT; Look Good In Leather 2009
Lynx: chocolate man .. Allen Toussaint; Sweet Touch of Love 2008
Lynx 3; Mix things up .. Micah P. Hinson; Yard Of Blonde Girls 2008
Lynx Boost Shower Gel .. Blueskins; Change My Mind 2006
Lynx Deodorant - Click .. Johnny 'Guitar' Watson; Gangster of Love 2006
Lynx deodorant .. The Bees; Chicken Payback
Lynx .. Israel Kamakawiwo'ole; Somewhere Over the Rainbow 2004
Lynx .. Esquivel; Miniskirt 1999
M & Co - Effortless Style .. Jasmine Kara; Try My Love Again 2011 watch
M & Ms .. Iron & Wine: 'Such Great Heights'
Macleans Teeth Care Sponsors of Dancing on Ice .. Slow Club; Apples and Pairs 2010 watch
Magic FM .. Michael Buble: Everything 2007
Magners Perfect Bar .. Fleetwood Mac; I've Lost My Baby 2008 watch
Magners Light .. Os Mutantes/The Bees; A Minha Menina 2008 watch
Magners Cider .. Byrds; Lazy Days 2008 watch
Magners Cider: Indoor Celebrations .. Steve Earle ft. Sharon Shannon; Galway Girl 2008 watch
Magners Christmas .. Fiona Melady; Don't Sit Under The Apple Tree 2007
Magners Cider .. The Kinks; Sunny Afternoon 2007
Magners That Journey .. Fatboy Slim; The Journey 2007
Magners Cider .. Zombies; 'Time of the Season' 2006
Magners Cider .. INXS; 'Beautiful Girl' 2006
Magners Cider .. Strangeloves; Night Time 2006
Magners Cider .. Donovan; Sunshine Superman 2006
Magners Cider .. Thin Lizzy; Dancing In The Moonlight 2006
Magnet Your Perfect Kitchen .. Julie Andrews; Getting To Know You (From The King and I) 2008 watch
Mail On Sunday You Mag .. Alex Ball (composer)/Phillipa Alexander (singer); Sunday Girl 2010 watch
Mail On Sunday Tesco Couplons .. Buddy Holly; Everyday 2009
Mail On Sunday Roxy Music CD .. Roxy Music; Avalon 2009
Mail on Sunday John Lennon CD .. John Lennon; Jealous Guy 2009
Mail on Sunday John Lennon CD .. John Lennon; Imagine 2009
Mail on Sunday Simply Red - Stars Give Away .. Simply Red; Stars 2008
Mail on Sunday Travis CD Promotion .. Travis; Flowers In The Window 2007
Mail on Sunday .. Frankie Goes To Hollywood; Two Tribes 2007
Mail on Sunday Planet Earth by Prince - Free Cd .. Prince; Guitar 2007
Mail on Sunday Maybe Baby - free DVD .. Barry White; You're The First, The Last, My Everything 2006
Maltesers Celebrating 75 Years .. Jess Penner All Smiles 2012 listen
Mango - Kate Moss .. Bradley Michael Holland; Specially Commissioned Track 2011 watch
Manikin Cigars .. Manfred Mann; A 'B' Side 1969
Marks & Spencer Summer To Remember .. Gary Barlow; Here Comes The Sun 2012 watch
Marks & Spencers - Perfect Christmas Party Food .. Olly Murs; Busy (Instrumental) 2011 watch
Marks & Spencers - Christmas Ad .. X-Factor 2011 finalists; If You Wish Upon A Star 2011 watch
Marks and Spencer - Terribly Clever .. Olly Murs; Busy (Instrumental) 2011 watch
Marks and Spencer - The Date .. The Ronettes - Be My Baby 2011 watch .
Marks and Spencer The Rendezvous .. Billy Paul; Me and Mrs Jones 2011 watch .
Marks & Spencer Apricot Tart .. Olly Murs; Busy 2011 watch
Marks and Spencer Summer 2011 - Miami .. Michael Bublé; It Had Better Be Tonight 2011 watch
M & S - Dont Put a Foot Wrong This Christmas .. Bee Gees: You Should Be Dancing 2010 watch
M & S Fashion Fall For It .. Cheryl Lynn; Got To Be Real 2010 watch
M & S - Spring 2010 Collection .. Cheryl Lynn; Got To Be Real 2010 watch
Marks & Spencer - 125 Years .. Take That; Greatest Day 2009 watch
Marks & Spencer - Cook Asian .. Booker T and The MGs; Soul Limbo 2009
Marks & Spencer - Xmas Take That ad .. Macy Gray - Winter Wonderland 2008 watch
Marks & Spencer - Your Store .. David Bowie; Lets Dance 2008 watch
Marks & Spencer - Bureau De Change .. Gypsy Kings; Bambaleo 2008
Marks & Spencer Food .. Spandau Ballet; True 2008
Marks & Spencer - Free from artificial colours; Eva Cassidy; True Colors 2008 watch
M & S - Food (Free Range Eggs) .. Donovan; Mellow Yellow 2008 watch
M & S Clothes .. Erika Eigen; I Want to Marry A Lighthouse Keeper 2008 watch
M & S Christmas Belles .. Andy Williams; It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year 2007 watch
M & S .. Charioteers: Oooh, Look-A-There, Ain't She Pretty? 2007 watch
M & S/Marks & Spencer Clothes .. Small Faces; Itcheycoo Park 2007 watch
M & S Food .. Groove Armada; At The River 2007 watch
M & S Christmas Food .. Santana: "Samba Pa Ti" 2006 watch
M & S Food .. Santana: "Samba Pa Ti" ~ UK (2006)
M & S Fire and Ice .. Shirley Bassey; Get The Party Started 2006 watch
M & S Kids .. Monkees: "(Theme from) The Monkees" ~ UK 2006
M & S More Credit Card .. Laurie Johnson Orchestra; Theme from The Avengers 2006
M & S Clothes .. Steve Harley/Cockney Rebel: 'Make Me Smile (Come Up & See Me)' 2006
M & S .. Mikis Theodorakis; Zorba The Greek 2006
M & S .. Sailor; A Glass Of Champagne 2006 watch
M & S Clothes .. Ethel Merman; There's No Business Like Show Business 2005
M & S Clothes .. Electric Light Orchestra (ELO); Mr Blue Sky 2005
M & S Food .. Fleetwood Mac: "Albatross" ~ (2005)
M & S .. Finley Quaye; Your Love Gets Sweeter 2004
M & S More Credit Card .. Dean Martin; That's Amore 2003
M & S .. Brian Ferry: "Let's Get Together ~ UK
Marmaduke Trailer .. Kei$ha; Tik tok 2010 watch
Mars - Work Together.. Radford Music/ Gary Nock; Make it Better 2011 watch
Mars - Raised Voices .. England New Order; World In Motion 2010 watch
Mars .. Hubert Parry; Jerusalem 2009
Mars: Twix - Free Cuppa .. Whitesnake; Here I Go Again 2009 watch
Mars: Maltesers .. Abba; Mamma Mia 2008 watch
Mars Free Football ad .. Rossini; La Gazza Ladra Overture: The Thieving Magpie 2008 watch
Mars Bar (bell ringing monks) .. House Of Pain; Jump Around 2008 watch
Mars: Twix .. Peter Grant; Happy Together 2007
Mars: Planets .. Sweet: Blockbuster 2007
Mars .. New Order; Blue Monday 2006
Mars: Celebrations .. Blues Brothers: Everybody Needs Somebody To Love 2005/09
Mars: Maltesers .. Chaka Demus and Pliers; Tease Me 2000
Mastercard Rewards .. Bonnie Tyler; Total Eclipse Of The Heart 2010 watch
Mastercard .. Randy Newman; Feels Like Home 2009
Mastercard Euro 2008 Commentators .. Johan Strauss; Blue Danube Waltz 2008
Mastercard .. Alice Cooper; School's Out 2008 watch
Mastercard Travel Promotion .. Fink; This is the Thing 2007
Mastercard .. Findlay Brown; "Come Home" (late 2006)
Mastercard Brit Awards Sponsorship .. King; Love And Pride 2006
Mastercard Brit Awards Sponsorship .. Natasha Bedingfield; 'These Words' 2006
Matalan - Christmas Snowglobes .. Cinnamon Girl; Set You Free 2011 watch
Matalan - Forever Spring .. Crystal Fighters; Plage 2011 watch
Matalan - Best Christmas Ever? .. A Fine Frenzy; What I Wouldnt Do 2010 watch
Matalan .. Kingsmen; Louie, Louie 2006
Matalan - Expect More .. Andrea True Connection; More, More, More 2006
Matalan .. Louis Armstrong: "Zat You Santa Claus" 2005
Match.com Accidental Duet .. Squeak E. Clean; Its Just Me 2010 DL (music made for ad)
Match.com .. Dan Hill; Sometimes When I Touch You 2007
Mateus Rose .. Touch and Go; Ecoutez, Repetez 2005
Mattessons Fridge Raiders: Chicken Bites .. Andrew Kremer & Benedict Green; Gdansk Skank 2008
Mattessons Fridge Raiders .. I Monster; The Blue Wrath (Bloated) 2006
Maxwell House Coffee .. Madness: 'Our House'
Maybelline - One By One VolumExpress Mascara .. Dick Dale & His Del Tones; Misirlou 2011 watch
Maybelline Collossal .. Lalo Schifrin; Mission Impossible Theme 2009
Maynards .. Major Maker; Rollercoaster 2008
Mazda .. Noisettes: Don't Upset The Rhythm 2008
Mazda 6 .. Jupiter One; Platform Moon 2007/8 watch
Mazda 2 .. Infadels; Can't Get Enough 2007
Mazda MX5 .. Jan Cyrka; Cartel 2006
Mazda MX5 & MX6 .. Serapis Bey; Zoom Zoom Zoom 2002
Max Factor: Diva Lip Gloss .. Sohodolls; Stripper 2010 watch
McCain Potato Food Family Life .. Supertramp; Give a Little Bit 2010 watch
McCain Home Fries .. Lionel Bart; Food, Glorious Food (From Oliver!) 2007
McCoy Crisps .. Paul Anka: Puppy Love 2007
McDonalds - Hes Happy .. Special Commission; On The Street Where You Live 2011 watch
McDonalds - 1955 Burger .. Frankie Lymon & The Teenagers; Why Do Fools Fall in Love? 2011 watch .
McDonalds BCO .. Bob Dorough; Three Is The Magic Number 2011 watch
McDonalds - Happy Box .. The Dave Clark Five; Glad All Over 2011 watch
McDonalds Full Bean Coffee .. The Dave Brubeck Quartet: Unsquare Dance 2010 watch
McDonalds Weather 2 .. The Swingle Singers: William Tell Overture 2010 watch
McDonald's Golden Arches Beacon .. Willie Nelson; On The Road Again 2010 watch
McDonald's Summer Coke Glasses .. Maceo and the Macks Cross the Tracks (We Better Go Back) 2010 watch
McDonalds Weather .. Vernon Elliott; From Visiting Friends (The Clangers) 2010 watch
McDonalds Summer Menu .. Sam Means; Yeah Yeah watch
McDonalds Great Tastes of America .. Jerome Moross; Big Country 2010 watch
McDonalds CBO .. Bob Dorough; Three Is The Magic Number 2010
McDonalds Favourites .. Elmer Bernstein; The City 2009 watch
McDonalds Chicken Legend .. Roger Miller; King of The Road 2009 watch
McDonalds .. Jerry Keller; Here Comes Summer 2009
McDonalds Cornetto McFlurry .. Pavarotti; O Sole Mio 2009
McDonalds .. Bing Crosby; Busy Doing Nothing 2009
McDonalds Working With Farmers .. Roger Miller Whistlestop 2008 watch
McDonalds Festive Menu .. Elmer Bernstein; The Great Escape 2007 watch
McDonalds Free Coca Cola Glass Promotion .. Incognito; Everybody Loves The Sunshine 2007 watch
McDonalds Summer BBQ Menu .. TV Theme; Galloping Home (Theme From Black Beauty) 2007 watch
McDonalds .. ABC; Poison Arrow 2006 watch
McDonalds .. John Barry; Midnight Cowboy 2002
McDonalds .. Paraffin Jack Flash; Blue & Groovy 2000
McEwans .. Eddie and The Hot Rods; Do Anything You Wanna Do 2000
McEwans .. Win; You've Got The Power 1988-89
McVitie's Crumbs .. Xavier Cugat; Tea For Two 2005 watch
Mentos 3 - Three Is Better .. Blak Prophetz; What I$ Rap? (Mentos TV Advert Remix) 2011 watch
Mentos .. Sequins; I Get What I Want 2009
Mercedes Benz - 125 Years .. Belleruche; Northern Girls 2011 watch
Mercedes-Benz AMG Cars .. Massive Attack; Danny the Dog 2010 watch
Mercedes-Benz Presence .. Nick Cave & Warren Ellis; Martha's Dream 2008 watch
Meteor .. Arthur And Yu; The Ghost Of Old Bull Lee 2008 watch
MFI 2008 Collection .. Patrick Street; Music For A Found Harmonium 2007 watch
Michelob Beer .. Eric Clapton: 'After Midnight 1988 watch
Michelob Beer .. Phil Collins; Tonight, Tonight, Tonight 1987 watch
Microsoft Internet Explorer 9 A More Beautiful Web .. Alex Clare; Too Close 2012 watch
Midland Bank .. Madness; It Must Be Love 1994
Miller Genuine Draught .. Jude; Crescent Heights 2007
Miller .. Le Hammond Inferno; Speech Defects 2006 watch
Miller Genuine Draught .. Takako Minekawa; Fantastic Cat 2005 watch
Milton Keynes The Centre:MK & Midsummer Place - Wish List .. Haircut 100; Fantastic Day 2008 watch
Mind Time To Change .. Brian Eno; An Ending (Ascent) 2009
Mini Roadster Cliffhanger .. Orhan Gencebay; Hayat Kavgasi 2012 watch
Mini Viking Invasion - Ban Boredom .. Baby Woodrose; Volcano 2008 watch
Mini Clubman - Etch-A-Sketch .. ESG; Tiny Sticks 2008 watch
Mini Clubman - Birds .. Bob McGrath & Loretta Long; One of These Things (One of These Sounds) 2007
Mitsubishi Lancer .. Manfred Mann; 54321 2010
Mitsubishi Lancer .. Dean Martin; The Birds and The Bees 2009 watch
Mitsubishi L200 .. Bob Dylan; A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall 2006
Mitsubishi .. Sweet: 'Ballroom Blitz'
Mitsubishi .. Tommy James and the Shondells: 'Draggin' the Line'
Möben - Choreographed Kitchen .. Propellerheads; Crash 2007/8
Moneysupermarket.com: Like A Winner .. Joe Bean Esposito Youre The Best 2012 watch
Moneysupermarket.com: King of the Jungle .. Tight Fit; The Lion Sleeps Tonight 2011 watch
Moneysupermarket.com: Crocodile Surfer .. The Surfaris; Wipeout 2011 watch
Monday Charities Lottery .. Jam; Monday 2006
Monster.com (daybreak).. Rebecca Cherry/Cherry-Tate Music Productions: 'a special for the ad' 2008
Monster.com (own path) .. Chemical Brothers: "Dream on" 2008 watch
Monster.com (big legs) .. Obernkirchen Children's Choir; Happy Wanderer 2007/8
Monster.com .. ELO: 'Do Ya'
More 4 Iraq: The Bloody Circus .. Ben Christophers; Falls Into View 2006
More Than: Car Insurance .. Simple Minds; Alive and Kicking 2010 watch
More Than: Home Insurance .. Gerry Rafferty; Baker Street 2010 watch
More Than .. Queen; You're My Best Friend 2010 watch
More Than .. East 17; It's Alright 2009
More Than: Free Home Contents with Buildings Insurance .. Diana Ross; Upside Down 2009
More Than: Home Insurance .. Barry White; Can't Get Enough Of Your Love, Babe 2009 watch
More Than: Pet Insurance .. Minnie Ripperton; Lovin' You 2009 watch
More Than: Car Insurance .. Lionel Richie; Easy 2008 watch
More Than .. Paul Clarkson; Day After Day 2006
More Than .. Elvis Presley; Old Shep 2001
Morrisons .. Take That; Shine 2007
Motorola RAZR .. Black Rebel Motorcycle Club; Spread Your Love 2011 watch
Motorola ROKR E8 - Dancing Phones .. MSTRKRFT; Work On You (Para One Remix) 2008
Motorola RAZR2 .. Shiny Toy Guns; Le Disko 2007
Motorola Z8 .. Rob Dougan; Will You Follow Me? 2007
Motorola KRZR K1 .. Icicles; Sugar Sweet 2006
Motorola Flex .. Bedouin Soundclash: "When the night feel my song"
Motorpoint.co.uk .. Alma Cogan; Jolly Good Company 2008 watch
Mr Kipling - Exceedingly Happy Cakes .. Arthur Askey; It's A Hap-Hap-Happy Day 2008 watch
MTV: M stands for music .. Pheonix; 1901 2010 listen
Müller - Wünderful Stuff .. Guy Farley; Wünderful Stuff 2011 watch
Müller Corner Yogurts Thank You Cows .. REO Speedwagon; Cant Fight This Feeling 2010 watch
Müller Mix It Up .. East 17; It's Alright 2009 watch
Müller Mix It Up .. 2 Unlimited; No Limit 2008 watch
Müller Mix It Up .. EMF Unbelievable 2008 watch
Müller Little Stars .. Natalie Williams: 'Ain't Got No (I Got Life)' 2006 watch
Mylanta .. John Sebastian: 'Welcome Back'
N >
National Bingo Big'n .. Shirley Bassey; Big Spender 2007 watch
National Blood Service .. Campbell; The Blood Donor 2005
National Lottery Scratchcards: 2 Billion Winners .. James Radford; Two Billion 2012 watch
National Lottery - Lotto Monkey Sanctuary .. Tony Bennett; The Good Life 2011 watch
National Lottery - Private Jet .. David Holmes; Snake Eyes 2011 watch
National Lottery .. Bo Diddley; Roadrunner 2010 watch
National Lottery .. Barry Louis Polisar All I Want Is You 2008
National Lottery Think Lotto .. Faces; Ooh La La 2008
National Lottery Play Together, Win Together .. Rossini William; Tell Overture 2007 watch
National Lottery Monopoly Scratchcard .. Baha Men; Who Let The Dogs Out 2007
National Lottery .. Patience and Prudence; Smile and a Ribbon 2006
National Lottery Smile .. Sir Granville Bantock; Lento Sostenuto from "Celtic Symphony" 2006
National Lottery .. Violent Femmes; Blister In The Sun 2005
National Lottery Lucky Lotto .. Jimmy Cliff; Wonderful World, Beautiful People 2005
National Rail 2 for 1 Entry - Attractions .. John Malcolm; Non Stop (Theme From ITN News) 2005
Nationwide Building Society - Carousel .. Ludovico Einaudi; Snow Prelude No. 3 in C Major 2011 watch
Nationwide Building Society Sponsors England (Setanta) .. Doves; There Goes The Fear 2008
Nationwide Building Society Sponsors England (Sky) .. Muse; Starlight 2008
Nationwide Home Improvement Electric Garage Doors .. Vivaldi Spring; (Allegro) from 'The Four Seasons' 2005
Nature's Own 100% whole wheat bread .. hired session singers; I Dont Love You Too Much Do I 2006 watch
Natwest Bank .. Will Young; Grace 2008 watch
Natwest Bank: Switch .. John Roos; Gambling Joint 2005
NCL Am. Hawaiian Cruise Lines .. Danny & the Juniors: 'Let's Go To The Hop'
Nescafe Gold Blend Fall In Love .. Rebecca Ferguson; Nothings Real But Love 2012 watch
Nescafé Dolce Gusto .. Outlines; I Cannot Think (English Gentlemen Re-work) 2011 watch
Nestle Nescafe - 3 in 1 .. Supergrass; Alright 2011 watch
Nestlé: Kit Kat - Crane drivers .. The Fratellis; Chelsea Dagger 2011 watch
Nestle: Shredded Wheat - Top It .. Isley Brothers; It's Your Thing 2011 watch
Nestle: Kit Kat .. The Enemy; We'll Live and Die In These Towns 2010 watch
Nestle: Nescafe Gold Blend .. Dean Martin; Sway 2010 watch
Nestle: Aero - Feel The Bubbles .. Jackson Five; ABC 2009 watch
Nestle: Go Free with Daley Thompson .. Aaron Copland Fanfare For The Common Man 2008 watch
Nestle: Nescafe Collection - Awaken Your Senses .. Babel Gilberto; Samba Da Bencao 2008
Nestle: Nescafe Dolce Gusto Coffee Maker .. James Brown; Sex Machine 2006
Nestle: Fitnesse .. India Arie; Video 2006
Nestle: Cheerios .. Torpedo Boyz; Any Trash Professor Abacus? 2005
Nestle: Aero .. Henry Mancini; Lujon 2005
Nestle: Aero ..Black Mighty Orchestra; Ocean Beach 2005
Nestle: Kit Kat - Kit Kash Promotion .. Bill Conti; Theme From Dynasty 2005
Network Q .. Platters; Only You 2000
New Balance Happy Feet.. Ben Howard; The Wolves 2012 watch
New Look - 100 Days of Summer .. Darwin Deez; Up In The Clouds 2011 watch
New Look - 20% Off Partywear .. INXS; Suicide Blonde 2010 watch
New York .. Ella Fitzgerald; Take The "A" Train (Remix) 2007
New York Bagels .. Kula Shaker; Hush 2006
New Zealand .. Jason Kerrison; Waiting 2005
New Zealand Tourist Board .. Crowded House; Dont Dream Its Over 2000
News of the World Fabulous Magazine .. db Boulevard; Point of View 2008 watch
News of the World Score .. Elgar Pomp And Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2005
Next.co.uk - Timing .. Haddaway; What Is Love? 2011 watch
Next Autumn 2010 .. The Specials; A Message To You Rudy 2010 watch
Next.co.uk Route 66 Road Trip .. The Dandy Warhols; Bohemian Like You 2010 watch
Next: Rio .. Ava Leigh; Mas Que Nada 2008
Next: Christmas Changes .. Louis Armstrong; Cool Yule 2007
Next: Directory - 25 Years .. KT Tunstall; Suddenly I See 2007
NFU Mutual .. Hindi Zahra; Beautiful Tango 2007
NHS Antibiotics Dont Cure Viruses .. Bob Dylan; Subterranean Homesick Blues 2008 watch
NHS Stop Smoking Campaign .. Chairmen of the Board; Give Me Just A Little more Time 2007
NHS Anti Smoking Campaign .. Muse; Can't Take My Eyes Off You 2005
Nice & Easy Hair Dye .. Kim Carnes; Bette Davis Eyes 2008
Nickleodeon .. All Seeing I; Beat Goes On 2003
Nike Chosen - Just Do It .. Hanni El Khatib; I Got A Thing 2011 watch
Nike Air Max Lunar .. MNEK and Nathan Retro; Lunar Riddim 2011 watch
Nike - Free Yourself .. The Launderettes; Nobody But Me 2011 watch
Nike Air Max 90 .. Peter Fox; Alles Neu (Instrumental) 2010 watch
Nike Champions League Final (Nike write The Future; Full Length Version) .. Focus; Hocus Pocus 2010 watch
Nike T90 Laser III Football Boots.. 16 Bit; Jump 2010 watch
Nike - Courage .. The Killers; All These Things That I've Done 2008
Nike .. Johnny Cash; Hurt 2006
Nike .. Delinquent Habits; Return of the Tres 2006
Nike .. Sergio Mendes & Black Eyed Peas; Mas Que Nada 2006
Nike .. Faces; Ooh La La 2005
Nike .. Norman Greenbaum: "Spirit in the Sky" ~ US
Nike .. The Guess Who: 'American Woman' ~ late 90's
Nike Jose +10 .. RJD2; De L'Alouette 2006
Nike Jose +10 .. Jim Noir; Eanie Meany 2006
Nike Joga Bonita (Ronaldinho) .. Barbatuques; Baiao Destemperado 2006
Nike Joga Bonita (Wayne Rooney) .. Radio 4; Caroline 2006
Nikon 1 One Step Ahead .. Radical Face; Welcome Home 2011 watch
Nikon - Capture Statues with Coolpix S3100 .. Radical Face; Welcome Home 2011 watch
Nikon .. Radical Face Welcome Home Son 2010 watch
Nimble Bread .. Honeybus; I Cant Let Maggie Go 2000
Nina Ricci LElixir - Enchanted Walk .. Florrie; Sunday Girl 2010 watch
Nintendo Wii - Michael Jackson Experience .. Michael Jackson; Billie Jean 2010 watch
Nintendo DS: Animal Crossing .. Renee Olstead; A Love That Will Last 2006
Niquitin .. Snap; The Power 2003
Nissan Juke Built to Thrill .. The Horrors; The Kraken 2012 watch
Nissan Qashqai - Ultimate Urban Car .. Hanni El Khatib; Human Fly 2011 watch
Nissan Juke - Energise The City .. Fredrika Stahl; Twinkle Twinkle Little Star (DatA Remix) 2011 watch
Nissan Micra - In Sync With The City .. Oh No! Oh My!; Walk In The Park 2011 watch
Nissan Juke - Urbanproof Energised .. Fredrika Stahl; Twinkle Twinkle Little Star 2010 watch
Nissan Qashqai .. Amon Tobin; Four Ton Mantis (Bonobo mix) 2010
Nissan Quashai; Urbanproof .. Giuseppe Verdi; La Traviata - Sempre Libera 2008
Nissan Exterra .. Donnas; Fall Behind Me 2005
Nissan 350Z .. Ramblin' Jack Elliott; Car Song 2005
Nissan .. Vines; Ride 2005
Nissan .. Stevie Ray Vaughan: "Voodoo Chile" ~ US
Nivea Skincare - 100 Years For Life .. Rihanna; California King Bed 2011 watch
Nivea Visage - Q10 Plus .. Kaki King; Close To Me 2010 watch
Nivea: silhouette .. Sugar Pie DeSanto: Go Go Power 2008
Nivea: dry 24 hours deodorant .. Asher Lane; New Days 2006
Nivea Visage Young .. Rhesus; Just Let Go 2006
Nivea Lotions .. Bobby Vinton; Blue Velvet 2000
Nobby's Crisps .. Slade; Mama Weer All Crazee Now 2006
Nobby's Nuts .. Slade; Skweeze Me Pleeze Me 2005
Nokia Lumia - The Amazing Everday ..Totally Enormous Extinct Dinosaurs; Garden 2011/12 watch
Nokia E7 - Smartphone .. Lovvers; Creepy Crawl 2011 watch
Nokia N8 - Smartphone .. Brian Eno; Deep Blue Day 2011 watch
Nokia GPS-enabled Smartphones .. Chromeo; Me & My Man (Chromeo vs Whitey Fly Whitey Mix) 2010 watch
Nokia X6 - Gig Entertainment .. Flaming Lips; Silver Trembling Hands 2010
Nokia 6220: Maps Connecting People .. Claude Debussy; Claire De Lune (Suite Bergamasque) 2008
Nokia 5300 .. Bonde Do Role; Solta O Frango 2007
Nokia Cath Kidston Range .. Bernard Hermann; Twisted Nerve 2006
Nokia 6233 .. Shaggy; Boombastic 2006
Nokia L'Amour .. DJ Sayem; World of Flowers 2006
Nokia 'N' Series Phones N70 , N90 & N91 .. Moby; In My Heart 2006
Nokia Pop Idol 2005 .. Mint Royale; Sexiest Man In Jamaica 2005
Nokia 6101 .. Hot Butter; Popcorn 2005
Northern Ireland .. Van Morrison; Brown Eyed Girl 2000
Northern Rock Building Society .. Sting; Fields Of Gold 2000
Norwich Union .. Tommy Roe or Manfred Mann; Sweet Pea 2007
Norwich Union .. Spike Jones; Hawaiian War Chant 2007
Norwich Union .. Ella Fitzgerald; I Wonder Why 2004
N-Power: Topsy Turvy .. Bing Crosby; Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate The Posisive 2008
N-Power .. Johnny Panic; Happy Together 2006
NSPCC What Will We Leave? .. Elizabeth Mitchell; You Are My Sunshine 2010 watch
NSPCC .. Sigur Ros; Svefn-G-Englar 2006
NSPCC .. Brian Eno; An Ending (Ascent) 2006
NSPCC .. Kate Bush; This Woman's Work 2005
Nurofen .. Manu Delago; Mono Desire (Hang Drum Solo) 2010 watch
O >>
O2 On & On .. Specially Recorded; Little Boxes 2012 watch
O2 - Priority Moments, Things Are Changing .. Jedd Holden; Little Boxes 2012 watch
O2 Things Are Changing .. Sniffy Dog ft Adrienne Stiefel; Little Boxes 2012 watch
O2 - January Sale .. Freelance Whales; Generator (First Floor) 2012 watch
O2 - Priority Moments .. Foster The People - Pumped Up Kicks 2011 watch
O2 - Broadband- Niggles and Narks .. Christopher Slaski; Comissioned Composition 2010 watch
O2 - Pool Party .. Jaylib; The Red 2010 watch
O2 - Bluebook (memories) .. A Cuckoo; The Girl From My Dreams 2008
O2 .. Coldcut: Walk A Mile In My Shoes 2007
O2 .. Jackson and His Computer Band; Utopia 2006
Oasis Cactus Boy .. Orff: Gassenhauer from Musica Poetica:Schulwerk 2008
Observer Music Monthly - Who Feature .. Who; Who Are You 2006
Observer Franz Ferdinand Promotion .. Franz Ferdinand; Matinee 2005
Office Max .. The Spinners: 'Rubberband Man'
Office Max .. Alice Cooper: 'School's Out'
Olay Regenerist .. Soft Cell; Tainted Love 2005
Olay Oil Of Ulay .. Nat King Cole; Stay As Sweet As You Are 2000
Old Jamaica Ginger Beer: Beach Party .. The Jolly Boys; Great Balls of Fire 2010 ( a tribute video of the Jolly Boys)
Old Spice .. Orff; O Fortuna from Carmina Burana 2000
Oliver Stone - Born on the 4th of July .. Buffalo Springfield; For What It's Worth 1996
Options Indulgence - Hot Chocolate Rabbit .. Lord Rockingham's XI; Fried Onions 2011 watch
Oral-B .. Eric Carmen; All By Myself 2011 watch
Orange - The Orange Show .. The Muppets; The Muppet Theme 2011 listen
Orange - The Orange Show .. The Muppets ; Mah Na Mah Na 2011 listen
Orange - Film To Go .. Specially Recorded Version - Dick Dale-Deltones; Misirlou 2011 watch
Orange & T-Mobile - Shared Network .. Frank Sinatra; Love And Marriage 2011 listen
Orange Windows Phone .. Grieg; Hall of the Mountain King (from Peer Gynt) 2010 watch
Orange: Phone Fund Kerching! .. Frédéric Chopin; Nocturne Op 9 No 2 in E-Flat 2010 watch
Orange: "A" Team Gold Spot .. Mike Post; Theme From The 'A' Team 2010 listen
Orange: Dolphin ad - Free Mobile Internet .. Chopin; Nocturn Op 9 No 2 in E Flat Minor 2010 watch
Orange: Pay As You Go Animals .. Born Ruffians Hummingbird 2008
Orange: animals return .. Simple Kid; 'Lil King Kong 2008
Orange Mobile (people are good together) .. Devendra Banhart; Little Yellow Spider 2007
Orange Togetherness .. Laurel & Hardy: Let Me Call You Sweetheart 2006
Orange Bike .. Funky Lowlives; Time To Let You Go 2006
Orange .. Oceansize; Music For A Nurse 2006
Orange 2 for 1 3G Phones Promotion .. Elton John; Turn The Lights Out When You Leave 2005
Orange Magic Numbers .. Nat Baldwin: Only In My Dreams 2006
Orangina .. Gypsy Kings; Pida Me La 2000
Organix Goodies - Thank Goodness For Goodies .. Specially Commissioned; The Goodies Theme 2011 watch
Ovaltine Light .. Heatwave; Mind Blowing Decisions 2000
Oxfam Be Aware .. Muse; New Born 2008
Oxfam Unwrapped: Alpacas .. Baby Bird: You're Gorgeous 2006
Oxfam .. Feeder; Tender 2005
P & O Cruises .. Feeder; Feeling The Moment (2007)
P & O Cruises .. Handel: "Zadok the Priest" (2006)
P & O Stena Line .. Robert Palmer; Riptide 2000
Pacific Life: Tail Slap Sports Music .. composed & recorded specificallyfor the ad; Fight Song. 2008 watch
Paco Rabanne Lady Million Click Again .. Commissioned; Do It Again 2010 watch
Palm Pixi Plus Change Your Life .. Mos Def; Quiet Dog 2010 watch
Palmolive Soft And Gentle Deodorant .. Phyllis Nelson; Move Closer 2000
Pampers Unicef Promotion .. Frank Sinatra; Sleep Warm 2007
Pampers .. KC and the Sunshine Band; That's The Way I Like It 2007
Pampers .. Thomas Newman; Any Other Name (Theme from 'American Beauty') 2007
Pampers Active Fit .. Wagner; Ride Of The Valkyries 2006
Pampers .. Snap: 'I Got The Power'
Panasonic Viera 3D TV .. Sally J Johnson; Dreaming Out Loud 2010 watch
Pandora: Unforgettable Moments .. Silas Bjerregaard; Pandora 2011 watch
Pantene .. Jem; They 2009
Pantene .. Natasha Bedingfield; Unwritten 2007
Pantene Pro-V Movement Trial .. Mirwais; Disco Science 2006
Pantene Pro V .. Etta James; Fire 2006
Pantene Ice Shine .. Martina Topley-Bird; Release In Love 2006
ParalympicsGB - Some Achieve Greatness .. Paul McCartney & Wings; Live And Let Die 2008
Paramount Comedy Channel: Sex and the City .. Shirley Bassey; Big Spender 2008
Paramount Comedy Channel: This Spring.. Etta James; At Last 2008
Paramount Comedy Channel: Sex and the City .. The Creatures; Right Now 2008
Paramount Comedy Channel: Scrubs Series 5 .. Boston; More Than A Feeling 2007
Paramount Comedy Channel: Suburban Shootout .. Fatboy Slim; Going Out Of My Head 2006
Paramount Comedy Channel: American Classics Weekend .. Faces; Ooh La La 2006
Paramount Comedy Channel .. Mary Hopkin; Those Were The Days 2003
Park Savings Club Christmas 2006 .. Queen; A Kind of Magic 2005
Parker Pens .. Plain White T's; Take Me Away 2006
Paul Simon Home Furnishing .. Sheryl Crow; A Change Would Do You Good 2010 watch
PDSA Give Something Back .. Special commission; composer: Guy Farley, singer: Helen Boulding 2008
PDSA .. Eva Cassidy; True Colors 2007
PDSA Legacy Appeal .. Ronan Keating; When You Say Nothing At All 2005
Pearl Drops .. Supernaturals; Smile 2011 listen
Peperami Cheezer .. Brotherhood of Man; Save all your Kisses for Me 2000
Pepsi Max Kick In The Mix .. Calvin Harris feat Ne-Yo; Lets Go 2012 watch
Pepsi Max - Wait Til Monday .. Pascal Ebony/Fabrice Smadja ft Myo; Your Mother Wont Approve 2011 watch
Pepsi World Cup 2010 .. Akon ft. Keri Hilson; Oh Africa 2010 watch
Pepsi Max .. Black Eyed Peas; More 2007
Pepsi Max .. Cloud Room; Hey Now Now 2007
Pepsi World Cup .. Trio; Da Da Da 2006
Pepsi Max Cino .. Wirebirds; Anything Goes 2006
Pepsi .. Queen; We Will Rock You 2004
Pepsi .. Rod Stewart; Rhythm Of My Heart 2000
Pepsi .. Gloria Estefan; Seal Our Fate 2000
Pepsi .. Village People; YMCA 2000
Pepsi .. Tina Turner; Simply The Best 2000
Pepsi .. Marvin Gaye; It Takes Two 2000
Pepsi .. Janet Jackson; Control 2000
Pepsi .. Michael Jackson; Billie Jean 1984
Pepsi .. Lovin' Spoonful: 'Did You Ever Have to Make Up Your Mind' ~ US
Pepsi .. Bee Gees: 'Stayin Alive' ~ US
Perfume Shop - If Only You Could Bottle It .. Specially Recorded; Make You Feel My Love 2011 watch
Peroni .. Shirelles; Baby It's You 2006
Persil .. Rachel Portman; Roboboy 2008
Persil - Small & Mighty Blood and Mud .. White Denim; Shake Shake Shake 2011 listen .
Persil - Small and Mighty - Pop-Up Book .. Thomas Russell; Flow
2008
Persil - Mr Men Promotion .. Paul Mardle; Mr Men Theme 2007
Persil .. Earth, Wind and Fire; Boogie Wonderland 2006
Persil .. Rufus Thomas; Do The Funky Penguin 2006
Persil .. Beach Boys: "I Get Around" 2006
Persil .. Tams; Be Young, Be Foolish, Be Happy 2005
Peugeot 3008 HYbrid4 Diesel .. Woodkid; Iron (Gucci Vump Remix) 2012 watch
Peugeot Your Peugeot Dealer .. Johanna Wedin from MAI; And Together Again 2011 watch
Peugeot RCZ .. Monsieur Monsieur; Kuala Lumpur Race 2010 watch
Peugeot 308 Allure Freedom .. Stephanie Kirkham; Easy as 123 2010 watch
Peugeot 5008 - MPV .. Grizzly Bear; Two Weeks 2010 watch
Peugeot New Logo: Motion & Emotion .. Yuksek; Tonight 2010 watch
Peugeot 207 Youth is a Wonderful Thing.. Various Artists; Ac-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive 2010 watch
Peugeot 308 .. Venus; Beautiful Days 2009 watch
Peugeot 308 SW - Launch Offer .. Wolfmother; Joker and The Thief 2008
Peugeot 307 .. Hyper; We Control 2008
Peugeot 307 .. Daniel Teper; Colouring In 2007
Peugeot 407 Coupe .. Linda Lyndell: "What A Man" 2006
Peugeot 407 Coupe .. Delibes; Flower Duet from Lakme 2006
Peugeot 207 .. Hyper; We Control 2006
Peugeot 207 .. Marcels; Heartaches 2006
Peugeot 206 .. Al Green; Simply Beautiful 2002
Peugeot .. Cyndi Lauper; True Colors 2000
Peugeot .. Berlin; Take My Breath Away 2000
Peugeot .. Marvin Gaye; Sexual Healing 2000
Peugeot .. Lenny Kravitz; Fly Away 2000
PG Tips Wallace & Gromit Mug Promotion .. Wallace & Gromit; Wallace & Gromit 2005
Philadelphia Cream Cheese Spread a Little Happiness.. Life-Size Humans; Something to Remember 2010 watch
Philips .. The Beatles: 'Getting Better'
Pilkington Self Cleaning Glass .. Johnny Nash I Can See Clearly Now 2008 watch
Pimms - Summer Party .. Arthur W Sheriff; Liberty Bell March (Monty Pythons F. C. Theme) 2011 watch
Pimms .. Status Quo; Break The Rules 2007
Pimms .. Adam and the Ants; Prince Charming 2004
Piriteze No Extremes .. The Boo Radleys; Wake Up Boo! 2010 watch
Piriton: hay-loft and sheep.. Empire Dogs; Everywhere 2008
Piriton .. Empire Dogs; Everywhere 2006
Pizza Hut .. BBC; Light And Tuneful (BBC Wimbledon Theme) 2006
Pizza Hut .. Noveltones; Leftbank 2 (Gallery Theme from Take Hart) 2004
PJ Smoothies .. Johan Strauss II; Roses From The South (Rosen Aus Dem Suden) 2006
Planters .. James Brown: 'Hot Pants'
Planters .. Bay City Rollers: 'Saturday Night'
Play.com Monster Sale .. Coldplay; Clocks 2008
Play.com Mr Bean's Holiday DVD .. Shaggy; Boombastic 2007
Play.com Mr Bean's Holiday DVD .. Louis Armstrong; When You're Smiling 2007
PlayStation 3 PS3 Move .. Magnetic Man; Getting Nowhere (Instrumental) 2011 watch
PlayStation Move: Dance Star Party .. Duck Sauce; Barbra Streisand 2011 watch
Playstation3: Gran Turismo 5 Prologue .. Giuseppe Verdi; Requiem: Dies Irae 2008
Playtex MySize Bra Range .. Shirley Bassey; (Where Do I Begin?) Love Story 2007
Pledge .. Fontella Bass: 'Rescue Me'
Plusnet .. Heaven 17; Temptation 2010 listen
Pontiac .. The Clash: 'Should I Stay or Should I Go' ~ US
Post Office: Over 50s Life Insurance .. Johann Strauss II; The Blue Danube Waltz, Op. 314 2010 watch
Pot Noodle Pot Noeldle - Noodle Van .. Adelphoi Music Ltd; Commissioned 2010 watch
Powergen .. Tot Taylor; Green Bossa 1999
Prada: Infusion DIris .. Bring Me The Horizon; No Need For Introductions, Ive Read About Girls Like You On The Back of Toilet Doors 2010 watch
Prada L'Eau Ambrée - Fragrant Breeze .. Bill Doggett; Honky Tonk Pt 1 2009 watch
Press 81 Premium Cider - Chill to Perfection .. DZ Deathrays; Gebbie Street 2011 watch .
Premier Inn - A Good Night's Sleep .. Mama Cass Elliot; Dream A Little Dream of Me 2012 watch
Pretty Polly .. Kinks; All Day And All Of The Night 2000
Prince's Tuna .. Prince Buster; Enjoy Yourself 2007
Pringles Merry Pringles .. Tchaikovsky; Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy from The Nutcracker Suite 2007
Pringles Rice Infusions .. Brahms; Hungarian Dance No 5 2007
Pringles Gourmet .. Dave Brubeck; Take Five 2006
Pringles Rice Infusions .. Brahms: Hungarian Dance No 5 2007
Pringles .. Love Affair; Everlasting Love 2006
Pringles Star Wars III Promotion .. John Williams; Star Wars - A New Hope (Main Title) 2005
Pringles .. Ateed; Come To Me 2004 listen
Pringles .. Freestylers; Weekend Song 2003 listen
Pringles .. Lou Bega; Mambo No 5 2000 listen
Pringles .. Bow Wow Wow; I Want Candy 2000 listen
Pringles .. Perez Prez Prado; Mambo No 5 2000 listen
Pukka Pies 3 1/2 Minute Pies .. Pipkins; Gimme Dat Ding 2012 watch
Puma Football Love vs Football .. Hardchorus; Truly Madly Deeply 2010 watch
Puma .. Mazarin; For Energy Infinite 2007
Puma .. Rimsky-Korsakov; Flight Of The Bumblebee 2005
Pure New Wool .. Pachelbel; Canon 1993
Purell .. M C Hammer: 'Can't Touch This' ~ US
Q >>
Q Magazine .. Blur: Song 2 2000
Quaker Oats (Snowman) .. Polo Club; Play What You Want' 2008
written, composed & produced by Peter Raeburn/Adam Bushell/Tom Kenyatta
Quaker Oats .. Catatonia: Nothing Hurts 2007
Quaker Oatso Simple .. Lovin' Spoonful: Daydream 2003
Quaker Sugar Puffs .. Archies: Sugar, Sugar 1990
Quorn .. James Brown: Sex Machine 2000
R >>
Radox Daily Elements .. Morcheeba: The Sea 2006
Ragu Pasta Sauce .. Verdi: Anvil Chorus from 'La Traviata' 2000
Ralph Lauren .. Ben Taylor & Carly Simon: My Romance 2006
Ralph Lauren Polo Black .. Dionne Warwick: Anyone Who Had A Heart 2005
Range Rover Sport .. Out There; Massive Music / Lodewijk Pöttker 2011 watch
Ray-Ban .. Ben Kweller: Make It Up 2007
Red Bull World of Red Bull .. M83; Outro 2012 watch
Red Bull Flugtag .. Ron Goodwin; Those Magnificent Men In Their Flying Machines 2008
Red Bull 2nd Flugtag .. Ron Goodwin: Those Magnificent Men In Their Flying Machines 2006
Red Bull .. Rimsky-Korsakov: Flight of the Bumblebee 2005
Red Bull .. Wagner: Ride Of The Valkyries 2005
Red Square Reloaded .. Hawkwind: Silver Machine 2004
Reebok Easytone - Reflections .. Michael Kadelbach; Specially Commissioned Track 2011 watch
Reebok Zigtech: Lewis Hamilton .. Davina Jones; Zig-e-dy Zig-y-dac 2010 watch
Reebok EasyTone: Better Bum .. Mickey Smid Music Production; Shake It! 2010 watch
Reebok Vector .. Orff: Tanz from Carmina Burana 2003
Remington -S6600 Multi Style Stylist ..The Temptations; Get Ready 2011 watch
Remington Hair Straighteners .. Pink Martini Anna (El Negro Zumbon) 2006
Remy Martin .. FC Kahuna Hayling 2004
Renault Twizy Plug Into The Positive Energy .. David Guetta; The Alphabeat 2012 watch
Renault 4+ .. Trailer Trash Tracys; Wish You Were Red 2012 watch
Renault ZE Range Electric Life .. Aaron; Elizabeths Lullaby 2011 watch
Renault Megane - Drive The Change .. Richard Hawley; Open Up Your Door 2011 watch
Renault - What is Va Va Voom? .. Skeewiff; Light The Fuse 2011 listen
Renault Clio - What Is Va Va Voom? .. Rihanna; S&M (Come On) 2011 watch
Renault Clio - What Is Va Va Voom? .. David Bowie; Space Oddity 2011 watch
Renault Clio - What Is Va Va Voom? .. Clare Maguire; Aint Nobody (Breakage Remix) 2011 watch
Renault Megane .. Charles Trenet; Boum 2010 watch
Renault Clio Only One .. Chesney Hawkes; The One And Only 2010 watch
Renault: Manufacturer of the Year 2009 .. Kasabian; Reason Is Treason 2010 watch
Renault Sport Range .. Kasabian; Reason Is Treason 2010 watch
Renault Twingo: Modern Times .. Sporto Kantes; Whistle 2010 watch
Renault: Drive The Change.. Keane; Somewhere Only We Know 2010 watch
Renault Koleos - 4 by 4 Outside .. Rolling Stones; I'm Free 2008
Renault Megane .. Vivaldi; Summer (III Presto) from The Four Seasons 2008
Renault Twingo .. April March; Chick Habit 2008
Renault Laguna .. Otis Redding; Dock of the Bay 2007
Renault Scenic .. Presidents of The United States of America; Ca Plane Pour Moi 2006
Renault "French and British" .. Nina Simone: Sinner Man 2005
Renault Scenic .. A Skillz & Krafty Kuts: Short Breath 2005
Renault Megane .. Groove: Armada I see you baby (Fatboy Slim radio edit) 2005
Renault Espace .. Jimi Hendrix: All Along The Watchtower 2003
Renault Scenic .. Baha Men; Who Let The Dogs Out 2000 listen
Renault .. Robert Palmer: Johnny and Mary ~ New Zealand
Rennie Dual Action .. Dodgy; Good Enough 2007
Ribena .. Mungo Jerry; In The Summertime 2011 listen
Ribena 100% Pure Juices .. Chris Barber; The Magic Club 2008
Richmond Sausages The Taste That Brings Them Home .. The Molloys; Meet You There 2012 watch
Right Guard .. Daniel Powter; Bad Day 2007
Rightmove.co.uk - Britain Moves .. Ralfe Band; Parkbench Blues 2011 watch
Rightmove.co.uk .. Gracie Fields; If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked A Cake 2007
Rimmel London - Glam Eyes .. Parade; Louder 2011 watch
Rimmel London Lash Accelerator Mascara .. Young Pretender; Sixteen Forever 2010 watch
Rimmel - Lasting Finish Lipstick .. Bedouin Soundclash; Living In Jungles 2007
Rimmel - Lash Maxx Mascara .. Lodge; Piece of Cake 2007
Rimmel - Cool Shine Lipstick .. Bodyrockers; I Like The Way 2006
Rimmel .. Kubb: Wicked Soul 2006
Rimmel - Volume Extend - Sexy Lashes .. Subways: Rock and Roll Queen 2006
Ritz Crackers .. Modern English: 'Melt With You'
Robert Wiseman Dairies Low Fat Milk .. John Travolta/Olivia Newton-John: You're The One That I Want 2007
Robinsons Double Concentrate Juice .. T-Rex; I Love To Boogie 2012 watch
Robinsons Fruit Shoot 100% .. Cyril Stapleton; Pepito 2007
Robinsons Fruit Shoot .. Architecture In Helsinki; Spring 2008 2007
Robinsons Smooth Juice Orange Experience .. Mighty K; Dream 2007
Robinsons Fruit and Barley .. Deerhoof: Blue Cash 2007
Robinsons For Milk .. Steve Miller Band: Abracadabra 2005
Rolling Rock Lager .. Bran Van 3000; Drinkin In LA 1999
Rotary Watches Simply Exceptional .. Saturday Night Gym Club Ft Ellie Walker; I Know 2012 watch
Rover 75 .. High Society Cast: Who Wants To Be A Millionaire 2002
Rover 25 .. Mono: Life in Mono 2002
Royal Air Force .. C-Jags: Paradise Park 2006
Royal Air Force .. Crystal Method: Busy Child 2000
Royal Caribbean International .. Iggy Pop: Lust For Life 2005
Royal Caribbean International Cruises .. Sixpence None The Richer: There She Goes 2004
Royal Mail / Post Office Over 50s Life Insurance..Johan Strauss; Blue Danube Waltz 2010 watch
Royal Mail / Post Office .. Elgar; Pomp And Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2007
Royal Mail / Post Office .. Sam Cooke: You Send Me 2006
Royal Mail / Post Office .. Travis: Love Will Come Through 2004
Ryvita - Goodness Bars .. Bach: Toccata and Fugue 2006
S >>
SAP .. Big Foote Music: 'SAP Handwriting #113'
Saab 9-5 Anything But Ordinary .. New Way; Ana Diaz 2010 watch
Saab 9-3 .. Nina Kinert; Through Your Eyes 2007
Saab Biopower .. Oh Laura; Release Me 2007
Saab 95 .. Aphex Twin; Metal Grating 2006
Saab 93 .. Isley Brothers; Summer Breeze 2005
Saab 93 Sport Saloon .. Chikinki; Ether Radio 2005
Saab .. The Who: 'Pinball Wizard'
Saga: Cruises .. Tony Bennett; I'm Just A Lucky So and So 2012 watch
Sainsburys Bank Credit Card Twice As Nice .. Alice Grant; Rainbow Connection 2012 watch
Sainsburys - Car Insurance .. Ray Conniff & His Orchestra; Walkin And Whistlin 2012 watch
Sainsburys 11 Years of Jamie Oliver .. Faces; Had Me A Real Good Time 2012 listen
Sainsburys - Christmas Panto Feast .. George Formby; Happy Go Lucky Me 2011 watch
Sainsburys - Live Well For Less .. Phil Harris and Bruce Reitherman; The Bare Necessities 2011 watch
Sainsburys - Feed Your Family for £50 .. Ray Conniff Orchestra and Singers; Walkin and Whistlin 2011 watch
Sainsburys - TU Collection .. Etta James; At Last 2011 watch
Sainsburys - Feed Your Family for £50 .. Ray Conniff Orchestra & Singers; Walkin and Whistlin 2011 watch
Sainsburys - Perfect Christmas .. Colne Valley Male Voice Choir - All Through The Night 2010 watch
Sainsburys - Taste the Difference Street Party .. Floyd Cramer: On The Rebound 2010 listen
Sainsburys .. Pearl Bailey; Jingle Bells (Cha Cha) 2005
Sainsburys .. The Polyphonic Spree: 'Reach For The Sun/Light and Day' 2005
Sainsburys Car Insurance .. Jimmy Dean; Big Bad John 2005
Saints Row The Third TV Ad .. LMFAO; Im In Saints Row Trick 2011 watch
Sainsburys Sausages .. Liszt; La Campanella 1993
Samaritans Doodle .. Sufjan Stevens; Redford (For Yia-Yia & Pappou) 2007
Samsung Galaxy Note Its Much More .. Air; Alone in Kyoto 2012 watch
Samsung Galaxy Nexus Calling All Pure Google .. CocoRosie; Japan 2012 watch
Samsung Galaxy SII - It Must Be Love .. Newton Faulkner; It Must Be Love 2011 watch
Samsung Wave - Welcome To More .. Thomas Newman; Arose (From American Beauty) 2010 watch
Samsung 3D LED TV Turn On Tomorrow .. Morgan Van Dam; Trickle 2010 watch
Samsung Monte Phone Facebook .. Delphic; Halcyon 2010 watch
Samsung Jet Ultra Edition .. Deadmau5 feat. Rob Swire; Ghosts n Stuff 2010 watch
Samsung 2View Dual LCD Camera .. Gloria Cycles; Wonderbus 2009 watch
Samsung Genio Touch .. La Roux; Bulletproof 2009 watch
Samsung: Soul Mobile Phone .. Robin Thicke; Magic 2008
Sandels .. Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes; (I've Had) The Time of My Life 2007-10 listen
Sandals .. Lord Tanamo; I'm In the Mood For Ska 2007
Sanex .. Brian Eno; Needles In the Camel's Eye 2005
Santander 123 Account .. Ludovico Einaudi; Primavera 2012 watch
Santander Reward Current Account - Lego Car .. Ludovico Einaudi; Primavera 2011 watch
Santander .. Wild Beasts; Underbelly 2010 watch
Sara Lee .. Lovin' Spoonful: Daydream
Save The Children: No Child Born To Die .. Mystic Chords of Memory; Pi and a Bee 2011 watch
Savlon .. Lonnie Donegan; Does Your Chewing Gum Lose It's Flavour 2010 watch
Schwarzkopf Live Colour XXL Shake It Up Foam .. Metro Station; Shake It 2012 watch
Schweppes- barman .. Spike Jones; Cocktails For Two 2006
Scottish Widows .. Isaac Albeniz's: "Asturias" from Suite Espagnol 2007/8
Scrubs .. Boston; More Than A Feeling 2007
Scrubs Theme .. Lazlo Bane; Superman 2006
SCS .. Tom Jones; What's New Pussycat? 2010 listen
SCS Celebrate .. Kool and the Gang; Celebration 2008
SCS Sofas .. Finley Quaye & William Orbit: Dice 2007
SCS half price sale .. Kool and the Gang; Get Down On It 2007
Sears .. Hives; Well All Right 2008 listen
Seat - Good Stuff Edition .. Shakira; Good Stuff 2010 watch
Seat Ibiza - Cupids .. Cashmeres; Yes, It's True 2010 watch
Seat Altea .. Nursery Rhyme; The Animals Went In Two By Two 2007
Seat Ibiza .. Fatboy Slim; Sho' Nuff 2005
Sega Bayonetta .. La Roux; In For The Kill (Skream's Let's Get Ravey remix) 2010 watch
Sekonda Seksy .. Leona Lewis; The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face 2011 watch
Sekonda - For The Times of Your Life .. Marvin Gaye & Kim Weston; It Takes Two 2011 watch
Sellotape: Robot .. Bill Haley & His Comets; Joeys Song 2011 watch
Setanta: Nationwide Building Society Sponsors England .. Doves; There Goes The Fear 2008
Setanta February Sports .. Hives; Main Offender 2008
Setanta Sports Theme .. ?? remix of an older song ?? watch
Setanta Sports - Barclays Premiership .. Eric Burdon; Good Times 2007 watch
Seven Seas Cod Liver Oil .. BBC; Theme from Captain Pugwash 2006
Sharpie Express Yourself .. The Tender Box; Mister Sister 2010 watch
Sharps Bedrooms - 2 for 1 Offer .. Johan Strauss; Blue Danube Waltz 2006
Sharwoods Coach Trip .. Bill Wells& Maher Shalal Hash Baz; Banned Announcement 2012 watch
Sharwoods .. Village People; Go West 2006
Sheba Cat Food .. Peggy Lee; Fever 2008/2010 watch
Sheba Cat Food .. ????; There You Are 1990s watch
Shell FuelSave Scientists .. Sergey Prokofiev; Peter and the Wolf 2010 watch
Shell .. Orquestra Del Plata; Montserrat 2006
Shredded Wheat SuperFruity .. Little Richard; Tutti Frutti 2011 watch
Shredded Wheat - Top It .. Isley Brothers; It's Your Thing 2011 watch
Siemens .. Matt Monro; This Is The Life 2011 listen
Silentnight .. Feist; Mushaboom 2006
Silverscreen Elvis Presley DVD Collection .. Elvis Presley; Blue Suede Shoes 2005
Simple Kind To Skin Wipes - Paint .. The Noisettes; Wild Young Hearts 2011 watch
Simple Cleansing Facial Wipes - Tears .. Madeleine Peyroux; Don't Cry, Baby 2006
Simply Be - Autumn ad .. special commission 2010 watch
Skins Podcast .. Sam Sparro; Black and Gold 2008
Skoda Fabia vRS .. Soundtree: My Favourite Things 2010 watch
Skoda Superb Estate .. Hal David & John Cacavas Bluebird 2010 listen
Skoda Fabia .. Rodgers and Hammerstein; My Favourite Things 2007 watch
Skoda Octavia 4 x 4 .. Tchaikovsky; Waltz Of The Flowers from The Nutcracker Suite 2005
Sky Football Special .. Tinie Tempah; Written In The Stars 2012 watch
Sky Movies .. Supernaturals; Smile 2012 listen
Sky HD - New Series - January .. Sam & Dave; Hold On! I'm Comin' 2012 watch
Sky Atlantic 2012 Sneak Peek Trailer .. Imelda May; All for You 2012 watch
Sky Sports - Festive Football .. Depeche Mode; Just Can't Get Enough 2011 watch
Sky 3D - January .. Calvin Harris; Feel So Close 2011 listen
Sky - Go .. Speech Debelle; Spinnin' 2011 listen
Sky Darts World Grand Prix .. Kiss; Crazy, Crazy Nights 2011 listen
Sky Sports: La Liga New Season .. Martin Solveig ft Kele; Ready 2 Go 2011 listen .
Sky Sports: Andy Mussray in New York .. Yeah Yeah Yeahs; Yeah! New York 2011 listen .
Sky - Believe In Better .. Caro Emerald; That Man 2011 watch
Sky Sports - Go-Fold .. Basement Jaxx - Do Your Thing 2011 watch
Sky The HD Moment Is Here .. Moloko: The Time Is Now 2011 listen
Sky News - iPad App .. Elbow; Open Arms 2011 watch
Sky - All England Badminton Championships .. House of Pain; Jump Around 2011 listen
Sky HD - TV LineUp Promo 2011 .. Ella Fitzgerald: Sunshine of Your Love 2011 watch or Ella 's full version
Sky Atlantic: Let The Stories Begin .. Florence + The Machine; Howl 2011 watch
Sky Atlantic HD: Dustin Hoffman .. The Cinematic Orchestra; To Build A Home 2011 watch
Sky Sports: 20 Years of Great Days .. Kinks; Days 2011 watch
Sky Movies HD - Christmas 2010 .. Orba Squara; What I Want For Xmas 2010 watch
Sky 3D .. Creature; Who's Hot, Who's Not 2010 listen
Sky Sports New Season 2010/11 Park Game .. Eli Paperboy Reed; Come And Get It 2010 watch
Sky Sport (Eric Cantona) .. Shostakovich; Waltz No. 2 From Jazz Suite No. 2 2010 watch
Sky Soccer Saturday .. James Brown; I Got You (I Feel Good) 2010 listen
Sky Sports New Season 2010/11 Park Game .. Eli Paperboy Reed; Come And Get It 2010 watch
Sky Royal Horse Show .. Jackie Wilson (Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher 2010 listen
Sky May on Sky Sports .. Patrick Hawes; Power Trip 2010 watch
Sky News - Leaders Debate .. Martha Reeves and The Vandellas; Nowhere To Run 2010 listen
Sky NCIS - Los Angeles .. Rage Against The Machine; Killing In The Name Of 2010
Sky James Corden - League of Their Own .. Bellini Casta Diva 2010 watch
Sky+HD Supertelly .. Anthony Newley; Pure Imagination 2010 watch
Sky Sports: Arsenal Vs Manchester United .. Pioneers; Long Shot Kick De Bucket 2010
Sky Golf: South African Tour .. Yello; The Race 2009
Sky Skysongs Launch .. Mott The Hoople; All The Young Young Dudes 2009
Sky Mission Hills World Cup .. Bryan Ferry; Let's Stick Together 2009
Sky Moves - Box Office .. Richard Strauss; Also Sprach Zarathustra (Main theme from 2001) 2009
Sky Movies: Christmas More Magical .. Bjork; It's Oh So Quiet 2009 watch
Sky Movies: Tarantino Takes Over Weekend .. Dick Dale and the Deltones; Misirlou 2009
Sky Movies (HD) .. Yeah Yeah Yeahs; Runaway (Instrumental) 2009
Sky HD .. Max Richter; Vladimir's Blues 2009
Sky 1HD - The Closer You Get .. Cure; Close To Me 2009
Sky Sports: Victory Cup .. Jesus Jones; International Bright Young Thing 2009
Sky Sports - New Football Season .. Temper Trap; Sweet Disposition 2009
Sky Football: Sponsored by Ford .. Kasabian; Club Foot 2009
Sky Sports: New Football Season .. Kasabian; Fast Fuse 2009
Sky Ashes Summer .. Men At Work; Down Under 2009
Sky Play Offs .. Fatboy Slim; Right Here, Right Now 2009
Sky Hay-on-Sky .. Noah and The Whale; Five Years Time 2009
Sky One - Simpsons House Party .. Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons; Beggin' 2009
Sky/Sky Sports: Nationwide Building Society Sponsors England .. Muse; Starlight 2008
Sky Christmas season .. Darlene Love; Christmas (Baby Please Come Home) 2008 watch ad or listen
Sky+ HD promotion .. Ane Brun; True Colours 2008 listen
Sky Bones & Cold Case Promotion .. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds; Red Right Hand 2008
Sky Movies .. Johnny Cash; The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face 2008
Sky Digital, Broadband & Phone .. Aqualung: Good Times Gonna Come 2008
Sky Rugby Superleague .. Frankie Goes To Hollywood; Two Tribes 2008
Sky War Movies Season .. Dire Straits; Brothers In Arms 2007
Sky Carbon Neutral .. Three Dog Night; Joy To The World 2007
Sky Movies - Billboards .. Gene Wilder; Pure Imagination (from Willy Wonka) 2007
Sky War Movies Season .. Dire Straits; Brothers In Arms 2007
Sky Winter Cricket .. Maps; So Low, So High 2007
Sky Sports Saturday .. Elton John; Saturday Night's Alright (For Fighting) 2007
Sky Sports News .. Clint Mansell; Lux Aeterna 2007
Sky Speak, Surf, See .. Cornelius; Micro Disneycal World Tour 2007
Sky Millenium Magic .. Queen; A Kind Of Magic 2007
Sky Darts - Las Vegas Classic .. ZZ Top; Viva Las Vegas 2007
Sky World Matchplay Bowls .. Limp Bizkit; Rollin' (Air Raid Vehicle) 2007
Sky Live From Wembley .. Hubert Parry; Jerusalem 2007
Sky Summer Sports .. Mendelssohn; Wedding March from A Midsummer Night's Dream 2007
Sky Sports: July Preview .. Sylvester; You Make Me Feel 2007
Sky Sports: The "Y" Factor .. Elton John; Step Into Christmas 2006
Sky Sports: Manchester United vs Chelsea .. Electric Light Orchestra; Showdown 2006
Sky Sports: Christmas .. Gene Kelly; Singin' In The Rain 2006
Sky Sports: New Season .. Clint Mansell; Lux Aeterna 2006
Sky 2006-7 Football Season .. The Source ft. Candi Staton; You've Got The Love 2006
Sky Sports : EngXIand Cricket .. Elgar; Nimrod from Enigma Variations 2006
Sky Sports : Weekend Highlights .. Elvis Presley / JXL; A Little Less Conversation 2006
Sky Sports: Cricket .. 10CC; Dreadlock Holiday 2006
Sky Sports: FA Cup Fever .. Peggy Lee; Fever 2006
Sky Sports: November .. Stereophonics; Dakota 2006
Sky Sports: April Preview .. Libera; Locus Iste (Sanctus) 2006
Sky Sports for February 2006 .. Lunatic Calm; Leave You Far Behind 2006
Sky Sports : March Preview .. Stereophonics; Superman 2006
Sky Prem Plus Season Ticket .. Elmer Bernstein; The Great Escape 2006
Sky Soccer Saturday .. Deepest Blue; Shooting Star 2006
Sky Tennis Masters .. Vangelis; Chung Kuo 2006
Sky Superbowl 40 .. Eminem; Lose Yourself 2006
Sky NBA All Star Match .. Smash Mouth; All Star 2006
Sky The Match: Trials .. Dandy Warhols; Bohemian Like You 2006
Sky Darts: Stan James Matchplay .. Arctic Monkeys; I Bet You Look Good On The Dancefloor 2006
Sky FA Youth Cup Final 2006 .. Primal Scream; Movin' On Up 2006
Sky Skateboarder .. Regina Spektor; Us 2006
Sky Hollywood Grand Prix with Vinnie Jones .. Apollo 440; Stop The Rock (Caroline by Status Quo) 2006
Sky Dream Team 80s .. Big Audio Dynamite; Medicine Show 2006
Sky '24' Trailer .. Kasabian; Club Foot 2006
Sky Bones & Cold Case Trailer .. Depeche Mode; Waiting For The Night 2006
Sky The Great British Wedding .. Dixie Cups; Chapel Of Love 2006
Sky Christmas .. Hanson; What Christmas Means To Me 2006
Sky Pick Your Own Mix .. Richard Strauss; Also Sprach Zarathustra (Main theme from 2001) 2006
Sky Lost: 2 series in 1 Episode .. Led Zeppelin; Dazed and Confused 2006
Sky Star Wars Six in a Row .. Real Thing; Can You Feel The Force 2006
Sky Star Wars Six in a Row .. Zero 7; Destiny 2006
Sky Oscar Film Season .. Orchestral Manouevres in the Dark; Souvenir (Moby Remix) 2006
Sky World Cinema .. Chungking; World of A Thousand Suns 2006
Sky Prem Plus Offer .. Hugo Montenegro; The Good, The Bad and The Ugly 2006
Sky Movies .. Peter, Bjorn and John; Young Folks 2007
Sky Movies - From Beginning To End .. Pete Moore; Asteroid (Pearl & Dean Theme) 2007
Sky Movies - Fantastic 4 Multistart .. U2; Vertigo 2006
Sky Movies: Goal! Promo .. Bronski Beat; Smalltown Boy 2006
Sky Movies: First Time Saturday .. New Christy Minstrels; Everybody Loves Saturdy Night 2006
Sky Movies:Summer Season .. Nina Simone; Feeling Good 2005
Sky Movies: Western Season .. Johnny Cash; Don't Take Your Guns to Town 2005
Sky One: Thief .. Animals; House of the Rising Sun 2006
Sky One: Battlestar Galactica .. Magazine; Shot By Both Sides 2006
Sky One: 24 Trailer .. Nina Simone; Feeling Good 2006
Sky One: Over There .. Kaiser Chiefs; Oh My God 2006
Sky One: Weeds .. Bob Dylan: Rainy Day Women #12 & 35 2005
Sky History Channel Subscription .. Verdi; Dies Irae from Requiem Mass 2006
Sleepmasters .. Alison Moyet; Only You 2011 watch
Sleepmasters Half Price Sale .. Brenda Lee; I'm Sorry 2009 watch
Slimfast .. Adam Ant; Goody Two Shoes 2006
SlimFast.. Commodores: 'Brick House'
SlimFast .. Ohio Express: 'Yummy, Yummy, Yummy'
Slimming World .. John Fred and The Playboy Band; Judy In Disguise (With Glasses) 2005
Smart ForTwo .. Stomax; Midnight Mutations 2010 watch
Smart For four .. Johnston Brothers; Hernando's Hideaway 2005
Smirnoff Anthem .. Susanna & the Magical Orchestra; Crazy, Crazy Nights 2011 watch
Smirnoff: Purified .. composed by Peter Raeburn of Soundtree Studios; Latinate Chant 2008
Smirnoff Extraordinary Purification .. composed by Peter Raeburn of Soundtree Studios; Celebrare 2007
Smirnoff Ice .. Quarashi; Copycat 2005
Smirnoff .. Transglobal; Underground Rude Buddah 2004
Smirnoff .. Walter Murphy & the Big Apple Band; A Fifth of Beethoven 2004
SodaStream Busy With The Fizzy .. Harry Nilsson; Without You 2010 listen
Sony - 2 Worlds .. music by Clint Mansell / Leonard Cohen; Thats What I Heard You Say 2011 watch
Sony Ericsson Xperia Ray - 20:22 Moment .. Mothersmilk Studios; Specially Commissioned Track 2011 watch
Sony Bravia IPTV: Television Redefined .. Magnetic Man Ft. Katy B; Crossover-Special Version 2011 watch
Sony VAT back A Christmas Carol .. Lang Lang with The London Metropolitan Orchestra Commissioned 2010 watch
Sony 3D HD TV .. Ferdinand Herold; La Fille Mal Gardee/Act 1 - 17a. Clog Dance 2010 watch
Sony Bravia Televisions Football at Home .. Glasvegas; Geraldine 2010 watch
Sony TV World Cup Trade In .. Glasvegas; Geraldine 2010 watch
Sony Internet Television FIFA 2010 World Cup Collection .. Simple World; Jonathan Elias 2010 watch
Sony Bravia TVs Rockstars .. AC/DC; Thunderstruck 2010 watch
Sony - Cyber Shot Camera .. Paloma Faith; Upside Down 2010 watch
Sony Center - Christmas Make Believe .. Miike Snow; Black and Blue 2009
Sony - Formula 1 sponsor ad .. Def Leppard; Rocket 2008 listen
Sony Ericsson W910: Walkman ..Pink Enemy Remix of Pop Levi: Dita Dimone 2008 listen
Sony - Shoot in HD .. Justice vs Simian; We Are Your Friends 2007
Sony Ericsson W910i .. Edu K; Gatas Gatas Gatas 2007
Sony Blu-ray Disk HD1080 .. Ludovico Einaudi; Primavera 2007
Sony Ericsson W910i .. Blue King Brown; Come n Check Your Head 2007
Sony Ericsson W910i .. Cazals; Life Is Boring 2007
Sony Bravia .. Rolling Stones; She's A Rainbow 2007
Sony Bravia TVs .. Jose Gonzales; Heartbeats 2007
Sony Playstation - UEFA Champions League .. Heavy; No Time 2009 watch
Sony Playstation 3 (PS3) Launch .. Nino Rota; Amarcord 2007
Sony Singstar Legends .. Jackson Five; I Want You Back 2006
Sony Ericsson Walkman Phone Collection .. Holiday For Strings; Jump On Foot 2006
Sony Bravia .. Rossini; La Gazza Ladra Overture (The Thieving Magpie) 2006
Sony Ericsson K800i Cyber-Shot Phone .. Black Keys; Girl Is On My Mind 2006
Sony Singstar Rocks for PS2 .. Blur; Song 2 2006
Sony Ericsson Walkman Phones .. Velvet Revolver Dirty; Little Thing 2005
Sony Ericsson Walkman Phones .. Clash; I Fought The Law 2005
Sony .. Lionrock; Rude Boy Rock 2000
Sony .. Aerosmith: 'The Grind'
Sourz Spirited Raspberry: Six OClock .. Rage Music; Commissioned Track 2011 watch
Southern Comfort SoCo & Lime .. Luxembourg Brothers; Usual Suspects 2007
Southern Comfort .. Tripping Daisy; New Plains of Medicine 2003
Space.NK .. Hanne Hukkelberg; Searching 2006
Specsavers: Specs Effect .. Globus Preliator 2010 watch
Specsavers: Free Reactions .. Barry Gray; Thunderbirds 2008
Specsavers: Sheep Shearing .. Una Palliser; Mo Ghile Mear 2008
Specsavers .. Edith Piaf; Non Je Ne Regrette Rien (No Regrets) 2008
Specsavers .. Cinematic Orchestra; To Build A Home 2007
Specsavers 2 for 1 .. Hedrex; Dreamboat 2 2006
Spec Savers .. Claude Vasori: "Folk Guitar" 2005
Sprite .. Brothomstates; Adozenaday 2002
St Bruno Tobacco .. Elgar; Nimrod from Enigma Variations 1993
St. Ivel Advance .. Harry McLintock; Big Rock Candy Mountain 2005
St. Ivel .. John Travolta and Olivia Newton-John; You're The One That I Want 2000
Stagecoach .. Elgar; Pomp And Circumstance March No. 1 (Land Of Hope And Glory) 2007
Standard Life insurance .. Black; Wonderful life 1994
Starbucks (Hank!) .. Gary Glitter; 'Rock and Roll Part 2'
Stella Artois: Ice Lounge .. Stella Artois French special; 12 Jour De Noel(12 days of Christmas) 2010 watch
Stella Artois .. Brigitte Bardot; Ne Me Laisse Pas L'Aimer 2010 watch
Stella Artois .. Clara Rockmore; Valse Sentimentale 2006
Stella Artois .. Liszt; Hungarian Rhapsody #2 2005
Stella McCartney - Stella .. Scout Niblett; Kidnapped By Neptune 2007
Storey Carpets .. Katrina and the Waves; Walking on Sunshine 2006
Stop Smoking Ad .. Nina Simone: 'Ain't Got No (I Got Life)' ~ UK
Strand Cigarettes .. Cliff Adams; Lonely Man Theme 1959
Strongbow Cider .. 2 Unlimited; Get Ready For This 2006
Strongbow Cider .. Deep Purple; Smoke on the Water 1997
Subway .. Red Rat; Shake That Rump 2007
Subaru .. Kansas: 'Dust in the Wind'
Subaru .. Sheryl Crow: 'Everyday is a Winding Road'
Sun Bingo .. Graffiti6; Stare into the Sun 2010 watch
The Sun Newspaper under 'T'
Sunsilk .. John Paul Young; Love is in the Air 2006
Superdrug .. Scouting For Girls; She's So Lovely 2011 listen
Sure For Men - Iceskater .. TDL; Feel The Forces 2011 watch
Sure Deodorant: 48 Hour Protection .. Alexandra Burke; All Night Long 2010 watch
Sure Deodorant: SureMen Last 8 Sweepstake .. Julius La Rosa; Eh, Cumpari! 2010 watch
Sure Deodorant: upside down roll-on .. Gabriella Cilmi; Sweet About Me 2008 watch
Sure Biorhythms .. Elmo; All My Life 2007
Sure Crystal .. Aaron Lacrate ft Da Kidz; Kidstuff 2007
Sure Deodorant - Sport .. The Bees; Payback 2007
Sure Deodorant .. Jack Keller and Howard Greenfield; Theme from Bewitched 2006
Sure For Men .. Xavier Cugat; Yo Quiero un Mambo 2005
Surf with Essential Oils Trampoline .. Yellowhammer ft Claire Nicolson You and I (only on a promo cd) 2010
Surf Essential Oils .. Alice Russell; Sweet Is The Air 2007
Surf Small and Mighty .. Patience and Prudence; Dreamers Bay 2007
Surf Irresistable Fragrance .. Swansway; Illuminations 2006
Surf Tropical .. Yma Sumac; Wimoweh 2005
Suzuki Swift Designed For Life .. Bang and Buller; Rock and Roll Sky 2010 watch
Suzuki SX4 .. Kula Shaker; Hush 2006
Suzuki Grand Vitara .. David Mills and Ian Wilson; What a Wonderful World 2006
Suzuki Grand Vitara .. Mooney Suzuki; Alive and Amplified 2005
Swatch Colour Codes .. Band of Skulls; I Know What I Am 2010 watch
Swatch .. Midge Ure; Breathe 2000 watch
Swifer .. It Devo: 'Whip'
Swiftcover.com Get A Life .. Baha Men; Who Let The Dogs Out? 2012 watch
Switch / Maestro .. Manhattan Transfer; Chanson D'Amour 2003
Switch / Maestro .. Renee and Renato; Save Your Love 2002
Sylvania .. The Who: 'I Can See For Miles'
T >>
TK Maxx - Big Labels, Small Prices.. Alex Winston; Choice Notes 2011 watch
T K Maxx Daily Deliveries .. Junior Walker and The All Stars; Roadrunner 2008
T K Maxx Big Value at Small Prices .. Zoe Lewis; Small Is Tremendous 2007
T K Maxx .. Fats Waller; Have A Little Dream On Me 2007
T K Maxx .. John Williams; Carol of the Bells 2006
T K Maxx .. Zongamin; Tunnel Music 2006
T-Mobile What Britain Loves .. Dizzee Rascal and Armand Van Helden; Bonkers 2012 watch
T-Mobile - Parking Ticket .. Klaus Badelt; Door of Destiny 2011 watch
T-Mobile Youfix - Parking Tickets .. Dire Straits; Money For Nothing 2011 watch
T-Mobile Heathrow Terminal 5 : Welcome Back .. Mel Tormé - Comin Home Baby; Mark Morrison - Return of the Mack; Iggy Pop - The Passenger; Thin Lizzy - Boys are Back In Town; Kaiser Chiefs Oh My God; Aretha Franklin with George Michael I Knew You Were Waiting (for me); Peters And Lee Welcome Home 2010 watch
T- Mobile .. Josh's Band; Come With Me 2010 watch
T- Mobile; Broadband campaign .. Kelly Stolt; Lets Get Out Tonight 2008/9 watch
T- Mobile; Flext campaign .. Vashti Bunyan; Diamond Day 2008 watch
T- Mobile; Favourite People .. Blood Sweat and Tears; Spinning Wheel 2007 watch
T- Mobile; Text Your Head Off .. Claude Von Stroke; The Whistler 2007 watch
T- Mobile; Web 'n' Walk .. I'm From Barcelona; Collection Of Stamps 2007 watch
T- Mobile; (moving houses) .. Arthur Russell; This is How We Walk On The Moon 2007 watch
T- Mobile; Web 'n' Walk .. Robbie Williams; Tripping 2006
T- Mobile Everyone .. Bedouin Soundclash; When The Night Feels My Song 2006
T- Mobile; Mates Rates Promotion .. Goldfrapp; Ooh La La 2005
T- Mobile; Rolling Stones 40 Licks Tour .. Rolling Stones; You Got Me Rocking 2003
T- Mobile .. Def Leppard; Pour Some Sugar on Me 2002
T-Mobile .. Royksopp: So Easy 2002
Take 2 Interactive The Darkness .. Marilyn Manson; Cruci-Fiction In Space 2007
Take A Break .. Village People; YMCA 2006
TalkTalk - A Brighter Home For Everyone .. Righteous Brothers; Unchained Melody 2011 watch
Talk Talk .. The Box Tops; Neon Rainbow 2009 watch
Talk Talk: When Will You Join? .. Primal Scream; Come Together 2008 watch
Talk Talk .. Hayley Sanderson; Something In The Air 2006 watch
Talksport World Cup 2006 Coverage .. Talksport Allstars; We're England (Tom Hark) 2006
Tango Dancing Granny .. Lomax; Praise 2010 watch
Tropicana Awake To Alive .. The Cinematic Orchestra; Transformation 2012 watch
Target Department Store .. Petula Clark: "A Sign Of The Times" 1999
Target Department Store .. Roy Orbison: 'You Got It'
Tees Valley Beef Meatballs Small Farmers, Big Taste! .. Commissioned; In The Country 2012 watch
Teletext - Holidays .. Lindsey Buckingham; Holiday Road 2011 watch
Teletext - "Blah blah blah" .. Trio; Da Da Da 2007
Telewest .. Elmo Tanner & Ted Weems Orchestra; Heartaches 2006
Telewest Teleport .. Flying Lizards; Money 2005
Tena Lady .. Bobby Hebb; Sunny 2010 watch
Tena Pants .. KC and the Sunshine Band; (Shake Shake Shake) Shake Your Booty 2010
Tennents Lager .. Screamin' Jay Hawkins; I Put A Spell On You 2005
Tennents Lager .. Big Country; One Great Thing 1989
Tennents Pilsner .. Simple Minds; Alive and Kicking 1983
Terrys Chocolate Orange - Love It To Bits .. Kenny Graham and His Satellites; Sunbeam 2010 watch
Terrys All Gold - Imagine .. Tavares; Heaven Must Be Missing An Angel 2002
Terrys .. Hazel O' Connor; Will You 2000
Terrys .. Tchaikovsky; Chinese Dance 2000
Tesco F&F Florence + Fred Glide .. Cut Copy; Feel The Love 2012 watch
Tesco - Christmas 2011 .. The Pogues and Kirsty MacColl; Fairytale of New York 2011 watch
Tesco Mobile: Sponsors .. Warren Hamilton; Big Team 2010 watch
Tesco: F & F Country Cricket .. MoZella; Magic (Oh Oh Oh) 2010 watch
Tesco: Muscular Dystrophy Campaign .. Cherry Ghost; People Help The People 2010 watch
Tesco: Christmas with the Spice Girls .. Bing Crosby; Santa Claus Is Coming To Town 2007
Tesco: F & F Fashions .. Hanne Hukkelberg; Boble 2007
Tesco: Back To School .. Richard Hayman; Children's Marching Song (Nick Nack Paddy Whack) 2007
Tesco .. Camera Obscura; Country Mile 2007
Tesco: Florence & Fred - Red Dress .. Delfonics; Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time) 2006
Tesco .. Terry Hall & The Colourfield; Windmills of Your Mind 2006
Tesco: Cherokee Kids .. Jamelia; Superstar 2006
Tetley Tea - Tea Folk Singing .. Tetley Tea Folk; Just the Way You Are 2011 watch
Tetley Tea - For Everyone .. Victor Mizzy; Addams Family (Main Theme from TV Series) 2007
Tetley .. Gerry and the Pacemakers; You'll Never Walk Alone 2000
Tetley's Bitter .. Vive La Fete; Maquillage 2006
TGI Fridays .. The Scorpions: 'Rock You Like a Hurricane'
The Bed Shed Sale .. Crew Cuts; Sh-Boom (Life Could Be A Dream) 2006
The Daily Express: Sixties CD Promotion .. Foundations; Build Me Up Buttercup 2005
The Mail on Sunday: Travis CD Promotion .. Travis; Flowers In The Window 2007
The Mail on Sunday: .. Frankie Goes To Hollywood; Two Tribes 2007
The Mail on Sunday: Planet Earth by Prince - Free Cd .. Prince; Guitar 2007
The Daily Mail: World At War Promotion .. Carl Davis; World At War: Main Theme 2007
The Daily Star: Ramones CD Promo .. Ramones; Do You Wanna Dance 2007
The Daily Star: Best of Echo & The Bunnymen Promo .. Echo & The Bunnymen; Back Of Love 2007
The Daily Star: Best of Happy Mondays Promo .. Happy Mondays; Step On 2007
The People .. Iggy Pop; Lust For Life 2000
The Sun .. Vangelis; Chariots of Fire 2012 watch
The Sun: Bingo .. Graffiti6; Stare into the Sun 2010 watch
The Sun: World Cup - Maybe .. Terry Venables; If I Can Dream 2010 watch
The Sun: Bingo .. Tony Christie; (Is This the Way To) Amarillo? 2008
The Sun: Bingo .. Ottawan: D.I.S.C.O. 2007
The Sun: 24-7 Football .. Richard Strauss; Also Sprach Zarathustra (Main theme from 2001) 2007
The Sun: Football .. Subways; Oh Yeah 2007
The Sun: £9.50 Holidays .. Reginald Dixon; I Do Like To Be Beside The Seaside 2006
The Sun: World Cup Go For Goals Pullout .. Elgar; Pomp And Circumstance March No.1 (Land Of Hope 7 Glory) 2006
The Times/Sunday Times: iPad App .. Speech Debelle; Spinnin' 2011 watch
The Times: Budget Special .. Flying Lizards; Money 2010 listen
The Times: Talk Radio DVD Promotion .. George Thorogood & the Destroyers; Bad To The Bone 2007
The Times: The Game .. Don Lusher; Carnaby Chick 2005
The Zoo: Australian TV series .. "Hippo Rhino" 2011 watch
Think Bingo: Bubble Bath .. 'I know where all the girls go' song made for the ad, not yet available
Thierry Mugler Angel Eva Mendes .. Eva Mendes; The Windmills of Your Mind 2011 watch
Thinkbox Dogs Home .. Bachman-Turner Overdrive; You Aint Seen Nothing Yet 2010 watch
Thomson Holidays New Version .. Sunday Girl (with Guy Farley) Where Is My Mind? 2012 watch
Thomson Holidays - Time For A Holiday? .. Guy Farley; Where Is My Mind? 2011 watch
Thomson Holidays .. Joey Ramone; What a Wonderful World 2012 watch
Thomas Cook Ultimate Holiday .. Morcheeba; The Sea 2009
Thomas Cook Bank Holiday Appeal; Dinah Washington; What A Difference A Day Makes 2008
Thomson Holidays .. Guy Farley (instrumental); Where Is My Mind? 2011 watch
Thomson Holidays .. Beach Boys; Good Vibrations 2010 watch
Thomson Holidays .. Fatboy Slim; Praise You 2007
Thomson Local Directory .. Creation; Biff Bang Pow 2005
Thorntons Chocolates .. Francesco de Mase & A. Alessandroni; Tema Di Oscar 2002
Thorntons .. Moby; Everloving 2000
The One .. Olivia Newton John; You Better Shape Up 2007
Thresher .. Pachelbel; Canon 1993
Tia Lusso .. Ils; No Soul (PMT Remix) 2002
Timberland Earthkeepers .. Sons & Daughters; Gilt Complex 2011 watch
Timberland Mountain Athletics .. Noisettes; Don't Give It Up 2010 watch
Timberland - This is Your Podium .. John Murphy Escaping The Icarus 11 2008
TNT 'The Closer' drama series .. Bill Withers; Ain't No Sunshine 2008
Tombola We Are Tombola .. Ash Koley; Dont Let Your Feet Touch Ground 2011 watch
Tombola - Fairground Bingo .. Marisol; Tombola 2008
Thorpe Park .. You Me At Six; The Swarm 2012 watch
Toshiba - Leading Innovation .. Vitalic; Trahison 2008
Toshiba Nicam TV .. Arthur Askey; The Thing Ummy Bob (That's Going To Win The War) 1996
Toshiba .. Vivian Stanshall; Terry Keeps His Clips On 1991
Total Greek Yoghurt - Yum No Fat .. Hayden Parsey; Dance of the Hours (Arrangement) 2011 watch
Total Greek Yoghurt .. Duncan Wisbey; Any Little Fish 2010 watch
Tous H2O Jewel of Solidarity - Perfume of Life .. OperaBabes; Lakmé H2O (Flower Duet) 2011 watch
Toyota Hybrid Cars .. Empire of the Sun; Walking On A Dream 2011 watch
Toyota Yaris - Treat It With Respect .. Supergrass; Pumping On Your Stereo 2011 watch
Toyota Cars Feel Good Driving .. Free Design; Love You 2010 watch
Toyota Rav4 .. AIM; Demonique 2006
Toyota Yaris - BigSmall .. Mando Ranks; Bring It 2006
Toyota Corolla .. Peter Gabriel; The Feeling Begins 2005
Toyota Verso .. Crosby, Stills and Nash; Teach Your Children 2005
Toyota RAV4 .. Prince Buster; Madness 2001
Toyota .. Billy Fury; Wondrous Place 2000
Toyota .. Jimi Hendrix; Voodoo Child (Slight Return) 2000
Toyota .. Iggy Pop; The Passenger 2000
Toyota .. Curtis Mayfield: 'Move On Up'
Toys R Us - Christmas 2011 .. Specially Recorded; Im a Toys R Us Kid 2011 watch
Trainline.com - Choo Choo Choose .. Black Lace; Do The Conga 2011 listen
Travelodge - Teddy Bears Holiday .. Mamas & The Papas; Go Where You Wanna Go 2011 watch
Travelocity .. Lionel Richie; Stuck On You 2005
Trident Gum .. Crimea: Loop A Loop 2008
Triumph Shape Sensation .. April Stevens; Teach Me Tiger 2012 watch
Trivago - Same Hotel, Two Prices .. Kosheen; All In My Head (version) 2011 watch
Trebor Soft Mints .. Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel; Mr Soft 1987
Tresemme: Flawless Curls .. Jamie Leonhart; written especially for the ad 2008 . watch
Tresemme .. Il Divo; Without You (Desde el Dia Que Te Fuiste) 2006
Tropicana: Doesnt Just Grow On Trees .. Novos Baianos; Besta é Tu 2011 watch
Tropicana Premium Fruit Juice: San Francisco Breakfast .. Doobie Brothers; Listen To The Music 2010 watch
Tropicana: Chefs .. Kay Starr; It's A Good Day 2009 watch
Tropicana Smoothies .. Nina Wall; Catch A Falling Star 2008
Tropicana .. Gene Kelly & Debbie Reynolds; Good Morning 2008
Tropicana .. Nouvelle Vague; Just Can't Get Enough 2007
Tunnocks Dark Chocolate.. Tchaikovsky; Chinese Dance 2010
TV Licensing .. Ninette; Push A Little Button 2010 watch
TV Licensing .. Specials; Message To You Rudy 2005
Twinings Gets Back to You .. Lissie; Go Your Own Way 2012 watch
Twinings - Gets You Back To You .. Charlene Soraia; Wherever You Will Go 2011 watch
Twinings Herbal Teas .. Ben Vella and Barney Freeman; Good As New 2010 watch
Twinings Classic Tea - Everyday .. Love Band; Mmm 2009 watch
Typhoo .. Herman's Hermits; I'm Into Something Good 2000
U >>
U.B.S: We Will Not Rest .. Maria Callas; O Mio Bambino Caro 2010 watch
Ubisoft Assassins Creed Revelations .. Woodkid; Iron 2011 watch .
Ubisoft Assassins Creed - Brotherhood .. Tinie Tempah; Pass out 2010 watch
Ubisoft Wii Just Dance .. Katy Perry; Hot n Cold 2009 watch
Ubisoft Assassin's Creed for Playstation 3 .. UNKLE; Lonely Souls ft Richard Ashcroft 2008
Ubisoft Assassin's Creed for Playstation 3 .. Massive Attack; Teardrop 2007
UEFA Anthem was performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and sung by the Academy of St. Martin in the Fields Chorus. Composer Tony Britten ...This song is an alternative to Handel's coronation anthem, "Zadok the Priest".
Lyrics
Ceux sont les meilleurs equipes,
Sie sind die allerbesten Mannschaften
The main event
Die Meister, Die Besten, Les Grandes Equipes, The Champions
Une grande reunion
Die Meister, Die Besten, Les Grandes Equipes, The Champions
Die Meister, Die Besten, Les Grandes Equipes, The Champions
UEFA Champions League .. James: I Know What I'm Here For 2007
UEFA Champions League Coverage .. Primal Scream; Country Girl 2006
UEFA Champions League .. Sebastien Tellier; La Ritournelle 2006
UEFA European Cup Theme .. Handel: "Zadok the Priest" 2004
UEFA European Cup 1996 Theme .. Beethoven: Ode To Joy from Symphony No 9 1996
There are more UEFA ads under Channel 5
UK Government directgov.co.uk .. Madness; It Must Be Love 2010 watch
UK Government Food Standards Agency .. Three Degrees; When Will I See You Again 2006
UK Government Safe Sex Promotion .. Isaac Hayes; Theme From Shaft 2003
UK Gov Teacher Training Association .. Disney; Heigh Ho (The Dwarves Marching Song from Snow White) 2003
UK Government Domestic Abuse .. Charlie Rich; Behind Closed Doors 2001
UK Government MMR Jab .. Lisa Gerrard; Sanvean 1999
UK Government Energy Efficiency .. Landscape; Einstein A Go-Go
UK Government Power Surges .. Lou Christie; Lightning Strikes
UK TV Supernatural .. Appollo 440; Magick 2007
UK TV Style - Extreme Makeover .. The Cure and The Cause; Fish Go Deep 2006
UK TV Gold: Kitchen Showdown .. Rolling Stones; Satisfaction 2006
UK TV Carry On Weekend of "Big Titters" .. Pussycat Dolls; Beep 2006
UK TV Supernatural .. Klaxons; Don't Fear The Reaper 2006
Umbro World Cup Tailored By England .. Commissioned Version; United Kingdom National Anthem 2010 watch
Uncle Ben's Rispinos .. Etta James; My Dearest Darling 2001
Universal Orlando .. Cheap Trick: 'Surrender'
UPS .. Dean Martin; That's Amore 2011 watch
US Navy .. Godsmack: 'Awake'
Valentino Valentina Fragrance .. Paolo Conte; Via Con Me 2011 watch
Vaseline Intensive Care Lotion .. Bobby Vee; 'Take Good Care of My Baby'
Vauxhall - Football .. Noel Gallaghers High Flying Birds - Aka
What A Life! 2011 watch .
Vauxhall Corsa - Graffiti .. Goldfrapp; Ooh La La 2011 watch
Vauxhall Lifetime Warranty .. Feeder; Pushing the Senses 2010 watch .
Vauxhall Meriva .. Ingrid Michaelson; Be OK 2010 watch
Vauxhall Corsa .. Gnarls Barkley; Run 2010 watch
Vauxhall Meriva / Zafira .. Sonics; Don't You Just Know It 2008 watch
Vauxhall Meriva / Zafira .. Brother Bones and His Shadows; Sweet Georgia Brown 2008 watch
Vauxhall Tigra: America's Next Top Model .. Spirit Studios provides music 2008 listen
Vauxhall Vectra LS .. Miracles; Love Machine 2008 listen
Vauxhall Zafira / Meriva .. Huey 'Piano' Smith and His Clowns; Don't You Just Know It 2008
Vauxhall Ecoflex .. Louis Armstrong What a Wonderful World 2007
Vauxhall Antara .. Isaac Hayes; Run Fay Run 2007
Vauxhall Astra .. Panoramic .. Marcos Valle; Crickets Sing for Anamaria 2007
Vauxhall Astra .. Bobby Darin; Don't Rain On My Parade 2006
Vauxhall Astra / Tigra .. Lonnie Donegan; Rock Island Line 2006
Vauxhall .. Peter Gabriel Sledgehammer 2000
Verizon Wireless .. The Beatles: 'All Together Now' ~ 2002
Very.co.uk - Holly & Fearne Take On Santa .. Specially Recorded; Anything You Can Do 2011 watch
Very.co.uk Wardrobe for all Seasons .. The Quik; Berts Apple Crumble 2010 watch .
Very.co.uk - Discover Spring .. Eliza Doolittle; Skinny Genes 2010 watch .
Very.co.uk .. Louis Armstrong; 'Zat You Santa Claus? 2009 watch
Vicks VapoRub - Sleeptight .. Shirley Temple; Goodnight My Love 2011 watch
Vicks Sinex .. Nouvelle Vague; I Melt With You 2009
Vick's Cough Syrup .. Nick Drake From The Morning 2008 watch
Vicks Medinite Complete & Daymed - Hugs .. Dragonette; Get Lucky 2007/2008
Vick's First Defence .. Dawn Landes; I'm A Believer 2007
Vimto .. Box Bottom; Bounce n Boom 2011 watch
Virgin Money 40 Years of Better .. Daft Punk; Outlands + Mike Oldfield; Tubular Bells Part 1 2012 watch
Virgin Holidays Best Of Rockstar Service Sale .. Radio FreQ; Where You Been? 2012 watch
Virgin Media - Exciting Place to Live .. Dan Black; Symphonies 2011 watch
Virgin Atlantic Got It .. Muse; Feeling Good 2010 watch
Virgin Holidays Rockstar Service .. Radio FreQ; Where You Been? 2010 watch
Virgin Holidays .. David Rose; The Stripper 2010 watch
Virgin Media .. Mazzy Star; Into Dust 2009 watch
Virgin Trains - Bumbling Ed.. Europe; The Final Countdown 2009 watch
Virgin Trains - Booty Train.. ABC; Look Of Love 2009 watch
Virgin Atlantic - Flat Bed Suite .. Bee Gees How Deep Is Your Love? 2009 watch
Virgin Atlantic - 25 Years .. Frankie Goes To Hollywood Relax 2009 watch
Virgin Holidays - I Want The World .. Charlotte Church I Want It Now (From Willy Wonka) 2008 watch
Virgin Holidays: Orlando - Florida .. Supergrass; Alright 2008 watch
Virgin 1 Channel Launch .. Enemy; You're Not Alone 2007
Virgin On Demand - Reality .. No Doubt; Just A Girl 2007
Virgin Trains .. Max Greger; Big Train 2007 watch
Virgin On Demand .. Foo Fighters; Learn To Fly 2007
Virgin Radio .. Free; All Right Now 2005
Visa Golden Space Usain Bolt vs London .. Ocean Colour Scene; Hundred Mile High City 2012 watch
Visa - London 2012 .. The Courteeners; Take Over The World 2011 watch
Visa Card: Football running man.. Pixies; Isla De Encanta 2010 watch
Visa Card: Life Flows Better .. Don Thomas; Come On Train (Ian Parton Remix) 2009 watch
Visa Card: Running man.. Whitey; Non Stop 2008 watch
Visa Card .. Obi; Somewhere Nicer 2007 watch
Vision Express Well See You Right .. Waterfall; (Stone Roses cover) 2012 watch
Visit Scotland: the creative year .. commissioned; Paul Mounsey based on "North" album Nahoo Too 2012 watch
Visit Wales: Piers Bramhalls Proper Holiday .. Islet; Ringerz 2012 watch
Visit Morocco: The Country That Travels Within You .. Yann Destal; Specially Recorded 2011 watch
Visit Scotland: Perfect Day .. Waterboys; Fisherman's Blues 2009 watch
VO5 Extreme Style - The Pliktisijiteur Pageant .. The BossHoss; Word Up 2011 watch
VO5 Assembly Line .. Example; Kickstarts 2010 watch
VO5 Extreme Style Headless .. Chromeo; Fancy Footwork 2010
VO5 Styling Army Recruits .. Santogold; Creator vs Switch & Freq Nasty 2008
Vodafone .. justtextgiving .. Two Door Cinema Club; Something Good Can Work 2011 listen
Vodafone .. Bryan Ferry; The In Crowd 2010 listen
Vodafone Network Couples .. Jamie Cullum; Im All Over It 2010 watch
Vodafone .. Tony Bennett & Celine Dion; If I Ruled The World 2009 watch
Vodafone Freedom Pack .. Tom Jones; If I Ruled The World 2009 watch
Vodafone Freedom Pack .. James Brown; If I Ruled The World 2009 watch
Vodafone .. Roger Whittaker; Mexican Whistler 2008
Vodafone .. Pearl And The Puppets; Because I Do 2008 watch
Vodafone Mobile Email Rabbit .. Delibes; Coppelia - Act I: Valse Lente 2008 watch
Vodafone Airport Chaos .. Mel Torme; Comin' Home Baby 2007
Vodafone Christmas .. Anita O' Day; A Nightingale Sang In Berkely Square 2007
Vodafone .. Labi Siffre; It Must Be Love 2007
Vodafone .. Nancy Sinatra The End (Of The Raindow) 2007
Vodafone The Internet Is Mobile .. Disney Little April Shower (from Bambi) 2007
Vodafone .. Regina Spektor Hotel Song 2007
Vodafone .. Jon Brion Theme from Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind 2006
Vodafone Family .. Bell X1 Another Girl, Another Planet 2006
Vodafone .. Only Ones Another Girl, Another Planet 2006
Vodafone .. Dandy Warhols: Bohemian Like You 2002
Volkswagen Up .. Baba Brooks; Portrait of My Love 2012 watch
Volkswagen Blue Motion .. Tiziano Lamberti; Wouldnt It Be Nice 2011 watch
Volkswagen - New Golf Cabriolet .. The Kinks; Days 2011 watch
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles - 60 Years .. The Beach Boys; God Only Knows 2011 watch
Volkswagen Passat .. John Williams; Imperial March from The Empire Strikes Back 2011 watch
Volkswagen Polo - Last Tango in Compton .. Roc C Feat. Oh No & Pok Dogg; Dont Stop 2010 watch
Volkswagen Polo .. Pink; Bad Influence 2009 watch
Volkswagen Golf .. Jeans Team & MJ Lan Keine Melodien 2009 watch
Volkswagen Passat: Extraordinary But Real .. Ferdinando Arno ft. Sandy Chambers; Gardener 2008 watch
Volkswagen Golf .. Paul Hartnoll; Gob Smack 2008
Volkswagen Polo (singing dog) .. Charlie Winston ; I'm A Man 2008
Volkswagen Polo .. Spencer Davis Group I'm A Man .. 2008 watch
Volkswagen Tiguan .. Andrew Weatherall; Feathers 2008
Volkswagen Beetle .. Devendra Banhart Santa Maria De Feira 2007
Volkswagen Golf .. Cliff Martinez Don't Blow It 2007
Volkswagen Golf .. Adrian Sutton's cover of; The Great Pretender 2007
Volkswagen .. Mint Royale; Singing In The Rain 2006
Volkswagen Convertible .. Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) Mr Blue Sky 2002
Volkswagen .. Styx: 'Mr. Roboto'
Volvo S60 T3 R-Design - Tarot .. Ástor Piazzolla; Libertango 2011 watch
Volvo C30 .. Puccini; Oh Mio Babbino Caro from Gianni Schicch /&/ Petter; Slag Under Baltet 2010 watch
Volvo C70 .. Miss Li; Oh Boy 2010 watch
Volvo C30 (Design Creates Debate) .. Baikonour; Hoko To Shin Ken 2008
Volvo XC70 .. Roy Orbison; Only The Lonely 2008
Volvo V70; Perfect Afternoon .. Nina Nastasia; Our Day Trip 2008
Volvo XC70 .. Traditional Wheels On The Bus 2007
Volvo S40 .. Fats Waller When Somebody Thinks You're Wonderful 1999
Volvo .. Donovan: 'Catch The Wind'
Vonage .. Rock-A-Teens: 'Woo Hoo'
Wachovia: AG Edwards .. Jon Darling; Lunatics 2008 watch
Waitrose - School of Christmas Magic .. Special Arrangement; Carol of the Bells 2011 watch
Waitrose - Love food, Love Life .. Mumm-ra; Shes Got You High? 2011 watch
Waitrose Price Match .. Dave Brubeck Quartet; Take Five 2010 watch
Waitrose The Only Place To Be This Christmas .. Camilla Kerslake; How Can I Keep From Singing 2009 watch
Waitrose Christmas Food .. Libera; How Can I Keep From Singing (album:Eternal/The Best of Libera) 2008 watch
Waitrose Christmas Food .. John Paul Young; Love Is In The Air 2008 watch
Waitrose quality food (picnic ad) .. Canned Heat; Going up the Country 2008 watch
Waitrose Christmas Food .. John Paul Young; Love Is In The Air 2007 watch
Waitrose Beef Farmers .. Elvis Presley; Love Me Tender 2007 watch
Waitrose Sustainable Fishing .. Mills Brothers: Some of These Days 2007
Waitrose Masters of Wine .. Carmel: More, More, More 2007
Waitrose .. Leo Sayer: You Make Me Feel Like Dancing 2007
Waitrose .. Matt Monro: Somewhere (From West Side Story) 2007
Waitrose .. Billie Holiday: When You're Smiling 2007
Waitrose Sustainable Fishing .. Mills Brothers: Some of These Days 2007
Waitrose Masters of Wine .. Carmel: More, More, More 2007
Waitrose .. Wilson Pickett; In The Midnight Hour 2002
Wales Sunloungers .. Sweet Baboo; Bumblebee Song 2010 watch
Walkers Crisps Whats That Flavour? .. Special Version: Craig David; Whats Your Flava? 2012 watch
Walkers Sunbites .. Peters and Lee; Welcome Home 2011 watch
Walkers Rainy Days .. The Weather Girls; Its Raining Men 2010 watch
Walkers Extra Crunchy .. Lionel Richie; Say You, Say Me 2010 watch
Walkers Crisps - Sandwich .. JLS; One Shot 2010 watch
Walkers Baked .. Air; Sexy Boy 2010 watch
Walkers Flavour Cup Games .. Herb Alpert; Bean Bag 2010 watch
Walkers Crisps - Sandwich .. JLS; One Shot 2010 watch
Walkers Baked Crisps - Sexy Boy Gary Lineker .. Air; Sexy Boy 2010 watch
Walkers Crisps - Do Us A Flavour .. The Specials; A Message To You Rudy 2008
Walkers Crisps .. special version; Summer Holiday 2008
Walkers Crisps - 100% British Potatoes .. Flanders & Swann; Hippopotamus Song (Mud Glorious Mud) 2008
Walkers .. Trad; Mud, Mud, Glorious Mud 2007
Walkers: Monster Munch 80% Less Fat.. Bobby "Boris" Pickett & The Crypt-Kickers Monster Mash 2007
Walkers Lamb & Mint Flavour Crisps /Salt GDA .. Bobby McFerrin; Dont Worry, Be Happy 2006
Walkers Sauce Promotion .. Motorhead; Ace of Spades 2005
Walkers Wotsits .. Captain Sensible; Wot 1999
Walkers Crisps .. Peters & Lee; Welcome Home 1994ish watch
Walls Cornetto - Teddy Bear .. Audio Bullys; Only Man 2011 watch
Walls Carte dOr - Great Ending.. Minnutes; Icedream 2011 watch
Walls Carte D'Or .. Michael Buble; Haven't Met You Yet 2010 watch
Walls Ice Cream: Carte D'Or Caramel Cinnamon Waffle .. Gavin Degraw; Follow Through 2009 watch
Wall's Carte D'Or - New Lemon Sorbet .. Gavin Degraw; Follow Through 2008 watch
Walls Ice Cream: Magnum Ecuador .. Yma Sumac Tumpa (Earthquake) 2007
Walls Ice Cream: Cornetto .. Elvis Presley; Its Now Or Never 2000
Wanadoo .. Iggy & The Stooges; Down on the Street 2005
Warburtons Taste Testers .. Jimmy Cliff; You Can Get It If You Really Want 2012 watch
Warburtons - Millionth Loaf .. Elias and his Zig Zag Jive Flutes; Tom Hark 2011 watch
Warburtons - Burnt Toast .. Barber; Adagio For Strings 2010 watch
Warburtons - The Mission .. Jerry Goldsmith; Parachutes (Air Force One - Opening Theme) 2010 watch
Warburtons .. Cat Stevens: Morning Has Broken 2006
Warner Leisure Hotels Grown Ups .. Texas; Inner Smile 2012 watch
Warner Leisure Hotels Autumn 2010 .. Kidda; Strong Together 2010 watch
Warner Brothers License To Wed .. Spencer Davis Group; Gimme Some Loving 2007
Water Aid .. Hans Zimmer & Lisa Gerrard; Now We Are Free (Juba's Mix) 2006
Weetabix - Chocolate Spoonsize .. Mord Fustang; A New World 2011 watch
Weetabix - Oatibix .. The Knack; My Sharona 2009 watch
Weetabix .. Jonathan Richman & The Modern Lovers: Egyptian Reggae 2006 listen
Weetabix .. TV Theme; Galloping Home (Theme From Black Beauty) 2000 watch
Weetabix .. Beach Boys ft. The Fat Boys; Wipe out 2000 listen
Weetabix .. unknown; I will Survive 1997ish watch
Weight Watchers: Do It Our Way .. Alesha Dixon; Do It Our Way (Play) 2012 watch
Weight Watchers .. Barbara Harris: Gorgeous 2007
Weight Watchers .. Cher; Song For The Lonely 2006
Welch's Grape Juice - Antioxidents .. Tchaikovsky; Chinese Dance 2008
Werthers Original - Fathers and Sons .. Bread; Everything I Own 2011 watch
Westpac .. Des'ree; You Gotta Be early 2000's listen
West End Draught .. ?? especially commissioned song ?? 2007 watch
Western Australia tourism .. Russell Morris: "The Real Thing" ~ Australian
Which? (Magazine) .. Verdi: Anvil Chorus from 'La Traviata' 2006
Whiskas Temptations: Let It Snow .. The Puppini Sisters; Let It Snow 2010 watch
Whiskas .. Acker Bilk; Stranger On The Shore 2005
Whiskas .. Humphrey Lyttelton Band; The Onions 2000
William Hill Vegas Casino .. Rival Consoles; Kid Velo 2012 watch
William Hill .. Switch; A Bit Patchy 2011 listen
William Hill - Football Currency .. Mantronix; King of the Beats 2011 watch
William Hill .. Sex Pistols; Pretty Vacant 2010 listen
Winalot Heart Of Our Family .. Edward Elgar; Nimrod (from "Enigma Variations") 2011 listen
Wolf Blass .. Wolf Blass; Wolf Blass Theme 2005
Wonderbra Pure .. Stranglers: Hanging Around 2002
Wonga .. Frankie Laine; Rawhide 2011 listen
Woodpecker Cider .. Culture Beat; Mr Vain 2000
Woolwich Mortgages .. Bach: Concerto for Violin and Oboe in C minor: II. Adagio 2006
Woolworths Sale .. Kaiser Chiefs; Ruby 2007
Woolworths Friends - Joey DVD Promotion .. Rembrandts; I'll Be There For You 2005
Woolworths .. Space Raiders; Song for Dot 2004
World Wildlife Fund .. 1 Giant Leap: Dunya Salam 2005
Worthingtons .. Limp Bizkit: My Way 2003
Wrangler .. Jimi Hendrix: Crosstown Traffic 2000
Wrangler .. Victor Young; Follow The Yellow Brick Road 1999
Wrangler .. Thin Lizzy: 'The Boys are Back in Town'
Wrigleys Extra Gum Are You Following Me? .. Nylon Studios; Commissioned Track 2010 watch
Wrigleys Extra sponsors Hollyoaks on Channel 4 .. Joey Ryan; Honest Man 2008
Wrigleys Extra Fusion - Mixed Up Flavours .. Hein Hoven @ Beathoven ft. Tight Eyez ; Krumping 2008
Wrigleys Orbit .. Larrikin Love; Six Queens 2008
Wrigleys Extra Fusion .. Klaxons; Gravity's Rainbow (Van She Remix) 2007
Wrigley's Extra chewing gum .. Hanson: "Mmm Bop" 2004
Wrigley's Spearmint .. Spencer Davis Group: "Keep On Running" '90s
WSPA .. REM: Everybody Hurts 2007
WWF - Save The Cerrado .. Janine Forrester; Commissioned Track 2011 watch
X >>
Xbox 360 Final Fantasy XIII 2 .. Charice; New World 2012 watch
XBox 360 Kinect Effect .. Pixies; Where Is My Mind 2011 watch
XBox 360 Forza Motorsport 4 .. Kanye West; Power 2011 watch
Xbox 360 Gears of War 3: Dust to Dust .. Mazzy Star; Into Dust 2011 watch
XBox 360 Fable III .. T Rex; Children of the Revolution 2010 watch
XBox 360 Final Fantasy XIII .. Leona Lewis; My Hands 2010 listen
XBox 360 Watch Sky TV .. Big Pink; Dominos 2009 watch
XBox 360: Gears of War 2.. DeVotchka; "How It Ends" 2008 watch
XBox 360: Bring Everyone Together .. Poison; Nothin' But A Good Time 2007
XBox 360: Bioshock .. Bobby Darin; Beyond The Sea 2007
XBox 360: Halo 3 .. Chopin; Raindrop Prelude (Op. 28, Prelude No. 15 in D-flat major) 2007
X Files .. Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds; Red Right Hand 1990
Y >>
Yahoo .. Queen: "You're My Best Friend"
Yahoo .. Eric Clapton: 'Wonderful Tonight'
Yell.com - Day V Lately .. Day V Lately; Pulse & Thunder 2011 watch
Yellow Pages .. Ramones; Baby I Love You 1997
Yeo Valley Organic - X-Factor 2011 .. The Churned; Forever 2011 watch
Yeo Valley Organic - Harmony .. Yeo Valley Boyz; Yeo Valley Rap (ft Mr George & Lisa Roxanne) 2010 watch
Yoplait Yogurt .. Bryan Hyland cover: 'Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini'
Yorkshire Bank Current Account .. Farm; All Together Now 2007
Yorkshire Tourist Ad .. Jam; English Rose 2008
Youngs Chip Shop -- Hungry Sailor .. Port Isaacs Fishermans Friends; The Hungry Sailor 2011 watch
Youngs Breaded Fish: Love Fish .. Port Isaacs Fishermans Friends; When The Boat Comes In 2011 watch
Youngs: Sea To Plate .. Andy Findon; Dance Ti Thi Daddy (Theme from When The Boat Comes In) 2006
Yves Saint Laurent Opium .. Mozart; Lacrimosa from Requiem in D Minor 2011 watch
Yves Saint Laurent Elle .. Yeah Yeah Yeahs; Gold Lion 2007 watch
Z >
Zoflora Bouquet.. Dukas; Sorcerers Apprentice 2005
Zurich Municipal Insurance .. Showaddywaddy; You Got What It Takes 2000
IF YOU KNOW A TV AD SONG NOT ON THE LIST ~ PLEASE EMAIL
I put ad's up on the page at least once a week that I have seen and know or have very kindly been emailed in.
Sincere apologies, but PLEASE don't ask me to search an ad song for you. If you can't find, it odds on, I cant!!
With all the many pages I do on my hobby-site I just haven't the time for hour long searches ~ really sorry.
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| i don't know |
Who composed ‘The Hungarian Rhapsodies’? | Franz Liszt - Hungarian Rhapsody no.2 (The Perfect Version) - YouTube
Franz Liszt - Hungarian Rhapsody no.2 (The Perfect Version)
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| Franz Liszt |
Genu is the Latin name for what part of the human body? | Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsodies - Wild Gypsy Fun
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Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsodies - Wild Gypsy-inspired Fun
Franz Liszt's 19 Hungarian Rhapsodies use gypsy tunes from his native Hungary, and combine them with his own dazzling piano writing. The colorful and flamboyant pieces which result tax pianists as much as delight listeners!
They're some of the composer's most amazing and popular pieces (especially the No. 2).
For me, the pieces evoke images of stormy and passionate Hungarian gypsies, traveling slowly through romantic Eastern European countryside.
Liszt was really proud of being Hungarian. But he was a little guilty that he couldn't speak the language very well and didn't live there.
I think he wrote the Rhapsodies to try to promote Hungarian music and nationalism. He did a good job!
Hungarian Music
Liszt uses the gypsy scale heavily in the Rhapsodies, which is a series of notes that have a really exotic and Hungarian flavor.
Liszt published the first set of the Rhapsodies in 1853. He then added four more towards the last years of his life, and made alterations to some of the earlier ones. I actually prefer a few of the older versions, but you can't argue with the composer himself!
Liszt uses the piano to imitate the sounds in a gypsy band.
One important element of these groups is the the accompaniment, which is played on a cimbalon (a box with strings which the player hits with small hammers). I've heard one of these played live, and I have to say Liszt does an excellent job of reproducing the effect on the piano!
Because they're Liszt pieces, they have astoundingly difficult passages, and loads of cadenzas (basically flashy show-off parts).
They also have all sorts of crazy tricks, like three-hand illusions, where Liszt writes the music in such a way that it sounds like the pianist is playing with 3 hands!
Here's an example of a three-hand illusion, from the Hungarian Rhapsody No. 9:
When they're played by an extremely skilled pianist, they're really really fun to listen to. Here's one of my favorite melodies, for example:
Liszt also used that melody in his lavish Hungarian Fantasia, a huge piece for piano and orchestra.
Famous composer Johannes Brahms was also inspired by Hungarian music, and created another popular set of pieces based on those dizzying rhythms and exotic melodies: the Hungarian Dances .
Hungarian Rhapsody no. 2 in C-sharp Minor
The Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 in C-sharp Minor is by far the most famous of the lot. It's been used countless times in movies and cartoons, and the main theme from the fast section is so well-known most people recognize the melody but not the composer!
This is the first of the set I heard, and it became one of my favorite pieces after I listened to it a few more times.
I even tried to play some of the melodies from it on the piano, but struggled a bit with some of the jumps in the left hand. It was probably (OK, definitely...) a few notches above my skill level at the time!
The piece is really accessible for non-musicians, since the structure is quite simple. It's basically a slow section, then a fast section.
That's it! It also helps that it has some extremely appealing melodies, and some amazing piano tricks for pianists to show off with.
Here is my absolute favorite performance of this piece, by the famous pianist Alfred Brendel .
Brendel - Rhapsodies
He manages to capture the powerful and mature feeling of the slow section, and also keep rhythm incredibly well in the fast part (which is something I think a lot of pianists get wrong). Listen to the way he controls the melody at 6:40 in this video to get an idea of what I mean.
Incredible!
My Favorites
One of my favorite Rhapsodies is No. 5 in E Minor. I love the romantic power of the last segment - it always moves me. I think it's some of Liszt's most inspiring music.
I also really like No. 8 in F-sharp Minor. It has everything that makes a Hungarian Rhapsody: a passionate, free-flowing slow segment, fantastic and brilliant piano acrobatics, and a blazingly fast finale with lively melodies.
The Hungarian Rhapsodies are popular for their powerful melodies and virtuoso fireworks. The pieces are a perfect example of Liszt's superb piano composition skills, and his love for his native country. The question now is: which one is your favorite??
| i don't know |
Which city hosted the 1964 summer Olympics? | Olympic Games Host Cities
Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > Hosts > List
Host Cities of the Olympic Games
Listed here are all the modern Summer Olympic Games host cities. Those cities with a link have more information about that host city. You may notice that the Olympiad is still counted even when there were no Games held.
See also the list of bidding cities for each Olympics. We also have a list of the time zones and latitude for each Games host city.
The next Olympic Games host city is Rio in 2016 , with Tokyo the host city for 2020 . For 2024, bidding cities include Budapest, Paris, Rome and Los Angeles. The winner will be announced in 2017.
See also the discussion about the host cities .
List of Olympic Host Cities
Olympiad
| Tokyo |
Who wrote the book A Farewell to Arms? | Who is hosting the next Summer Olympics?
Who is hosting the next Summer Olympics?
Comment
Who is hosting the next Summer Olympics?
As all eyes turn to Rio for the 2016 Summer Olympics, we will take a look at who will be hosting the next Summer Games. In 2020, Tokyo will be the host city for the Summer Olympics, and it will be their second time hosting the games. Tokyo played host to the 1964 Games, and will now become the fifth city to host the games for a second time.
Three countries battled it out for the right to host the games, with Istanbul, Turkey and Madrid, Spain falling short. It is the third Olympics in a row that Madrid has missed out on hosting. Since no country had 50 percent of the vote in the final round, the second and third place countries (Istanbul and Spain) had a run-off vote to see who will be eliminated.
In the final vote, a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul, Tokyo won, getting 60 votes to Istanbul’s 36.
The selection was announced by the International Olympic Committee on September 7, 2013. The 2020 Summer Games are slated to begin on July 24, 2020, and run until August 9. Keeping with tradition, the city plans to use some of the same venues as they did when they hosted in 1964 . Over 200 countries are expected to participate in 2020.
As the host city to the Summer Olympics, Tokyo will also host the sixteenth Summer Paralympics. Those games are planned to run from August 25, 2020 through September 6. Because Tokyo held the Paralympics in 1964, they will be the first city to host them for the second time.
For more Olympics news, check out our hub page.
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| i don't know |
In which county is Luton? | Luton County Court and Family Court
Luton County Court and Family Court
Visit us:
Luton County Court and Family Court Hearing Centre
2nd Floor
Bedfordshire
LU1 2PU
All new divorce cases should be submitted to the Bury St Edmunds Divorce Centre, 2nd Floor, Triton House, St Andrews Street North, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 1TR
Opening hours
Court building open: Monday to Friday 9am to 4pm
Court counter open: 10am to 2pm (by prior appointment only)
Telephone Enquiries from: 8:30am to 5pm
Email
Social security and child support: 0300 123 1142
Building facilities
If you have a disability and need help coming to a hearing, please contact the court or tribunal to make sure the facilities meet your specific needs or to discuss a reasonable adjustment you need.
This Court has baby changing facilities.
This Court has a childrens room facility.
Disabled access and toilet facilities.
Guide Dogs are welcome at this Court.
This Court has interview room facilities.
This Court has hearing enhancement facilities.
Refreshments are available.
Video conference facilities excluding prison to court video links
Parking
On site parking is not available at this venue.
Paid off site parking is available within 500m of this venue.
Blue badge parking is not available at this venue.
| Bedfordshire |
What was the first fully computer generated film? | County of Luton - definition of County of Luton by The Free Dictionary
County of Luton - definition of County of Luton by The Free Dictionary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/County+of+Luton
Also found in: Encyclopedia , Wikipedia .
Lu·ton
(lo͞ot′n)
A borough of southeast England north-northwest of London. A millinery industry was established here during the reign of James I.
Luton
(ˈluːtən)
n
1. (Placename) a town in SE central England, in Luton unitary authority, S Bedfordshire: airport; motor-vehicle industries; university (1993). Pop: 185 543 (2001)
2. (Placename) a unitary authority in SE central England, in Bedfordshire. Pop: 185 200 (2003 est). Area: 43 sq km (17 sq miles)
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| i don't know |
Name the Caribbean island country which is named after a day of the week? | Caribbean Events and Festivals | Caribya!
April, May, June, or July
Jonkonnu
Jonkonnu, also spelled Junkanoo, is a festival celebrated widely in the British islands, and it is especially popular in Jamaica and the Bahamas. Its name is derived from a real person, who was an African named John Canoe (John Konny, to some). A prince and slave trader, he was said to have outwitted the British in the 17th century and taken control of a fort. He terrified the British and Dutch slave traders, and so became a hero of the slaves. Parades were developed to honor this historical figure and are filled with colorful costumes and creative characters, some of whom have strong European influences in the way they look and dance. Despite the European influences, what developed over the years is a distinctly Caribbean festival that differs from island to island.
Other Festivals
Each island holds its own festivals that can draw as many crowds as the larger celebrations do. Whether it's the Friday "Jump-Up" on St. Lucia or the annual Crop Over festival on Barbados, you're sure to find a local celebration for nearly every occasion. Of course, you'll also find celebrations during major holidays, such as Christmas.
Crop Over
Barbados spent many years as the most important sugar-producing island of the Caribbean. This festival began as a way to celebrate the end of the sugar production process, but by the mid 20th century, Crop Over was no longer celebrated. The Barbadian people reinstated the festival in the 1970s as an important piece of their own heritage. Many compare Crop Over to a Mardi-Gras style celebration.
Patron Saints
During nearly any week throughout the year, you can find a town on Puerto Rico holding a festival for its patron saint. These religious festivals begin in the church and later overflow into the streets where vendors and celebrators make a day out of it, even crowning a king and queen. These celebrations last for 10 days in each town, and towns with the same patron saint generally have the same festival dates. This is also a time when former residents of a town return. During the weekdays, these festivals begin in the afternoon.
Jump-Up
This St. Lucian festival is one of the best-known weekly events in the Caribbean. Each Friday night, Gros Islet takes to the streets with music and vendors. An opportunity to sample St. Lucian barbecue should not be missed. You can dance to local music and enjoy tropical, fruity drinks.
Musical Events
Those hoping to enjoy great music will not be disappointed by Caribbean musicians. Music festivals include some of the region's best acts, and, no matter what time of year you're traveling, there is almost always at least one music festival in the Caribbean - the hardest part is choosing which one to see.
Jazz events are popular on many islands, but some of the best-respected jazz festivals take place in Puerto Rico, St. Lucia, and Barbados. In fact, St. Lucia Jazz runs with the slogan "The Best Party in the Caribbean" for its star-studded springtime festival. For more than 10 years, fall travelers have been enjoying the Barbados Jazz Festival, also known as Paint it Jazz. And the Puerto Rico Heineken JazzFest is older yet and takes place each May.
On Jamaica, home of Bob Marley and reggae, you'll find plenty of reggae music festivals, the largest by far being Reggae Sumfest, held each summer. Early in the year, the Air Jamaica Jazz and Blues Festival also lets festival-goers and music fans have a day in the sun, literally. Those seeking a bit of Latin flair in their music can find it in Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. Merengue fans can make their way to Santo Domingo's annual Merengue Festival, one of the region's most popular Latin music festivals.
Sailing and Fishing
The Bahamas and the Virgin Islands are home to some of the most popular sailing and fishing tournaments, but most Caribbean sailing aficionados would also enjoy the annual Antigua Yacht Regatta or its Sailing Week. Each island known for sailing or fishing hosts a number of important events. Martinique is home to one of the Caribbean's longest races - the Transat des Passionnés is a biannual race from Europe to the Caribbean. Soloists and doubles can also participate in the island's Transquadra race, making this same trek every three years. There are almost too many fishing tournaments to mention in the Bahamas, but fishermen are fond of established classics such as the Native Fishing Tournament, which takes place in August and has been held for more than 50 years, as well as newer tournaments, such as the ESPN Billfish Extreme Challenge. Meanwhile, the British Virgin Islands host a Spring Regatta, as well as some irreverent sailing events, such as Foxy's Halloween Cat Fight, a catamaran race. Visitors to the U.S. Virgin Islands may want to take into account that 24 world-record catches have been counted in U.S.V.I. waters, and plenty of sailing and fishing tournaments can be enjoyed here as well.
Sports
A wide variety of sporting and gaming contests - from local competitions to world-class events - take place all year throughout the Caribbean. On land, there are tournaments in rugby, cricket, horse racing, and car racing. At sea, you can catch wind surfing competitions as well water-based triathlons and swimming and yachting races. A yachting regatta invites both seafaring and land-dwelling partiers - watching the ships compete is the ideal reason for an island fete.
In addition to sanctioned events, you may be lucky enough to catch a domino or bridge tournament, a hot air balloon, or a kite race, during your visit to the Caribbean. Events like these typically have the feel of a festival, with concerts, cookouts and spontaneous "jump-ups" happening alongside the competition.
Here are some highlights from the Caribbean's exciting and packed events calendar:
January
Rhythm and Blues Festival in U.S.V.I.
Grenada Sailing Competition
| Dominica |
The Phantom Punch or The Punch That Never Was cost who his title? | Caribbean Baby Names for Boys and Girls
Caribbean Baby Names for Boys and Girls
Caribbean Baby Names for Boys and Girls
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Caribbean baby names are full of exotic and unique choices for girls and boys. The Caribbean is a beautiful area southeast of the United States that includes the Caribbean Sea and more than 7000 gorgeous islands. Collectively, these islands are known as the West Indies and are home to an enormous amount of native culture and tradition, as well as baby names like Aman and Jacinta. Islands include Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominician Republic and Cuba, among many more. Come check out Caribbean baby names and get a little tropical inspiration for your baby boy or baby girl!
All of the islands of the Caribbean were colonies of other countries at some point -- and some still are. Itâs no surprise that the language and culture of the colonizing countries had a major influence on the lives of the native inhabitants. This influence translated into the islandsâ baby name trends as well.
Many countries were colonized by Spain and France (Christopher Columbus, a Spaniard, actually landed in the West Indies initially) so we can see those specific influences in the names of those who live there.
Have fun and get inspired by our list of the neatest Caribbean baby names for boys and for girls!
For more inspiration, also check out:
Caribbean Baby Names for Boys
Agwe: This Haitian name means âspirit of the sea.â
Aman: A variation of the Arabic name Amin, this means âhonest, faithful.â
Amani: Meaning âpeace,â this has Kiswahlii (from Africa) origins.
Azacca: Meaning âspirit guide of agriculture,â this name can be easily shortened to Zac.
Bastian: Short for Sebastian, this means âman from Sebastia.â
Damerae: This name means âa boy of joy.â
Dewain: Another version of the Irish name Duane, this means âdark, swarthy.â
Garon: Another version of the Gaelic name Garron, this means âgelding.â
Hosea: A Hebrew name, this means âsalvation.â
Jorell: An American name, this was probably inspired by the name of Supermanâs father, Jor-El.
Josue: This is another version of the name Joseph, and means âJehovah increases.â
Kai: This name has possible South African origins and means âbeautiful.â
Lyron: Meaning âmy song,â this name is another form of the name Liron.
Malik: This name means âsoverignâ and is of Arabic origin.
Talin: Another version of the name Talon, this refers to the claw of a large bird of prey.
Umar: Of Arabic origin, this means âthriving, prosperous.â
Vin: Another version of the name Vincent, this means âprevailing, victorious.â
Caribbean Baby Names for Girls
Alvita: This name means âlivelyâ and is popular in Jamaica.
Anacaona: This was the name of a queen of Hispaniola and means âgolden flower.â
Ayida: This Haitian name means âwho is the spirit of love.â
Bijoux: Meaning âjewel,â this name is popular in Haiti.
Dorsey: This name may refer to the French word dâOrsay, which means âfrom Orsay.â
Jacinta: Meaning âhyacinth,â this name is another version of the names Giacinta, Hyacinth and Jacinda.
Lesia: This is a variation of the name Alicia and means ânoble, exalted.â
Leta: Meaning âgladly,â this classical name is popular in the Dominican Republic.
Marisha: This is another version of the name Marissa and means âof the sea.â
Oria: Popular in the Dominican Republic, this is another version of the names Aura and Oriana and means âwind, sunriseâ or âgolden haired.â
Raeni: This Jamacian name means âqueen.â
Rosi: This is another version of the name Rose.
Shona: This is an Irish version of the name Joan.
Steebeth: A name from Trinidad, this means âgreat beauty.â
Vea: This Jamaican name means âseen.â
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Born 1923, which Champion had the shortest reach? | Rocky Marciano - BoxRec
Rocky Marciano
Hall of Fame bio: click
World Boxing Hall of Fame Inductee
Name: Rocky Marciano
Birth Name: Rocco Francis Marchegiano
Born: 1923-09-01
Height: 5′ 10½″ / 179cm
Reach: 68″ / 173cm
Rocky Marciano Gallery
Rocky Marciano was born Rocco Francis Marchegiano on September 1, 1923, in Brockton, Massachusetts. Marciano was World Heavyweight Champion from 1952 to 1956, and he is the only World Heavyweight Champion to retire undefeated.
Marciano was the first of six children born to Perrino and Pasqualena Marchegiano. Before dropping out of high school to make a few bucks — as a gardener, delivery boy, laborer for the gas company, and leather tanner at the shoe factory where his father worked — he starred in football and baseball. In 1947, Marciano had a tryout with the Chicago Cubs as a catcher but was let go because he couldn't make the throw from home plate to second base with accuracy.
Marciano didn't take up boxing until after he was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1943. He took up the sport mainly as a way to avoid KP duty (assisting the cooks) and other less desirable activities, but he showed a natural ability and fought as an amateur following his discharge in 1946.
After being discharged, Marciano visited an old Army buddy, Joe Sarelli, in Chicago. Sarelli's father, who was connected to the fight game, agreed to assess Marciano's potential as a fighter. "His father took me to a gym in Chicago's Loop," Marciano recalled. "For three days, I hit the big bag and the little bag. I skipped rope and shadow boxed. At the end of the workouts, Joe's father sat down with me. He told me, 'Rocky, why don't you go home and forget about being a fighter. You'll too small to be a heavyweight. You'll never make it.'"
Marciano, fighting under the name "Rocky Mack" in order to maintain his amateur standing, turned professional on March 17, 1947 , with a third-round knockout of Lee Epperson. Marciano then returned to the amateurs, where he fought under his real name.
On March 1, 1948, at the New York Golden Gloves Tournament of Champions, Marciano was on the short end of an unpopular split decision to Coley Wallace in what would be the last loss of his boxing career. In his last amateur fight, Marciano outpointed George McInnis to win the New England AAU Heavyweight Championship on March 22, 1948. Marciano did not move on to the nationals because of a fractured thumb. He finished his amateur career with a record of either 9-4, with 7 knockouts.
Marciano had been told that a manager based out of New York could do more for him than one in New England, so he went to New York City and met with Al Weill , who had previously managed Lou Ambers , Joey Archibald and Marty Servo . Weill telephoned trainer Charley Goldman and told him to set up a sparring session so they could gauge Marciano’s potential. Later that day, Marciano stepped into the ring at a CYO gym on 17th Street in Manhattan with a heavyweight named Wade Chancey .
“Al and I often looked over green kids who thought they could become fighters,” Goldman reminisced years later. “I’ll eat my derby hat if I ever saw anyone cruder than Rocky. He was so awkward that we stood there and laughed. He didn’t stand right. He didn’t throw a punch right. He didn’t block right. He didn’t do anything right. Then he hit Chancey with a roundhouse right which nearly put a hole in the guy’s head, and I told Weill that maybe I could do something with him.”
Goldman explained to his assistant, Angelo Dundee , that although Marciano lacked height and finesse, he had great punching power. Dundee said, "Charley taught the technique that if you are short, you make yourself smaller. Charley let him bend his knees to a deep knee squat. He was able to punch from that position, come straight up from the bag and hit a heck of a shot ... It was just bang-bang-bang-bang-BANG and get him outta there."
With Weill as his manager and Goldman as his trainer, Marciano, who changed his name from Marchegiano at Weill's suggestion (he said it was too hard to pronounce), won his second pro fight with a first-round knockout of Harry Bilazarian on July 12, 1948 .
Weill became matchmaker for the International Boxing Club in May 1949. Since many state athletic commissions had a conflict-of-interest rule that precluded a matchmaker from managing a fighter, his stepson, Marty Weill, became Marciano's manager of record. In August 1952, Weill resigned as matchmaker and returned as Marciano's official manager.
Marciano won his first sixteen professional fights by knockout, but there were those who still didn't think much would become of him. Goody Petronelli , trainer of Marvin Hagler , caught one of Marciano's early fights and recalled for Sports Illustrated , "I never thought he'd make it. He was too old, almost 25. He was too short, he was too light. He had no reach. Rough and tough, but no finesse."
After twenty-five straight wins, Marciano fought Roland LaStarza , who was 37-0, on March 24, 1950 . Marciano, a slight underdog, won by a ten-round split decision.
On October 26, 1951 , with 37 wins and 32 knockouts under his belt, Marciano faced former World Heavyweight Champion Joe Louis and knocked him out in the eighth round. Louis was his boyhood idol, and Marciano cried in Louis's dressing room after the fight.
Five fights later, on September 23, 1952 , Marciano got a shot at World Heavyweight Champion Jersey Joe Walcott . In the thirteenth round, behind on points, Marciano knocked Walcott out with a short right to the jaw to win the championship.
Marciano's first title defense was a rematch with Walcott. On May 15, 1953 , he knocked Walcott out in the first round. Marciano's second title defense was another rematch. On September 24, 1953 , he knocked out Roland LaStarza in eleven rounds.
On June 17, 1954 , Marciano defeated Ezzard Charles by a fifteen-round unanimous decision. Afterwards, Marciano said, "It was my toughest fight." Marciano fought Charles again on September 17, 1954 , and almost lost the championship. In the sixth round, Charles cut Marciano's nose so badly that his corner couldn't stop the bleeding. With the ring doctor watching the cut closely and considering stopping the fight, Marciano came on strong in the eighth round and knocked Charles out.
Marciano defended his title against Don Cockell on May 16, 1955 , knocking him out in nine rounds. His sixth and final title defense was against Archie Moore on September 21, 1955 . Marciano was dropped in the second round, but he came back to knock Moore out in the ninth round.
On April 27, 1956, Marciano retired from boxing at the age of 31. "I am retiring because of my wife and baby,” Marciano said in his retirement statement. "No man can say what he will do in the future, but barring poverty, the ring has seen the last of me. I am comfortably fixed, and I am not afraid of the future."
Friends of Marciano have said his physical condition also played a part in his decision to retire. Marciano had fought with a ruptured disc in his back since August 1949 and had suffered from an arthritic right elbow since 1951.
Many believe the main reason Marciano retired was because of his relationship with manager Al Weill. In April 1956, the chief investigator for the California Governor's special committee investigating boxing accused promoter Jimmy Murray of shortchanging Marciano and Don Cockell in their title fight and paying $10,000 "on the side" to Weill. Both Murray and Weill denied the allegations. Marciano allegedly said, "I don't care what it cost me, but I will never fight for this guy [Weill] again and let him scalp me."
On August 31, 1969, one day shy of what would have been his forty-sixth birthday, Marciano boarded a small plane with the pilot and one other passenger for a flight from Chicago to a speaking engagement in Des Moines, Iowa. The plane crashed in a field near Newton, Iowa, killing all three men on board.
Marciano was survived by his wife of 19 years, Barbara, and their two children, Mary Anne and Rocco Kevin.
Contents
Record: 9-4, with 7 knockouts
April 15, 1946 - Henry Lester, L DQ 3
1947 National Junior AAU Heavyweight Championship in Portland, Oregan. Results:
Aug 22 - Frederic Ross, KO 1
Aug 23 - Richard Jarvis, KO 1
Aug 23 - Joe DeAngelis , L 3
1947 Massachusetts State Amateur Heavyweight Championship in Boston, Massachusetts. Results:
Jan 17 - Jim Connolly, KO 1
Jan 17 - Bob Girard, L 3
1948 Massachusetts/Rhode Island Golden Gloves Heavyweight Championship in Lowell, Massachusetts. Results:
Feb 2 - Dan Solomont, TKO 1
Feb 9 - Charles Mortimer, KO 3
1948 New England Tournament of Champions in Lowell, Massacusetts. Results
Feb 17 - Ralph Piscopo, WO (Piscopo didn't show up)
Feb 18 - George McInnis, TKO 1
1948 All Eastern Coast Golden Gloves Championship in Brooklyn, New York. Result:
Mar 1 - Coley Wallace , L 3
1948 New England AAU Heavyweight Championship in Boston, Massachusetts. Results:
Mar 22 - Sal Fichera, KO 3
Mar 22 - George McInnis - W 3
Record Issues:
Some sources say Marciano knocked out Joe Sidlaskis in the first round on February 2, 1948, as part of the Massachusetts/Rhode Island Golden Gloves Tournament. However, Victor Sidlaskas, not Joe Sidlaskis, competed in the novice division, while Marciano fought in the open division.
Some reports incorrectly list Sal Fichera as Fred Fischera and George McInnis as George McGinnis.
Marciano's bouts against Fichera and McInnis have incorrectly been reported as being part of the Olympic Trials.
Awards and Recognition
| Rocky Marciano |
What did Terry Scott’s lovely brother put in grandma’s tea? | Rocky Marciano facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Rocky Marciano
American boxer
R
ocky Marciano is the only heavyweight boxing champion ever to retire without being defeated. With a perfect 49-0 record—which included forty-three knockouts—he started his professional boxing career in 1947, and reigned as champion from 1952 until his retirement
in 1956. He ranks among boxing's greats, along with such notables as Muhammad Ali, Joe Louis (whom he defeated the year before becoming world champion), and Jack Dempsey .
First a Baseball Player
Rocco Francis Marchegiano, the future Rocky Marciano, was born on September 1, 1923, in Brockton, Massachusetts, the son of working class parents. An immigrant from Italy, his father worked in a shoe factory. This factory made a big impression on the young Marciano. It was Marciano's job in the family to take lunch to his father at work each day, and there he saw first-hand the toll factory work took on the people who worked there. Marciano vowed that he would never make his living that way.
In high school, Marciano excelled in sports. He played on the Brockton High football team as a linebacker, once intercepting a pass and running sixty-seven yards for a touchdown. His dreams were of baseball, however, and he planned to become a professional player after he dropped out of school at the age of sixteen. He worked in blue-collar jobs, including a two month stint at the shoe factory, while he trained to become a professional baseball player. His fledgling baseball career was interrupted, however, when the United States entered World War II at the end of 1942.
Drafted into the army in 1943, Marciano discovered the sport that was to be his career when he took up boxing to avoid kitchen duty. After serving in Wales and at Ft. Lewis, Washington with the 150th Combat Engineers, Marciano was discharged following the close of the war. He worked at odd jobs to support himself while he pursued a career in baseball. His hard work paid off when he landed a tryout with the Chicago Cubs as a catcher and first baseman. But he failed to make he team after a throw from home plate to second base fell short.
Commits to Boxing
Returning to boxing, Marciano began to make a name for himself on the amateur circuit, quickly becoming known as a hard-hitting, if somewhat awkward fighter. He became a professional boxer in 1947. Managed first by a mechanic from his home town, he soon realized the need to place himself in the care of a well-known professional if he wanted to advanced his career. He switched to the management of Al Weill, a promoter from New York who was to remain his manager throughout his career. It was the right move. Weill introduced Marciano to famous trainer Charlie Goldman, who helped Marciano hone what was to become his signature fighting style, and made him into a true professional. At five feet, eleven inches, about 185 points, and with the shortest arms of any heavyweight champion in the modern era, Marciano also tended to slouch, and was not particularly agile. But he packed a powerful punch, and that's what Goldman trained him to focus on. He also taught him to emphasize his small stature, crouching low to avoid his opponents' own punches, and moving in with powerful right punches and left hooks. Marciano also developed the ability to absorb a tremendous amount of punishment, often coming back from blows that would have finished a lesser fighter, to knock his opponents out. Broken hands, back injuries, and countless facial cuts all were meted out to Marciano during the course of his career.
Chronology
Dies in a small plane crash outside De Moines, Iowa
1990
Inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame
With Weill and Goldman's help, Marciano's career took off. He knocked out the first sixteen opponents he faced in professional bouts, steadily moving up through the boxing ranks to face stronger and more skilled opponents. Maricano continued to prove his mettle through 1949, winning all of his fights, more than half of them by knockouts. Marciano knew that he had a chance to fight for the title of heavyweight champion of the world after he defeated Roland LaStarza on March 24, 1949. The fight lasted ten rounds, and was called Marciano's in a close decision. He received national attention after a fight with Carmine Vingo on December 20, 1949 in which Marciano seriously injured his opponent when he knocked him out.
At the Top of His Game
Marciano married his childhood sweetheart, Barbara M. Cousins on the last day of 1950. The couple eventually had one child of their own, Mary Anne, and adopted another, Rocky Kevin. Back in the ring soon after the wedding, Marciano continued his climb through the boxing ranks, fighting more and more powerful opponents, including Red Layne, whom he knocked out in six rounds on July 12, 1951.
Marciano faced his most powerful opponent yet when he squared off against former world champion Joe Louis on October 26, 1951. Louis was one of Marciano's idols, but at the end of his career, and Marciano, with thirty-seven wins to his credit so far, including thirty-two knockouts, was in his prime. The former champion went down under Marciano's onslaught in eight rounds. It happened after Marciano got Louis against the ropes, and managed to slip in a powerful left hook. Louis was stunned, dropping his guard, and Marciano immediately followed up with a right that knocked his hero out. "Imagine looking at Joe Louis lying there on the ropes," he was quoted as saying afterward by Newsweek. "And I did it. I don't know if I'm happy about it." So distraught was Marciano at felling his hero that he cried in the exchampion's dressing room after the match.
The fight with Louis cleared the way for a championship bout with the heavyweight champion of the world, 'Jersey' Joe Walcott in Philadelphia on September 23, 1952. Marciano got off to a bad start in the first round when he was knocked down. Off balance from then on, and behind on points, he got in one of his bynow-famous right hand punches to the jaw, flooring Walcott and knocking him out in the thirteenth round.
An Unbeatable Champion
With his defeat of Walcott, Marciano became the first white heavyweight boxing champion since 1937. He defended his title six times, winning each time. The first was in a rematch with Walcott on May 15, 1953, a bout he won handily with a knockout in the first round. He next faced his old adversary Roland LaStarza on September 24, 1953, and won in eleven rounds, putting LaStarza in the hospital for several days. LaStarza said afterwards that he wished Marciano had just knocked him out to end it instead of working him over for so long. A fifteen-round fight with former champion Ezzard Charles followed on June 17, 1954. Marciano won that match in a decision, and the two faced each other again later that year, on September 17, 1954. Charles got the better of Marciano in the sixth round, battering his nose so badly that Marciano's cornermen were unable to staunch the bleeding. The ring doctor very nearly called the fight, but Marciano rallied in the eighth round, knocking out his opponent.
Marciano's next title fight was against Don Cockell on May 16, 1955. In spite of pressure from organized crime elements to throw the fight, Marciano won it in a knockout in the ninth round, and moved on to what was to be his last title fight, on September 21, 1955. The bout took place at Yankee Stadium, and it was the third time he had defended his title there. His opponent was former light-heavyweight champion Archie Moore . Marciano knocked him out in nine rounds. The fight was witnessed by more than 400,000 people watching via the fairly new medium of television.
Awards and Accomplishments
In his nine years as a professional boxer, Marciano was never defeated, winning all of his forty-nine bouts, an astonishing forty-three of them in knockouts. He is the only heavyweight boxing champion to retire completely undefeated.
1948
Inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame
Rocky Marciano
Although no theatrical-release films have been yet been made about the life of Rocky Marciano, the Showtime cable TV network aired a dramatic interpretation of the famous fighter's life in 1999. Called Rocky Marciano, the 100-minute program featured Jon Favreau in the title role, and the great George C. Scott in one of his final roles, as Marciano's father.
Not praised for its brilliant acting or quality of writing, Rocky Marciano nevertheless distinguished itself by presenting a reasonably accurate portrayal of the boxer's beginnings, his rise to fame, and his post-boxing years. Of particular note was a lavish, stylized treatment of Marciano's fight with Joe Louis, mournfully underscored by the music of Samuel Barber. The program was directed by Charles Winkler, and written by Winkler with William Nack, Lary Golin, and Dick Beebe.
Rocky Marciano was later released on video.
A Life Cut Short
The champion retired from boxing in 1956, when he was 31 years old. His record between 1947 and 1956 of forty-nine victories to zero losses included forty-three knockouts. Weary of training, and with tension rising between him and his manager, Al Weill (his arrangement with Weill required him to split all of his earnings 50-50), Marciano welcomed the opportunity to spend more time with his family. A careful manager of his own money, Marciano was set for life with a four million dollar fortune, and did not want to go out with a whimper as other champions had done, by continuing to fight past his prime. He did nearly succumb to temptation to stage a comeback in 1959, and spent a month training in secret before thinking better of it.
Now the only heavyweight boxing champion to retire completely undefeated, Marciano spent the next ten years making personal appearances. He died on the night of August 31, 1969 when the private plane in which he was a passenger crashed outside of Des Moines , Iowa. He died one day shy of his 46th birthday. He was survived by his wife Barbara—to whom he had been married for nineteen years—and his two children, Rocco Kevin, and Mary Anne. He was said to have had many close friends and to be a loving husband and father, but nevertheless to be extremely secretive about his post-boxing business dealings. He died without making a will, and without revealing where he had placed much of his fortune.
Somewhat awkward, not noted for his speed or agility, Marciano nevertheless overcame his opponents through sheer drive, determination, and the power of his punches. He remains today the only heavyweight champion boxer to retire completely undefeated.
FURTHER INFORMATION
Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 8: 1966-1970. New York: American Council of Learned Societies, 1988.
Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. Detroit : Gale Group, 1998.
Periodicals
Anderson, Dave. "The Last Great White Hope." New York Times (September 15, 2002): section 7, p. 21.
"Rocky Drops His Idol, Gender Politics on Center Court." Newsweek (October 25, 1999): 61.
Other
"Rocky Marciano." American Decades CD-ROM. Detroit: Gale Group, 1998.
"Rocky Marciano." Apollo Movie Guide. http://www.apolloguide.com/mov_fullrev.asp?CID=1523=1531 (October 30, 2002).
"Rocky Marciano." Cyber Boxing Zone. http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/rocky.htm (October 15, 2002).
"Rocky Marciano." International Boxing Hall of Fame. http://www.ibhof.com/marciano.htm (October 15, 2002).
"Rocky Marciano." Internet Movie Database. http://us.imdb.com/Title?0183718 (October 30, 2002).
Sketch by Michael Belfiore
Des Moines , Iowa
American boxer
Boxer Rocky Marciano held the heavyweight boxing title for four years during the 1950s. He is the only boxing champion to ever retire undefeated.
His younger years
Rocky Marciano was born Rocco Francis Marchegiano on September 1, 1923, in Brockton, Massachusetts. His father, Pierino, worked at a shoe factory. His mother's name was Pasqualena. Rocky would spend much of his life making sure she would not live in the poverty he had known growing up. He worked many different jobs to help his family, including as a dishwasher, in a candy factory, as a gardener, and in a shoe factory.
As a youngster Rocky played baseball and football and dreamed of a professional career in one of those sports. He got into many fights when he thought he or his friends had been insulted, but he did not take up boxing until after 1943, when he was drafted into the army. He took the sport up because it helped him avoid "KP" ("kitchen police," soldiers who assisted the cooks) and other less desirable activities. He showed a natural ability and fought as an amateur following his discharge from the army in 1946. He won twenty-seven of his thirty fights.
Baseball dreams
In 1947 Marciano had a chance to fulfill his dream of being a baseball player. He was given a tryout with the Chicago Cubs as a catcher. He did not make the team, because he could not accurately throw from home plate to second base due to an arm injury he received in the army. It was the end of his baseball dreams. The following year he turned professional in the boxing ring.
By the spring of 1949 Marciano's boxing skills had received attention, after he knocked out his first sixteen opponents. The people he fought were not up to his level, but he learned much about the sport during this period. The quality of his opponents improved over the latter half of 1949 and 1950. Marciano continued to beat all opponents, knocking out most of them.
Proved doubters wrong
There were those who thought not much good would come from the 190-pound heavyweight from Brockton in the early days. Goody Petronelli, who was a famous fight trainer, saw one of Marciano's early fights. In a story for Sports Illustrated he said, "I never thought he'd make it. He was too old, almost twenty-five. He was too short, he was too light. He had no reach. Rough and tough, but no finesse [refinement]." The hometown folks believed in him, though. They traveled in groups to Marciano's fights in nearby Providence, Rhode Island , and yelled "Timmmmberrr" when Rocky had an opponent ready to go down.
Boxing technique
Charley Goldman was the trainer who taught Marciano his trademark technique, which would serve him well as champion. Marciano was shorter than many of his opponents and his arms were not as long. Goldman taught him to use these characteristics to his advantage. He told him to make himself smaller by bending his knees almost into a deep knee squat. This gave his opponents less targets on his body to hit. He learned to punch from that position, coming straight up almost from the floor with amazing power. Even with what seemed like a physical disadvantage, because of his training and will to win, Marciano turned out to be one of the best-conditioned athletes in sports.
Marciano defeats Joe Louis
By October 26, 1951, Marciano had thirty-seven wins and thirty-two knockouts under his belt. That was the day Marciano faced his most formidable (challenging) opponent—former heavyweight champion Joe Louis (1914–1981). Louis was past his prime, his best fighting years, and Marciano knocked him out in the eighth round. Marciano had such mixed feelings about beating a man he had considered his hero that he cried in Louis's dressing room after the fight. The fight established Marciano as one of the most famous fighters in the heavyweight division, and assured him of a chance to box for the title before too long.
Takes the Belt from Jersey Joe
After another five fights he got the chance to go for the title. Jersey Joe Walcott was the defending champion and Marciano was the challenger when the pair met in Philadelphia on September 23, 1952. Marciano won a victory that is remembered as typical of his tough-guy, never-say-die style. Marciano was behind on points and struggling all night. He would not give up and finally caught Walcott with a short, overhand right to the jaw in the thirteenth round. Walcott was knocked unconscious and Marciano won the championship belt.
His years as champion
Marciano defended his title only six times, but some of those fights are considered classics by boxing fans. He knocked out Walcott in the first round of their rematch in 1953. He then knocked out challenger Roland La Starza later that year.
Marciano won a decision against Ezzard Charles in 1954. He almost lost his title in their rematch later that year. In the sixth round Charles cut Marciano's nose so badly that his cornermen (the people who Marciano had in his corner of the ring) could not stop the bleeding. The ring doctor watched the cut closely and considered stopping the fight, but Marciano came back forcefully against Charles in the eighth round and knocked him out.
Marciano defended his title against Don Cockell in 1955 by a knockout. It was later learned that organized crime tried to get him to throw the fight.
Marciano's last fight was September 21, 1955, the third time he defended his title in Yankee Stadium. He knocked out Archie Moore in the ninth round. Over four hundred thousand North American viewers watched the bout on closed-circuit television.
Retired from boxing
On April 27, 1956, Marciano retired from boxing. He was thirty-one. "I thought it was a mistake when Joe Louis tried a comeback," he told the New York Times in an interview. "No man can say what he will do in the future, but barring poverty, the ring has seen the last of me. I am comfortably fixed, and I am not afraid of the future." He said he wanted to spend more time with his family. Some people have said that he also was upset because he had to pay half of his earnings to his manager.
The last years
After Marciano retired he made money from personal appearances. He was frugal (very careful with money). He preferred getting rides from friends who had private planes, even though he could usually be given paid transportation to and from any of his personal appearances.
On August 31, 1969, the day before his forty-sixth birthday, he died in a private-plane crash near Des Moines, Iowa. He was survived by his wife of nineteen years, Barbara, and his two children, Rocco Kevin and Mary Anne.
Marciano was never among the top boxers of all time in terms of skill, speed, or power, but he knew how to use the skills he had developed and his fans recognized his grit. One sportswriter commented that if all the heavyweight champions of all time were locked together in a room, Marciano would be the one to walk out.
For More Information
Skehan, Everett M. Rocky Marciano: The Biography of a First Son. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977.
Sullivan, Russell. Rocky Marciano: The Rock of His Times. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002.
Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.
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| i don't know |
Whose followers are Timid Toad, Reckless Rat, Artful Owl and Batty Bat? | '80s Actual: Captain Beaky: "Hissing Sid Is Innocent!"
From the 1981 Captain Beaky annual.
More Captain Beaky 1981 annual fun.
We had a lot to thank Keith Michell for in 1980....
He sang that funky little groover Captain Beaky - the record - and illustrated that sizzling best seller - Captain Beaky - the book!
Captain Beaky - the sheet music! Remember "Hissing Sid Is Innocent, OK?!"
The bravest animals in the land are Captain Beaky and his band
That's Timid Toad, Reckless Rat, Artful Owl and Batty Bat
They march through the woodlands singing songs
That tell how they have righted wrongs
Once Hissing Sid, an evil snake, kept the woodland folk awake
In fear and trembling every night
In case he gave someone a bite
Said Artful Owl, 'We'll lie in wait
And one of us will be the bait."
Said Captain Beaky, "Have no fear!
For I alone will volunteer!"
"No, make it me!" Said Reckless Rat
"I'll stand there in my reckless hat
When Hissing Sid picks up my trail,
I'll just lasso him with my tail!"
"Oh, good idea" said Timid Toad,
"We'll hide a long way down the road.
And when you've overcome resistance,
We'll rush along to your assistance."
Said Batty Bat, "I've got a wheeze!
I'll fly and hide up in the trees!
If Hissing Sid should slither by
I'll drop a boulder from the sky!"
Said Artful Owl, "The idea sound… how will you lift it off the ground?"
Poor Batty Bat just scratched his head,
"I hadn't thought of that," he said.
Said Owl "The rest of us hold back - There's only one that he'll attack."
Said Timid Toad, "I like your plan."
"Good luck," said Owl, "For you're the man!"
So Timid Toad, his eyes a-popping,
Into the woodland night went hopping
Captain Beaky waved his hand, followed by his trusty band
That's Artful Owl and Reckless Rat, and above the trees flew Batty Bat.
"Stop!" Said Beaky, "I hear squeaking!"
"It's Batty Bat" said Owl, "He's speaking!"
"It's all in code," said Reckless Rat
Said Owl, "I'll just decipher that."
"A dash, a dot, two short, two long…
I rather think we've got it wrong.
It reads 'can clearly see the road,
Hissing Sid has captured Toad!'"
"Quick men!" said Beaky, "No delay!
You mustn't let him get away!"
And leaping off, said "Follow me!"
And ran head first into a tree.
"Dot dot dot" squeaked Batty Bat.
Said Beaky, "Quick! Decipher that!"
Said Reckless Rat, "Perhaps we're gaining?"
"No," said Owl. "He says…it's raining"
Oh, how they ran to save poor Toad,
For they must find that snake's abode
Guided by old Batty Bat
Dot dot go this way dash, go that!
Then Hissing Sid's lair they spied
Were they too late? Was he inside?
Said Reckless Rat, "I'll get a pole
And stop him going down his hole!"
Then into sight the snake came hopping,
Right past his hole, no sign of stopping
Said Reckless Rat, "That's rather funny,
"There's something jumping in his tummy."
Said Captain Beaky, "Well I'm blowed!
Hissing Sid has swallowed Toad!"
And as the snake hopped out of sight,
Off they chased into the night.
At last they found him, tired and dizzy
And pulled out Toad, who said "Where is he?
For left alone, I felt quite sick,
And hopped into a hollow stick"
Said Owl, "A clever step to take!
You jumped into that slippery snake."
"That was brave of Toad", said Rat
"That's just my sort of plan!" said Bat
Said Captain Beaky to his men,
"Well we'll not see Hissing Sid again!"
And as they marched off down the road,
They sang in praise of Timid Toad
Above them flew ol' Batty Bat,
With his wings stretched out, like that
Owl's idea, the clever fella
To have a flying um-ber-ella
The origins of Captain Beaky stretched back over twenty years. The name came about because the author, Jeremy Lloyd (creator of Are You Being Served?), was nicknamed “Captain Beaky” at school because of his rather long nose.
Over a period of twenty years, Mr Lloyd scribbled down various short poems on the backs of envelopes, film scripts and in letters to friends - featuring such characters as Dilys the Dachschund, Harold the lonely frog, and Captain Beaky and his band.
In 1977, a book of these poems was published, and an album of music was released. The music was written by Jim Parker. The album featured such stars as Peter Sellers and Twiggy, but neither book nor record sold well. The band’s rise to fame in 1980 was brought about after Radio One DJ Noel Edmunds heard Captain Beaky on Junior Choice and played it on his own show.
Captain Beaky, the single, charted at No. 40 in February 1980 and had soon crashed into the Top Ten, reaching No. 5.
I well remember the impact. I don't personally believe that Hissing Sid was innocent, but the slogan cropped up everywhere, sprayed on numerous brick walls, scrawled on school exercise books, inscribed on car stickers, badges...
My mate Pete and I had a bit of a ding dong about it.
Said Pete: "Sid was probably asleep - with his mouth open. Toad said he hopped in voluntarily, thinking Sid was a hollow stick."
"Rubbish," said I, or words to that effect. "Hissing Sid was out to capture Toad - it was a trap!"
"You know your trouble, mate? You always think you're right!" said Pete, huffily.
"Huh! That's rich comin' from YOU!" I sulked...
In retrospect, it seems the controversy might have been a symptom of an endearingly whimsical streak infecting the general population.
Or were we just stupid?
Posted by
| Captain Beaky and His Band |
What was the pirate Blackbeard’s real name? | Silliest UK hit ever - Page 4 - British Expats
Silliest UK hit ever
Re: Silliest UK hit ever
Quote:
Originally posted by CHnJ
32 (but a late starter) and I was just scuffling around my HHD to find whose remix of little fluffy clouds I have that I liked.
oooh oooh oooh post a link if you can!!!!! pleeeeeeeaaaaassseeee!
Location: The Green behind the Gold
Posts: 885
Re: Silliest UK hit ever
Quote:
A field where we could get the doors of the Mk2 Escorts, Cortinas wide open : ))
Re: Silliest UK hit ever
Quote:
Originally posted by CHnJ
32 (but a late starter) and I was just scuffling around my HHD to find whose remix of little fluffy clouds I have that I liked.
seeing as how i have managed to stumble across some like minded folk thought i might post this 4 u http://www.tapesgalore.co.uk/page2.htm
__________________
Re: Silliest UK hit ever
Quote:
Originally posted by wengerboy
seeing as how i have managed to stumble across some like minded folk thought i might post this 4 u http://www.tapesgalore.co.uk/page2.htm
Ta Wenger - will have a sift though
Re: Silliest UK hit ever
Quote:
Originally posted by wengerboy
seeing as how i have managed to stumble across some like minded folk thought i might post this 4 u http://www.tapesgalore.co.uk/page2.htm
right i`m off 2 the pictures now(brother bear) if you want a tape suggestion from this site parks and wilson (think it`s old skool or anthems)best tape in the land (live at the eclipse)
__________________
Location: Keep true friends and puppets close, trust no-one else...
Posts: 90,011
Re: Silliest UK hit ever
Quote:
"The Trumpton Riots" were good (half-man half-biscuit?)
'Time flies by when you're the driver of a train
Steaming out of Trumpton with a cargo of cocaine'
LOL
Loved Trumpton as a kid and still (***** ******** permitting) have an LP of the songs - though not that version!!!
__________________
So when you think of me do so with pride, Honour and Bravery ruled by my side.
And in your memory I will remain; I will forever be within the flame.....
Don't shed a tear for me,I stand alone. This path of destiny is all my own.
Once in the hands of fate,there is no choice, An echo on the wind,you'll hear my voice............"
Location: The Green behind the Gold
Posts: 885
Re: Silliest UK hit ever
Quote:
Originally posted by wengerboy
seeing as how i have managed to stumble across some like minded folk thought i might post this 4 u http://www.tapesgalore.co.uk/page2.htm
Wengerboy - that's straight into my favourites (Actually I use backflip so's I can get 'em anywhere)
Larissa. I've found orb remixes of pink floyd and primal scream but not a cloud to be found fluffy or otherwise ... I'll check my other machine later.
Re: Silliest UK hit ever
Ta ChnJ - you're a star... gotta get my fix of fluffy clouds soon!!
Location: Wigan - NZ- Wigan - who knows???
Posts: 252
O think I am a tad older than you guys, How 'bowt these beauts.
Kelly Marie 'My head is in a spin'
DISCO 'ottawa'
And for you ldies you may remember a band who where on
Hughie Greens, I think it was called New Faces.
'Our Kid' with 'Don't look back you just might see me cry'.
Ooohhh those memories.
Jo
__________________
Wigan is the oldest town in the borough of Lancashire. The battle of Wigan Lane was the last one to be fought in the civil war. It was an old Roman Garrison which it's name then was Coccium which dates back to 200AD.
Location: Lion in da jungle
Posts: 22,718
Quote:
Originally posted by HiddenPaw
wasn't Elkie Brooks also the one who sang that ridiculous song about leaving a cake out in the rain?
Someone left the cake out in the rain
I don't think that I can take it
Cos it took so long to bake it
And I'll never have that recipe again
??
I remember Donna Summer doing it but not Elkie.
Wasn't the original by Peter Sarvstedt ?
__________________
2 lions walking down mane street and one said to the other "Not many people about are there?"
Location: peterlee, county durham
Posts: 2
There's a strange little song I remember my dad singing when I was a kid...something about Hissing Sid and Captain Beaky and his band...or something like that. Anybody remember it? I can remember one of the lines was something like ..."The bravest animals in the land were Captain Beaky and his band"...then it went on to name them and the last one was Hissing Sid! It's so long since I heard the song that I don't even remember the tune or anything! I'd be very happy if somebody could help me find it.
Nx
I remember Donna Summer doing it but not Elkie.
Wasn't the original by Peter Sarvstedt ?
No the original was Richard Harris old Dumbledore himself.
And called McArthur Park. It's actually a bit surreal for me but there...
:lecture:
Quote:
Originally posted by nerac
There's a strange little song I remember my dad singing when I was a kid...something about Hissing Sid and Captain Beaky and his band...or something like that. Anybody remember it? I can remember one of the lines was something like ..."The bravest animals in the land were Captain Beaky and his band"...then it went on to name them and the last one was Hissing Sid! It's so long since I heard the song that I don't even remember the tune or anything! I'd be very happy if somebody could help me find it.
Nx
crikey!!!!
That was a silly one!!!!
was it sung by captain sensible (the one and only)?? I know he sang happy talk (the man really was on drugs!!)
black lace 12 inch version of superman
or fiddlers dram day trip to bangor
I Know What's Going On!
Location: On The Outside Looking In!
Posts: 1,499
Quote:
Originally posted by nerac
There's a strange little song I remember my dad singing when I was a kid...something about Hissing Sid and Captain Beaky and his band...or something like that. Anybody remember it? I can remember one of the lines was something like ..."The bravest animals in the land were Captain Beaky and his band"...then it went on to name them and the last one was Hissing Sid! It's so long since I heard the song that I don't even remember the tune or anything! I'd be very happy if somebody could help me find it.
Nx
That would be Keith Michell 'Captain Beaky & His Band'. He then had a follow up hit with 'The Trial Of Hissing Sid'.
Captain Beaky
This song is too catchy. I mean it. Walking round in public singing it is not a good idea. People look at you funny. Basically the brave and somewhat inept Beaky and team manage to defeat an evil snake that's been eating small critters in the woods. They win by luck, but hey, there's nothing wrong with that...
The bravest animals in the land are Captain Beaky and his band
That's Timid Toad, Reckless Rat, Artful Owl and Batty Bat
They march through the woodlands singing songs
That tell how they have righted wrongs
Once Hissing Sid, an evil snake, kept the woodland folk awake
In fear and trembling every night
In case he gave someone a bite
Said Artful Owl, 'We'll lie in wait
And one of us will be the bait."
Said Captain Beaky, "Have no fear! For I alone will volunteer!"
"No, make it me!" Said Reckless Rat
I'll stand there in my reckless hat
When Hissing Sid picks up my trail,
I'll just lasso him with my tail!"
"Oh, good idea" said Timid Toad, "We'll hide a long way down the road.
And when you've overcome resistance,
We'll rush along to your assistance."
Said Batty Bat, "I've got a wheeze!
I'll fly and hide up in the trees!
If Hissing Sid should slither by
I'll drop a boulder from the sky!"
Said Artful Owl, "The idea sound…how will you lift it off the ground?"
Poor Batty Bat just scratched his head,
"I hadn't thought of that," he said.
Said Owl, "The rest of us hold back. There's only one that he'll attack."
Said Timid Toad, "I like your plan."
"Good luck," said Owl, "For you're the man!"
So Timid Toad, his eyes a-popping,
Into the woodland night went hopping
Captain Beaky waved his hand, followed by his trusty band
That's Artful Owl and Reckless Rat, and above the trees flew Batty Bat.
"Stop!" Said Beaky, "I hear squeaking!"
"It's Batty Bat" said Owl, "He's speaking!"
"It's all in code," said Reckless Rat
Said Owl, "I'll just decipher that."
"A dash, a dot, two short, two long…
I rather think we've got it wrong.
It reads 'can clearly see the road,
Hissing Sid has captured Toad!'"
"Quick men!" said Beaky, "No delay!
"You mustn't let him get away!"
And leaping off, said "Follow me!"
And ran head first into a tree.
"Dot dot dot" squeaked Batty Bat.
Said Beaky, "Quick! Decipher that!"
Said Reckless Rat, "Perhaps we're gaining?"
"No," said Owl. "He says…it's raining"
Oh, how they ran to save poor Toad,
For they must find that snake's abode
Guided by old Batty Bat
Dot dot go this way dash, go that!
Then Hissing Sid's lair they spied
Were they too late? Was he inside?
Said Reckless Rat, "I'll get a pole
And stop him going down his hole!"
Then into sight the snake came hopping,
Right past his hole, no sign of stopping
Said Reckless Rat, "That's rather funny,
"There's something jumping in his tummy."
Said Captain Beaky, "Well I'm blowed!
Hissing Sid has swallowed Toad!"
And as the snake hopped out of sight,
Off they chased into the night.
At last they found him, tired and dizzy
And pulled out Toad, who said "Where is he?
For left alone, I felt quite sick,
And hopped into a hollow stick
Said Owl, "A clever step to take!
You jumped into that slippery snake."
"That was brave of Toad", said Rat
"That's just my sort of plan!" said Bat
Said Captain Beaky to his men,
"Well we'll not see Hissing Sid again!"
And as they marched off down the road,
They sang in praise of Timid Toad
Above them flew ol' Batty Bat,
With his wings stretched out, like that
Owl's idea, the clever fella
To have a flying um-ber-ella
Steve.
| i don't know |
Where did the failed US backed landing in Cuba take place in 1961? | The Bay of Pigs invasion begins - Apr 17, 1961 - HISTORY.com
Within the CIA, the Bay of Pigs invasion of April 1961 was regarded as the "perfect failure."
Cold War
The Bay of Pigs invasion begins
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The Bay of Pigs invasion begins when a CIA-financed and -trained group of Cuban refugees lands in Cuba and attempts to topple the communist government of Fidel Castro. The attack was an utter failure.
Fidel Castro had been a concern to U.S. policymakers since he seized power in Cuba with a revolution in January 1959. Castro’s attacks on U.S. companies and interests in Cuba, his inflammatory anti-American rhetoric, and Cuba’s movement toward a closer relationship with the Soviet Union led U.S. officials to conclude that the Cuban leader was a threat to U.S. interests in the Western Hemisphere. In March 1960, President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the CIA to train and arm a force of Cuban exiles for an armed attack on Cuba. John F. Kennedy inherited this program when he became president in 1961.
Though many of his military advisors indicated that an amphibious assault on Cuba by a group of lightly armed exiles had little chance for success, Kennedy gave the go-ahead for the attack. On April 17, 1961, around 1,200 exiles, armed with American weapons and using American landing craft, waded ashore at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba. The hope was that the exile force would serve as a rallying point for the Cuban citizenry, who would rise up and overthrow Castro’s government. The plan immediately fell apart–the landing force met with unexpectedly rapid counterattacks from Castro’s military, the tiny Cuban air force sank most of the exiles’ supply ships, the United States refrained from providing necessary air support, and the expected uprising never happened. Over 100 of the attackers were killed, and more than 1,100 were captured.
The failure at the Bay of Pigs cost the United States dearly. Castro used the attack by the “Yankee imperialists” to solidify his power in Cuba and he requested additional Soviet military aid. Eventually that aid included missiles, and the construction of missile bases in Cuba sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, when the United States and the Soviet Union nearly came to blows over the issue. Further, throughout much of Latin America, the United States was pilloried for its use of armed force in trying to unseat Castro, a man who was considered a hero to many for his stance against U.S. interference and imperialism. Kennedy tried to redeem himself by publicly accepting blame for the attack and its subsequent failure, but the botched mission left the young president looking vulnerable and indecisive.
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| Bay of Pigs |
Which famous play was set in Elsinor? | Cuba profile - Timeline - BBC News
Cuba profile - Timeline
A chronology of key events
1492 - The navigator Christopher Columbus claims Cuba for Spain.
Guerrillas on the go
Image copyright Getty Images
Revolutionaries led by Fidel Castro staged a successful revolt against dictator Fulgencio Batista
1511 - Spanish conquest begins under the leadership of Diego de Velazquez, who establishes Baracoa and other settlements.
1526 - Importing of slaves from Africa begins.
1762 - Havana captured by a British force led by Admiral George Pocock and Lord Albemarle.
1763 - Havana returned to Spain by the Treaty of Paris.
Wars of independence
1868-78 - Ten Years War of independence ends in a truce with Spain promising reforms and greater autonomy - promises that were mostly never met.
1886 - Slavery abolished.
1895-98 - Jose Marti leads a second war of independence; US declares war on Spain.
1898 - US defeats Spain, which gives up all claims to Cuba and cedes it to the US.
US tutelage
1902 - Cuba becomes independent with Tomas Estrada Palma as its president; however, the Platt Amendment keeps the island under US protection and gives the US the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.
1906-09 - Estrada resigns and the US occupies Cuba following a rebellion led by Jose Miguel Gomez.
Fulgencio Batista
1909 - Jose Miguel Gomez becomes president following elections supervised by the US, but is soon tarred by corruption.
1912 - US forces return to Cuba to help put down black protests against discrimination.
1924 - Gerado Machado institutes vigorous measures, forwarding mining, agriculture and public works, but subsequently establishing a brutal dictatorship.
1925 - Socialist Party founded, forming the basis of the Communist Party.
1933 - Machado overthrown in a coup led by Sergeant Fulgencio Batista.
1934 - The US abandons its right to intervene in Cuba's internal affairs, revises Cuba's sugar quota and changes tariffs to favour Cuba.
1944 - Batista retires and is succeeded by the civilian Ramon Gray San Martin.
1952 - Batista seizes power again and presides over an oppressive and corrupt regime.
1953 - Fidel Castro leads an unsuccessful revolt against the Batista regime.
1956 - Castro lands in eastern Cuba from Mexico and takes to the Sierra Maestra mountains where, aided by Ernesto "Che" Guevara, he wages a guerrilla war.
Cuban missile crisis
Image copyright Getty Images
US accusations - backed up by aerial pictures - that Russia was installing missiles on Cuba brought the superpowers to the brink of war
1958 - The US withdraws military aid to Batista.
Triumph of the revolution
1959 - Castro leads a 9,000-strong guerrilla army into Havana, forcing Batista to flee. Castro becomes prime minister, his brother, Raul, becomes his deputy and Guevara becomes third in command.
1960 - All US businesses in Cuba are nationalised without compensation.
1961 - Washington breaks off all diplomatic relations with Havana.
The US sponsors an abortive invasion by Cuban exiles at the Bay of Pigs; Castro proclaims Cuba a communist state and begins to ally it with the USSR.
1962 - Cuban missile crisis ignites when, fearing a US invasion, Castro agrees to allow the USSR to deploy nuclear missiles on the island. The crisis was subsequently resolved when the USSR agreed to remove the missiles in return for the withdrawal of US nuclear missiles from Turkey.
Organisation of American States (OAS) suspends Cuba over its "incompatible" adherence to Marxism-Leninism.
1965 - Cuba's sole political party renamed the Cuban Communist Party.
Image copyright Getty Images
Image caption A group of exiled counter-revolutionaries are held under arrest after their failed, US-backed invasion at the Bay of Pigs in 1961
1972 - Cuba becomes a full member of the Soviet-based Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.
Interventions in Africa
1976 - Cuban Communist Party approves a new socialist constitution; Castro elected president.
Image copyright Getty Images
Image caption A military parade in Havana in 1976 marks the anniversary of the revoluton
1976-81 - Cuba sends troops first to help Angola's left-wing MPLA withstand a joint onslaught by South Africa, Unita and the FNLA and, later, to help the Ethiopian regime defeat the Eritreans and Somalis.
1980 - Around 125,000 Cubans, many of them released convicts, flee to the US.
1982 - Cuba, together with other Latin American states, gives Argentina moral support in its dispute with Britain over the Falkland islands.
1988 - Cuba agrees to withdraw its troops from Angola following an agreement with South Africa.
Surviving without the USSR
1991 - Soviet military advisers leave Cuba following the collapse of the USSR.
1993 - The US tightens its embargo on Cuba, which introduces some market reforms in order to stem the deterioration of its economy. These include the legalisation of the US dollar, the transformation of many state farms into semi-autonomous cooperatives, and the legalisation of limited individual private enterprise.
1994 - Cuba signs an agreement with the US according to which the US agrees to admit 20,000 Cubans a year in return for Cuba halting the exodus of refugees.
Fidel Castro
1996 - US trade embargo made permanent in response to Cuba's shooting down of two US aircraft operated by Miami-based Cuban exiles.
1998 - Pope John Paul II visits Cuba.
1998 - The US eases restrictions on the sending of money to relatives by Cuban Americans.
1999 November - Cuban child Elian Gonzalez is picked up off the Florida coast after the boat in which his mother, stepfather and others had tried to escape to the US capsized. A huge campaign by Miami-based Cuban exiles begins with the aim of preventing Elian from rejoining his father in Cuba and of making him stay with relatives in Miami.
2000 June - Elian allowed to rejoin his father in Cuba after prolonged court battles.
2000 October - US House of Representatives approves the sale of food and medicines to Cuba.
Poster boy for revolution
Image copyright Getty Images
Argentina-born Che Guevara was a close aide to Fidel Castro and became an icon of revolutionary spirit
2000 December - Russian President Vladimir Putin visits Cuba and signs accords aimed at boosting bilateral ties.
2001 October - Cuba angrily criticises Russia's decision to shut down the Lourdes radio-electronic centre on the island, saying President Putin took the decision as "a special gift" to US President George W Bush ahead of a meeting between the two.
2001 November - US exports food to Cuba for the first time in more than 40 years after a request from the Cuban government to help it cope with the aftermath of Hurricane Michelle.
Spotlight on Guantanamo
2002 January - Prisoners taken during US-led action in Afghanistan are flown into Guantanamo Bay for interrogation as al-Qaeda suspects.
2002 January - Russia's last military base in Cuba, at Lourdes, closes down.
2002 April - Diplomatic crisis after UN Human Rights Commission again criticises Cuba's rights record. The resolution is sponsored by Uruguay and supported by many of Cuba's former allies including Mexico. Uruguay breaks off ties with Cuba after Castro says it is a US lackey.
2002 May - US Under Secretary of State John Bolton accuses Cuba of trying to develop biological weapons, adding the country to Washington's list of "axis of evil" countries.
Musical legend
BBC Music: Compay Segundo
2002 May - Former US president Jimmy Carter makes a goodwill visit which includes a tour of scientific centres, in response to US allegations about biological weapons. Carter is the first former or serving US president to visit Cuba since the 1959 revolution.
2002 June - National Assembly amends the constitution to make socialist system of government permanent and untouchable. Castro called for the vote following criticisms from US President George W Bush.
Dissidents jailed
2003 March-April - ''Black Spring'' crackdown on dissidents draws international condemnation. 75 people are jailed for terms of up to 28 years; three men who hijacked a ferry to try reach the US are executed.
2003 June - EU halts high-level official visits to Cuba in protest at the country's recent human rights record.
2004 April - UN Human Rights Commission censures Cuba over its rights record. Cuban foreign minister describes resolution - which passed by single vote - as "ridiculous".
2004 May - US sanctions restrict US-Cuba family visits and cash remittances from expatriates.
2004 October - President Castro announces ban on transactions in US dollars, and imposes 10% tax on dollar-peso conversions.
Dissident writer
Cuba frees dissident
2005 January - Havana says it is resuming diplomatic contacts with the EU, frozen in 2003 following a crackdown on dissidents.
2005 May - Around 200 dissidents hold a public meeting, said by organisers to be the first such gathering since the 1959 revolution.
2005 July - Hurricane Dennis causes widespread destruction and leaves 16 people dead.
2006 February - Propaganda war in Havana as President Castro unveils a monument which blocks the view of illuminated messages - some of them about human rights - displayed on the US mission building.
Castro hospitalised
2006 July - President Fidel Castro undergoes gastric surgery and temporarily hands over control of the government to his brother, Raul.
2006 December - Fidel Castro's failure to appear at a parade to mark the 50th anniversary of his return to Cuba from exile prompts renewed speculation about his future.
2007 April - A lawyer and a journalist are given lengthy jail terms after secret trials, which rights activists see as a sign of a crackdown on opposition activity.
2007 May - Castro fails to appear at Havana's annual May Day parade. Days later he says he has had several operations.
Anger as the US drops charges against veteran anti-Castro militant Luis Posada Carriles, who is a former CIA operative and Cuba's "Public Enemy No. 1" accused of downing a Cuban airliner.
2007 July - First time since 1959 that Revolution Day is celebrated without Castro present.
2007 December - Castro says in a letter read on Cuban TV that he does not intend to cling to power indefinitely.
Fidel steps down
2008 February - Raul Castro takes over as president, days after Fidel announces his retirement.
2008 May - Bans on private ownership of mobile phones and computers lifted.
Anger as US frees militant
Image copyright Getty Images
2008 June - Plans are announced to abandon salary equality. The move is seen as a radical departure from the orthodox Marxist economic principles observed since the 1959 revolution.
EU lifts diplomatic sanctions imposed on Cuba in 2003 over crackdown on dissidents.
2008 July - In an effort to boost Cuba's lagging food production and reduce dependence on food imports, the government relaxes restrictions on the amount of land available to private farmers.
2008 September - Hurricanes Gustav and Ike inflict worst storm damage in Cuba's recorded history, with 200,000 left homeless and their crops destroyed.
2008 October - State oil company says estimated 20bn barrels in offshore fields, being double previous estimates.
European Union restores ties.
Ties with Russia revitalised
2008 November - Russian President Dmitry Medvedev visits. Two countries concude new trade and economic accords in sign of strengthening relations. Raul Castro pays reciprocal visit to Russia in January 2009.
Chinese President Hu Jintao visits to sign trade and investment accords, including agreements to continue buying Cuban nickel and sugar.
2008 December - Russian warships visit Havana for first time since end of Cold War.
Government says 2008 most difficult year for economy since collapse of Soviet Union. Growth nearly halved to 4.3%.
Capital: Havana
Founded in 1519
Became capital in 1607
2009 March - Two leading figures from Fidel era, Cabinet Secretary Carlos Lage and Foreign Minister Felipe Perez Roque, resign after admitting "errors". First government reshuffle since resignation of Fidel Castro.
US Congress votes to lift Bush Administration restrictions on Cuban-Americans visiting Havana and sending back money.
2009 April - US President Barack Obama says he wants a new beginning with Cuba.
Crisis measures
2009 May - Government unveils austerity programme to try to cut energy use and offset impact of global financial crisis.
2009 June - Organisation of American States (OAS) votes to lift ban on Cuban membership imposed in 1962. Cuba welcomes decision, but says it has no plans to rejoin.
2009 July - Cuba signs agreement with Russia allowing oil exploration in Cuban waters of Gulf of Mexico.
2010 February - Political prisoner Orlando Zapata Tamayo dies after 85 days on hunger strike.
2010 May - Wives and mothers of political prisoners are allowed to hold demonstration after archbishop of Havana, Jaime Ortega, intervenes on their behalf.
2010 July - President Castro agrees to free 52 dissidents under a deal brokered by the Church and Spain. Several go into exile.
2010 September - Radical plans for massive government job cuts to revive the economy. Analysts see proposals as biggest private sector shift since the 1959 revolution.
2011 January - US President Barack Obama relaxes restrictions on travel to Cuba. Havana says the measures don't go far enough.
2011 March - Last two political prisoners detained during 2003 crackdown are released.
Reforms gather pace
2011 April - Communist Party Congress says it will look into possibility of allowing Cuban citizens to travel abroad as tourists.
2011 August - National Assembly approves economic reforms aimed at encouraging private enterprise and reducing state bureaucracy.
Image copyright Getty Images
Image caption Pope Benedict - pictured with Raul Castro - criticized both the US and Cuba during his visit
2011 November - Cuba passes law allowing individuals to buy and sell private property for first time in 50 years.
2011 December - The authorities release 2,500 prisoners, including some convicted of political crimes, as part of an amnesty ahead of a papal visit.
2012 March - Pope Benedict visits, criticising the US trade embargo on Cuba and calling for greater rights on the island.
2012 April - Cuba marks Good Friday with a public holiday for the first time since recognition of religious holidays stopped in 1959.
2012 June - Cuba re-imposes customs duty on all food imports in effort to curb selling of food aid sent by Cubans abroad on the commercial market. Import duties had been liberalised in 2008 after series of hurricanes caused severe shortages.
2012 October - Spanish politican Angel Carromero is jailed for manslaughter over the death of high-profile Catholic dissident Oswaldo Paya. Mr Carromero was driving the car when, according to the authorities, it crashed into a tree. Mr Paya's family say the car was rammed off the road after he had received death threats.
The government abolishes the requirement for citizens to buy expensive exit permits when seeking to travel abroad. Highly-qualified professionals such as doctors. engineers and scientists will still require permission to travel, in order to prevent a brain drain.
2012 November - President Raul Castro says the eastern province of Santiago was hard hit by Hurricane Sandy, with 11 people dead and more than 188,000 homes damaged. A United Nations report says Sandy destroyed almost 100,000 hectares of crops.
Raul's second term
2013 February - The National Assembly re-elects Raul Castro as president. He says he will stand down at the end of his second term in 2018, by which time he will be 86.
2013 July - Five prominent veteran politicians, including Fidel Castro ally and former parliament leader Ricardo Alarcon, are removed from the Communist Party's Central Committee in what President Raul Castro calls a routine change of personnel.
2014 January - First phase of a deepwater sea port is inaugurated by Brazil and Cuba at Mariel, a rare large foreign investment project on the island.
2014 March - Cuba agrees to a European Union invitation to begin talks to restore relations and boost economic ties, on condition of progress on human rights. The EU suspended ties in 1996.
2014 July - Russian President Vladimir Putin visits during a tour of Latin America, says Moscow will cancel billions of dollars of Cuban debt from Soviet times.
Chinese President Xi Jinping visits, signs bilateral accords.
2014 September/October - Cuba sends hundreds of frontline medical staff to West African countries hit by the Ebola epidemic.
Rapprochement with USA
2014 December - In a surprise development, US President Barack Obama and Cuba's President Raul Castro announce moves to normalise diplomatic relations between the two countries, severed for more than 50 years.
2015 January - Washington eases some travel and trade restrictions on Cuba.
Two days of historic talks between the US and Cuba take place in Havana, with both sides agreeing to meet again. The discussions focus on restoring diplomatic relations but no date is set for the reopening of embassies in both countries.
President Raul Castro calls on President Obama to use his executive powers to bypass Congress and lift the US economic embargo on Cuba.
2015 February - Cuban and US diplomats say they have made progress in talks in Washington to restore full relations.
2015 May - Cuba establishes banking ties with US, which drops country from list of states that sponsor terrorism.
2015 July - Cuba and US reopen embassies and exchange charges d'affaires.
2015 December - Cuban and US officials hold preliminary talks on mutual compensation.
2016 January - US eases a number of trade restrictions with Cuba.
2016 March - Cuba and the European Union agree to normalise relations.
US President Barack Obama visits Cuba in the first US presidential visit there in 88 years.
2016 May - Cuba takes steps to legalise small and medium-sized businesses as part of economic reforms.
Fidel Castro's death
2016 November - Fidel Castro, former president and leader of the Cuban revolution, dies at the age of 90. Cuba declares nine days of national mourning.
2017 January - Washington ends a long-standing policy which grants Cuban immigrants the right to remain in the US without a visa.
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Which English king was married to Henrietta Maria? | Biography of Queen Henrietta Maria
» Biographies » Queen Henrietta Maria
Queen Henrietta Maria, 1609-69
Loyal, courageous and devoted to King Charles I, but her influence added to the atmosphere of mistrust that surrounded the King.
Henrietta Maria was born in Paris on 26 November 1609 (NS), the youngest daughter of King Henri IV of France and Marie de Medici. She was taught riding, dancing and singing and received religious instruction from the Carmelite nuns. Her marriage to Charles, Prince of Wales, required a special dispensation from the Pope because it was the first time that a Catholic princess had married a Protestant prince. Politically, it was a move towards an alliance between France and England against Spain.
The marriage took place in May 1625 when Henrietta was 15 and Charles was 24. Her Catholicism alarmed the English Parliament, and she was not allowed to be crowned alongside her husband when he succeeded to the throne of the Three Kingdoms as King Charles I in February 1626.
Catholic Queen Consort
Apart from their religious differences, the royal couple were opposites in character and temperament: Charles was sober and aloof, Henrietta was stylish and vivacious. During the first three years of their marriage, Charles was influenced by his overbearing favourite the Duke of Buckingham , and neglected Henrietta Maria almost to the point of estrangement. But when Buckingham was assassinated in 1628, Charles transferred his affections to the Queen, and they quickly became devoted to one another.
During the 1630s, the court of King Charles and Queen Henrietta Maria was admired throughout Europe. The King's impeccable taste in art and the formality of court ritual gave an appearance of sophistication; the Queen's encouragement of dancing, music and theatre added warmth and polite gaiety. Elaborate masques were staged by Inigo Jones and Ben Jonson to dramatise the ideals of the Stuart monarchy. To the horror of many Puritans, the Queen herself sometimes took part in the performances.
Increasingly, King Charles discussed affairs of state with Henrietta Maria. He valued her opinions and advice, but because she remained a practising Roman Catholic, her influence was viewed with extreme suspicion, particularly as several prominent courtiers converted to Catholicism and a papal representative was received in England for the first time since the Reformation. When the King needed money to finance the Bishops' Wars (1639-40), the Queen raised funds by appealing to English Catholics. Her further appeals to the Vatican itself fuelled Protestant fears of a Popish conspiracy against England. She was even suspected of inciting the Irish Uprising of 1641. Rumours that members of the Long Parliament were planning to impeach the Queen prompted King Charles to make his disastrous attempt to arrest the Five Members in January 1642.
“She-Majesty, Generalissima”
In February 1642, when civil war looked inevitable, Henrietta Maria left England for the Netherlands—the King galloping along the cliff tops to keep her ship in sight until the last sail had vanished below the horizon. She spent almost a year in The Hague, raising loans, buying weapons and recruiting troops for the Royalist cause. By selling or pawning jewels, she raised a large fortune which financed several convoys of weapons and ammunition and a company of veteran professional soldiers to fight for the King. Braving storms and attack by Parliament's warships, she returned to England in February 1643, landing at Bridlington in Yorkshire.
Henrietta stayed with the Earl (later Marquis) of Newcastle at York. She participated in Newcastle's secret negotiations with the Parliamentarian commanders Sir Hugh Cholmley at Scarborough and Sir John Hotham at Hull. Persuaded by the Queen, Cholmley defected and delivered Scarborough Castle to the Royalists. By the summer of 1643, Royalist victories in the Midlands made it relatively safe for Henrietta to move south at the head of her army, styling herself "Her She-Majesty, Generalissima". On 13 July 1643, she was reunited with the King, who had chosen the site of the battlefield of Edgehill as a suitably dramatic rendezvous. They made a triumphal entry into Oxford the following day.
The Queen remained at Oxford until 1644. She attempted to arrange a marriage between the Prince of Wales and the daughter of the Prince of Orange in the hope that the Dutch would intervene in the war against Parliament. When she became pregnant with her ninth child, she decided to withdraw to Bath for her confinement and parted from King Charles at Abingdon on 17 April 1644—the last time they would see one another. The Earl of Essex was marching into the West Country and forced the Queen to withdraw further west to Exeter, where she gave birth to a daughter on 16 June. Fearing that Essex intended to take her hostage, she took ship from Falmouth on 14 July 1644 and escaped to France.
Granted a small allowance by the French government, Henrietta Maria established households at the palace of St Germain and the Louvre. She kept up an intimate correspondence with King Charles in England, doing her best to persuade him to be more flexible in negotiations after his military defeat in 1645, and tirelessly engaging in schemes and intrigues to gain foreign help for the Royalist cause.
Dowager Queen Mother
| Charles I |
What did Demi Moore remove to play the role of G.I. Jane? | Henrietta Maria
Henrietta Maria
Student Activities
Henrietta Maria, the youngest child of Henri IV of France, was born in 1609. After the assassination of her father in 1610 Henrietta Maria was brought up by her mother, Marie de Medicis.
In 1625 she married Charles I . As she was a Roman Catholic, this marriage was not very popular with the English people. The Puritans were particularly unhappy when they heard that the king had promised that Henrietta Maria would be allowed to practise her religion freely and would have the responsibility for the upbringing of their children until they reached the age of thirteen.
The couple had six children, Charles (1630-1685), Mary (1631-1660), James (1633-1701), Elizabeth (1635-1680), Henry (1640-1660) and Henrietta (1644-1670). Sophia of Bavaria met Henrietta Maria in 1641. She later recalled: "I was surprised to find that the Queen, who looked so fine in the Van Dyck painting, was a small woman... with long skinny arms and teeth like defence works projecting from her mouth."
In 1642 Henrietta Maria fled to Holland where she raised funds for the Royalist army. She wrote to Charles I on 23rd February, 1643: "All day we unloaded our ammunition... The cannon balls whistled over me; and as you can imagine I did not like the music... I went on foot some distance from the village, and got shelter in a ditch. But before I could reach it the balls sang merrily over our heads and a sergeant was killed twenty paces from me. Under this shelter we remained two hours, the bullets flying over us, and sometimes covering us with earth... by land and sea I have been in some danger, but God has preserved me." She returned briefly in 1644 but left for France when it became clear that the Parliamentary army was winning the Civil War .
Henrietta Maria visited England twice during the reign of her son, Charles II .
Henrietta Maria died in 1669.
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Chess Champion Bobby Fischer ended his days exiled on which island? | Bobby Fischer, Troubled Genius of Chess, Dies at 64 - The New York Times
The New York Times
Chess |Bobby Fischer, Troubled Genius of Chess, Dies at 64
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Correction Appended
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Boris Spassky and Mr. Fischer, right, met at the XIX World Chess Olympiad in Siegen, Germany, in 1970. Credit Heinz Ducklau/Associated Press
Bobby Fischer , the Chicago-born, Brooklyn-bred genius who became one of the greatest chess players the world has ever seen, died on Thursday in Reykjavik, Iceland . He was 64.
For decades he had lived in obscurity, ultimately settling in Reykjavik after renouncing his American citizenship.
Gardar Sverrisson, a close friend of Mr. Fischer’s, confirmed the death, telling wire services that the cause was kidney failure. Mr. Fischer was said to have been ill at home for some time before being admitted to a hospital on Wednesday.
Mr. Fischer was the most powerful American player in history, and the most enigmatic. After scaling the heights of fame, he all but dropped out of chess, losing money and friends and living under self-imposed exile in Budapest, Japan, possibly in the Philippines and Switzerland, and finally in Iceland, moving there in 2005 and becoming a citizen.
When he emerged now and then, it was sometimes on the radio, ranting in increasingly belligerent terms against the United States and Jews. His rationality was questioned.
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In 1992, he came out of a long seclusion for a $5 million rematch against his old nemesis, the Russian-born grandmaster Boris Spassky. The match, in Yugoslavia, commemorated the 20th anniversary of the two men’s monumental meeting in Reykjavik and Mr. Fischer’s most glorious triumph.
Mr. Fischer won the rematch handily, but it was a sad reprise of their face-off in the summer of 1972.
In that earlier encounter, Mr. Fischer wrested the world championship from the elegant Mr. Spassky to become the first and, as yet, only American to win the title, one that Soviet-born players had held for 35 years. It was the cold war fought with chess pieces in an out-of-the-way place.
Mr. Fischer won with such brilliance and dramatic flair that he became an unassailable representative of greatness in the world of competitive games, much as Babe Ruth had been and Michael Jordan would become.
“It was Bobby Fischer who had, single-handedly, made the world recognize that chess on its highest level was as competitive as football, as thrilling as a duel to the death, as aesthetically satisfying as a fine work of art, as intellectually demanding as any form of human activity,” Harold C. Schonberg, who reported on the Reykjavik match for The New York Times, wrote in his 1973 book “Grandmasters of Chess.”
The rematch 20 years later drew no such plaudits. By participating, Mr. Fischer defied an American ban on conducting business in Yugoslavia as it waged war on Bosnia . After dispatching Mr. Spassky, Mr. Fischer dropped out of sight again, partly to avoid arrest on American charges stemming from his appearance. He stayed in touch with a dwindling number of friends in the United States by phone, compelling them to keep his secrets or risk his rejection.
In 2004, he was seized by the Japanese authorities when he tried to board a plane to Manila and accused of trying to leave the country on an invalid passport. He was detained in prison for nine months while the various governments and his supporters in the chess world tried to resolve the issue.
In 1999, in a series of telephone interviews with a radio station in the Philippines, he rambled angrily and profanely about an international Jewish conspiracy, which he said was bent on destroying him personally and the world generally.
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On Sept. 11, 2001, he told a radio talk-show host in Baguio, the Philippines, that the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were “wonderful news.” He wished for a time, he said, “where the country will be taken over by the military, they’ll close down all the synagogues, arrest all the Jews and execute hundreds of thousands of Jewish ringleaders.”
Even in his years of triumph, Mr. Fischer was volatile and difficult. During the 1972 world championship match against Mr. Spassky, Mr. Fischer’s petulance, even loutishness, was the stuff of front page headlines all over the globe. Incensed by the conditions under which the match was to be played — he was particularly offended by the whir of television cameras in the hall — he lost the first game, then forfeited the second and insisted that the remaining games be played in an isolated room.
There, he roared back from what, in chess, is a sizable deficit, trouncing Mr. Spassky, 12 ½ to 8 ½. (In championship chess, a victory is worth one point for each player, a draw a half-point.) In all, Mr. Fischer won 7 games, lost 3 (including the forfeit) and drew 11.
Through July and most of August 1972, the attention of the world was riveted on the Spassky-Fischer match. Americans who didn’t know a Ruy Lopez from a Poisoned Pawn watched a hitherto unknown commentator named Shelby Lyman explain each game on public television.
All this was Mr. Fischer’s doing. Bobby Fischer — the rebel, the enfant terrible, the uncompromising savage of the chess board — had captured the imagination of the world. Because of him, for the first time in the United States, the game, with all its arcana and intimations of nerdiness, was cool. And when the championship match was over, he walked away with a winner’s purse of $250,000, a sum that staggered anyone associated with chess. When Mr. Spassky won the world championship, his prize had been $1,400.
Trouble With Celebrity
Mr. Fischer’s victory was widely seen as a symbolic triumph of democracy over communism, and it turned the new champion into an unlikely American hero. He was invited to the White House by President Richard M. Nixon, interviewed on television, wooed unsuccessfully by commercial interests. Sales of chess sets skyrocketed; so did fees for chess lessons.
But Mr. Fischer was incapable of sustaining himself in the limelight, and by the beginning of 1973, he had withdrawn into the weird, contrarian solitude he maintained more or less for the rest of his life. He turned down huge financial offers to play, among them a bid of $1.4 million from the Hilton Corporation to defend his title in Las Vegas. The dictator Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines and the Shah of Iran offered even larger sums for matches in their countries. Mr. Fischer said the money was not enough.
At the same time, he tithed to the Worldwide Church of God, a fringe church he had become involved with beginning in the early 1960s. (He later abandoned it.) For a time, Mr. Fischer lived in Pasadena, Calif., the church’s home base, or in Los Angeles, where he was said to spend his time replaying chess games and reading Nazi literature. There were reports that he was destitute, though the state of his finances was never clear.
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In chess circles, rumors surfaced intermittently that he was about to make a comeback. He invented a new kind of chess clock. He began railing to other chess players that computers had ruined the mystery of chess. He advocated a variation on the game in which pieces on the back rank, at the start, are lined up randomly.
A man of narrow interests but great intellectual gifts — he reportedly had an I.Q. of 181 — Mr. Fischer was a demanding personality (charismatic to some, merely infuriating to others) who seemed to feel that his prowess in chess entitled him to exorbitant privilege. He demanded loyalty from his supporters, concessions from his opponents, special treatment from tournament organizers and unalloyed respect from the world at large.
It was an outlook that became ever more skewed. In the end his self-involvement was his undoing, isolating him from all but the most obsequious chess-world worshipers.
Introduction to the Game
Robert James Fischer was born in Chicago on March 9, 1943. While his father was variously listed as Gerard, Gerhard or Gerhardt Fischer, a German-born physicist, there is also credible evidence that his father might have been a Hungarian émigré who worked in a naval research laboratory.
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Bobby Fischer during a game in Sveti Stefan, Yugoslavia, in 1992. Credit Milos Vukadinovic/Associated Press
He and his wife, the former Regina Wender, divorced when Bobby was 2. Shortly thereafter, the elder Mr. Fischer left the United States for good, and Bobby and his older sister, Joan, were reared by their mother, a Swiss-born registered nurse and schoolteacher.
Regina Fischer moved her family first to California and then to Arizona before settling in a Brooklyn walkup, where Bobby grew up. The strong-willed Mrs. Fischer, who would become a forceful advocate of pacifist causes, had an uneven influence on her willful son. When he was a teenager, she tried to dissuade him from concentrating solely on chess. But she also helped raise money for him to compete in tournaments.
Mrs. Fischer was Jewish, and her son developed a hatred of Jews that became more virulent as he grew older. But mother and son evidently kept in touch over the years, and when she died in 1997, Mr. Fischer was said to have been distraught. His sister died soon afterward, and acquaintances of Mr. Fischer speculated that the two losses further taxed his fragile hold on rationality. He never married, but had a daughter, Jinky Ong, in 2000 with a companion, Justine Ong, in Manila. The child is his only immediate survivor.
It was his sister, Joan, who bought Bobby, then age 6, his first chess set and taught him the basic moves. By 8 he was taking lessons at the Brooklyn Chess Club; by 12 he was holding his own among America’s strongest players, who gathered at the Manhattan Chess Club and the Marshall Chess Club. His adult opponents called him “the Boy Robot” and “the Corduroy Killer,” for his unwavering wardrobe and insatiable will to win.
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In 1956, when he was 13, Mr. Fischer became the youngest player ever to win the United States Junior Championship. The same year, at the Lessing J. Rosenwald Trophy Tournament, the most important invitational tournament in the country at the time, he created his first masterpiece in defeating the international master Donald Byrne. The Chess Review called it “The Game of the Century,” as it is still known today.
The next year he not only repeated as winner of the United States Junior Championship but also captured the first of his eight United States Championships, becoming at 14 the youngest person ever to hold the title. No less impressive was the manner of his victory — in 13 games against the best players in America, he had a score of 8 wins, 5 draws and no losses.
The next year he became, at 15, the youngest person until then to attain the rank of grandmaster, the game’s highest designation of skill. He attended Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn, but, indifferent to classes because they took time away from chess, he dropped out at 16.
Aggressive, and ‘Brilliant’
At the chessboard he was renowned as a pitiless attacker. “I love to see them squirm,” he said of his opponents. From early on, he buttressed his penchant for original thinking with monumental study and he became known for his mastery of the game’s literature.
He favored strategies like the King’s Gambit, an opening maneuver in which White sacrifices a kingside pawn to get a quick attack. It had long been dismissed as too risky and romantic. But Mr. Fischer used it in spectacular fashion during the 1964 United States Championship in a game against the grandmaster Larry Evans. It was part of perhaps the greatest tournament performance ever, in which Mr. Fischer won 11 games, losing and drawing none. “He blew the chess world away,” said the chess teacher and writer Bruce Pandolfini.
The 1964 tournament also produced another of his legendary games, this one against the grandmaster Robert Byrne.
“It was one of his brilliant counterattacks,” recalled Mr. Byrne, who would go on to become the chess columnist for The New York Times. “He was playing Black, and he made a deep sacrifice, so deep that I did not understand it. It was a very profound combination, very beautiful.”
Mr. Byrne ended up resigning the game while he was still materially ahead. The result was so unusual that it confounded grandmasters analyzing the games for spectators.
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Moving Beyond Eccentric
Mr. Fischer had always been brash, but by the early 1960s his self-regard had ballooned. He told Harper’s magazine that women could not be great chess players. Mr. Byrne recalled that at a tournament in Bulgaria in 1962 he suggested to Mr. Fischer that he see a psychiatrist. Mr. Fischer said a psychiatrist ought to pay him for the privilege of working on his brain.
He began making outlandish demands on tournament directors — for special lighting, special seating, special conditions to ensure quiet. He complained that opponents were trying to poison his food, that his hotel rooms were bugged, that Russians were colluding at tournaments and prearranging draws. He began to fear flying because he thought the Russians might hide booby traps on the plane.
He played less and less, withdrawing from competition for months at a time, fueling gossip that he was afraid to lose, but always returning to play at a level no one could equal. At one point, before the Spassky match in Reykjavik, he won 20 consecutive games against grandmasters. He also completed “My 60 Memorable Chess Games” (1969), a classic collection that remains required reading for serious players.
He earned his shot at the world champion, Mr. Spassky, when he soundly defeated Tigran Petrosian. Now, in Reykjavik, Mr. Fischer had a world stage, and he seized the spotlight with his 6-foot-2 frame — broad-shouldered, angular and fit in bespoke suits — casting an imposing shadow.
He was imperious and, to some, insufferable. In the days before the match, he threatened to not show up and delayed his departure from New York. He insisted on television coverage, then refused to play for the cameras because he said he could hear them. He lost the first game on a blunder, then forfeited Game 2; then he threatened to withdraw entirely unless Mr. Spassky agreed to move play to a small room, away from the audience.
“He drove the organizers of the tournament to despair,” Fred Waitzkin wrote in “Searching for Bobby Fischer,” his 1988 book about the chess world, which became the basis for a 1993 movie.
In the end, though, Mr. Fischer was brilliant in Reykjavik, and when it was over, he was a legend: the American who beat the Russians at their own game.
During the match he had allowed a reporter for Life magazine, Brad Darrach, to spend time with him. Mr. Darrach produced a favorable article for the magazine but followed it with a biography, “Bobby Fischer vs. the Rest of the World,” which portrayed Mr. Fischer as a monomaniac and a monster.
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Mr. Fischer brought suit, and after a long battle, he lost. By then he had received a fresh blow from the chess establishment. The International Chess Federation (known by its French acronym as FIDE) stripped him of his title in 1975 when he refused to play the rightful challenger, Anatoly Karpov, under federation rules. His life had begun its downward spiral. After an unsuccessful lawsuit against members of the Worldwide Church, he was apparently broke and homeless.
“The rare accounts of his situation all mention cheap rooms in Pasadena and L.A., months of his crashing on former friends and days spent riding the orange city bus between L.A. and Pasadena, analyzing chess games on his pocket set,” Ivan Solotaroff wrote in Esquire magazine in 1992.
Chess players generally think that Mr. Fischer agreed to the 1992 Spassky match for the money. But the opportunity to reassert his primacy was apparently attractive as well. The games were played in a surreal atmosphere in Sveti Stefan, a resort in the Yugoslav republic of Montenegro, just a few miles from the bloody warfare then raging in Bosnia. The $5 million purse was put up by a Serbian wheeler-dealer named Jezdimir Vasiljevic.
Although the match was unsanctioned, a banner was put up proclaiming it to be the world chess championship. At a press conference, Mr. Fischer held up a letter from the Treasury Department warning him that his participation in the match, considered an economic project, would constitute defiance of American sanctions against Yugoslavia. He would be subject to fine and arrest, he was told. In front of more than 150 reporters, he spat on the letter and ranted on against Jews and Russians.
Decades after Mr. Fischer faded into his oblivion, stories of Fischer sightings were traded as currency by chess players, and the debate — how would he have fared against Garry Kasparov, the great champion of the 1980s and 1990s? — echoed at tournaments and in chess publications.
“After 1972, we lost so many great pieces of art,” said Mr. Pandolfini, the chess teacher, “hundreds of masterpieces he would have created if he had stayed a sane being. We feel the great loss. All chess players do.”
Correction: January 24, 2008
A front-page obituary on Saturday about the American chess champion Bobby Fischer misstated the length of time Soviet-born players had held the title of world champion before Mr. Fischer wrested it from Boris Spassky in 1972. It was 35 years, not “more than four decades.” The obituary also misstated the nationality of another champion, Tigran Petrosian, whom Mr. Fischer defeated to advance to the championship match against Mr. Spassky. Mr. Petrosian was born in Georgia of Armenian descent; he was not Russian.
Graham Bowley contributed reporting.
A version of this article appears in print on , on Page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Bobby Fischer, Troubled Genius of Chess, Is Dead. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe
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Which novelist was exiled to Jersey and then Guernsey? | Bobby Fischer Against the World Reviews & Ratings - IMDb
IMDb
43 out of 46 people found the following review useful:
Sins of Omission
from Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
20 August 2011
As a friend of Bobby Fischer for almost 20 years I am in an unusual position to critique this documentary. Let me say at the beginning that I think it is a brilliant work. Even so I am deeply troubled by the complete omission of three people who were as close to Bobby as any one who appears in the film, and probably closer. The three are Jack and Ethel Collins, and William Lombardy.
Bobby cut his teeth, as it were, at the home of the Collins's, spending an inordinate amount of spare time with them as a young child. In their home, he learned from Jack -- a New York State Champion, an editor of "Modern Chess Openings," (America's leading précis on opening play), a respected Correspondence Chess player, and the dean of American Chess Teachers -- and he received needed motherly sustenance from Jack's sister Ethel.
The Rev. William Lombardy was Fischer's "second" in Reykjavik. It is he who fought the battles for Bobby with the administrators and the arbiters. By his doing so, Bobby could stay somewhat in the background getting his needed rest. The tension and responsibilities lay on the broad shoulders of the Rev. Lombardy, who did a magnificent job on the front lines acting for the Mercurial Mr. Fischer. The full story of Bobby Fischer cannot be adequately told without these three Fischer companions making some contribution to his film life.
Given these three omissions one has the right to ask why Susan Polgar is represented as a Fischer expert. She was but three years old when the Fischer-Spassky match was played, and though she may have had later social connection with him, it is wrong to present her in the role she plays.
One can wonder too how Sam Sloan was chosen to give his views of Fischer. His knowledge of Fischer is a distant one at best.
Plaudits, though, are due for the in-depth interviews of Larry Evans and Tony Saidy, two who knew Bobby well. The same may be said of Asa Hofmann, to this day a legend in New York chess circles.
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38 out of 46 people found the following review useful:
Be careful what you wish for . . .
from canada
30 May 2011
There is a telling scene in Liz Garbus's documentary of Bobby Fischer's life that takes place in Reykjavik the morning after he has beaten Soviet Boris Spassky to win the world championship. "Something inside me has changed", he tells a reporter. Indeed. Although his insane ravings about "the Jews", familiar to the audience even before the movie starts, were still years in the future, Garbus leaves little doubt that the seeds of Fischer's paranoia started the moment he won the title. And, as we are shown by Garbus's extraordinary use of historical footage and photographs, those seeds would take root in a psyche scarred irreparably by the life-long pursuit to be champion. In an earlier scene, Bobby recounts to an interviewer how he has wanted to be World Chess Champion "since I was seven years old". He never knew that there might be other goals in life. This fine and moving film is the story, then, of how, and at what cost, Bobby Fischer finally got his wish.
Garbus's formula is a standard one but succeeds brilliantly here. She juxtaposes archival footage and still photos (much of which, I believe, has never been shown publicly before) with contemporary interviews of many of the key players from Fischer's two-decade pursuit of the title. These individuals - fellow chess players (several of whom were his boyhood friends), tournament organizers, journalists, even his bodyguard - were all members of the small cadre of people that Bobby allowed into his life. Many were even part of his inner circle at Reykjavik. To a person, then, the interviewees were uniquely qualified to share their recollections of Bobby. But, beyond that, they had been positioned to gain some understanding of Bobby. In this film, they share that understanding, or at least their attempts at understanding, of who Bobby Fischer was, and more importantly, why he was that way.
One can only try to imagine the monumental effort required by Garbus to convince them to appear on camera. That she was even able to get Henry Kissinger (now a heavyweight in more ways than one) speaks volumes about her credibility. Kissinger's presence in the film is only one reminder of what was at stake in Reykjavik. Garbus reminds us that this was war: US versus the USSR, capitalism versus communism, freedom versus oppression, each could have been used to describe the battle. But in the end, the only one that really mattered was the title Garbus chose for her work: Bobby Fischer against the World.
Garbus filmed most of the interviews against stunning backdrops of wood-paneled libraries and polished marble floors. In that way she provides quite a contrast for some of the interviewees with their rumpled, 'haven't shaved in three days' look. By doing so, she heightens their humanity, and their humility. Bobby, by contrast, throughout the film, in his words and by his actions, only serves to confirm that he may not have had much of either.
Chess grandmasters Larry Evans and Anthony Saidy, who both knew Bobby since he was a little boy, are not just particularly articulate and insightful, but are also fonts of interesting 'Bobby facts'. Saidy tells us that when Bobby decided to camp out at Saidy's parents' home to avoid the press in the weeks leading up to the World Championship, Saidy's father was dying of cancer. "Bobby, about you staying with us, my dad is sick with cancer". "It's okay, I don't mind", replied the only slightly self absorbed Fischer.
Many of the interviews are with Europeans - Icelanders, Russians, Germans - and all reinforce how impressive it is to hear someone speak fluently in a language other than their native tongue. One has no doubts that their memories and minds must also be sharp. In this context, it is perhaps ironic that LIFE photographer and Scotsman Harry Benson's humanizing photos of Bobby, shown prominently on screen while he speaks, need no words to tell us all we need to know.
Two segments are, each, extraordinary. Saemi Parsson who was Bobby's bodyguard in Reykjavik tells the camera how, after not hearing a word from Bobby in 22 years ("not a peep"), he received the imprisoned Bobby's frantic phone call from Japan (the Japanese had detained Fischer at the request of the US). That Bobby chose to call Parsson, is not quite the correct statement. Rather, that Bobby had no one to call but Parsson seems closer to the truth. We are reminded by this episode that Bobby, by then, was not only stateless, but had severed all relationships with his family and friends. He was alone in more ways than one. The other segment is priceless and is comprised of a faded ABC Wide World of Sports TV special featuring noted sports artist LeRoy Neiman. Neiman, who expected to be "bored to pieces" by the match in Reykjavik draws Fischer as a matador skewering the hapless Spassky! But, can you imagine? ABC's Wide World of Sports? For chess? Such was the impact of Robert James Fischer.
Immediately after beating Spassky, Fischer began his life of seclusion. It may have been even sadder that he also effectively stopped playing chess at the same time, at age 29. All of us are familiar with Fischer's increasingly bizarre post-Reykjavik antics. Sometimes attributed to eccentricity, Garbus makes no secret that she believes Bobby's behaviour was a product of mental illness. Through the images and words of her film, she leaves no other way to label Bobby's paranoia and psychotic pronouncements. She puts the proof right there, in the flickering of a projector, for all to see. We wish it weren't so.
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21 out of 24 people found the following review useful:
Chess made him and destroyed him
from Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
18 June 2011
This fascinating film documents the rise and fall of chess grandmaster Bobby Fischer. It isn't really about chess; it's very much more about a man who was obsessed by it. As a result of his pursuit of perfection on the chess board, he piece by piece lost his own mind. The intensity of the mind games necessary to succeed in top level chess overflowed into the personal life of Fischer until he became a fully fledged paranoid schizophrenic. This ultimately resulted in his public anti-Semite and September 11th ravings. By the end it seems quite obvious that Fischer was a mentally ill man whose genius on the chess board was as much fuelled by his mental disorder than anything else. His obsessive immersion into all things chess at the expense of anything else in his life was after all an extremely unhealthy pursuit; it made him the genius he was but at a terrible human cost.
The key historical event that the film revolves around is the 1972 World Championship against the Soviet grandmaster Boris Spassky. This dramatic confrontation hosted in Iceland had huge political significance seeing as it set the American against a Russian at the height of the cold war. As a result it was probably the most internationally famous chess match ever played. Even at this early stage, however, Fischer's erratic behaviour is quite evident. He almost never made it in the first place due to his own personal demons, when finally there he arrived absurdly late and then proceeded to complain about the hum of the TV cameras. You might find yourself wishing that the dignified Spassky actually defeated this highly strung man. But this is partially why this documentary is an interesting one, as its central character is not particularly likable at all. There is very little actual footage of Fischer; he remains a very enigmatic figure. After the Spassky match less and less is seen of him, so much so that his next public appearance in a match in Yugoslavia occurs the best part of twenty years later. In agreeing to this he contravenes international law, seeing as this country was in the midst of a terrible war. The sight of Fischer publicly spitting on the letter warning him that he would be breaking international law is a grim one indeed; the years that followed until his death in 2008 seem to be equally mysterious and sad.
Bobby Fischer Against the World is a very good documentary about a troubled man who was destroyed by the only thing he loved. The documentary states that he was the greatest player there ever was. Personally I think this is a somewhat romantic statement based mostly on the drama of his ascent. But for sure, he was one of the most fascinating chess players that ever lived and in many respects remains an enigma still.
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15 out of 17 people found the following review useful:
The first serious attempt on portraying Fischer's life in a visual medium!
from Gatherfield.com
14 September 2011
Making a documentary film is always a challenge for the creator, especially when the topic has been barely touched. Director Liz Garbus, in making the documentary "Bobby Fischer Against the World", had to overcome three critical obstacles.
First she had to portray Fischer's complex character. Since filming started after his death, Garbus had to dig up footagescattered around the worldand weave together the various strands of Fischer's life. Not only that, she had to gather together all those who played important role in his life.
The second critical obstacle for Grabus was that she had to depict the period where the tension of the Cold War was emerging (because of the Vietnam War), and the whole world was going through major changes, with the entire planet becoming a mortal battlefield. Although chess had started to become popular, the hostility of that time was somehow deeply reflected on the chessboard, and this was soon exploited even more, when the world of politics penetrated into the world of chess.
Garbus' third critical obstacle was that Fischer's life can be divided into three parts: i) his life (and chess career) before 1972, ii) his battle for the title in 1972, and iii) his life after 1972. This means that Fischer's life is often summarized within the boundaries of a single event, stripping away all the aspects that formed his character up to that point. How was Garbus then, going to tell the story of a man who spent half his life playing chess and then disappeared? To overcome these obstacles, Garbus chooses a nonlinear storytelling. Going backto Fischer's childhood and early years, and then laterforward to his life after the championship games, Garbus uses the 1972 events as the spine of the story.
Visiting Fischer's childhood and adolescence, Garbus shows us his love for (and dedication to) chess, his mother's strong personality, his father's abandonment and absence, and how the precipitate publicity affected his privacy. But what no one mentions in the interviews is that Fischer, at a young age, struggled to gain the respect of others. He was a boy among men, playing (and trying to understand) their game. That struggle was slowly draining away Fischer's childhood (and transforming the first 29 years of his life to a prolonged chess game), the result of which Garbus masterfully displaysat what could be the climax of the filmwhen she shows Fischer, soon after he won the title, in an amusement park sitting inside a little airplaneflying towards his lost childhood.
The tense climate between the U.S. and the Soviet Unionand its echo in the chess world, is brilliantly shown by Garbus through the rare and previously unseen footage she managed to dig up. Unfortunately, Spassky is the great absentee from this documentary. Although the title of the film is Bobby Fischer Against the World (meaning that Fischer fights against everyone and no one at the same time, indicating that Fischer's whole world is nothing but chessand Fischer himself is nothing but chesstherefore Fischer's only opponent is
Fischer), Garbus mistakenly diminishes Spassky's unique and independent personality by putting him in the same basket with all the others. After all, Spassky was the final external obstacle in Fischer's road to the crownthe one guy he did not yet win. And to paraphrase Thorarinsson, "I think we can agree on the point that Mr. Spassky exists".
However, Garbus does a great job regarding the events of 1972. She leaves out, though, the drama of the two players not having similar chairs (with Fischer's chair being superior to Spassky's), but generally, she covers the events accurately enough: from Fischer's training program, his antics of not showing up, his lists of demands, his growing hatred towards the Soviets, the defending of his principles, the antipathy to cameras and photographers, to his so long-awaited win, Garbus quietly and unpretentiously illustrates the events of the 1972 summer in Iceland.
There is another level in this documentary, a hidden level that Garbus unconsciously created. All the interviewees in the film are trying to label Fischer to a degree that fits their world of understanding. They believe that Fischer should have a particular role in their world, and serve that role in a specific manner.
We are in a society where everyone needs something to have a form in order to understand it. That's why we put labels on everything, and don't let things just be. In that sense, for me, Fischer died in 1972 and reborn after that, as a man with no home and no childhood, trying to play chess on a higher level, the one we all play and eventually lose
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6 out of 7 people found the following review useful:
A Good Documentary for the Universal Audience
from Dallastown, Pennsylvania, United States
24 January 2013
For those who do not play chess or know anything about it, the game is something that is commonly referenced in books, poetry, movies, etc. It is seen as somewhat of a metaphor for happenings in real life. For those who play chess and are in love with the game, it is something of an art or science, or something cosmic that is unexplainable. They may often be frustrated as to why the majority of society does not share their passion.
Chess has survived for thousands of years and is arguably the hardest game in the world. Through the eons, if there is one name or one master that has towered above anyone else, it is the American Bobby Fischer. When Fischer defeated Boris Spassky in 1972, the match created more publicity than any other chess event in history (even more than when IBM's computer Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov in 1996). A lone American had defeated the mighty Soviet chess machine during the cold war. What should have been just the beginning of an already great career for Fischer, it was actually just the end.
Bobby Fischer made one of the great disappearances of any famous person of the 20th century. He did not die, but was as elusive as Bigfoot after he won the world championship. For those who encountered him only would end of becoming frustrated because they realized he was slowly going insane. 20 years after winning the Championship (1992), Fischer reappeared to play Spassky for another match. When he appeared, it became even more obvious that the man had lost his mind. When the September 11th attacks happened, Fischer shocked the world when he applauded the acts on a radio program. He never played again and passed away in 2008.
This HBO program is fantastic in that it is presented in a manner that is suitable for those who barely know anything about chess or those who know the intricate details of Fischer's career and life. It keeps the viewers' attention by playing nice music in the background throughout. The program shows numerous photographs and television footage that most people have never seen. The central focus of the program is the Fischer - Spassky match of 1972, but it juxtaposes all kind of other topics such as Fischer's family and love life, and his affiliation with a cult group. The program even has Henry Kissinger talking about the match. Kissinger had encouraged Fischer to follow through with the match when Fischer was about to not show up. But, the program does not blame Fischer's religious obsession with chess for this mental breakdown. It posits that it could have been a possibility.
I will have to strongly disagree with one part of this documentary. It stated that when after Fischer won the world championship, he was arguably the most famous man in the world (aside from Jesus). I find this really hard to believe. One because Fischer was a merely just a chess champion and (2) there were many other gigantic figures at that time; Muhammad Ali, Richard Nixon, Chairman Mao, just to name a few.
In the end, the enigma will always remain the enigma. Nobody really knows why Fischer quit playing after 1972 or what caused his mental disintegration. Even though he forfeited his title to Karpov in 1975, why did he completely give up playing even tournaments and simuls altogether? What we are left is speculation. Many chess lovers will proudly proclaim that Fischer was the best player of all time. There maybe some truth to this, but I believe Garry Kasparov finally deserves this title. This is because Kasparov was willing to take on all comers, human beings or computers. Kasparov did this for almost 3 decades. Kasparov defeated an ongoing Champion Anatoly Karpov (one of the top 5 players ever) 5 times and he continued to defend this title beating brilliant and talented young players - Ivanchuck, Shirov, Topalov, Anand, Short, Leko, Kramnik, Kamsky, and so many others for another 2 decades.
*Please do not comment if you are going to get into a "greatest ever" debate - it will be yet another endless discussion and will lead to nowhere.* Fishcer's story is one of the great tragedies of chess, but in the short time that he was brilliant, he shined so brightly that it continues to illuminate to this day. Although his life ended to a sad decline, keep in mind, we remember and admire him for what he produced.
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5 out of 6 people found the following review useful:
The rise and fall of a chess prodigy
from London, United Kingdom
20 June 2012
It's hard to imagine that a game of chess could capture the attention and imagination of millions; that a chess champion could become an international star, chased by the press and greeted like a hero on tarmacs around the world. Yet that is precisely what happened in the early Seventies, when the 29-year-old American Bobby Fischer took on the 35-year-old Russian Boris Spassky in the most notorious chess match in history: the 1972 World Chess Championship in Reykjavik, Iceland.
This historical event is dramatically recounted in Liz Garbus' new documentary, Bobby Fischer Against the World. The film explores the rise and fall of the chess world's bad boy: from a poor, self-taught child prodigy to a venerated world champion and, finally, a reviled paranoiac. The film divides Fischer's life into three parts, with the middle centring on that famed 1972 match in Reykjavik.
The trajectory that the film traces is rather clichéd, but along the way it does raise a number of intriguing questions: What is the nature of genius? What does it take to make a champion? What are the causes of mental illness? The film hints at how the young Bobby Fischer was affected by growing up without a father and being raised by a lefty mother in a poor Brooklyn household at the height of red-baiting. It looks at how fame affected Fischer, a recluse who cherished privacy, and it explores the nature of the game of chess itself, the mental as well as physical stamina it requires. The film also shows how Bobby and Boris became pawns (if willing ones) in the Cold War stand-off between the US and the USSR.
Considering its wide scope, it is neither surprising nor disappointing that Bobby Fischer Against the World raises more questions than it answers. Garbus largely leaves it to the viewer to draw their own conclusions about what to make Fischer's life and personality. The documentary intersperses newsreel footage, still images by photographer Harry Benson (who was granted unique access to Fischer), and talking heads that include Henry Kissinger, Fischer's brother-in-law, his chess contemporaries, various fans and historians.
One of the interviewees refers to Fischer as 'the Mozart of chess'. Indeed, he started teaching himself the game at the age of six, spending all his free time studying strategies and playing against himself. Just a few years later he was frequenting chess clubs in Manhattan and soon he was taking on up to 40 adults at a time. At 14, he became the youngest US Open Champion ever.
By contrast, Spassky's home country was a place that talent-spotted, honed and coached their chess players. In the Soviet Union, chess was not just a sophisticated boardgame, but a matter of collective, national pride.
So when the two players went up against each other in Iceland, the match was loaded with symbolism. As another chess grandmaster, Garry Kasparov, says in the film, Fischer was 'representing the entire free world'. At the time, an American TV news bulletin put the latest news about Fischer above the Watergate scandal and soaring unemployment in the US. And when the notoriously demanding and elusive chess champion at first failed to show up in Iceland, Kissinger himself called Fischer up, urging him to go.
In an interview after his World Championship win, Fischer said he felt like something had been taken out of him. Having achieved the ultimate accolade, Fischer became more and more of a recluse and failed to defend his title three years later. For the chess world, this was a great betrayal.
Fischer only resurfaced for a bizarre 'comeback' 20 years later in a 1992 re-match against Spassky in the former Yugoslavia, which was then under United Nations sanctions. Fischer ended up winning the rematch, but the price was high. He was indicted by the United States for defying a presidential ban against commercial dealings with Yugoslavia, facing fines and a 10-year prison sentence if he returned. His old friend and bodyguard managed to secure him citizenship in Iceland, where he died in 2008.
When he returned to the public eye in 1992, Fischer was wild-haired, podgy and virulently anti-Semitic. Although both his parents were Jews, Fischer got mired in conspiracy theories, reading pamphlets about the Illuminati and The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. In a radio phone-in just after 9/11 he gloated over the Twin Tower attacks. Having been paraded in front of cameras as an American hero as a child, and taken pride in beating the Russians as a young man, at the end of his life Fischer was an outcast and a self-made enemy of the state.
Bobby Fischer Against the World suggests that there is something about the game of chess that not only attracts, but also contains or focuses great minds. As an interviewee in the documentary notes 'A good chess player is paranoid on the board, but then if you take that paranoia to real life it doesn't play so well'. Once chess was no longer his sole obsession, Fischer seems to have begun to imagine that there were some hidden strategies behind people's every move. And he is not the only who comes off as paranoid in the film. In the course of the 21 individual games that Fischer and Spassky played during those three summer months in Iceland, Spassky claimed that his opponent was using electronic and chemical devices to control and unsettle him. A thorough police search of the room where the match took place failed to find any such devices.
In the end, Garbus' film makes no excuses for Fischer's despicable views while at the same time showing that, regardless of his disappointing private ending, Fischer's remarkable achievements still remain an inspiration.
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6 out of 8 people found the following review useful:
Great memories
from Charlotte NC
26 June 2011
"Bobby Fischer Against the World" is a great title. I never met him, but all of the original news coverage offered in this excellent documentary offers memories that match the title exactly. There are two things I would have liked to see done differently. The cutting in and out of Bobby's speaking while on camera is a current trend, perhaps due to the limited attention span of today. I would have preferred to see him more often on screen uninterrupted as I remember it was originally presented. This gives a better picture of his obsession and of his complete personality. And second, the music, while more or less contemporary, was not in line with Bobby's tastes. He was a recluse and eschewed crowds, coverage, and pop culture. And, as a passing thought, wasn't it great to see network coverage of chess as a ... sport!
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3 out of 3 people found the following review useful:
Very Good Documentary
Bobby Fischer Against the World (2010)
*** 1/2 (out of 4)
Another very good documentary from HBO, this one taking a look at the life and career of Bobby Fischer, the chess genius who rose to fame at an early age and really put the sport on the U.S. map when he defeated the Russian Spassky in 1972. Fischer's rise was quickly put out when he refused to defend his championship and the genius spent the rest of his life trying to hide from the public and apparently driving closer to madness. David Edmonds, Dr. Anthony Saidy, Susan Polgar, Henry Kissinger, David Shenk, Malcolm Gladwell and Larry Evans are among the many people interviewed here as they try to explain what made Fischer a genius but also what eventually got him kick out of America. This is a very fascinating documentary because it really seems to be trying to tell the truth and not just sugar-coat some rather troubled moments in this man's life. It's clear that he was a genius at the game of chess and the documentary makes an interesting choice showing other great minds of the game who ended their lives in a mental breakdown. The majority of the running time is devoted to the Spassky match as we get a game-to-game breakdown of events, shown the important matches and also the various controversies that Fischer stirred up at the time. So, in reality, even in his greatest moments Fischer was still delivering controversy and upsetting people. Fans of chess, Fischer or those just interesting in great documentaries should really be entertained by this thing. The documentary doesn't really explain the rules of chess so some might want to read up a bit before going into the film but even if you know nothing the story is just so fascinating where it really doesn't matter.
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2 out of 2 people found the following review useful:
Pawn in the game
11 November 2011
*** This review may contain spoilers ***
"Poets do not go mad" said GK Chesterton, "but chess-players do." Bobby Fischer, Jewish son of a card-carrying Communist, may have started out representing the entire Free World at chess during the Cold War, but he ended his days a paranoid, self-exiled anti-American and vociferous anti-Semite.
This sad, startling, and often brilliantly compelling documentary doesn't, or cannot, explain how the troubled Grandmaster tumbled so completely through the looking-glass. However, audiences will draw their own conclusions about what happens when children are denied childhoods, then left to become lost forever in a game that prompts furious leaps of logic... and, perhaps, a certain paranoia.
Garbus previously co-directed 1998's superb 'The Farm: Angola, USA' about lifers at America's largest maximum security jail. And for Fischer, chess seems to have been both liberator and gaoler. "I used to play against myself" he once said. "I almost always won." Archive footage captures him aged 15 playing 46 matches simultaneously, "wiping away opponents like flies"; a changeling child for whom life will never touch normality again. In later years, he'll pose for a LIFE photographer, bobbing cross-legged in a swimming pool, defying gravity, before trooping back to a tiny hotel room, alone.
Fascinatingly, we learn there's a long history of chess-casualties. One fellow claimed to have played God, via his wireless set. (God lost). As a featured chess-pert suggests, start thinking outside the box, and you might well find yourself "unable to get back into it".
There's a dispiriting scene towards the end, in which a ranting Fischer is confronted at a news conference by sportswriter Jeremy Schaap, whose journalist father Dick once wrote that Fischer hadn't "a sane bone" in his body. "From what I can see", adds Jeremy, "I see nothing to disprove his case." Fischer is momentarily stumped, lost for words. Checkmate. As Chesterton observed, it's not creativity that screws you up, but logic.
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3 out of 4 people found the following review useful:
He let chess out of the board
from Romania
30 October 2011
A very comprehensive documentary about Bobby Fischer, this film doesn't constitute in itself a masterpiece of the documentary genre, yet its subject is very interesting to me.
Bobby Fischer is this brilliant chess player coming out of Brooklyn and literally living the American dream. He starts playing at 6 years old, quickly outshining players in his categories, reaches a moment when he fights the Russian chess world champion in the height of the cold war and wins, thus making popular the game of chess even in an anti- intellectual country as the US and revolutionising the game of chess itself.
Alas, soon after he pretty much goes insane, with bouts of paranoia and psychosis and ridiculous antisemitism (he was Jewish himself). The greatest win of the chess world was in the same time its greatest loss. It is painful to watch this great mind shrink and die under the weight of mental illness. The film is merciless in displaying it and does as much in bringing forth the legend of the greatest chess player of all time as it does to totally demolish it in the end. It is one of those stories where you would wish for the main character to die right after he wins the world championship. Too sad.
As for the chess itself, there was none. It is strictly a layman's story, about Bobby the man and of the people around him and the human footprint of his existence.
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| i don't know |
Who assumed the title of Richard IV? | Richard III Society | RICHARD III - HIS FAMILY
His family
His Mother - Cecily, Duchess of York
by Dr Joanna Laynesmith
(Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris,
Paris: MS Latin 1158, f. 34v) One of Richard III's most unnatural crimes, according to Tudor propaganda, was his false accusation that his own mother, Cecily Neville, was an adulteress. Polydore Vergil asserted that she 'complanyd afterward in sundry places to right many noblemen …of that great injury'. More recently Michael K Jones has suggested that Edward IV really was a bastard and that Richard's claim to the throne was largely inspired by this fact, abetted by his mother. The nature of Richard's relationship with Cecily remains one of the many mysteries surrounding his accession to the throne.
Of Cecily Neville's last six children, only George and Richard survived infancy. These boys were with her during some of the most traumatic years of her life, as the Lancastrian kingship collapsed and her husband made his unsuccessful bid for the throne of England. She would have supervised their early education, perhaps taught them to read.
Bruges – home to Richard for a few months In the winter of 1460/61 Yorkist fortunes were at their lowest, with the duke of York's death at Wakefield and the earl of Warwick's defeat at St Albans. For their safety Cecily sent the boys, aged just eleven and eight, to the court of the duke of Burgundy. Her decision to remain in London to defend the interests of her only other surviving son, the eighteen-year-old Edward, Earl of March, indicates her priorities and her ambition for her family. Immediately after their return to England the king's little brothers, like their mother, probably lived within the royal household for several years. Richard may well have been nearly thirteen before he left the regular company of his mother for the household of the earl of Warwick.
Family Division
The year 1469 was to prove the first real test in Cecily's relations with her sons. This was the year that George, Duke of Clarence, joined forces with his father-in-law, the earl of Warwick, to rebel against and imprison Edward IV. Richard was steadfastly loyal to Edward in the face of slanders that the king was a bastard. When Clarence and Warwick rebelled again in 1470 to reinstate Henry VI, Richard fled with Edward to Burgundy. But where did Cecily stand? Before Clarence and Warwick set sail for Calais from where they launched their initial rebellion Cecily spent five days with them at Sandwich. Michael Jones has surmised that she had fallen out with Edward and was in favour of the rebellion. Yet only months earlier Edward had named his second daughter after Cecily and as soon as Edward regained his throne in 1471 he took his family to join his mother at Baynard's Castle.
Cecily the Widow.
© Geoffrey Wheeler My suspicion is that Cecily knew nothing of rebellion but was aware of Clarence's plan to marry Warwick's eldest daughter in defiance of the king. This suggests that for all her loyalty to Edward, Cecily did not always put him entirely before her other sons - she wanted George to marry England's most eligible heiress.
In 1461 one observer claimed that Cecily 'can rule the king as she pleases'. It appears from surviving correspondence that her relationship with Richard was similar. In 1474 a land dispute arose between servants of Cecily and Richard. When Richard was first informed of his servant's claim he was prepared to enforce it with men at arms, until he learnt that the dispute was with one of his mother's men. An exchange of letters followed in which Cecily laid down the terms and place of negotiation and ultimately the affair was settled entirely in her man's favour. Cecily's letters also indicate affection for Richard, expressing regret that he had not been able to visit her recently when Edward was with her at Berkhamstead (she had seen Richard only a few weeks previously at Syon).
Cecily's Piety
John the Baptist
© Geoffrey Wheeler By the 1470s Cecily was developing a greater interest in religion and she probably shared some of this with Richard. Notably he and Anne owned a copy of Mechtild of Hackeborn's mystical account of her visions, the Booke of Gostlye Grace, a text which Cecily also owned. They may well have shared a wider interest in Carthusian spirituality. Moreover, in 1478, in the foundation statutes for a college of priests at Middleham, Richard listed saints to whom he had a special devotion, beginning with John the Baptist. Actually we have no other evidence of his interest in this saint, yet by the time of her death in 1495 John the Baptist was the saint who meant most to Cecily. The prioritisation of the Baptist in Richard's very long list may consequently have been inspired by his mother's devotion.
Richard's Accession
Baynards Castle – Cecily's London home This is about as much as we know about the relationship between mother and son before 1483. How far then did she acquiesce in his actions that summer? His use of her London home, Baynard's Castle, initially made me assume that she was probably party to his decision to take the throne. Yet she does not appear to have attended his coronation. Surely if she had helped mastermind his accession she should have been there?
Certain contemporaries were under the impression that Richard had considered claiming the throne on the grounds of his brother's bastardy. However, the allegation of Cecily's adultery does not appear in any official records. Moreover, in the most contemporary description, Mancini's, there is no mention of Richard accusing his mother of adultery. The question of adultery does appear, however, in Mancini's account of Cecily's supposed horror on learning of Edward IV's marriage. Only five years before Richard's accession George, Duke of Clarence, had been attainted for that slander (among other offences) so it was still fresh in public memory and doubtless debated again. Presumably this is where Mancini picked it up and why later writers thought it had been part of Richard's claim as well as Clarence's.
My suspicion is that Cecily did not actively promote Richard's accession, but equally did not oppose it either. She was pragmatic enough to recognise the risks for the House of York and England that a child king would bring. Instead her youngest son was a proven politician and warrior, at last a third king Richard and his Neville queen. The only direct evidence of contact between mother and son during Richard's reign is a letter from Richard in June 1484. The wording seems to me to imply that there was no animosity between them but that they did not see each other on a very regular basis, 'Madam, I heartily beseech you that I may often hear from you to my comfort', Richard wrote. If Cecily really resented Richard as Vergil claimed there would be little point in his writing such words.
Cecily's Will
Berkhampstead Castle where Cecily died The final enigma lies in the title Cecily used in her will: 'wife unto the right noble prince Richard late Duke of Yorke, fader unto the most cristen prince my Lord and son King Edward the iiijth'. Why no mention of her son Richard? Her will was a public document which included requests to the king so most likely she was avoiding any offence to Henry Tudor. This may also explain why she left nothing to her daughter Margaret of Burgundy who had so offended King Henry. Such a coldly political approach at the very end of her life is disappointing to the modern reader, but Cecily's sense of a duty of good ladyship to the servants now dependent upon Henry's goodwill must be considered. Ultimately we can only guess at her emotions for the most controversial child in her turbulent brood.
First published in the Ricardian Bulletin Autumn 2005
His Brother - George, Duke of Clarence, 1449-78
by Prof Michael Hicks
Introduction
George, Duke of Clarence, was the middle brother: his elder brother was King Edward IV and his younger brother was King Richard III. The careers of George and Richard were entwined at many points. They grew up together, clashed in the most major political crisis of the 1470s, and George's fate, in which Richard concurred, was an essential preliminary to the latter's accession. As Thomas More observed, Richard could not have acceded if his elder brother had been still living.
George is remembered in history as 'False, Fleeting, Perjur'd Clarence'—Shakespeare's description—and because he was drowned in malmsey wine. Certainly he perjured himself several times and aspired to wear a crown to which he was not entitled. Yet there was much more to George than simply an ambitious and courageous perjurer. He was just as talented as his brothers, claimed the Crowland Chronicler: just as effective an orator and as dangerous a demagogue, an idol of the multitude, as his father York or father-in-law the Kingmaker. What a pity that we have nothing concrete with which to substantiate these characteristics.
Childhood
Bruges – home to Richard for a few months George Plantagenet was fourth son of Richard, Duke of York (1411-60), and Cecily Neville. York was the greatest nobleman of his age. York was lieutenant – that is, governor and commander-in-chief – in turn of both Henry VI's kingdom of France and of Ireland, and three times lord protector of England. During the 1450s he led the cause of reform against King Henry's favourites and in 1460 laid claim to the crown of England, setting his Clarence/ Mortimer claim against that of Lancaster, persuading parliament successfully to recognise him as heir presumptive on Henry VI's death. That achievement transformed the prospects of all his surviving children: George and Richard, now of political significance, were despatched to the safety of the Low Countries. Until then neither boy was of much account.
Seven of York's children reached maturity, four of them sons: George was the third of these; Richard was the fourth and the last to survive infancy. George was born in Dublin in 1449, during York's residence in Ireland as lieutenant. Members of both the great Anglo-Irish houses of Butler and FitzGerald were his godparents. Nothing more is recorded of the upbringing of any of York's younger children until 1459. The two eldest surviving sons were residing separately at Ludlow in the mid-1450s and the two elder daughters, Anne in 1445 and Elizabeth in 1458, were married to ducal husbands. By implication Margaret (born 1446), George (b. 1449), and Richard (b. 1452) remained with their mother, the Duchess Cecily. With her they were placed in the custody of their aunt Anne, Duchess of Buckingham, in 1459 until their father, Richard, Duke of York, established his claim to the crown in 1460. What Duke Richard had in mind for them is uncertain. His eldest sons Edward and Edmund were to be noblemen. Since neither George nor Richard was earmarked for an ecclesiastical career, so each was to remain a layman and to pursue a secular, genteel and knightly career.
Edward's Heir
Tutbury Castle.
Courtesy of Gerhard Jooste The first stage of the Wars of the Roses ended in the triumph of the House of York. York himself was slain, but his eldest son became King Edward IV on 4 March 1461. Since Edmund had also perished, George as next surviving brother was now heir to the crown and Richard was third in line. Though still too young to be effective politically, they had symbolic significance, as assurances that the new dynasty had come to stay and as potential cements by marriage to diplomatic alliances. Of course George, as the older, was much the more important. Each was knighted, elevated to the Garter, and created duke. George took the title of Clarence that was a potent reminder of the hereditary title of the Yorkists to the crown. George was appointed to high office, as Lieutenant of Ireland and High Steward of England for the coronation, although too young actually to exercise them in person. Each boy was also granted great estates, theoretically. As neither was of age, their brother the king continued to draw the revenues and felt free to revise what had been allocated: the grants were earnests of the king's intention to endow them in due course sufficiently to support their estates as royal dukes. In 1464 George was granted the whole county palatine of Chester, the normal patrimony of the heir presumptive, but only very briefly. During these years, the boys had their own establishment, their own residence in a tower at Greenwich Palace, and their own staff: Master John Tapton was Clarence's chancellor and Sir Robert Wingfield was supervisor of his livelihood. There apparently they resided continually, except when required for ceremonial and state occasions, such as the Leicester parliament of 1463 and the queen's coronation in 1465. About that time, Duke Richard was removed to the household of the earl of Warwick, where he apparently remained until declared of age in 1468 - 1469. George was declared of age on 10 July 1466. Although still only sixteen years old, like other royalty George's majority was advanced, presumably to make him more politically useful.
Edward IV was obliged to endow his brothers to the tune of 2,000 marks a year (£1,366 13s. 4d.), the qualifying income of a duke, but clearly intended to be much more generous. In 1467 he committed himself to 5,600 marks a year (£3,368) for George, eventually (with reversions) £4,400. If not quite of the front rank, such munificence raised George above all contemporary nobles except Warwick, Buckingham, and Norfolk. George had estates in Northumberland, Yorkshire, Kent and the West Country when he did homage in July 1466, but it was to Tutbury in Staffordshire that he departed in November. Apparently he had already decided – or perhaps Edward had decided for him – that his estates in the North Midlands, by themselves together worth £1,350, were to be his principal residence and sphere of influence. Since Queen Margaret had based herself in the area late in the 1450s, Tutbury Castle may not have been altogether neglected, but we know that Clarence undertook great building works there, scarcely a recognisable vestige of which survives or is recorded (the Rous Roll). Presumably it was adapted to accommodate the enormous household of 399 anticipated in 1468 in his household ordinance. That proper regulation of his household was desirable is suggested by the Lichfield prostitute frequented by fourteen members of his household in 1466 (Goodman). Great lords sought order and accountability with conspicuous consumption and splendid display. If Clarence really applied his ordinance, which planned for annual expenditure on his household of £4,500 a year, then the court that he held at Tutbury was as impressive as any of which we know. Still in his teens, he rated himself most highly. At the very least he needed to marry a great heiress to raise his revenues up to his expenses. At this point, he parted company with his brother Edward IV.
A Rebellious Brother
Signature of the duke of Clarence
redrawn by Piat Design. When Clarence returned to his allegiance, all was forgiven. His offences were wiped out and he was restored to his estates. His service at Barnet and then at Tewkesbury had been essential for Edward IV's victory. King Edward owed him. Under such circumstances, he could not be deprived of his wife's inheritance by the forfeiture of her father Warwick. He was allowed to take instant possession of everything except the northern estates in tail male, which were granted to Gloucester. Clarence also took custody of his sister-in-law Anne Neville, widow of Edward of Lancaster. Unfortunately the Warwick inheritance dispute sullied the relations of the three royal brothers.
The Warwick Inheritance
Warwick the Kingmaker and his wife. Based on Rous Roll.
© Geoffrey Wheeler Apart from the tail male estates, the Duchess Isabel and Anne Neville had been their parents' heiresses. The Countess Anne however survived until 1492: until then, neither daughter had any rights to her Beauchamp and Despenser estates or her jointure and were entitled to share only the rump of Warwick's Salisbury estates. However Warwick had died a traitor and his estates should have been forfeited. Actually Clarence received all to which his duchess was heiress from either parent: whilst her hereditary expectations were taken into account, his title was by royal grant. He did not intend Anne to inherit or remarry. She however married Gloucester, who laid claim to half the Beauchamp, Despenser and Salisbury lands, probably in addition to the Neville lands. Edward IV imposed as settlement the division of all four inheritances. All three brothers agreed not to attaint Warwick or his brother Montagu, but to dispossess the Countess Anne and Montagu's son of their entitlements. Crowland found the settlement profoundly shocking. If this allowed Clarence to secure his duchess' heritage ahead of time, he was nevertheless deprived of much that he had received in 1471 even though his brother's marriage to Anne Neville was never valid. Clarence resisted implementation of this dubious settlement but was obliged to comply: in punishment, he was deprived of his Tutbury estates, so he benefited little on balance from his duchess' inheritance. It is not surprising that he resented the way that had been treated.
Reconciliation with Edward
Only six years passed between Clarence's reconciliation with his brother in 1471 and his fall in 1477. He was appointed great chamberlain of England, councillor of the new Prince of Wales who had supplanted him as heir, attended the council, parliament, and state ceremonies, and took one of the largest retinues on Edward's invasion of France in 1475. Whilst he had lands all over the country, his principal estates were in the North Midlands until 1473, in the West Midlands, and in the West Country: he is recorded occasionally commuting from Warwick via Tewkesbury to Tiverton in Devon. He is revealed by John Rous as lord of Warwick in the Beauchamp tradition. He fathered four children, two of whom outlived him. Following his duchess' death in 1476, he appears to have believed her poisoned by her attendant Ankarette Twynho, who – in a shocking display of arbitrary power – he abducted from her home in Dorset to Warwick, where he was most powerful. She was put on trial, all stages being completed in one day, and executed. This is the most convincing proof of Clarence's overwhelming power in his home country.
Treason and Death
Several factors contributed to Clarence's rupture with his king in 1477. Following his duchess' death, he was in the market for a second consort. The opportunity arose with the death of Charles, Duke of Burgundy, whose duchess – his sister Margaret of York—favoured Clarence as consort to her step-daughter Mary, Clarence's step-niece, 'the greatest heiress of her time'. Clarence would have become an important sovereign prince. Such a match might have been thought in England's national interest, but Edward IV thwarted it. Perhaps he feared what use Clarence would make of such promotion; perhaps he did not want his brother advanced; most probably he wanted to avoid foreign entanglements and expense, a breach with France or the loss of his French pension – a priority that restricted his diplomatic independence and ultimately failed. Clarence reportedly attended council less frequently and contributed little when there. In private he complained against Edward and Edward railed against Clarence, but their comments were relayed from each to other. Reportedly Clarence feared that the king sought his ruin as a candle consumes in burning. Sibling rivalries overcame the proper relations of the monarch and his greatest subject.
Clarence's trusted retainer Thomas Burdet and two astrologers supposedly cast the king's horoscope, which, under contemporary law, was treasonable. All were convicted and executed, Burdet declaring his innocence. Clarence had his protestation read out at the royal council. Whilst surely right to stand up for his retainer, it was this act, which cast doubt on royal justice that prompted Edward to imprison him. Probably it was only later that the Twynho affair came into play. Clarence's arrest did not presume the death penalty, nor did it constitute treason, nor was the duke (so far as we know) implicated in any other treasons. Yet he was to be charged, tried and executed for treason in a parliament specially summoned for this purpose in January 1478. The act of attainder mentions a number of offences, none of them actually treasonable, such as the Twynho affair, railing against the king, and his claim to be the Lancastrian heir. No doubt Edward's decision was related to events in 1469-71, even though Clarence's offences then had been pardoned and wiped clean. Crowland did not consider the charges worthy of mention in his elaborate account. The surviving act bears the king's signature – may indeed have already borne it before presentation to parliament – and the king led the prosecution, to which Clarence was allowed no defence. Crowland, who appears to have been present, thought the trial and the verdict unjust. So too our other sources: 'were hee fautye were hee faultlesse'; whether 'the charge was fabricated or a real plot revealed'. Edward failed to convince contemporaries of his brother's guilt. Edward's destruction of his brother – fratricide – and a royal prince was deeply shocking.
Conclusion
All our principal sources look beyond the trial itself for the root causes – in the enmity of the queen, the plotting of Clarence's enemies, and in misunderstanding of an alleged prophecy that Edward would be succeeded by someone whose name began with G – not George, but Gloucester. If so, Edward was not the prime mover but the instrument of others. Yet the trial was carefully prepared and planning began early. The parliament of 1478 was packed – a higher proportion of the Commons were servants of the crown or of key courtiers. The session was interlaced with the marriage celebration of the king's second son, which enabled an appearance of royal unity to be presented. No divisions were permitted, as key kinsmen – his brothers-in-law Buckingham and Suffolk – were involved and rewarded. None however benefited more than Clarence's brother Richard Duke of Gloucester.
Just as Clarence's death was a precondition for Gloucester's accession in 1483, so too his conviction – and hence his trial – was inconceivable if opposed by the king's next brother. The narrative sources are ambiguous: both Mancini and More say that Richard concealed his real feelings, the first that he supported Clarence's destruction whilst pretending otherwise, the second that he opposed it openly, but not so strongly as one that was minded to his wealth. The first may emanate from Richard himself as king. The record evidence confirms More's account. Nobody benefited more from Clarence's death than his brother Richard. He received nine specific benefits at Clarence's expense. Whilst these are significant, it has been argued that grants after Clarence's death need not imply either co-operation in or foreknowledge of Clarence's destruction. Although the patents are dated to February, the warrants are dated somewhat earlier and several can be dated before the parliament even met. Gloucester's son Edward took Clarence's earldom of Salisbury as early as July 1477. Responsibility for Clarence's fate, justified or not, rests with King Edward, whether manipulated or not.
Clarence was executed in the Tower on February 1478. Absurd though it is, the story that he was drowned in malmsey wine is strictly contemporary and no alternative was offered. Any wider significance from such a curious end cannot be proven. The duke was buried beside his wife at Tewkesbury Abbey.
Further Reading
His Wife - Lady Anne Neville
by Marie Barnfield
Early Years
Anne Neville was Richard's wife and his queen. She was the younger of the two daughters of Richard Neville and Anne Beauchamp, earl and countess of Warwick, her elder sister being Isabel (b.1451), later duchess of Clarence. Anne was born at Warwick Castle overlooking the River Avon on 11 June 1456, and was christened in the collegiate church of St Mary in the town. Her parents would at this stage still have hoped for a son to continue the line, and would only gradually have come to accept that their two daughters were likely to be their only bodily heirs. By the time of Anne's birth her father Warwick was already an outstanding political figure, having achieved most of the credit for the Yorkist victory at the First Battle of St. Albans the previous year and been appointed Captain of Calais. When Anne was almost a year old her parents took up residence in Calais, and Anne probably – though not certainly - spent her next three years there with her parents and elder sister.
Warwick Castle After the Yorkist victory Warwick returned to the mainland. As King Edward's principal diplomat and soldier, he would often have been absent from home and Isabel and Anne probably remained with their mother. Where the girls lived is not clear, but Middleham Castle in North Yorkshire may have been their main residence. Anne first features in public at the enthronement celebrations of her uncle George Neville as archbishop of York in September 1465 when she was nine years old. Also present was the King's youngest brother Richard Duke of Gloucester (b.1452), who had recently joined the earl's household alongside Francis Lord Lovell (born 1456) and other noble youths. The previous year a rift had opened up between Anne's father and the King when Edward had responded to Warwick's negotiations for a French bride by announcing his secret marriage to an English gentlewoman, Elizabeth Woodville. The new queen's possession of a number of unmarried sisters deprived Warwick of most of the suitable matches for his own daughters and it seems plausible that the King had offered Gloucester and Lovell as bridegrooms for Isabel and Anne.
Warwick had, however, by this time conceived an ambition to marry both of his daughters to both of the King's brothers, which meant that Gloucester, as the younger prince, would marry Anne rather than Isabel. It is not true that - as has recently been claimed - Isabel and Anne could not legally marry two brothers because the first marriage would set up an impediment of 'affinity' to the second (Hicks, Anne Neville, Tempus, 2006, and 'The Incestuous King? Richard III', BBC History Magazine, June 2006). The so-called 'in-law' impediment of affinity merely referred to the relationship between an individual and those with whom they had personally become 'one flesh' through sexual intercourse; it prevented the individual from marrying, without dispensation, the relative of a previous spouse (or, in theory at least, a previous lover) but it did not create any impediment whatsoever to marriages between that same individual's blood relatives and 'affines'.
The only obstacle to Warwick's double marriage scheme was the King; he would not agree to give Warwick his male heir, George of Clarence, whose marriage potential was an important tool in his foreign diplomacy. The Neville girls were a good catch, however, as they were coheiresses to their father's earldom of Salisbury and to all their mother's vast estates, consisting of the earldom of Warwick and the Despencer lands in the south-west (the northern Neville lands themselves were the subject of an entail which meant that they would pass not to Warwick's daughters but to his nearest male heir).
Despite the king's opposition, Warwick won Clarence's own consent and sent agents over to Rome to secure the necessary dispensations as his daughters were more closely related to the King's brothers than was allowed by canon law. At least, we know that a dispensation was obtained for Isabel's marriage to Clarence because we have documentary evidence that it existed; we can only presume that a dispensation would also have been obtained for Richard's marriage to Anne, although for this we have only circumstantial, rather than direct, evidence; neither dispensation has yet been located in the Vatican Archives. It was only towards the end of 1468, when relations between the king and the earl of Warwick had broken down completely, that Richard was also forced to make a choice of allegiance: he returned to the royal household. With his departure Anne's marriage prospects would have looked considerably bleaker – Lord Lovell had already been married off to her cousin Anne FitzHugh.
The Lancastrian Princess of Wales
Clarence nonetheless persisted in his intrigue with Warwick and, on 12 July 1469, secretly wed Isabel Neville at Calais. This marriage was the foundation stone of their rebellion, which destroyed the king's favourites, consigned King Edward to custody - possibly with a view to replacing him with Clarence - and put the Nevilles back in control.
© Geoffrey Wheeler The coup failed to endure, however. After a brief reconciliation and a further unsuccessful rebellion, Anne found herself fleeing with her parents, sister and brother-in-law Clarence into exile in France; Isabel's first baby was born dead aboard ship.
This was the context for Anne's first marriage, to Edward of Lancaster, the son and heir of the dethroned Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou. With the support and persuasion of King Louis XI of France, Queen Margaret now made alliance with Warwick in order to confront King Edward on equal military terms. The marriage could not take place until a dispensation had been obtained since Anne and Prince Edward were third cousins, but on 25 July 1470 the two young strangers were solemnly betrothed in Angers cathedral. Weeks later Warwick and Clarence invaded England leaving Anne in France with her mother. Edward IV fled abroad and Henry VI resumed his throne. Having received the dispensation, Anne and Edward were married at Amboise on 13 December; he was seventeen, she fourteen.
After Christmas the young Prince and Princess of Wales travelled with their mothers to the coast at Dieppe to take ship for England. The weather was so stormy, however, that it was March before they finally set sail for Weymouth, Anne in one ship with Queen Margaret and the Prince, and her mother in another. The weather conditions were still bad, and the ship carrying Anne's mother was blown off course many miles to the east. They made land on 14 April 1471, just in time to witness the downfall of the new régime. King Edward had returned and taken London, Clarence had reverted to his Yorkist allegiance, and that very day Warwick had perished in defeat at Barnet. Anne's mother took sanctuary at Beaulieu Abbey in the New Forest. Anne herself shared in the forced march to Tewkesbury, where King Edward destroyed the Lancastrian army and Prince Edward was amongst the slain. Anne was placed in the custody of her sister the Duchess Isabel and her brother-in-law Clarence.
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The Marriage Dispute
Anne's father and husband had both died traitors; her mother, in Beaulieu Sanctuary, was also regarded with hostility by King Edward and was soon to find herself surrounded by an armed guard (BL MS Cotton Julius BXII, f. 317). The estates of both her parents were forfeit, and all that was to have been divided between Anne and her sister had been taken by Isabel's husband Clarence. The Neville lands in the North, which would have gone to her little cousin George Neville had his father Montagu not also died a traitor at Barnet, had been granted to the king's younger brother Gloucester. Anne's sister and brother-in-law seemingly had no intention of allowing Anne to marry or receive her share of the Warwick and Salisbury inheritance, and yet before nine months had passed Richard Duke of Gloucester had sought her hand. This was a prudent match for both parties, and it was also the marriage that Anne's father had originally favoured for her, but her guardian Clarence, fully realising that with his brother behind her Anne would be able to fight for her inheritance, refused the offer and sought to conceal her, supposedly as a kitchen maid, but Richard found her and took her to the neutral refuge of St Martin's Sanctuary in London.
The signatures of Anne Warwick and Richard Gloucester Anne consented to marry Richard and they sent to Rome for a final dispensation to cover the affinity that had arisen between them as the result of Anne's marriage to Edward of Lancaster, who had been Richard's second cousin once removed. In February 1472, under pressure from the King, Clarence also agreed to the marriage but only on the understanding that they would 'part no livelihood'. By 18 March, however, he had agreed to surrender certain estates to Richard (CPR 1467-77, p. 330). The dispensation, issued in Rome on 22 April, is likely to have reached England in June. Apparently in the teeth of renewed opposition from Clarence, the couple were married sometime between the arrival of the dispensation and January 1473, when Anne was sixteen and Richard nineteen or twenty; and in the early summer of 1473 Gloucester succeeded in gaining the King's permission for Anne's mother to be brought from Beaulieu Sanctuary to join their own household at Middleham.
The Countess was, however, not to be restored to her estates. Not only was it not in the financial interests of her daughters and sons-in-law, but King Edward would not have risked the possibility that she might, by remarriage, have put her vast wealth at the disposal of another would-be overmighty subject. What was sought was a settlement of the Countess's estates upon her two daughters and their husbands, but Clarence continued to obstruct. By the autumn of 1473 he was in arms against Gloucester, and it was soon reported at the French court (apparently by an English visitor sympathetic to Clarence) that Richard, who 'by force had taken to wife the daughter of the late Earl of Warwick, who had been married to the Prince of Wales, was constantly preparing for war with the Duke of Clarence. The latter, because his brother, King Edward, had promised him Warwick's country, did not want the former to have it by reason of his marriage with the earl's second daughter' (Calendar of Milanese State Papers, p. 177).
Marriage effected by force (raptus) and fear was void, and it would thus appear that Clarence was now objecting that Richard had no claim on any part of the Warwick inheritance as his marriage to Anne was canonically null. Forced marriage was particularly frowned on by the landed classes where the force emanated from the groom rather than from the girl's own parents or guardians. Society was particularly prone to view the enticement of an heiress into marriage against the wishes of her family or guardians as raptus for the purposes of theft: culturally the distinction between abduction and elopement was barely meaningful. In removing Anne from Clarence's guardianship to St Martin's Sanctuary, it could be argued that Richard had abducted her. This would almost certainly have been the grounds of Clarence's accusation of force, but although canonists shared societal attitudes, in fact only the girl's own consent, not that of her family, was necessary for the contracting of a valid marriage, and subsequent consensual sexual relations and cohabitation would legitimise even a marriage initially contracted by force.
© Geoffrey Wheeler Clarence's complaint of raptus was vexatious, a mere pretext to delay settlement. If he had any stronger canonical objections to the marriage we have no record of them.
Clarence was finally brought to heel by the King simply confiscating his estates, and in May 1474 the dispute was settled by an Act of Parliament that shocked the Crowland Chronicler as it decreed that the Countess's lands were to be immediately enjoyed by her two daughters and their husbands 'as though she were naturally dead'; in practice, Clarence still retained most of the Countess's inheritance, Richard and Anne's share being made up from other family sources. The aspersions cast by Clarence on the validity of Richard and Anne's marriage were addressed by a clause protecting their rights in the event of their being divorced (i.e. of their marriage being declared null and void by the Church) and then legally remarried to each other, and also protected Richard's rights whilst he should attempt to effect such a valid second marriage with Anne (C. Given-Wilson [ed.], Parliament Rolls of Medieval England, Edward IV - October 1472 - 2nd roll). In the unlikely case that any church court was ever actually asked to pronounce on the legality of the marriage it must have found in Richard and Anne's favour as they continued as man and wife until her death.
Richard, Duke of Gloucester by Graham Turner.
Reproduced by kind permissionof the artist. www.studio88.co.uk Anne's career as duchess is visible in glimpses. Examples from the years 1475 to 1477 will suffice to give a flavour. In 1475, almost certainly during Richard's absence on the French campaign, we find her corresponding with the Mayor and aldermen of York, one letter being sufficiently important for her to send it by the hands of Lord Greystoke and other members of her husband's council (York City Chamberlains' Account Rolls, Surtees Soc. Vol. 192, 1980, p. 152). Edward, their only child (or at least the only child to survive infancy and enter the public record), was born at Middleham during the spring or summer of 1476; during the same year Anne also became a sister of Durham Priory where several of her Neville forebears were buried, and in December she seems to have been in London with Richard when he charged to his East Anglian estates payments 'for certain furs delivered by command of the said duke to his most dearly beloved consort', and for 'silk cloth and other things delivered to the aforesaid consort'. In 1477 Richard and Anne joined the Corpus Christi Guild of York, and Anne used her influence with Durham Priory to seek preferment for one of her clerks. She was probably also influential in the couple's endowment of Queens' College, Cambridge, that same year.
The Queen
After Edward IV's death, Richard rode south to take up his position as Protector to the young Edward V. Anne followed a month later, arriving in London on Thursday 5 June, shortly before the beginning of the political crisis that ended with Richard's acceptance of the throne; it was during this period that Clarence's and Isabel's orphaned son, Edward Earl of Warwick, who had been the ward of the Marquess Dorset, was delivered into Anne's care (Mancini).
Richard and Anne shared a joint coronation. For the procession from the Tower to Westminster on the eve of the ceremony, she wore a kirtle and mantle made from 27 yards of white cloth-of-gold furred with ermine and miniver, and trimmed with lace and tassels of white silk and gold (Laynesmith, p. 92). The coronation day began at 7 am with a procession on foot from Westminster Hall to the Abbey, where the couple were crowned and anointed, and mass was sung. The day ended with a magnificent banquet at which Richard was served on gold and Anne on gilt.
Anne reigned for such a short time that we have no record of her household as queen, which was probably still in the process of being established at her death. The evidence we have suggests that many of her ladies in waiting were drawn from members of the northern gentry who would have served her as Duchess of Gloucester. She often travelled with Richard. During his coronation progress she caught up with him at Warwick, bringing with her a visiting Spanish ambassador whom she had received at Windsor. After a week's sojourn at her birthplace, Anne and Richard travelled to York, where their seven-year-old son Edward was invested as Prince of Wales. When Richard turned south again, Anne and young Edward went with him to Pontefract, where they stayed a further two weeks.
Anne was at Westminster with Richard for the Christmas festivities. In March, she and Richard rode northwards for a two-day visit to Queens' College, Cambridge, where 'the most serene Queen Anne … augmented and endowed the college with great rents' (Laynesmith, p. 256). In thanks, the university authorities obtained a decree that a mass be celebrated annually on 2 May 'for the happy state of the same most renowned prince [King Richard] and his dearest consort Anne' (Hammond, p. 20). The couple then settled their court at Nottingham, where they received the disastrous and unexpected news of their son's death at Middleham. 'You might have seen the father and mother … almost out of their minds for a long time when faced with the sudden grief' (Crowland, p. 171).
Prince Edward's death was a dynastic blow as well as a personal tragedy for Richard and Anne, leaving Richard without an obvious heir to stabilize his rule and continue his dynasty. With Henry Tudor posing as a prospective consort for Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth, the need for Anne to produce another child was now urgent. She was still only twenty-seven and apparently healthy, so she is likely to have travelled with Richard thereafter whenever possible. It is often supposed at any rate that, when Richard was based at Scarborough that summer to direct naval operations against the Scots, Anne was also there, residing in the square tower named in 1538 by the traveller John Leland as 'The Queens Towre or Lodging' (The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary, ed. Thomas Hearne, Vol. 1, 1745, p. 62).
Anne was with her husband again that Christmas, her attendants now including King Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth and perhaps her younger sisters, who had been allowed out of sanctuary by their mother the previous March. The Crowland Chronicler is at pains to tell us that during this Christmas feast 'far too much attention was given to dancing and gaiety' and to frequent changes of matching clothes by Queen Anne and the Lady Elizabeth. As the court was celebrating Twelfth Night, news arrived that Henry Tudor had determined to attempt an invasion that coming summer.
Immediately, Richard found himself deluged by hostile rumours 'by evil disposed persons contrived and sown' (Lander, p. 255). After the favour shown to the Lady Elizabeth at Christmas, Crowland continues, a tale spread that the king was determined to marry her, either after Anne's death 'or by means of a divorce for which he believed he had sufficient grounds.' But the chronicler offers no suggestion as to what these grounds may have been, and this was probably no more than a popular revival of Clarence's complaint. Actually, Anne took sick just 'a few days later' with a mortal illness, so it would be surprising if Richard had felt the need to consider divorce, and rather predictably those rumours were now superseded by whispers of poison. The only clues we have as to the actual nature of Anne's illness are its duration – two months – and the fact that her doctors advised Richard to avoid her bed.
As for the marriage to his niece, we now know that a marriage deal involving Elizabeth was being considered for Richard's widowhood, but it was a double marriage between Richard and a Portuguese princess, and Elizabeth and a Portuguese prince.
Anne died on 16 March 1485, on the same day that England experienced a great eclipse of the sun. She was just three months short of her twenty-ninth birthday. She was buried in Westminster Abbey 'with honours no less than befitted the burial of a queen' (Crowland, p. 175.). She had been in life, according to the Beauchamp family hagiographer John Rows, 'seemly, amiable and beauteous, and in conditions full commendable and right virtuous and, according to the interpretation of her name, Anne, full gracious.'
The final postscript to Anne's story occurred on 30 March, when Richard called the Mayor and citizens of London and the available lords to the great hall of the Hospital of St. John to address the rumour that he had had Anne poisoned in order to marry Elizabeth. Addressing them 'in a loud and distinct voice', he 'showed his grief and displeasure aforesaid and said it never came into his thought or mind to marry in such manner wise, nor willing nor glad of the death of his queen but as sorry and in heart as heavy as man might be …' (Lander, pp. 255-6).
Main Sources/ Further Reading
Richard III by David Baldwin, Stroud, 2012
'Diriment Impediments, Dispensations and Divorce: Richard III and Matrimony' by Marie Barnfield, The Ricardian, Vol. XVII, 2007, pp. 84-98
Richard III: The Maligned King by Annette Carson, Stroud, 2008
'English royal marriages and the Papal Penitentiary in the fifteenth century' by P.D.Clarke, English Historical Review, 120, 2005
The Rows Roll edited by W.H. Courthope, London, 1859
The Itinerary of Richard III 1483-1485 by Rhoda Edwards, Gloucester, 1983
Parliament rolls of Medieval England, edited by Christopher Given-Wilson
Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales by P. W. Hammond, Kent, 1973
The Coronation of Richard III: The Extant Documents edited by P. W. Hammond & A. F. Sutton, Gloucester, 1983
Marriage Litigation in Medieval England by R. H. Helmholz, Cambridge, 1974, (paperback edition 2007)
by Michael Hicks:
False, Fleeting, Perjur'd Clarence, Gloucester, 1980
Richard III, Stroud, 2000 (revised edition)
Warwick the Kingmaker, Oxford, 1998 (2002 paperback edition)
'One prince or two?', The Ricardian, Vol. IX, 1993, pp. 469-72
The Last Medieval Queens by J. L. Laynesmith, Oxford, 2004
The Wars of the Roses by J. R. Lander, London, 1974 (White Lion edition)
'Some expenses of Richard Duke of Gloucester, 1475-7' by Rosemary Horrox & Anne Sutton, The Ricardian, Vol. VI, 1983, pp. 266-9
The Crowland Chronicle Continuations 1459-1486 edited by N. Pronay & J. Cox, London, 1986
'The 'ravishing' of Isabel Boteler: abduction and the pursuit of wealth in Lancastrian England' by Shelley A. Sinclair, The Ricardian, Vol XI, no 146, September 1999
by Barrie Williams:
'The Portuguese connection and the significance of the holy princess', The Ricardian, Vol. VI, pp. 138-5
'The Portuguese marriage negotiations: a reply', The Ricardian, Vol. VI, pp. 235-6
His Son - Edward, Prince of Wales
by Peter Hammond
where Prince Edward was born.
© Geoffrey Wheeler It seems likely that he was in fact born c.1474-1476 since he is recorded as aged seven and a little more in 1483. Little is known of his life before his father's accession to the throne in the summer of 1483. He did not attend his father's coronation on 6 July but was made nominal Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on 19 July and created Prince of Wales on 24 August in a splendid ceremony in York. He was formally declared heir apparent to the throne in February 1484. Nothing more is known of his life and by about the beginning of April 1484 he was dead. We do not know where he was buried. We do know that it was not in Sheriff Hutton as has often been said.
Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales by P W Hammond, 2nd edtion 1973
Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales by A J Pollard, New DNB
Richard and Anne's Dispensation, Marie Barnfield, Ricardian Bulletin, Spring 2006, pp.30-32
His Illegitimate Children
by Peter Hammond
The image of Richard III presented by some historians is that of moral earnestness and a puritanical outlook,[1] and that of his brother Edward of moral laxity. It is true to say though that while Richard publicly acknowledged two bastards in his lifetime (John of Gloucester and Katherine Plantagenet), his brother acknowledged none. The difference may be that Richard's illegitimate children were born before his marriage, while some of Edward's were born afterwards; the children of a bachelor were not considered as reprehensible as were the bastards of a married man. There is some evidence that Richard had a third illegitimate child, Richard of Eastwell, not publicly acknowledged in his lifetime. Very little is known about any of these children, particularly the third, and this article attempts to summarise this scanty information.
First a few general remarks. It is necessary to say that, historical novelists notwithstanding, nothing is known for certain of the date of birth of any of the children, nor about their mothers. Probably they all had different mothers, but it is possible that they may have had the same mother, or at least that John of Gloucester and Katherine Plantagenet, the two openly acknowledged ones, did, but this is pure surmise. Nothing at all is known about the early lives of John and Katherine, although it is possible that they were two of 'the children' referred to in the Regulations for the King's Household in the North in July 1484.[3]
John of Gloucester
The Medieval City of Calais The first reference to John is in September 1483, when, according to Buck, '[the king] made Richard of Gloucester, his base son [Captain of] Calais'. He was possibly in fact knighted on this occasion.[4] The reference to Richard must be a mistake for John of Gloucester because of a later grant to 'our dear bastard son, John of Gloucester' of the offices of Captain of Calais, and of the fortresses of Rysbank, Guisnes, Hammes, and Lieutenant of the Marches of Picardy for his life.[5] This patent is dated 11 March 1485, and gives John all necessary powers, with the exception of that of appointing the officers. This was reserved until John became twenty-one, from which it may be gathered that he had not yet reached that age, although how much younger he was we do not know. It may be surmised that he was not too near it or the reservation would not have been worth making. The patent describes John as having 'liveliness of mind, activity of body, and inclination to all good customs (which) promise us, by the grace of God, great hope of his good service for the future'. These remarks may be pure convention (or reflect parental pride) rather than objective fact, for in the charter creating Edward of Middleham Prince of Wales very similar expressions are used.[6] The initial notice of the appointment to the Captaincy of Calais provides a possible clue to the birthplace of John, since he is there referred to as John of Pomfret.[7]
It seems probable that John was acting as Captain of Calais before the date of his patent of appointment, since in the Canterbury City Archives there occur references to payments in November 1484 for an allowance of wine and leavened bread 'for the Lord Bastard riding to Calais', and for a pike and wine for 'Master Brakynbury Constable of the Tower of London' returned from Calais at that time 'from the Lord Bastard'.[8] The linking of 'Lord Bastard' with Calais leaves little doubt that John of Gloucester is meant, but has interesting implications. A warrant to deliver clothing to 'the Lord Bastard' dated 9 March 1485, two days before the grant of the Captaincy of Calais, has been put forward as referring to Edward V, who at that date would be officially referred to as such.[9] In view of the Canterbury payment though it seems more likely to be a reference to John of Gloucester, and to cast further doubt on part of the evidence used to prove the survival into 1485 of the eldest son of Edward IV.
where John was probably held prisoner.
© Geoffrey Wheeler The next reference shows that John survived the death of his father, and was provided for to some extent by Henry VII. It is a grant to 'John de Gloucester, bastard, of an annual rent of 20 li. during the King's pleasure, issuing out of the revenues of the lordship or manor of Kyngestonlacy, parcel of the duchy of Lancaster, in co. Dorset'.[10] This grant is not ungenerous, and perhaps shows that at that time Henry felt he had nothing to fear from an undoubted bastard of his late rival. This state of affairs does not seem to have lasted very long, however, since the last reference apparently to John, again from Buck, states that 'about the time these unhappie gentlemen suffered (i.e. at the time of the deaths of Perkin Warbeck and the Earl of Warwick) there was abase sone of King Richard III made away, and secretly, having been kept long before in prison' .The reason for the execution was apparently the wish of some unspecified Irishmen to make him their ruler. Although Buck does not name the person involved, there is no reason to doubt that John is meant, as he is the only openly acknowledged male bastard of Richard known. John also appears to be referred to in the Confession of Perkin Warbeck as 'King Richard's bastard son', then (i.e. 1491) in the hands of Henry VII.[11]
It has been suggested[12] that we have a later reference than this to John of Gloucester in a Patent Roll entry of 1505. The reference is to one 'John Gloucestre', as merchant of the Staple of Calais, to whom Henry VII was granting a pardon. It is unlikely that this refers to Richard's son, for the name was not uncommon. For example, a man of this name, a citizen and grocer, was appointed Bailiff of Southwark by the City of London in 1460, and he or someone else of this name served on a number of royal commissions, one as late as 1477. A person of this name is described as dead in May 1484.[13] It therefore seems more likely that a son or relative of the 1460 Bailiff of Southwark is the man referred to in 1505, and not Richard's son.
Katherine Plantagenet
Katherine, the only daughter, albeit illegitimate, of Richard III, first comes to notice in 1484, when William Herbert, Earl of Huntingdon (formerly Earl of Pembroke) covenanted 'to take to wife Dame Katherine Plantagenet, daughter to the King, before Michaelmas of that year'.[14] Nothing is known of Dame Katherine before this, no mention is made anywhere of her mother, nor when she was born. That she married in 1484 is no guide to her age: child marriages were not uncommon in the fifteenth century, (Anne Mowbray was five when she was married to Richard, Duke of York), but she could hardly have been older than about eighteen since Richard himself was only born in 1452, and it is perhaps unlikely that she would have been born after Richard's marriage in about 1474. She was thus probably between ten and eighteen years of age.
The marriage covenant mentioned was dated 29 February. In it, in addition to agreeing to marry Katherine before 29 September 1484 (Michaelmas), the Earl agreed to make her a jointure in lands of £200 per annum. The King, who agreed to bear the whole cost of the marriage, undertook to settle lands and lordships to a value of 1000 marks per annum on them and the heirs male of their two bodies. The settlement of the King was subject to certain interesting qualifications. The couple were to have manors, lordships, lands and tenements in the possession of the King on the day of the marriage, to the value of 600 marks, and the same to the value of 400 marks in reversion after the death of Lord Stanley. Meanwhile, during the life of Lord Stanley, they were to have an annuity of 400 marks payable from the revenues of the lordships of Newport, Brecknock and Hay. The manors etc. in the possession of Lord Stanley were obviously those of his wife, granted to him for his life because of her support of Buckingham's uprising. The revenues of the annuity had lately belonged to the duke of Buckingham himself. Three days after the marriage agreement had been entered into, on 3 March, the King fulfilled the second part of his engagement, granting the annuity he had promised. They were married between then and May 1484, since a grant of the proceeds of various manors in Devon, Cornwall and Somerset was then made to 'William Erle of Huntingdon and Kateryn his wif'.[15] On 8 March 1485 a further grant was made to the Earl and Katherine his wife of an annuity of £152 10.10 from the issues of the King's possessions in the counties of Carmarthen and Cardigan, and from those of the King's lordship of Haverfordwest.[16]
Nothing further is known about Katherine. She may have had children, but if so they did not survive, since the Earl's heir was Elizabeth, his daughter by his first wife, Mary Woodville. Nor is it known when she died, but it seems very likely that she did not survive the Earl (although he certainly did not marry again), and she may have been dead by 25 November 1487, the date of the coronation of Elizabeth of York. Among the lists of nobility present at that ceremony is a list of earls (including the Earl of Huntingdon) all described as 'widowers'.[17] If this is correct (and one of the other earls in the list was probably not a widower) then Katherine was probably dead by this date, under the age of twenty. Another clue to the date of her death may be given by the fact that on 17 May 1488 Henry VII confirmed Herbert's charter as earl of Huntingdon.[18] This may have reflected a desire to confirm his position after the death of his wife, or of course merely a desire to consolidate his position in the Tudor world.
Richard Plantagenet
Page from Desiderata Curiosa,
a source for the story of Richard of Eastwell Richard Plantagenet—or Richard of Eastwell—is a mysterious figure who may, or more probably may not, have been a son of Richard III. The facts in this case are even more scanty than for John and Katherine and consist of an entry in the parish register of Eastwell, a hamlet three miles north of Ashford in Kent. The entry reads 'Rychard Plantagenet was buryed the xxij daye of Desember, Anno ut supra', and appears under the year 1550. This entry is the foundation of all the stories about Richard Plantagenet. It appears to be genuine. The register is in fact a copy made in 1598 by the then vicar, Josias Nicholls, in accordance with an order made in that year that all existing paper registers be copied into vellum books. The original paper register no longer exists. However, comparing the existing vellum copy with the bishop's transcripts of the period 1562 (when they begin) to 1598 shows good agreement. The entry for 1550 in the register as we have it is therefore almost certainly an accurate copy of that made at the time. For the Richard Plantagenet entry to be disregarded the incumbent in 1550 (Richard Styles), or Josias Nicholls must have deliberately forged it. We have no reason to suppose that either was capable of such an apparently pointless act. It has been suggested[19] that the entry is a pedantic translation of the common name 'Broom', but the extant register is not in Latin, nor are the existing bishop's transcripts, and we have no reason to suppose the original 1550 register was either. Of course no one knows if the deceased believed himself to be a Plantagenet, or whether Sir Thomas Moyle, the owner of Eastwell, so believed, or both. Sir Thomas must almost certainly have known of the entry in the register when it was made.
It has been said that the register entry has a mark against it which only appears against the names of those of noble blood. This story was started in 1767 by Philip Parsons, the then Vicar of Eastwell.[20] It is true that there is a mark of sorts against the name Richard Plantagenet, and that there are other (different) marks against other names (not all noble), but the explanation of these seems to be that they were made by a member of the Finch family, later owners of Eastwell, to mark off entries interesting to himself, which he then copied out.[21]
One other piece of evidence is sometimes cited for the existence of Richard Plantagenet, namely his 'tomb'. This is still in Eastwell Church, which is now a ruin, being damaged in the war. All of the other tombs were removed to the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1968 for protection. In form it is an altar tomb, with indents for brasses, and was formerly on the north side of the chancel. It is almost certainly the tomb of Sir Walter Moyle, who died in 1480; the form of the brass indents shows that it originally housed pt least two bodies, one male and one female, the latter apparently wearing a head-dress of circa 1480-1490. There are also indents for two groups, one for two sons and one for three daughters, below the two main figures.[22] The tomb could certainly not have belonged to Richard Plantagenet.
The other details of the story as often told apparently stem from a letter by a Dr Brett published in 1735.[23] This states, with much circumstantial detail, that Richard was acknowledged by his father Richard III on the eve of Bosworth, but only privately, and that he lived in obscurity after the battle as a stonemason at Eastwell. Sir Thomas Moyle, the owner of Eastwell Place, is said to have discovered his identity and given him a cottage to live in, where he remained until his death at about the age of eighty-one. It seems very likely that Dr Brett believed the story he related in his letter to be true, and that this story reflects a genuine tradition in the Finch family, owners of Eastwell Place in 1733. However there is apparently no reference in print to Richard Plantagenet between the date of the burial entry (1550) and 1773, which may be regarded as suspicious, although Dr Samuel Pegge confirmed that the tradition existed in the Eastwell area in the middle of the eighteenth century while he was vicar of neighbouring Godmersham.[24] It is true to say though, that if there is no evidence that the full legend is true, there is also none that it is untrue.[25]
Notes and References
This is an amended form of the article in The Ricardian, Vol. V, No.66, (September 1979), pp. 92-6 which takes account of the short note in Vol. V, No.72, (March 1981), p. 319. The amended article was then published in Richard III: Crown and People, edited by James Petre.
See for example Kendall, pp. 320, 322, 323.
There is a very slight possibility that we have a clue to the name of Richard's mistress (or one of them), in a grant by Richard in 1477 to Katherine Haute of 100 shillings per annum for life (DL29/637/10360A). Katherine was the wife of James Haute (son of William Haute and Joan Woodville, and so cousin to Elizabeth Woodville). Little is known about her; there is no apparent reason for Richard to give her an annuity, and her Christian name is of course that of Richard's illegitimate daughter, an uncommon one in the Yorkist Neville families. All of this may of course be far from the truth, although it is suggestive. Thanks are due to Dr Rosemary Horrox for this reference, and for her comments.
There is a very slight possibility that we have a clue to the name of Richard's mistress (or one of BL Hari MS 433, Vol. 3, p. 114.
Sir George Buck, The History of King Richard the Third, (1619), edited A.N. Kincaid, (Gloucester 1979), pp. 51, 255. Fabyan is the source of the (erroneous) information that Richard made this son Captain of Calais at this time. The reference to a bastard of Richard being knighted in 1483 appears in the 1646 edition of Buck's work (p. 28), presumably added by the editor, Buck's nephew, George Buck, contrary to his normal practice of not adding any factual material, (Kincaid, Buck, p. lxvii). We have no clue as to the source of his information.
Thomas Rymer, Foedera, (London 1704-13), Vol. 12, pp. 265-6.
BL Hart MS 433, Vol. 1, pp. 81-2.
BL Hart MS 433, Vol. 1, p. 269.
Chamberlains' Accounts of the City of Canterbury, Michaelmas 1484 to Michaelmas 1485, f. 26. I am indebted to Dr Anne Sutton for a transcript of the Latin entry from the Canterbury Archives.
BL Hart MS 433, Vol. 2, p. 211. See also Caroline Halsted, Richard Ill as Duke of Gloucester and King of England, (London 1844), Vol. 2, p. 487 and C.R. Markham, Richard Ill, (London 1906), p. 237.
W. Campbell (ed.), Materials for the History of the Reign of Henry VII, Rolls Series, Vol. 1, i (London 1873), p. 328.
George Buck, op. cit., pp. 170, 298.
By A.N. Kincaid, George Buck, op. cit., p. 298. See CPR 1494-1509, p. 448.
D.J. Johnson, Southwark and the City of London, (London 1969), pp. 45, 104 note 3; CPR 1476-85, p. 24; CPR 1476-1485, no.1246, p. 366.
D.H. Thomas, The Herberts of Raglan, unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Wales, (1967), pp. 283,284 and also pp. 215-16 quoting the Herbertorum Prosapia, a seventeenth-century history of the Herbert family. A version of the Covenant was printed by Halsted, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 569.
CPR 1476-85, p. 431; BL Harl MS 433, Vol. 2, p. 137. The marriage is usually stated to have taken place between March and September 1484, see CP, Vol. 10, p. 402.
CPR 1476-85, p. 538.
John Leland, De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea, Vol. 4, (London 1770), pp. 216-23. I am indebted to Rhoda Edwards for drawing my attention to this fact.
CPR 1485-94, p. 237. For a discussion of the position of William Herbert after 1485, see Helen Maurer, 'The Later Careers of William Herbert, Earl of Huntingdon, and his Brother, Sir Walter Herbert', Richard Ill: Crown and People, edited by James Petre, 1985, pp.95-7. Richard's children
R.H.D'Elboux, 'Some Kentish Indents', Archaeologia Cantiana, Vol. 59, (1946), pp. 98-9.
Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 37, (1767), p. 408.
R.H. Husk, Notes and Queries, 6th Series, Vol. 9, (1884), p. 12
D'Elboux, op. cit., pp. 96-7.
Printed by Francis Peck in his Desiderata Curiosa, Vol. 2, (London 1735), pp. 24-51. The letter, dated 1733, relates a conversation between Dr Brett and the 5th Earl of Winchelsea.
Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 37, (1767), p. 408. Pegge wrote under the name 'T. Row', a known pseudonym of his.
For later developments in the history of Richard Plantagenet see David Baldwin, The Lost Prince: The survival of Richard of York, 2007
| Perkin Warbeck |
Which county is most associated with Jack Cade? | Richard III Society | RICHARD III - HIS FAMILY
His family
His Mother - Cecily, Duchess of York
by Dr Joanna Laynesmith
(Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris,
Paris: MS Latin 1158, f. 34v) One of Richard III's most unnatural crimes, according to Tudor propaganda, was his false accusation that his own mother, Cecily Neville, was an adulteress. Polydore Vergil asserted that she 'complanyd afterward in sundry places to right many noblemen …of that great injury'. More recently Michael K Jones has suggested that Edward IV really was a bastard and that Richard's claim to the throne was largely inspired by this fact, abetted by his mother. The nature of Richard's relationship with Cecily remains one of the many mysteries surrounding his accession to the throne.
Of Cecily Neville's last six children, only George and Richard survived infancy. These boys were with her during some of the most traumatic years of her life, as the Lancastrian kingship collapsed and her husband made his unsuccessful bid for the throne of England. She would have supervised their early education, perhaps taught them to read.
Bruges – home to Richard for a few months In the winter of 1460/61 Yorkist fortunes were at their lowest, with the duke of York's death at Wakefield and the earl of Warwick's defeat at St Albans. For their safety Cecily sent the boys, aged just eleven and eight, to the court of the duke of Burgundy. Her decision to remain in London to defend the interests of her only other surviving son, the eighteen-year-old Edward, Earl of March, indicates her priorities and her ambition for her family. Immediately after their return to England the king's little brothers, like their mother, probably lived within the royal household for several years. Richard may well have been nearly thirteen before he left the regular company of his mother for the household of the earl of Warwick.
Family Division
The year 1469 was to prove the first real test in Cecily's relations with her sons. This was the year that George, Duke of Clarence, joined forces with his father-in-law, the earl of Warwick, to rebel against and imprison Edward IV. Richard was steadfastly loyal to Edward in the face of slanders that the king was a bastard. When Clarence and Warwick rebelled again in 1470 to reinstate Henry VI, Richard fled with Edward to Burgundy. But where did Cecily stand? Before Clarence and Warwick set sail for Calais from where they launched their initial rebellion Cecily spent five days with them at Sandwich. Michael Jones has surmised that she had fallen out with Edward and was in favour of the rebellion. Yet only months earlier Edward had named his second daughter after Cecily and as soon as Edward regained his throne in 1471 he took his family to join his mother at Baynard's Castle.
Cecily the Widow.
© Geoffrey Wheeler My suspicion is that Cecily knew nothing of rebellion but was aware of Clarence's plan to marry Warwick's eldest daughter in defiance of the king. This suggests that for all her loyalty to Edward, Cecily did not always put him entirely before her other sons - she wanted George to marry England's most eligible heiress.
In 1461 one observer claimed that Cecily 'can rule the king as she pleases'. It appears from surviving correspondence that her relationship with Richard was similar. In 1474 a land dispute arose between servants of Cecily and Richard. When Richard was first informed of his servant's claim he was prepared to enforce it with men at arms, until he learnt that the dispute was with one of his mother's men. An exchange of letters followed in which Cecily laid down the terms and place of negotiation and ultimately the affair was settled entirely in her man's favour. Cecily's letters also indicate affection for Richard, expressing regret that he had not been able to visit her recently when Edward was with her at Berkhamstead (she had seen Richard only a few weeks previously at Syon).
Cecily's Piety
John the Baptist
© Geoffrey Wheeler By the 1470s Cecily was developing a greater interest in religion and she probably shared some of this with Richard. Notably he and Anne owned a copy of Mechtild of Hackeborn's mystical account of her visions, the Booke of Gostlye Grace, a text which Cecily also owned. They may well have shared a wider interest in Carthusian spirituality. Moreover, in 1478, in the foundation statutes for a college of priests at Middleham, Richard listed saints to whom he had a special devotion, beginning with John the Baptist. Actually we have no other evidence of his interest in this saint, yet by the time of her death in 1495 John the Baptist was the saint who meant most to Cecily. The prioritisation of the Baptist in Richard's very long list may consequently have been inspired by his mother's devotion.
Richard's Accession
Baynards Castle – Cecily's London home This is about as much as we know about the relationship between mother and son before 1483. How far then did she acquiesce in his actions that summer? His use of her London home, Baynard's Castle, initially made me assume that she was probably party to his decision to take the throne. Yet she does not appear to have attended his coronation. Surely if she had helped mastermind his accession she should have been there?
Certain contemporaries were under the impression that Richard had considered claiming the throne on the grounds of his brother's bastardy. However, the allegation of Cecily's adultery does not appear in any official records. Moreover, in the most contemporary description, Mancini's, there is no mention of Richard accusing his mother of adultery. The question of adultery does appear, however, in Mancini's account of Cecily's supposed horror on learning of Edward IV's marriage. Only five years before Richard's accession George, Duke of Clarence, had been attainted for that slander (among other offences) so it was still fresh in public memory and doubtless debated again. Presumably this is where Mancini picked it up and why later writers thought it had been part of Richard's claim as well as Clarence's.
My suspicion is that Cecily did not actively promote Richard's accession, but equally did not oppose it either. She was pragmatic enough to recognise the risks for the House of York and England that a child king would bring. Instead her youngest son was a proven politician and warrior, at last a third king Richard and his Neville queen. The only direct evidence of contact between mother and son during Richard's reign is a letter from Richard in June 1484. The wording seems to me to imply that there was no animosity between them but that they did not see each other on a very regular basis, 'Madam, I heartily beseech you that I may often hear from you to my comfort', Richard wrote. If Cecily really resented Richard as Vergil claimed there would be little point in his writing such words.
Cecily's Will
Berkhampstead Castle where Cecily died The final enigma lies in the title Cecily used in her will: 'wife unto the right noble prince Richard late Duke of Yorke, fader unto the most cristen prince my Lord and son King Edward the iiijth'. Why no mention of her son Richard? Her will was a public document which included requests to the king so most likely she was avoiding any offence to Henry Tudor. This may also explain why she left nothing to her daughter Margaret of Burgundy who had so offended King Henry. Such a coldly political approach at the very end of her life is disappointing to the modern reader, but Cecily's sense of a duty of good ladyship to the servants now dependent upon Henry's goodwill must be considered. Ultimately we can only guess at her emotions for the most controversial child in her turbulent brood.
First published in the Ricardian Bulletin Autumn 2005
His Brother - George, Duke of Clarence, 1449-78
by Prof Michael Hicks
Introduction
George, Duke of Clarence, was the middle brother: his elder brother was King Edward IV and his younger brother was King Richard III. The careers of George and Richard were entwined at many points. They grew up together, clashed in the most major political crisis of the 1470s, and George's fate, in which Richard concurred, was an essential preliminary to the latter's accession. As Thomas More observed, Richard could not have acceded if his elder brother had been still living.
George is remembered in history as 'False, Fleeting, Perjur'd Clarence'—Shakespeare's description—and because he was drowned in malmsey wine. Certainly he perjured himself several times and aspired to wear a crown to which he was not entitled. Yet there was much more to George than simply an ambitious and courageous perjurer. He was just as talented as his brothers, claimed the Crowland Chronicler: just as effective an orator and as dangerous a demagogue, an idol of the multitude, as his father York or father-in-law the Kingmaker. What a pity that we have nothing concrete with which to substantiate these characteristics.
Childhood
Bruges – home to Richard for a few months George Plantagenet was fourth son of Richard, Duke of York (1411-60), and Cecily Neville. York was the greatest nobleman of his age. York was lieutenant – that is, governor and commander-in-chief – in turn of both Henry VI's kingdom of France and of Ireland, and three times lord protector of England. During the 1450s he led the cause of reform against King Henry's favourites and in 1460 laid claim to the crown of England, setting his Clarence/ Mortimer claim against that of Lancaster, persuading parliament successfully to recognise him as heir presumptive on Henry VI's death. That achievement transformed the prospects of all his surviving children: George and Richard, now of political significance, were despatched to the safety of the Low Countries. Until then neither boy was of much account.
Seven of York's children reached maturity, four of them sons: George was the third of these; Richard was the fourth and the last to survive infancy. George was born in Dublin in 1449, during York's residence in Ireland as lieutenant. Members of both the great Anglo-Irish houses of Butler and FitzGerald were his godparents. Nothing more is recorded of the upbringing of any of York's younger children until 1459. The two eldest surviving sons were residing separately at Ludlow in the mid-1450s and the two elder daughters, Anne in 1445 and Elizabeth in 1458, were married to ducal husbands. By implication Margaret (born 1446), George (b. 1449), and Richard (b. 1452) remained with their mother, the Duchess Cecily. With her they were placed in the custody of their aunt Anne, Duchess of Buckingham, in 1459 until their father, Richard, Duke of York, established his claim to the crown in 1460. What Duke Richard had in mind for them is uncertain. His eldest sons Edward and Edmund were to be noblemen. Since neither George nor Richard was earmarked for an ecclesiastical career, so each was to remain a layman and to pursue a secular, genteel and knightly career.
Edward's Heir
Tutbury Castle.
Courtesy of Gerhard Jooste The first stage of the Wars of the Roses ended in the triumph of the House of York. York himself was slain, but his eldest son became King Edward IV on 4 March 1461. Since Edmund had also perished, George as next surviving brother was now heir to the crown and Richard was third in line. Though still too young to be effective politically, they had symbolic significance, as assurances that the new dynasty had come to stay and as potential cements by marriage to diplomatic alliances. Of course George, as the older, was much the more important. Each was knighted, elevated to the Garter, and created duke. George took the title of Clarence that was a potent reminder of the hereditary title of the Yorkists to the crown. George was appointed to high office, as Lieutenant of Ireland and High Steward of England for the coronation, although too young actually to exercise them in person. Each boy was also granted great estates, theoretically. As neither was of age, their brother the king continued to draw the revenues and felt free to revise what had been allocated: the grants were earnests of the king's intention to endow them in due course sufficiently to support their estates as royal dukes. In 1464 George was granted the whole county palatine of Chester, the normal patrimony of the heir presumptive, but only very briefly. During these years, the boys had their own establishment, their own residence in a tower at Greenwich Palace, and their own staff: Master John Tapton was Clarence's chancellor and Sir Robert Wingfield was supervisor of his livelihood. There apparently they resided continually, except when required for ceremonial and state occasions, such as the Leicester parliament of 1463 and the queen's coronation in 1465. About that time, Duke Richard was removed to the household of the earl of Warwick, where he apparently remained until declared of age in 1468 - 1469. George was declared of age on 10 July 1466. Although still only sixteen years old, like other royalty George's majority was advanced, presumably to make him more politically useful.
Edward IV was obliged to endow his brothers to the tune of 2,000 marks a year (£1,366 13s. 4d.), the qualifying income of a duke, but clearly intended to be much more generous. In 1467 he committed himself to 5,600 marks a year (£3,368) for George, eventually (with reversions) £4,400. If not quite of the front rank, such munificence raised George above all contemporary nobles except Warwick, Buckingham, and Norfolk. George had estates in Northumberland, Yorkshire, Kent and the West Country when he did homage in July 1466, but it was to Tutbury in Staffordshire that he departed in November. Apparently he had already decided – or perhaps Edward had decided for him – that his estates in the North Midlands, by themselves together worth £1,350, were to be his principal residence and sphere of influence. Since Queen Margaret had based herself in the area late in the 1450s, Tutbury Castle may not have been altogether neglected, but we know that Clarence undertook great building works there, scarcely a recognisable vestige of which survives or is recorded (the Rous Roll). Presumably it was adapted to accommodate the enormous household of 399 anticipated in 1468 in his household ordinance. That proper regulation of his household was desirable is suggested by the Lichfield prostitute frequented by fourteen members of his household in 1466 (Goodman). Great lords sought order and accountability with conspicuous consumption and splendid display. If Clarence really applied his ordinance, which planned for annual expenditure on his household of £4,500 a year, then the court that he held at Tutbury was as impressive as any of which we know. Still in his teens, he rated himself most highly. At the very least he needed to marry a great heiress to raise his revenues up to his expenses. At this point, he parted company with his brother Edward IV.
A Rebellious Brother
Signature of the duke of Clarence
redrawn by Piat Design. When Clarence returned to his allegiance, all was forgiven. His offences were wiped out and he was restored to his estates. His service at Barnet and then at Tewkesbury had been essential for Edward IV's victory. King Edward owed him. Under such circumstances, he could not be deprived of his wife's inheritance by the forfeiture of her father Warwick. He was allowed to take instant possession of everything except the northern estates in tail male, which were granted to Gloucester. Clarence also took custody of his sister-in-law Anne Neville, widow of Edward of Lancaster. Unfortunately the Warwick inheritance dispute sullied the relations of the three royal brothers.
The Warwick Inheritance
Warwick the Kingmaker and his wife. Based on Rous Roll.
© Geoffrey Wheeler Apart from the tail male estates, the Duchess Isabel and Anne Neville had been their parents' heiresses. The Countess Anne however survived until 1492: until then, neither daughter had any rights to her Beauchamp and Despenser estates or her jointure and were entitled to share only the rump of Warwick's Salisbury estates. However Warwick had died a traitor and his estates should have been forfeited. Actually Clarence received all to which his duchess was heiress from either parent: whilst her hereditary expectations were taken into account, his title was by royal grant. He did not intend Anne to inherit or remarry. She however married Gloucester, who laid claim to half the Beauchamp, Despenser and Salisbury lands, probably in addition to the Neville lands. Edward IV imposed as settlement the division of all four inheritances. All three brothers agreed not to attaint Warwick or his brother Montagu, but to dispossess the Countess Anne and Montagu's son of their entitlements. Crowland found the settlement profoundly shocking. If this allowed Clarence to secure his duchess' heritage ahead of time, he was nevertheless deprived of much that he had received in 1471 even though his brother's marriage to Anne Neville was never valid. Clarence resisted implementation of this dubious settlement but was obliged to comply: in punishment, he was deprived of his Tutbury estates, so he benefited little on balance from his duchess' inheritance. It is not surprising that he resented the way that had been treated.
Reconciliation with Edward
Only six years passed between Clarence's reconciliation with his brother in 1471 and his fall in 1477. He was appointed great chamberlain of England, councillor of the new Prince of Wales who had supplanted him as heir, attended the council, parliament, and state ceremonies, and took one of the largest retinues on Edward's invasion of France in 1475. Whilst he had lands all over the country, his principal estates were in the North Midlands until 1473, in the West Midlands, and in the West Country: he is recorded occasionally commuting from Warwick via Tewkesbury to Tiverton in Devon. He is revealed by John Rous as lord of Warwick in the Beauchamp tradition. He fathered four children, two of whom outlived him. Following his duchess' death in 1476, he appears to have believed her poisoned by her attendant Ankarette Twynho, who – in a shocking display of arbitrary power – he abducted from her home in Dorset to Warwick, where he was most powerful. She was put on trial, all stages being completed in one day, and executed. This is the most convincing proof of Clarence's overwhelming power in his home country.
Treason and Death
Several factors contributed to Clarence's rupture with his king in 1477. Following his duchess' death, he was in the market for a second consort. The opportunity arose with the death of Charles, Duke of Burgundy, whose duchess – his sister Margaret of York—favoured Clarence as consort to her step-daughter Mary, Clarence's step-niece, 'the greatest heiress of her time'. Clarence would have become an important sovereign prince. Such a match might have been thought in England's national interest, but Edward IV thwarted it. Perhaps he feared what use Clarence would make of such promotion; perhaps he did not want his brother advanced; most probably he wanted to avoid foreign entanglements and expense, a breach with France or the loss of his French pension – a priority that restricted his diplomatic independence and ultimately failed. Clarence reportedly attended council less frequently and contributed little when there. In private he complained against Edward and Edward railed against Clarence, but their comments were relayed from each to other. Reportedly Clarence feared that the king sought his ruin as a candle consumes in burning. Sibling rivalries overcame the proper relations of the monarch and his greatest subject.
Clarence's trusted retainer Thomas Burdet and two astrologers supposedly cast the king's horoscope, which, under contemporary law, was treasonable. All were convicted and executed, Burdet declaring his innocence. Clarence had his protestation read out at the royal council. Whilst surely right to stand up for his retainer, it was this act, which cast doubt on royal justice that prompted Edward to imprison him. Probably it was only later that the Twynho affair came into play. Clarence's arrest did not presume the death penalty, nor did it constitute treason, nor was the duke (so far as we know) implicated in any other treasons. Yet he was to be charged, tried and executed for treason in a parliament specially summoned for this purpose in January 1478. The act of attainder mentions a number of offences, none of them actually treasonable, such as the Twynho affair, railing against the king, and his claim to be the Lancastrian heir. No doubt Edward's decision was related to events in 1469-71, even though Clarence's offences then had been pardoned and wiped clean. Crowland did not consider the charges worthy of mention in his elaborate account. The surviving act bears the king's signature – may indeed have already borne it before presentation to parliament – and the king led the prosecution, to which Clarence was allowed no defence. Crowland, who appears to have been present, thought the trial and the verdict unjust. So too our other sources: 'were hee fautye were hee faultlesse'; whether 'the charge was fabricated or a real plot revealed'. Edward failed to convince contemporaries of his brother's guilt. Edward's destruction of his brother – fratricide – and a royal prince was deeply shocking.
Conclusion
All our principal sources look beyond the trial itself for the root causes – in the enmity of the queen, the plotting of Clarence's enemies, and in misunderstanding of an alleged prophecy that Edward would be succeeded by someone whose name began with G – not George, but Gloucester. If so, Edward was not the prime mover but the instrument of others. Yet the trial was carefully prepared and planning began early. The parliament of 1478 was packed – a higher proportion of the Commons were servants of the crown or of key courtiers. The session was interlaced with the marriage celebration of the king's second son, which enabled an appearance of royal unity to be presented. No divisions were permitted, as key kinsmen – his brothers-in-law Buckingham and Suffolk – were involved and rewarded. None however benefited more than Clarence's brother Richard Duke of Gloucester.
Just as Clarence's death was a precondition for Gloucester's accession in 1483, so too his conviction – and hence his trial – was inconceivable if opposed by the king's next brother. The narrative sources are ambiguous: both Mancini and More say that Richard concealed his real feelings, the first that he supported Clarence's destruction whilst pretending otherwise, the second that he opposed it openly, but not so strongly as one that was minded to his wealth. The first may emanate from Richard himself as king. The record evidence confirms More's account. Nobody benefited more from Clarence's death than his brother Richard. He received nine specific benefits at Clarence's expense. Whilst these are significant, it has been argued that grants after Clarence's death need not imply either co-operation in or foreknowledge of Clarence's destruction. Although the patents are dated to February, the warrants are dated somewhat earlier and several can be dated before the parliament even met. Gloucester's son Edward took Clarence's earldom of Salisbury as early as July 1477. Responsibility for Clarence's fate, justified or not, rests with King Edward, whether manipulated or not.
Clarence was executed in the Tower on February 1478. Absurd though it is, the story that he was drowned in malmsey wine is strictly contemporary and no alternative was offered. Any wider significance from such a curious end cannot be proven. The duke was buried beside his wife at Tewkesbury Abbey.
Further Reading
His Wife - Lady Anne Neville
by Marie Barnfield
Early Years
Anne Neville was Richard's wife and his queen. She was the younger of the two daughters of Richard Neville and Anne Beauchamp, earl and countess of Warwick, her elder sister being Isabel (b.1451), later duchess of Clarence. Anne was born at Warwick Castle overlooking the River Avon on 11 June 1456, and was christened in the collegiate church of St Mary in the town. Her parents would at this stage still have hoped for a son to continue the line, and would only gradually have come to accept that their two daughters were likely to be their only bodily heirs. By the time of Anne's birth her father Warwick was already an outstanding political figure, having achieved most of the credit for the Yorkist victory at the First Battle of St. Albans the previous year and been appointed Captain of Calais. When Anne was almost a year old her parents took up residence in Calais, and Anne probably – though not certainly - spent her next three years there with her parents and elder sister.
Warwick Castle After the Yorkist victory Warwick returned to the mainland. As King Edward's principal diplomat and soldier, he would often have been absent from home and Isabel and Anne probably remained with their mother. Where the girls lived is not clear, but Middleham Castle in North Yorkshire may have been their main residence. Anne first features in public at the enthronement celebrations of her uncle George Neville as archbishop of York in September 1465 when she was nine years old. Also present was the King's youngest brother Richard Duke of Gloucester (b.1452), who had recently joined the earl's household alongside Francis Lord Lovell (born 1456) and other noble youths. The previous year a rift had opened up between Anne's father and the King when Edward had responded to Warwick's negotiations for a French bride by announcing his secret marriage to an English gentlewoman, Elizabeth Woodville. The new queen's possession of a number of unmarried sisters deprived Warwick of most of the suitable matches for his own daughters and it seems plausible that the King had offered Gloucester and Lovell as bridegrooms for Isabel and Anne.
Warwick had, however, by this time conceived an ambition to marry both of his daughters to both of the King's brothers, which meant that Gloucester, as the younger prince, would marry Anne rather than Isabel. It is not true that - as has recently been claimed - Isabel and Anne could not legally marry two brothers because the first marriage would set up an impediment of 'affinity' to the second (Hicks, Anne Neville, Tempus, 2006, and 'The Incestuous King? Richard III', BBC History Magazine, June 2006). The so-called 'in-law' impediment of affinity merely referred to the relationship between an individual and those with whom they had personally become 'one flesh' through sexual intercourse; it prevented the individual from marrying, without dispensation, the relative of a previous spouse (or, in theory at least, a previous lover) but it did not create any impediment whatsoever to marriages between that same individual's blood relatives and 'affines'.
The only obstacle to Warwick's double marriage scheme was the King; he would not agree to give Warwick his male heir, George of Clarence, whose marriage potential was an important tool in his foreign diplomacy. The Neville girls were a good catch, however, as they were coheiresses to their father's earldom of Salisbury and to all their mother's vast estates, consisting of the earldom of Warwick and the Despencer lands in the south-west (the northern Neville lands themselves were the subject of an entail which meant that they would pass not to Warwick's daughters but to his nearest male heir).
Despite the king's opposition, Warwick won Clarence's own consent and sent agents over to Rome to secure the necessary dispensations as his daughters were more closely related to the King's brothers than was allowed by canon law. At least, we know that a dispensation was obtained for Isabel's marriage to Clarence because we have documentary evidence that it existed; we can only presume that a dispensation would also have been obtained for Richard's marriage to Anne, although for this we have only circumstantial, rather than direct, evidence; neither dispensation has yet been located in the Vatican Archives. It was only towards the end of 1468, when relations between the king and the earl of Warwick had broken down completely, that Richard was also forced to make a choice of allegiance: he returned to the royal household. With his departure Anne's marriage prospects would have looked considerably bleaker – Lord Lovell had already been married off to her cousin Anne FitzHugh.
The Lancastrian Princess of Wales
Clarence nonetheless persisted in his intrigue with Warwick and, on 12 July 1469, secretly wed Isabel Neville at Calais. This marriage was the foundation stone of their rebellion, which destroyed the king's favourites, consigned King Edward to custody - possibly with a view to replacing him with Clarence - and put the Nevilles back in control.
© Geoffrey Wheeler The coup failed to endure, however. After a brief reconciliation and a further unsuccessful rebellion, Anne found herself fleeing with her parents, sister and brother-in-law Clarence into exile in France; Isabel's first baby was born dead aboard ship.
This was the context for Anne's first marriage, to Edward of Lancaster, the son and heir of the dethroned Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou. With the support and persuasion of King Louis XI of France, Queen Margaret now made alliance with Warwick in order to confront King Edward on equal military terms. The marriage could not take place until a dispensation had been obtained since Anne and Prince Edward were third cousins, but on 25 July 1470 the two young strangers were solemnly betrothed in Angers cathedral. Weeks later Warwick and Clarence invaded England leaving Anne in France with her mother. Edward IV fled abroad and Henry VI resumed his throne. Having received the dispensation, Anne and Edward were married at Amboise on 13 December; he was seventeen, she fourteen.
After Christmas the young Prince and Princess of Wales travelled with their mothers to the coast at Dieppe to take ship for England. The weather was so stormy, however, that it was March before they finally set sail for Weymouth, Anne in one ship with Queen Margaret and the Prince, and her mother in another. The weather conditions were still bad, and the ship carrying Anne's mother was blown off course many miles to the east. They made land on 14 April 1471, just in time to witness the downfall of the new régime. King Edward had returned and taken London, Clarence had reverted to his Yorkist allegiance, and that very day Warwick had perished in defeat at Barnet. Anne's mother took sanctuary at Beaulieu Abbey in the New Forest. Anne herself shared in the forced march to Tewkesbury, where King Edward destroyed the Lancastrian army and Prince Edward was amongst the slain. Anne was placed in the custody of her sister the Duchess Isabel and her brother-in-law Clarence.
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The Marriage Dispute
Anne's father and husband had both died traitors; her mother, in Beaulieu Sanctuary, was also regarded with hostility by King Edward and was soon to find herself surrounded by an armed guard (BL MS Cotton Julius BXII, f. 317). The estates of both her parents were forfeit, and all that was to have been divided between Anne and her sister had been taken by Isabel's husband Clarence. The Neville lands in the North, which would have gone to her little cousin George Neville had his father Montagu not also died a traitor at Barnet, had been granted to the king's younger brother Gloucester. Anne's sister and brother-in-law seemingly had no intention of allowing Anne to marry or receive her share of the Warwick and Salisbury inheritance, and yet before nine months had passed Richard Duke of Gloucester had sought her hand. This was a prudent match for both parties, and it was also the marriage that Anne's father had originally favoured for her, but her guardian Clarence, fully realising that with his brother behind her Anne would be able to fight for her inheritance, refused the offer and sought to conceal her, supposedly as a kitchen maid, but Richard found her and took her to the neutral refuge of St Martin's Sanctuary in London.
The signatures of Anne Warwick and Richard Gloucester Anne consented to marry Richard and they sent to Rome for a final dispensation to cover the affinity that had arisen between them as the result of Anne's marriage to Edward of Lancaster, who had been Richard's second cousin once removed. In February 1472, under pressure from the King, Clarence also agreed to the marriage but only on the understanding that they would 'part no livelihood'. By 18 March, however, he had agreed to surrender certain estates to Richard (CPR 1467-77, p. 330). The dispensation, issued in Rome on 22 April, is likely to have reached England in June. Apparently in the teeth of renewed opposition from Clarence, the couple were married sometime between the arrival of the dispensation and January 1473, when Anne was sixteen and Richard nineteen or twenty; and in the early summer of 1473 Gloucester succeeded in gaining the King's permission for Anne's mother to be brought from Beaulieu Sanctuary to join their own household at Middleham.
The Countess was, however, not to be restored to her estates. Not only was it not in the financial interests of her daughters and sons-in-law, but King Edward would not have risked the possibility that she might, by remarriage, have put her vast wealth at the disposal of another would-be overmighty subject. What was sought was a settlement of the Countess's estates upon her two daughters and their husbands, but Clarence continued to obstruct. By the autumn of 1473 he was in arms against Gloucester, and it was soon reported at the French court (apparently by an English visitor sympathetic to Clarence) that Richard, who 'by force had taken to wife the daughter of the late Earl of Warwick, who had been married to the Prince of Wales, was constantly preparing for war with the Duke of Clarence. The latter, because his brother, King Edward, had promised him Warwick's country, did not want the former to have it by reason of his marriage with the earl's second daughter' (Calendar of Milanese State Papers, p. 177).
Marriage effected by force (raptus) and fear was void, and it would thus appear that Clarence was now objecting that Richard had no claim on any part of the Warwick inheritance as his marriage to Anne was canonically null. Forced marriage was particularly frowned on by the landed classes where the force emanated from the groom rather than from the girl's own parents or guardians. Society was particularly prone to view the enticement of an heiress into marriage against the wishes of her family or guardians as raptus for the purposes of theft: culturally the distinction between abduction and elopement was barely meaningful. In removing Anne from Clarence's guardianship to St Martin's Sanctuary, it could be argued that Richard had abducted her. This would almost certainly have been the grounds of Clarence's accusation of force, but although canonists shared societal attitudes, in fact only the girl's own consent, not that of her family, was necessary for the contracting of a valid marriage, and subsequent consensual sexual relations and cohabitation would legitimise even a marriage initially contracted by force.
© Geoffrey Wheeler Clarence's complaint of raptus was vexatious, a mere pretext to delay settlement. If he had any stronger canonical objections to the marriage we have no record of them.
Clarence was finally brought to heel by the King simply confiscating his estates, and in May 1474 the dispute was settled by an Act of Parliament that shocked the Crowland Chronicler as it decreed that the Countess's lands were to be immediately enjoyed by her two daughters and their husbands 'as though she were naturally dead'; in practice, Clarence still retained most of the Countess's inheritance, Richard and Anne's share being made up from other family sources. The aspersions cast by Clarence on the validity of Richard and Anne's marriage were addressed by a clause protecting their rights in the event of their being divorced (i.e. of their marriage being declared null and void by the Church) and then legally remarried to each other, and also protected Richard's rights whilst he should attempt to effect such a valid second marriage with Anne (C. Given-Wilson [ed.], Parliament Rolls of Medieval England, Edward IV - October 1472 - 2nd roll). In the unlikely case that any church court was ever actually asked to pronounce on the legality of the marriage it must have found in Richard and Anne's favour as they continued as man and wife until her death.
Richard, Duke of Gloucester by Graham Turner.
Reproduced by kind permissionof the artist. www.studio88.co.uk Anne's career as duchess is visible in glimpses. Examples from the years 1475 to 1477 will suffice to give a flavour. In 1475, almost certainly during Richard's absence on the French campaign, we find her corresponding with the Mayor and aldermen of York, one letter being sufficiently important for her to send it by the hands of Lord Greystoke and other members of her husband's council (York City Chamberlains' Account Rolls, Surtees Soc. Vol. 192, 1980, p. 152). Edward, their only child (or at least the only child to survive infancy and enter the public record), was born at Middleham during the spring or summer of 1476; during the same year Anne also became a sister of Durham Priory where several of her Neville forebears were buried, and in December she seems to have been in London with Richard when he charged to his East Anglian estates payments 'for certain furs delivered by command of the said duke to his most dearly beloved consort', and for 'silk cloth and other things delivered to the aforesaid consort'. In 1477 Richard and Anne joined the Corpus Christi Guild of York, and Anne used her influence with Durham Priory to seek preferment for one of her clerks. She was probably also influential in the couple's endowment of Queens' College, Cambridge, that same year.
The Queen
After Edward IV's death, Richard rode south to take up his position as Protector to the young Edward V. Anne followed a month later, arriving in London on Thursday 5 June, shortly before the beginning of the political crisis that ended with Richard's acceptance of the throne; it was during this period that Clarence's and Isabel's orphaned son, Edward Earl of Warwick, who had been the ward of the Marquess Dorset, was delivered into Anne's care (Mancini).
Richard and Anne shared a joint coronation. For the procession from the Tower to Westminster on the eve of the ceremony, she wore a kirtle and mantle made from 27 yards of white cloth-of-gold furred with ermine and miniver, and trimmed with lace and tassels of white silk and gold (Laynesmith, p. 92). The coronation day began at 7 am with a procession on foot from Westminster Hall to the Abbey, where the couple were crowned and anointed, and mass was sung. The day ended with a magnificent banquet at which Richard was served on gold and Anne on gilt.
Anne reigned for such a short time that we have no record of her household as queen, which was probably still in the process of being established at her death. The evidence we have suggests that many of her ladies in waiting were drawn from members of the northern gentry who would have served her as Duchess of Gloucester. She often travelled with Richard. During his coronation progress she caught up with him at Warwick, bringing with her a visiting Spanish ambassador whom she had received at Windsor. After a week's sojourn at her birthplace, Anne and Richard travelled to York, where their seven-year-old son Edward was invested as Prince of Wales. When Richard turned south again, Anne and young Edward went with him to Pontefract, where they stayed a further two weeks.
Anne was at Westminster with Richard for the Christmas festivities. In March, she and Richard rode northwards for a two-day visit to Queens' College, Cambridge, where 'the most serene Queen Anne … augmented and endowed the college with great rents' (Laynesmith, p. 256). In thanks, the university authorities obtained a decree that a mass be celebrated annually on 2 May 'for the happy state of the same most renowned prince [King Richard] and his dearest consort Anne' (Hammond, p. 20). The couple then settled their court at Nottingham, where they received the disastrous and unexpected news of their son's death at Middleham. 'You might have seen the father and mother … almost out of their minds for a long time when faced with the sudden grief' (Crowland, p. 171).
Prince Edward's death was a dynastic blow as well as a personal tragedy for Richard and Anne, leaving Richard without an obvious heir to stabilize his rule and continue his dynasty. With Henry Tudor posing as a prospective consort for Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth, the need for Anne to produce another child was now urgent. She was still only twenty-seven and apparently healthy, so she is likely to have travelled with Richard thereafter whenever possible. It is often supposed at any rate that, when Richard was based at Scarborough that summer to direct naval operations against the Scots, Anne was also there, residing in the square tower named in 1538 by the traveller John Leland as 'The Queens Towre or Lodging' (The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary, ed. Thomas Hearne, Vol. 1, 1745, p. 62).
Anne was with her husband again that Christmas, her attendants now including King Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth and perhaps her younger sisters, who had been allowed out of sanctuary by their mother the previous March. The Crowland Chronicler is at pains to tell us that during this Christmas feast 'far too much attention was given to dancing and gaiety' and to frequent changes of matching clothes by Queen Anne and the Lady Elizabeth. As the court was celebrating Twelfth Night, news arrived that Henry Tudor had determined to attempt an invasion that coming summer.
Immediately, Richard found himself deluged by hostile rumours 'by evil disposed persons contrived and sown' (Lander, p. 255). After the favour shown to the Lady Elizabeth at Christmas, Crowland continues, a tale spread that the king was determined to marry her, either after Anne's death 'or by means of a divorce for which he believed he had sufficient grounds.' But the chronicler offers no suggestion as to what these grounds may have been, and this was probably no more than a popular revival of Clarence's complaint. Actually, Anne took sick just 'a few days later' with a mortal illness, so it would be surprising if Richard had felt the need to consider divorce, and rather predictably those rumours were now superseded by whispers of poison. The only clues we have as to the actual nature of Anne's illness are its duration – two months – and the fact that her doctors advised Richard to avoid her bed.
As for the marriage to his niece, we now know that a marriage deal involving Elizabeth was being considered for Richard's widowhood, but it was a double marriage between Richard and a Portuguese princess, and Elizabeth and a Portuguese prince.
Anne died on 16 March 1485, on the same day that England experienced a great eclipse of the sun. She was just three months short of her twenty-ninth birthday. She was buried in Westminster Abbey 'with honours no less than befitted the burial of a queen' (Crowland, p. 175.). She had been in life, according to the Beauchamp family hagiographer John Rows, 'seemly, amiable and beauteous, and in conditions full commendable and right virtuous and, according to the interpretation of her name, Anne, full gracious.'
The final postscript to Anne's story occurred on 30 March, when Richard called the Mayor and citizens of London and the available lords to the great hall of the Hospital of St. John to address the rumour that he had had Anne poisoned in order to marry Elizabeth. Addressing them 'in a loud and distinct voice', he 'showed his grief and displeasure aforesaid and said it never came into his thought or mind to marry in such manner wise, nor willing nor glad of the death of his queen but as sorry and in heart as heavy as man might be …' (Lander, pp. 255-6).
Main Sources/ Further Reading
Richard III by David Baldwin, Stroud, 2012
'Diriment Impediments, Dispensations and Divorce: Richard III and Matrimony' by Marie Barnfield, The Ricardian, Vol. XVII, 2007, pp. 84-98
Richard III: The Maligned King by Annette Carson, Stroud, 2008
'English royal marriages and the Papal Penitentiary in the fifteenth century' by P.D.Clarke, English Historical Review, 120, 2005
The Rows Roll edited by W.H. Courthope, London, 1859
The Itinerary of Richard III 1483-1485 by Rhoda Edwards, Gloucester, 1983
Parliament rolls of Medieval England, edited by Christopher Given-Wilson
Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales by P. W. Hammond, Kent, 1973
The Coronation of Richard III: The Extant Documents edited by P. W. Hammond & A. F. Sutton, Gloucester, 1983
Marriage Litigation in Medieval England by R. H. Helmholz, Cambridge, 1974, (paperback edition 2007)
by Michael Hicks:
False, Fleeting, Perjur'd Clarence, Gloucester, 1980
Richard III, Stroud, 2000 (revised edition)
Warwick the Kingmaker, Oxford, 1998 (2002 paperback edition)
'One prince or two?', The Ricardian, Vol. IX, 1993, pp. 469-72
The Last Medieval Queens by J. L. Laynesmith, Oxford, 2004
The Wars of the Roses by J. R. Lander, London, 1974 (White Lion edition)
'Some expenses of Richard Duke of Gloucester, 1475-7' by Rosemary Horrox & Anne Sutton, The Ricardian, Vol. VI, 1983, pp. 266-9
The Crowland Chronicle Continuations 1459-1486 edited by N. Pronay & J. Cox, London, 1986
'The 'ravishing' of Isabel Boteler: abduction and the pursuit of wealth in Lancastrian England' by Shelley A. Sinclair, The Ricardian, Vol XI, no 146, September 1999
by Barrie Williams:
'The Portuguese connection and the significance of the holy princess', The Ricardian, Vol. VI, pp. 138-5
'The Portuguese marriage negotiations: a reply', The Ricardian, Vol. VI, pp. 235-6
His Son - Edward, Prince of Wales
by Peter Hammond
where Prince Edward was born.
© Geoffrey Wheeler It seems likely that he was in fact born c.1474-1476 since he is recorded as aged seven and a little more in 1483. Little is known of his life before his father's accession to the throne in the summer of 1483. He did not attend his father's coronation on 6 July but was made nominal Lord Lieutenant of Ireland on 19 July and created Prince of Wales on 24 August in a splendid ceremony in York. He was formally declared heir apparent to the throne in February 1484. Nothing more is known of his life and by about the beginning of April 1484 he was dead. We do not know where he was buried. We do know that it was not in Sheriff Hutton as has often been said.
Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales by P W Hammond, 2nd edtion 1973
Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales by A J Pollard, New DNB
Richard and Anne's Dispensation, Marie Barnfield, Ricardian Bulletin, Spring 2006, pp.30-32
His Illegitimate Children
by Peter Hammond
The image of Richard III presented by some historians is that of moral earnestness and a puritanical outlook,[1] and that of his brother Edward of moral laxity. It is true to say though that while Richard publicly acknowledged two bastards in his lifetime (John of Gloucester and Katherine Plantagenet), his brother acknowledged none. The difference may be that Richard's illegitimate children were born before his marriage, while some of Edward's were born afterwards; the children of a bachelor were not considered as reprehensible as were the bastards of a married man. There is some evidence that Richard had a third illegitimate child, Richard of Eastwell, not publicly acknowledged in his lifetime. Very little is known about any of these children, particularly the third, and this article attempts to summarise this scanty information.
First a few general remarks. It is necessary to say that, historical novelists notwithstanding, nothing is known for certain of the date of birth of any of the children, nor about their mothers. Probably they all had different mothers, but it is possible that they may have had the same mother, or at least that John of Gloucester and Katherine Plantagenet, the two openly acknowledged ones, did, but this is pure surmise. Nothing at all is known about the early lives of John and Katherine, although it is possible that they were two of 'the children' referred to in the Regulations for the King's Household in the North in July 1484.[3]
John of Gloucester
The Medieval City of Calais The first reference to John is in September 1483, when, according to Buck, '[the king] made Richard of Gloucester, his base son [Captain of] Calais'. He was possibly in fact knighted on this occasion.[4] The reference to Richard must be a mistake for John of Gloucester because of a later grant to 'our dear bastard son, John of Gloucester' of the offices of Captain of Calais, and of the fortresses of Rysbank, Guisnes, Hammes, and Lieutenant of the Marches of Picardy for his life.[5] This patent is dated 11 March 1485, and gives John all necessary powers, with the exception of that of appointing the officers. This was reserved until John became twenty-one, from which it may be gathered that he had not yet reached that age, although how much younger he was we do not know. It may be surmised that he was not too near it or the reservation would not have been worth making. The patent describes John as having 'liveliness of mind, activity of body, and inclination to all good customs (which) promise us, by the grace of God, great hope of his good service for the future'. These remarks may be pure convention (or reflect parental pride) rather than objective fact, for in the charter creating Edward of Middleham Prince of Wales very similar expressions are used.[6] The initial notice of the appointment to the Captaincy of Calais provides a possible clue to the birthplace of John, since he is there referred to as John of Pomfret.[7]
It seems probable that John was acting as Captain of Calais before the date of his patent of appointment, since in the Canterbury City Archives there occur references to payments in November 1484 for an allowance of wine and leavened bread 'for the Lord Bastard riding to Calais', and for a pike and wine for 'Master Brakynbury Constable of the Tower of London' returned from Calais at that time 'from the Lord Bastard'.[8] The linking of 'Lord Bastard' with Calais leaves little doubt that John of Gloucester is meant, but has interesting implications. A warrant to deliver clothing to 'the Lord Bastard' dated 9 March 1485, two days before the grant of the Captaincy of Calais, has been put forward as referring to Edward V, who at that date would be officially referred to as such.[9] In view of the Canterbury payment though it seems more likely to be a reference to John of Gloucester, and to cast further doubt on part of the evidence used to prove the survival into 1485 of the eldest son of Edward IV.
where John was probably held prisoner.
© Geoffrey Wheeler The next reference shows that John survived the death of his father, and was provided for to some extent by Henry VII. It is a grant to 'John de Gloucester, bastard, of an annual rent of 20 li. during the King's pleasure, issuing out of the revenues of the lordship or manor of Kyngestonlacy, parcel of the duchy of Lancaster, in co. Dorset'.[10] This grant is not ungenerous, and perhaps shows that at that time Henry felt he had nothing to fear from an undoubted bastard of his late rival. This state of affairs does not seem to have lasted very long, however, since the last reference apparently to John, again from Buck, states that 'about the time these unhappie gentlemen suffered (i.e. at the time of the deaths of Perkin Warbeck and the Earl of Warwick) there was abase sone of King Richard III made away, and secretly, having been kept long before in prison' .The reason for the execution was apparently the wish of some unspecified Irishmen to make him their ruler. Although Buck does not name the person involved, there is no reason to doubt that John is meant, as he is the only openly acknowledged male bastard of Richard known. John also appears to be referred to in the Confession of Perkin Warbeck as 'King Richard's bastard son', then (i.e. 1491) in the hands of Henry VII.[11]
It has been suggested[12] that we have a later reference than this to John of Gloucester in a Patent Roll entry of 1505. The reference is to one 'John Gloucestre', as merchant of the Staple of Calais, to whom Henry VII was granting a pardon. It is unlikely that this refers to Richard's son, for the name was not uncommon. For example, a man of this name, a citizen and grocer, was appointed Bailiff of Southwark by the City of London in 1460, and he or someone else of this name served on a number of royal commissions, one as late as 1477. A person of this name is described as dead in May 1484.[13] It therefore seems more likely that a son or relative of the 1460 Bailiff of Southwark is the man referred to in 1505, and not Richard's son.
Katherine Plantagenet
Katherine, the only daughter, albeit illegitimate, of Richard III, first comes to notice in 1484, when William Herbert, Earl of Huntingdon (formerly Earl of Pembroke) covenanted 'to take to wife Dame Katherine Plantagenet, daughter to the King, before Michaelmas of that year'.[14] Nothing is known of Dame Katherine before this, no mention is made anywhere of her mother, nor when she was born. That she married in 1484 is no guide to her age: child marriages were not uncommon in the fifteenth century, (Anne Mowbray was five when she was married to Richard, Duke of York), but she could hardly have been older than about eighteen since Richard himself was only born in 1452, and it is perhaps unlikely that she would have been born after Richard's marriage in about 1474. She was thus probably between ten and eighteen years of age.
The marriage covenant mentioned was dated 29 February. In it, in addition to agreeing to marry Katherine before 29 September 1484 (Michaelmas), the Earl agreed to make her a jointure in lands of £200 per annum. The King, who agreed to bear the whole cost of the marriage, undertook to settle lands and lordships to a value of 1000 marks per annum on them and the heirs male of their two bodies. The settlement of the King was subject to certain interesting qualifications. The couple were to have manors, lordships, lands and tenements in the possession of the King on the day of the marriage, to the value of 600 marks, and the same to the value of 400 marks in reversion after the death of Lord Stanley. Meanwhile, during the life of Lord Stanley, they were to have an annuity of 400 marks payable from the revenues of the lordships of Newport, Brecknock and Hay. The manors etc. in the possession of Lord Stanley were obviously those of his wife, granted to him for his life because of her support of Buckingham's uprising. The revenues of the annuity had lately belonged to the duke of Buckingham himself. Three days after the marriage agreement had been entered into, on 3 March, the King fulfilled the second part of his engagement, granting the annuity he had promised. They were married between then and May 1484, since a grant of the proceeds of various manors in Devon, Cornwall and Somerset was then made to 'William Erle of Huntingdon and Kateryn his wif'.[15] On 8 March 1485 a further grant was made to the Earl and Katherine his wife of an annuity of £152 10.10 from the issues of the King's possessions in the counties of Carmarthen and Cardigan, and from those of the King's lordship of Haverfordwest.[16]
Nothing further is known about Katherine. She may have had children, but if so they did not survive, since the Earl's heir was Elizabeth, his daughter by his first wife, Mary Woodville. Nor is it known when she died, but it seems very likely that she did not survive the Earl (although he certainly did not marry again), and she may have been dead by 25 November 1487, the date of the coronation of Elizabeth of York. Among the lists of nobility present at that ceremony is a list of earls (including the Earl of Huntingdon) all described as 'widowers'.[17] If this is correct (and one of the other earls in the list was probably not a widower) then Katherine was probably dead by this date, under the age of twenty. Another clue to the date of her death may be given by the fact that on 17 May 1488 Henry VII confirmed Herbert's charter as earl of Huntingdon.[18] This may have reflected a desire to confirm his position after the death of his wife, or of course merely a desire to consolidate his position in the Tudor world.
Richard Plantagenet
Page from Desiderata Curiosa,
a source for the story of Richard of Eastwell Richard Plantagenet—or Richard of Eastwell—is a mysterious figure who may, or more probably may not, have been a son of Richard III. The facts in this case are even more scanty than for John and Katherine and consist of an entry in the parish register of Eastwell, a hamlet three miles north of Ashford in Kent. The entry reads 'Rychard Plantagenet was buryed the xxij daye of Desember, Anno ut supra', and appears under the year 1550. This entry is the foundation of all the stories about Richard Plantagenet. It appears to be genuine. The register is in fact a copy made in 1598 by the then vicar, Josias Nicholls, in accordance with an order made in that year that all existing paper registers be copied into vellum books. The original paper register no longer exists. However, comparing the existing vellum copy with the bishop's transcripts of the period 1562 (when they begin) to 1598 shows good agreement. The entry for 1550 in the register as we have it is therefore almost certainly an accurate copy of that made at the time. For the Richard Plantagenet entry to be disregarded the incumbent in 1550 (Richard Styles), or Josias Nicholls must have deliberately forged it. We have no reason to suppose that either was capable of such an apparently pointless act. It has been suggested[19] that the entry is a pedantic translation of the common name 'Broom', but the extant register is not in Latin, nor are the existing bishop's transcripts, and we have no reason to suppose the original 1550 register was either. Of course no one knows if the deceased believed himself to be a Plantagenet, or whether Sir Thomas Moyle, the owner of Eastwell, so believed, or both. Sir Thomas must almost certainly have known of the entry in the register when it was made.
It has been said that the register entry has a mark against it which only appears against the names of those of noble blood. This story was started in 1767 by Philip Parsons, the then Vicar of Eastwell.[20] It is true that there is a mark of sorts against the name Richard Plantagenet, and that there are other (different) marks against other names (not all noble), but the explanation of these seems to be that they were made by a member of the Finch family, later owners of Eastwell, to mark off entries interesting to himself, which he then copied out.[21]
One other piece of evidence is sometimes cited for the existence of Richard Plantagenet, namely his 'tomb'. This is still in Eastwell Church, which is now a ruin, being damaged in the war. All of the other tombs were removed to the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1968 for protection. In form it is an altar tomb, with indents for brasses, and was formerly on the north side of the chancel. It is almost certainly the tomb of Sir Walter Moyle, who died in 1480; the form of the brass indents shows that it originally housed pt least two bodies, one male and one female, the latter apparently wearing a head-dress of circa 1480-1490. There are also indents for two groups, one for two sons and one for three daughters, below the two main figures.[22] The tomb could certainly not have belonged to Richard Plantagenet.
The other details of the story as often told apparently stem from a letter by a Dr Brett published in 1735.[23] This states, with much circumstantial detail, that Richard was acknowledged by his father Richard III on the eve of Bosworth, but only privately, and that he lived in obscurity after the battle as a stonemason at Eastwell. Sir Thomas Moyle, the owner of Eastwell Place, is said to have discovered his identity and given him a cottage to live in, where he remained until his death at about the age of eighty-one. It seems very likely that Dr Brett believed the story he related in his letter to be true, and that this story reflects a genuine tradition in the Finch family, owners of Eastwell Place in 1733. However there is apparently no reference in print to Richard Plantagenet between the date of the burial entry (1550) and 1773, which may be regarded as suspicious, although Dr Samuel Pegge confirmed that the tradition existed in the Eastwell area in the middle of the eighteenth century while he was vicar of neighbouring Godmersham.[24] It is true to say though, that if there is no evidence that the full legend is true, there is also none that it is untrue.[25]
Notes and References
This is an amended form of the article in The Ricardian, Vol. V, No.66, (September 1979), pp. 92-6 which takes account of the short note in Vol. V, No.72, (March 1981), p. 319. The amended article was then published in Richard III: Crown and People, edited by James Petre.
See for example Kendall, pp. 320, 322, 323.
There is a very slight possibility that we have a clue to the name of Richard's mistress (or one of them), in a grant by Richard in 1477 to Katherine Haute of 100 shillings per annum for life (DL29/637/10360A). Katherine was the wife of James Haute (son of William Haute and Joan Woodville, and so cousin to Elizabeth Woodville). Little is known about her; there is no apparent reason for Richard to give her an annuity, and her Christian name is of course that of Richard's illegitimate daughter, an uncommon one in the Yorkist Neville families. All of this may of course be far from the truth, although it is suggestive. Thanks are due to Dr Rosemary Horrox for this reference, and for her comments.
There is a very slight possibility that we have a clue to the name of Richard's mistress (or one of BL Hari MS 433, Vol. 3, p. 114.
Sir George Buck, The History of King Richard the Third, (1619), edited A.N. Kincaid, (Gloucester 1979), pp. 51, 255. Fabyan is the source of the (erroneous) information that Richard made this son Captain of Calais at this time. The reference to a bastard of Richard being knighted in 1483 appears in the 1646 edition of Buck's work (p. 28), presumably added by the editor, Buck's nephew, George Buck, contrary to his normal practice of not adding any factual material, (Kincaid, Buck, p. lxvii). We have no clue as to the source of his information.
Thomas Rymer, Foedera, (London 1704-13), Vol. 12, pp. 265-6.
BL Hart MS 433, Vol. 1, pp. 81-2.
BL Hart MS 433, Vol. 1, p. 269.
Chamberlains' Accounts of the City of Canterbury, Michaelmas 1484 to Michaelmas 1485, f. 26. I am indebted to Dr Anne Sutton for a transcript of the Latin entry from the Canterbury Archives.
BL Hart MS 433, Vol. 2, p. 211. See also Caroline Halsted, Richard Ill as Duke of Gloucester and King of England, (London 1844), Vol. 2, p. 487 and C.R. Markham, Richard Ill, (London 1906), p. 237.
W. Campbell (ed.), Materials for the History of the Reign of Henry VII, Rolls Series, Vol. 1, i (London 1873), p. 328.
George Buck, op. cit., pp. 170, 298.
By A.N. Kincaid, George Buck, op. cit., p. 298. See CPR 1494-1509, p. 448.
D.J. Johnson, Southwark and the City of London, (London 1969), pp. 45, 104 note 3; CPR 1476-85, p. 24; CPR 1476-1485, no.1246, p. 366.
D.H. Thomas, The Herberts of Raglan, unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Wales, (1967), pp. 283,284 and also pp. 215-16 quoting the Herbertorum Prosapia, a seventeenth-century history of the Herbert family. A version of the Covenant was printed by Halsted, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 569.
CPR 1476-85, p. 431; BL Harl MS 433, Vol. 2, p. 137. The marriage is usually stated to have taken place between March and September 1484, see CP, Vol. 10, p. 402.
CPR 1476-85, p. 538.
John Leland, De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea, Vol. 4, (London 1770), pp. 216-23. I am indebted to Rhoda Edwards for drawing my attention to this fact.
CPR 1485-94, p. 237. For a discussion of the position of William Herbert after 1485, see Helen Maurer, 'The Later Careers of William Herbert, Earl of Huntingdon, and his Brother, Sir Walter Herbert', Richard Ill: Crown and People, edited by James Petre, 1985, pp.95-7. Richard's children
R.H.D'Elboux, 'Some Kentish Indents', Archaeologia Cantiana, Vol. 59, (1946), pp. 98-9.
Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 37, (1767), p. 408.
R.H. Husk, Notes and Queries, 6th Series, Vol. 9, (1884), p. 12
D'Elboux, op. cit., pp. 96-7.
Printed by Francis Peck in his Desiderata Curiosa, Vol. 2, (London 1735), pp. 24-51. The letter, dated 1733, relates a conversation between Dr Brett and the 5th Earl of Winchelsea.
Gentleman's Magazine, Vol. 37, (1767), p. 408. Pegge wrote under the name 'T. Row', a known pseudonym of his.
For later developments in the history of Richard Plantagenet see David Baldwin, The Lost Prince: The survival of Richard of York, 2007
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Who won the 2013 World Super Bike Championship? | Superbike World Championship 2013 -
Malaysian (-0.20)
Superbike World Championship 2013
Two time Superbike World Champion, the Italian Max Biaggi has retired from the sport leaving no defending champion in this years event.
The 2013 Superbike World Championship will be the 26th edition of the hugely popular motor cycling competition, with 15 rounds and, therefore, 30 points-scoring races scheduled to occur between 24 February and 17 November.
Two-time Superbike World Championship winner Max Biaggi has retired after moving than 20 years as a professional motor cyclist so the 2013 competition will not feature the 2012 champion. Indeed, Carlos Checa is the only former Superbike World Championship winner among this year’s participants.
The Superbike World Championship differs from MotoGP in a number of ways, the most significant of which is that the motor cycles that Superbike World Championship competitors ride are tuned versions of machines that are available for purchase by members of the public. MotoGP participants ride purpose-built motor cycles that are not for sale. So think about it like this: MotoGP is similar to Formula One and the Superbike World Championship is similar to F V8 Supercars .
Carl Fogarty is the most successful rider in Superbike World Championship history, with the British motor cyclist winning the title four times – 1994, 1995, 1998 and 1999. Checa won the 2011 Superbike World Championship on a score of 505 points, 110 more than Marco Melandri. Checa won 15 of the 26 races two years ago, only missing the podium five times.
Most Competitive Market In Years
Checa is not the 2013 Superbike World Championship favourite going into the first race that will take place in Australia at Philip Island off the coast of Melbourne. Bookmakers are offering odds of around 15-2 that the Spaniard rider becomes the ninth man to win multiple Superbike World Championships.
In the absence of Biaggi, bookmakers are expecting a battle featuring not only the two motor cyclists who went so close to beating the Italian last season – Melandri and Tom Sykes – but also Checa, Eugene Laverty, Jonathan Rea, Sylvain Guintoli and Leon Camier. They think that the 2013 Superbike World Championship could be the most competitive ever.
Melandri is the 2013 Superbike World Championship market leader at odds of around 9-4, with Sykes (around 11-4), Checa (around 15-2), Laverty (around 8-1), Rea (around 9-1), Guintoli (around 14-1) and Camier (around 16-1) rounding out what bookmakers think are the most magnificent seven.
Melandri And Sykes Too Short In Betting
One can understand how bookmakers have decided that Melandri is the 2013 Superbike World Championship favourite. The Italian scored more points per completed race than any participant in last year’s competition. Melandri racked up 328.5 points in 20 completed races for an average of 16.43, which was superior to that of Biaggi (14.92), Sykes (14.90), Checa (13.69) and everyone else who lined up on the grid.
However, Melandri is something of a nearly man. The Italian has been racing in major competitions since 1997 but he has only one title to his credit – what is now known as Moto2 in 2002 – so he does not make all that much appeal at odds of around 9-4. That Melandri managed to snatch defeat from the jaws of victory in the 2012 Superbike World Championship has to be a concern to anyone considering backing him in 2013.
Sykes won only four of the 27 races contested during the 2012 Superbike World Championship – two fewer than Melandri, one fewer than Biaggi and the same number as Checa. Last year was the one in which the Englishman made a big name for himself after finishing no higher than ninth in the previous four seasons. Sykes could go one better in 2013 than he did in 2012 but, at the prices, he is not the pick of the bunch.
Former Champion The Early Value
Checa is the value 2013 Superbike World Championship betting option before the competition gets under way in Australia. The Spaniard has been there, seen it and done it, which is going to count for a lot in this year’s field. Pre-season testing times suggest that Checa and his new Ducati are flying and, significantly given that the series starts at Philip Island, the Spaniard loves the Australian circuit.
Over the last three years, Checa has won four of the five Philip Island races that he has completed so, if his new machine does not let him down, the Spaniard is the most likely early 2013 Superbike World Championship leader.
Odds of around 15-2 about Checa winning his second Superbike World Championship are sufficient big to warrant a bet with a view to laying off down the track, if one will pardon the pun. The Spaniard will shorten dramatically if he does what he usually does in Australia and some of his rivals flop.
Here is something to get you in the mood for this years event:
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Eric Roberts
Eric Roberts is a sports betting journalist and bookmaker who brings his years of expert experience to Sports Betting Online. Eric started out as a trader at a big international sportsbook and he spent more than 10 years as the betting equivalent of a gamekeeper. Now Eric is a poacher, using the skills that he developed on the other side of the great betting divide to beat the sportsbooks at their own game. Eric specialises in football (soccer) in England, Germany, Italy and Spain, plus he follows motor racing (Formula One) closely. Eric combines his skill at picking great winners and writing great content here at Sports Betting Online.
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Name the country which ruled Burundi after Germany? | WSBK: Round #3 - Assen, Netherlands Preview
By The Wire posted Apr 22nd, 2013 at 8:58pm
WSBK Press Release:
Eni FIM Superbike World Championship prepares for the usual late April round at Assen’s TT Circuit. The capital of the province of Drenthe has always stood for motorcycle racing, as the first event took place in 1925 (on public roads) and the permanent circuit has been hosting World Superbike since 1992. It’s the track with the second highest number of WSBK races held so far (42), along with Monza and behind Phillip Island.
The TT Circuit of Assen is the perfect hunting ground for the current Championship leader Sylvain Guintoli ( Aprilia Racing Team). The Frenchman scored last year his maiden World Superbike win in race 1, which was enhanced by the 2nd place of race 2. The 30 year old from Montélimar, is living his moment of glory on board the RSV4 and has been able so far to finish all races within the top-2 (a win and three second places). Time to get even for Guintoli’s team mate Eugene Laverty, after Aragon’s double DNF. The Irishman has won twice at Assen in his Supersport times (2009 and 2010) and finished 3rd last year in race 2, after successfully defending his position from Melandri and Haslam.
The man on the move is Chaz Davies (BMW Motorrad GoldBet), who is back on the track that started his unstoppable charge to the World Supersport title in 2011. Together with team mate Marco Melandri, the Brit – who lies 2nd in the standings thanks to the Aragon double win – will try to give BMW their first podium on the Dutch track (the best result so far is a 5th place).
Home round for the Pata Honda World Superbike Team, in what is being a difficult time for the Nieuwleusen-based team. Jonathan Rea scored 4 of his 10 WSBK race wins at Assen, at least 1 per year from 2010 on. Good memories of the Dutch Round for Leon Haslam with Honda : in 2009, when he returned to WSBK, the rider from Derby finished both races on the podium (a 3rd and a 2nd place).
Carlos Checa and Ayrton Badovini (Team Ducati Alstare) got the best of a two-day test last week at Jerez, to better prepare to the upcoming round. The goal for both riders is to make up lost ground and to show the potential of the 1199 Panigale R on a track that suits well the L-Twin machine from Borgo Panigale.
Tom Sykes makes his return to Assen after the unfortunate 2012 event, that saw him forced to an early retirement due to a technical problem in race 1, and 6th at the checkered flag in the following one. The Englishman of the Kawasaki Racing Team hasn’t had the best start of the season, especially compared to winter testing and high expectations from last year’s result. Sykes is now 6th in the standings, with 31 points less than 2012. Loris Baz will be back on a WSBK machine after being part of the winning team in the 77th Bol d’Or endurance race - along with close friend and STK1000 rider Jeremy Guarnoni.
Jules Cluzel could be the only full-time FIXI Crescent Suzuki rider to take part to the Assen round: Leon Camier’s participation is still in doubt following the left knee injury sustained at Aragon. Camier will make a final decision only on Thursday, together with the team and the specialists who are assisting him in the recovery.
Standings:
1. Sylvain Guintoli (Aprilia) 85
2. Chaz Davies (BMW) 63
3. Eugene Laverty (Aprilia) 45
4. Marco Melandri (BMW) 43
5. Michel Fabrizio (Aprilia) 42
6. Tom Sykes (Kawasaki) 38
7. Jules Cluzel (Suzuki) 33
8. Loris Baz (Kawasaki) 31
9. Jonathan Rea (Honda) 30
10. Leon Haslam (Honda) 29
11. Davide Giugliano (Aprilia) 23
12. Max Neukirchner (Ducati) 20
13. Carlos Checa (Ducati) 17
14. Leon Camier (Suzuki) 14
15. Ayrton Badovini (Ducati) 12
World Supersport :
The unpredictable outcome of the Aragon race has mixed up the cards on the table in the World Supersport Championship, putting even greater importance to this weekend’s round at Assen. After the unfortunate faux pas of both Kenan Sofuoglu (Mahi Racing Team India Kawasaki) and Sam Lowes (Yakhnich Motorsport Yamaha), whose race came to an early end by technical issues, the current Championship Leader is now none other than Sofuoglu’s team mate Fabien Foret, who rode to his 16th race win of the career after a gear shift problem forced an indomitable Sam Lowes to throw the towel in (the Brit was leading the race despite a painful hand and wrist injury).
The Championship Standings are tighter than ever on top, as 2002 World Supersport Champion leads with 38, just a 2-point advantage over “rookie” Michael van der Mark (Pata Honda World Supersport Team), who is counting down the days to his home round, and 12 on Luca Scassa (Intermoto Ponyexpres Kawasaki).
Last year’s Assen round saw the historical podium of Vladimir Leonov (Yakhnich Motorsport Yamaha), the maiden rostrum finish for a Russian rider at world level in motorcycle road racing.
Standings:
1. Fabien Foret (Kawasaki) 38
2. Michael vd Mark (Honda) 36
3. Luca Scassa (Kawasaki) 26
4. Kenan Sofuoglu (Kawasaki) 25
5. Andrea Antonelli (Kawasaki) 22
6. Sam Lowes (Yamaha) 20
7. Lorenzo Zanetti (Honda) 18
8. Jack Kennedy (Honda) 15
9. Riccardo Russo (Kawasaki) 11
10. David Salom (Kawasaki) 11
Barrier - Aragon 2013:
Video of R17LeE09vN8
Superstock 1000
The second round of 2013 FIM Superstock 1000 Cup is about to get underway eyes on the Championship leader and defending Champion Sylvain Barrier, who won last year’s race ahead of Lorenzo Savadori and Eddi La Marra.
Former team-mates both had a difficult Season Opener at Aragon: Savadori lost the front of his ZX-10R after a good first half of the race, La Marra had some hard time, especially compared to Niccolò Canepa, who crossed the finish line in 2nd place following an almost perfect race.
The Team Pedercini Kawasaki had something to cheer upon courtesy of Leandro Mercado, who snatched 3rd place from Jeremy Guarnoni for only 40 thousands of a second.
Standings:
1. Sylvain Barrier (BMW) 25
2. Niccolò Canepa (Ducati) 20
3. Leandro Mercado (Kawasaki) 16
4. Jeremy Guarnoni (Kawasaki) 13
5. Eddi La Marra (Ducati) 11
6. Romain Lanusse (Kawasaki) 10
7. Ondrej Jezek (Ducati) 9
8. Marco Bussolotti (BMW) 8
9. Enrique Ferrer (BMW) 7
10. Greg Gildenhuys (BMW) 6
Superstock 600
The Superstock 600 European Championship lands at Assen after the close battle of Round 1. The man to beat is Gauthier Duwelz (MTM Racing Yamaha), who won the opening race at Aragon and last year was 3rd behind van der Mark and Russo – both racing in WSS now. Tony Covena will be waving the Dutch flag high, after the positive 2nd place in Spain ahead of Swiss Bastien Chesaux, who is looking for a good result on the team’s home track.
Wildcard Rob Hartog will once again be attending the Assen round. The Dutch youngster, who starred the European Junior Cup race last year by finishing 2nd.
Standings:
1. Gauthier Duwelz (Yamaha) 25
2. Tony Covena (Kawasaki) 20
3. Bastien Chesaux (Honda) 16
4. Robin Mulhauser (Yamaha) 13
5. Adrian Nestorovic (Yamaha) 11
6. Franco Morbidelli (Kawasaki) 10
7. Christian Gamarino (Kawasaki) 9
8. Stefano Casalotti (Yamaha) 8
9. Dominic Schmitter (Yamaha) 7
10. Wayne Tessels (Suzuki) 6
European Junior Cup
The 2013 Pata European Junior Cup, powered by Honda is set for another weekend of racing after the close battle of the opening round. All 35 riders (33 full-time entries and 2 wild-cards) will take on the challenging 4542 m of the TT Circuit of Assen and New Zealand’s Jake Lewis will defend his leadership from Michael Canducci, Guillaume Raymond, Illan Fernandez and Zac Levy.
Standings:
1. Jake Lewis (Honda) 25
2. Albert Arenas (Honda) 20
3. Michael Canducci (Honda) 16
4. Guillaume Raymond (Honda) 13
5. Illan Fernandez (Honda) 11
6. Zac Levy (Honda) 10
7. Ali Adriansyah Rusmiputro (Honda) 9
8. Peter Sebestyen (Honda) 8
9. Kevin Manfredi (Honda) 7
10. Illya Mykhalchyk (Honda) 6
For more information: www.worldsbk.com
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What is the state capital of Mississippi? | Mississippi State Capitol
Mississippi State Capitol
1901-1903
The state capitol is the third capitol building built in the capital city of Jackson. The first building was completed in 1822, the second building in 1833 and the current capitol building was completed in 1903. The building was erected on the site of the old state penitentiary and was designed by Theodore Link, an architect from St. Louis, Missouri. The building cost $1,093,641 dollars, which was paid by the Illinois Central Railroad by the back taxes they owed the state.
In 1979-1983, the capitol building underwent a complete restoration, which cost $19 million. The renovation remained true to the original building and strived to maintain the original design when at all possible.
The Beaux Arts style building was designed to house all branches of the Mississippi state government. Currently, only the Legislature and the executive branches are contained in the capitol. The judicial branch is housed in the Gartin Justice Building across High Street.
The capitol is 402 feet long and 180 feet to the top of the dome. The dome interior contains 750 lights which illuminate the blind-folded lady representing "Blind Justice" and four scenes: two Indians, a Spanish explorer and a Confederate general. The eagle which sits atop the dome is made of solid copper coated with gold leaf. The eagle is 8 feet high and 15 feet wide.
On the first floor, the Hall of Governors is located. Portraits of Mississippi's governors since the creation of the Mississippi Territory in 1798 are on display. The State Library and the Supreme Court chambers, now both committee meeting rooms, are located on the second floor. The Legislature is housed on the third floor, along with the Governor, Lieutenant Governor and Speaker of the House's offices. The public viewing for both chambers is located on the fourth floor.
The grounds of the capitol building contains one of the 53 replicas of the original Liberty Bell and a statue erected in memory of the ladies, mothers, sisters, wives and daughters of the Confederate soldiers. Among the trees on the grounds are the state tree, the magnolia, along with two Japanaese magnolias. The battleship figurehead is from the second USS Mississippi. The ship was sold to Greece in 1914 but the figurehead was presented to Mississippi by the United States Navy in December 1909.
The Mississippi State Capitol is designated a Mississippi landmark building and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
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Who was the World’s first Christian martyr? | Mississippi State Facts - 50States.com
Missouri
Mississippi Facts and Trivia
In 1963 the University of Mississippi Medical Center accomplished the world's first human lung transplant and, on January 23, 1964, Dr. James D. Hardy performed the world's first heart transplant surgery.
Borden's Condensed Milk was first canned in Liberty.
In 1902 while on a hunting expedition in Sharkey County, President Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt refused to shoot a captured bear. This act resulted in the creation of the world-famous teddy bear.
The world's largest shrimp is on display at the Old Spanish Fort Museum in Pascagoula.
The first bottle of Dr. Tichener's Antiseptic was produced in Liberty.
The world's largest cactus plantation is in Edwards.
Elvis Presley was born in Tupelo, on January 8, 1935.
H.T. Merrill from Luka performed the world's first round trip trans-oceanic flight in 1928.
In 1884 the concept of selling shoes in boxes in pairs (right foot and left foot) occurred in Vicksburg at Phil Gilbert's Shoe Parlor on Washington Street.
The first female rural mail carrier in the United States was Mrs. Mamie Thomas. She delivered mail by buggy to the area southeast of Vicksburg in 1914.
Historic Jefferson College, circa 1802, was the first preparatory school established in the Mississippi Territory. Located in Washington the educational institution is also the site where tradition holds Aaron Burr was arraigned for treason in 1807, beneath what became known as Burr Oaks.
William Grant Still of Woodville composed the Afro-American Symphony.
Burnita Shelton Mathews of Hazelhurst was the first woman federal judge in the United States and served in Washington, the District of Columbia.
Dr. Emmette F. Izard of Hazelhurst developed the first fibers of rayon. They became known as the first real synthetics.
The first nuclear submarine built in the south was produced in Mississippi.
In 1871 Liberty became the first town in the United States to erect a Confederate monument.
Mississippi was the first state in the nation to have a planned system of junior colleges.
Leontyne Price of Laurel performed with the New York Metropolitan Opera.
Mississippi is the birthplace of the Order of the Eastern Star.
The rarest of North American cranes lives in Mississippi in the grassy savannas of Jackson County. The Mississippi Sandhill Crane stands about 44 inches tall and has an eight-foot wingspan.
Guy Bush of Tupelo was one of the most valuable players with the Chicago Cubs. He was on the 1929 World Series team and Babe Ruth hit his last home run off a ball pitched by Bush.
S.B. Sam Vick of Oakland played for the New York Yankees and the Boston Red Sox. He was the only man ever to pinch hit for the baseball great Babe Ruth.
Blazon-Flexible Flyer, Inc. in West Point is proclaimed to make the very best snow sled in the United States, which became an American tradition. It is called The Flexible Flyer.
Friendship Cemetery in Columbus has been called Where Flowers Healed a Nation. It was April 25, 1866, and the Civil War had been over for a year when the ladies of Columbus decided to decorate both Confederate and Union soldiers' graves with beautiful bouquets and garlands of flowers. As a direct result of this kind gesture, Americans celebrate what has come to be called Memorial Day each year, an annual observance of recognition of war dead.
The largest Bible-binding plant in the nation is Norris Bookbinding Company in Greenwood.
After the Civil War, famed hat maker John B. Stetson learned and practiced his trade at Dunn's Falls near Meridian.
In 1834 Captain Isaac Ross, whose plantation was in Lorman, freed his slaves and arranged for them to be sent to Africa, where they founded the country of Liberia. Recently, representatives of Liberia visited Lorman and placed a stone at the Captain's gravesite in honor of his kindness.
The world's largest cottonwood tree plantation is in Issaquena County.
David Harrison of Columbus owns the patent on the Soft Toilet Seat. Over 1,000,000 are sold every year.
The first football player on a Wheaties box was Walter Payton of Columbia.
Greenwood is the home of Cotton Row, which is the second largest cotton exchange in the nation and is on the National Register of Historic Places.
The oldest game in America is stickball. The Choctaw Indians of Mississippi played the game. Demonstrations can be seen every July at the Choctaw Indian Fair in Philadelphia.
The International Checkers Hall of Fame is in Petal.
Natchez was settled by the French in 1716 and is the oldest permanent settlement on the Mississippi River. Natchez once had 500 millionaires, more than any other city except New York City.
Natchez now has more than 500 buildings that are on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Natchez Trace Parkway, named an All American Road by the federal government, extends from Natchez to just south of Nashville, Tennessee. The Trace began as an Indian trail more than 8,000 years ago.
The Vicksburg National Cemetery is the second largest national cemetery in the country. Arlington National Cemetery is the largest.
D'Lo was featured in "Life Magazine" for sending proportionally more men to serve in World War II than any other town of its size. 38 percent of the men who lived in D'Lo served.
Mississippi suffered the largest percentage of people who died in the Civil War of any Confederate State. 78,000 Mississippians entered the Confederate military. By the end of the war 59,000 were either dead or wounded.
Pine Sol was invented in 1929 by Jackson native Harry A. Cole, Sr.
The world's largest pecan nursery is in Lumberton.
Greenwood is called the Cotton Capital of the World.
Belzoni is called the Catfish Capital of the World.
Vardaman is called the Sweet Potato Capital of the World.
Greenville is called the Towboat Capital of the World.
Root beer was invented in Biloxi in 1898 by Edward Adolf Barq, Sr.
Of Mississippi's 82 counties, Yazoo County is the largest and Alcorn County is the smallest.
The Mississippi River is the largest in the United States and is the nation's chief waterway. Its nickname is Old Man River.
At Vicksburg, the United States Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station is the world's largest hydraulic research laboratory.
At Pascagoula the Ingalls Division of Litton Industries uses leading-edge construction techniques to build the United State Navy's most sophisticated ships. At the state's eight research centers programs are under way in acoustics, polymer science, electricity, microelectronics, hydrodynamics, and oceanography.
Thanks to: Ron Collins, Greg Maxedon, Source: 'Mississippi', published by the office of the Secretary of State
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What type of creature is a mugger? | Makara | Cryptid Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
Possible Population
Unknown
Makara (Sanskrit: मकर) is a sea-creature in Hindu mythology. It is generally depicted as half terrestrial animal, such as a crocodile, and in hind part as aquatic animal, in the tail part, as a fish tail or peacock's tail feathers. At Ta Prohm, near Angkor Wat and built by the epic builder king Jayavarman VII in the late 1100s, a small carving on a crumbling temple wall seems to show a dinosaur - a lizard, to be exact. The hand-sized carving of the Hindu-Buddhist Makara can be found in a quiet corner of the complex, a stone temple engulfed in jungle vegetation where the roots of centuries-old banyan trees snake through broken walls.
After parts of Tomb Raider were shot here, the temple got a PR lift and has become one of the site's top tourist draws. But many of the package tours are still ushered in and out without spotting the enigmatic dinosaur carving.
Several different theories have been advanced to explain its
Makara statues at the Candi Kalasan temples in Indonesia
presence. Some maintain that the ancient Khmers
A bronze (?) Makara face
could have unearthed a fossil and figured out what kind of creature it belonged to. One theory has it that the image actually shows a cow or rhino with a palm tree in the background - the palm's fronds being easily mistaken for the fin-like blades running down a lizard back.
Or maybe the carving is evidence that dinosaurs really did live on until much later than previously thought. Perhaps here in the humid, ancient jungles of Southeast Asia , where the climate has remained largely unchanged since the dinosaurs' days, giant reptiles lived on well into the human era - long enough to persist in the Khmer folk-memory. If only these walls could talk, we might have a clue.
Contents
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Etymology
Makara' is a Sanskrit word which means "sea dragon" or "water-monster" and in Tibetan language it is called
Makara at Nanpaya Temple, Bagan, Burma
the "chu-srin", and also denotes a hybrid creature. It is the origin of the word for crocodile 'mugger' (मगर) in Hindi. The English word 'mugger' evolved meaning one who sneaks up and attacks another. The name is applied to the Mugger crocodile, the most common crocodile in India, and is descriptive of its aggressive feeding behavior.
Meanwhile, Josef Friedrich Kohl of Wurzburg University and several German scientists claimed that makara is based on dugong instead, based on his reading of Jain text of Sūryaprajñapti.
Vedic Description
During the Vedic times when Indra was the God of heaven, Varuna, the Vedic water god became the God of the seas and rode on makara, which was called “the water monster vehicle”. Makara has been depicted typically as half mammal and half fish. In many temples, the depiction is in the form of half fish or seal with head of an elephant. It is also shown in an anthropomorphic (abstract form) with head and jaws of a crocodile, an elephant trunk with scales of fish and a peacock tail. Lakshmi sitting on a lotus is also a depiction in which she pulls the tongue of the elephant shaped makara is meant to project Lakshmi’s image as the goddess of prosperity, wealth and well being. It represents a chaotic state, which eventually is restored to a state of regular order. Makara is also the emblem of Kamadeva, the vedic god of love and desire. It is also known as ‘Makara-Ketu’ which means “long tailed makara.” It is the tenth sign of the Zodiac, called rasi in Sanskrit, which is equivalent to the zodiacal sign of Capricorn (goat symbol).
Recent Sightings
On November 15, 2013, an alleged monster creature has surfaced in Vietnam, with many scratching their heads due to the claims of how it was found. According to Japanese new site Karapaia, the monster was dug up in Vietnam rather than found at a beach or near the water. It is clearly a faked photo though.
Typically sea monsters and large corpses are often found from an oceanic source, so this claim is what's causing quite the stir online. The find caused widespread speculation as to what it could be, some suggesting it was a link to the Loch Ness Monster or was some sort of sea dragon or water dinosaur. Others surmised it was a mutant fish or some sort of shark species. “It’s hard to know what we’re dealing with,” A PROMAR (Programa en Defensa de la Fauna Marina-Sea Life Defense Program) spokesman Paco Toledano told Ideal.es Ameria, according to Inexplicata. “It’s very decomposed and we cannot identify what it is."
“Perhaps we could learn something more from the bones, but to be precise, it would be necessary to perform a genetic analysis, which is very expensive and who would pay for it?"
“Anyway, we have submitted the information to colleagues with more experience and knowledge to see if they can tell us something more specific.”
| Crocodile |
Who is the Greek Goddess of the Rainbow? | Mugger | RuneScape Roleplay Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia
History
Poor Yet Happy
Mugger was not his original name, it was the name he took on after he escaped from Connan Vargus's apprentice (A mage whose life's work has been the study of life energies), who had split off from his teacher to conduct his own experiments. Mugger grew up in the poor district of Varrok, and was a hard working person, he eventually met his wife Anne and they were married at the Saradominist church in the city. They stayed as such for several years before they were taken.
Captured
Mugger and his wife were stolen from their home at night by mysterious black robed figures and taken down into the sewers of Varrok, where they were caged and experimented on by Connan's run-away apprentice. Using dragon blood as a template and mixing it with that of a crocodile, the apprentice injected it into Mugger and used his magics training to tamper with the Anima Mundi and warp the man. Mugger's wife followed soon after with a fish-blood mixture, though she was not as badly warped as he was, retaining much of her human features.
The experiment stripped them of much of their memory, Mugger retained enough to remember he and his wife were married and originally came from the world above. He managed to rally his fellow prisoners and they revolted, breaking free of their cages and killing the apprentice and his assistants. The mutants then fled deeper into the sewer system. In time, many of the experiments lost their sanity and turned feral, while the few who did not ended up being attacked by the corrupted. Mugger and Anne kept out of harm's way by taking refuge in the sewer system's water ways where the other creatures could not follow. Eventually Anne made a mistake and ended up being attacked by the corrupted experiments, Mugger arrived too late and killed the other creatures in hate-fueled revenge. It was when he was building his wife's funeral pyre out of stones and loose bits of vegetation that he was found by Alliance order members, tracking down rumors of creatures in Varrok Sewers.
He attacked them in a rage, thinking them to be more cohorts of the apprentice mage, but they managed to hold him off long enough for the noise to attract the corrupted experiments. Mugger forgot about the fight and ran to the sewer gate to pull a lever and close off the tunnel, but found the lever to be stuck. Putting aside his aggressiveness for the moment, he called for the Alliance member's aid to pull the lever down, and they helped; not wanting to be torn to shreds by the oncoming horde of monstrosities. After the gate fell shut and calm was restored, the members explained themselves and Mugger told his story as well as the other creatures. After finishing putting his wife to rest; the members offered Mugger sanctuary and a promise to help cure him, and so he followed them.
Safety
The group of Alliance members he followed eventually reached a small base on Karamja in a pocket plane, where Mugger decided to take up residence and did not venture outward from the base for some time. He later spoke with the owner of the pocket plane, a man who had been infused with a demon through infernal rituals. They spoke much on the topic of blood and the change in each others live's as a result of what they both had become. Mugger learned much from the man later regarding the higher powers of the world; such as gods and spirits, as Mugger had grown up as a peasant and never managed to learn much about such subjects. He also studied at great lengths in the order's libraries, learning what he could of the world and discovering many vast secrets about Gielinor.
Back to the World
It did not take long for the order that Mugger was being protected by to start to dissolve, and this was unexpected. Mugger was forced to leave before events proved unfavorable, and left the pocket plane to go out on his own. Having learned much from the order, he was ready to take on the challenges of life on his own, and had a standard knowledge about the majority of Gielinor. Discovering that Morytania was the land of monsters in his studies, he resolved to go there and discover what he might about its inhabitants, perhaps even try to fit in.
Morytania
He took refuge in the swamps that dot the land throughout the fetid environment of Morytania, and snuck into Canifis under the natural shadows of the land, observing the bar patrons to aid in his study. He caught sight of a two women in the bar one night, one human and the other a mix of strange races. The human suffered from a terminal illness and the other offered to change her into what she was.
The human woman agreed and followed the other, unknown to them, Mugger followed them through the swamps. He watched as the human woman was turned into some sort of demonic creature, and as the first woman left, the newly changed woman stayed where she was for a moment. Mugger turned to leave, but stepped on a stick, making a noise that alerted the woman, and he was discovered. The woman told Mugger she would not harm him, though he did not believe her and fled, running for the waters and escaping her view.
Visit to the Academy of Heros
He decided to follow the scent of the original demonic woman, and ended up swimming down the river salve to a building he had never seen before. He used his claws to climb up the cliffs, and did the same to reach the roof. He crawled to the edge near the inner plaza and looked down, spotting the woman he had scented. It did not take long for him to be discovered by some of the academy members, who could sense auras and knew that something was on the roof.
Mugger became paranoid, and started to flee, sliding down the northern roof, but ended up being cornered. A mage began to cast a spell to trap him using sand, and Mugger began to be taken over by an animalistic fear, and thrashed about wildly to try and escape. Eventually he was pinned, and he yelled at his captors in fear, proving to them that he was a sentient creature, not just a monster. Without being given a chance to explain himself, he was told to leave, and that if he returned he would be killed. Feeling spurned and yet again cast out of any chances of socializing, he jumped off the cliffs and dove into the water, swimming back to Morytania.
Burgh De Rott
A few days previous to this event, Mugger had been unable to act while he saw a female human knight become captured by vampyres. He had observed this woman and grown partially attached to her slightly insane behavior by watching her through the windows of Canifis bar, and after her capture he took it upon himself to save her. Following her scent, he tracked her through the swamps of Mort Myre and to the small city of Burgh De Rott. He scented the air once more and found the woman he had been searching for to be directly on the other side of a large stone wall, and finding a large grate, he ripped it from the wall and began to dig away the bricks in order to make the hole large enough for him to squeeze through.
This alerted the Vampyres that now lorded over the former knight, which was none other than Talya and Rosemarie Foryx , and they rushed to see the damage of the wall after hearing the noise. Catching scent of them before they could spot him however, Mugger submerged into the waters and was out of sight as they rounded the bend. Thinking it was an average intruder, Rose ordered that Vyrewatch assume positions on the ballistae surrounding the wall. Mugger then submerged deep into the river, and began thinking of a way he could get in without being detected. A solution formed in his head, and he swam to the bottom of the wall and began digging at the mud below the stone structure. With this, he was in the water on the other side of the wall within moments. As this happened, the two Vampyres pushed the former knight into the water as punishment for some misdeed. It was this instant Rose had realized her mistake, as she detected Mugger's life aura underneath the water as he swam through the hole he had dug. Rose began to try and manipulate a water current to push the creature back out the hole, but Mugger was the master of his own element, and easily outswam the magic current.
As Talya began trying to help the enslaved knight out of the water, Mugger burst from the surface, jaws closing on one of the knight's feet and dragging her into the water all within the course of a blink of the eye. Rose used blood tendrils to grap ahold of one of her slave's wrists, just as Mugger neared the hole under the wall. This resulted in a very short game of tug-of-war, and as this began to happen; magic was used to begin to heat up the water to near boiling. Mugger weighed the consequences, he knew that if he continued to pull then the knight would be ripped apart or boiled alive by the hot water, of which Mugger knew he could withstand but she could not. He opened his steel-trap jaws, which unexpectedly sent the knight flying out of the water and into Rose, hitting her. Mugger then escaped out the hole in the wall at the base of the riverbed and fled into Mort Myre up the river, ashamed that he could not rescue the knight.
Discovery
One night outside Canifis bar as Mugger was thinking of ways to free the woman knight from imprisonment, he was viewing the activities of the patrons from his usual hiding spot outside, when two patrons began arguing. The two patrons were Lark Mallavian and a human man. The nature of their discussion was one that greatly annoyed Mugger, and after the bickering had reached the climax; with yelling and near blows, Mugger grabbed a large log nearbye and with a savage roar, threw it through the wall. The roar alerted Lark, who mist-formed as the large log crashed through the wall, and the human dove out of the way as it sailed through the air toward him. The human left, not wanting to get involved in events further, while Lark decided to pursue her unknown assailant.
Lark exited the bar through the gaping hole, and observed the tracks of Mugger which lead to the water. She searched around the pond located behind the tavern and found a large boulder blocking the trapdoor that lead to the basement of the establishment. Breaking the boulder with magic, she went down the trapdoor and found to her astonishment that the filthy basement had been cleaned to a degree. She explored the basement which now had become Mugger's lair, and discovered two things: the pool of water in the basement was a water filled tunnel that Mugger used to get in and out, and Mugger's journal. Lark read the entirety of it, feeling both touched and saddened by the depressing tale contained within.
She spoke to herself then, stating her sympathy for the outcast monster, and decided to mark the letter M on the table with her own blood as a sign she had been there. Unknown to her however, the head of Mugger was just so slightly protruding from the water on the other end of the basement, and he had heard her claims of sympathy. Mugger then breathed deep, catching her scent and memorizing it so that he would be able to pick Lark out from the rest of her kin. As Lark left, Mugger resolved to follow her closely for a while, in order to make judgement on whether or not to reveal himself to her in time.
A Game After Dark
After following Lark for a time, Mugger decided to make things fun. After the woman drank one too many, he tapped on the side of the tavern, causing her inebriated mind to make her want to investigate. Lark walked outside to the side of the tavern and saw the water in the pond sloshing about, and she knew instantly who it was that was badgering her this night. She started speaking out loud to the pond, and this attracted the attention of one of her aquantences, who came to watch. The aquantance, who's name was Marie, started to think Lark was losing it. Meanwhile, Mugger started to taunt Lark using a catfish as a puppet, squeezing the head of the small fish he had caught to make its mouth move like a puppet.
The two Vampyres started arguing about Lark's mental health and drunkenness and Lark picked up a fist sized stone to throw into the water and prove her point. The stone came sailing out of the water not soon after, hitting a Werewolf citizen in the head, to which Lark took as the proving of her story. Marie, knowing now that the story was true, decided to play at Lark's inebriation, and claimed that her story was still false. Mugger then began to push bloodwine bottles he had stolen onto the shore, and Lark could not resist, and she began to drink even more, as well as using the bottles to prove that Mugger existed to Marie.
As Lark reached to grab a bottle floating in the water, she fell in, and Marie then came to grab her and haul her out of the water. Mugger grabbed one of Lark's legs however, forcing Marie to start pulling, and as the woman heaved heavily, Mugger let go, causing Marie to fall backwards and Lark to launch airborn slightly. Mugger let his snout out of the water to take a breath after this, and Marie took this to her advantage, and punched the protruding piece of Mugger's head. Mugger's explosive temper sparked at this, and his full head lifted out of the water, letting loose a deep gutteral growl, causing the air to vibrate nearbye. The noise rattled Marie's and Lark's bones and teeth, and Lark looked up from laying on her back, exclaiming while pointing at the Mugger's head that she was right. Lark fell back down onto the dirt, passing out from the drinks while Mugger submerged once more. Marie dragged her friend away from the pond and the rest of the night passed bye with little else occuring.
Making Amends
He decided to try and risk a return to the academy of heros one day, and resolved to give them a gift of some kind without exposing himself. He swam south down the River Salve, and ended up along the Eastern coast of the Kharidian Desert. He found a large oasis of teak trees, and decided to cut them down as a gift to the academy. What Mugger did not know however, is that teak trees are valuable, he didn't even know exactly what teak was, and his intent was to cut enough logs so that the academy could use them to burn and keep warm on cold desert nights.
He eventually cut enough timber, and placed the large amount of wood into a very large burlap sack. He reached the cliffs at the base of the academy and used his large fists and claws to scrabble his way up, while holding onto the sack with his strong jaws. He reached the top and worked his way around the edges of the academy walls. He reached the front wall where the gates were and used his massive strength to throw the sack to the gate, and left shortly after. The sack was found by a few members of the academy, and once they emptied the sack they found a grimy cloth note written in charcoal. The short note read: "from a friend".
A Bite to Remember
Once more did Mugger venture out into the desert, and found a rock deposit containing some ore. Using his thick claws, he dug out a large amount and stuffed it into the sack, which he had recovered. He once more threw the sack towards the gates after he climbed the cliffs and reached the edge of the academy wall, and this attracted the attention of a girl named Ash, who was an archer at the academy and was there during the first time the sack was thrown when it contained teak logs. Ash ran after the source of the thrown sack, and could not find the owner, but did find the tracks in the sand. She followed the tracks to the Eastern cliffs, the edge of the academy that looks out to the ocean. She saw claw marks at the edge of the cliff and looked down, spying the heavily cloth-covered Mugger as he was about to drop into the water below.
She called out to get his attention, and so she did, but it broke his concentration as he was descending, and Mugger's grip slipped. As Mugger's grip slipped, it ripped out a section of the cliff wall, which caused the upper cliff above which ash was standing on to crumble. Ash did not pay attention to this and so she began to fall. Another person by the name of Devon happened along at this moment, having decided to follow Ash since she just walked away from a conversation earlier to pursue the secret persona who kept throwing a sack full of gifts to the academy gates. He ran to the edge of the cliff to investigate, and found that Ash just managed to grab a hand hold on her fall downwards, but this did not last long as the soft sandstone began to crumble once more, so she pushed off the cliff face and started to dive. She soon noticed why Mugger had climbed to the bottom before going into the water however, as the water below was noticably shallow for a dive.
She leveled her dive out as best she could, but ash still scraped her stomach on the sharp rocks on the bottom, causing her to start bleeding. Devon, who was an archer himself, readied two arrows with a rope attaching each other together, and plunged one into the dirt beside him while knocking one onto the bowstring. After he shot down the arrow, he noticed the dark shape of Mugger under the water farther off, and thought that the shape was a shark. He knocked an offensive arrow as Ash began swimming for the rope. As this happened, a real shark caught onto the scent of Ash's blood in the water, and its fin broke the surface as it began swimming for her.
Mugger caught sight of the shark, and began swimming to intercept it while still remaining under the water to stay concealed. Seeing two dark shapes; Devon knocked a second arrow. Ash was hurrying as quickly as she could, but was still not to safety as she started to climb the rope. Just as the shark was about to move its head out of the water to make a bite at Ash, Mugger intercepted it, and the two watchers just managed to see a blur of movement as a large green set of jaws slammed downwards on the neck of the shark.
Ash climbed very quickly after that, adrenaline surging through her system. As she reached the top she collapsed to take a breath, and the two looked down at the water. The water was soaked in blood and the decapitated head and body of the shark was floating on the surface, rimmed with teeth marks around the bite area. The two returned to the inside of the academy walls to mend Ash's scrape wounds from her unfortunate dive, and after this happened they once more heard the thump of a heavy object hitting the ground outside the academy gates.
Ash was the only one who bothered to investigate, and was treated with the sight of the large shark that had attempted to attack her; its disembodied head, along with the body itself, impaled on a long stick. She laughed at it for a moment, then noticed something large and white glinting from the neck of the shark. She walked over to it and pulled the object from the shredded meat, finding it to be a gleaming white tooth as long as her middle finger and of fair thickness. The tooth was not the shark's. She was somewhat amazed by the tooth and decided to pocket it, then she walked back into the academy to prepare for a healthy night's sleep.
Enslaved
Mugger returned to Morytania after his previous venture, and stayed in the South of the land in the snail trails to remain nearbye the cliffs on the other side of the Salve that bordered the trails. It was one night he was hunting for snails to eat that he caught the sound of wingbeats in the fog, and he knew vyres were on the way. He looked around in panic and could not find any deep water to hide in, and so formed an idea out of desperation. He ran to the nearest clump of reeds and rolled into a ball in order to resemble a rock. A group of vyres landed and began talking about the latest round up of humans. They saw a strange trail of footprints leading to Mugger's hiding place, which was the one thing Mugger had not anticipated.
They followed the tracks out of curiosity, and found what appeared to be a large mossy rock. The underling vyres were suggesting they poke it, at which the vyre captain named victor strided over, pushing them out of the way and used his claws to strike the "rock".
Mugger reared upwards in pain and roared, some blood flowing down his back. The vyres lunged at him, their instincts preparing them for combat. The four vyre underlings, after a struggle, managed to wrestle him to the ground. Mugger continued roaring, starting to hurt their ears, and yelled in a fury that he would crush them in his jaws. It was his furious words that likely saved his life, as the vyre captain who had been watching this whole time was preparing to kill him. At hearing Mugger's words, the vyre captain judged he had a measure of usefulness. A second group of vyres showed up, as the area they were in was an intended meeting place.
The captain named Victor thought that Mugger would do well as a heavy labor slave in the Daeyalt Ore Mines, and remarked on this. Mugger roared in fury, and stated he was not a slave. Victor told him to be quiet, and stated he looked like a creature who enjoyed meat, telling Mugger they would give him human flesh to keep him alive in the mines. Mugger was infuriated by this, and with fury in his voice; told the captain that he was not a monster like victor was, and that if he ever got out of the mines, he would find victor and kill him. Victor just laughed at this and used a blood spell in an attempt to knock Mugger out cold, but it did not do the job, and so he had to do so a second time; which finally made Mugger black out. He was later taken to the mines.
The Gift of Blood
Mugger was taken to the mines, and was rolled in on the tracks in a large metal cage. During this he was slightly drugged, and was not entirely alert. Two juvinate guards opened his cage, prodding him with metal rods to make him step out. As he stepped out, his pupils narrowed and his eyes turned red, and he began attacking the juvinates. His jaws clamped over the male juvinate's upper body and he lifted his head upwards, shaking the juvinate like a terrier shakes a rat, which caused the vampyre's spine to break. The female juvinate grabbed a chain attached to a shackle locked on Mugger's right wrist, and attempted some restraint while calling for vyrewatch. Mugger yanked his arm, and the juvinate foolishly did not let go of the chain. She was flung through the air and was impaled by a stalagmite. Several vyrewatch showed up after that and restrained him, forcing more sedatives into him. After this, the vyres attached his chains to a very large iron ball so as to slow Mugger's movements and make him easier to deal with in the mines.
While all this happened, a recently enslaved miner named Andrea was watching. After Mugger was successfully re-drugged, the vyres set him to work, and he used his claws to scrape away at the Daeyalt ore. As his skin made contact with the ore, it glowed brighter than usual; responding to some hidden cue that Mugger did not care about at the time, due to his sedating. The slave named Andrea walked over cautiously after the vyrewatch left, and approached slowly; not sure if Mugger was dangerous. She tried talking to him, but she could not get a response from his drug-addled mind. Andrea went back to digging, and eventually the sedatives began to wear off on him. He looked over and observed Andrea struggling to fill a quota placed on her by the vyres, then looked down to the massive amounts of ore he easily scraped from the walls.
Mugger grabbed a large handful and tossed over the ore, causing it to land in the pile Andrea had dug. She looked over in surprise at the big lizard, and started walking over. She saw the chains and attempted to break them with her pickaxe, but to no avail. As this happened, Mugger's head shot towards her direction in order to look at her, this caused her to stumble back in fright and land on her hind end. She stuttered and whispered in fear, exclaiming she only wanted to help. Mugger, still fighting off the sedatives, whispered a simple "thanks" to her. It was not long after that event that the mining day was up, and both their quotas filled. Mugger found a patch of flat rock and layed down for the night, and Andrea did as well but at a distance. The other slaves stayed far away from Mugger, keeping in seperate tunnels while Andrea was the only one who remained close.
It did not take him long to begin to dream. He started to dream of his past life, short snippets of it floating by; a brief glimpse at his wedding and the simple life in Varrok after the marriage. It quickly turned to a nightmare however, as memories of the experiments from the sewers flooded back. As this happened; he became distressed in his dreaming state, and the ore on the cavern walls around him began to glow more brightly. Mugger awoke with a start, and a brilliant white and blue flash of magic flickered for a brief moment across the mines, and faded as quickly as it had begun. After this; the glowing from the ore ceased. Andrea was woke by the sound Mugger was making and the lights coming off the ore, but oddly the blue flash did not register with her. She looked over at mugger, who once more layed down, but did not attempt sleep, as he was too troubled to try.
Andrea got up and walked over, then stuttered while asking if she could lay down next to him. Mugger nodded and Andrea cuddled up to the large frame, shuddering at the warmth he provided from the cold stones and damp air of the mines. It did not take long for conversation to start. Andrea revealed that she had came from Ardougne originally, but a demon had kidnapped her from her home in the night; then teleported her to Meiyerditch for a vampyre who had summoned it for the express purpose of taking citizens from cities across the Salve. Mugger told her about his short history, mainly about why he was the strange monster she now saw. She reassured him and hugged him slightly, telling him he was not a monster; him having helped her fill her ore quota and killed the two juvinate guards, thanking him for sharing his words with her. Mugger was happy at this, as he had finally made a human friend. Eventually the topic of food came up, and Andrea offered him some bread, at which Mugger refused; saying he could go weeks without food after a good meal (his metabolism being very slow), telling her she should save what she finds for herself. They later fell asleep.
Three weeks passed and Mugger's condition remained somewhat healthy, while Andrea's did not. She was beginning to feel the pains of hard labor, and Mugger helped out as much as he could; helping her fill her quota. It was during these few weeks that Mugger payed the most attention to the strange effects he was having on the ore, and tried to discern the connection but could find none. Two months passed and Mugger was beginning to feel the strain himself, while Andrea was starting to rapidly deteriorate. From time to time a vyre would enter and throw a drained corpse at Mugger for food, but he refused to eat these, instead burrying them as the people deserved. His burrying of the dead did attract rats however, and he used this to his advantage; him and Andrea using the rats as a food source. It reached the point that the vyres were impressed with how long Andrea had survived, while they did not care so much about Mugger.
Three more months passed, and at the end they were beginning to die of starvation and exhaustion. Mugger and Andrea laid in a heap on the floor, both looking like skeletons with how thin they had gotten. It was then that two vyrewatch came to look upon the collapsed frames. One began to drag Andrea away so she could be used for drink in her last moments of life. Andrea noticed the key to Mugger's chains on the vyre's belt and weakly managed to unlatch it with a finger, the key landed on the soft dirt with little to no sound. She whispered to Mugger to not forget her, and at that moment; something in him broke. Energy that had been building up in him and attempting to break loose for the entirety of his time in the mines suddenly broke free. The Daeyalt ore, a product of the Stone of Jas while it was under Morytania, was synced to the energies of the dragon blood inside mugger, and the energies finally made union with each other; unlocking a hidden gift that laid dormant inside him.
The blue light flashed once more, but did not stop after one second, it continued throughout the mines and spread like light from a torch in a dark room. Mugger stood up, grabbed the key, and unlocked his bindings. He looked around weakly at the world, which was now shrouded in a strange hue of blue. He hurried as quickly as he could after Andrea and the vyres, not knowing the purpose of the magic that was eminating from him which was being sustained by the glowing ore across the mines. He reached Andrea and the vyres, but stopped as he saw nothing was happening. He quickly figured out why; as they were unmoving, frozen in time as time refused to move, with the fangs of one of the vyres frozen just inches from Andrea's neck. He moved forward, and with a feeling of ironic justice, he bit down on the head of the defenseless vyre and jerked with his jaws; snapping the vyre's neck. He dispatched the other vyre in a similar manner. He then picked up Andrea and began walking up the stairs that lead out of the mine.
As he broke to the surface, he found all of Meiyerditch under the spell, the massive energies being sustained by the countless ore rocks beneath the ghettos. He shuffled along, not bothering to dispatch any other vyres, for he did not have the strength to multitask at the moment. He found the crumbling Western wall of the city and with what little strength he had left; broke through the brick, causing him and Andrea to slide down the slopes and towards the Barrows. As Mugger left Meiyerditch behind, the spell broke and the city snapped back into real time. Mugger began a weak walk across the swamps, desperate to find something to help Andrea and himself. Andrea, who passed out when the vyre was about to bite her, woke up in that instant. She weakly asked if she was dead, and he told her to hold on. Mugger quickly reached an area he recognized as the Snail Trails, and found an abundance of the creatures sliding around. He quickly killed a few and fed one to Andrea to keep her alive, and ate some himself. It was then that vyrewatch started flying towards the Trails from Meiyerditch, and Mugger knew they had to leave.
Mugger walked quickly, Andrea passing out again, he reached the edge of the River Salve and waded across. They were finally safe and out of Morytania. Mugger had one final task to complete, and he began walking South, soon finding his feet touching sand. He reached the Duel Arena under the cover of night, and as he stepped foot near the Arena, his nose caught the scent of blood and medical supplies at one tent. Keeping concealed in the shadows behind the canvas of the tent, he placed the unconscious Andrea into the light from the torches at the opening of medical center. It only took a few moments for the Kharidian healers to see her, and came rushing. Mugger turned away in the distance, beginning to walk to the North. It was as he was out of hearing range that Andrea snapped awake, and weakly called his name, the healers of the tent, however, thought she was having delusions about a thug attempting to mug her. As Mugger walked away, he hoped he would meet Andrea again some day, and thanks to him; she had a second chance at life.
A Tense Reunion
Mugger decided it was time to return to Morytania, perhaps for the last time, to recover his journal. As he made his way through the swamps, he reached Canifis bar and was about to go down into the cellar when the scent of vampyres caught his nose. He growled with anger and decided to investigate, crawling for the shadows of the side of the building in order to look inside the windows like he always used to do. As he looked in, he sighted a few vampyres, but one he was familiar with was once more Lark Mallavian. He growled in discontent and left to enter the cellar. Lark heard something and decided to investigate. She left the table and her fellows without a word and headed for the cellar as well.
Lark entered the cellar and was greeted by the sight of the large frame facing in the opposite direction, picking up a book left there a long time ago. Mugger caught her scent and growled in his deep-voiced way, then turned, his tail smashing the table his journal and a blood mark that Lark had placed in the past had been on. The ten foot figure loomed over the somewhat short vampyre, and Lark greeted him in a wary way; stating that they finally met at last. Mugger instantly voiced his newfound hatred for vampyres, telling her he has no love for her kind. Lark sneered at this, replying that he should not be so quick to judge. Mugger, with great hatred in his voice, shortly told her about the torment placed upon him and the humans in the Daeyalt Ore Mines, how he had slaved for six months before nearly wasting away to nothing. Lark was filled with contempt about this, stating she had nothing to do with those mines, and that they worked good sources of food to the death in them, which disgusted her.
Mugger told Lark that even though she was not involved, this could not atone for the misdeeds she has no doubt done in her life as a vampyre, and the cruelty her race shows as a whole. Lark told him that she was more like him than he realized, for she had been changed into a monster without her own consent as well, that she was forced to live the way she did, that he should not blame her for the faults of the rest of her kind. Mugger walked strait to her after she said this, and lowered his head so he could gaze her right in the eyes. At that moment, he told her this;
“
I /will/ have justice for what was done... but it will not be on your head. Let it be known that from this day on; the brood of Drakan will suffer in my jaws. You can either be my ally, or my enemy, it is entirely your decision, but be careful which you choose...
”
Mugger then walked past her after saying this, walking into the water tunnel he had dug for quick escapes in the past, but did not leave yet, glancing back to look at her. After hearing Mugger's words, Lark pointed to the smashed table which she had placed the blood mark upon, telling Mugger that her decision was made a long time ago. Mugger then told her that the next time they met, he hoped it would be under more favorable circumstances. At this they both left, Lark up the ladder and Mugger through his tunnel.
The Desert
It did not take long for Mugger to realize he would need resources and allies for his revenge against the vyres, and so he thought long and hard about how he could win such a prize, seeming as he could find no trace of myreque to contact and join. He eventually remembered his lessons on gods and geography during his time in the order before it crumbled, and his thoughts turned to the goddess Crondis of the menaphite pantheon . He thought that this would be as good a ruse as any to introduce himself into any sort of society, and planned to reveal himself as an emissary to the desert goddess of modesty. Although he only planned this to get into society, he decided the teachings of Crondis were indeed good values to be had, and made the decision to follow her as his god for the time being, deciding to see where it could take him.
A Clever Ruse
Mugger eventually aquired a desert style weapon and shield in methods he was not exactly proud of, but it did the trick. He then swam along the coast in order to reach Menaphos, and did eventually achieve his goal. He marched into the city, the guards kneeled as he walked by, maintaining an appearance that suggested he had a purpose in being there rather than looking sheepish and out of place, thinking him to be the divine aspect of Crondis. He then walked to the palace of the pharaoh, the guards continueing to make way for him. He stopped in her throne room and drew his weapon and shield.
He kneeled immediately after doing so, and stated his intentions to become an emissary of Crondis at the temple of lesser deities in Sophanem. The pharaoh, not at all phased by Mugger's sudden appearance, was instantly wary, she having a paranoia of plots schemed by Amascut the devourer. Debate over this was issued forth between Mugger and the pharaoh, which ended in her still being suspicious; but allowing him to inhabit the temple in Sophanem on the condition that he did not yet begin his teachings of Crondis.
On the inside, Mugger was overjoyed at being able to walk among civilized people again, but he stayed calm on the outside and thanked the pharaoh for her time. He told the onlookers in the room that he would enjoy their company at the temple if they deemed him worthy enough to speak to, and he looked forward to getting to know them all. He then left for the temple in Sophanem. On his way there, it suddenly occured to him that he would have to think of a menaphite name for himself, and felt idiotic that he did not go into the palace prepared for the event if any of them had asked him his name. He eventually decided to choose the name Sobehc. Upon reaching Sophanem, Mugger began to task himself on helping the inflicted of the plagues, with little success, but his efforts were appreciated.
The Pretender
Mugger walked to the palace in Menaphos one day to search the archives of the building for any sacred texts about Crondis. When he arrived, he caught the scent of something horribly familiar , and turned his head to the right to look at the disturbance in close by the garden path. He caught the scent of a man, which was the cause of his distress, and a woman who was speaking to him in the garden. Mugger, after issuing a short call to the woman that she should be cautious, left the two and went to retrieve the books he had come for.
After finding his books, he read them for a while and left the archives. He once more smelled the man's scent and pursued, intent on keeping an eye on him. He took a round about path and eventually found another door leading back into the archives, where he found the woman, who turned out to be named Isis, and the man, who's name was Volechek. Mugger walked past them, and volechek, while Isis was turned around and searching a shelf, remembered the creature from the garden.
Volechek stepped near Mugger to unsettle him, and in an instinctive defensive move, Mugger snapped his jaws as a warning. Volechek, with inhuman speed, rushed forth to grab at a section of Mugger's thick neck that heavily covered his jugular. As if on instinct, the blue flash Mugger experienced in Morytania returned for but a second, as he hurried backwards to get away from the grip that Volechek was attempting, but once again finding everyone frozen in time. As quickly as it had come, the magic disappeared, having only lasted about a second.
Volechek was left confused as to how Mugger evaded him, as just a second ago he had been right in front of him, now a few feet away. Isis had turned on hearing the previous snapping sound of Mugger's jaws, but not to quickly to see Volechek's movement to grab at Mugger's throat. She saw Mugger standing away from Volechek with an expression in his eyes that held a mixture of anger and waryness, and with the previous noise dictating her choice, she quickly told a man named Jabari to arrest Mugger.
Jabari refused, saying he would have to arrest them both if she wanted to arrest one, and Isis dropped the subject. Volechek turned around, saying it was quite alright, looking back at Mugger and saying "no harm done, effendi". Of course Mugger was still as paranoid as ever, and turned and whispered to Jabari that he needed to speak to him in another room. Jabari simply scoffed, not wanting to entertain Mugger's words, and turned, walking out the door. While many of the lower class were happy about Mugger's arival to Sophanem and Menaphos, the upper class was not, since he had come as an emissary of Crondis. Crondis being the goddess of modesty and limitation on luxuries, they viewed Mugger as a threat to their cushy lifestyles. Jabari was no different from the rest.
Mugger was left in the room, worriedly pacing about, his thick claws on his large back feet clacking against the polished marble. Eventually Volechek left, leaving Isis alone in the other room. Mugger came in to speak to her, the expression in his eyes containing an urgent look. Isis heard his footsteps from behind and turned. Upon seeing him she pressed herself against a bookcase in fear, thinking he had come to bite her head off. Mugger spoke quickly and quietly, keeping a respectable distance from her, saying this:
“
Listen! whatever prejudices you have against me, put them aside for but these few moments! That man... that thing... I have smelled his kind before, though I do not know what he or they are; he /is not human/. I have had an encounter with his kind before and it did not end well. Be wary, be ever vigilant, look behind you often, and always keep a dagger on your person. Do not trust him, or events will take a turn for the worst.
”
With that, he turned to leave, and Isis tried to reply but was at a loss for words. Mugger left the palace to head back to Sophanem, and could not sleep that night; his mind too full of worry and fear of events to come.
The Unseen Foe
It was one day that Mugger was in the temple of lesser dieties in Sophanem that a nearly dead soldier from an outlying settlement of the Menaphites came staggering in: ranting about an attack as if he were mad, his words making little sense. The man fell dead to the ground from heat exhaustion, and Mugger was left to wonder what it was all about. Mugger began to prepare at once, aiming to journey to the village the man had come from. It was as Mugger was gathering supplies that a young man named Sabek came into the temple.
The two talked for a short while, and after Mugger told Sabek of his mission to the settlement; Sabek decided to come and help. The two set out into the desert together after Mugger alerted some Sophanem guards to organize a party to join them later. After a walk across the dunes, Sabek and Mugger arrived at the Settlement.
They found a ghost town, not one person was left in the buildings or the streets. There was neither corpses, tracks in the dirt, or blood to be found, and they searched the buildings to find food and drink untouched as if the villagers had suddenly left in the middle of dinner. While searching, Mugger was constantly bothered by an odd scent that only his sensitive nose could catch and Sabek's human sense of smell could not detect. They continued through the buildings, finding nothing. It was later that Mugger finally caught another scent from the empty buildings, and beckoned Sabek to follow him to the source.
They arrived at a building on the outer edge of the settlement, and found a bedroom barricaded off from the rest of the house. Mugger and Sabek ripped away the barricaded door to be greeted by the sight of a young dwarf, huddling in the corner, rocking back and forth while quickly whispering to himself. The dwarf was traumatized, and was ranting in a similar manner as the soldier who had run to Sophanem to seek help. Mugger and Sabek could not get much information from the poor soul, and decided to take him back to Sophanem for healing and rest. It was as they were leaving the village that Mugger was hit by sudden realization: the scent that permeated the village was that of insects.
On the journey back, Mugger quickly ruled out scabarites and kalphites, the scent was completely different from that of both groups, and he was left to wonder what the culprit really was. A day later Mugger went to the palace in Menaphos to report the events of the previous day to the pharaoh. After relating his tale to her and explaining all the details; Mugger and the pharaoh argued about the seriousness of the threat, and in the end the pharaoh refused to pour resources into investigating insects. Mugger, with anger in his heart, replied with this:
“
Do not underestimate a threat just because it seems to be a small one, it has been the downfall of many. There may come a day when this small threat is beyond you or I, and regret will come upon those who did not take action when it was necessary. Right now; there are innocent men, women, and children in those villages who are in danger while you refuse to do anything about it. I will help them even if you choose not to, those people need protection, and if I am the only one who is willing to aid them in their time of need; then so be it.
”
Mugger turned and walked out of the throne room without waiting for reply from the pharaoh. The chief captain of the guard who was standing beside Khaji's throne voiced his admiration for the fire in Mugger's heart, and helped convince the pharaoh to send a small investigation team into the dunes to figure out what was going on after Mugger had left. Mugger returned to the temple of lesser dieties in order to plan out his coming actions against this unknown enemy.
Sabek's Investment
Mugger was in the temple of lesser dieties when Sabek came in, holding a large round object. Sabek spotted Mugger on the other side of the temple reading a book on a table and decided to quickly cover what he was holding; a kalphite soldier egg. Mugger caught the scent of his friend and turned his head to be greeted by the sight of Sabek trying to get an object up the ladder.
Mugger asked Sabek what he was up to and Sabek told him that it was a gift for the priestess of Scabaras so that he could woo her. Mugger stated it smelled of kalphites, and Sabek told him it was the headdress of the priestess's father, who died fighting kalphites. Mugger turned back to his books after telling Sabek he could help him if he wanted him to, but Sabek turned down Mugger's assistance. Mugger was soon interupted from his reading by the clammer of a large object being pussed up the ladder.
After Sabek came back down from the second floor, Mugger told him it sounded a little heavy for a headdress, Sabek replied poorly that the priestess's father was a large man. Mugger, not believing Sabek, told him that honesty was a virtue. Sabek and Mugger debated in a shrewed way for a short few moments, and finally Mugger strode to the middle of the room and went on his tiptoes to look out the second story window; and was greeted by the sight of the kalphite egg.
Mugger returned to his normal height and looked at Sabek with concern. Sabek told Mugger the truth and that he planned to train the kalphite that hatched from the egg to act as a battle companion. Mugger relented, telling Sabek that as long as the egg did not hatch into a queen or a royal guardian that he would allow him to hatch the egg in the temple. As Sabek was about to leave; Mugger told him he should put the egg in the basement where the sun would not fry it, and Sabek did so. They both soon went back to their usual activities, Sabek leaving and Mugger returning to his books.
Wisdom of a Sage
One day while Mugger was reading in the temple, a very old man walked through the doors. Suprised by the large frame of the head priest of Crondis, the man made several quiet remarks to himself. Mugger turned his head and spoke to the old man shortly, still standing at his book table.
The old man was revealed to have elven and human blood, sniffed out by Mugger. It was after Mugger commented on this that the two really began speaking at length to eachother. The man said his name was Roh, and Mugger told him that his name was Sobehc, not revealing his experiment name. At first conversation began with Roh asking questions about the faith of Crondis, and Mugger's religious views on werewolves. It was the topic of werewolves that started the discussions about eachother's pasts.
Mugger invited Roh to sit down with him in quiet corner of the temple which was slightly removed from the rest of the building, where there was a seat that he had made for himself that was large enough for his size. They sat down and Mugger poured water for them both, Roh sitting down in another chair next to the short table they were sitting by. The two hit off quite well, Mugger revealing small bits of his history from Morytania and Roh likewise his past.
Towards end, the talk became more philosophical, and quiet views about the world were exchanged between the two. Mugger eventually had to return to his studies, and excused himself. He told Roh that he was welcome back at the temple anytime, and he would welcome more talks with him in the future. Roh left soon afterwards, telling Mugger he would keep in contact with him.
The Hierophant
Mugger was once more in the temple, tending to the aclove where the shrine to Crondis sat. The newly appointed hierophant (a polytheistic priest that is a jack of all trades when it comes to all the gods of the religion and acts as the median between all the other sections of the clergy) walked in from the street, and was surprised to see the ten foot tall crocodile standing in the temple. The hierophant, named Wadjet, quickly exclaimed her disbelief that Mugger's form had been twisted in the way it had been, as she could tell he was warped, and that he was not a natural being through her studies of magic.
Mugger turned to her, unsure of how to respond to her exclamation, and asked her if he could help her with anything. Wadjet asked him about his past, to which he was hesitant to speak about. Eventually her poking and prodding questions forced him to reveal a bit more, and he gave vague allusions to what has happened in his life rather than detailed descriptions. Along with this, he looked her over, judging her character through her physical condition. He saw she was fit and healthy, and did not squander her body on needless indulgences. After speaking with her regarding this, he stated that Crondis would be proud of her moderation, and that she had his full support for her position as hierophant.
She thanked him on this, and soon more questions came up which made him reveal a bit more about himself. He told her about the pains of his solitude, of how wretched his life had been when he was on his own and the personal grievances he had suffered; little beyond pain and grief, chief among them his slavery at the hands of the vampyres, though he did not reveal that the vampyres were the ones responsible. Wadjet told him that he must have found something meaningful about himself during his long period of loneliness. Mugger responded with this:
“
I found fortitude and endurance, a will to carry on until I found something better, and so I have.
”
Wadjet smiled, happy that Mugger had realized that at least realized that something good came out of it. Mugger in return offered his own smile, and told Wadjet that she should continue her walk across the city to meet the other clergy, who would be eager to meet her. Wadjet thanked him, and told him if there was anything she could do for him he should let her know. He responded that he might need her help on a coming journey he planned, and left it at that. She bode him farewell and exited the temple, leaving Mugger to his duties at the shrine.
Pieces of the Past
Nearly a year since the strange abductions in the desert ceased, Mugger decided it was time to go after something that was left in his old house in Varrock. -More later.
Appearance
He looks like a bipedal crocodile with large muscle mass, his eyes are usually yellowish green but turn red when angered. He stands nearly ten feet tall and is around five feet in shoulder width.
Abilities
His thick scales act as an incredibly strong natural armor, and his thick muscles help turn his arms into living weapons. The claws may be used as blade like weapons, having enough weight behind them to pierce into some of the strongest metals, while blows with his thick fists can dent what his claws cannot pierce. His thick and sharp claws on both his hands and feet, with enough force behind them, can pierce into stone or other structures, allowing him to climb on certain structures that would otherwise be considered impossible to traverse. His jaws are incredibly powerful, and no one would want to be gripped by them. Though the muscles that close the jaws are strong, the ones that open them are very weak; as a consequence of this, it does not take much strength to hold the mouth shut. His large tail can act as an even stronger blunt weapon, able to batter down some of the most fortified barriers.
Chronomancy
An incredibly rare phenomenon in the world of magic, very few beings are known to be able to manipulate the flow of time (few in-game examples are Gypsy Aris and the Qbd). Recent events have triggered the magic potential locked away in the dragon portion that now makes up his blood, but on the initial finding of this gift he has found it incredibly hard to access it again and can only do so in short bursts. He will need to go through a long period of training in order to understand and use this rare gift with any real control over it.
Personality
He believes in justice and at heart is a simple person, accepting his fate and leaving it at that. Though he was raised as a peasant and was not knowledgeable, he is eager to learn most things and absorbs information at an amazing rate, able to understand complex situations after only a short time of it being explained to him. Though once quiet and not much of a talker, his time spent in the public of the Menaphites has boosted his confidence, and he is much more outgoing than he used to be.
Names
Mugger has many different names, a consequence of him forgetting his original name due to the experiments which made him what he is.
Experiment 48: this was the experiment number he was, being the 48th human to be subjected to the cruel tests of the apprentice. This is a label more than a name, and Mugger does not like to ackowledge it.
Mugger: this is the name of the genus of crocodile the blood sample had came from, which was adopted by Mugger as a better name than Experiment 48.
Sobehc: an alias name he uses in the Southern Desert, where he managed to fit into society as an emissary to the goddess Crondis.
Other information
He knows a little about blood magic, flesh sculpture, and the Anima Mundi from returning to the ruins of the experiment lab and reading the notes left by the apprentice, but not enough to really do anything with the information.
Due to the animal he resembles both physically and somewhat mentally, he has an explosive temper and can sometimes be set off quite easily, but he has taken exercises to help him cope; with positive results.
The funeral pyre he built for his wife may hint at him having Fremennik ancestry.
Due to his thick skin; the only places he can really feel anything are around his mouth, on the palms of his hands, and the undersides of his feet.
He is able to lose old damaged teeth and regrow them quickly, much like a real crocodile.
He has an incredible immune system, bacteria and other microbes nearly unable to bother him, poison though can be harmful but he handles it better than most.
He can swallow large chunks of food whole, and his stomach acid is strong enough to melt down bone.
He loves music of nearly any kind, finding appreciation for each note of an instrument or tone of voice.
From recent events, he has grown to hate vampyres to a level that it is almost instinctual, the mere scent of one is enough to anger him.
Trivia
His name is a breed crocodile.
Some inspiration for this character and its exclusion from humanity is derived from Mary Shelley's Frankenstein.
His ability to manipulate time comes from the connection Jas (the Elder goddess sand and progression, who seems to have some link to time) has to the dragonkin, which used their blood to create the dragons. It is speculated that the dragonkin are able to manipulate time, as the first dragon, the Qbd, can do so. Dragons cannot use magic to any great extent, as their bestial body shape and savage nature inhibit whatever gifts their blood may have given them, and the Queen can only cast magic with the aid of trapped souls. Mugger, with his humanoid body shape and intelligence, can access these magical gifts, but must learn to do so.
The menaphite name he gave himself is a reference to the Egyptian crocodile-headed god Sobek .
Media
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What does the word Islam mean? | Meaning of the Word “Islam”
Islam & Peace
Bassam Darwich
Muslim propagandists are nowadays making extraordinary efforts to change the image of Islam by reintroducing it to the Western society as a religion that calls for peace and rejects violence. One of the new theories that they are trying to sell is that the name of their religion Islam implies the meaning of ‘Peace’, which in Arabic is Salam. The grounds for their theory is that both words are derived from the same root in the Arabic language!
While it may be possible to deceive those who do not speak Arabic or those who do not know much about Islam, propaganda like this does not fool someone who knows the Arabic language and the teaching of Islam, a religion that was established by violence and still believes in violence as a principal and as a way of life. The relationships between Muslims themselves and between them and all other nations have always been based on terror and still is. Islam and Salam are two incongruous words that share no common ground either in name or in substance.
In order to find the meaning of a certain word in the Arabic dictionary, it is essential to search for the three letter infinitive verb which is called the root. Many words can be derived from the same root, but they don't necessarily have to have any similarity in their meaning. The word Islam, which means ‘submission’, is derived from the infinitive Salama. So is the word Salam which means ‘peace’ and so is the verb Salima which means ‘to be saved or to escape from danger’. One of the derivations of the infinitive Salama means ‘the stinging of a snake’ or ‘The tanning of the leather’. Hence, if the word Islam has something to do with the word Salam i.e. ‘Peace’, does that also mean that it must be related to the ‘stinging of the snake’ or ‘tanning the leather’?
Muhammad used to send letters to the kings and leaders of the surrounding countries and tribes, inviting them to surrender to his authority and to believe in him as the messenger of Allah. He always ended his letters with the following two words: "Aslim, Taslam!". Although these two words are derived from the same infinitive Salama which is the root of Salam, i.e. ‘Peace’, neither one of them implies the meaning of ‘peace’. The sentence means ‘surrender and you will be safe’, or in other words, ‘surrender or face death’. So where is the meaning of ‘Peace’ in such a religion that threatens to kill other people if they don't submit to it?
On the other hand, the Qur'an and other Islamic books like Al-Hadith and Al-Sira, i.e. the life of Muhammad, are full of evidence which proves that had it not been for violence, Islam wouldn't have existed or wouldn't have survived until today. A good example to mention would be The Wars Of Al-Riddah, i.e. ‘the wars against the apostates’, that began immediately after the death of Muhammad. Feeling relieved by the disappearance of the strong fearful leader Muhammad, the tribes which have been forced to embrace Islam, revolted and began, one after another, to renegade and to refuse paying the taxes imposed on them by the Prophet's government. In response to the revolution, the first Caliph, Abu-Bakr, ordered his army to fight the apostates. It took him almost two years of fighting to force the tribes back into the fold of Islam. These wars were not ordered only by the first Caliph, but they were also instructed by Allah and his messenger Muhammad. The Qur'an states clearly that those who go back from Islam are to be punished by death: "But if they turn renegades seize them and slay them wherever ye find them and (in any case) take no friends or helpers from their ranks. Al-Nisaa 4:89." Muhammad also said, as narrated by Al-Bukhari, "If somebody - a Muslim - discards his religion, kill him."
The Qur'an not only ordered the killing of those who embraced Islam and afterwards decided to renegade, but also commanded the followers to fight all nations until they either believe in it, pay the Jizya or face death:
"Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the last day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and his apostle nor acknowledge the religion of truth of the people of the Book (the Jews and the Christians) until they pay the Jizya with willing submission and feel themselves subdued. Surat At-Tauba 9:29"
And in the same Sura, verse 5, the Qur'an also states: "Fight and slay the pagans wherever ye find them and seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem ..." Now doesn't the image of Islam as a religion of peace sound, after all, a little bit hard to believe? ...
Better educated Muslims agree that "Islam" does not mean "peace" but "submission"
| Deference |
The Chinese New Year has just occurred, what is it the year of? | The Meaning of Islam - WikiIslam
The Meaning of Islam
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Lissan al-Arab, one of the most authoritative lexicons of the Arabic language, mentions that the word 'Islam' is derived from the root verb istaslama (استسلاما); which means 'to submit' or 'give in' or 'surrender'.
Contents
Etymology[ edit ]
The word Islam derives from the Arabic triconsonantal root sīn-lām-mīm (SLM [ س ل م ]). Many different words are created from this root word by inserting different vowels between the three root consonants. Many English speakers wrongly assume that if two Arabic words share the same root word then their meanings are related when in reality the fact that some words share the same root word does not imply a relationship between the meanings of the words. For instance, all of these words are derived from the root S-L-M:
Word
The stinging of a snake or the tanning of the leather
Saleema
To be saved or to escape from danger (when refering to a female)
Saleem
To be saved or to escape from danger (when refering to a male)
Aslam
تسليم
To receive a salutation or becoming submitted
Many people have wrongly attempted to equate the word Islam with peace by showing that Islam, meaning 'submission', shares a root word with Salaam, meaning 'peace'. But if such relationships between the meanings of Arabic words can be created then that would imply that there is a relationship between one of the derivations of the infinitive Salama, meaning the stinging of the snake or tanning the leather, and Salam, meaning peace; a relationship which obviously does not exist.
The Compendium of Muslim Texts , compiled by the USC-MSA, the Muslim Students Association at the University of Southern California, [1] confirms this understanding:
Misconception 1
Islam is `the religion of peace' because:
• the Arabic word Islam is derived from the Arabic word "Al-Salaam" which means peace.
It might seem strange to think of this as a misconception, but in fact it is. The root word of Islam is "al-silm" which means "submission" or "surrender." It is understood to mean "submission to Allah." In spite of whatever noble intention has caused many a Muslim to claim that Islam is derived primarily from peace, this is not true. Allah says in the Qur'an (translated):
[2:136] Say (O Muslims): We believe in Allah and that which is revealed to us and that which was revealed to Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and that which Moses and Jesus received, and that which the prophets received from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we have surrendered. [Arabic "Muslimoon"]
A secondary root of Islam may be "Al-Salaam" (peace), however the text of the Qur'an makes it clear that Allah has clearly intended the focus of this way of life to be submission to Him. This entails submission to Him at all times, in times of peace, war, ease, or difficulty. [2]
Qur'an[ edit ]
Islam is a Deen (Religion)[ edit ]
Today, I have perfected your religion (dīn) for you; I have completed My blessing upon you; I have approved Islam for your religion
Qur'an 5:3
Islam is Submission to Allah[ edit ]
The Religion before Allah is Islam (submission to His Will): Nor did the People of the Book dissent therefrom except through envy of each other, after knowledge had come to them. But if any deny the Signs of Allah, Allah is swift in calling to account.
Qur'an 3:19
Islam is the Religion of Allah[ edit ]
Do they seek for other than the Religion of Allah?-while all creatures in the heavens and on earth have, willing or unwilling, bowed to His Will (Accepted Islam), and to Him shall they all be brought back.
Hadith[ edit ]
…Then he further asked, "What is Islam?" Allah's Apostle replied, "To worship Allah Alone and none else, to offer prayers perfectly to pay the compulsory charity (Zakat) and to observe fasts during the month of Ramadan."
Sahih Bukhari 1:2:48
This letter is from Muhammad, the slave of Allah, and His Apostle, to Heraculius, the Ruler of the Byzantine. Peace be upon the followers of guidance. Now then, I invite you to Islam ( surrender to Allah), embrace Islam and you will be safe”
Sahih Bukhari 4:52:191
While we were in the mosque, Allah's Apostle came out and said, "Let us proceed to the Jews." So we went out with him till we came to Bait-al-Midras. The Prophet stood up there and called them, saying, "O assembly of Jews! Surrender to Allah (embrace Islam) and you will be safe!" "Know that the earth is for Allah and I want to exile you from this land, so whoever among you has property he should sell it, otherwise, know that the land is for Allah and His Apostle."
Ibn Taymiyyah[ edit ]
Islam is to surrender to God, submit to him, worship him, and serve him.....
The difference arises from the fact that Islam is a Din Submission. Din is the iffinitve of ddna, yadinu, which means to submit or to surrender.
The religion of Islam which god has ordained and promulgated through his prophets is to submit to him alone. It is nothing but submission, worship and service to God and him alone. [3]
Ramadan Buti[ edit ]
The theory that our religion is a peaceful and loving religion is a wrong theory [4] [5]
The Holy war as it is known in Islam is basically an offensive war, and it is the duty of all Muslims of every age, when the needed military power is available, because our prophet Muhammad said that he is ordered by Allah to fight all people until they say ‘No God but Allah,’ and he is his messenger [6]
It is meaningless to talk about the holy war as only defensive, otherwise, what did the prophet mean when he said, "from now on even if they don’t invade you, you must invade them." [7]
This page is featured in the core article, Islam and Propaganda which serves as a starting point for anyone wishing to learn more about this topic
References[ edit ]
↑ Religious Texts - Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement, accessed September 29, 2011
↑ Ten Misconceptions About Islam - USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts, Internet Archive Wayback Machine capture dated February 6, 2006
↑ Muhammad Abdul Haq Ansari, ' Ibn Taymiyah Expounds Islam ', pg. 316, Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and Institute of Islamic and Arabic Sciences in America, Washington, U.S.A., 2000.
↑ Dr. M. Sa’id Ramadan Al-Buti - "Jurisprudence of Muhammad’s Biography", Pg. 135, seventh Arabic edition, published by Azhar University of Egypt
↑ Dr. M. Sa’id Ramadan Al-Buti - "Jurisprudence of Muhammad’s Biography", Pg. 73, English edition, published by Azhar University of Egypt (1988)
↑ Dr. M. Sa’id Ramadan Al-Buti - "Jurisprudence of Muhammad’s Biography", Pg. 134, seventh Arabic edition, published by Azhar University of Egypt
↑ Dr. M. Sa’id Ramadan Al-Buti - "Jurisprudence of Muhammad’s Biography", Pg. 242, seventh Arabic edition, published by Azhar University of Egypt
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Who was the first Mayor of Casterbridge in the Thomas Hardy novel? | Thomas Hardy Biography
Thomas Hardy Biography
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Early Years
Thomas Hardy was born June 2, 1840, in the village of Upper Bockhampton, about three miles from the town of Dorchester in Southwestern England. The impressions of his early youth — the people, the events, the surrounding countryside — became part of the subject matter of his "Wessex" novels and stories. The town of Casterbridge itself, for example, is modeled after Dorchester.
Hardy's father was a builder and stone mason and was by no means wealthy. His mother loved reading, and under her care young Thomas was given an ample introduction to the classics, folk songs, ballads, and local stories and legends. Music was also a common feature of the Hardy household. Thomas's father taught him to play the violin, for he himself was violinist in the church choir and often played at parties, weddings, and festivals. Music was a great love throughout Thomas Hardy's life and often figures in his writing. At least three important scenes in The Mayor of Casterbridge involve music.
Education and Apprenticeship
Hardy did not study at a university. His formal education consisted of a year in a village school at Lower Bockhampton and additional private schooling in Dorchester during which he learned French and German. When he was sixteen, his father apprenticed him to a Dorchester architect, John Hicks, where he was taught architectural drawing for the restoration of churches and old houses. Indeed, this association taught him much of local family histories and folklore. When the day's work was completed, Thomas usually undertook advanced Latin studies and the task of teaching himself Greek.
In 1862 Hardy went to London as a draftsman and worked in the office of A. W. Blomfield, an architect. During this time he won a number of prizes for essays, and he began to steep himself in architectural and art studies, classic literature, contemporary poetry, and fiction. In 1867 he returned to Dorchester to a better position as a church-restorer with his former master, and began to write more steadily.
Years as a Novelist (1867-1895)
From this time on, Hardy wrote poetry and novels, though he dedicated himself chiefly to the novel form until 1895. At first Hardy published anonymously, but as interest grew in his work, he began to write under his own name. His novels were published for the most part in serial form in well-known magazines both in England and America. His major novels are:
Under the Greenwood Tree (1872), Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), The Return of the Native (1878), The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), The Woodlanders (1887), Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891), and Jude the Obscure (1895). His works were highly acclaimed (the success of Far from the Madding Crowd enabled him to give up architecture and to marry), but he also encountered literary hostility. Jude the Obscure received such harsh criticism that Hardy gave up the writing of novels entirely.
Years as a Poet (1895-1928)
Hardy retired to his house in Dorchester and there turned to poetry almost exclusively. Before his death he completed over 800 poems and a long epic drama, The Dynasts (1908). His first marriage was not a happy one, but in 1914, two years after the death of his first wife, he married a second time. The remaining supremely happy years of his life were spent in matrimonial devotion and reticent tranquility. The last two decades of Hardy's life were increasingly full of honors.
With the death of George Meredith in 1909, he became undisputed holder of the title of greatest living man of letters, and in 1910 he was awarded the Order of Merit. His house, Max Gate, became a literary shrine, and there he received many visitors from all over the English-speaking world. He continued to publish poetry well into the 1920s, even though he was then over eighty. He died at the age of 87 on January 11, 1928.
| The Mayor of Casterbridge |
Bi is the chemical symbol for which element? | The Mayor of Casterbridge
The Mayor of Casterbridge
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In A Nutshell
Thomas Hardy was an English poet and novelist writing during the late 19th century. Yes, we said "poet" first for a reason: Hardy always thought of himself first and foremost as a poet, even though nowadays he's remembered most for his novels. He started and ended his writing career as a poet, writing all those novels in the middle.
Part of what makes his novels so famous today is that they were ahead of their time in the late 1800s when he was writing. Even though he was writing during what we call the "Victorian" period (i.e., during the reign of Queen Victoria in Britain, 1837 to 1901), critics often consider Hardy's writing to have more in common with the modernist writers of the early 1900s, like Virginia Woolf , James Joyce, and T.S. Eliot . Hardy's novels weren't always well received when he was writing, and two of his last novels, Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure, were actually criticized so harshly for being "immoral" that Hardy stopped writing novels altogether and switched back poetry.
Hardy set many of his novels, including The Mayor of Casterbridge, in a fictional county of southern England that he called "Wessex." The fictional towns, farms, rivers, and forests in Wessex are common to all the "Wessex novels." You can actually find maps that critics and readers have drawn up of Hardy's imaginary county (see the "Best of the Web" section for an example), just like Lord of the Rings fans do for Middle-earth.
The novel follows the fortunes (and misfortunes) of a man named Michael Henchard, who becomes a grain merchant and the mayor of a town called Casterbridge. Unfortunately for Henchard, he made some bad decisions as a young man that come back to haunt him just as things really seem to be looking up for him.
Like most of Hardy's novels, The Mayor of Casterbridge is a tragedy – no matter what the main characters try to accomplish, the fates (or their own flaws) seem to get in the way. The subtitle of the novel, "The Life and Death of a Man of Character," already tells us that Henchard will die at the end. And since this is a Thomas Hardy novel, we're betting that it won't be a happy death.
Why Should I Care?
Have you ever asked yourself why bad things happen in the world? Why people get divorced, good workers lose jobs, poor people get poorer, and gossip ruins innocent people's reputations? Well, you're not alone. Over a hundred years ago, our main man Thomas Hardy was asking these big questions too. In fact, The Mayor of Casterbridge is Hardy's attempt at finding some answers.
Hardy doesn't take the simple way out and just say, "Hey, it was fate!" No way. Hardy doesn't shy away from saying that the bad things that happen to Michael Henchard, the Mayor of Casterbridge, are a result of Henchard's own mistakes. But Hardy seems to suggest that Henchard only made those mistakes because of his character flaws, which he had absolutely no control over.
In the world of The Mayor of Casterbridge, your actions are the unavoidable consequence of your personality, and your personality is something you're born with. You're either born with the ability to exercise self control or you're not. You're either born with a gloomy personality or a happy one.
Think of it this way. Your personality and your actions are like a card game: you're dealt a certain hand of cards, and your actions are limited by that hand. Sure, you can change your hand slightly by drawing from the deck – but only slightly – and then you can still only play the cards in your hand. You can't act in a way that is out of character.
This isn't a very optimistic view of the world. But, hey, no one has ever accused Hardy of being an optimistic guy! Just look at the last sentence of the novel: Elizabeth-Jane's "youth had seemed to teach that happiness was but the occasional episode in a general drama of pain." Man, what a downer.
So, do you buy all this? How much control do people really have over their actions? Do people ever change? Is there truly more pain than happiness in the world? Is life really "a general drama of pain"? Whether you think of yourself as an optimist or pessimist, The Mayor of Casterbridge provides lots of juicy food for thought.
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Who played John Christie in 1960’s film 10, Rillington Place? | 10 Rillington Place (1971) - IMDb
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17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC
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Based on the real-life case of the British serial killer John Christie, and what happened to his neighbours Tim and Beryl Evans.
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Title: 10 Rillington Place (1971)
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Nominated for 1 BAFTA Film Award. See more awards »
Photos
Rillington Place (TV Mini-Series 2016)
Crime
A three-part drama about serial killer John Christie and the murders at 10 Rillington Place in the 1940s and early 1950s.
Stars: Jodie Comer, Tim Roth, Nico Mirallegro
A series of brutal murders in Boston sparks a seemingly endless and increasingly complex manhunt.
Director: Richard Fleischer
A young blind woman is pursued by a maniac while staying with family in their country manor.
Director: Richard Fleischer
An idealistic rookie cop joins the LAPD to make ends meet while finishing law school, and is indoctrinated by a seasoned veteran. As time goes on, he loses his ambitions and family as police work becomes his entire life.
Director: Richard Fleischer
Edit
Storyline
London, 1949. John Christie is an unassuming, middle-aged man who, along with his wife Ethel, lives in the ground-floor flat at 10 Rillington Place. His demeanor masks the fact of being a serial killer. His modus operandi is to act as a person with a medical background, lure unsuspecting women to his apartment on the pretense of curing them of some ailment, knock them unconscious with carbon monoxide gas, gain his sexual release through contact with the unconscious body, then strangle the victim dead before disposing of the body somewhere in the house or outside area. His next intended target is Beryl Evans, a young woman who has just moved into the top flat in the house. Beryl's husband, Tim Evans, is an illiterate man who likes to put on airs. Already with an infant daughter named Geraldine, the Evanses learn they are going to have another baby, which they cannot afford to have, nor can they afford to abort the pregnancy. This problem, on top of the constant issue of lack of money ... Written by Huggo
The true story of John Christie - the serial killer. See more »
Genres:
29 January 1971 (UK) See more »
Also Known As:
10 Rillington place See more »
Filming Locations:
Did You Know?
Trivia
The movie's closing epilogue states: "Christie confessed his crimes and was hanged at Pentonville Prison. Twelve years later Timothy John Evans was pardoned, his body exhumed and reburied in consecrated ground". See more »
Goofs
The caption '1949' appears on the screen as the Evans family come to view the top floor of 10 Rillington Place, but in fact they moved in in 1948. See more »
Quotes
Timothy John Evans : How do you actually do it?
John Reginald Christie : That's something only doctors and myself know about, it has to be secret you understand.
See more »
Crazy Credits
Prologue to opening credits: "This is a true story Whenever possible the dialogue has been based on official documents" See more »
Connections
Referenced in Nekromantik (1987) See more »
Frequently Asked Questions
(derby, kansas usa) – See all my reviews
This British thriller is one of the best films I have ever seen. It tells the story of John Christie, the serial killer whose "career" lasted from the middle 1940's until the early 1950's. The name is taken from the scene of the murders; 10 Rillington Place, Notting Hill, London.
Chillingly portrayed by the great actor Richard Attenborough , Christie was a little mouse of a man who first lured his victims home on some pretext or other, usually by saying that he could perform some desired medical procedure on them, for example, an abortion, which was illegal at the time. Once there, he put them at ease by offering them a cup of tea, deceived them into breathing gas from the pipe, rendering them unconscious, then strangled them. He disposed of the bodies, at first by burying them in the garden, then putting them under the sink in the water closet, and finally by tearing up and replacing floorboards and papering over cupboards.
The primary reasons that Christie was able to do what he did for so long were first of all the war. London was undergoing the blitz, and people had a tendency to disappear during the bombing. Another reason was that he was able to turn the suspicions of the police from him to a not very bright truck driver named Timothy Evans, (played by John Hurt) who was convicted of the death of his baby daughter, and was also suspected in the murder of his wife, but due to English law could only be tried for one or the other of them. He was hanged in 1950. The scene in the film where Evans is hanged is chilling, and quite accurate.
Slow at first and shot on location at the actual scene of the murders, the film shows a dangerous manipulative killer hiding behind a bland, mild exterior. Because he appeared so mild, Christie was all the more terrifying. Attenborough brings this out expertly and the overall effect is very creepy.
This superbly-acted film is British cinema at its' very best.
Cup of tea, anyone?
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| Richard Attenborough |
In the film The Dirty Dozen, which actor played Samson Posey? | 10 Rillington Place (1971)
10 Rillington Place (1971)
by • Movies - 0 to 9 , Movies - 1970s
Based on Ludovic Kennedy’s 1961 non-fiction book of the same name, this film was a sombre, articulate, and chilling dramatisation of the infamous murders in London when John Reginald Christie - a mild-mannered psychotic mass killer - murdered scores of women and buried them under the floorboards and inside the walls of his rooming house at 10 Rillington Place.
After the wrong man, Timothy Evans, was hanged, the furore that surrounded the case was responsible for the abolition of the death penalty in England.
Richard Attenborough gives one of the screen's finest and most subtle performances as the drab landlord who strikes again and again without suspicion and John Hurt is especially fine as the fall guy who goes to the gallows in his place.
Eerie, creepy, and fascinating, with meticulous details and actual locations. Better than any fictitious murder mystery a screenwriter could dream up because it is amazingly true.
The maniac responsible for these sordid events remains dull and unimaginative, just as he was in real life, the victims dim-witted and stupid.
The result is scary, credible, and ultimately ironic, the impact gruesome yet hypnotic.
John Reginald Christie
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In the sitcom Terry and June, what was the title characters surname? | ..: Terry and June :..
Terry and June
By the time the sticom Terry and June was written there has already been six series of Happy Ever After, essentially the same show, but with a different writer, and a messy end off screen if not on, where there were legal wranglings. This came about because the show was popular, and the BBC, never one to relinquish something the audience want, differed in their views with John Chapman who had written HEA and who thought it had come to the end of its natural life. A change of surname, location, and some minor tinkering with the set-up and cast, and Terry and June was born, but to all intents and purposes, it was the same show.
Long before Happy Ever After, Terry Scott and June Whitfield had worked together (on Scott On...), but it was through the 6 series of HEA and 9 of Terry and June that they became associated as a husband and wife team, even though they weren't. In the first episode of Terry and June we meet the Medfords as they move into their new home in Purley, South East London. Here we are reacquainted with Terry, who seemingly in control, definitely isn't and whose childish stubborness generally leads to the mishaps and complications of suburban life that make up each episode of the show, and June, who doesn't seem to be phased by any of the outlandish situations she finds herself and takes them, and Terry, in her stride.
This sitcom is very easy to watch, and regularly received audiences in excess of 10 million, but suffered, like so many of the other comfortable and cosy comedies of the 80s, from the rise of alternative comedy, and a new critical voice that went hand in glove with the movement. The show finally came to a close in 1987 after 9 series, but now 2|entertain have begun releasing it on DVD. The first three volumes, each containing all 6 episodes from the series is now available priced just �15.99. Series 4 is also now available for pre-order on Amazon using the links to the right.
:: Series 1
| Medford |
Which car maker produces the Altea? | Terry and June : definition of Terry and June and synonyms of Terry and June (English)
9 External links
Production
Terry Scott and June Whitfield began their television partnership in Scott On in 1968. [1] On 7 May 1974, a Comedy Playhouse pilot called "Happy Ever After" aired on BBC1 with Scott and Whitfield playing Terry and June Fletcher, a middle-class couple whose grown-up children have just left home. [1] This was commissioned into a series, and five series and three Christmas specials were broadcast, ending on 20 December 1978. [1] John T. Chapman, one of the original writers, said that the programme had run out of ideas and should end. BBC Comedy, however, were unwilling to end a popular show, and so brought in new writers. Legal complications meant that the name and setting had to change, and Terry and June was born. [1] The characteristics of Terry and June remained largely similar. [1] However, the character of Aunt Lucy, a popular ingredient of Happy Ever After, disappeared, as did her mynah bird.
The character of Melinda Spry, Terry and June's neighbour, was originally played by Joan Benham in the 1981 episode "The Lawnmower". Benham died on 13 June 1981, and Terry and June was her last television appearance. She was replaced by Diana King .
The BBC planned a feature-length film, entitled Terry and June - The Movie, but it was never made. [1]
Cast
Joan Benham - Melinda Spry (series 3)
Diana King - Melinda Spry (series 5 to 6)
Roger Martin - Alan Medford (series 2, 3, 5 and 9)
Patsy Smart - Miss Lavinia Dingle (series 7 and 8)
Plot
The series starts as middle-class couple Terry and June Medford prepare to move into 71, Popular Avenue in Purley, London . [2] [3] They are in their late 40s, and have a daughter Wendy, who is married to Roger; both are rarely seen. Terry's nephew, Alan Medford, pays occasional visits when he always causes some form of trouble. Terry is headstrong, and determined, although his plans and schemes normally end in disaster. June meanwhile is patient of her husband, but frequently doubtful about his ideas.
Terry works for "Playsafe Fire Extinguishers and Appliances", and his boss is Malcolm Harris. [4] Malcolm frequently has affairs, and he and his wife Beattie, a friend of June, frequently argue. The owner of Terry's company is Sir Dennis Hodge, a grumpy man who rules the company with a rod of iron (played by Reginald Marsh who played a similar character in The Good Life ). His personal secretary of over 20 years is Miss Nora Fennell, whose fondness for Sir Dennis is not returned.
In the first two series, their neighbours are Brian and Tina Pillbeam. From the third to sixth series, the Medfords' neighbours are Tarquin and Melinda Spry. Terry and Tarquin are frequently competing against each other.
Cars
In the first series,Terry drives a dark navy blue Mk2 Ford Granada . At the start of the second series Terry receives a new company car, a metallic Tara Green Austin Princess (a Series 2 1700HL model, with fake registration NMO 49W). This Princess was not used in the following series as the next model Terry uses is an older Series 1 Brooklands Green 2200HL, but still with the fake and now incorrect registration. In the 1984 season Terry keeps his "Wedge" theme with the updated Neutilus Blue Austin Ambassador . In the 1986 season, however, Terry goes back to Ford and drives a metallic red Ford Sierra . In the last season he switches to a briefly seen Mk3 Ford Granada .
Episodes
Terry and June first aired on 24 October 1979. It ran for a total of 65 episodes, with nine series and four Christmas Specials. The last episode aired on 31 August 1987.
Criticism
The show was generally regarded by critics as the epitome of the bland middle-class sitcom, of the kind which had almost disappeared from the schedules by the new millennium. Despite this the show attracted large viewing figures, typically attracting significantly larger audiences than the alternative comedy programmes with which it was contemporaneous, some of which frequently lampooned the show. In 2004, it came 73rd in Britain's Best Sitcom , jointly with Happy Ever After .
DVD releases
All nine series and four Christmas Specials, have been released on DVD in Region 2.
DVD Title
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The Citigo is manufactured by which car maker? | Skoda Citigo review | Autocar
Skoda Citigo review
Prices and specs
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The Skoda Citigo is the Czech car maker’s rebadged and subtly restyled version of the Volkswagen Up and Seat Mii city car. It shares its engines, gearboxes, underpinnings and chassis components with its more premium VW-badged sibling and rival, so, setting aside the badge differences, how do you distinguish a Citigo from an Up?
There are some minor styling tweaks – notably to the front-end treatment, the shape of the front headlamps and the rear side-window. The Citigo’s finned grille set in a chrome-plated frame is a scaled-down version of that seen on the MissionL concept car, and shows the stylistic way forward for the Czech marque’s ever-expanding range.
Editor, Autocar
The Citigo, along with its siblings, is a good city car and surprisingly easy to live with
Engine-wise, there are effectively two petrol offerings, one with 59bhp and the other with 74bhp. Both produce 70lb ft of torque from the naturally aspirated, all-alloy, 12-valve unit and come with a five-speed manual gearbox, although an automated sequential gearbox is available. Greentech versions are also offered, which deliver marginal improvements in efficiency thanks to lowered suspension, low rolling-resistance tyres and other minor upgrades.
Safety equipment includes a head-thorax side airbag – a first in any Skoda , let alone the smallest one – and the City Safe Drive (CSD) brake assist system. At speeds up to 19mph, CSD uses a laser sensor to automatically slow the car if it senses there is a danger of a collision.
As for the other standard equipment found on this small city car. The entry-level S models come with steel wheels, two speakers, electronic stability control, CD player, and manually operated windows and mirrors. Upgrade to the SE and you'll find air conditioning, electric front windows and remote central locking, while the sportier-looking Monte Carlo comes with 15in alloys, lowered suspension, a portable infotainment system - including sat nav, Bluetooth and a trip computer, and a four speaker audio system.
The range-topping SE-L models get 14in alloy wheels, heated front seats, electrically adjustable mirrors, and leather trim on the gearbox gaiter, handbrake and steering wheel.
The Citigo is willing and peppy to drive, well engineered and ticks all of the car-about-town boxes. In 74bhp form, the three-pot, 999cc engine is quite refined and, as well as its urban prowess, feels capable of handling motorway cruises without any fuss.
The light-but-precise electro-hydraulic power steering reinforces the sensation that this is a fairly agile car that's easy to guide in and out of traffic. The Citigo's low- and medium-speed ride, however, isn't as outstanding as that of the related Volkswagen Up . Lower-end versions on 14in steel wheels cross uneven town surfaces with noticably less comfort and finesse than the most refined cars in the class.
In the less-powerful 59bhp Skoda Citigo, the powerplant sounds harsher and doesn’t cruise along with the same willingness as the 74bhp version. Still, both cars offer decent fuel economy, with the 59bhp car returning a claimed 62.8mpg on the combined cycle while emitting 105g/km of CO2, while the 74bhp version offers 60.1mpg and 108g/km.
In terms of layout, the cabin is sensibly thought-out, with all the controls in logical positions and easy-to-use switchgear. Taking centre-stage on the dashboard is a removable 5.0in multimedia device that can be used for navigation, as a hands-free phone or on-board computer, and is integrated into the car’s audio system. Some hard plastics on the dashboard, however, provide a reminder that this is a low-cost machine.
Despite that, the cabin is a pleasant place to be, with more width than you’d consider possible when you survey the Skoda Citigo’s svelte dimensions from the outside. There’s enough rear legroom for adults of medium height to sit line astern, but a pair of six-footers might struggle for space, particularly on longer trips.
Boot space is 251 litres – good by small car standards and enough to accommodate the weekly grocery shop – and grows by an extra 700 litres when the rear seats are lowered.
The Citigo shows its town car credentials with a number of practical and clever storage ideas in the cabin. The boot gets two stowing nets, the dashboard’s glovebox handle features a bag hook (perfect for a handbag, which hints that Skoda hopes the car will particularly appeal to a female market) and there’s even a clip on the centre console to hold a photograph of your nearest and dearest.
If you’re in the market for a small but practical city car, the Skoda Citigo is without doubt worthy of consideration. In terms of fuel economy and low running costs alone, the Citigo will be a competitive proposition, but unlike many of the Czech brand's other models, it seems to lack originality - as well as the highly developed dynamic feel of its Volkswagen sister car .
To find out what our sister site, What Car? thought of the Skoda Citigo, watch the video below.
| Skoda |
Who currently coaches England’s women team? | Skoda Reviews | Top Gear
Skoda Reviews
Top Gear’s guide to: Skoda
The evolution of this once jokey badge continues apace, with a range of cars so adept they make it increasingly hard for the rest of the Volkswagen empire to stay ahead of what is supposed to be the budget badge of the group. If you’re still unsure, think on this: Skoda customers are the most satisfied people on earth.
Found 8 results
Superb Estate
£21,010 – £36,930
Skoda’s kept all of what we loved about the old Superb (size, space, value) and added updated interior tech and a genuinely stylish body. Verging on genius
8/10
Well thought out, versatile and thoroughly decent family estate. Difficult to criticise on any level.
8/10
Fabia
£11,100 – £18,375
Highly commendable in nearly every way, but the lack of pizzazz means it’s not our class leader.
8/10
£8,440 – £11,335
Skoda offers it in a very pretty green. There’s your reason to not buy a Mii.
Editor’s choice
Bigger and better than ever, the Superb offers a whole lot of car for the cash.
8/10
Kodiaq
£21,310 – £34,655
A Top Gear award winner in 2016, and rightly so – Skoda’s big crossover is all things to all families.
7/10
£17,030 – £27,925
It’s very good. But, let’s face it, wouldn’t you rather just buy a Golf?
Editor’s choice
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Brazil are hosting the next World Cup but who is their coach? | World Cup 2014: The inside story of what went wrong for Brazil against Germany - and identity of their new coach - Telegraph
Brazil
World Cup 2014: The inside story of what went wrong for Brazil against Germany - and identity of their new coach
Tite, the former coach of Sao Paulo club Corinthians, is already being lined up as Luiz Felipe's Scolari's replacement
Distraught: The fall-out from Brazil's 7-1 humiliation by Germany is only just beginning Photo: GETTY IMAGES
Luiz Felipe Scolari's future as Brazil coach has been called further into question as more detail has emerged as to how he appeared to shockingly lose the plot ahead of the disastrous World Cup semi-final against Germany .
Henry Winter's World Cup final Hangout
Scolari is expected to be sacked after Saturday's Third and Fourth Place Play-Off in Brasilia against Holland - with genuine fears that Brazilians fans might actually boycott the match or those who do attend may turn it into a disenchanted protest against the Selacao and the tournament as a whole.
The former coach of Sao Paulo club Corinthians, Tite, is already being lined up as Scolari's replacement, although there have been suggestions that Felipao might try to cling on to his job until the end of the year.
Related Articles
Scolari is an arrogant jerk, says Neymar agent
10 Jul 2014
However, the backlash against him has become increasingly angry with Scolari having apparently changed his team selection and tactics at 11am on Wednesday - just six hours before kick-off in Belo Horizonte - much to the astonishment of the players.
Brazil had trained with three powerful midfielders in Luiz Gustavo, Fernandinho and Paulinho to try and combat the strength of the formidable German midfield of Bastian Schweinsteiger, Sami Khedira and Toni Kroos.
But then Scolari shocked his players by changing his line-up - bringing in the diminutive winger Bernard and leaving out Paulinho and attempting to attack the Germans. It is understood Brazil did not even try this formation in training and Bernard's inclusion, plus the persistence with the out-of-form striker Fred, left some players bewildered.
The Brazil players in a heated debate after defeat to Germany. AP
There were further changes that unbalanced the team with Scolari having to include central defender Dante as a replacement for suspended captain Thiago Silva, even though the Bayern Munich player has barely featured for club and country in the last three months.
This also meant that David Luiz, who probably also should not have been chosen as captain, had to switch across to the left-hand side of the centre of defence, where he is far less comfortable. He struggled.
But it was the complete failure to try and match up to the German midfield which was most puzzling, especially with Bernard's inclusion. The 21-year-old is undoubtedly talented and Scolari may have felt that playing him at home - he is from Belo - might inspire him, Brazil and the supporters but it played into Germany's hands.
The tactics were suicidal, particularly given they had not been practised, with most commentators assuming Scolari would include the more combative Willian.
Scolari has cut a broken, distraught figure in recent days with the criticism of Neymar's agent Wagner Ribeiro that the 65-year-old coach was "an old jerk, arrogant, repulsive, conceited and ridiculous". Neymar later distanced himself from his agent's comments but stopped short of endorsing Scolari to carry on.
There are also real concerns that Saturday's game in Brasilia against the Dutch could take place before a half-empty stadium and with the Brazilian team being barracked. If that does happen it would seal Scolari's fate.
It seems very unlikely he will be allowed to carry on in any case with a real appetite for change after the World Cup. Tite, aged 53, is the favourite to take over having led Corinthians to the Copa Libertadores and Fifa Club World Cup (when they beat Chelsea) double in 2012. He has been out of work since leaving Corinthians last December and is understood to be keen to take over and will also institute a change of style.
--
Mick Jagger was in attendance at the World Cup semi-final between Argentina and Holland at the Corinthians Arena in Sao Paulo although he attempted to cut a low-profile figure by pulling a baseball cap firmly over his head.
The Rolling Stone was also at Brazil's semi-final defeat to Germany in Belo Horizonte the previous evening and faced something of a social media backlash as he was labeled a footballing curse because of the shocking 7-1 result.
Brazilians dubbed him "pe frio" ("cold foot"), meaning a jinx, because his presence was blamed for such a disastrous effect on their team. Jagger attended the matches with son Lucas whose mother Luciana Giminez is Brazilian.
In 2010 Jagger supported the United States - who lost to Ghana, England who lost to Germany and Brazil who lost to Holland in the quarter-finals. Jagger proved a jinx for the Dutch this time round as they lost the penalty shoot-out but it was also another result that went against Brazil given it took their fierce rivals Argentina to the final which represented their worst nightmare.
--
One Argentinian deemed not good enough for the country's World Cup squad is goalkeeper Willy Caballero who has nevertheless been signed by Manchester City from Malaga on a three-year deal. The arrival of the 32-year-old should set an alarm bell ringing for first-choice goalkeeper Joe Hart whose position is now under real threat from the man who kept goal at the Spanish club for City manager Manuel Pellegrini.
The Chilean has been adamant that he wants real competition for the goalkeeper's spot with Hart having lost his place last season, for a while, to under-study Costel Pantilimon although there was no real faith at the club that he could remain as No 1. Hart returned but he has clearly not convinced.
Caballero is a different case. He made it plain to City during talks that he wanted the chance to challenge Hart and not just come to warm the bench and that will happen. He will be given the chance to replace Hart. There is also real concern at City that Hart has stalled in terms of his development and maturity - he had a poor World Cup also - especially given, at 27, he can no longer be classified as a young goalkeeper.
| Luiz Felipe Scolari |
Who played the role of Ashley Wilkes in Gone With The Wind? | Brazil football team - Mirror
Football
Brazil football team
Neymar and co. host the World Cup this summer and go looking for their record sixth win under Big Phil Scolari. Familiar names like Kaka and Robinho have been ditched in favour of a younger squad looking to become the Selecao's new golden generation.
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Who wrote the novel A Town Like Alice? | Nevil Shute Foundation—Title
"A Town Like Alice/The Legacy"
Review by Darci Evans
Nevil Shute is a classical author for any time period. He was born in 1900 and based his writing on his life occurrences. Early on, Shute was earning his living as an aeronautical engineer, doing stress calculations. His job became an incentive, with his writing becoming second priority, and suffering because of it. There is a gap in his publications spanning the Depression years of 1932-1937, during which time he founded Airspeed in the airship industry, which took up a majority of his time. Once Airspeed ceased to occupy all of his energies, Shute once again turned to writing. In 1938 when he published Kindling, Shute deviated his writing style from that of his earlier works. He escaped the standard subjects of drama; using his experiences raising capital for Airspeed through stocks and bonds, and experimenting with his own cures for England’s economic problems. Up to this point, he had not produced any memorable works, but he was learning to use his own experiences for background and his character development skills were blossoming. In the 1940's he began writing his "war novels", all penned under British censorship, with an undeniable patriotism. He continued using the war as subject matter well into the 1950's, when he abandoned it altogether. His next works, dubbed the "anti-war set" by Richard La Ven a literary critic, imparts the fact that Shute had the opportunity to travel to India, Burma, the Dutch East Indies, and Australia. His world augmented and here his works took on a multitudinous luster more often associated with Shute.
The divergent novels Shute has written makes placing him in a time period arduous. A Town Like Alice appears to be a war novel on the surface, being published in 1950, but it was written when he was presumably doing some traveling in southeast Asia and Australia. The level and depth of his writing in Alice shows that he was indeed learning to draw upon his own experiences to create critically acclaimed works.
Alice would most appropriately conform to the genre of the sociological novel. The book portrays a community and how it deals with the changes due to world conflicts. In the post World War II aftermath, Jean Paget was quite anxious to escape from Malasia back to England, never thinking she would ever again see this place that held the multitude of horrible memories she now possessed. When she inherited a legacy, that all transfigured and she decided to thank the small village that took her and the other women in by digging them a well in the village's center. Little did she know at the time, but she would never return back to her home in England. Soon the little village had a well in the center instead of three miles away, and many other developments, compliments of Jean. It was here that she learned of Joe Harmon still alive and working in the outback. After some confusion, she joins him in Willstown where he works on a station in the outback. Jean, after having experienced the luxuries of Alice Springs on her way to Willstown, decides to start a shoe factory like the one she worked for in England. One thing leads to another, and suddenly there is an ice cream parlor, a hairdresser, a cinema, a pool house, a rec center, and a swimming pool. In the meantime, she in engaged to Joe, but they are delaying marriage until Jean's business in town is stable and capable of running in her absence. The effect of Jean's keen business sense and determination brought about a new resolve for Willstown as it prospered, bringing new people. Among those included ranch hands and women, who in the past, left Willstown for towns with more to offer.
Nevil Shute offered innovation in may of his novels. With each new work, he developed his skills to fabricate a novel more improved than the one preceding it. In A Town Like Alice, Shute allows a woman to be the eagle-eye entrepreneur to renovate a small one-horse town in the outback. In a time period when women were viewed as homemakers and mothers, Shute uses the strong will of a determined and competent female to develop a town that may have otherwise eventually dried up like the swollen creek of the wet season in an Australian dry spell.
I liked this book, from the beginning of the Japanese Death March to Noel Strachan's tears as his aeroplane circled after taking off to get on course, and [he] saw the new buildings and bright roofs of the Gulf town for the last time (p. 276). Jean Paget is an inspiring character to not only women, but to all people. Her courage in the face of the Japanese sergeants, her determined leadership and strength to nurse her ailing troop of women and children back to health, and communicate their intentions to the Japanese guards watching over them, is unmatched compared to any standards.
In the words of Joe Harmon, A Town Like Alice is a bonza novel.
Copyright MMI - MMXVI Nevil Shute Foundation
| Nevil Shute |
Which member of Abba is not Swedish? | Nevil Shute Book List - FictionDB
Literary
Nov-2010
When Henry Warren, director of an English bank, lands by chance in a hospital in a bleak Northern town that has been ruined by the closure of its shipyard, he discovers nothing less than a new purpose for his life. Moved by the fate of the town’s i...
General Fiction
Aug-2010
Nevil Shute wrote this prophetic novel just before the start of the Second World War. In it he imagines the devastation that results from an aerial bomb attack on Southampton that destroys the city's infrastructure and leaves the inhabitants at the m...
General Fiction
Jun-2002
Book annotation not available for this title.Title: The SeafarersAuthor: Shute, Nevil/ Telfair, Dan/ Milgram, ShoshanaPublisher: Lightning Source IncPublication Date: 2002/05/01Number of Pages: Binding Type: HARDCOVERLibrary of Congress: ...
General Fiction
Jun-1985
Genevieve is a converted French fishing boat, manned by British officers and a small crew of free French ex-fishermen, armed only with a flame-thrower and a few arms. They carry out their daring attack on German boats off the Brittany coast....
General Fiction
Feb-1985
A young man with a chequered past, has been told he has just one year to live. He decides to use his time in search of three very different men he met briefly during the war: a snobbish British pilot, a young corporal accused of murder, and a GI accu...
General Fiction
Mar-1977
Philip Stenning was grateful to the man who's saved his life, grateful enought ot change his identity and become part of a daredevil prison escape, grateful enough to risk being caught in the cneter of a family crossfire. But Philip Stenning wasn't ...
General Fiction
Mar-1977
When Johnny Pascoe attempts to rescue a sick girl from the Tasmanian outback, his plane crashes. Ronnie Clark, who was trained by Pascoe, endeavors to fly a doctor in to help, but this proves more difficult than he imagined. Clarke revisits the past ...
General Fiction
1971
Jennifer fled the drab monotony of post-war London. When she landed in Australia, it was like coming home. She loved it and when she met Carl, she had every reason to stay. But the two of them came from quite different worlds, and it is the story ...
Science Fiction
Jun-1967
A BOOK TO READ. A BOOK TO READ AGAIN. A TERRIFYING PROPHECY. A REASON TO ACT NOW. The last generation... innocent victims of an accidental war, living out the last days, making plans that will never be carried out, making do with what they hav...
Literary
Jun-1955
"The Breaking Wave "is one of Nevil Shute s most poignant and psychologically suspenseful novels, set in the years just after World War II. Sidelined by a wartime injury, fighter pilot Alan Duncan reluctantly returns to his parents' remote sheep stat...
Literary
1949
Nevil Shute's most beloved novel, a tale of love and war, follows its enterprising heroine from the Malayan jungle during World War II to the rugged Australian outback. Jean Paget, a young Englishwoman living in Malaya, is captured by the invadin...
Beyond the Black Stump
General Fiction
Stanton Laird comes to the Australian outback to search for oil. There he meets and falls in love with Mollie. However cultural differences between Stanton and Mollie's world force the two lovers to make difficult decisions....
In the Wet
General Fiction
Drunk and delirious, an old man lies dying in the Queensland bush. In his opium-hazed last hours, a priest finds his deserted shack and listens to his last words. Half-awake and half-dreaming the old man tells the story of an adventure set decades in...
Landfall
General Fiction
"Grips the reader . . . The story has pace and excitement, unforced sentiment and wholly unaffected gaiety." - "Times Literary Supplement" "He knows how to build a story mounting page by page in suspense . . . a thriller if ever there was one, and a...
Lonely Road
General Fiction
A rich middle-aged man finds his lonely life turned upside down when he falls in love with a pretty dance hostess and becomes involved in exposing a conspiracy to sabotage the British General Election. His dogged pursuit of the criminals will throw h...
Marazan
General Fiction
After Philip Stenning is involved in a near-fatal plane crash, he feels he owes a debt of gratitude to the man who rescued him. His mysterious saviour is an escaped convict, and his determination to help him leads Stenning into a tense and dramatic a...
No Highway
General Fiction
When a passenger plane crashes in unexplained circumstances, Theodore Honey, a shy inconspicuous aircraft engineer with eccentric interests in quantum mechanics and spiritualism, must convince his superiors that his unorthodox theories are correct be...
An Old captivity
General Fiction
"Keeps you pegging away, page after page, unwilling to put the book down." - "New York Times" "Mr. Shute knows how to pick astonishing stories and how to keep them moving on non-stop tracks." - "New Republic" "Excellent entertainment, varied and un...
Pastoral
General Fiction
During WWII, Peter Marshall’s crew becomes one of the most successful bombing teams on their Oxfordshire airbase. When Peter falls in love with a young WAAF officer, his concentration begins to suffer and it looks as though his perfect run of m...
Pied Piper
General Fiction
One of Nevil Shute s most exciting novels, "Pied Piper" is the gripping story of one elderly man's daring attempt to rescue a group of children during the Nazi invasion of France. It is the spring of 1940 and John Sidney Howard wants nothing more tha...
Requiem for a Wren
General Fiction
Alan Duncan returns to Australia after the war and several years of study in England. But his homecoming is marred by the mysterious suicide of his parents’ quiet and reliable parlour-maid. A search through her belongings in search of clues leads t...
Round the Bend
General Fiction
"On the fields and farms of England, on the airstrips of the desert and the jungle, in the hangars of the Persian Gulf and on the tarmacs of the southern islands, I have walked and talked with God." --"Round the Bend" When Tom Cutter hires Constanti...
Ruined City
Thriller
Henry Warren ends up in a hospital in a Northern town ruined by the closure of its shipyard. Moved by the fate of the town’s inhabitants, Warren risks his fortune and reputation to save the shipyard and restore the town....
Slide Rule
General Fiction
Nevil Shute was a power and a pioneer in the world of flying long before he began to write the stories that made him a bestselling novelist. This autobiography charts Shute’s path to his career. The inspiration for many of the themes and concerns o...
So Disdained
General Fiction
When Peter Moran picks up a man on the roadside while driving through a bitter rainy night, he embarks upon an adventure that will lead him into treasonous international plots, flying adventures and tests of both his bravery and loyalty....
Stephen Morris
General Fiction
'Stephen Morris' and 'Pilotage' are linked novellas of the pioneer days of flying and also the first that Nevil Shute wrote. Not discovered until after his death, the reflect strongly personal elements of the thrilling and eloquent style of writing t...
Trustee from the Toolroom
General Fiction
When his sister's boat is wrecked in the Pacific, Keith Steward becomes the trustee for his little niece. In order to save her from destitution he has to embark on a voyage in a small yacht in inhospitable waters....
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Which many headed monster was slain by Hercules? | Hydra - definition of hydra by The Free Dictionary
Hydra - definition of hydra by The Free Dictionary
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/hydra
1. Greek Mythology The many-headed monster that was slain by Hercules.
2. Astronomy A satellite of Pluto.
3. A constellation in the equatorial region of the southern sky near Cancer, Libra, and Centaurus. Also called Snake2.
4. A persistent or multifaceted problem that cannot be eradicated by a single effort.
[Middle English Idra, from Latin Hydra, from Greek Hudrā, Hydra, a water serpent; see wed-1 in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.]
hy·dra
(hī′drə)
n. pl. hy·dras or hy·drae (-drē)
Any of several small solitary freshwater hydrozoans of the genus Hydra and related genera, having a cylindrical body and a mouth surrounded by tentacles.
[New Latin Hydra, genus name, from Latin Hydra, Hydra; see Hydra.]
hydra
(ˈhaɪdrə)
n, pl -dras or -drae (-driː)
1. (Animals) any solitary freshwater hydroid coelenterate of the genus Hydra, in which the body is a slender polyp with tentacles around the mouth
2. a persistent trouble or evil: the hydra of the Irish problem.
[C16: from Latin, from Greek hudra water serpent; compare otter]
Hydra
(ˈhaɪdrə)
n
(Classical Myth & Legend) Greek myth a monster with nine heads, each of which, when struck off, was replaced by two new ones
Hydra
(ˈhaɪdrə)
n, Latin genitive Hydrae (ˈhaɪdriː)
(Astronomy) a very long faint constellation lying mainly in the S hemisphere and extending from near Virgo to Cancer
hy•dra
(ˈhaɪ drə)
n., pl. -dras, -drae (-dri) for 1–3, gen. -drae (-dri) for 4.
1. (often cap.) a water monster of Greek myth having nine heads, each of which, if cut off, grew back as two.
2. any freshwater polyp of the family Hydridae, having a cylindrical body with a ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth.
3. a persistent or complex problem that presents new obstacles even as existing ones are overcome.
4. (cap.) the Sea Serpent, a southern constellation extending through 90° of the sky.
[1325–75; Middle English ydre < Middle French < Latin < Greek hýdrā water serpent; compare otter ]
hy·dra
(hī′drə)
Any of several small freshwater polyps having a simple cylindrical body with a mouth-like opening surrounded by tentacles. The young develop from eggs or from buds.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
| The Hydra |
If you ate the fruit of a Malus tree what would you be eating? | Monster slain by Hercules • Mordo Crosswords - Crossword Puzzle Answers
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This time, we got the following crossword puzzle clue: Monster slain by Hercules that also known as Monster slain by Hercules dictionary. First, we gonna look for more hints to the Monster slain by Hercules crossword puzzle. Then we will collect all the required information and for solving Monster slain by Hercules crossword . In the final, we get all the possible answers for this crossword puzzle definition.
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Serpent with many heads;
Many-headed monster slain by Hercules;
Freshwater polyp;
Target of Herculess second labor;
Try this 5 letters Solution : HYDRA
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Spanish Bayonet and Adam’s Needle are types of which household plant? | ��ࡱ� > �� S U ���� R �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ` �� � bjbj�� e �� �� � �� �� �� � � � � � � � � � @ @ @ @ L � \ � t t t t t O O O � � � � � � � $ h z � � � - " O � � � � t t � � � � � ^ � t � t � � � � � � � � � t h �(���� @ I F � � , 0 \ � � : � � � � O L � 6 � � , � � O O O � O O O \ � � � � � � � � | � � � � | � � � � � � � � � ���� Spanish Bayonet Yucca filamentosa Introduction Adam�s Needle is a slow growing native plant found scattered through the woods in the southeastern United States. Leaves appear as though they have been shaved because leaf margins bear curved, filamentous threads of leaf tissue. The leaf terminates in a sharp spine. Plants stay small, growing no more than about 3-feet-tall. In summer a tall, showy flower spike emerges from the center of the plant and displays prominently for several weeks. General Information Scientific name: Yucca filamentosa Pronunciation: YUCK-kuh fill-luh-men-TOE-suh Common name(s): Adam�s Needle Family: Agavaceae Plant type: shrub USDA hardiness zones: 7B through 10 Planting month for zone 9: year round Origin: native to Florida Uses: specimen; naturalizing; border; accent; attracts butterflies Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the plant Description Height: 3 to 15 feet Spread: 3 to 4 feet Plant habit: round Plant density: moderate Growth rate: slow Texture: coarse Foliage Leaf arrangement: alternate Leaf type: simple Trunk/bark/branches: usually with one stem/trunk; Leaf margin: terminal spine Leaf shape: linear Leaf venation: parallel Leaf type and persistence: evergreen Leaf blade length: 12 to 18 inches Leaf color: green Fall color: no fall color change Fall characteristic: not showy Flower Flower color: white Flower characteristic: spring flowering Fruit Fruit shape: oval Fruit length: 1 to 3 inches Fruit cover: dry or hard Fruit color: brown Fruit characteristic: suited for human consumption Trunk and Branches not particularly showy Current year stem/twig color: green Current year stem/twig thickness: very thick Culture Light requirement: plant grows in part shade/part sun; plant grows in the shade Soil tolerances: alkaline; sand; acidic; loam Drought tolerance: high Soil salt tolerances: good Plant spacing: 36 to 60 inches Other Roots: not applicable Winter interest: no special winter interest Outstanding plant: plant has outstanding ornamental features and could be planted more Invasive potential: not known to be invasive Pest resistance: no serious pests are normally seen on the plant Use and Management Adam�s Needle can be used as a specimen to accent an area in the landscape. Its striking texture will draw attention. It has also been planted in mass on 3- to 4-foot centers to form a ground cover effect. Locate the plant 3 to 4 feet back from the edge of a walk or patio to prevent getting injured from the spine at the tip of the leaves. Adam�s Needle grows in its native habitat in well drainedsoils in mostly sunny locations. It tolerates partial shade well, provided enough air circulates to keep the plant on the dry side. There is a variegated cultivar called �Variegata� that has light yellow stripes along the margins. Pests and Diseases No serious pests effect the plant if its cultural requirements are met. by Edward F. Gilman # $ % 2 � > J � � c j � � ; N � � � � � � ' 9 � � � � ������������������������������ h�$T hnt� hnt� 6�h�v hnt� #j hnt� hnt� 5�UmH nH uhnt� hnt� 5�hnt� hnt� 5�CJ aJ # $ 2 � � ' T r � � � � � > � � � � � � � ; � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � gdnt� � � � � � � � ! 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| Yucca |
Who was Hitler’s private secretary between 1943 and 1945? | Yucca aloifolia
Common Names: Spanish bayonet, dagger plant Family: Agavaceae (agave Family)
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This impressive clump of Spanish bayonet thrives in the hostile environs of a dry dusty bait shop parking lot in Woodville, Florida.
Description
Spanish bayonet has an erect trunk, 3-5 in (7.6-12.7 cm) in diameter, reaching up to 5-20 ft (1.5-6.1 m) tall before it becomes top heavy and topples over. When that happens, the tip turns upward and keeps on growing. The trunk is armed with sharp pointed straplike leaves each about 2 ft (0.6 m) long. The young leaves near the growing tip stand erect; older ones are reflexed downward, and the oldest wither and turn brown, hanging around the lower trunk like an Hawaiian skirt. Eventually the tip of the trunk develops a 2 ft (0.6 m) long spike of white, purplish-tinged flowers, each blossom about 4 in (12.7 cm) across. After flowering, the trunk stops growing, but one or more lateral buds are soon formed, and the uppermost becomes a new terminal shoot. Any other buds become branches, but these are usually few, and the plant has an open, airy habit. Spanish bayonet also produces new buds, or offshoots, near the base of the trunk, forming a thicket. There are several cultivars available, including 'Marginata' with yellow margined leaves and a variety (var. draconis) with a branching trunk and wider, recurved leaves.
Spanish bayonet is similar to Spanish dagger or mound lily ( Y. gloriosa ) but the latter can be recognized by its more branched, interlaced habit which creates an overall moundlike appearance, and by its leaves which are: bluish-green instead of dark green; less rigid, tending to bend downward at the middle; wider and longer; and with smooth instead or rough margins.
Location
Spanish bayonet, Yucca aloifolia, is native to coastal areas, including sand dunes, shell mounds and shorelines, from North Carolina to Mexico and in the West Indies. It is widely cultivated and naturalized throughout much of the southern US.
Culture
Spanish bayonet will flourish in full sun with light, sandy soil. Light: Prefers full sun but does well in partial sun. Moisture: Drought tolerant Hardiness: USDA Zones 8 - 11. Propagation: By seeds, root cuttings, and offsets
The Spanish bayonet's pure white spires explode into flowers against a summer sky just in time for the fourth o' July.
Usage
Use Spanish bayonet as an accent behind beds and borders. Plant them in a cluster in a sunny corner of the landscape where they will have room to tumble over and start new plants from offshoots. Place Spanish bayonet in the background, where people and pets won't be skewered! Spanish bayonet may be the ultimate in "security plants" - it can be planted beneath windows and other access points where its fiercely pointed leaves will prevent passage of all interlopers human and otherwise.
Features
Even in the background, Spanish bayonet commands attention with its dramatic spikes of white flowers and handsome saberlike foliage.
Warning
They don't call it Spanish bayonet because it's named after Señor Bayonet! The tips of the leaves are pointed and sharp! Do not plant Spanish bayonet near walkways, patios or in areas frequented by children and pets. This plant can inflict painful puncture wounds even through heavy clothing!
Steve Christman 03/07/97; updated 07/05/98; 10/23/99; 12/6/99, 06/30/01, 2/19/04
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Appointed Feb 1942, Who was Minister for War Production and Armaments? | Nuremberg Trial Judgements: Albert Speer | Jewish Virtual Library
Nuremberg Trial Judgements:
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Speer is indicted under all Four Counts. Speer joined the Nazi Party in 1932 . In 1934 , he was made Hitler's architect and became a close personal confidant. Shortly thereafter he was made a Department Head in the German Labour Front and the official in charge of Capital Construction on the staff of the Deputy to the Fuehrer, positions which he held through 1941 . On 15th February, 1942 , after the death of Fritz Todt , Speer was appointed Chief of the Organisation Todt and Reich Minister for Armaments and Munitions (after 2nd September, 1943 , for Armaments and War Production). The positions were supplemented by his appointments in March and April, 1942, as General Plenipotentiary ,for Armaments and as a member of the Central Planning Board, both within the Four Year Plan. Speer was a member of the Reichstag from 1941 until the end of the war.
Crimes against Peace
The Tribunal is of opinion that Speer's activities do not amount to initiating, planning, or preparing wars of aggression, or of conspiring to that end. He became the head of the armament industry well after all of the wars had been commenced and were under way. His activities in charge of German Armament Production were in aid of the war effort in the same way that other productive enterprises aid in the waging of war, but the Tribunal is not prepared to find that such activities involve engaging in the common plan to wage aggressive war as charged under Count I or waging aggressive war as charged under Count II .
War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity
The evidence introduced against Speer under Counts Three and Four relates entirely to his participation in the slave labour programme. Speer himself had no direct administrative responsibility for this programme. Although he had advocated the appointment of a General Plenipotentiary for the Utilisation of Labour because he wanted one central authority with whom he could deal on labour matters, he did not obtain administrative control over Sauckel. Sauckel was appointed directly by Hitler under the decree of 21st March, 1942, which provided that he should be directly responsible to Goering , as Plenipotentiary of the Four-Year Plan.
As Reich Minister for Armaments and Munitions and General Plenipotentiary for Armaments under the Four-Year Plan, Speer had extensive authority over production. His original authority was over construction and production of arms for the OKH. This was progressively expanded to include naval armaments, civilian production and finally, on 1st August, 1944, air armament. As the dominant member of the Central Planning Board, which had supreme authority for the scheduling of German production and the allocation and development of raw materials, Speer took the position that the Board had authority to instruct Sauckel to provide labourers for industries under its control and succeeded in sustaining this position over the objection of Sauckel. The practice was developed under which Speer transmitted to Sauckel an estimate of the total number of workers needed. Sauckel obtained the labour and allocated it to the various industries in accordance with instructions supplied by Speer.
Speer knew when he made his demands on Sauckel that they would be supplied by foreign labourers serving under compulsion. He participated in conferences involving the extension of the slave labour programme for the purpose of satisfying his demands. He was present at a conference held during 10th August and 12th August, 1942, with Hitler and Sauckel at which it was agreed that Sauckel should bring labourers by force from occupied territories where this was necessary to satisfy the labour needs of the industries under Speer's control. Speer also attended a conference in Hitler's headquarters on 4th January, 1944 , at which the decision was made that Sauckel should obtain " at least 4 million new workers from occupied territories " in order to satisfy the demands for labour made by Speer, although Sauckel indicated that he could do this only with help from Himmler.
Sauckel continually informed Speer and his representatives that foreign labourers were being obtained by force. At a meeting on 1st March, 1944, Speer's deputy questioned Sauckel very closely about his failure to live up to the obligation to supply four million workers from occupied territories. In some cases Speer demanded labourers from specific foreign countries. Thus, at the conference 10th-12th August, 1942, Sauckel was instructed to supply Speer with "a further million Russian labourers for the German armament industry up to and including October, 1942." At a meeting of the Central Planning Board on 22nd April, 1943, Speer discussed plans to obtain Russian labourers for use in the coal mines, and flatly vetoed the suggestion that this labour deficit should be made up by German labour.
Speer has argued that he advocated the reorganisation of the labour programme to place a greater emphasis on utilisation of German labour in war production in Germany and on the use of labour in occupied countries in local production of consumer goods formerly produced in Germany. Speer took steps in this direction by establishing the so-called " blocked industries " in the occupied territories which were used to produce goods to be shipped to Germany. Employees of these industries were immune from deportation to Germany as slave labourers and any worker who had been ordered to go to Germany could avoid deportation if he were to work for a blocked industry. This system, although somewhat less inhumane than deportation to Germany, was still illegal. The system of blocked industries played only a small part in the over-all slave labour programme knowing the way in which it was actually being administered. In an official sense, he was its principal beneficiary and he constantly urged its extension.
Speer was also directly involved in the utilisation of forced labour as Chief of the Organisation Todt. The Organisation Todt functioned principally in the occupied areas on such projects as the Atlantic Wall and the construction of military highways, and Speer has admitted that he relied on compulsory service to keep it adequately staffed. He also used concentration camp labour in the industries under his control. He originally arranged to tap this source of labour for use in small out of the way factories; and later, fearful of Himmler's jurisdictional ambitions, attempted to use as few concentration camp workers as possible.
Speer was also involved in the use of prisoners of war in armament industries but contends that he only utilised Soviet prisoners of war in industries covered by the Geneva Convention.
Speer's position was such that he was not directly concerned with the cruelty in the administration of the slave labour programme, although he was aware of its existence. For example, at meetings of the Central Planning Board he was informed that his demands for labour were so large as to necessitate violent methods in recruiting. At a meeting of the Central Planning Board on 30th October, 1942, Speer voiced his opinion that many slave labourers who claimed to be sick were malingerers and stated: " There is nothing to be said against SS and Police taking drastic steps and putting those known as slackers into concentration camps." Speer, however, insisted that the slave labourers be given adequate food and working conditions so that they could work efficiently.
In mitigation it must be recognised that Speer's establishment of blocked industries did keep many labourers in their homes and that in the closing stages of the war he was one of the few men who had the courage to tell Hitler that the war was lost and to take steps to prevent the senseless destruction of production facilities, both in occupied territories and in Germany. He carried out his opposition to Hitler's scorched earth programme in some of the Western countries and in Germany by deliberately sabotaging it at considerable personal risk.
Conclusion
The Tribunal finds that Speer is not guilty on Counts One and Two , but is guilty under Counts Three and Four .
| Albert Speer |
Which Admiral was responsible for restoring the German navy between 1939 and 1943? | war and social upheaval: World War II -- NAZI Armaments Minister Albert Speer
NAZI Chief Architect and Armaments Minister: Albert Speer (1906-81)
Figure 1.--Albert Speer fundamentally transformed the German war, providing the Whermacht the Panzers and equipment to have one last summer offensise to defeat the Red Army. Here Speer(right) is with Hitler (center) and OKW Chief Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel (left) in April 1943, as the Germans were preparing fot the deciding battle on the Eastern Front--Kursk. We are not sure who the other officer is. This was a Waffenvorf�hrung (weapons demonstration). Source: Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1971-016-25. Photographer Heinrich Hoffman.
Albert Speer came from a prominant Mannheim family with progressive ideas. His father was a respected architect and Speer folowed in his father's footsteps. Speer was not one of the unemployed and dispossed who flocked to the NAZI banner. He was, however, mesmerized with Hitler and the NAZI message of national revival. He first heard Hitler in person at a gatering of university students (1931). Hitler took an interest in Speer because of a shared interest in architecture. Amd Speer did not disappoint as he helped to expertly craft NAZI rallies, first with a cathedral of light. He would become with his appointment as Armaments Minister, the single most important figure in the NAZI war effot (1942). He proceeded to rationalize German war production. Germany had a smaller resorceand industrial base than all the contries the F�hrer decided to make war on and whay they had was being poorly used. He kept production going in the face of escalating Allied strategic bombing. Many World War II experts credit him for keeping Germany in the War for 1-2 years longer than would have otherwise have been possible. This meant as a result, the death of hundreds of thousands, probably more than a million people and widespread destruction of Germany and occupied countries. Ironically, Speer probably had a more significant impact on the War than the more ideolically committed top NAZIs. As far as I know, he was not involved in the Holocaust. It is unclear how much he knew, but in his memoirs he made it clear that he chose not to know. [Speer] His conviction as a war criminal relates to the heavy use of slave labor brutalized by the SS to keep the German war machine going. The Nuremberg Tribunal sentenced him to 20 years in Spandau prison by the Nuremberg tribunal. After serving his sentence, he published the autobiographical Inside the Third Reich (1970) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries (1976).
Parents
Albert Speer came from a conservative prominant Mannheim family, Albert and Luise Speer, with liberal ideas. His father was a respected architect and Speer folowed in his father's footsteps. His father was a political liberal with conservative leanings. Hedis not discuss politics with Albert much, primarily because Albert was not interested. He was concerned about the threat of Communism and though the Social Democrats to radical. His primary concern about the NAZIs at first was that they were too socialistic. His mother secrerly joined the NAZI Party at about the same time Albert did, impressed by their discipline after observing a SA parade. [Speer, p. 47.]
Childhood
Albert Speer was born in Mannheim (1906). He was the second of three sons. Albert and his brothers had a very comfortable upper-middle class upbringing, but affection and warmth was lacking. Speer in his memoirs describes little of a intimate relationship with his parents. The boys had a nanny and giverness. They lived in a virtually palatial apartment. Speer recalls the wonderful crystal chandelier. Many rooms were off limits to the boys. They even had to use the small back entrance and not the grand front entance. Albert was not as healthy or robust as his brothers. They and their playmates made it clear that they looked down on Albert as a result. This apparently shaped his character, building in him the drive to suceed. Their mother insisted that they always be smarty dressed, especially when taken out by their French governess. [Speer, p. 31.]
Education
Albert and his brothers went to a toney private school instead of a Volkschule (state primary school). He would have begun his studies just before the onset of World War I (probably 1912). Attending a private school was a departure from standard practice. Germany state schools had very high standards and even well-to-do Germans commonlyb sent their children to state schools. In fact even Franklin Roovelt two decades earlier spent a few months in a Volkschule. This signals the family's high social status. Albert then went on to a public secondary school (Oberrealschule). This was an academically rigorous German secondary school preparing students for the university and emphasizing modern languages and natural sciences rather than Latin or Greek as was the casw in the gymnasiums. Albert at first had trouble ajusting to the more rough and tumble environment of a public school. Speer p. 32.] He excelled in mathematics, but was at first less interested in other subjects. It was while in Oberrealschule that he met the young lady that he was to marry. They decided at an early point that they would marry after he completed his secondary studies. It is at this point that he began to make more effort in his studies. His unversity studies were in architectural studies, beginning at the Institute of Technology in Karlsruhe (1923). This was not a very pretigious university, but because of the spiraling infaltion, the family was having money problems. He had an interest in mathematics, but partly to please his father and help out in the family business, he pursued architecture. Here is father did not insist, but provided a logical assesstment convincing Albert that this would be the best course of action. Albert did additional studies at the Universities of Munich and Berlin. He transferred to Munich (1925) as the economy was recoveing. At the Technical University of Berlin, he studied under Heinrich Tessenow, whom he greatly admired
World War I (1914-18)
Albert was a boy during the War. He would have heard it mentioned at school. The family like all Germans were affected by the war-time shortages, especially food shortages. The family moved to their summer home, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, in Heidelberg where they could grow some of their own food. As an older boy he would have been aware of Communist attempts to seize power which must have been discussed in family circles. Albert showed, however, no interst in politics, even as a teenager.
Marriage
Speer's girlfriend from an early stage was Margarethe Weber (1905�87). He began began courting Margarete (Margret) Weber (1922). Her fatgher was a successful craftsman overseein a shop with 50 workers. Speer's mother was not impressed with the Weber family. The Webers had no social standing. Albert simply ignored his parents on the matter. They contemplated marriage from an early point in their relationship. Margarethe patiently waited for him to complete his university studies. They married (1928). It would, however, be 7 years before Albert's mother invited Margarethe to stay. They had six children, Albert (1934), Hilde, Fritz, Margarete, Adolf (1940)--later renamed Arnold, and Ernst (1942). he children had a happy childhood. The war and NAZI war crimes were outside their experiences. They were thrilled by the trips to Obersalzberg and the dranatic Alpine landscape. They recalled trips up the mountain to the Berhof and watching American Mickey Mouse films with Eva Braun. Speer was a doting father, altough after he became armaments minister was away from home a great deal. The idelic childhood of course changed with the end of the War. Arnold thought that 'war criminal' was his father�s new profession. They secretly exchanged letters in prison. Speer after his release was unable to reestablish his relationship with the children, even with his Albert. They had been close and Albert had followed the family profession. Hilde writes, "One by one my sister and brothers gave up. There was no communication." [Sereny, pp. 664�65.]
NAZI Party (1931)
Speer was not one of the unemployed and dispossed who flocked to the NAZI banner. He was, however, mesmerized with Hitler and the NAZI message of national revival. He first heard Hitler in person at a gathering of university students. Hitler carefully tailored his speeches to the audiences. He joined the NAZI Party (January 1931). Speer came to believe that Hitler and the NAZIs could deal with the Communist threat and restore the standing of the German Empire that he saw as deteriorating under the Weimar Republic. He like many other Germans did not join the Party because he believed that Hitler would kill Jews and Slavs, establish a dictatorship, or launch another War. If Hitler had clearly stated these things, he would never had aschieved power. By this time the Party was growing. We are not sure just how Speer developed a personal relationship with Hitler. The social standing of the Speer family surly must have been a factor. Hitler took an interest in Speer because of a shared interest in architecture. And Speer did not disappoint.
Pre-War Positions (1933-39)
Speer's first big assignment was to craft NAZI Party rallies. This was first done quickly with a 'cathedral of lights' for which expensive facilities were not needed. But with access to state funds, monumental facilities could be built to stahe NAZI extravaganzas. Speer quickly proved his worth by his efficient and creative staging of NAZI pagents. He designed both monuments and decorations, as well as expansive parade grounds at Nuremberg. Here a a party congress was held and captured on film by Leni Riefenstahl (1934). The resulting film, ' Triumph of the Will ' is one of the most stunning propaganda films of all time. Hitler considered himself as both an artist and architect. He chose Speer, at the time an unknown young architect, to design a monumental stage setting for the Party Rallies . Speer worked with Ludwig Ruff. Hitler was pleased with what they produced. The Nuremberg rally that Speervhelped stage became the archetype of future NAZI public rallies as spectacles. They included impressive architectual backdrops, largee enthusiastic crowds, the absence of any discent, uniformed marchers including Hitler Youth children (boys and girls), striking lighting effects, marshal music, and fluttering banner and flag displays directed by Speer. As a result, of this initial colaboration, Speer went on to become one of the most influntial of the top NAZIs. Hitler appointed Speer Inspector General of the Reich. This was an incedible opportunity for a still young, inexperiebced architecht to pursue his youthful architectural ambitions. Hitler saw in Speer an 'architect of genius' that would build a new Berlin suitable for the new world order he was constructing. The first projects were the Reich Chancellery in Berlin and the Party palace in Nuremberg. Speer prepared grandiose designs for the new Berlin, but with the outbreak of the War, construction had to be delayed and of course never completed. His massive designs, however, survived. Some underground construction tool place.
Inner Circle
Speer became one of the most loyal members of Hitler's Nazi regime. The loyalty was more to Hitler persomally than the party. He was an important member of Hitler's small inner circle. The family (Margarete and the children) would hobnob with other top NAZIs and invited notables Albert Speer and his wifewere frequent visitors at the Berghof. They like pther top NAZIs had their own house a short distance down the road toward Berchtesgaden. Hitler awarded Speer the NAZI Golden Party Badge of Honor (1938).
Early-War Activities
With Kristalnacht (1938), the NAZI assault on Jews intensified (November 1938). This included both phsical attacks as well as the seizure unfer various guises of Jewish property. Speer's office assumed control of the apartments belonging to Berlin Jews evicted by the NAZIs. Speer's office did not evict the Jewish owners, but it did become responsible for allocating the properties to new owners (1939). This continued for some time. The first transports to the East followed 2 years later (1941). Again Speer did not handle this, but he must have wondered whatvbhappwned to all those Jews who had once lived in the vacated apartments he was allocating to suitable new owners.
Armaments Minister (1942)
Hitler gave Reichmarschal G�ring enormous economic powers. G�ring in the run up to the War increased weapons production, but primarily by increasing allocations. He did not make any major changes to prepare for a long war of attrition. And Hitler in the glow of the great victories in the West began to dismantle important weapons programs. This changed when Barbarossa failed to destroy the Red Army and the Wehrmacht not only found itself mired in a long life-and-death struggle in the East, but Hitler also added the United States with its huge industrial power to Germany's adversaries. Hitler as the War began to go against Germany realised that major steps were needed to increase arms profuction. He turned to Albert Speerr, making him, Minister of Armaments (1942) and subsequently gave him authority to fundamentally rationalize the German war economy (1943). Speer became with his appointment as Armaments Minister, the single most important figure in the NAZI war effot. He proceeded to make administrative changes that greatly increased the efficency of the German war economy. Had these cahanges been made earlier, Germany may well have succeeded in the East. As it was, the cahanges kept German field armies supplied duringbtghe second half of the War. Germany had a smaller resorceand industrial base than all the contries the F�hrer decided to make war against. Having taken on the Soviet Union and America while still at war with Britain, there was no way that Germany could match the material output of its adversaries. Not only did Germany face an Allied coaltion with geater capabilities, but Germany's more limited industrial capacity was being poorly used. Speer did make needed changes that allowed Germany to increase production and maintain it untill late-1944 despite battlefield defeats and the massive Allied strategic bombing campaign. Speer had enormous power, but of course was subbordinate to the F�hrer. NAZI Gaulitiers would go around him to get authorization from Hitler for pet projects. And Hitler did not share Speer's views on labor policy. Speer backed the the appointment of SS-Gruppenf�hrer Karl Hanke, Gauleiter of Lower Silesia, as a labor director. Hanke was apparently willing to expand the use of German labor with policies like increasing the use of women in the work force. Hitler influence by Martin Bormann who often opposed Speer, decude on Fritz Sauckel. Sauckel rejected the widespread use of German women and rather turned to forced and slkave labior from the occupied East. Brutak methods were used to seize them because few volunteered and their working condituins wee often even more harrowing, Speer kept production going in the face of spiraling German reverses and the Allied strategic bombing. By this time Speer became Armaments Minister, German production was increasingly dependent on forced and slave-labor. This meant that Speer became personally involved with slave labor, the extent of his involvement he managed to hide after the War at the Nuremberg IMT Trials. Many World War II experts credit him for keeping Germany in the War for 1-2 years longer than would have otherwise have been possible. This meant as a result, the death of hundreds of thousands, probably more than a million people and widespread destruction of Germany and occupied countries. Ironically, Speer had a more significant impact on the War than the more ideolically committed top NAZIs. As far as I know, he was not involved in the Holocaust. It is unclear how much he knew, but in his memoirs he made it clear that he chose not to know. [Speer, p. ] His arrest and trial as a war criminal relates to the heavy use of slave labor brutalized by the NAZI state, especially the SS, to keep the German war machine going.
Final Months of the War (January-May 1945)
Speer by the final moths of the War was out of a job. Thanks to the Allied strategic bombing campaign, Germany no longerbhad an armaments industry for Speer to oversee. Hitler at the end of the War ordered that the infrastructure that survived the bombing to be destroyed as the Allied forces entered the Reich, the same burnt earth strategy persued by the Soviets. It was issued as the Western Allies were crossing the Rhine and the Red Army began closing on Berlin. His armies shattered and German cities vast piles of rubble, even Hitler realised he had lost his War--although he blamed the failure on the German people rather than himself. Hitler order the Wehrmacht and NAZI authorities to destroy Germany�s infrastructure so that there would be nothing left of value when the Allies occupied the defeated Reich (March 19, 1945). The order has become known as The Nero Order after the Roman Emperor who was accused of burning Rome. Of course this meant that the German people would suffer even more, but Hitler's attitude was that the German people had failed him and did nor deserve to survive the War. The official order was titled 'Demolitions on Reich Territory' (Befehl betreffend Zerst�rungsma�nahmen im Reichsgebiet). Hitler explained the Order without admitting that the War was lost, " It is a mistake to think that transport and communication facilities, industrial establishments and supply depots, which have not been destroyed, or have only been temporarily put out of action, can be used again for our own ends when the lost territory has been recovered. The enemy will leave us nothing but scorched earth when he withdraws, without paying the slightest regard to the population." Fortunately for the German people, who were already living in the shambles of bombed out cities, one official, Armaments Minister Albert Speer, was apauled. He insuisted on being given full resposibility for carrying out the order, but actuall not only refused to execute the order, but actively intervened with Whermacht commanders who while willing to destroy cities in the East, were less disposed to do the same in the Reich. It was virtually suicidal to openly defy the F�hrer, but Speer began a series of delays and stalling tactics. Hitler was unaware of this for some time. Speer's enemies in the bunker reported this to Hitler. Speer flew into Berlin to see Hitler one last time in the F�hrer Bunker (April 23). Speer was expecying to be arrested and shot. Hitler did not, however, bring up the issue, but Speer thinking it might mean his arest and execution did bring it up. Hitler who had great affection for Speer apparebntly had lost interest in the issue. Speer writes, "During the last months I had hated him at times, fought him, lied to him, and deceived him, but at this moment I was confused and emotionally shaken. In this state, I confessed to him in a low voice, to my own surprise, that I had not carried out any demolitiions but had actually prevebnted them. For a moment his eyes filled with tears. But he did not react. Such questions, so important to him only a few weeks before, were now remote." [Speer, p.606.] Hitler was clearly no longer concerned withnhis NeromOrder. His thoughts by this time were increasingly focused on the end and suicide.
Nuremberg IMT Trials (1946)
Speer was charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal (IMT) (1946). He was not connected with the Holocaust planning and killings, but as Armaments Minister he was charged with employing forced laborers and concentration camp prisoners in the German armaments industry. The inmates worked underapauling, brutal conditions and died in the hundreds of thousands. The General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment, headed by men like Fritz Sauckel (1942-45) organized the 'recruitment' of the workers. The care and treatment of the forced and slave labor was the responsibility of the SS, especially the Wirtschafts und Verwaltungshauptamt (WVHA). Speer would have had intensive dealings with noth agencies. He claims to have done what he could to ameliorate comditions for these captive workerts. We are not yet sure tonwhat extent hevactually did this. His IMT testimony was notable because he was the only defendant to accept responsibility for the horrendous crimes of the NAZI regime, including his activities and those of his subordinates. It is unclear to what extent this wa a clever defense tactic or respresented true atonement. Given his heavy involvement in slave labor in which hundreds of thousand of men, women, and youthn perishred, there was a high liklihood that Speer would be sentenced to death. Many of his colleagues like Sauckel did receive the death penalty. What ever his motovation, his defense worked. The IMT sentenced him to 20 years imprisonment. Which he seved out to the day in the Berlin Spandau prison.
Spandau (1946-66)
Speer secretly began writing his memoirs while confined at Spandau.
Later Years
Speer after serving his sentence, published the autobiographical Inside the Third Reich (1970) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries (1976). Inside the Third Reich was a best-selling memoir. In it he described himself as a technician unconcerned with politics. This was not true, as by the time he joined the NAZI Party he had become somewaht concerned with politics. It is probably true, hoever that is primary concern from the beginning was architecture. , but he still took responsibility for his role in aiding the Nazis, and expressed his regret at having done so. Again, he assumed responsibility for those actions beyond his immediate control, and expressed regret for his inaction during the slaughter of the Jews. Letters to the children were secretly transmitted and became the basis for Spandau: The Secret Diaries. Speer died in London (1981).
Critics
Sources
Breloer, Heinrich. Finnish television producer. Prepared a documentary on the Speer family and interviewed some of the children.
Sereny, Gitta. Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth (Knopf: 1995).
Speer, Albert. Inside the Third Reich (Avon, New York, 1970), 734p.
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Who played Andy McNab in the BBC dramatisation of Bravo Two Zero? | BBC NEWS | Entertainment | McNab best-seller to become film
McNab best-seller to become film
Sean Bean played Andy McNab in the TV film Bravo Two Zero
The BBC is making Andy McNab's best-seller Boy Soldier into a film after securing the rights to the book.
Its sequel Payback, also co-written with Robert Rigby, has been acquired as part of the deal.
The children's books are the first in a series of four about Danny and his struggle to join the army.
Former SAS soldier McNab's best-selling book Bravo Two Zero, based on his experiences in the Gulf War, was made into a TV film starring Sean Bean.
The soldier-turned-author left the SAS in 1993 as the most decorated soldier in the British Army at the time.
The real identity of McNab, which is not his real name, is kept secret and whenever he appears on television his face is always hidden in shadow to disguise him.
'Fantastic thriller'
After writing the non-fiction book Bravo Two Zero he then turned his hand to fiction, penning more than 10 novels.
He and writing partner Rigby are currently adapting Boy Soldier for the film version.
Rigby is a TV scriptwriter who most notably works on children's drama Byker Grove. Boy Soldier and Payback have sold more than 110,000 copies since they were published in 2005.
"We are delighted to be renewing our relationship with Andy after Bravo Two Zero," said David Thompson, head of BBC Films.
"Boy Soldier is both a fantastic thriller and a moving story of the relationship between a boy and his grandfather.
"The project also represents BBC Films' commitment to make more ambitious films for wider audiences."
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Who wrote The Little House on the Prairie? | More About Andy McNab
More About Andy McNab
Daily Telegraph (15 June 1997)
Gulf author in war of words with ex-wife
By Alastair McQueen
ANDY McNab, the SAS Gulf War veteran and best-selling author, has been accused by his ex-wife of making "silly and ridiculous" legal attempts to stop full publication of her book Married to the SAS.
McNab, the commander of the ill-fated patrol Bravo Two Zero, has written two books about his time in the SAS and fought the Ministry of Defence for the right to publish the second, Immediate Action. Now his third wife, Frances Nicholson, has written her account of life married to an SAS man and McNab has taken legal action to stop certain passages being included.
After a year of letters from his solicitor, her publisher John Blake has now agreed to remove the passages to ensure the book is published. Mrs Nicholson, 38, said she thought it ironic that a man who fought in the courts over his own book had tried to ban parts of hers.
She said: "The man who fought the Ministry of Defence for the right to publish has put every obstacle in my way. Some of the things he wanted removed are ridiculous. But he made no secret of the fact that he could afford to fight all the way through the courts to stop me. His attitude to my book became very silly in the end. He is very, very protective of his image as the great British hero. Even if I had written the Bible he would have objected."
According to Mr Blake, McNab claimed that the name he writes under was a trademark which Mrs Nicholson could not use, but backed down after she threatened to use his real name, which he believed would endanger his life.
He said: "We have had a year of legal letters between his lawyers and ourselves. He has tried very, very hard to stop it. I have been very disappointed at his attitude. Before all this, like everyone else in the country, I regarded him as a national hero."
In the book, Mrs Nicholson tells how she frequented bars in Hereford, where the SAS is based, to pick up members of the regiment. She said: "I don't know if he is upset because I slept with people he was serving with. It is hard living in a small place like Hereford when your husband has left you and you see him going round with his new girlfriend and you are left with a child. So you think about tit for tat."
Tomorrow, Mrs Nicholson, who is now married to an American soldier and lives in the United States, will begin a round of interviews in Britain.
McNab was unavailable for comment yesterday. But his lawyer, David Hooper, of Biddle and Co, said: "We have pointed out the dangers of publishing defamatory material. The book, as originally written, was in our view defamatory. Far from trying to suppress the book we agreed with the publisher changes which would not result in Mr McNab having to take action against them. We took the view that prevention was better than cure."
Daily Telegraph (8 October 1998)
'We don't go around killing all the time'
His third wife claimed that SAS men were sex maniacs... so what is Britain's most famous trained killer like in the flesh? Petronella Wyatt finds out
I AM gazing out of the window, searching the faces in the street for that of Andy McNab, the former SAS soldier turned best-selling author. I have no idea what to look for. Photographs of McNab, which is not his real name, are always blacked out. This is because of the "unofficial threat" from the friends and families of people he has killed.
Will he be tall or short? Ugly or handsome? Loud, or with an urgent quietude? Will his figure resemble that of a Chippendale or will it have been emaciated by the privations of war? If anything, the man in most of the doctored photographs appears rather fierce, with a growth of beard and the fuzzy hair peculiar to redheads.
Suddenly, the door opens and a pale young man who has been loitering downstairs for the past few minutes bursts in. He is clean shaven, his eyes are as blue as Anatolian waters. The hair is not red but black. He grins at me.
Oh, God. It occurs to me he is a hired assassin. He is going to "take me out" and then wait for McNab. But this is McNab. "Those photos don't do me justice," he laughs. "And I hadn't shaved when they did them."
He sits, flexing his whippet-lean legs. "I tell you, it's great to be famous - and at the same time to be able to go down to the pub without anyone recognising you."
The whole thing started, in traditional English-style, with a cock-up. If McNab and his patrol had not met with disaster in the Gulf War in 1991, he would never have written his account of the mission, Bravo Two Zero, the book that nudged him along the path to wealth and notoriety.
"We were supposed to be disabling Scud missiles, when we were spotted by this shepherd boy," he recalls. "Well, you can't go around killing children, it would give you a bad press. So we got caught instead."
Their cover blown, three of the patrol were killed. McNab was captured and tortured for six weeks. This would have broken most men, but it was the making of him. He was awarded the DCM.
Bravo Two Zero was followed by Immediate Action, McNab's no-holds-barred autobiographical tale of life in the SAS, which the Army tried to ban, and Remote Control, a thriller, also frowned upon by the MoD. At 38, McNab now moves between France and the United States, where he vets action film scripts for authenticity.
"I guess I projected the SAS into the nation's consciousness," McNab admits. "And in a pretty controversial way."
There had been military memoirs before his, of course, but they were written by members of the officer class (including General Sir Peter de la Billière, former commander of the SAS and British forces in the Gulf war). The official reaction to Bravo Two Zero was extremely hostile. According to newspaper reports, he was banned from his regimental base.
"It was a hypocritical class thing," he says, examining his nails. Indeed, McNab insists that it was "the establishment" that suggested he write Bravo Two Zero in the first place. "They wanted someone to set the record straight about the abortive Scud missile mission, but then the whole success of the book got out of control. They were amazed by the sales and they got frightened."
At this point, I suggest to McNab that I am sceptical that he wrote his first book solely as a favour to "the establishment". Surely financial gain played a not inconsiderable part as well? He smiles affably. "Yes, of course it did. I was getting older and you can't stay in the Army for ever. I wanted security and the good life, I've wanted that all my life."
Like the ace working-class spy Sidney Reilly, Andy McNab was born on the wrong side of the blanket. He was brought up in Peckham by adoptive parents: he says he has no desire to know his real mother and father. His natural mother apparently left him on the steps of Guy's Hospital in London, wrapped in a carrier bag.
McNab grew up on the streets, and joined gangs at a young age. When he was eight, he witnessed his first death. Another young gang member was killed falling through a roof. Hardened by this experience, McNab went on to steal - everything from car radios to cheque books.
He was sent to a detention centre, where he sobered up and decided on an Army career. "I hated detention. Really hated it. I thought there was only one way I was going to get out of my miserable life and that was by joining the Army. Also, the ads at the time were great - real James Bond stuff."
McNab was posted to Northern Ireland. He was 19 when he first killed a man, a terrorist in South Armagh. What did it feel like?
"It was very exciting for a 19-year-old," he enthuses, as if recalling the first time he had sex. "There was the adrenalin rush and the thought of the credibility it would bring. Then there was the soft toilet paper."
Toilet paper? "What I mean is, I got to stay in Ireland. And in Ireland they gave you soft toilet paper, which they didn't in England.
"There is a misconception, though, that we go around killing people all the time. You only shoot if they are in a position to shoot at you. It's defensive. You have to protect your group." McNab speaks of death in a voice that drifts coolly through the air like cigarette smoke; he seems almost completely unmoved by the subject. He joined the SAS in 1984 after a gruelling series of training courses. His career cannot have done much for his personal life: indeed, he has three failed marriages behind him. His first, to Christine, went, as he puts it, to "ratshit". He left his second wife, Debbie, by jumping out of the window. Why did he do that? "Because I couldn't get out of the door. It was locked."
He has an 11-year-old daughter by his third marriage to a pretty blonde, Frances Nicholson. But the child was not enough to keep the relationship together. After their divorce, Nicholson wrote a book about their life. She claimed that SAS men were sex maniacs who beat up their wives.
I try to imagine myself being in love with McNab but find it hard. Although he is undoubtedly good looking, his is the gaudy glamour of a prancing animal without a soul.
Are you a sex maniac? I ask. He considers this. "No more than anyone else. Look, SAS people are fit young men. Obviously they attract women. It's like being a member of a football team."
The ancient Greeks said that battle made them feel horny. Was this true? "Nah. After a fight, I just wanted to get drunk with my mates and go to sleep. I was very selfish, I admit. My career came before my marriages. I'm sorry for my wives. They had to put up with a lot."
Frances Nicholson told journalists that McNab exerted pressure on her to use false names in her book. He says this is not true. "I didn't try to stop her using her real name. That was just a publicity stunt to sell the book. It sounded good to say I asked her to use a false name."
This brings us to his own use of a pseudonym. When, in 1995, he was named in court documents, he accused the MoD of endangering his life.
But does anyone genuinely want to kill him? Surely there are more important targets, like the Northern Ireland Secretary, who, incidentally, doesn't skulk about using a false name?
He is offended. "I am important. What do you mean no one wants to kill me?"
OK, assuming they did, surely they would manage it despite the false name. What if I were an assassin? I could be concealing a gun. What would he do then. How would he "stuff" me?
Startled, he gazes at me in disbelief. "Why would I want to do that? In those instances you try to run away. I'd get out as quick as I could. I wouldn't stay and fight."
McNab concedes that anonymity has commercial advantages. "Now it's become my pen name, there is not much point in changing it. I could decide there was a time when there was no longer any danger to me or my family, but what's the point?
"As I said, it's nice to be able to go on the Tube without people knowing who you are. I get the best of both worlds."
It has been said many times that McNab is a poor role model for the young, and that he has abused the security of an institution for financial gain. But he believes he has acted responsibly.
"My so-called revelations have never risked security. In Remote Control, I describe how to make bombs out of household items, but I don't give the ingredients, so no one could actually do it. You're more likely to find out how on the Internet."
He goes on hurriedly. "It's the media that see us as glamorous to the young. My books show we're not. There are no watches that turn into submarines or anything. I take war very seriously. I think it's bad that soon we'll have a generation in power that has only seen it on the television. It will make politicians too relaxed about it. War should be the last possible option."
McNab narrows his blue eyes. "I got out in time. Most ex-Army people end up as pathetic security guards. I didn't want that. I wanted something more."
He would seem to have got what he wanted: a film of Bravo Two Zero is to be released next year, in which he is played by Sean Bean. Not bad, eh?
"Yeah. I've been very lucky," he reflects. "It could have been Harry Enfield."
BBC Andy McNab Interview (1999)
He joined the army after being done for breaking and entering, and had killed a man by the age of 19. He was stuck in Winchester during the Falklands war, when it seemed every time there was an operation to go on, the SAS got to go, so Andy McNab decided to join that elite service. On an SAS operation behind Iraqi lines during the Gulf war, the patrol McNab was leading was attacked. Three members died, one escaped to Syria, and four - including McNab - were captured and tortured. McNab's book about the experience, Bravo Two Zero, has sold over a million and a half copies. Another book, Immediate Action, followed - and now a BBC film starring Sean Bean. McNab relaxes by riding his 850cc Yamaha, and studying medieval history. Andy McNab is not his real name.
Do you see the filming of Bravo Two Zero as setting the record straight after the earlier controversial TV movie based on Chris Ryan's The One That Got Away? (David Fevyer, Bournemouth)
Not really no because the same TV production company approached me to do Bravo Two Zero before they approached Chris and they wanted to do the same thing with Bravo. I turned down their offer.
What did you think of your character portrayd in The One That Got Away, and was there really much animosity between you and Chris Ryan? (Colin Lugwardine)
The whole thing was certainly unfair to the dead people who can't defend themselves. At the time I was really annoyed and so were the rest of the patrol. What I understand now is that it's all to do with money and viewing figures. Unfortunately, Chris got ripped off and lost control which is a shame because he has taken the blame for something which is not necessarily his fault. There was hostility to him within the regiment One of the squadrons came back from a trip and went knocking on his door. It just got out of control and he's had to move out of Hereford (where the SAS is based). He doesn't deserve it. Now I'm involved in television, I understand the concern with viewing figures. Chris Ryan was probably badly advised.
What role have you played in the filming of Bravo Two Zero?
I went to South Africa with the crew and talked to the director who had the challenge of creating the illusion of realism. So I was helping to create that illusion and help the actors. They might ask what I would be feeling in certain situations. So I gave both technical advice and shared my experience. We didn't have formal sessions but we'd start casual conversations. One torture scene we filmed in an empty prison was actually quite hard for me to watch.
Do you think that by revealing so much of the SAS's methods of operation you have made future activites more difficult for the regiment? (Gary Humphrey, Rochester)
No, absolutely not. All three books have gone through the official vetting process. You can give someone a car manual but it's unlikely they will be able to strip the car. There have been loads of books about the regiment before Bravo Two Zero. It's nothing new. The authorities are happy provided there's nothing that will compromise operations. The regiment's main activities in Bosnia, the Gulf and Northern Ireland are well-known, but the more sensitive operations are protected by feeding the public information on the high profile work.
Does Britain still need the SAS?
Even more so. We no longer have a heavy standing army. To get a rapid action force anywhere in the world you need a forward 'recce' group to secure a landing. Quick reaction troops are more valuable than ever. The infantry will still be doing the same thing, but the emphasis will be on force projection using C-17 aircraft. We'll be able to move a brigade from one end of the world to another within 24 hours, which is a whole new concept for the Brits and the SAS will work on advance preparation.
Would you do the Gulf War mission again, and if so would you do it differently? (Russell, West Kirby)
With hindsight we wouldn't have been sent out in the first place. It's very strange when the experts talk about it. They weren't there when the decisions were made so they don't know the background. It's not a science. When people were criticising General Norman Shwartzkopf (Gulf War commander) for sending our patrol out he said 'that's all well and good but I didn't see these people when these decisions were being made.' I wouldn't do the mission now because I know it would have been a failure. There were more than 3,000 Iraqi troops in the area, effectively two armoured brigades that shouldn't have been there that intelligence hadn't picked up. They only discovered this about four days after we arrived!
Is bombing Iraq an effective policy?
Bombing is effective if there is an aim. If it's just to bomb for the sake of it, there's no point. During the recent raids Britain made it sound like we have a big influence. The Americans sent in about 400 aircraft and the Brits a small fraction of that. Bombing to kill people doesn't achieve anything. Now the West is beginning to say it's actively trying to get Saddam out and so the bombs might have a real purpose.
Is it difficult for British troops to serve American officers?
No not at all. Basically, the US and British special forces have joint operations and training. At the end of
the day the Americans and the Foreign Office are our biggest employers. There's nothing new to the
co-operation.
Do you still suffer any lasting damage from the torture you endured under the Iraqis? How do you deal with this? (Lee Marriot, Moscow, Russia)
I don't find it difficult to talk about. I have a permanent sensory and mobility problem with the left index finger and I can't open a drinks can with it. The rest of my fingers have recovered. The nerves started to form again at the base of the spine. There's obviously still scarring but kids get that from falling over. If I start drinking fluids, I do have to go straight to the toilet. I don't hold water well. That's really it. The teeth have been fixed and screwed in!
Have you ever thought about helping people recover or prepare experiences of torture and interrogation?
I work with the FBI on a programme called 'agent enrichment'. In the past they've had undercover people taken in Mexico and South America. I've also just finished a video for the for the Harrier pilots in the Fleet Arm who face the possibility of going down in a place like Bosnia. I'm not involved in any post-capture treatment groups, although I do know John McCarthy and Terry Waite. What they suffered during five years of confinement and all the accompanying uncertainty is much worse than my own experience.
Do you ever wish you had killed the shepherd boy who accidentally discovered where your SAS unit? (Greg Hyde, Westbury)
No. Emotionally, as human beings and fathers we just would not want to do that. On the technical side we couldn't kill him because soldiers operating in enemy territory are not going to last five minutes if they are captured after killing kids. If we shot him as he ran away, we would have given our position away and if we killed the kid we would have had to take the body with us too. We never leave anything behind. Basically, it would have counter-productive.
Why are people so fascinated by the SAS and its operations.
Much of it is built up by the media. There have always been books about the SAS even before the Iranian Embassy siege. I bought the books and the Daily Express picture special. The idea of the SAS did seem glamorous to me before I started training for selection, but the month long process is designed to weed out people who think they are going to be James Bond. Your job is to be a professional soldier. The undercover work comes at a later date. You need to learn the foundations first. When you are admitted the regiment gives you proper training. People too have different aptitudes. For example, the Fijians wouldn't be any use
undercover in Northern Ireland.
If the conflict resumes in Northern Ireland do you think the paramilitaries could be defeated militarily?
No absolutely not. We fight, rightly, under a lot of restrictions because we have to adhere to the civil law and the paramilitaries should be treated as criminals rather than terrorist organisations. Clinically speaking, they have already won and that's why we've been there 30 years. Our opponents don't obey the same rules. If you look at the majority of terrorist actions around the world, it seems to work.
How do you the compare the pressure working in Iraq with active duty in Northern Ireland?
There's more stress working in Northern Ireland because there's quite a lot of political pressure. People allege there's a shoot to kill policy, but there isn't any. When you get involved in an incident you don't just come back and drink tea. Weapons go to forensics and they take statements. Sometimes your hands are bagged so your story is tested against the evidence from forensics. If it doesn't match, you will be prosecuted. On a couple of occasions as an eighteen year old soldier I was confused, but at the end of the day if you're old enough to vote, you should be old enough to fight. It's the army's job to make sure soldiers know what they're doing.
How important is it to maintain your anonymity?
It's not as drastic as it sounds. It's not cloak and dagger stuff. I'm just protecting my visual identity. I have had some death threats, but if they were really serious they wouldn't warn you. It's probably Irish terrorism. Some organisations know which members I have killed. If you start opening supermarkets, then you are making yourself a target and you endanger the people around you. I wouldn't ever do book signings. Explosives have been found in bookshops before. Basically, it's not something that gives me sleepless nights.
Have you ever considered mercenary work?
No. They don't pay enough. I don't know anyone who does it for money. There are three major security
companies that hire former members of the regiment. These jobs are extremely well paid and mainly send the ex-soldiers overseas to use their knowledge and skills, but it's not about living in Bosnian trenches.
You're an admirer of the First World War soldier and poet Siegfried Sassoon who faced disciplinary action for refusing to continue fighting. Have you ever felt similar conscientious objections?
Not really. I know people who have. The ethos of the regiment is that if you don't want to do certain kinds of work then you're expected to leave to army. I knew a guy called Frank who became a priest and got out. However battlefield conditions do literally conflict with your life. You are scared and you don't want to be doing it. If soldiers aren't scared, then they're lying, but as a professional soldier you learn to overcome fear with training and knowledge. Understanding you're afraid actually helps you do the job. My own experience in Iraq didn't prevent me from staying another two years in the army. Nine out of ten times the SAS's job is to stay out of hand to hand combat. We're not big enough to attack other soldiers. Our job is to sabotage power supplies and communications. We have an ethic of shoot and scoot. And you don't think 'I'm doing this for Britain'. From the Korean War onwards, soldiers have been in conflicts for economic reasons, to correct political mistakes and to maintain influence.
What are your future plans?
I'm in talks with Hollywood about filming Remote Control and I have to finish its sequel book by the end of the month. I'm also going to be working on a new thriller with the BBC.
Sunday Times (Jan 3/99)
Born to live behind and between the lines
Who dares cleans up, as Andy McNab, the former Special Air Service sergeant who became a multimillionaire through his book on the Bravo Two Zero patrol in the 1991 Gulf war could testify. Tonight and tomorrow Bravo Two Zero comes to our television screens in a special two-part BBC adaptation, so McNab - who also has a thriving career on the lecture circuit and as an adviser to Hollywood on what real violence looks like - will become even more famous.
But just as anonymous, for, as a soldier who killed his first IRA terrorist at the age of 19, McNab considers it prudent not to be photographed. This may be a personal obsession (although those shadowy, mysterious silhouettes are great publicity), but he undeniably embodies a will-o'-the-wisp elusiveness that is not wholly contrived. McNab, of course, is not his real name, and the couple who brought him up - an Irish Catholic mother and an Anglican father - were not his real parents. His real mother left him as an infant in a Harrods carrier bag on the steps of Guy's hospital, London. He has never had any wish to discover who his real parents were. McNab is a nom de plume, wrapped in an alias, concealed in an enigma.
The engima at the heart of McNab is not only what sort of man he is (married four times at the age of 38, his love life has been turbulent to put it mildly) but whether his claim on our admiration is authentic. His doggedness, whether under fire or enduring torture, is astonishing. "You've lost people, all right," he says, "but you don't sit around having tea and toast and talking about them. You just crack on." And yet his eight-man patrol (three of whom died) killed an estimated 250 Iraqi troops between them, mostly in close-range firefights. It is an awesome, if unfashionable, reminder of how warlike the British can be if the mood takes them.
McNab witnessed his first death at the age of eight when a member of his schoolboy gang fell 30ft through a skylight onto a concrete floor as they played in a derelict building. His childhood in Peckham, south London, was unsettled and he moved house nine times, attending seven different schools. Although he would grow into a whippet-lean 11st, he was plump as a youngster and took to running to lose unwanted weight and avoid gibes.
Not much good at school, McNab turned to petty crime. He stole car radios, dabbled in burglary in Dulwich and had a spell "tipping over Portaloos so I could nick the occupants' handbags". At 15 he was driving delivery lorries, having failed to gain entry to the masonic world of the still-powerful print unions. He got caught for breaking and entering and was sent, briefly, to a detention centre.
"I really hated that," he says. "I thought there was only one way I was going to get out of my miserable life, and that was by joining the army. Don't forget that the adverts at the time told you everybody would want to employ you when you got out and there were pictures of windsurfers and sunny beaches - 'See the world!' It all sounded brilliant. I barely knew where Northern Ireland was, let alone what was going on there."
McNab signed up and was posted to Northern Ireland. On patrol in Crossmaglen at the age of 18 he saw an army colleague die for the first time. His friend was trying to lower a booby-trapped Irish tricolour when 1 1/2 lb of explosive went off: "The top half of his body had been taken out completely. Bits of him were hanging off the armoured vehicle. Everyone in the town was pouring out of the pubs, cheering."
The following year he killed a terrorist in south Armagh. "It was very exciting for a 19-year-old. There was the adrenaline rush, and the thought of the credibility it would bring." Afterwards, when the high had worn off, he felt scared. "I didn't like people trying to kill me. It's not a natural thing to shoot at somebody and have somebody shoot at you."
The army gave structure and discipline to his life but no overweening love of traditional authority. There was a rude awakening when he was promoted. "I was thinking, 'Great, I'm a full corporal now - so in other words I'm God.' But then I was made to go grouse-beating for the brigadier and his mates. I didn't have a choice, and I really hated that." The obvious way to fulfil his individuality was to join the SAS - a glamour unit in the British public's eyes since the Iranian embassy siege of 1980, its reputation further burnished by derring-do exploits in the 1982 Falklands war. McNab joined in 1984.
Formally, his specialisations were "counter-terrorism, prime target elimination, demolitions, weapons and tactics, covert surveillance and information-gathering in hostile environments and VIP protection", tasks that took him to the Middle and Far East and South and Central America as well as spending two years undercover in Londonderry. It was in Northern Ireland, however - urinating in plastic cans and wrapping his faeces in clingfilm in order to leave no trace at a surveillance point - that the strange skills of the secret commando were honed. "Nobody in the world," he says, "has the sort of continuous experience over 20 years that we have had."
McNab's patrol in Iraq - ostensibly to sabotage Scud missiles - turned into an old-fashioned military cock-up. Dropped in the wrong place, the unit was discovered by a child goatherd who McNab wisely decided not to kill ("Too much noise; anyway, I wouldn't want that on my conscience for the rest of my life"). After numerous engagements one member of the patrol, Chris Ryan, escaped to Syria, three died, and the remainder - including McNab - were captured and tortured. Released at the end of the war, McNab added a Distinguished Conduct Medal to the Military Medal he had won in Northern Ireland, and Bravo Two Zero became the most decorated patrol since the Boer war.
He left the SAS in 1993, but despite the amazing success of his book - £1.5m sales in the UK alone - some of civvy street's problems seemed more intractable than those posed by Saddam Hussein. His first and second marriages had ended speedily (he exited the second, in proper SAS style, by jumping out of a first-floor window) and his third, by which he had a young daughter, was on the rocks by the time he was in the Gulf. His third wife, now remarried, wrote a book claiming that SAS men were sex-mad sadists. (The SAS, reportedly, has a divorce rate of about 40%.) "I was very selfish, I admit," McNab says. "My career came before my marriages. I'm sorry for my wives. They had to put up with a lot."
He also fell out with Chris Ryan, who wrote his own book about the ill-fated patrol (made into a 1996 television film), The One That Got Away. McNab was unflatteringly portrayed as a gung ho glory seeker with an obsessive hatred of "ragheads", and legal skirmishes and cutting-room amendments ensued. "It makes us look like a Mickey Mouse operation," McNab raged.
Only those there at the time know the whole truth but McNab contemptuously rejected a Hollywood proposal for a movie where the patrol bungled an assassination attempt on Saddam Hussein and Mel Gibson rode to the rescue.
The other civvy street problem was the military establishment, which took a dim view of the literary efforts of squaddies. Although Sir Peter de la Billière, former head of the SAS and British commander in the Gulf war, had written his memoirs, McNab was reportedly banned from the regiment's Hereford headquarters after his own book came out. "It was a class thing," he says. "Historically, it would be senior officers telling the story of a war. What I have done is give the faceworker's view of it."
The class thing still irritates him, despite his wealth. He once bought a £64,000 Porsche in Park Lane because the salesman got snooty with him for wandering around the showroom in his tracksuit bottoms and motorcycle helmet. "It was 'Can I help you?' which means 'F*** off.' Really annoying. Really annoying. So I turned round and thought, 'Right, I'm gonna get one of these.' " It was a lucky day for the salesman, but you can't help thinking it was even luckier that he didn't get up McNab's nose somewhere else, such as in the middle of the Iraqi desert.
Sunday Times (Culture) (Dec 6/98)
Members of the famous SAS patrol whose mission to destroy Scud missile-launchers during the Gulf war so cruelly failed, have, famously, continued to give conflicting accounts of what actually happened (three so far and counting). An ITV film based on a rival account by Chris Ryan, The One That Got Away, provoked relatives of those who died to complain vehemently about alleged distortions. Now Andy McNab, leader of the patrol, has taken drastic action to make sure that the screen version of his bestseller, Bravo Two Zero, is not marred by dissenting voices when the BBC screens it next year, with Sean Bean starring. McNab has split his entire rights fee - reckoned to be £80,000 - between the survivors and the families of those who died.
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Formula 1, which team was Jim Clarke mostly associated? | Jim Clark - 1963, 1965
Jim Clark
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He never intended to make racing a way of life, let alone become the best in the world in a sport that for him began as farm boy's hobby. And when the sport took Jim Clark's life the racing world mourned the loss of one of its best-loved champions, the unassuming Scottish driving genius whose personal integrity and admirable human qualities endeared him to fans and rivals alike. Nearly invincible in the car, he seemed vulnerable out of it and was always a reluctant hero. Few champions were as dominant. Fewer still are remembered so fondly.
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1962: Jim Clark of Team Lotus signs autographs for fans. © Sutton Images
Monte Carlo, May 1963: Jim Clark took pole position for the Monaco Grand Prix but then retired his Lotus 25 from the race. He was classified eighth, his lowest placing of the year. © Schlegelmilch
Spa, June 1963: Jim Clark came from eighth on the grid to win the Belgian Grand Prix by almost five minutes from the Cooper of Bruce McLaren. It was his first of seven victories en route to his first world title. © Schlegelmilch
Brands Hatch, July 1964: Reigning champion Jim Clark checks the mirrors on his Lotus 25 before practice for the British Grand Prix. He went on to win the race, the last of his three victories that year. © Sutton Images
Nurburgring, August 1965: Jim Clark celebrates the German Grand Prix win that brought him his second world title with Lotus team boss Colin Chapman (right). © Schlegelmilch
James Clark, junior, was born on March 4, 1936, and brought up with his four sisters on the family farm in Scotland's Berwickshire hills near the border with England. There was plenty of room to roam around the Clark's large acreage where flocks of pedigree sheep grazed peacefully and where Jim Clark would always feel most at home. It was worlds away from international motorsport, a subject he first read about in books and magazines when, at 13, he went to a private school in Edinburgh, where he also played cricket and was quite good at hockey. When it came to using vehicles for sporting pursuits Jim had to overcome parental opposition to using them for anything other than utilitarian purposes. Having first driven the family car around the fields in secret, and then been allowed to drive farm tractors alone, Jim got his driver's license on his 17th birthday, by which time he had left school and was working full time on the farm. For personal transport he bought a Sunbeam Talbot and in 1956 began using it to compete in local rallies and driving skill tests. He soon graduated to winning club races in a variety of sportscars entered for him by wealthy enthusiast friends, without whose encouragement he might have progressed no further. When he won he found being the focus of attention embarrassing. He also felt guilty about racing against his family's wishes. Goaded on by his friends, the reluctant racer began to take it more seriously, demonstrating an outstanding natural talent that amazed everyone, and certainly surprised the man himself.
In 1958 Clark was given a sleek little Lotus Elite coupe to race at Brands Hatch, where he immediately impressed the winner in an identical car, Lotus founder Colin Chapman. Invited by Chapman to race a Lotus Formula Junior, Clark immediately excelled and was promoted to Team Lotus for the latter part of the 1960 Formula One season. In Belgium that year he suffered through one of the worst weekends in Formula One history. Early in the race at Spa Chris Bristow crashed fatally in a Cooper. Clark just managed to avoid the terribly mutilated body as it lay on the track but his Lotus was spattered with blood. A few laps later Clark's friend and Lotus team mate Alan Stacey lost control when he was hit in the face by a bird and he was killed. Clark admitted that the gruesome disasters nearly put him off racing forever. Thereafter he hated Spa with a vengeance and yet he would win there four times in succession.
In 1961 his first complete Grand Prix season was blighted by his involvement in a collision at Monza with the Ferrari of Wolfgang von Trips. Though Clark was innocent and unhurt, the death of von Trips and 14 spectators left him devastated and again he seriously considered retiring. But he was persuaded to stay by Colin Chapman, whose brilliance as a designer was developing along with the emerging genius of his star driver.
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Brands Hatch, July 1966: Jim Clark in the Lotus 33 (right) battles with BRM’s Graham Hill (left) over third place during the British Grand Prix. Behind them is the Cooper of John Surtees. © Sutton Images
Brands Hatch, July 1966: Reigning champion Jim Clark finished fourth in the British Grand Prix in the Lotus 33. © Sutton Images
Watkins Glen, October 1966: Jim Clark celebrates his only win of the season, in the United States Grand Prix at the wheel of the BRM-powered Lotus 43. © Sutton Images
Mexico City, October 1967: Having taken pole position, Jim Clark leads the season-ending Mexican Grand Prix in the Lotus 49. © Sutton Images
Over the next four seasons the Clark-driven Lotus was mostly only ever beaten when the mechanical side of the equation failed to deliver. Chapman's innovative Lotus chassis powered by Climax V8 engines were exceptionally fast but notoriously unreliable. Clark only lost the 1962 championship because of an oil leak in the last race. In 1963 everything held together and he stormed to victory in seven of the championship races and easily won his first driving title. In 1964 he was again deprived of the championship in the last race by an oil leak. In 1965 he won six of the 10 races and his second World Championship.
By now Clark and Chapman were as close as brothers. Chapman greatly admired his sincerity, humility and personal integrity and said Clark was as impressive as a human being as he was driver. Clark was not technically-minded and relied on Chapman to translate his comments into engineering solutions. Even when the car was not right Clark's natural talent enabled him to drive around problems, though he often said he had no idea where his speed came from.
The public warmed to the shy champion who shunned the limelight, which now extended to America where he became a star after winning the 1965 Indianapolis 500. He hated press conferences and was visibly uncomfortable making public appearances. Though admired and well-liked by his peers, none of them knew him well. Graham Hill and Jackie Stewart, both self-confident extroverts, found Clark to be just the opposite. In the car he was the epitome of calm and controlled aggression. Out of it he constantly chewed his fingernails and was surprisingly indecisive, and had trouble choosing which restaurant to eat in.
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Mexico City, October 1967: Jim Clark takes his fourth and final win of the season at the Mexican Grand Prix, consolidating his third place in the drivers’ championship. © Sutton Images
Watkins Glen, October 1967: Jim Clark won the United States Grand Prix for the second year in a row, leading home team mate Graham Hill for a Lotus one-two. © Sutton Images
His championships brought him wealth and he became a tax exile in Paris. He drove to the races in a Lotus Elan (and later flew a Piper Twin Commanche he bought from Chapman), often with a female companion. He never married but confided to a girlfriend that his ambition was to settle down and have a family of his own on the farm in Scotland. He deliberately kept his contracts to a year at a time so he could be free to leave when he wanted.
He nearly left after Lotus was less competitive in 1966, though his patience was rewarded with a return to form the next season. A victory in the first Grand Prix of 1968 brought his total to 25, eclipsing the previous record set by the great Fangio. Like Fangio, Jim Clark seldom ever made a mistake and had very few accidents - which made his sudden death all the more difficult to comprehend. On April 7, 1968, his Lotus had a tyre failure in a F2 race at Hockenheim in Germany and he was killed. The racing world was in shock and many felt the heart had gone out of the sport. Colin Chapman said he lost his best friend. Graham Hill said what he would miss most was Jim Clark's smile.
Text - Gerald Donaldson
| Lotus |
Who won the 2013 World Touring Car Championship? | Formula 1
Formula 1: My first taste of 'open wheeler' racing commenced with a visit to Sydney's Warwick Farm where I was privileged to watch Jim Clark and Graham Hill pilot their beautiful Team Lotus cars around the circuit. Subsequently I followed Formula 1 for many years through the media, reliant on Murray Walker's 'fantastic' (Murray's favourite word), coverage of all things F1 and I really cranked the interest whenever and wherever Ayrton Senna did 'anything', including model aircraft flying!
Meeting Murray Walker at Goodwood in 2009 and observing that the Mercedes Factory were re-entering Formula 1 in 2010 rekindled my interest and I hope to attend the Australian Grand Prix at Albert Park from 2010 onward.
Please click on the heading or associated image to be taken to the dedicated page/s covering the event.....
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In 2014 Carl Crutchlow will ride what make of Moto GP bike? | motogp.com · Cal Crutchlow
GRAN PREMIO GENERALI DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA
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In 2007 Cal Crutchlow made his debut in British Superbikes, but his status in the racing world rose quickly after claiming the 2009 World Supersport title, prompting the Briton to join the World Superbike series the following year. Crutchlow was then quickly recruited for MotoGP™ and his debut with the Monster Yamaha Tech 3 team in 2011 saw the British rider achieve a best GP career finish of fourth in Valencia and lift the Rookie of the Year title. Crutchlow remained with the Tech3 team for 2012, at the controls of the 1000cc Yamaha, with which he took a major leap forward in results and scored his first MotoGP™ podium finish at Brno. He remained with the team for a third year in 2013 – scoring two pole positions and four rostrum finishes - before joining Ducati Team for 2014 alongside former Tech3 teammate Andrea Dovizioso. Crutchlow’s championship position at the end of 2014 was 13th, compared to fifth in 2013, with a mid-season announcement being made that he would join CWM LCR Honda for a fresh start in 2015. His switch to LCR Honda started well with a podium in Argentina, but the 2015 Honda proved a difficult machine to handle and Crutchlow ended the year in eighth place overall. For the first time in three seasons the Brit remained with the same team as he and the LCR Honda squad looked to challenge for more podiums in 2016 among a raft of rule changes.
| Ducati |
Who was displaced from power by Fidel Castro? | MotoGP News - Cal Crutchlow at Ducati for MotoGP 2015
Cal Crutchlow at Ducati for MotoGP 2015
Cal Crutchlow at Ducati for MotoGP 2015
19 July 2014
Cal Crutchlow at Ducati for MotoGP 2015
Cal Crutchlow will take up his 2015 option and remain with the factory Ducati MotoGP team next season.
The announcement was made on Saturday during World Ducati Week at Misano - just hours after a Ducati presentation confirmed that team-mate Andrea Dovizioso had re-signed for the next two seasons.
Ducati MotoGP Project Director Paolo Ciabatti stated: "Dovizioso has renewed his contract this morning, Cal has a contract with us for next season and he will continue in the official team next year."
Crutchlow has endured a nightmare start to his Desmosedici career, with a series of technical problems, accidents and a hand injury meaning he has finished just four of a possible nine races.
When the machine has been running correctly, its handling limitations have left Crutchlow unable to get near his Tech 3 Yamaha form, which took him to four podiums and fifth in last year's world championship. The Englishman is currently 14th in the standings with a best result of sixth.
However new Ducati Corse general manager Gigi Dall'Igna's full design influence will not be felt until next year's Desmosedici, due to debut at the Valencia post season test. Dall'Igna has said that a new, smaller, engine will be the first step for the 2015 Ducati. The engine will still have a 90-degree V-angle, as also used by Honda.
The news of an unchanged factory Ducati line-up quashes Andrea Iannone's hopes of graduating from Pramac to the official team... unless the official team expands to three machines. Either way, Iannone (contracted directly to Ducati) will continue to have a full factory bike. The Ducati deals also increase speculation over the 2015 Suzuki line-up, with both Dovizioso and Crutchlow having been high on the Japanese factory's list of targets.
While Dovizioso's contract was up for renewal, it was down to Crutchlow to decide if he wished to stay for year two of his existing contract.
Ducati joins Repsol Honda (Marc Marquez and Dani Pedrosa) in completing its 2015 Factory team line-up. Valentino Rossi has also re-signed for Yamaha, but team-mate Jorge Lorenzo is yet to complete his contract extension.
Suzuki, returning to MotoGP next season, is still to announce any riders but is now being linked with reigning Moto3 champion and rookie Moto2 race winner Maverick Vinales. Aleix Espargaro, which some of the Spanish media reported as being in the frame for the factory Ducati team, is also a likely candidate.
Two further Factory rides may also appear at Aprilia, which is contemplating bringing its official return forward by one year to 2015.
Due to its victory drought Ducati (like Suzuki and possibly Aprilia next season) can race with the same concessions as the Open class until 2016, when a control ECU is introduced.
However three dry podiums will see race fuel reduced from 24 to 22 litres - Honda and Yamaha Factory class riders are restricted to 20 litres - while three wins would also mean the loss of the softer rear tyre. Of Dovizioso's two Ducati podiums, one has been in a dry race.
Engine changes and extra testing options will be unchanged regardless of results until 2016, when Michelin will also replace Bridgestone as exclusive tyre supplier.
| i don't know |
Which saint was born at Lourdes ? | Story of Our Lady of Lourdes, France and Saint Bernadette
The Apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes, France
159th Apparition Anniversary and Feast Day, February 11, 2017
Pictures of Lourdes and Bernadette at bottom of this page.
Incorrupt body of Saint Bernadette
Live Webcam from the Grotto in Lourdes >>> http://en.lourdes-france.org/tv-lourdes/
Story of Saint Bernadette & Our Lady of Lourdes
Written by Victor Cembellin
Lourdes is a village in France where Our Blessed Mother appeared eighteen times to Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. Her messages to Bernadette are ageless and apply to all of us today.
Bernadette Soubirous was born on January 7, 1844. She was the first child of Francois Soubirous and Louise Soubirous (Casterot). Her father was a miller who provided a comfortable living for his family. Bernadette had six brothers and two sisters. Only three of her siblings lived beyond the age of ten. These loses bonded the family together in strength and love. Bernadette once said that she had never heard her parents quarrel. The family was always at peace. This solid family foundation left Bernadette emotionally balanced in times of trouble and when faced with poverty and illnesses which were to come.
A series of events which began in 1854 changed their lives. Bernadette's father was falsely accused of stealing two sacks of flour and was imprisoned for many days. There was a drought which lasted for two years and drastically affected the wheat harvest and work at the mill. And finally, the steam mills that resulted from the Industrial Revolution put Francois' mill out of business, and he was out of work. The family was reduced to living in a one-room dwelling called the Cachot, which was formerly used as a jail. During this same period Bernadette contracted cholera. The high fevers caused her to suffer physically the rest of her life. She suffered emotionally also. She felt the heart ache of being excluded as people pointed to her family as the ones who live in the Cachot. Her physical illnesses prevented her from going to school. At age 14 she spoke only the dialect of Lourdes. She was unable to read or write or speak French, and the Catechism was taught in French only. She went to Mass, but she was not allowed to receive Holy Communion with her friends. Sometimes Bernadette's only comfort was her mother's love. Later, Fr. Pomian prepared Bernadette for First Holy Communion. There was something about Bernadette that moved the Hosts of Heavenly Hearts. She was blessed with eighteen divine apparitions, and the world is forever changed and will never forget Bernadette.
The First Apparition - Thursday, February 11, 1858:
After dinner on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday, Bernadette's mother told her children that there was no more wood in the house. Bernadette and her sister, Toinette, and a neighbor friend, Jeanne Abadie, went to the river Gave to gather wood. They had to cross a canal of cold water. Fearing that she would have an asthma attack, Bernadette stayed on the bank, and the other two girls crossed the stream and picked up wood under the grotto until they disappeared along the Gave.
Bernadette heard a great noise like the sound of a storm, but nothing was moving. She was frightened and stood straight up, loosing all power of speech and thought. She turned her head towards the Grotto of Massabieille and saw in the opening of the rock a rosebush, one only, moving as if it were very windy. Almost at the same time, there came out of the interior of the grotto a golden-colored cloud, and soon afterwards, a Lady, young and beautiful --exceedingly beautiful -- the likes of whom she had never seen, came and placed herself at the entrance of the opening above the rosebush. She looked at Bernadette and immediately smiled and signaled her to advance, in a way that a mother motions her child to come near. Bernadette took out her rosary and knelt before the Lady, who also had a rosary on her right arm. When Bernadette tried to begin saying the rosary by making the sign of the cross, her arm was paralyzed. It was only after the Lady had made the sign of the cross herself that Bernadette was able to do the same. As Bernadette prayed the rosary, the Lady passed the beads of her rosary between her fingers, but remained silent. She did recite the Gloria's with her, however. When the recitation of the rosary was finished, the Lady returned to the interior of the rock and the golden cloud disappeared with her.
Bernadette told her sister of the extraordinary things that had happened to her at the grotto, asking her to keep it a secret. Throughout the day the image of the Lady remained in her mind. In the evening at the family prayer Bernadette was troubled and began to cry. When her mother asked what was the matter, her sister told her everything. Bernadette's mother told her that these were illusions, and forbid her to return to Massabieille.
Bernadette could not sleep that night. The face of the Lady, so good and so gracious, returned incessantly to her memory. It was useless to recall what her mother had said because she did not believe that she had been deceived. Her conviction of this was unshakable. She went on to describe the Beautiful Lady in detail:
"She has the appearance of a young girl of sixteen or seventeen. She is dressed in a white robe, girdled at the waist with a blue ribbon which flows down all around it. A yoke closes it in graceful pleats at the base of the neck. The sleeves are long and tight-fitting. She wears upon her head a veil which is also white. This veil gives just a glimpse of her hair and then falls down at the back below her waist. Her feet are bare but covered by the last folds of her robe except at the point where a yellow rose shines upon each of them. She holds on her right arm a rosary of white beads with a chain of gold shinning like the two roses on her feet." On Sunday, Bernadette's mother allowed her to return to the grotto.
The Second Apparition - Sunday, February 14, 1858:
The three little girls started out, armed with a vial of holy water. If what their elders said was true, they might need this to ward off malign influences. Instead of throwing the water at the Lady, Bernadette poured the water quietly on the ground. Then she turned and told her companion that, judging by the Beautiful Lady's smile, She was pleased by this action. Before Jeanne Abadie, who was just arriving, could explain that she had thrown a stone for fun, the others had scattered in every direction, screaming for help as they ran. When Toinette reached the cachot (home) and poured out her story, her mother seized a switch and headed for the site. By now the whole town was talking. Fortunately for the unhappy little Bernadette, one local woman of considerable prominence interpreted the apparitions in a different light from most of the townspeople. She got Louise's permission to let her daughter Bernadette accompany her and a friend to the grotto.
The Third Apparition - Thursday, February 18, 1858:
All three went first to early Mass. Then they set out for the grotto. Madame Millet carried a blessed candle; Antoinette Peyret a pen, paper and ink to record anything that might be said. The Beautiful Lady said to Bernadette: "There is no need for me to write down what I have to say to you. Will you be so kind as to come here every day for fifteen days?" No explicit reason was given for this request, but a definite pledge accompanied it: though she did not promise that Bernadette would be happy in the world, the Beautiful Lady gave her word that happiness would be waiting in heaven.
The Fourth Apparition - Friday, February 19, 1858:
Bernadette's parents and her aunt accompanied her to the Grotto along with some neighbors. Shortly after Bernadette began to pray the Rosary, everyone present noticed that her face was transfigured and illuminated.
The Fifth Apparition - Saturday, February 20, 1858:
On Her fifth visit, the Beautiful Lady taught Bernadette a prayer, which she recited daily for the rest of her life. She never revealed the prayer to anyone, but she did say that she was told to always bring a blessed candle with her. Candles now burn perpetually at the Shrine.
The Sixth Apparition - Sunday, February 21, 1858:
The Beautiful Lady told Bernadette on this occasion to "pray for sinners", which she never failed to do. Several hundred people were present on that day, including Dr. Dozous, a prominent physician in Lourdes. He told the crowd that he could find nothing abnormal about Bernadette's physical condition, even when her mental state was trancelike: "Her pulse was regular, her respiration easy, and nothing indicated nervous excitement."
A meeting was called by the citizens of the town, and sharp differences of opinion were expressed regarding the apparitions. They expressed concern for the dangers that could accompany gatherings of such large crowds. They persuaded the Procurer Imperial, M. Dutour, to officially forbid Bernadette to return to the Grotto. Bernadette responded that she could not give her word to refrain from going to the Grotto because she had promised the Beautiful Lady she would do so. Dutour dismissed her, and discussed this matter with two local officials: M. Jacomet, the Chief of Police; and M. Estrade, who was to become Bernadette's and Dutour's friend and who was also to perform an invaluable service by listening in at future conversations and scrupulously recording them word for word.
Estrade recorded a conversation between the Chief of Police and Bernadette. During that meeting, M.Jacomet deliberately tried to confuse Bernadette to change her account of the apparitions. When that attempt failed, the Chief of Police released Bernadette to the custody of her father with an admonition that he take her home and guarantee that there would be no further disturbances. But the interior call which was urging her on was stronger than any earthly admonition.
On Monday, February 22, 1858, Bernadette returned to the Grotto after school. Two policemen saw her and followed her, and so did the usual crowd. The policemen stood at respectful attention as she knelt down in her accustomed place. But as she arose, they sprang forward and asked her if she still insisted that she had seen a Beautiful Lady. "No, this time I saw nothing at all," she answered. She was allowed to go home, but she was taunted and threatened. People said mockingly that the Beautiful Lady was afraid of the police and had found some safer place to go.
The Seventh Apparition - Tuesday, February 23, 1858:
Approximately two hundred people were present at this apparition. When Bernadette's appearance was once more transformed, the men present removed their hats and fell to their knees. Bernadette appeared to be gravely serious and listening, and then joyful, and she would occasionally bow low. At the conclusion of the vision, which lasted an hour, Bernadette moved on her knees toward the rose bush and kissed the ground. When asked what the Lady had said, Bernadette replied that the Lady had entrusted her with three secrets, which she never revealed.
The Eighth Apparition - Wednesday, February 24, 1858:
During the eighth apparition, Bernadette turned and faced the crowd of more than four hundred people, and three times she repeated, "penitence, penitence, penitence!"
The Ninth Apparition - Thursday, February 25, 1858:
During this apparition, the Beautiful Lady told Bernadette to, "drink from the fountain and bathe in it." Bernadette was puzzled; there had never been a fountain at Massabieille, or any kind of a natural spring. She began to scratch the loose gravel off the ground which encircled her. As she did so, she noticed that the ground beneath her was moist, and that a little pool was forming and bubbles were rising from it. She cupped her hands together and drank, and then washed her face. The next day, the pool was overflowing and water was dripping down over the rock. The following day, the trickle had become a real stream. Of course, it was immediately said -- and has been said by skeptics ever since -- that the spring was there all the time. The fact remains that Bernadette did find the spring as the result of a direct command.
The Tenth Apparition - Saturday, February 27, 1858:
On this occasion, the Beautiful Lady told Bernadette to "kiss the ground on behalf of sinners." She immediately did so, and the crowd followed her example.
The Eleventh Apparition - Sunday, February 28, 1858:
There were approximately two thousand spectators at the Grotto that morning. The Lady asked Bernadette to tell the clergy to build a chapel on the site of the Grotto.
The Twelfth Apparition - Monday, March 1, 1858:
During this apparition, the Lady commented to Bernadette that she was not using her own Rosary, which was an accurate statement. Bernadette had been asked by Pauline Sans to use Pauline's Rosary at the Grotto that day.
The Thirteenth Apparition - Tuesday, March 2, 1858:
Bernadette arrived at the Grotto early in the morning, prayed the Rosary in the presence of the Lady, who remained silent except for the Gloria's.
The Fourteenth Apparition - Wednesday, March 3, 1858:
During this apparition, the Lady repeated that She wanted a chapel built by the clergy and, additionally, that She wanted people to come to this chapel in processional form. Bernadette was terribly afraid of the parish priest, Abbe Peyramale. It had been difficult for her to go to him the first time about building a chapel, but it took a great deal of courage for her to present herself to him a second time about processions. He dismissed her curtly, ordering her to tell the Beautiful Lady that the Cure of Lourdes was not in the habit of dealing with mysterious strangers; that if She wanted a chapel -- if She had a right to one -- She must reveal Her identity.
The Fifteenth Apparition - Thursday, March 4, 1858:
By now, most everyone in France knew that March 4th was the last of the fifteen days that Bernadette had promised the Lady that she would be present at the Grotto. Twenty thousand people were present that day, including an entire military garrison in full-dress uniform. As Bernadette approached the apparition site, a path was cleared for her, and the soldiers who accompanied her did so with respect. After the apparition, Bernadette told the crowd that she would continue coming to the Grotto because the Beautiful Lady had said nothing in the form of a farewell. The crowd was disappointed and disillusioned. They had seen Bernadette transfigured with a strange radiance, but they had hoped to also share her vision, to hear the same voice that she did, and they expected that, at the very least, the rosebush would burst into a sudden miraculous bloom.
The Sixteenth Apparition - Thursday, March 25, 1858:
During the sixteenth apparition, which occurred on the Feast of the Annunciation, the Beautiful Lady revealed her identity to Bernadette: "Que soy era Immaculado Conception", I am the Immaculate Conception. Bernadette was not sure what this name meant, but people who needed no explanation flocked to Lourdes in greater numbers than ever before. Baron Massy, a local official, ordered Bernadette to be examined by three more physicians. They found her to be physically and mentally sound.
The Seventeenth Apparition - Wednesday, April 7, 1858:
Bernadette had never failed to bring a lighted candle to the Grotto since the first time she had been instructed to do so by the Beautiful Lady. During this apparition, she unconsciously placed one of her hands over the flame of the candle. People witnessed the flame burning through her fingers. Bernadette did not even hear the cries of horror which arose from the crowd. She continued to pray for at least fifteen minutes while the flame burned through her hand. She emerged quietly from prayer unscathed. Then Dr. Dozous took another candle and, without warning, touched the flame to her hand. Bernadette immediately cried out in pain. Shortly after this apparition, the Prefect took matters into his own hands and ordered the Grotto closed, and the rustic altar was dismantled.
The Eighteenth Apparition - Friday, July 16, 1858:
Bernadette seemed relieved that she was becoming less of a public figure. Several months had passed, and after receiving communion on the feast of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, Bernadette felt an irresistible urge to return to the Grotto. Since the barricade was still in place, she and her aunt could not get as close to the sacred spot as they wanted, so they knelt in the grass, and the Beautiful Lady appeared to her one last time.
Bernadette joined the order of the Sisters of Charity. Throughout her life she remained sickly, but attended patiently to her duties as infirmarian and sacristan. She died a holy death on April 16, 1879. She was 34 years old. Bernadette was buried on the convent grounds in Nevers, France. Her body was exhumed thirty years later on September 22, 1909, in the presence of two doctors, several appointed officials, and nuns from the local convent. When Bernadette's coffin was opened, there was no odor, and her body was completely untouched by the laws of nature.
A second exhumation took place on April 3, 1919. The body of the then declared Venerable was found in the same state of preservation as ten years earlier, except that the face was slightly discolored, due to the washing it had undergone during the first exhumation. A worker in wax was entrusted with the task of coating the face of the Saint who had been dead forty years. The sacred relic (Bernadette's body) was placed in a coffin of gold and glass and can be viewed to this very day in the Chapel of Saint Bernadette at the motherhouse in Nevers, France.
Note: In a book by Ruth Cranston, originally published by Doubleday in 1955, (I have an updated 1988 version), I am amazed by the testimonies and accounts of thousands who have claimed healing due to the miraculous waters of the Grotto of Massabieille, in Lourdes France. Hundreds of cases have been reviewed by the Medical Bureau of Lourdes and deemed to be of a supernatural nature. The water from the Grotto still flows today, and people continue to attest to the healing powers of this God-given grace.
| Bernadette |
Papworth is in which county ? | The Life of St. Bernadette Sourbirous
Introduction
St. Bernadette Soubirous was born on January 7th, 1844 in a small town of Lourdes, in the most beautiful French Pyren�es mountains. At baptism she was given the name Marie-Bernard, but since early childhood everyone called her �Bernadette.�
Her father, Francisco was an honest man, but not very capable in business. He worked as a miller for the Casterots, an affluent family. He lived with his family at the mill of Boly. Their mother, Luisa Casterot married at age 16 to assure her future, but things did not turn out well. When the clients came to grind their wheat, the young couple would provide a complete meal to them. They were able to do so in times of abundance, but crisis and tightness came to change all this.
Because of their debts, the Soubirous family had to leave the mill and find shelter in a cell of a prison, the property of Francisco�s cousin. The entire family of six lived in one room, the father, mother, and four children. The older ones were girls, Bernadette being the first, Toinette second (two and half years younger), then two boys, Jean-Marie and Justin. To obtain the scarce daily bread for the children, Francisco and Louise accepted all types of jobs.
When Bernadette was born the family still had resources. This is proven by the fact that the child was given to a wet nurse the first six months. The wet nurse�s name was Marie Avarant and her married name was Lagues. She lived in the countryside five miles from Lourdes. Marie Lagues breast-fed Bernadette for 15 months, from June 1844 to October 1845. According to the custom, both families stayed very united.
The economic difficulties of the Soubirous family gave opportunity for Marie to ask to care for Bernadette. This was an excuse so that Bernadette may help take care of the other children, but in reality Marie wanted her to tend the sheep. Bernadette became a contracted shepherdess without pay.
On her departure to Bartres she was promised that she will be able to be prepared for First Communion by the priest of the village. She was 14 years old and the only girl of this age in Lourdes who had not received First Communion. But seeing how well she worked, they obliged her to spend more time caring for the sheep, and this did not permit her to receive Catechism classes because she was out in the fields working. This hurt her heart very much.
Bernadette�s intelligence had been questioned. Many believe she was not very intelligent. It is true she learned with difficulty and she herself said she had �a bad head,� meaning little memory. Because she was not given the opportunity to study, Bernadette at 13 years of age did not know how to read or write. The teacher Jean Barbet, who once gave her Catechism class, said about her: �Bernadette has difficulties retaining the words in Catechism which she cannot study because she does not know how to read. However, she applies enormous effort to comprehend the meaning of the explanations. She is very attentive, most especially, she is very pious and modest.�
Even though the priest of Bartres, Abbe Arder, had entered a monastery shortly after Bernadette arrived, he was able to capture the excellence of her heart in the little contact he had with her. The priest had much faith in the apparitions of La Salette (1846), 11 years before, and compared Bernadette with the children of La Salette.
He said about Bernadette: �She seems to me like a flower surrounded in divine perfume. I assure you that on many occasions, when I have seen her, I have thought of the children of La Salette. Certainly, if the Blessed Virgin appeared to Maximino and Melania, she did so in order for them to become as simple and pious as she is.�
Neither ignorance nor poverty, not even the sickly aspect of Bernadette prevented the appreciation of her virtues of simplicity and piety.
The Priest on one occasion said: �Look at this small child. When the Blessed Virgin wants to appear on earth she chooses children like her.�
His words were prophetic, for in a few months the Blessed Virgin started to appear to Bernadette in the grotto of Massabielle, near Lourdes.
When Bernadette saw that her desire to receive Holy Communion would not be possible in Bartres, she asked Maria Lagues to allow her to go to Lourdes, insisting to her parents to allow her to return home.
She wanted to receive First Communion in 1858 and needed to start catechism classes immediately.
Her parents agreed and she returned to Lourdes on January 28th, 1858 only 14 days before the first apparition of the Virgin. The Blessed Mother appeared from February 11th, 1858 to July 16th of the same year.
Bernadette�s piety conquered the trials
Two virtues stood out in Bernadette: piety and modesty. To be pious it is not necessary to be intelligent.
Even after she became a religious, she herself said that she did not know how to pray and would remain long hours in prayer. Her prayer was not mechanical; she would speak to God and the Virgin just as we speak to a person face to face. It was a prayer from the heart: intense, honest and effective.
She loved prayer. She knew very well how to pray the Holy Rosary, which she always carried in her pocket. She had the Rosary in her hands when Our Lady appeared. Her first response in times of difficulties or trials was to take out the Rosary and start praying.
This small soul chosen by the Virgin had much to suffer both morally and physically until her death. But we should never forget that God guided this small child and she responded with humility, abandonment, faith and courage. Bernadette had virtues that were criticized by the people as �defects.� Because of this error of the people, the authenticity of the apparitions was doubted. This child of only 14 years old (she became 14 on Jan. 7th, 1858) had to be wise, firm, extraordinarily courageous, and how to make discernments and confront the people trying to dissuade her, among them priests, bishops, head of police, attorneys, etc.
To have an idea of the interior fortitude and capacity of judgment Bernadette had, we can see some statements she made during an interrogation to which she was submitted. After the Chief Prosecutor, Mr. Dutor, made Bernadette and her mother stand for a long time, he finally said to them : �There are chairs. You may sit down.�
Bernadette responded: �No. We can dirty them.�
On another occasion, when she was asked about the language that the Virgin spoke, Bernadette said:
�She spoke to me in dialect.� They responded to her: �The Virgin Mary couldn�t have spoken in dialect, because God and the Virgin don�t speak dialect.�
Bernadette responded: �How can we know and speak dialect if they don�t speak it? Do you think she spoke to me in French? Do I speak French?�
In the twelfth apparition, Bernadette gave the Virgin a rosary.
After the apparition, a priest asked her: �Now you also bless rosaries?�
Bernadette smiled and said: �I don�t wear a stole do I?�
Another person asked her: �Well Bernadette, now that the Virgin promised you will go to heaven, you don�t need to worry about your soul.�
Bernadette: �But, Father, I will only go to heaven if I behave correctly.�
Her interrogations were long hours, sometimes entire days; they tried by all means to deceive her so she would contradict her declarations. But she maintained herself alert, on guard, knowing they were not looking for the truth, but wanted to prove she invented everything.
Bernadette frequently had to confront the Pastor of Lourdes, Abbe Peyramale, who had a reputation of having a bad temper. In all the occasions that our saint went to visit him, even fearful, she always controlled this natural tendency. Her will to accomplish the mission Our Lady gave her was more powerful than the bad temper of the priest. We see how Bernadette fulfilled the desires of the Virgin even though she had obstacles and personal weaknesses.
On March 25th, 1858, the Virgin revealed her identity, giving Bernadette the proof her pastor insisted upon. The words of the Blessed Virgin, �I�m the Immaculate Conception,� brought down once and for all the wall unbelief in the pastor�s heart, who became at this moment one of the greatest defenders and supporters of the apparitions, using his same temper to defend the girl against attackers.
The Lourdes apparitions were different from other apparitions like La Salette, Pointman, Fatima, Knock, Beuraing. With the exception of the apparition of the miraculous medal, Bernadette was the only visionary. She did not have another person to corroborate and support her testimony. Her only fountain of strength was the Blessed Virgin which was sufficient for her.
A time was to come when her gifts, interior fortitude, her diligence in answering questions, all of which she used to defend the apparitions of the Virgin, were going to be used against her. Those who supported her knew and understood her great virtues, but according to those who criticized her these virtues were great defects. Her interior fortitude was called stubbornness; her diligence in responding was insolence. Once, in the Convent of Saint Gildard in Nevers, when she was accused of having self love, she drew a circle and put a mark with her finger in the center of the circle and said: �Whoever doesn�t have self love put your finger here� (indicating the marked center).
For Bernadette the apparitions were an unmerited blessing, this gift by itself did not make her a saint. It was a gift for the world, but at the same time, because of her admirable attitude she received graces leading her to holiness. It is important to clarify that St. Bernadette did not become a saint because she saw the Virgin Mary, but because she climbed the ladder of holiness through enormous trials and crosses. To be a saint it is not necessary to have great mystical experiences. It is necessary and sufficient to have two things: HUMILITY AND LOVE. It is in ardent prayer and a life of virtue that love is expressed in itself.
Bernadette after the apparitions
The humble young lady chosen for such a great mission remained as she was before the apparitions. In other words the Virgin conserved her simple, humble and modest. She did not like the uproar and popularity.
She seemed like any ordinary girl, except in her virtues, innocence, candor and honesty in works. She piously received her First Holy Communion that same year on June 3, 1858, the Feast of Corpus Christi.
God continued visiting her, not with brilliant apparitions, but through the bitter trial of sufferings: of incomprehension, mockery and ridicule, she was ill most of the time, she withstood all types of pain, but she maintained herself recollected with patience. She suffered from chronic asthma, tuberculosis, vomiting blood, aneurism, gastritis, tumor in the knee, cavities in the bones, and abscesses in the ear leading to deafness. Shortly before death she slightly regained hearing.
The Virgin had said to Bernadette: �I promise to make you happy, not in this world, but in the next.� These words of the Virgin were fulfilled fully in our saint. She suffered much during her life until her death at the age of 35. Bernadette�s health was very delicate; she was often in bed with high fevers and experienced many critical days with painful attacks of asthma.
Many found a cure in the fountain of Lourdes, but not Bernadette. One day she was asked: �Why don�t you drink from the water of the fountain? This water has cured others, why not you?� This insidious question could have become a temptation for Bernadette, but she was not disturbed. Bernadette responded:
�The Blessed Virgin perhaps desires for me to suffer. I need it.�
�Why you more than others?�
�The good God knows.�
�Will you return to the grotto again?�
�When the Pastor permits it.�
�Why doesn�t he permit it all the time?�
�Because all the people follow me.�
�You have gone before even though it was prohibited.�
�This was because I was pressured.�
�The Virgin said you will be happy in another world; therefore are you sure you are going to heaven?�
�O no, this is only if I do what is good.�
�Didn�t she tell you what to do to go to heaven?�
�You know it very well; it is not necessary for me to repeat it.�
Last years in Lourdes
Bernadette was unable to receive in her home the care she needed for her fragile health and the great numbers of curious visitors made her very tired. Seeing this need, Abbe Peyramal asked the Superior of the Lourdes Hospice to receive the child. The priest said: �The child should be with you because you can give her the care she needs in all aspects.�
In 1860, the Sisters of Charity of Nevers, who served in the hospital and the school, offered her help. Since that day she stayed under their roof with her delicate health but with orders to never attract attention to herself from anyone. Even when her parents moved from the jail to the mill, the sisters still gave her permission to stay with them. Her mother cried when she left, but she knew this was best for her daughter.
In the hospice Bernadette was assigned to the care of Sister Elizabeth who was to teach her to read and write. Bernadette was 16 years old, it was July of 1860. The superior told Sister Elizabeth: �It is said she is not too intelligent. See if there is a possibility to do something with her.�
Referring to Bernadette Sister Elizabeth said: �I found in her a vivid intelligence, perfect innocence and an exquisite heart.� She ended up reporting to the Mother Superior the following: �My dear Mother, you have been mislead. Bernadette is very intelligent and retains very well the doctrine given.�
Without being brilliant, Bernadette acquired a lot of knowledge. During her time in the hospice, she still acted like someone her age. She was honorable, sincere, pious and playful, very vivid, enjoyed laughter, saying jokes and playing games. Many times she was given the task of caring for the younger children, as customary in elementary schools. Bernadette showed herself to be as young and playful as the youngest girl.
One of the children said: �Bernadette was very simple. When we asked her to take care of us, she did so in such a way that she seemed like another child playing with us, not letting us be reminded of her miraculous adventure. Raised with the thought that our friend saw the Virgin Mary, we consider her very natural as a child of today who has seen the president of the Republic.�
Bernadette was completely natural in her daily behavior, but she was very serious in her Christian life.
During her growing years Bernadette had, like all young ladies, her moments of vanity, wanting to look good. But all these vanities passed by her rapidly without leaving a trace in her heart. Sister Victorina said: �The fever passed rapidly and didn�t harm her profound piety.�
The community also counted on Bernadette�s prayers. One day Mother Alejandrina suffered a sprain and the doctor recommended that she rest. However, she was very active and asked Bernadette to ask the Virgin to cure her. Bernadette immediately went to pray before the statue of the Virgin in the chapel. She prayed with all her heart. The following day the doctor found Mother Alejandrina occupied in her work, as if nothing had happened.
Her religious vocation
The Blessed Virgin Mary gave her a special grace by calling her to religious life. It seemed Bernadette never seriously considered marriage. In 1863 at the age of 19 or 20, her religious vocation was clearly presented to her. She thought of being a Carmelite, but it was not difficult for her to comprehend that her health was too delicate to confront the rigors of the Carmel.
Bishop Forcade of Nevers who guided Bernadette had in his diocese the Mother House of the Sisters of Charity of Hospice and the School of Lourdes. He asked Bernadette what her future intentions were and she responded:
�Dear Bishop, all I ask is to stay in this house as a servant.�
�But my child, haven�t you thought of becoming a religious like the sisters you are so close to?�
�O Bishop, I have never believed this was possible for an ignorant and poor child like me. You know very well that I�m poor and don�t have the necessary dowry.�
�Poverty should not detain you. An exception to the rule can be made and a young lady can be received without a dowry if she shows clear indications of a vocation.�
�Bishop, your words have touched me profoundly, I promise I will think about it.�
Bernadette knew a decision like this should not be done without consideration and reflection.
The Bishop was very complacent with her prudence and recommended her to take her time and to make a decision with complete liberty and without haste.
On August 1864, Bernadette said to the Mother Superior of the Hospice:
�My dear Mother, I have prayed much to know if I�m called to religious life. I believe the answer is yes. I would like to enter the congregation if I�m accepted. Permit me to write to the Bishop.�
In response, the Superior embraced Bernadette with tears of joy. After her decision, she experienced attacks of illnesses. The need to try several medicines to cure her delayed her entrance. In 1866 she wrote: �I�m more convinced than ever to leave the world. Now I have definitely decided and hope to leave it soon.�
Finally the great day came in July of 1866; she was 22 years old. She visited her beloved grotto for the last time with a farewell from the heart. �See this grotto? It was my heaven on earth.� The following day she said good-bye to her family and on July 4th, 1866, Bernadette left her birth place and never returned. Before departing she said a prayer inspired from the Magnificat in thanksgiving for the poverty of her servant. Directed to Mary she said: �Yes, dear Mother, you have come down to the earth to appear to a weak child. You, Queen of heaven and earth, have chosen what was the most humble according to the world.�
The religious, the saint
She departed to start her novitiate. She arrived at the convent of the Sisters of Charity of Nevers on July 7th, 1866 in the evening. On Sunday, Bernadette had a nostalgic attack that lead her to cry all day. She was encouraged by the sisters telling her that this was a good sign because her religious life should start with sacrifice. In the history of the Mother house one can read: �Bernadette is in reality all we have heard of her, humble in a supernatural way; simple and modest even though she has been exposed to things that would elevate her mind. She smiles and is sweet and happy, even though her illness is eating her up. This is the seal of holiness, suffering united with celestial joy.�
Sister Marie Bernard
Neither the Superior Mother Josefina Imbert nor the novice mistress Mother Maria Teresa Vausou understood the treasure God had given them. They did admit that the Virgin appeared to Bernadette, but they saw her so �ordinary� that they had difficulty in seeing her holiness. Apparently their idea of holiness was different from the Church�s.
In the diocesan process of Beatification, Rev. P. Peach, professor of dogmatic theology in the seminary of Moulins, said to his students: �The testimony was this: Bernadette was very ordinary. But when asked if she was faithful to the rules, if she needed to be corrected for disobedience or in reference to the vows of poverty, chastity, all the sisters agreed and said: O no, none of this.�
Why did the superiors treat her poorly? We can only respond that it was part of Divine Providence for the sanctification of Bernadette. Particularly the Novice Mistress, Mother Maria Teresa Vauzou, caused much spiritual suffering for Bernadette during the 13 years she lived in the convent. Mother Maria Teresa was known for her observant eye and her psychological penetration; but she was never capable of capturing this pure soul�s intimate union with God and total abandonment to the desires of God�s Divine Will that formed her interior life. Bernadette never studied forms of prayer, but spent hours praying, reciting her rosary with great devotion. She lived in perpetual union with the Virgin Mary and with Jesus through Her.
Bernadette was completely immersed in God
Upon receiving her postulant habit, her religious name was given; it was her same baptismal name- Sister Marie Bernard.
Anticipated profession
Three weeks after receiving the habit, Bernadette became gravely ill with a new attack of tuberculosis and had to be admitted to the infirmary. This crisis of asthmatic suffocation and of coughing was so serious that the doctor thought she would die soon.
Mother Superior called the Bishop and he administered the Extreme Unction, but she was unable to receive the Viaticum because of her constant coughing and vomiting of blood. Thinking Bernadette was to die soon, Mother Superior gave her the consolation of permitting her to pronounce her vows. She talked to the Bishop and the community approved.
Knowing what she was about to do, Bernadette responded with a thankful smile. Bishop Forcade presided over the ceremony. Bernadette gave her consent by signs because she was not able to speak. She was given the profession veil. All believed she was dying but Bernadette always put her health in the hands of Mary.
The new religious fell asleep and woke up the next morning very happy, declaring to her Superior: �My Reverend Mother, you allowed me to do my religious profession, thinking I was going to die. Well look, I�m not going to die.�
The Mother Superior responded: �You silly girl, you knew you were not going to die and did not tell us. In this case, if you have not died by tomorrow morning I will take your veil away.�
Sister Marie Bernard simply responded with admirable heroic submission: �As you wish, Reverend Mother.� Even though this caused her great pain she knew how to accept this chalice that the Lord sent her.
Her mother died on December 8th, 1866 at the age of 45 years. This was one of the greatest sufferings that Bernadette experienced. In her pain she said to the Lord: �My God, you have willed this! I accept the chalice you have given me. May your Name be blessed.�
During her novitiate Bernadette was treated harshly and perhaps with more cruelty than the rest of the novices. Her companions would say: �It is not good to be Bernadette.� But she accepted all and saw the hand of God in everything.
Bernadette professed on October 30th, 1867 with the name of Sister Marie Bernard. She was 23 years old. The happiness of this moment, however, was stained by cruel humiliation. When time came to distribute the newly professed sisters their work, Mother Superior responded to the Bishop�s question: �What about Sister Marie Bernard?� �O Bishop, we do not know what to do. She is good for nothing. If you desire, Bishop, we can try to use her as a helper in the infirmary.� The Bishop agreed. Sister Marie Bernard received the pain of this humiliation in her heart without any complaints or tears, she simply accepted the chalice.
The next chalice she was to drink was the death of her father in 1871, six years after the death of her mother. She did not get a chance to him after leaving Lourdes.
A sister found her crying in front of a statue of the Virgin Mary and when the sister was going to console her she said:�My sister, always have great devotion to the agony of our Savior. Saturday in the afternoon I prayed to Jesus in agony for all those who would die at this moment, and it was precisely the moment my father entered eternity. What a consolation it is for me to have helped him.�
She had to go through many tribulations; big and small humiliations bombarded her. She said: �When my emotions are too strong, I remember the words of Our Lord: �It is I, don�t be afraid.� I immediately appreciate and thank Our Lord for this grace of rejections and humiliations from my Superiors and sisters. It is the love of this Good Master who would remove the roots from this tree of pride. The more little I become, the more I grow in the Heart of Jesus.�
Bernadette was given a great gift in the beginning of 1874. She was an assistant in the infirmary, a job she loved very much, but her strength was diminishing.
After a bronchitis attack she had in the fall of 1873, for which she was hospitalized, it was determined she was too weak to continue helping in the infirmary and was given the work that required the least physical effort. It was at the same time the most important and the one which she loved more than being a helper in the infirmary.
Later she was named assistant sacristan. Her new position gave her the opportunity to spend more time in the chapel, close to the Blessed Sacrament. She was almost without supervision, something which permitted her to talk to the Lord in the Tabernacle without anyone thinking she was strange. She managed all the sacred vessels with great reverence. The corporal, purificators and albs were treated conscious that Jesus Incarnate touched them during the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. That is why she did not permit anyone to help her in this ministry. This gift, however, did not last too long because her health deteriorated. She became disabled from 1877 until her death. She was provided with all possible help and she obeyed all doctors orders.
She professed Perpetual Vows on September 22nd, 1878, during a period when she was feeling better. Her good health, however, did not last long. The following December 11th, she returned to the infirmary to never leave it. Her last months were very difficult. She went through the dark night of the soul. She lost her confidence, her peace of heart and the certitude of heaven. She was tempted with discouragement and desperation, thinking she was not worthy of salvation. This was her most bitter chalice and the greatest suffering.
She suffered very much physically. Being in bed created wounds all over her back. Her tuberculosis ridden leg burst. She developed abbesses in her ears, making her completely deaf for some time. If it were not for the evidence of her symptoms no one would suspect she was so sick. Her serene and joyful attitude did not manifest the profound suffering she was going through. Bernadette never lost her fortitude and acceptance.
To a sister who said she was going to pray to the Lord so He would console Bernadette, the latter responded: �No, no, no consolation, only strength and patience.�
Bernadette experienced her passion during Holy Week of 1879. On April 16th, 1879 she asked the religious to pray the rosary with her while she followed with fervor. At the end of the Hail Mary, she smiled as if she had encountered again the Virgin in the Grotto. Then she died at 3:15 PM. Her last words were the conclusion of the Hail Mary: �Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners...sinners...�
Her body was placed in the small Gothic Chapel situated in the center of the convent�s garden which was dedicated to St. Joseph. On September 22, 1909, 30 years after her death, her body was removed from this same chapel to be examined for the Diocesan Beatification process. The body was found in a perfectly preserved state. Her skin was hard, but intact and her color remained. A second examination occurred on April 18th, 1925, just before her beatification on June 12, 1925.
Bernadette was canonized on December 8th, 1933. We celebrate her feast day on the day she went to the Father�s house: April 16th.
Lourdes has become the most visited Marian Shrine of Europe and the second in the world after the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico. An infinite number of sick people have visited Lourdes and have been healed in the miraculous waters, but the greatest gift is still the amount of conversions of the heart.
Today, Saint Bernadette�s body can still be seen incorrupt in the Chapel of Nevers in the glass casket where she appears to be asleep. Her sweetness and peace touch all our hearts.
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Who topped the UK charts in 1977 with ‘Yes, Sir, I Can Boogie’? | Baccara - Yes Sir I Can Boogie (1977) - YouTube
Baccara - Yes Sir I Can Boogie (1977)
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The vegetable we call chicory is known as what in the USA? | Baccara — Yes Sir, I Can Boogie — Listen, watch, download and discover music for free at Last.fm
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"Yes Sir, I Can Boogie" is a 1977 hit single by the Spanish vocal duo Baccara. Written by Frank Dostal and Rolf Soja, and produced by Soja, this standard disco song was a major hit across Europe and became the duo's sole number one single in the UK, spending a single week at the top in October 1977. It did not chart in the United States, despite receiving airplay in several markets. It is one of the fewer than 10… read more
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In which 1971 film did Clint Eastwood play the d.j., and Jessica Walter the disturbed fan? | Play Misty for Me (1971) - IMDb
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Play Misty for Me ( 1971 )
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A brief fling between a male disc jockey and an obsessed female fan takes a frightening, and perhaps even deadly turn when another woman enters the picture.
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Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. See more awards »
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Storyline
Disc jockey Dave Garver attracts the amorous attentions of a demented fan named Evelyn Draper. Evelyn lets Dave pick her up at a bar; later at her apartment Evelyn admits that she is the cooing caller who repeatedly asks Dave to play the Erroll Garner classic "Misty." From then on, the film is a lesson in how one casual date can turn your whole life around. Evelyn stalks Dave everywhere, ruins his business lunch, assaults his maid, mutilates his house and all of his belongings, and finally threatens to butcher his girlfriend Tobie Williams. You'll never be able to hear that song again without looking over your shoulder. Written by alfiehitchie
...an invitation to terror... See more »
Genres:
12 November 1971 (USA) See more »
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Did You Know?
Trivia
The rights to the song "Misty" were obtained after Clint Eastwood saw Erroll Garner perform at the Concord Music Festival in 1970. Eastwood also paid 2,000 dollars for the use of the song "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" by Roberta Flack . See more »
Goofs
When Dave and Tobie are walking on the seashore Dave is seen on the right of her in a long shot but when the angle is changed to medium he is on the left and back on her right when the angle is changed again. See more »
Quotes
Definitely one of the best suspense movies ever.
20 December 1998 | by drewp-2
(USA) – See all my reviews
This movie has got to be on the top ten list of the best movies ever made. It's perfect. You really can't say anything negative about it because there is nothing wrong with it. It is paced just right, the acting is excellent, and its story is very engrossing. Play Misty for Me begins in California at Eastwood's radio station when he gets a call, with a very sexy voice, saying the film's title. He then has a little rendezvous with this woman, but when he decides to break it up, and go back to his original girl, she just won't leave him alone (the first Fatal Attraction, and the better). By the time the end comes (which is perfectly set in a secluded cliffside home)you are guaranteed to have jumped out of your seat, or you'll find yourself grabbing onto something, or biting your nails. I did. Hang on for a wild ride. Rating: **** out of ****
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| Play Misty for Me |
TV. Which TV family lives at 0001 Cemetery Lane? | Play Misty for Me - Buy, Rent, and Watch Movies & TV on Flixster
Fernando F. Croce
CinePassion
Clint Eastwood's first film as a director, and first investigation into the anxiety at the root of the Eastwood persona
Variety Staff
Variety
For that 80% of the film which constitutes the story, the structure and dialog create a mood of nervous terror which the other 20% nearly blows away.
Roger Ebert
Chicago Sun-Times
There is no purpose to a suspense thriller, I suppose, except to involve us, scare us, to give us moments of vicarious terror. Play Misty for Me does that with an almost cruel efficiency.
Jeffrey M. Anderson
Combustible Celluloid
Eastwood's camera is rarely misplaced, and he shows a talent for the thriller genre worthy of a comparison to Hitchcock.
Dave Kehr
Chicago Reader
Clint Eastwood wisely chose a strong, simple thriller for his first film as a director, and the project is remarkable in its self-effacing dedication to getting the craft right.
Roger Greenspun
New York Times
I think the fault lies with Clint Eastwood the director, who has made too many easy decisions about events, about the management of atmosphere, about the treatment of performances.
Full review…
Film4
The star chose to cut his teeth on this small-scale movie, and the result -- although inevitably dated by its terrible clothes and period ambience -- stands up well but only as good late night television viewing.
The scream you hear may be your own!
Jason Owens
Eastwood's directorial debut, and man what an awesome one it was! Spectacular suspense and different from any other movie.
Devon Bott
In "Play Misty For Me", Clint Eastwood (Dave) plays a radio D.J. who acquires a stalker, played by Jessica Walter (Evelyn). Evelyn seems sort of… More In "Play Misty For Me", Clint Eastwood (Dave) plays a radio D.J. who acquires a stalker, played by Jessica Walter (Evelyn). Evelyn seems sort of harmless at first, but after Dave starts sleeping with her, it quickly becomes obvious that she's a raving mental patient. Clint's not a pushover (never has been, never will be), but this lady clearly scares the bejesus out of him. What's great about this movie is, while Clint's playing "Dirty Harry" (a toughguy badass who happens to be a poetry-reading D.J.? Hmmm...), Evelyn is being played in an over-the-top campy manner that puts her on a level similar to Freddy Krueger. In fact, when the 2nd half of the movie starts to drag, it's only due to the lack of screentime being dedicated to Evelyn. When she returns in the final act, it's as a less-effective, knife-welding maniac that's so typical of horror films (the obsessed fan, "stalker" aspect of her character was much more terrifying). The way Clint/Dave finally ends this movie is simultaneously hilarious and awesome at the same time, and it's good, campy fun for everyone all around.
Melvin White
Evelyn: Careful! I might put your eye out.� "The scream you hear may be your own!" An interesting, if poorly dated, thriller. The only reason that… More Evelyn: Careful! I might put your eye out.� "The scream you hear may be your own!" An interesting, if poorly dated, thriller. The only reason that Play Misty for Me is a notable film is because it was Clint Eastwood's first directorial effort. If I look at the movie compared to what Eastwood would go on to make; this would be near the bottom. I'm not going to do that though because it would be unfair to this movie. By no means do I think that Play Misty for Me is really good. It has some entertainment value in all of the craziness of Evelyn, but it really isn't that good. As I said, it has dated extremely poor. There are tons of flaws in the film, from the acting to the editing.� Play Misty for Me follows a disc jokey named Dave who meets his number one fan. He hooks up with her, and believes that is all he signed up for. A one night stand is all he expected, but that isn't what Evelyn wants. She starts following him and interfering in his life. By now, we've seen this movie done many times over. It has pretty much been made into a whole new sub genre of thrillers. There are some good ones out there, and there are some piss poor ones out there. This falls somewhere in-between. I didn't think it was terrific, but it also isn't horrible. I'd lean more towards the bad side though. There's just too much wrong with it to overlook.� Looking back, this was a good experience for Eastwood. He got that first film under his belt, and back then it played to audiences well. Today, it just doesn't have that shock value it did then. It also isn't well made enough to still be considered anything other than average, at best. It does a few likable qualities to it though. I especially enjoyed how they pulled the very end of the film together. It made up for a lot of the middles mistakes. Worth the watch for the diehard Eastwood fan, but by no means should you consider this a must watch.
Dan Schultz
When a Radio DJ (Clint Eastwood) has a one-night stand with his #1 fan (Jessica Walter), she refuses to play nice and go away quietly, instead wrecking havoc on… More When a Radio DJ (Clint Eastwood) has a one-night stand with his #1 fan (Jessica Walter), she refuses to play nice and go away quietly, instead wrecking havoc on his simple, relaxing lifestyle. This movie is painfully dated, but I still liked it, only for different reasons. I had a great time making fun of it, Clint and his girlfriend take like 2-3 10 mile hikes it seems, just talking about simple matters bugging them. My main fear was taking Jessica Walter seriously after watching all three seasons of "Arrested Development", but she is terrifying in every aspect. Overall, it does have some good elements in it, it's not a four-star classic like Ebert and the like claim, but it's still a solid little thriller.
Cassandra Maples
In the early 70's Clint Eastwood was very anxious to direct a movie of his own and the producers gave him the opportunity to do so with one simple… More In the early 70's Clint Eastwood was very anxious to direct a movie of his own and the producers gave him the opportunity to do so with one simple condition: he wouldn't be receiving a paycheck from his work. Eastwood accepted this offer eagerly, directed "Play Misty for me" and the rest is, as we all know, movie history. "Play Misty for me" is a modest little thriller but it's more effective than a thousand electric shocks. Plot is rather simple but quite spectacular and Clint had the talent to tell it in a real exciting, stylish, strong, gripping and entertaining way. If someone's claiming that the story could never happen in reality I can only answer that it's impossible for me to agree. I actually used to date a girl who was annoyingly lot like Jessica Walter's Evelyn. More realistic the movie feels like, more powerful the experience obviously is and to me this film was almost frightfully realistic. Acting is superb. Eastwood's delivers a fantastic performance as Dave Garver and Jessica Walter is insanely great. One of the most sympathetic details of "Play Misty for me" is the fact that Clint gave a small supporting role of Murphy the bartender to his dearest friend and mentor Don Siegel. Siegel himself directed Clint in five movie classics: "Coogan's bluff", "Two mules for sister Sara", "The Beguiled", "Dirty Harry" and "Escape from Alcatraz". In the famous scene Dave Garver and Murphy are playing an absurd game called "Cry Bastion". Clint admitted in the DVD documentary that there's no such game at all - they were just fooling around and improvising the game while playing it and that makes the scene twice as amusing. I adore almost every moment of "Play Misty for me" but unfortunately somewhere in the middle of the film there's couple of totally unnecessary sequences. Other one is like an overromantic music video of a song "First time ever I saw your face" and afterwards there's a scene that makes the movie look more like a jazz festival documentary than a serious thriller and it needlessly breaks the excitement. Without those two scenes I would give "Play Misty for me" 10 out of 10. But now I'll have to settle with "only" 4 and a half. "Play Misty for me" started Eastwood's directorial career and it still remains to be one of the most powerful motion picture debuts acting director has ever made. It is such a terrific and marvelous suspense film it's almost touching to watch. This movie is an adorable classic and after 21 movies Clint has directed since, "Play Misty for me" has definitely place in the better half.
Pierluigi Puccini
Clint Eastwoods's curious directorial debut. Despite the amateurishness, dated look and some arrhythmic narration, Eastwood manages some pretty intense… More Clint Eastwoods's curious directorial debut. Despite the amateurishness, dated look and some arrhythmic narration, Eastwood manages some pretty intense moments. A fun 70s funky thriller.
Randy Tippy
The original <i>Fatal Attraction</i>. Still effective, though the soundtrack is slightly dated. Creepy, ominous and thrilling. *NOTE: Maybe… More The original <i>Fatal Attraction</i>. Still effective, though the soundtrack is slightly dated. Creepy, ominous and thrilling. *NOTE: Maybe it's just me, but I've never seen Donna Mills look this good.
Dean King
A great little thriller and the first film directed by Clint Eastwood. I imagine quite powerful in its day, one of the first obsessive, stalker thrillers. No… More A great little thriller and the first film directed by Clint Eastwood. I imagine quite powerful in its day, one of the first obsessive, stalker thrillers. No doubt encouraged the likes of Fatal attraction and countless others.
Chris Garman
Actors always want to be directors. It seems to be a right of passage that every actor seems to think that they can do a better job than the guy behind the… More Actors always want to be directors. It seems to be a right of passage that every actor seems to think that they can do a better job than the guy behind the camera. Clint Eastwood seemed to be one of those actors and in 1971 Universal allowed Clint Eastwood to take a crack at directing, thinking that if we throw him a bone he'll do another western for the studio. Instead he gave them a little thriller called Play Misty For Me that planted the seeds of a second career as an actor. Clint Eastwood stars as Dave Garver, a small town jazz disc jockey tom cats around town on a wave of popularity. But good old Dave is trying to change his ways and get back with his steady girlfriend Toby (Donna Mills). The problem is he's gotten involved with a fan who requests Misty nightly named Evelyn (Jessica Walter). Dave saw their relationship as a typical one night stand. Evelyn is more clingy than that. And a little more violent as he tries to juggle his new problem with his old flame. Play Misty For Me represents Eastwood's first work behind the camera and shows that he had been studying a bit. Misty is a solid film that delivers it thrills with a cast that is above average. Eastwood and Walter really carry the film with Donna Mills over acting a bit in her damsel that doesn't know she's in distress role. For all of Eastwood's good direction, there are a few sequences that tend to show how green he was behind the camera, particularly the long winded Robert Flack and Monterey Jazz sequences that drag the film to a grinding halt. Thankfully, Eastwood gets the film back on track after these horrendous segments. For a directorial debut Play Misty For Me is a solid piece of film making from Clint Eastwood. It's a film that was ahead of it's time in that it led the obsessed love interest craze that have filled cinemas by over fifteen years. It's also a representation of the first effort of a director whose career has exploded into better films as time has past. Yes, Misty is dated, but it's still a classic thriller that stands the test of time (wardrobe excluded).
Stephen M
Eastwood's fine first directorial effort. The great thing about this film is the way he subverts his heroic onscreen persona by playing a womanizing… More Eastwood's fine first directorial effort. The great thing about this film is the way he subverts his heroic onscreen persona by playing a womanizing sleaze-ball, terrorized by a clingy conquest. Jessica Walter is so good in this that I find it astonishing that a string of impressive movie credits didn't follow; I remember seeing her in a substandard episode of "Columbo", made a couple of years later, but that's about it. The movie is a little rough around the edges and considerably dated but the shocks still work. Nice views of the California coastline, too.
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Darts. What is the lowest score not possible to score with one dart? | Lowest score impossible to get with 3 darts., page 1
Lowest score impossible to get with 3 darts.
page: 1
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On a regular dartboard, with 3 throws. What is the lowest possible score you can't hit. Disregard the rules that you have to throw out with a double.
I got the answer by trying, but I want to know if theres a elegant way of getting the right answer.
Um, wouldn't that be "1"?
It's the lowest score, and you can't hit (to) it in three darts...
Maybe you mean highest possible score... hmm, I'm thinking 301 - 141 = 160. You start at 301, right?
reply to post by BcnDiamond
if a dart must hit the scoring section the answers 3, if it just has to hit the board, the answer is 0, so lowest score you can('t) hit would be 0 i guess.
[edit on 23/1/09 by pieman]
Good question, would be interesting to know.
172, i would guess.
reply to post by BcnDiamond
if a dart must hit the scoring section the answers 3, if it just has to hit the board, the answer is 0, so lowest score you can('t) hit would be 0 i guess.
[edit on 23/1/09 by pieman]
He means with 3 scoring darts what is the least you cannot score. Any combination of 3 scoring darts, what is the lowest you cannot get.
oh right, i get ya, triple 20 is the highest scoring slot so 180 is the highest score on three darts, that'll leave 121 if you're playing 301 and 321 if you're playing 501.
EDIT: hang on, nope, still don't think i get it. cannot get, what?!?
[edit on 23/1/09 by pieman]
301 - 3*20 - 3*20 - 9 = 172
So a triple 20, another triple 20, and a nine would give you 172, so that is a possible score with three darts...
LOL , what i mean is:
You start from zero, then throw three darts, which must hit.
What is then the lowest possible score you can't hit.
The answer will come to you, if you calculate a couple possibilities, but really im looking for a simple explanation or formula for the correct answer.
301 - 3*20 - 3*20 - 9 = 172
So a triple 20, another triple 20, and a nine would give you 172, so that is a possible score with three darts...
You have misread the question. He is asking what is the lowest number you cannot score with 3 scoring darts.
I think it is 172, as you cannot get that with 3 darts. If you guys can find a lower number than good luck to anyone.
LOL , what i mean is:
You start from zero, then throw three darts, which must hit.
What is then the lowest possible score you can't hit.
The answer will come to you, if you calculate a couple possibilities, but really im looking for a simple explanation or formula for the correct answer.
So is there a number lower than 172 that you can get?
have you worked out the answer?
LOL , what i mean is:
You start from zero, then throw three darts, which must hit.
What is then the lowest possible score you can't hit.
The answer will come to you, if you calculate a couple possibilities, but really im looking for a simple explanation or formula for the correct answer.
So is there a number lower than 172 that you can get?
have you worked out the answer?
Yes there is, but your talking about numbers here and certain possibilities there must be a formula or something to calculate the answer. Ill give you a few thoughts before giving the answer.
I think the answer is the sum of
dart 1 maximum score
dart 3 first impossible score to hit with one dart
(or in different order)
I dont think there is a formula for the first impossible score with one dart, you just have to go threw all the possibilities
[edit on 23-1-2009 by Just-Think]
Consider the points you could make, with three darts. You can get 0-5 points by missing the first two darts:
miss, miss, miss = 0
miss, miss, four = 4
miss, miss, five = 5
Then, you can get 6-11 points by hitting two triple 1's, and another miss or 1-5:
triple 1, triple 1, miss = 6
triple 1, triple 1, one = 7
triple 1, triple 1, two = 8
triple 1, triple 1, three = 9
triple 1, triple 1, four = 10
triple 1, triple 1, five = 11
That pattern repeats: two triple 2's plus another dart give 12-17:
triple 2, triple 2, miss = 12
triple 2, triple 2, one = 13
triple 2, triple 2, two = 14
triple 2, triple 2, three = 15
triple 2, triple 2, four = 16
triple 2, triple 2, five = 17
Allowing all possible scores, all the way though two triple 20's:
triple 20, triple 20, miss = 120
triple 20, triple 20, one = 121
triple 20, triple 20, two = 122
triple 20, triple 20, three = 123
triple 20, triple 20, four = 124
triple 20, triple 20, five = 125
...
triple 20, triple 20, single 20 = 140
Then, you have to look at non-singles for the third dart:
triple 20, triple 20, 21 (triple 7) = 141
triple 20, triple 20, 22 (double 11) = 142
triple 20, triple 20, 23 is prime, however - so 143 can't be hit!
301 - 143 = 158
| 23 |
Who wrote the famous children’s book ‘Heidi’, published in 1880? | Brain Teasers
Posted by mad-ade
04/11/02
you cannot score 0 on a dart board, unless you miss and then it isn't clased as a score. There fore the lowest number you can't get with three valid darts is one, because if each dart is valid then the minimum score possible is three. if the dart misses then it isnt valid.
Posted by cathalmccabe
04/12/02
OK I don't play darts, but if you throw one dart, get one, and miss with the other two darts do they let you take them again? I submitted this puzzle for maths, not logic so as far as I can see, 0 can be "scored" 1 can be scored with 3 darts etc all the way up
Posted by mad-ade
04/12/02
if you throw three darts at a board, and two miss, then you have only "used" one dart to make a score not three. it is impossible to score 1 with three darts, the two that missed don't really count, because in reality you could just drop them on the floor, and claim that you have used three darts. using a standard dart board only darts that land in a designated scoring segment count as valid darts. there is no such scoring segment that scores 0. for the darts to count they have to land in the segments. if you throw three dart and only one lands in a scoring segment, then you have only scored using one dart, not three.
Posted by lessthanjake789
09/26/06
to answer the annoying "3 darts" question - if you miss the board completely, then fine, that doesnt count... but if you hit the board, just not inside the numbered part (so, that little inch or so strip along the edge), its a valid throw resulting in 0
Posted by lessthanjake789
09/26/06
Now, as for what numbers you cannot get... consider 23 the last important number because that is the first prime number not on the board (therefore unattainable). 23 on top of 120 does make 143 the SEEMINGLY lowest number, assuming the other 2 are as high as possible. However, as has been noted repeatedly, there are other combinations because you CAN score higher than 23. So this opens up a world of possibilities... and restrictions, too, i think. I will work on it and come back though, not enough time now.
Posted by lessthanjake789
09/26/06
The list of numbers between 0 and 60 not possible on a dart board are as follows - 23, 25, 29, 31, 35, 37, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59. Obviously the HIGHEST number unattainable would be 179 (obviously with 180 as the ceiling, as its the highest possible). Combinations of additions must be taken into account for other numbers, though. Again, ill be back when i have more time
Posted by lessthanjake789
09/26/06
hahaha. I had to reread that comment about 7 times cause it said i had curse words in there.... i finally realized i transposed a C and the O in account. anyways
Posted by Jimbo
04/26/09
I have googled the rules for darts and as far as I can see, if I am playing an opponent and they throw three darts that miss the board, then their score is zero? What else could you write down? They don't get to take the throws again! I don't get the objections. :cry:
Posted by markescali
10/27/11
Ok,Considering S[1-10],D[2-40],T[3-60],outRing25 and bEye50...the score will be between min4 and max 170. With a program.... an impossible one is 163... not sure its the lowest.... any numbers ... just to test my program? ;)
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In 1980, who briefly joined her family band Clannad, before leaving to perform solo? | Enya - song of the sandman lullaby - YouTube
Enya - song of the sandman lullaby
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Published on Feb 12, 2013
Enya (born Eithne Ní Bhraonáin; Irish pronunciation: [ˈɛnʲə nʲiː ˈvˠɾˠiːn̪ˠaːnʲ], anglicised as Enya Brennan; 17 May 1961) is an Irish singer, instrumentalist, and songwriter.
Enya began her musical career in 1980, when she briefly joined her family band Clannad before leaving to perform solo. She gained wider recognition for her music in the 1986 BBC series The Celts. Shortly afterwards, her 1988 album Watermark propelled her to further international fame and she became known for her distinctive sound, characterised by voice-layering, folk melodies, synthesised backdrops and ethereal reverberations.[2] She has performed in 10 languages.[3]
Enya continued to enjoy steady success during the 1990s and 2000s; her 2000 album A Day Without Rain sold 15 million copies,[4] and became the top selling new age album of the 2000s in the US, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[5] She was named the world's best selling female artist of 2001.[6] She is Ireland's best-selling solo musician[7] and is officially the country's second-largest musical export after the band U2.[8] Her records sales were more than 75 million worldwide,[9] with over 26.5 million in album sales in the US.[10] Her work has earned her four Grammy Awards and an Academy Award nomination.
Category
| Enya |
Aka zinc blende, and consisting largely of zinc sulphide, what is the chief ore of zinc? | Enya Rankings & Opinions
36 lists
Enya
Enya is an Irish singer, instrumentalist, and songwriter. Enya began her musical career in 1980, when she briefly joined her family band Clannad before leaving to perform solo. She gained wider recognition for her music in the 1986 BBC series The Celts. Shortly afterwards, her 1988 album Watermark propelled her to further international fame and she became known for her distinctive sound, characterised by voice-layering, folk melodies, synthesised backdrops and ether...
| i don't know |
Which country has two stacked triangles as its flag? | Vexillology - the Study of Flags
Vexillology - The Study of Flags
Vexillology - The Study of Flags
Facts and Information About Flags
The Kiribati flag is unique with a yellow bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean. Source: CIA World Factbook, 2007
By Katherine Schulz Richard, Geography Intern
Updated August 31, 2015.
Vexillology is the scholarly study of something seen very associated with geography - flags! The word comes from the Latin "vexillum," meaning "flag" or "banner." Flags originally helped ancient armies coordinate on the battlefield. Today, every country and many organizations have a flag. Flags can represent land or maritime boundaries and possessions. Flags are usually hoisted on a flagpole and flown so that everyone can be reminded of the values and history of the country. Flags incite patriotism and respect for those who lost their lives fighting for its values.
Common Flag Designs
Many flags have three vertical (pales) or horizontal (fesses) divisions, each of a different or rotating color.
France's Tricolore has vertical divisions of blue, white, and red.
Hungary's flag has horizontal bands of red, white, and green.
The Scandinavian countries all have crosses of different colors on their flags, representing Christianity. Denmark's flag is the oldest flag design still in use, as it was designed in the 13th century.
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Test Your General Science Knowledge
Many flags, such as Turkey , Algeria , Pakistan , and Israel have images of religious symbols, such as crescents to represent Islam.
Many countries in Africa have green, red, black, and yellow on their flags, representing people, bloodshed, fertile land, and hope for independence and peace (for example - Uganda and the Republic of the Congo ).
Some flags show national coats of arms or shields, such as Spain .
Vexillology Is Based on Colors and Symbols
A vexillologist is someone who designs flags. A vexillographer studies flags and what their shapes, patterns, colors, and images represent. For example, the flag of Mexico has three colors - green, white, and red, formed in vertical lines of equal size. In the center is a picture of the Mexican coat of arms, a Golden Eagle eating a snake. This represents Mexico's Aztec history. Green represents hope, white represents purity, and red represents religion.
Vexillographers also study the changes made to flags through time. For example, the previous flag of Rwanda had a large "R" in the middle. It was changed in 2001 ( new flag ) because the flag was largely seen as a symbol of the horrific 1994 Rwandan genocide.
Prominent Vexillologists and Vexillographers
There are perhaps two main authorities on flags today. Dr. Whitney Smith, an American, coined the term "vexillology" in 1957 when he was a teenager. Today, he is a flag scholar and helped create the North American Vexillological Association in the late 1960s. He runs the Flag Research Center in Massachusetts. Many countries have recognized his great abilities and asked for his help designing their flags. He was chosen to design the flag of Guyana in 1966. After studying the country's culture, economy, and history, he made green represent Guyana's agriculture, gold represents great mineral deposits, and red represents the people's great determination and love for their country.
Graham Bartram is a British vexillologist who designed the most commonly used flag for Antarctica . It has a light blue background with a white map of Antarctica in the center.
The United States Flag
The United States' flag has thirteen stripes, for the thirteen original colonies, and one star for every state.
The United Kingdom Flag
The United Kingdom's flag, called the Union Jack , is a combination of the flags of patron saints St. George, St. Patrick, and St. Andrew. The Union Jack appears on the flag of numerous other countries and territories, which were historically or currently are possessions of the United Kingdom.
Unusually Shaped or Designed Flags
Every country's flag is a quadrilateral except for Nepal's flag . It is shaped like two stacked triangles, representing the Himalaya Mountains and the two religions of Hinduism and Buddhism. The sun and moon represent the hope that the country will live as long as these celestial bodies. (Znamierowski)
Switzerland and the Vatican City are the only two countries with square flags.
Libya's flag is entirely green, representing Islam. It has no other colors or designs, making it the only flag like it in the world.
Bhutan's flag has a dragon on it. It is called the Thunder Dragon, which is the symbol of the nation. Kenya's flag has a shield on it, representing the courage of the Masai warriors. The flag of Cyprus has an outline of the country on it. Cambodia's flag has Angkor Wat on it, a popular historical attraction.
Flags That Differ on Their Front and Reverse Sides
Saudi Arabia's flag has a sword and the Arabic inscription for "There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." Since the flag contains sacred writing, the reverse side of the flag is a duplicate of the front and two flags are usually sewn together.
The reverse side of Moldova's flag does not include the emblem. The reverse side of Paraguay's flag contains the treasury seal .
The flag of the U.S. state of Oregon has the state seal on the front and the reverse side includes a beaver.
States and Provinces
Each U.S. state and Canadian province has its own unique flag. Some flags are quite unique. California's flag has a picture of a grizzly bear, which represents strength. The state's flag also includes the inscription, "California Republic," referring to the short period of time that California had declared independence from Mexico.
Wyoming's flag has a picture of a bison, for Wyoming's agricultural and livestock heritage. The red symbolizes Native Americans and the blue represents landscapes such as skies and mountains. The state of Washington's flag has a portrait of President George Washington. Ohio's flag is shaped like a pennant. It is the only state flag that is not rectangular.
New Brunswick , a Canadian province, has a picture of a ship on its flag for its shipbuilding and seafaring history.
Conclusion
Flags have many similarities, but many are quite distinctive. Flags symbolize past struggles such as bloody quests for independence, present virtues and identity, and future goals of a country and its inhabitants. Vexillologists and vexillographers research how flags change through time, and how that knowledge can be used to make the world more peaceful and diplomatic, as many people are willing to die to defend their beloved country's flag and its values.
Reference
| Nepal |
In 1988, who became the first woman elected to serve a Muslim state? | 15 of the World's Strangest Flags (swaziland flag, funny flags) - ODDEE
15 of the World's Strangest Flags
10/12/2009
1
Fryslan (Netherlands)
Someone from Fryslan in the Netherlands must love Frogger. Or Chinese fortune cookies. Either way, they made this flag odd and ugly enough to be our first on the list. ( Source )
2
Guam
Guam's flag is just horrible, it looks as if they've just bought a T-shirt from the nearest souvenir shop and put it on a flag pole. Even if this was the case, we have a hard time believing that they couldn't find a better T-shirt. ( Source )
3
Benin
This was the flag of the Benin Empire, that was situated in modern Nigeria. A pre-colonial African state, it lasted from 1440 to 1897. ( Source )
4
Swaziland
Swaziland's flag. The colors go well together and the design is interesting; unfortunately, this is not a kitchen towel. While we're sure the shield and spears are traditional and part of Swaziland's culture, having weapons in your flag just sends the wrong message, not to mention the poor school children in Swaziland. Trying to make an accurate drawing of this flag for independence day must be a nightmare. ( Source )
5
Isle of Man
The flag of the Isle of Man shows a triskelion, the Three Legs of Man emblem, in the centre of a red flag. The three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee. In order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used. ( Source )
6
Antwerp (Belgium)
One of the worst flags in the world comes from the state of Antwerp in Belgium. It's a chess set on acid. The flag is made of 24 square pieces, in 4 rows and 6 columns. The pieces in the upper right and lower left corners of the flag are white, the neighbouring pieces are blue, yellow, red and white, respectively. ( Source )
7
Mozambique
The hoe and the book in Mozambique's flag convey the best characteristics a nation wants in its people. But, an AK-47?! ( Source )
8
Kyrgyzstan... Is that a tennis ball on this flag?
9
Bhutan's flag wins the award for the most bad-ass ever.
10
Northern Marianas Islands' flag appears to have been created from clip art. ( Source )
11
U.S. Virgin Islands
Another unspeakably horrible flag from a U.S. territory, the U.S. Virgin Islands. They actually have to use it. ( Source )
12
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic's flag has managed to make an incredibly busy flag with just five straight lines, and one lonely star. While this flag looks horrible enough as it is, if it is seen waving in the wind, it actually induces seizures. ( Source )
13
Lombardy (Italy)
Lombardy in Italy must have invented the game of Jacks, mustn't it? Not much else can explain this flag, that is simple to point of boredom, but still includes a slightly nauseous shade of green. ( Source )
14
Nepal
Nepal is the only country in the world that doesn't have a rectangular flag; Nepalese flag is shaped like two overlapping triangles. ( Source )
15
Libya
Libya's flag, adopted on an uninspired night of 1977, consists of a simple green field with no other characteristics. It is the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, insignia, or other details. ( Source )
From the Web
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Who was sacked as Cardiff City manager on December 27th, 2013? | Malky Mackay sacked by Cardiff - ITV News
27 December 2013 at 1:43pm
Malky Mackay sacked by Cardiff
Cardiff City have sacked Malky Mackay as manager. His exit had been widely predicted after owner Vincent Tan last week sent him an email demanding he resign or be sacked. Tan has attacked Mackay for airing the club's "dirty linen" in public.
Cardiff City's owner, Vincent Tan, has issued a statement on his decision to sack manager Malky Mackay, saying it was "no longer fair" for the "uncomfortable state of affairs" around his posting to continue, according to Wales Online .
Cardiff City's owner, Vincent Tan, has spoken out on his sacking of manager Malky Mackay
Credit: Adam Davy/PA Wire/Press Association Images
"There has been a good deal of publicity generated by and about Mr Malky Mackay over the last few months," Tan said. "Indeed far too much dirty linen has been exposed to the public gaze.
"But, I stress, not by me. Indeed, I have deliberately not responded to this, hoping that the club can be judged on its football rather than personalised arguments about who said what to whom.
"I have, however, regretfully concluded that it is no longer fair to the club, its players, its fans, or the public more generally, for this uncomfortable state of affairs to continue. Cardiff City Football Club means far too much to us all for it to be distracted by this."
Fans protested against controversial owner yesterday
Hundreds of Cardiff City fans gathered before the side's 3-0 home defeat to Southampton to protest against owner Vincent Tan.
Fans have been unhappy with the Malaysian businessman who changed the club's colours from blue to red and sent Malky Mackay an email demanding he resign or be sacked .
Despite the ultimatium being briefly lifted, the 3-0 Boxing Day defeat against Southampton proved to be the 42-year-old's final game in charge.
A large group of fans protested against the controversial owner.
Credit: PA Wire
Fans of all ages turned out with posters to show their anger about the way Vincent Tan is running the club.
Credit: PA Wire
Fans show their support for the Scottish manager.
Credit: PA Wire
| Malky Mackay |
Who played the title character in ‘Father, Dear Father’ (1968 – 1973)? | Malky Mackay Finally Departs As Manager of Cardiff City | The Sack Race
Malky Mackay Finally Departs As Manager of Cardiff City
by Jack Kitson / 27 December 2013, 13:59
It's been a 'will he, won't he' storyline for several weeks now but finally, Cardiff City's ruthless owner, Vincent Tan, has swung the axe on Malky Mackay on Thursday, 27th December.
Mackay guided the Bluebirds to promotion to the Premier League from the Championship last season and had made a reasonable start to life in the top flight, picking up 17 points from the first 18 games. However, with the team seemingly flirting with relegation, the Malaysian owner has called time.
Earlier this month, Tan had publically told Mackay that he must resign or face being sacked - news that was met with disgust amongst not only Cardiff fans but the wider football community. It had appeared that the businessman, who controversially changed the team's colours from blue to red, has listened to the fans and backed down but following back-to-back defeats to Liverpool and Southampton, the trigger was pulled on Mackay.
The Scotsman leaves the club with an impressive record of 54 wins from 125 games in charge and his departure will go down as one of the most unjust dismissals in football history and the 41-year-old won't be out of work long with a host of clubs sure to be after his services.
The race to be next Cardiff manager is led by Ole Gunnar Solskjaer with Sven Goran Eriksson, Yilmaz Vural, Roberto Di Matteo and Dave Jones also in the running.
Managers Departed
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Since 2009, who has played Lee Mack’s character’s father in ‘Not Going Out’? | Not Going Out characters - British Comedy Guide
Played by: Lee Mack
Unburdened by ambition or drive, lazy Lee drifts from one ill-advised job to another. His was an ice cream van man for a while.
In the first series Lee lived off the goodwill and generosity of his landlady Kate. They started with an easy-going, comfortable friendship however it soon begun to move into un-charted waters when it became apparent they both fancied each other. The problem was Lee couldn't really act on his feelings as Kate used to go out with a guy called Tim... who just happens to be Lee's best mate!
Lee defuses most situations by using jokes - he finds it hard to be serious - a character trait which often gets him into trouble.
When Kate moves back to America, Tim puts the flat up for sale - leaving Lee potentially facing homelessness. At first Lee announces he'll buy the flat himself however his inability to earn a steady income means he eventually ends up renting the spare room from the new owner - Tim's younger sister Lucy.
It isn't long before Lee finds he has feelings for his new landlady too, she is after all quite attractive. Once again there were barriers in the way of Lee having a relationship though - in this case it was the fact that Lucy already had a boyfriend, the rich and suave Guy. Lee doesn't make much of an attempt to hide what he thinks of Guy - taking the mickey out of his age soon becomes a funny hobby. Guy and Lucy have since split up, but still Lee hasn't quite managed to make a move on Lucy yet...
Lucy (Series 2-8)
AKA: Lucy Adams. Played by: Sally Bretton
Lucy has spent a number of years in Zurich working as a successful business women. Upon returning to England she has bought the flat and now reluctantly rents out the spare room to Lee (it was part of the deal).
Lucy is very career-minded. She is a young, confident, successful go-getter. As a result there is a lot of tension between Lucy and Tim, who is her brother - he's jealous of her, whilst she thinks he's an underachiever. Much of the sibling-rivaly stems from the fact that Lucy is the favourite sibling with their mum and dad, whilst Tim is looked upon as a disappointment.
During the second series Lucy was going out with Guy - her boss and a man 20 years her senior. Despite the fact she was dating Guy there was clearly some romantic tension when Lee is in the same room. At the end of the series two Lucy and Guy split - does this now mean Lee has a chance?
Frank (Series 3-8)
Played by: Bobby Ball
Frank is Lee's lazy and feckless father. He can often be found dossing in Lucy's flat or in some kind of trouble that Lee is forced to help him get out of.
Toby (Series 7-8)
Played by: Hugh Dennis
Toby is Lee and Lucy's new neighbour. He lives with his controlling wife Anna, which is why he can often be found down the pub with Lee, even though the two share little in common.
Geoffrey
Played by: Timothy West (Series 2-3) Geoffrey Whitehead (Series 4-8)
Geoffrey is Lucy and Tim's dad. He thinks his son is a wet blanket (he's right), but loves his daughter very much.
Geoffrey is stern and to the point, and doesn't hide the fact that he doesn't like Lee.
Wendy (Series 2-8)
Played by: Deborah Grant
Wendy is Lucy and Tim's kind and caring mother.
Lee often says, normally by accident, inappropriate things in front of her. He ties himself in knots trying not to say anything too sexual to her.
Tim (Series 1-5)
AKA: Tim Adams. Played by: Tim Vine
Tim is Lee's best mate. He's rather uptight and sensible - they make an odd pair.
Before Kate moved back to America, Tim used to do everything he could to continue to see his ex-girlfriend. He'd often turn up at the flat with a rubbish excuse for being there. He even tried to get Kate back by inviting her to his Grandma's funeral in a hope she'd feel sorry for him!
Tim works as an accountant for the local council. He is not what you would call a risk-taker or a party animal. He has made one big mistake in his life though - having a brief romantic encounter with a girl quite a bit younger than he is - it's something Kate never let him forget.
Now that his best mate Lee is living with his 'little sister', Tim has something new to worry about: it doesn't take long before he becomes suspicious about what his best friend's feelings might be in relation to his sibling.
Tim has a new girlfriend now - he is going out with the lovely, but very dim, Daisy.
Tim and Daisy have split up by the time Series 6 starts, with Tim working in Germany, so we don't see him any more. However, he does return at the end of Series 7 for Lee's special day.
Daisy (Series 2-7)
Played by: Katy Wix
Daisy is Tim's dim girlfriend. She pitches into conversations with little knowledge and is also very gullible.
Her lack of intelligence clearly embarrasses Tim, as a result it is a bit of a mystery why he is still going out with her.
Barbara (Series 2-3)
Played by: Miranda Hart
Barbara was Lucy and Lee's flat cleaner - well in theory she was, in actual fact she seemed to spend most of her time lazing around and eating food out of their fridge.
Why Lucy didn't sack Barbara is a bit of a mystery - she was more than a little clumsy, which isn't a great attribute for a cleaner to have. On the rare occassions Barbara did try and do her job, she almost always ended up breaking something.
Barbara was quite bold and confident... and most definitely not quite all there, preferring to spend time in her own world instead. Barbara was not afraid to stick her oar into domestic disputes should she happen to be loitering around nearby... which she invariably always was.
Although she is the managing director and CEO of the cleaning company she works for, it should be pointed out she is actually the only member of staff!
Barbara isn't cleaning the flat any more - it's not mentioned, but it's likely she was sacked.
Guy (Series 2)
Played by: Simon Dutton
Guy is a successful, sophisticated fiftysomething entrepreneur. First seen in episode two of series two, Guy was Lucy's new boss and soon became her new boyfriend too.
Due to a mis-understanding, Lucy initially thought Guy was gay - however, even then, she was clearly attracted to him and attempted to 'turn him straight'. When it transpires that Guy is actually straight and fancied her, it wasn't long before they were locking lips.
Lee and Guy were unlikely to ever get on. They share nothing in common and the fact that Guy dominated life in the flat and got to kiss the lady Lee loves was clearly a problem for Lee. As a result, Lee made jokes about how much older Guy was than the rest of them at every opportunity he got. He also tried to find ways to dis-credit Guy (for example breaking into his office to try and find evidence that he is a gangster). It emerged during the series that amongst Guy's business interests was a lap-dancing club. Lucy and Guy have now split up.
Kate (Series 1)
Played by: Megan Dodds
Kate was Lee's kind and generous landlady during the first series. She was more than just a rent collector though... she was determined to push Lee into making something of his life.
Kate is from California and so, like a lot of people from that region of America, pays a lot of attention to her health. She was continually trying to coax Lee into eating some of her disgustingly-healthy homemade food.
Despite the fact Kate's personality was quite different from Lee's they still found themselves attracted to each other, but she also sometimes found herself wondering whether breaking up with Tim was such a great idea.
Kate has now moved back to America.
| Bobby Ball |
Trains on which line were suspended in January, after wet concrete flooded a control room? | Not Going Out characters - British Comedy Guide
Played by: Lee Mack
Unburdened by ambition or drive, lazy Lee drifts from one ill-advised job to another. His was an ice cream van man for a while.
In the first series Lee lived off the goodwill and generosity of his landlady Kate. They started with an easy-going, comfortable friendship however it soon begun to move into un-charted waters when it became apparent they both fancied each other. The problem was Lee couldn't really act on his feelings as Kate used to go out with a guy called Tim... who just happens to be Lee's best mate!
Lee defuses most situations by using jokes - he finds it hard to be serious - a character trait which often gets him into trouble.
When Kate moves back to America, Tim puts the flat up for sale - leaving Lee potentially facing homelessness. At first Lee announces he'll buy the flat himself however his inability to earn a steady income means he eventually ends up renting the spare room from the new owner - Tim's younger sister Lucy.
It isn't long before Lee finds he has feelings for his new landlady too, she is after all quite attractive. Once again there were barriers in the way of Lee having a relationship though - in this case it was the fact that Lucy already had a boyfriend, the rich and suave Guy. Lee doesn't make much of an attempt to hide what he thinks of Guy - taking the mickey out of his age soon becomes a funny hobby. Guy and Lucy have since split up, but still Lee hasn't quite managed to make a move on Lucy yet...
Lucy (Series 2-8)
AKA: Lucy Adams. Played by: Sally Bretton
Lucy has spent a number of years in Zurich working as a successful business women. Upon returning to England she has bought the flat and now reluctantly rents out the spare room to Lee (it was part of the deal).
Lucy is very career-minded. She is a young, confident, successful go-getter. As a result there is a lot of tension between Lucy and Tim, who is her brother - he's jealous of her, whilst she thinks he's an underachiever. Much of the sibling-rivaly stems from the fact that Lucy is the favourite sibling with their mum and dad, whilst Tim is looked upon as a disappointment.
During the second series Lucy was going out with Guy - her boss and a man 20 years her senior. Despite the fact she was dating Guy there was clearly some romantic tension when Lee is in the same room. At the end of the series two Lucy and Guy split - does this now mean Lee has a chance?
Frank (Series 3-8)
Played by: Bobby Ball
Frank is Lee's lazy and feckless father. He can often be found dossing in Lucy's flat or in some kind of trouble that Lee is forced to help him get out of.
Toby (Series 7-8)
Played by: Hugh Dennis
Toby is Lee and Lucy's new neighbour. He lives with his controlling wife Anna, which is why he can often be found down the pub with Lee, even though the two share little in common.
Geoffrey
Played by: Timothy West (Series 2-3) Geoffrey Whitehead (Series 4-8)
Geoffrey is Lucy and Tim's dad. He thinks his son is a wet blanket (he's right), but loves his daughter very much.
Geoffrey is stern and to the point, and doesn't hide the fact that he doesn't like Lee.
Wendy (Series 2-8)
Played by: Deborah Grant
Wendy is Lucy and Tim's kind and caring mother.
Lee often says, normally by accident, inappropriate things in front of her. He ties himself in knots trying not to say anything too sexual to her.
Tim (Series 1-5)
AKA: Tim Adams. Played by: Tim Vine
Tim is Lee's best mate. He's rather uptight and sensible - they make an odd pair.
Before Kate moved back to America, Tim used to do everything he could to continue to see his ex-girlfriend. He'd often turn up at the flat with a rubbish excuse for being there. He even tried to get Kate back by inviting her to his Grandma's funeral in a hope she'd feel sorry for him!
Tim works as an accountant for the local council. He is not what you would call a risk-taker or a party animal. He has made one big mistake in his life though - having a brief romantic encounter with a girl quite a bit younger than he is - it's something Kate never let him forget.
Now that his best mate Lee is living with his 'little sister', Tim has something new to worry about: it doesn't take long before he becomes suspicious about what his best friend's feelings might be in relation to his sibling.
Tim has a new girlfriend now - he is going out with the lovely, but very dim, Daisy.
Tim and Daisy have split up by the time Series 6 starts, with Tim working in Germany, so we don't see him any more. However, he does return at the end of Series 7 for Lee's special day.
Daisy (Series 2-7)
Played by: Katy Wix
Daisy is Tim's dim girlfriend. She pitches into conversations with little knowledge and is also very gullible.
Her lack of intelligence clearly embarrasses Tim, as a result it is a bit of a mystery why he is still going out with her.
Barbara (Series 2-3)
Played by: Miranda Hart
Barbara was Lucy and Lee's flat cleaner - well in theory she was, in actual fact she seemed to spend most of her time lazing around and eating food out of their fridge.
Why Lucy didn't sack Barbara is a bit of a mystery - she was more than a little clumsy, which isn't a great attribute for a cleaner to have. On the rare occassions Barbara did try and do her job, she almost always ended up breaking something.
Barbara was quite bold and confident... and most definitely not quite all there, preferring to spend time in her own world instead. Barbara was not afraid to stick her oar into domestic disputes should she happen to be loitering around nearby... which she invariably always was.
Although she is the managing director and CEO of the cleaning company she works for, it should be pointed out she is actually the only member of staff!
Barbara isn't cleaning the flat any more - it's not mentioned, but it's likely she was sacked.
Guy (Series 2)
Played by: Simon Dutton
Guy is a successful, sophisticated fiftysomething entrepreneur. First seen in episode two of series two, Guy was Lucy's new boss and soon became her new boyfriend too.
Due to a mis-understanding, Lucy initially thought Guy was gay - however, even then, she was clearly attracted to him and attempted to 'turn him straight'. When it transpires that Guy is actually straight and fancied her, it wasn't long before they were locking lips.
Lee and Guy were unlikely to ever get on. They share nothing in common and the fact that Guy dominated life in the flat and got to kiss the lady Lee loves was clearly a problem for Lee. As a result, Lee made jokes about how much older Guy was than the rest of them at every opportunity he got. He also tried to find ways to dis-credit Guy (for example breaking into his office to try and find evidence that he is a gangster). It emerged during the series that amongst Guy's business interests was a lap-dancing club. Lucy and Guy have now split up.
Kate (Series 1)
Played by: Megan Dodds
Kate was Lee's kind and generous landlady during the first series. She was more than just a rent collector though... she was determined to push Lee into making something of his life.
Kate is from California and so, like a lot of people from that region of America, pays a lot of attention to her health. She was continually trying to coax Lee into eating some of her disgustingly-healthy homemade food.
Despite the fact Kate's personality was quite different from Lee's they still found themselves attracted to each other, but she also sometimes found herself wondering whether breaking up with Tim was such a great idea.
Kate has now moved back to America.
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Camden Town, Edgware and Burnt Oak are all on which line? | Camden Town to Edgware - Northern Line - Tubewalker: The Tube, on Foot
Tubewalker: The Tube, on Foot
Northern Line: Camden Town to Edgware
East Finchley to Mill Hill East and High Barnet West Ruislip to Perivale
Hampstead Ponds in Hampstead Heath, with the swimming area in the distance
There's something slightly parable-esque about the route of this walk. It starts off with the abandon of youth in carefree Camden Town and rises to the top of the pile in Hampstead, before being brought down to earth by police action around Colinwood and left to go to seed in Burnt Oak and Edgware. I'm sure Simon Mann, the old Etonian who's just been slammed into an Equatorial Guinean jail for a failed coup, would appreciate the metaphorical aspects of the journey.
I was lucky enough to be joined by my friend Struan, with whom I shared nine months of enjoyable mayhem at my last employer. Good company always enhances a walk, and it's particularly rewarding when the sun is shining in a clear blue sky and there's no prospect of rain. My only regret is that when we finally decided we'd covered enough miles to warrant a rewarding pint in the sun, the supply of good pubs dried up completely... so if you're considering this walk and fancy a pint en route, make sure you get it in before you cross the M1, because if there's a line in the sand, that's definitely it.
Camden Town to Chalk Farm
Camden Lock
Camden Town is a town of two halves. When I walked along the High Barnet branch with Bill the other day, we struck north along Kentish Town Road, where the theme was social housing, and lots of it. Sure, it was pretty good social housing and I'm sure a fairly hefty proportion of it is private these days, but it really doesn't compare to the part of Camden that lies along Chalk Farm Road, which is exquisite.
We started off with a detour along Inverness Street so I could pay homage to The Good Mixer pub, where I used to go every lunch time when I worked around the corner in Bayham Street. I'd head off via the Tube station with our art editor Tony, where we'd pick up
Melody Maker
(me) and the
NME
(Tony) before heading to the Mixer to sink two or three pints and play pool before sloping back for an afternoon of writing and snoozing back in the office. Back then the Mixer was a renowned Camden landmark and would regularly crop up in the pages of the music papers, as Food Records was round the corner and all sorts of famous people would crop up there. I have no idea whether it's still the case, and I'm too old to care, but it was fun to say hello again.
The Roundhouse
Just up the road is Camden Lock, which these days feels more like a canalside Covent Garden that the slightly risqué market it used to be. A Starbucks sits overlooking the lock and the boutiques are clean, fresh and tailored for the tourist onslaught, and although I'm sure there are plenty of purists who mourn the grittier days, I like the new cosmopolitan feel, particularly on a sunny day, when sitting by the canal, sipping on a latte and watching the world go by is an enjoyable way to spend a morning.
A little further on, Stables Market appears to have the builders in, so no doubt the cleansing operation continues apace, and a little further on, the Roundhouse has had the same treatment, and it now positively gleams by the roadside. A famous music venue, the Roundhouse was originally built in 1847 as a turntable engine shed for turning steam trains around, as steam engines couldn't reliably reverse and they had to be physically turned around at the end of the line. The tracks are long gone and its high ceiling makes it a popular place for kicking out the jams, a journey that started in 1966 with a gig featuring the Soft Machine and Pink Floyd to celebrate the launch of the underground newspaper
International Times
. It's had its ups and downs since, but following its redevelopment in 2006, it seems to be doing well.
Chalk Farm station
Chalk Farm station is a wedge-shaped building a little further north, clad in the familiar Leslie Green ox-blood red terracotta tiles of the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway. The narrow width of the wedge means that this station has the longest frontage of any Leslie Green station, with eight arched windows in a row, but more impressive to me is the fact that Madness were photographed in front of the station for the cover of their album
Absolutely
(they originally wanted to be photographed in front of Camden Town, but the traffic was just too crazy). The station was refurbished in 2005 and the terracotta has polished up nicely; it's now quite a sight, particularly when set against a deep blue sky without a cloud to be seen.
Chalk Farm to Belsize Park
Eton Villas
The houses along the backstreets of Chalk Farm are delightful, particularly those along Eton Villas and Primrose Gardens. Any student pretensions left over from Camden Town are well and truly blown out of the water by now, as this is obviously an expensive area, with lovely detached houses and period terraces surrounding little greens with bright red telephone boxes.
It's a consistently pretty stroll to Belsize Park station back on the main street, and although it is a busy thoroughfare, Belsize Park has the space to cope. The pavements are huge round here, so much so that the restaurants spill out onto the street, with entire seating sections soaking up the rays like a pleasant continental town in the tourist season. Even with the likes of Tootsies and the Gourmet Burger Kitchen taking up a section of the pavement four tables deep, there's plenty of room left for everyone, and the result is luxurious after the cramped high streets you normally find in town. The station itself is tucked back from the street, and just to the south is a white domed building that hides the entrance to the deep-level shelter built underneath the station.
Belsize Park to Hampstead
The view from Parliament Hill
After a short stroll along the main drag in Belsize Park, past some lovely mansion blocks and shops, it's time to head for some greenery. The western fringe of Hampstead Heath can be reached along Pond Street, past the Royal Free Hospital and across the London Overground on South End Road; Parliament Hill then heads northwest past some exquisite terraced housing and suddenly, bang, you're in meadowy grassland that stretches into the distance. Turn right and after a short climb you reach the summit, and there is London laid out before you, with Canary Wharf and the City on the left, and the BT Tower on the right. Under a pure blue sky, like the one we enjoyed this morning, it's a great view; this makes up for the grey rain that greeted me at the top of Primrose Hill all those miles ago, back on day one of my tubewalk.
Burgh House, Hampstead Village
You could spend a whole afternoon wandering around the scrubland of Hampstead Heath (and indeed, quite a few men do just that, but we'll come onto that later), but if you're following the Tube you've got to turn back west at some point, and there's no better place to head for than Hampstead Village, home to some of the most expensive housing on the planet. It's easy to see why, as the houses along Well Walk and Flask Walk are absolutely divine; this might be zone 2, but the atmosphere is definitely one of an English village, and a very picturesque one at that. Even the likes of Starbucks and McDonald's on the high street are inconspicuous, as all the shops have to conform to the Hampstead style guide, and that doesn't include garish logos or corporate clowns. It's a blessed relief after some high streets around town.
Hampstead station, another 1907 red terracotta Leslie Green creation, is notable for being the deepest Tube station on the network. As Hampstead Village is on a large hill, the platforms are some 192 ft below ground level, served by the deepest lift shaft on the network at 181 ft. Pray that you don't get stuck here in a power cut, as the emergency stairs have 300 steps; that would certainly sort the men from the boys.
Hampstead to Golders Green
A pretty mews in Hampstead
The houses to the north of the station continue the delightful theme of the rest of Hampstead, and it's worth heading up Heath Street from the station so you can take the steps to the left up to Holly Mount; from here the streets wind round in a gentle fashion, each corner revealing yet another house to make the heart sing. It isn't until you reach Branch Hill that things start to calm down with a modern block to the left, but even the modern buildings are classy round here, with some very sympathetic curved balconies looking out towards the heath.
Just to the north the road swings left, but all sorts of paths lead into the trees ahead. This is the West Heath, a wooded section of the heath that is probably best known for its transient population of cruising gay men. We didn't see any suspicious activity – indeed, the only people we saw were mums dragging their toddlers by the hand – but there's so much cover here that to find anything untowards, you'd have to go looking for it, which is probably why this is such a popular cruising spot in the first place.
Struan heading off into the West Heath
On the other side of the West Heath is Golders Hill Park, a manicured formal park with a small zoo and lots of rolling grassland that's perfect for a spot of lunch. It's a bit of a shock to pop out of the other end onto Finchley Road, where the traffic is constant and the noise a surprise after the gentle pace of life in Hampstead. On the way to the station, keep an eye out for the Shree Swaminarayan Temple, which is housed in an old church on Willesden Lane; it's good to see old churches finding new uses rather than being razed to the ground.
Golders Green station was originally the northern terminus of the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway when it opened in 1907, and it stayed that way until the extension to Hendon Central opened in 1923. The modern building that replaced thr original terminus is not terribly interesting, particularly when compared to the ox-blood red stations further south, and this is a busy part of town, with buses flooding in every few minutes and a hectic traffic junction right next door. It's amazing to think that when the Tube arrived 100 years ago, Golders Green was a rural hamlet with a handful of houses and around 300 inhabitants; things changed rapidly in the next few decades, and these days it's hard to picture Golders Green as a peacful part of the countryside, as yet another double-decker screeches into the depot.
Golders Green to Brent Cross
Brent Cross station
The suburbia between Golders Green and Brent Cross is inevitably a step down from the village paradise of Hampstead, but it's still an enjoyable part of the capital to walk through. Heading out along the early 20th-century buildings of the high street, you pass a Greek Orthodox Cathedral along Golders Green Road, and the old library building, which is typical of the architecture round here: it all sprang up in the wake of the Tube line, and it's laid out a bit like Trumpton, with large period clocks on the public buildings and a functional but solid look to the street.
Further away from the station, the suburbs are fairly standard, with some crimes against taste (such as the appalling cladding on the King Solomon Hotel) and some faded but perfectly pleasant rows of semi-detached post-war houses. However it isn't far to Brent Cross station, and my first experience of another Tube station designer, Stanley Heaps. Heaps was Leslie Green's assistant, and following Green's death in 1908, Heaps became the architect for Underground Electric Railways Company Limited (the precursor to London Underground) and designed a number of stations on the Bakerloo line before designing the stations on the Northern line extension to Edgware. Brent Cross station has a stone column frontage with a red brick and tiled roof building behind, with the name of the station clearly written across the top of the colonnade. The idea was to design stations that would fit into the suburbs that would soon grow around them, though I'm not sure the columns quite manage to merge with the Mock Tudor. It does make for a distinctive design, though, and I like the stations from here to Edgware (at least, those that still have the original architecture intact).
Brent Cross to Hendon Central
Hendon Central station
I'd originally planned to cross the North Circular Road at the footbridge to the north of Heathfield Gardens, but when we arrived, we found that the bridge was fenced off with warnings that it was no longer safe and closed until further notice (not surprisingly, as the bridge part is now missing altogether). Instead the sign suggested we traipse east to cross at the Brent Street footbridge, where we joined the Capital Ring for a few blocks to Hendon Park.
Hendon Park is a pleasant though not terribly exciting grassy area that flanks the Tube line as it heads north, and Hendon Central station is to the northwest, across the tracks and overlooking a busy junction on the A41. The original Stanley Heaps building has been incorporated into an impressive office block, and here the colonnade works really well, giving the curved red brick and stone block a central focus. On the corner just over the road from the station is the impressive 1932 Art Deco-inspired Ambassador Cinema, now a Virgin Active gym, and together with the buildings on the other corners of the junction, it gives Hendon an impressive focal point, even if the traffic is a little crazy.
Hendon Central to Colindale
Hendon Fire Station
I'd originally planned a winding route through the backstreets of Hendon towards Colindale, and we started off well enough, but I was so impressed by the huge houses along Brampton Grove that I took us left instead of right, and ended up back on The Burroughs, just off the main A41. I'm glad I got it wrong, though, because there are some fantastic buildings along here that are much more interesting that yet more suburbia. The town hall (1901) and nearby library (1929) are impressive red brick and stone buildings, but even more interesting is the fire station (1914) with its tower and three red arched doorways. A little further up the road is the Hendon campus of Middlesex University, and the main building, which was built between 1937 and 1938 as the Technical Institute before being incorporated into the university, is suitably grand.
Just north off this road is Church End, a lovely little lane that houses the attractive Greyhound pub, and St Mary's Church, whose 50 ft tower pokes up above the roofs as if this was a quiet little village square in the middle of the countryside (which it once was, as there's been a church here since at least 1157). Sir Stamford Raffles, the founder of Singapore, is buried in the church graveyard, as is Herbert Chapman, the manager of Arsenal in the 1920s and 1930s.
Church End
This, however, is when the fun stops, because a little walk down the road is the M1, and on the other side things take a turn for the worse. Up to this point, this walk is delightful; from here to the end, it's rather less impressive, a change signalled by Hendon Police College, the Metropolitan Police's huge training centre to the west of the motorway. There's a new housing development opposite, but after the residential flavour of the walk up to this point, you suddenly feel as if you've been stranded in Nowheresville, as most of the buildings have the air of a large industrial estate, rather than anything approaching a home. There's the Police National Computer Data Centre, hidden away behind serious security, followed by Hendon Parade Ground where cadets pass out at the end of their training, and the theme is continued by packs of policemen cycling past on training exercises as the closed-circuit TV cameras look on. This is effectively Cop-land, and it feels like it.
Colindale station was originally opened in 1924 as the first station on the line's second extension (which took it to Edgware), but the station was destroyed by bombing in 1940 and none of the original Stanley Heaps building remains. A temporary wooden building was used until the current office block was built in 1962, and it's a pretty bland replacement, truth be told.
Colindale to Burnt Oak
The office tower that looms over the industrial parks of Colindale
It's not a pretty walk from Colindale to Burnt Oak, though there are a couple of worthy parks that make life more pleasant. The suburbs are rather worn around the edges and after the beauty of Hampstead it's sometimes a bit wearing, and as if to rub it in, the area to the west of the station is dominated by a staggering ugly office tower that looms over the industrial parks next to the main road. There's also the Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, which is hardly the kind of place you want to live near, though on a more positive note, the British Library's newspaper collection lives in an impressive building near the station. However this isn't a particularly lovely part of town, and it's best to get through the suburbs quickly and up to Montrose Park for a little respite, a theme continued a little further north by Silk Stream Park. The Silk Stream flows through both parks, though it's a fairly typical urban stream at this point, a little choked by overgrowth and hidden away rather than celebrated.
Coming out onto Watling Avenue, take a moment to turn left to 9 Watling Avenue, the site of the first Tesco store. These days it's a nondescript Superdrug along the busy main street of Burnt Oak, and it just goes to show how huge corporations often rise from humble beginnings. This is an interestingly ethnic area, with halal butchers and exotic fruit stalls along the road, and Burnt Oak station does indeed merge with the suburbia around it, looking more like a house than a station (probably due to the lack of stone columns out front).
Burnt Oak to Edgware
Watling Park
North of the station is Watling Park, which frankly could do with a bit of a clean; the stream at the entrance is clogged up with rubbish and the whole thing has a slightly unloved air about it, which is a shame as its quite an enjoyable open space once you get through the first section. But this isn't a particularly attractive part of town, and the suburbs to the north of the park are deeply bland, with pebbledash being the norm along Langham Road. It's in places like this that it's great to have company while walking; good conversation is an excellent distraction from peeling paint and dilapidated terraces.
Things get a little better on the other side of Dean's Lane, and after a short stroll across Deans Brook the suburbs pick up considerably, with larger semi-detached houses stretching along Brook Avenue. There's a small walkway up to Station Road, and a little further on are the stone columns of Edgware station, set back from the road behind a turning circle. And so ends a delightful walk through some of London's trendiest and most exclusive districts... oh, and Colindale, Burnt Oak and Edgware, of course. And that brings me to the end of the Northern line; next up, the Central line.
Written
14 July 2008
If you want to follow this walk, you will need to use the map linked to above. These articles do not contain detailed route directions, and are designed to be used alongside the maps, rather than on their own.
| Northern |
On Nov. 7th 2013, what landmark did A.P. McCoy reach, in terms of number of winners? | Edgware to Camden Town station by train
> Edgware to Camden Town tube route
Train route from Edgware to Camden Town station
How to get from Edgware to Camden Town station by tube, with a time estimate of how long it takes on the London Underground
Do you have to change trains? No
How many stops are there? 9
1) From Edgware take the Northern
2) Leave the train at Camden Town
Tube route: Edgware → Burnt Oak → Colindale → Hendon Central → Brent Cross → Golders Green → Hampstead → Belsize Park → Chalk Farm → Camden Town
How long does it take? The journey time between these two London underground stations is approximately 26 minutes
Which fare zones? 2, 3, 4, 5
Are the trains running? Your tube line may be affected by London Underground engineering works . You should also check whether the tube train between Edgware and Camden Town is affected by a strike on the Underground
Note: Closures, cancellations and delays on the Edgware to Camden Town tube route may affect your journey, and you should allow for some extra travel time on top
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Train fare from Edgware station to Camden Town
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When formed in 1865, the Christian Mission was the original name of what organisation? | The Salvation Army - History of the Salvation Army
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History of the Salvation Army
William Booth embarked upon his ministerial career in 1852, desiring to win the lost multitudes of England to Christ. He walked the streets of London to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ to the poor, the homeless, the hungry, and the destitute.
Booth abandoned the conventional concept of a church and a pulpit, instead taking his message to the people. His fervor led to disagreement with church leaders in London, who preferred traditional methods. As a result, he withdrew from the church and traveled throughout England, conducting evangelistic meetings. His wife, Catherine, could accurately be called a cofounder of The Salvation Army.
In 1865, William Booth was invited to hold a series of evangelistic meetings in the East End of London. He set up a tent in a Quaker graveyard, and his services became an instant success. This proved to be the end of his wanderings as an independent traveling evangelist. His renown as a religious leader spread throughout London, and he attracted followers who were dedicated to fight for the souls of men and women.
Thieves, prostitutes, gamblers, and drunkards were among Booth's first converts to Christianity. To congregations who were desperately poor, he preached hope and salvation. His aim was to lead people to Christ and link them to a church for further spiritual guidance.
Many churches, however, did not accept Booth's followers because of their past. So Booth continued giving his new converts spiritual direction, challenging them to save others like themselves. Soon, they too were preaching and singing in the streets as a living testimony to the power of God.
In 1867, Booth had only 10 full-time workers, but by 1874, the number had grown to 1,000 volunteers and 42 evangelists, all serving under the name "The Christian Mission." Booth assumed the title of general superintendent, with his followers calling him "General." Known as the "Hallelujah Army," the converts spread out of the East End of London into neighboring areas and then to other cities.
Booth was reading a printer's proof of the 1878 annual report when he noticed the statement "The Christian Mission is a volunteer army." Crossing out the words "volunteer army," he penned in "Salvation Army." From those words came the basis of the foundation deed of The Salvation Army.
From that point, converts became soldiers of Christ and were known then, as now, as Salvationists. They launched an offensive throughout the British Isles, in some cases facing real battles as organized gangs mocked and attacked them. In spite of violence and persecution, some 250,000 people were converted under the ministry of The Salvation Army between 1881 and 1885.
Meanwhile, the Army was gaining a foothold in the United States. Lieutenant Eliza Shirley had left England to join her parents, who had migrated to America earlier in search for work. In 1879, she held the first meeting of The Salvation Army in America, in Philadelphia. The Salvationists were received enthusiastically. Shirley wrote to General Booth, begging for reinforcements. None were available at first. Glowing reports of the work in Philadelphia, however, eventually convinced Booth, in 1880, to send an official group to pioneer the work in America.
On March 10, 1880, Commissioner George Scott Raiton and seven women officers knelt on the dockside at Battery Park in New York City to give thanks for their safe arrival. At their first official street meeting, these pioneers were met with unfriendly actions, as had happened in Great Britain. They were ridiculed, arrested, and attacked. Several officers and soldiers even gave their lives.Three years later, Railton and other Salvationists had expanded their operation into California, Connecticut, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. President Grover Cleveland received a delegation of Salvation Army officers in 1886 and gave the organization a warm personal endorsement. This was the first recognition from the White House and would be followed by similar receptions from succeeding presidents.
The Salvation Army movement expanded rapidly to Canada, Australia, France, Switzerland, India, South Africa, Iceland, and local neighborhood units. The Salvation Army is active in virtually every corner of the world.
General Booth's death in 1912 was a great loss to The Salvation Army. However, he had laid a firm foundation' even his death could not deter the ministry's onward march. His eldest son, Bramwell Booth, succeeded him.
Edward J. Higgins served as the first elected general, beginning in 1929. The first female general was Booth's daughter, the dynamic Evangeline Booth, serving from 1934 to 1939. The Army's fifth general was George Carpenter, succeeded in 1946 by Albert Orsborn. General Wilfred Kitching was elected in 1954, succeeded by Frederick Coutts in 1963. Erik Wickberg followed in 1969; Clarence Wiseman in 1974; Arnold Brown in 1977; Jarl Wahlstrom in 1981; and Eva Burrows, the second female general, in 1986. General Bramwell Tillsley was elected in 1993 and was succeeded by General Paul Rader in 1994, followed by General John Gowans in 1999, General John Larsson in 2002, General Shaw Clifton in 2006, General Linda Bond in 2011, and General André Cox in 2013.
Learn more about The Salvation Army founders and other important figures.
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Which popular sport was once known as ‘sphairistike’? | Frequently Asked Questions | The Salvation Army
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Frequently asked questions
We are grateful for the many students who choose The Salvation Army for their assignments and research. To help you, we have compiled a list of answers to frequently asked questions (FAQ).
We hope this information will provide the details you need to complete your assignment.
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Interview a member of The Salvation Army, or if you have further questions regarding our mission, beliefs, values, or how we help the community,
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General Questions
What are the values and mission?
International Mission Statement
The Salvation Army, an international movement, is an evangelical part of the universal Christian Church.
Its message is based on the Bible. Its ministry is motivated by love for God. Its mission is to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ and meet human needs in his name without discrimination.
Mission Values of The Salvation Army Australia Southern Territory
Our Vision - The Salvation Army - a growing, loving community of people dynamically living God's mission in a broken world.
Our Mission - The Salvation Army raised up by God for the work of:
Transforming Lives
Our Values - Recognising that God is always at work in the world we value:
Human Dignity
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How are these aims and values achieved?
In each community where The Salvation Army has a presence, our officers (who are ordained ministers), staff and volunteers review the local needs and establish relevant objectives.
The Salvation Army seeks to provide holistic support which includes sharing our faith through worship. We also provide social and community support programs and services including:
Soup vans - delivering hot soup and bread to the hungry
Creative Opportunities - meaningful employment and training opportunities for people with disabilities
Flying Padre - a Salvation Army officer who flies his plane to visit remote stations in the Northern Territory
How do you get involved?
There are many ways to participate in The Salvation Army, including:
attending a local Salvation Army church and participating in our various worship activities
volunteering to assist in a Salvation Army social program or centre, such as a soup kitchen or family welfare centre
doorknocking for the Red Shield Appeal once a year
How do people access services?
Persons in need of assistance should contact their local Salvation Army support service or church .
The Salvation Army is committed to assisting all people without regard to nationality, race, belief, sexuality, ability, or judgement of behaviour. We seek to provide services and support that address the needs of the individual.
How many people are assisted?
In a typical week, across Australia, we provide (approximate figures):
100,000 meals for the hungry
2,000 beds for the homeless
5,000 to 8,000 food vouchers
1,000 people with assistance in finding employment
Refuge to 500 victims of abuse
Assistance to 500 people addicted to drugs, alcohol or gambling
Several thousand people with counselling
3,000 elderly people with aged care services
40 people in the court system with chaplaincy services
Family tracing services which locate 40 missing family members
The Salvation Army tries to address each person's problems and needs as a whole. By doing this we try to help people get back on their feet and progressively able to take care of themselves.
We recognise that each individual that comes to us for help has unique and often complex needs. Whether it is short-term assistance such as providing food hampers to get a family through a rough patch or working with someone to overcome addiction, we aim to provide the best possible care to address their needs.
What are our funding sources?
Income:
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How are Red Shield funds distributed?
The Red Shield Appeal is The Salvation Army's major annual fundraising campaign and helps us to support more than one million Australians each year.
This year, the fundraising target is $74 million nationally.
Our organisation works to ensure that every donation is used most effectively, and administration costs are kept to a minimum.
Approximately 85.5 cents in every dollar donated to The Salvation Army Red Shield Appeal goes directly to those in need, which is one of the most efficient administration rates of any charity in Australia.
Donations help fund our vast network of social and community services.
These services include emergency and disaster relief, homeless shelters, youth drop-in centres and education/training programs, drug and alcohol rehabilitation, family tracing services, financial and telephone crisis counselling, aged care, employment services, training programs, and chaplaincy to isolated rural communities, to emergency service personnel and within our courts and prison system.
We believe that as we continue to work in partnership with our generous donors, our army of volunteers (including 100,000 volunteer collectors alone for the Red Shield Appeal doorknock) and the business community, we can make a difference, see lives transformed and help make Australia an even better place.
For more information, or to find out how you can help, please visit salvationarmy.org.au/redshieldappeal .
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When did the Red Shield Appeal start?
In 1965 the first trial Red Shield Appeal door knock was conducted in the Sydney area. For the first time instead of just using uniformed Salvos to collect night after night over a three month period as part of a 'self denial appeal', the friends of the Salvos took part in a one morning doorknock under the new name.
The idea came from Canada where The Salvation Army had used this method and name since the late 1940's. The Red Shield approach was based on the popular Salvation Army Red Shield huts and services provided by us during World War II for all the western nations, including Australia and Canada.
Two Australian Salvation Army officers, Majors Don Campbell and Charles Cross, investigated the Canadian idea of running an annual Red Shield Appeal. Major Cross passed on his knowledge to The Salvation Army in Sydney where they quickly instigated the first trial in Sydney. Major Campbell in Melbourne passed on his information to Colonel Harry Goffin and Captain Smith who implemented it progressively in the southern states of Australia.
Also in 1965 Salvation Army centres in North Western Tasmania successfully carried out a one day door knock with the help of community groups and friends. In 1968 the City of Melbourne made an attempt to doorknock the whole city and advertise the event through all main media.
In 1969 the whole of Victoria took part in the Red Shield Appeal doorknock and a leading advertising agency developed an advertising campaign including the now famous "Thank God for the Salvos" slogan and donated all their time. Melbourne's leading film maker donated a free 30 second TV commercial, five leading photographers travelled the state and contributed an outstanding photographic display, and all the media donated time and space. The result was a 100% increase in the appeal total for Victoria to $200,000.
First nation-wide Red Shield Appeal
In 1970 we held our first national appeal, again using the 'Thank God for the Salvos' advertising campaign, and this time the donations of media space and time were national. The appeal raised $1 million dollars across Australia.
The Salvation Army was the first charity to hold a national doorknock, the first to have a national advertising campaign, and the first to have a national TV campaign. The results in terms of donations, change in awareness and attitude to The Salvation Army and its clients were outstanding.
Today we have an income of more than $50 million from the Red Shield Appeal, plus another $50 million from wills and bequests.
Our regular Newspoll shows that the Red Shield Appeal is known by 96% of the population and 91% have a positive attitude to the 'Salvos' and more than 90% know the slogan, "Thank God for the Salvos".
The first time we conducted such research in 1970 we were the rated the sixth most important appeal in Australia; today we are very clearly the appeal with the highest regard. The sad fact is that a new problem has developed to take advantage of this positive image - more than 50% of people are not at home when we call for a donation and we now have a far higher income from those who donate through the mail, via the internet, and through regular monthly donations.
The Red Shield Appeal today
We rely on the Red Shield Appeal to supplement the programs which are paid for by government contributions, which provide 54% of our income.
Each week we serve 100,000 meals, provide beds to 2,000 homeless people, distribute many blankets, support 500 people addicted with rehabilitation, provide refuge to 400 victims of domestic abuse and counselling to thousands of people.
The Salvation Army thanks God for the way in which the Red Shield Appeal has given us a life line between a caring Australian public and the people in our society who we help to shield.
Today we depend more than ever on the proceeds from the Red Shield Appeal and want to thank the people of Australia for the support they continue to give us to assist those in need.
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Are Salvos Stores and Family Stores run just to make money?
The Salvation Army operates more than 400 stores throughout Australia selling predominantly (but not only) preloved goods donated by the public.
While we rely heavily on the generosity of the public and thousands of community volunteers, we also have a professional retail network and a great team of retail managers who oversee our operations. In 2010/2011 Salvos Stores generated $17.2 million surplus for Salvation Army programs including goods to the value of $2.6 million given away free of charge to people who are experiencing hardship and seek assistance through Salvation Army Community Support Centres.
Salvos Stores prevents approximately 55,000 tonnes of goods per annum going to landfill.
Each of our stores also operates as a community contact point, and our staff can tell countless stories of customers who have requested - and been given - contact details for our churches, emergency relief programs and counselling services.
Speaking of our staff, there are thousands of Australians who want to help others in their local community in some way, and have chosen to do so by volunteering in our shops. We value these people highly as they freely give back to their local community.
So the next time you want to pick up a bargain or search for collector's pieces and rare treasures, drop into one of our stores and chat with our friendly staff. Every dollar you spend will go towards helping others in need or distress.
You can even pick up a copy of Warcry while you're there!
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What is the organisational structure?
The Salvation Army is a world-wide Christian church. The Salvation Army International Headquarters (IHQ) is based in London.
Our work in Australia is governed by two Territorial Headquarters (THQ) which report to London.
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What government regulations apply?
The Salvation Army is a legally registered religious organisation, and as a result is not required to register as a charity.
The Australian community recognises us as a not-for-profit social welfare organisation.
Because The Salvation Army runs many different programs and has a wide range of activities, we are subject to Federal, state and local government policies and regulations for the following areas:
Aged care services
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What is the history of The Salvation Army?
The Salvation Army is a world-wide Christian church. Its message is based on the Bible. Its ministry is motivated by love for God. Its mission is to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ and meet human needs in his name without discrimination.
The Salvation Army's beginnings date back to 2 July 1865 when a Methodist minister named William Booth began preaching to and helping the poor and underprivileged in London; by 1867 it had developed into a ministry offering basic schooling, reading rooms, penny banks, soup kitchens, and relief aid to the destitute.
In 1880, John Gore and Edward Saunders brought The Salvation Army to Australia. They held a street meeting in the Adelaide Botanic Gardens, and their parting invitation to those standing around listening was, "If there is any man here who hasn't had a decent meal today, let him come home to tea with me."
The following dates are generally accepted as those on which The Salvation Army commenced work in the Australasian colonies:
South Australia - 5 September 1880
New South Wales - 4 December 1882
Victoria - 24 December 1882
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Can I use logos and images in my assignment?
Students and teachers are welcome to use The Salvation Army's logos and images in their classroom assignments, reports and presentations.
However, they cannot be used on a website, book, magazine, journal, published study or report, or by other organisations, businesses or individuals without prior written permission. Requests for such use of copyrighted symbols and images should be emailed to our media team , providing specific details regarding the desired use of the image or symbol.
All Salvation Army symbols and images are trademarked or copyrighted.
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What are the Salvos doing about unemployment?
For over 100 years The Salvation Army has engaged in seeking to assist unemployed people. Not only with material goods but also in the area of seeking new employment opportunities.
In response to Government funding arrangements during the 1990's The Salvation Army tendered for the opportunity to join the Job network scheme. Our successful application enabled the Salvos to establish a National Employment Service, known as The Salvation Army Employment Plus.
Operating at sites across four states the Salvos conduct a professional job placement service which provides for the unemployed in a wide range of areas and in particular the following..
A youth program that is designed to assist young people who are at risk of leaving school early. On the other hand we have a program designed for mature aged people, that is people over 40 years of age
Access to job seeking facilities has been established at our offices. Vocational training can also be arranged through these sites. We have an assistance program for Indigenous people and we conduct 'on the job' training, through our furniture factory and at several Cafés.
We recognise the need for everyone to have a healthy self esteem and believe that worthwhile employment is a major factor in fulfilling that need.
You are invited to view our website at: www.employmentplus.com.au
Alternatively, if you are interested in working for The Salvation Army check out our employment page .
Les Strong
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Do I have to be a Salvo to work for the Salvos?
There is not a pre-requesite for employment to be a “Salvo”. In the traditional sense of the term, Salvos are members of The Salvation Army who worship and serve together as a Christian congregation. The Salvation Army , an international movement, is an evangelical part of the universal Christian Church. Its message is based on the bible. Its ministry is motivated by the love of God. Its mission is to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ and to meet human need in his name without discrimination.
All employees in non-ministry positions in the Army are expected to work in accordance with Australia's mission and values and comply with official standards. The mission is four-fold: Transforming Lives, Caring for People, Making Disciples of Jesus and Reforming Society.
Our values are that of Human dignity respecting the sanctity of human life and affirming the worth and capacity of all people; Justice in promoting healthy and whole relationships with integrity and fairness, including advocacy for the disadvantaged and stewardship of resources; Hope in sharing the gospel of Christ and work for reconciliation, healing and transformation for all people and creation; Compassion being compelled to stand with an do something about another's suffering; and a commitment to Community to work with individuals and journey together for mutual capacity building.
Employees know of the values and mission of The Salvation Army are valuable contributors to these standards. So, to work for the Salvos, we believe this makes you one.
Commissioner Carolyn Knaggs
How and where did the Salvos start in Australia?
The Salvation Army has been in Australia for 128 years.
Early in 1880, two migrant Salvos from the UK—Edward Saunders and John Gore—were both living in Adelaide.
The two men met unexpectedly when Saunders heard Gore telling a group of people how he became a Christian in London while attending the Christian Mission (as The Salvation Army was known in its early days).
Saunders was excited to discover a fellow Salvo and together they decided it was time to start the movement in Australia.
They wrote to the General (world leader of The Salvation Army) in London and told him they had discovered enough Salvos in Australia to commence meetings. They were even bold enough to suggest to the General who they thought he should send to help and Saunders offered to pay the fare to Australia for the new officers (ministers).
On 5 September, 1880 they conducted an open air service in Adelaide's Botanic Park where Gore issued this invitation: 'If there is any man here who hasn't had a decent meal today, let him come home to tea with me.'
This was the beginning of The Salvation Army in Australia. They stood on a horse buggy for that first meeting and later found a hall to hold meetings.
In January 1881, Captain and Mrs Sutherland were sent from London to take charge of the work of the Salvos in Australia. By this time there were 68 soldiers (full members).
After its commencement in Adelaide, the Salvos opened in Melbourne and Sydney within two years and in Queensland in 1885.
Today The Salvation Army operates in every state and territory of Australia.
Lieut-Colonel James Condon
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Where have the Salvos most recently established a presence?
The idea of 'going global' has its roots in the Bible. Jesus commanded his followers to 'go and make disciples of all nations' (Matthew chapter 28, verse 19). For this reason, 'going global' has always been a critical priority for The Salvation Army.
Today, the Salvos continue to take the gospel message around the world.
In November 2007, leaders were appointed to Greece and some parts of Africa for the first time.
The work in Greece began officially in Thessalonika on 1 October 2007.
In Africa, new openings have been established in Burundi, Namibia and Mali. The Salvos previously worked in Namibia from 1932 to 1939. Now, 69 years later, the re-establishment of our presence in the country has been welcomed.
In Mali, a predominantly Muslim nation, work commenced under the leadership of Andre Togo. The Army's work in Mali became official in January 2008 with the appointment of leaders from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Andre and his wife are preparing for training as Salvation Army officers (ministers).
The most recent and exciting news is the appointment of officers to the Arabic Gulf State of Kuwait. Kuwait recognises three principal churches, Protestant, Catholic and Coptic, and provides separate compounds for each church.
The Salvos will be located in the Protestant compound, officially known as the National Evangelical Church of Kuwait.
The Salvation Army now works in 116 countries.
Lieut-Col Aylene Finger
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Do the Salvos have their own Pope?
The Salvation Army has an international leader who is called the General; he leads the work of the Salvos in 127 countries.
To become General of The Salvation Army, a person (man or woman) must be a Christian who is ordained and commissioned as an officer (minister) in The Salvation Army. The electing body, referred to as the High Council, is composed of all active commissioners and territorial commanders in the world.
The General resides in London where The Salvation Army began its work in 1865. The founders of the Army were William and Catherine Booth. They chose a quasi-military command structure in 1878 when their congregation, The Christian Mission, changed its name to The Salvation Army.
William Booth was the Army's first General and, since then, another 19 Generals from around the world (including Generals Eva Burrows and George Carpenter from Australia) have served in the role.
The Army's current leader is General André Cox. General Cox was commissioned as a Salvo officer in 1979. He has served in Salvation Army appointments around the world including as a corps officer (minister), in finance, public relations, as a territorial commander and as the Chief of the Staff.
General Cox is married to Silvia, she is the world president of women's ministries in The Salvation Army. They have three daughters and two grandchildren.
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What does a Commissioner do?
In The Salvation Army, the rank of Commissioner is assigned by the General (the world leader of the Salvos). The roles of commissioners vary, but all carry a great weight of responsibility.
In Australia, there are currently three active commissioners appointed in two territorys: two Commissioners are Territorial Commanders, the other is territorial president of women's ministries. In the Australia Southern Territory, it is my privilege to fulfil this role.
A territorial commander is responsible to the General for accomplishing the Salvo's mission of transforming lives, caring for people, and reforming society within a territory.
This person must provide visionary and practical leadership and inspire Salvos in their Christian faith. They are also responsible for the effective implementation of social service programs to meet human need, and for taking social action against evil in society.
Among other things, a territorial commander is also responsible for the legal constitution, property, and finances of the territory, as well as the development of officers (ministers) and soldiers (full members).
As territorial president of women's ministries, I share the demands of territorial leadership and ministry with the territorial commander, including preaching at and leading church services, and caring for the spiritual and physical welfare of all officers.
In particular, I am concerned with women officers and officers' children and work to encourage and develop women officers in their ministry and leadership. I oversee programs and ministry to women, by women and for women.
Commissioner Carolyn Knaggs
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Does The Salvation Army work with indigenous people?
Following the discovery of gold at Murchison in Western Australia in October 1891, General William Booth commissioned 12 Salvation Army ministers and sent them west.
The history of The Salvation Army's work in Western Australia and the goldfields is amazing. The army's work amongst indigenous people equalled their work among miners.
However, in those early days, the greatest work among indigenous people was in South Australia. Within three years of the Army's commencement in that state, there were more than 100 indigenous Salvation Army members.
The Salvation Army works with people all over Australia, and supports indigenous people with emergency accommodation, refuge through its domestic violence services, food parcels and general enquires.
Around the country there are some wonderful ministries taking place. At the Salvos in Alice Springs, there is a Sunday afternoon service for indigenous members, conducted by them in their native language.
Swan Hill in Victoria is another place where indigenous members of the congregation serve the wider Aboriginal community.
In 1997, the two Salvation Army Australian territories issued a statement on the reconciliation of Australia's indigenous people. The complete text is available on the Army website www.salvationarmy.org.au .
The statement concludes with the following comment.
'We will work together towards the healing of the wounds of the past and promote the ideals expressed in this statement as we move towards a shared future in the ongoing reconciliation process.'
Commissioner Raymond Finger
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Why don't the Salvos have communion?
Some people might be surprised to learn than communion is practiced among many Salvation Army members—although it is not represented in the ritual and observance that people commonly associate with communion that occurs as part of a church service.
It's worth considering whether or not Jesus intended to turn a beautiful moment in a common meal into a ritual. At the famed last supper, Jesus took bread and wine—two common elements on the meal table at the time—and issued an invitation for his people, when they came together, to remember his sacrificial death.
Is the means of remembrance more important than the remembrance itself? The Salvos say 'no'.
At most meals, it is common practice for Salvationists to say two prayers. One before the meal is eaten (referred to as 'grace' or a blessing). The second prayer comes at the end of the meal and is the 'remembrance' or returning thanks.
In that second prayer the life and death of Jesus is remembered with thankfulness and gratitude.
We believe the Army's practice of saying grace and returning thanks at each meal is a valid observance of communion.
At least this is how the Salvos have come to understand the Bible verse where the apostle Paul writes (in 1 Corinthians chapter 11, verse 26): 'For whenever you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.'
Lieut-Col Aylene Finger
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How long have the Salvos had female ministers?
The work of women has been a distinctive feature of The Salvation Army since it began in 1865. It was the dream of Catherine Booth (co-founder of the Army) to bring about a new dawn for women, and that dream was born long before the Salvos began.
Before Catherine married William Booth (and they began what would become The Salvation Army together), she wrote to him about her idea of a new place for women in the church where their work would be validated by holding office, receiving an allowance, having authority and being respected.
Historically throughout the world, women within The Salvation Army have played a leading role in its growth and development. For instance, when the Salvos first began in Sydney in 1882, it was a woman—Mrs Adelaide Sutherland—who led the worship service and preached on that first day.
The enduring presence and work of women in The Salvation Army can be attributed to the fact that Catherine Booth was courageous enough to recognise that women share an equal calling with men in God's work.
Since 1881, women within The Salvation Army have been commissioned (ordained), received a rank and—in keeping with the military terminology used by the Salvos—been referred to as officers (ministers).
I have served as an officer for the past 34 years. As a woman, I remain indebted to God for leading me to a place in his church where I have been able to exercise my God-given gifts and invest in the lives of many.
Lieut-Col Aylene Finger
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Why don't Salvos smoke cigarettes?
When it comes to social reform, The Salvation Army has long been ahead of its time. The same can be said in its response to some socially accepted norms.
In response to mounting evidence about the associated health risks with smoking, the wider community has become adverse to smoking in the workplace, on public transport and in cafes, restaurants, bars and shopping centres.
But, long before any anti-smoking laws were enforced, the inherent health problems and the cost associated with smoking were recognised by the Salvos and, as such, the use of tobacco was discouraged among its soldiers (members).
Since 1975, people who become Salvation Army soldiers have promised to live without using tobacco.
Every Salvationist signs a soldier's covenant that includes the following paragraph:
I will abstain from alcoholic drink, tobacco, the non-medical use of addictive drugs, gambling, pornography, the occult and all else that could enslave the body or spirit.
The explanation for not smoking is simply stated as, 'enslaving the body', or, in other words, addictive. It also needs to be said that smoking has become a habit that many cannot financially afford.
The intention for people who become Salvos is that they will love and serve God and live free from anything that gets in the way of living a life of wholesome simplicity.
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Who was William Booth?
William Booth, born in Nottingham, UK, on 10 April 1829, was the founder of The Salvation Army. Booth grew up in the Methodist Church and worked in a pawnbroker's shop.
He felt a calling on his life to become a full-time preacher and was offered a position as an evangelist for a few months with some financial support. This was the beginning of him being able to fulfil his life's calling.
In 1865 Booth started the Christian Mission, which was re-named in 1878 as The Salvation Army. Booth had a heart for the down-and-out in society. As he walked around the East End in London and saw people—the poorest of the poor—sleeping in the streets, Booth felt these were the people he should help.
Outside a pub called The Blind Beggar in June 1865, Booth stopped to listen to a group conducting an open-air meeting and he accepted an invitation to say a few words. Soon after, on 2 July in the Whitechapel district of London, Booth preached to hundreds and later declared to his wife, Catherine: 'I have found my destiny'.
Booth encountered opposition, but became a social reformer in his time. In 1890 he published a book, In Darkest England and the Way Out, and in 1891 opened a match factory to create employment. He also provided training in agriculture, shelter and food. While reaching out to help the poor, Booth encouraged the rich to use their wealth wisely.
Booth was a creative communicator and was ably supported and advised by his wife Catherine. Physically weak and blind after giving himself in total commitment to the calling on his life, Booth died on 20 August 1912.
Lieut-Colonel Jan Condon
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Do Salvos have modern music or just brass bands?
My initial response to this question is 'yes'—Salvos do have modern music as well as brass bands (that's assuming brass bands are not modern!).
The Salvation Army is blessed with many fine musicians who play a vast assortment of instruments including brass, wind, strings, drums etc. The important thing for me is that Salvos use whatever musical instrument is available to praise and worship God and connect with him.
In Papua New Guinea (where I have just spent three-and-a-half years), the Salvos only have one brass band. The main instrument used for worship there is guitar and the worship in PNG is passionate and connects with God.
I have also been the minister at some of the largest Salvo churches in Australia where the brass band has played contemporary music as part of its repertoire.
God is not concerned about what music we use to worship or what instrument we play, so long as worship helps us him and enables us to connect with him.
Both brass bands and modern music can be therapy for our soul and greatly enhance worship. However, I realise that everyone responds to a different style of music. So whichever style helps you connect with God—go for it.
And don't be surprised when you visit a Salvation Army church meeting if you hear a wide range of music styles. Usually the music played depends on what musicians are available.
Lieut-Colonel James Condon
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Is a Salvo Captain the same as a minister?
When William Booth commenced The Salvation Army, he decided to use military terminology for our structure and organisation. That's why we are called an Army and we have Officers (Captains and Majors etc); our members are called soldiers and our churches were once called citadels.
The Salvos' ordained ministers are called captains (along with a few other ranks) but are the same as ministers or pastors of other denominations. They study in a theological college and, after completing their training, are ordained and commissioned as an officer in The Salvation Army. Some Officers go on to postgraduate studies.
When commissioned and ordained, captains are sent to work in churches, social services centres or other areas of ministry within The Salvation Army. A Salvo captain in a Corps (church) carries out many of the same duties as a minister in another denomination (e.g. conducting church services, weddings, funerals, Bible studies, administration etc.).
However, there are other things Salvo captains are called upon to do that are inherent to The Salvation Army. For example you may see them in a pub, on the street or at a railway station distributing copies of Warcry and collecting funds, while connecting with the wider community. A Salvo Captain may also be involved in serving people at the scene of a disaster.
But the bottom line is that Salvation Army Captains are fully ordained ministers of the Christian religion and carry out the duties of their office similar to ministers in other denominations.
Lieut-Colonel James Condon
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Are the Salvos a church or a charity?
This is a really good question because it's not possible for the Salvos to be a church without being charitable. Therefore, it is both a church and a charity.
The Salvation Army thinks of itself in terms of a body with two arms, the spiritual and the social—with one hand we reach out to God and with the other we reach out to the world. I think that's a beautiful image.
And this 'two-in-one' focus is not new for us. From the commencement of The Salvation Army in London in the late 19th century, our founders, William and Catherine Booth, emphasised that we must exist in this fashion—as a church we must live out our Christianity.
It's crucial that our Christianity is expressed in charitable work. I don't see a separation between church and charity and, in fact, if there were ever to be a separation between the two, then The Salvation Army would cease to exist as it is known, understood and valued today.
If it were to be 'just' a church and failed to be charitable, then it would have no right to preach or speak about justice, compassion, or anything that affects the well-being of others.
But if, on the other hand, it were just a charity, it would fail to respond to the whole person—the body, mind and spirit.
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Why don't the Salvos have baptism?
To the vast majority of people, baptism is regarded as a distinctly Christian ritual. So it may seem odd to some and puzzling to others as to why it is not observed within The Salvation Army.
The Army has several distinctives that make it different to other denominations—its uniform, terminology and symbols to name a few. In respect to spirituality, the Army is fundamentally simple and uncluttered compared to some other churches.
In its early days, baptism was part of Salvation Army practice, but a decision was made that saw the discontinuation of any form of ritual that could be interpreted as a substitute for daily faith and dependence upon God.
Salvationists see such rituals as outward signs of an inward experience, and it is the inward experience that is of greatest importance to God.
The decision to discontinue baptism resulted from the question: Is baptism essential to a person becoming 'saved' or for one to continue in a relationship with God?
Based upon the Bible, the answer was clearly 'no', baptism is not regarded as essential to salvation or continued faith.
While some might accuse the Army of being disobedient to what the Bible teaches regarding baptism, it was and continues to be a way whereby people witness to their new found faith and conversion.
New believers within The Salvation Army testify publicly in worship and tell their story of conversion. When becoming members they are publicly enrolled, testify and sign a covenant of membership. Although no water is involved, the witness to one's faith is the same and some might even argue that personal testimony might be the greater witness.
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Is the Salvation Army a religion or a mix of denominations?
The short answer to this question is 'no'. The Salvation Army is not a religion nor is it a mix of denominations.
The Salvos stand independently as a denomination in the Christian church alongside other churches, for example, the Anglican, Baptist and Uniting church.
In the 1860s William Booth, the Salvos' founder, began reaching out to the masses living in poverty in London.
He preached that there was a God who could transform their lives and show them a new way. He fed them, prayed with them and thousands of people's lives were changed.
Booth, a Methodist minister, tried to introduce his converts to local Methodist churches, but the wider church at the time had lost much of its vision for what was then considered the underclasses, and would not accept them.
In less than 20 years, while it had not been his initial goal, he established a new denomination of the Christian church—The Salvation Army. Today, the Army upholds the cross of Christ and serves suffering humanity worldwide in 127 countries.
A good word to describe a denomination of the church is 'community'. The Salvos, like other churches, is a community of people that meets together in local neighbourhoods, regions or centres.
They worship God together; nurture faith, wholeness and integrity of life in their own lives and in the lives of others; and, in keeping with the 'DNA' of the Army, their faith shows itself in service to people with all kinds of material, emotional, physical and spiritual needs.
The Salvation Army is a great place to belong and I encourage you to go and find this out for yourself. Why not start with our website: salvos.org.au or salvationarmy.org.au?
Why don't Salvos drink alcohol?
In 1884 the co-founder of The Salvation Army, Catherine Booth, published an article entitled 'Practical Religion'.
In this document she presented her argument for total abstinence on the part of religious workers associated with The Salvation Army.
In those days, cheap alcoholic drinks were available to the poor of East London. Catherine and her husband, William, saw much hardship and squalor as families were engulfed in an ever-downward cycle of misery, in part caused by alcoholism. Their hearts ached for these people.
Many were helped out of those difficult circumstances and, today, the Salvation Army continues to help people struggling with addictive behaviour. Each day The Salvation Army works with thousands of people all over the world who need to overcome alcoholism to allow them to live life more abundantly.
The Salvos feel that if they seek to assist people whose lives have been damaged by alcohol, then they should live a life of total abstinence as an example in personal discipline.
It's hardly appropriate for a Salvo to work towards helping someone overcome their alcoholism, then go home or to a pub and drink alcohol.
In consideration of the movement's background, people who are enrolled as members (soldiers) of a Salvation Army church (corps) believe that—as God has changed their lives—they need to demonstrate this change and take personal responsibility by refraining from the use of an addictive substance such as alcohol.
We don't condemn those who drink alcohol. Clearly an occasional social drink does not inevitably mean someone is or is becoming an alcoholic.
However, we believe that if we are seeking to help those addicted to its use, the integrity of our message is best demonstrated by our own example of total abstinence.
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Why do Salvos wear uniforms?
In the foundation days of The Salvation Army (The Christian Mission), William and Catherine Booth, co-founders , George Scott Railton and Bramwell Booth were moved to call this new Mission an Army. The volunteers and ministers were called “Troops”. By 1878, the whole movement had adopted military terminology and dress.
The uniform of the day was used to equialize the new members who came from all places in society, It was also used to unify them in cause and commitment. Knowing that their mission was to engage in spiritual warfare, the uniform became a symbol of a visual reminder that they had accepted the call to Christ. Underneath the uniform was a heart committed to God and a willingness to use their hands to reach humanity.
The Salvation Army uniform is one of the recognizable icons of the world. This uniform shows itself in the pulpit, on the street corner, in hospitals and nursing homes. It served food at Ground Zero in New York and at the floods and fires in Australia.
The uniform is the clerical garb of The Salvation Army officer (ordained minister) and is also worn by soldiers (local corps members), It is a symbol to declare our faith to everyone and to make ourselves available for service.
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How many Salvos churches and shops are in Australia?
The Salvation Army has churches in every state and territory of Australia. Queensland has 51, New South Wales and ACT 114, the Northern Territory 4, Western Australia 29, South Australia 31, Tasmania 14 and Victoria 107. We conduct Christian worship services on Sundays and also throughout the week.
Some services are in Chinese, Korean and Indigenous languages, but anyone is most welcome to visit any of our churches and experience our worship and service.
A great variety of other programs for all age groups is offered throughout the week.
The Salvation Army has two types of stores: those managed by Salvos Stores and those managed by the local church.
Salvos stores create an environment in keeping with the Salvation Army mission, provide financial resources for the Salvation Army and child sponsorship programs.
The stores provide customers with pre-loved and new goods at an affordable price. Pre-loved goods include high-quality furniture, clothing and homeware. Brand-new products include household cleaning and personal care products and various Christmas gifts.
Church-managed and church-based stores also promote the Army's mission and provide an avenue for people to give voluntary service. They also provide vital financial support for the churches to carry out their mission to serve the disadvantaged and provide goods at affordable prices.
Around Australia there is a total of 293 Salvo Stores and 243 church-based Stores.
Why not visit a Salvos Store and discover the opportunities for yourself?
Lieut-Colonel Jan Condon
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What is pastoral care?
Pastoral care is the compassionate caring ministry of spiritual leaders for people. It can involve anything from showing personal interest to counseling.
It is a ministry of listening. Showing a pastoral interest in others means becoming an active listener. Someone has said that t is the most powerful form of listening. Why? Because it sends a signal that you're interested in and absorbing what the other person is saying.
It is also a ministry of encouragement. It is letting people know that they are supported personally and in prayer. Such caring is focused on the person's behavior, emotional health and spiritual wellness. In this sense, it is a holistic ministry, encouraging people to live life to the full, reach their potential and face life with hope.
The concept of pastor comes from the image of the shepherd who cares for the sheep, protecting, strengthening the weak, tending to their needs, bring refreshment and restoration. Psalm 23 explains pastoral care as well as any passage in the Bible.
Then we come to the New Testament and see pastoral care modeled most perfectly by Jesus. All the best we can say about pastoral care is what we see in the life of Jesus. But he takes pastoral care to its heights, when it involves personal sacrifice. The bible speaks of him as the good shepherd who lays down his life for the sheep. (John 10). If you want the clearest most accurate definition of pastoral care, read the gospels, look at Jesus.
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Who was Eva Burrows?
The Salvation Army began in 1878 and, at any stage, has only one world leader. This person, in accordance with the para-military style of the movement, is known as the General. Eva Burrows was an Australian woman who became the 13th General of The Salvation Army.
Born in Newcastle, NSW on 15 September 1929, Eva was the daughter of Salvation Army officer (minister) parents.
She gained a Bachelor of Arts at Queensland University before being called to become a Salvation Army officer. After doing her ministry training in London, she was commissioned as a Salvation Army officer in 1951.
As a young Salvo, Eva sensed a compelling call to work in Africa, and her first appointment was as an officer/teacher at the Howard Institute, a large mission station in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). The next few decades saw Eva serve the Salvos in England, Ireland, Sri Lanka, Scotland and Australia.
In 1986 the international leaders of The Salvation Army formed what is known as the 'High Council' and elected Eva to become General. She took office on 9 July 1986 and retired in July 1993.
As General, Eva Burrows visited more than 50 countries and made contact with people at all levels of society, from hostel residents to heads of state and government. It was her easy demeanour with others that saw her bestowed with the title of 'the people's General'.
In 'retirement', General Burrows continued to be a much sought-after speaker and advisor at international level, while enjoying being part of a local congregation with The Salvation Army in Melbourne.
Eva Burrows died (or in Army terminology was 'Promoted to Glory') on the 20th of March 2015.
Are Salvos concerned about the environment?
As Christians, the Salvos consider this question from at least two perspectives.
The first is that we believe that God created the world and the Bible says that God saw it was good. God also gave the world to people to inhabit and enjoy. He did not give it to us to destroy, but to propagate and use for our benefit.
God considered people worthy to rule over the land and animals he created. This includes protecting it and using it for the common good of all.
Salvos are also concerned about the environment because we are stewards of all we have. When God gave people the right to rule over the earth, he intended that we care for it as if it were our own property.
The second Salvo perspective is concern for the environment on behalf of others and future generations. A true Christian response is one that cares about others before self and this includes our care of the environment. We want to protect it for others to enjoy long after we have died. This demonstrates our love and care for others and also respect for our creator God who made this beautiful world.
So, yes, the Salvos are concerned about the environment because God, our creator, has entrusted the world to us, and because we want to preserve the earth for future generations to experience as God intended.
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What is the Salvo position on euthanasia?
In the teachings of Jesus, Salvos see that he placed high value on individuals, including children, the sick, blind and lame. Every life is important to God and is a gift from God.
Since we were created in his image, we believe it is our responsibility to care for our body while we have life and breath.
For this reason, The Salvation Army does not condone any activity that shortens or takes away the life of any human, with or without medical assistance.
In non-emergency situations, medical workers have a responsibility to ensure that patients clearly understand the likely benefit of treatment offered as well as any possible risks or cost to quality of life. The patient is then able to make informed decisions regarding the management of their situation.
If a patient refuses to undergo treatment, we do not regard this as the same as deliberately sanctioning death. What we oppose is any intervention to take the life of another.
Palliative care is available for people suffering terminal illnesses and medication is available to help manage pain. We see every human being as worthy of the dignity that Jesus placed on individuals.
The Salvation Army accepts that where brain death, as defined by the relevant authorities, has already occurred, the next of kin is justified in agreeing with medical advice to terminate life support systems. But while there is life, we believe that no-one has the right to take that life from an individual.
For family and friends our role is to help loved ones manage their pain so they can be as comfortable as possible until they leave this life behind.
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On February 7th, in which English town or city was a statue of Charles Dickens unveiled? | Why the Charles Dickens has it taken so long? - Telegraph
Charles Dickens
Why the Charles Dickens has it taken so long?
As the first statue in Britain is unveiled and a new film about his love life is released, we join the great writer’s descendants on a trail of his home town
'The Invisible Woman’, starring Ralph Fiennes, above, as Charles Dickens
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Exactly 202 years after his arrival in the world, Charles Dickens is returning to the city of his birth. A bronze statue of the author is to be unveiled in Portsmouth’s Guildhall Square on February 7th, the date on which he was born in 1812 and the same day on which the film The Invisible Woman , starring Ralph Fiennes as Dickens, is released. It’s a double Dickensian curtain-up.
Showbusiness royalty will be in attendance, in the shape of Edward Fox and his wife Joanna David, along with 45 members of the Dickens family, including nine-year-old Oliver Dickens, the writer’s great-great-great grandson.
No surprise, of course, that a big crowd is expected. What comes as more of a revelation is the fact that this will be the first Dickens statue ever to be erected in the UK. There’s a rather soppy one in Philadelphia, with Little Nell hovering at the great man’s feet; and a solemn, white marble affair in Sydney, which was put into storage for 40 years after losing its head.
But the Guildhall Square representation of Dickens will be the first public memorial in the British Isles to the creator of Oliver Twist, Mister Pickwick and the countless other colourful characters that flowed from his quill.
Why? Because of the writer’s will, in which he adjured his friends “on no account to make me the subject of any monument, memorial, or testimonial whatever” . Then again, he also asked to be buried in Rochester Cathedral and got Westminster Abbey instead. On a more serious note, his descendants have always insisted that the veto applied only to his closest companions, not the broader, reading public.
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Hence the space put aside for him in Guildhall Square, where his likeness is in good hands. Sculptor Martin Jennings has plenty of form, having created both the statue of John Betjeman at London’s St Pancras Station and that of Philip Larkin at Hull Station.
So what look has he gone for? Dickens poring over an unfinished manuscript? Speaking out for the downtrodden? Railing against the rich? “What I’ve aimed to capture is the manic energy that Dickens had,” says Jennings. “This is a man who would stride off out on 20-mile walks, criss-crossing through London, in the middle of the night.
“He was a great speaker and passionate performer. I’ve portrayed him sitting, alert, in the green room, before one of his public appearances. He’s got a book in one hand and is poised at any second to leap to his feet and walk out to address his audience.”
Note the word “sitting”. On the other side of Guildhall Square, the statue of Queen Victoria stands on a lofty 10ft-tall plinth, well out of the reach of her subjects; Dickens, though, will be at ground level.
“The fact is, my great-great grandfather was very much a man of the people,” says Ian Dickens. “That’s why we wanted a statue that would be accessible.”
He and his brother, Gerald, helped raise funds for the statue (total cost £120,000) by recreating the walk that Nicholas Nickleby made from London to Portsmouth with Smike, the crippled boy he had just rescued from Dotheboys Hall. “We hope that children will want to clamber up his knee and sit on his lap,” says Ian of the statue.
While most sculptors prefer to keep the public at least a few respectful feet back from their work, Martin Jennings has been happy to go along with this brief. “I’m sure the statue will attract the attention of the youth of Portsmouth, emerging from clubs in the small hours of the morning,” he sighs. “But I console myself with the thought that, while it will be easy to put a traffic cone on the statue’s head, it will be just as easy to remove it.”
As for the city council, it is trusting that most people who come to see the great man of bronze will engage in some other Dickensian diversions during their visit – of which, it turns out, there are a surprising amount.
Follow the Dickens Trail, for example, and you can visit 13 locations, among them The George pub in Hawke Street, where the writer’s family lived, at Number 16. Here, Marc (father of Isambard Kingdom) Brunel and John (father of Charles) Dickens would share a pint and wonder if their sons would ever amount to anything. Other spots include the Beneficial Hall in Kent Street, where John’s wife, Elizabeth, attended a dance on the night of February 6 1812 and had to leave early as she felt the birth of baby Charles coming on.
The epicentre of the trail, though, is the charming little house at 393 Old Commercial Road, where the future author first saw the light of day. This is now the Charles Dickens Birthplace Museum. Here you can see the room where he was born as well as the green-upholstered chaise longue on which he breathed his last.
This has been transported from his home at Gad’s Hill, in Kent, and, like everything to do with Dickens, comes with a tale attached. It remains unclear whether he expired on his recliner straight after a meal at Gad’s Hill, or was taken ill while visiting his young mistress, Ellen Ternan, and brought home for the sake of appearances.
Either way, it’s a perfect scene-setter for the new Fiennes film, which explores how Dickens ditched his wife, Catherine, who had given him 10 children over two decades and, unbeknown to the public, took up with young Ellen, who he had met when he was 45 and she was 18.
Coincidentally, Ellen, who was Dickens’s last love, is buried just over a mile from the museum, at the city’s Highland Road cemetery. And her grave, in turn, is 200 yards from that of the author’s first love, Maria Beadnell.
Unlike Ellen, Maria remained cool towards young Charles’s advances, and was encouraged to stay below room temperature by parents who felt that the young man’s status (shorthand court reporter) to be below what they were looking for.
Twenty-two years after giving him the cold shoulder, though, Maria wrote to the now-celebrated writer and they met for a secret tryst. Unfortunately, in the intervening years, she had piled on the pounds, and some of the stars had fallen from Dickens’s eyes.
Like many of the writer’s friends and acquaintances, then, she ended up in his novels. Firstly, in the star role of youthful Dora in David Copperfield (“I don’t remember who was there, except Dora”) and latterly in the less-flattering guise of Flora, in Little Dorrit (“Flora, who had seemed enchanting in all she said and thought, but was now diffuse and silly”).
In the end, it was the sending of an indiscreet bracelet to Ellen that got Dickens rumbled by his wife. As for his readers, they remained in blissful ignorance; even when the couple were caught up in a train crash, Dickens made sure Ellen was whisked away from the scene to avoid scandal.
“Does any of that make Nicholas Nickleby or A Tale Of Two Cities not a great novel?” asks Ian Dickens, whose third name, as with all male member of the Dickens line, is Charles. “I don’t think so.
“As to why there hasn’t been a Dickens statue in Britain before, I and the rest of the family believe that he was talking about some great big funeral obelisk to mark where he was buried. I certainly don’t think he would have been so arrogant as to assume that, a hundred years after his death, people would want to put up a statue in his memory. But the fact is, they do.
“Charles Dickens came from an underprivileged family, he satirised wealth and pomposity, and spoke up for people who didn’t have a voice. This statue, and the man, belongs to everyone.”
Details of The Dickens Trail are available at dickensportsmouth.co.uk . The Charles Dickens Birthplace Museum is at 393 Old Commercial Road, Portsmouth ( charlesdickensbirthplace.co.uk ). Open April-September, Tuesday to Sunday 10am-5.30pm
| Portsmouth |
Which of the presidents depicted on the Mt. Rushmore Memorial was the last to be born? | LSI Portsmouth Blog: February 2014
Charles Dickens Unveiled In Portsmouth
202 years after the death of Charles Dickens, Portsmouth, his city of birth, has erected a statue, that cost around £140,00, to the great novelist on what would have been his birthday (today 7th February).
With 40 of his descendants at the unveiling, and many interested onlookers, it was quite a sight on this grey Portsmouth day. Along with the onlookers were people dressed in the clothes of the time riding penny farthing bicycles. The statue stands in Guildhall square, which is overlooked by the statue of Queen Victoria.
The ceremony was televised on a large screen for those who weren't able to see.
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Simply The Best - G Boutique Awarded Again
We couldn't be more delighted to share the news of our former Marketing Director's hotel's award!
Allan Gray (who with his brother founded LSI) runs G Boutique, a wonderful boutique hotel in Southsea, that many of our students and agents have enjoyed staying at. Last year the hotel appeared on the TV programme 'Four in a Bed' and came first in the show winning their award (read more here) . Now they have been voted winners of the prestigious 'Simply The Guest' award from LateRooms.com. For a hotel that has been open less than two years - that is an amazing success.
Click the picture to read the story of the TV show
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What sort of creature is a hoopoe? | Hoopoe: the butterfly bird | Discover Wildlife
Local Patch Reporters
Hoopoe: the butterfly bird
The flamboyant hoopoe is dressed to impress and has a beguiling song to match. Rob Hume shares his lifelong love affair with one of Europe’s most beautiful birds.
3rd September 2010
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The flamboyant hoopoe is dressed to impress and has a beguiling song to match. Rob Hume shares his lifelong love affair with one of Europe’s most beautiful birds.
“Look! it’s, er… it’s a woodpecker!” I knew the bird wasn’t really a woodpecker, but had to call it something. How else could this schoolboy point out such an unfamiliar black-and-white creature fluttering over a patch of waste ground in the coalfields of the English Midlands in November?
It looked unlike anything else in my experience. This was an inexplicable time and place to see my first ever hoopoe, but it just goes to show: with birds, you should expect the unexpected.
Even before they expanded their scope to cover mainland Europe, beginners’ books on British birds often featured the hoopoe. The species was included, I suppose, to spice up field guides with an exotic taste of sunnier climes. Like many an eager young birdwatcher, I singled it out as a must-see.
Spring surprises
About 100 hoopoes arrive in the UK each year, but trying to catch up with one that’s been reported on our shores is far from easy. They appear and then disappear as if by magic, and seldom hang around.
The majority of these hoopoes arrive in spring: those migrating north from Africa to Iberia and France have a tendency to overshoot, flying a little too far. Since most birds are precise in their migrations – the swallow in your shed is probably the same one that nested there last year – the hoopoes’ behaviour is more likely to have long-term value than to be a mere accident.
So, might pioneering individuals find conditions here to their liking and settle, thus extending the species’ range, as happened with little egrets?
A warm welcome
It is sometimes suggested that warmer summers may tempt hoopoes to become regular British nesters. I’m sure they would be welcomed here with open arms, but so far there’s little sign of colonisation, with fewer than 50 known instances of breeding in the past two centuries.
Hoopoes, after all, are partial to big, fat grubs. If birds such as cuckoos, which depend on large, nutritious caterpillars in spring, are going downhill fast in this country, then it hardly seems likely that hoopoes will find conditions here to their taste.
In truth, these are package-holiday birds, which can be glimpsed on beach holidays anywhere in the Mediterranean. They are also widespread from early spring to autumn across most of France, Spain and Portugal, and over much of eastern Europe.
Without doubt, they rank among the continent’s most stunning birds – a flash of dazzling black and white combined with a liberal dash of pale orange, offset by long, sabre-like bills and topped with extraordinary make-believe fans on their crowns.
Sunshine birds
What do hoopoes need for a good life? Firstly, some kind of hole in which to nest, in a tree, wall, cliff or even an old rabbit warren. Secondly, dry ground with sparse, low-growing vegetation or bare sandy soil, where they can run around unhindered on their short legs to find food, and, finally, a few trees to which they can retreat when danger threatens.
Olive groves and stands of cork oaks suit hoopoes fine, as do small meadows with tumbledown walls and outbuildings. Hotel lawns and flowerbeds are worth checking for grubs, but intensive farming is bad news.
As for most wild things, a stony, weedy, flowery field with an abundance of grubs and beetles is much better than a neatly planted, uniform crop. That’s why hoopoes, sadly, have a poor outlook in Britain, whatever the weather. Rising temperatures alone will not help these bobby-dazzlers to spread north.
Mood swings
As if their outlandish plumage were not enough, hoopoes also have a startling ability to show how they are feeling. Usually they hold their crests closed, like tapered spikes extending from the backs of their heads, but if their mood swings to alarm or excitement, the birds flick open the elongated plumes in a dramatic ragged fan. It’s a bit like the avian equivalent of your hair standing on end.
Hoopoes are, indeed, splendid creatures, but finding them can be tricky.
Off the pages of bird books, in their native habitat, they simply vanish, lost amid the dappled, rippling shade and flickering leaves at the bottom of hedges, among the poppies, daisies and tassel hyacinths beneath ancient olive trees, or against the dark fissures of crumbling orange drystone walls.
Now you see them...
In this visually chaotic environment, the birds’ distinctive form dissolves. The rhythmic movement of their springing walk, heads bobbing back and forth like those of pigeons, crests half-opening and closing, combines with complex patterns of bars and stripes and their gorgeous sunset-hued bodies to create highly effective camouflage.
Many times I have strolled through a hoopoe’s favourite patch thinking the bird was not at home, only to see it materialise out of thin air. Then, with a deep flap of its wings, and a brief rollercoaster ride over a wall, it’s gone again. Even a fleeting encounter is a rich reward, but I make a mental note to approach more warily next time and to spot the bird before it notices me.
If I manage to follow a hoopoe in flight over a longer distance, I never tire of watching its curiously jaunty, buoyant action. The wings flick and jerk in and out, until it settles again with a momentary, brakes-full-on flurry of widely fingered wingtips and fanned tail.
Probe, bash, swallow
On the ground, hoopoes waddle and rush forwards in short sallies, pausing to probe sparse grass or loose earth for some trifle. Like starlings, they have strong muscles around their heads, so that they can open their bills even when they are pushed into the soil. The birds pick up food with the tips of their bills, toss their heads back to get a better grip, then quickly swallow and move on.
Larger prey, such as a locust or lizard, is subdued by bashing it against the ground in much the same way that a song thrush deals with a snail, before being broken into manageable pieces.
Poop, poop, poop
I like to slip out early in the quiet of morning to listen for hoopoe song, an understated performance that is as much a part of the Mediterranean soundscape as the tinkling bells of sheep and goats. So much so, you might not notice it at first – you need to concentrate to bring the sound to the fore among the breaking-glass twittering of serins and corn buntings, the throaty music of nightingales and the staccato bursts of chattering fired off by Sardinian warblers.
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By land area, what is the largest country in Central America? | The Hoopoe: Emissary of Kings, Secreter of Stink | Audubon
The 2016 Audubon Photography Awards Winners
The Hoopoe: Emissary of Kings, Secreter of Stink
It takes a special bird to incur the wrath of a legendary king. “I will punish him most severely,” rages King Solomon about the Hoopoe, in Chapter 27 of the Qu’ran, “or will kill him, unless he brings me a convincing excuse!”
The Hoopoe’s crime? It was late to some kind of ancient bird consortium, having spent the previous three months traveling the land without food or water, spreading the good news of Solomon to all who would listen—and gathering intel on the king's rivals. You'd think the Hoopoe might be given a pass after such an epic assignment, but Solomon ran a tight ship, and lateness, it seems, was a cardinal sin.
Despite its brief run-in with Solomon, or perhaps because of it, the Hoopoe has enjoyed a lofty status throughout history. Not only was it Solomon’s special messenger, it was also named the wisest bird in the world by the Persian poet Attar of Nishapur in his 1177 epic, The Conference of the Birds . But this pretty creature’s looks—not its brains—likely won over its many admirers across the years (and helped it nab the honor of becoming Israel's national bird).
Native to the grasslands, savannahs, and woodlands of Europe, Asia, Africa, and Madagascar, the Hoopoe (also called the Hudhud) is the only surviving member of the Hoopoe family. Its Latin name, which, like its English name is an onomatopoetic imitation of the bird’s cry, is extremely fun to say: Upupa epops. The Hoopoe bears a bright orange crest atop its fawn-colored head, and flies on a pair of elegant, zebra-striped wings. Its slender, gunmetal-colored beak—so strong it can be opened even when plunged into the ground in pursuit of insects —doubles as a weapon, and can bring the most brutal of territorial disputes to a grisly end, with males engaging in a bloody, mid-air beak-joust that sometimes leaves one party blinded , just as certain species of hummingbirds are known to do.
Wise, beautiful, and scrappy—the Hoopoe can't help but command respect. But as researchers from Iran's University of Isfahan point out in a recent paper , when the Hoopoe gets home, it leaves its dignity at the door: During breeding season, the female’s preening—or uropygial—gland, located under her thick, black-and-white tail feathers, swells dramatically. From this swollen node, the female expels generous amounts of a thick brown liquid that smells just like rotting meat, thanks to a notoriously malodorous compound within it called dimethyl-sulfide . Using her beak, the Hoopoe goes on to coat her feathers in this putrid goo, and if she has a newly laid clutch of eggs, she’ll coat them in it, too, making for a pretty repulsive nest situation.
However, what may at first appear to be a flagrant rejection of hygiene turns out to be quite the opposite. This uropygial secretion the Hoopoe smears all over herself is filled with fatty lipids and a waxy substance called sebum that actually make her feathers more flexible and waterproof. Furthermore, biologists from the Universidad de Granada in Spain discovered in 2006 that the substance also contains colonies of the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, which is the natural predator of another bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis. And if you’re a bird, you DO NOT want B. licheniformis—this destructive microbe secretes enzymes that digest keratin, the protein that accounts for 90 percent of a feather's composition.
So it makes sense for the mother Hoopoe to coat her feathers in the stuff, but her eggs? The behavior puzzled scientists for many years, because eggs don’t need waterproofing, and their slippery surface didn’t appear to be particularly absorbent. But just last year, the team from Spain discovered microscopic pits on the surface of the eggshells, which serve to catch the mother’s bacteria-laden liquid as it seeps out of her posterior. "It seems that the microbes in the pits, and the antibiotics they produce, act as a living shield,” science writer Ed Yong explains in his blog, Phenomena . “They stop harmful bacteria from colonizing the eggs, and from traveling through pores in the shell to reach the chicks inside.”
About six days after hatching, the chicks follow suit and develop their own gross defense mechanisms : When threatened, they’ll turn their tails to face their enemy and squirt liquid feces in its general direction.
The Hoopoe may have its faults, but vanity doesn't appear to be among them. Yet something about the Hoopoe is still managing to upset the gods, even in the modern age. Last year, a massive tropical cyclone that happened to be named after the bird devastated local communities throughout eastern India and Nepal—and tore through Hoopoe nests on India’s eastern coast. Cyclone Hudhud ended up killing so many Hoopoes that local birdwatchers grew anxious about the species’ fate in the storm-affected areas. Fortunately, there’s no current concern for the future of the species, which is believed to be doing fine across its incredibly wide range. Thanks to its thoroughly nasty defenses and apparently serious espionage skills, this bird’s a survivor.
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What was on the flipside of Jasper Carrott’s ‘Funky Moped’? | Bio | Jasper Carrott The Official Website
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A career that has spanned five decades first started when Jasper became resident compére at the Boggery Folk Club in Birmingham in the mid-seventies. There he discovered his talent for comedy, and his inability to sing; the rest, as they say, is history.
A hugely popular stalwart of the British folk club scene, his comedy single Funky Moped shot to the top of the British pop charts in 1975, establishing him as a household name overnight. The flipside was his take on the legendary Magic Roundabout, a record still sought out today by a whole new generation of fans.
Highlights of his career have included:
“An Audience with Jasper Carrott”, 1978, the original London Weekend Television show, (whose title was later purloined for a very different format);
“The Unrecorded Jasper Carrott”, unique as a live-to-air one hour Saturday night comedy show;
“Carrott’s Lib”, winner of a BAFTA Award (1983);
“Carrott’s Commercial Breakdown”, in the 1990s, winner of Best Independent Prize at the
prestigious Montreux Festival;
“The Detectives”, (1993) the long-running BBC television series with Robert Powell;
“Back to the Front” – a six part series which Bob Monkhouse called “the finest stand-up comedy on television” (1999);
“The Mikado”, a guest season as Koko with the D’Oyly Carte Theatre at The Savoy Theatre, London, in 2002.
“All About Me”, a family sit-com that ran for three series on BBC television from 2003;
“24 CarrottGold”, recorded live in 2004 at the Birmingham Arena to 72,000 people and breaking box office records;
“Golden Balls”, the hugely popular game-show which ran daily for an incredible five series on prime-time ITV1 from 2007.
“The One Jasper Carrott”, a return to BBC TV for a one-off stand-up show broadcast on BBC One in January 2012.
Awards and accolades have followed Jasper throughout his career, including BBC TV Personality of the Year, a Gold Medal at the New York TV and Film Awards, Midlander of the Year Award, his own ‘Star’ on Birmingham’s Walk of Stars and the British Comedy Awards Lifetime Achievement Award in 2008.
In recognition of his outstanding work for charity, Jasper Carrott was awarded an OBE in Her Majesty’s New Year’s Honours List in 2003.
However, with typical restraint, Jasper says that his notable achievements are: two gold albums, four silver discs, 1.5 million books and two T-shirts!
Divi Theme Customised by Niche Media , eMail Niche-Media.co.uk , © Jasper Carrott.com 2016
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Which beast did Hera raise to kill Hercules, but ended up being slain by him? | Bio | Jasper Carrott The Official Website
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A career that has spanned five decades first started when Jasper became resident compére at the Boggery Folk Club in Birmingham in the mid-seventies. There he discovered his talent for comedy, and his inability to sing; the rest, as they say, is history.
A hugely popular stalwart of the British folk club scene, his comedy single Funky Moped shot to the top of the British pop charts in 1975, establishing him as a household name overnight. The flipside was his take on the legendary Magic Roundabout, a record still sought out today by a whole new generation of fans.
Highlights of his career have included:
“An Audience with Jasper Carrott”, 1978, the original London Weekend Television show, (whose title was later purloined for a very different format);
“The Unrecorded Jasper Carrott”, unique as a live-to-air one hour Saturday night comedy show;
“Carrott’s Lib”, winner of a BAFTA Award (1983);
“Carrott’s Commercial Breakdown”, in the 1990s, winner of Best Independent Prize at the
prestigious Montreux Festival;
“The Detectives”, (1993) the long-running BBC television series with Robert Powell;
“Back to the Front” – a six part series which Bob Monkhouse called “the finest stand-up comedy on television” (1999);
“The Mikado”, a guest season as Koko with the D’Oyly Carte Theatre at The Savoy Theatre, London, in 2002.
“All About Me”, a family sit-com that ran for three series on BBC television from 2003;
“24 CarrottGold”, recorded live in 2004 at the Birmingham Arena to 72,000 people and breaking box office records;
“Golden Balls”, the hugely popular game-show which ran daily for an incredible five series on prime-time ITV1 from 2007.
“The One Jasper Carrott”, a return to BBC TV for a one-off stand-up show broadcast on BBC One in January 2012.
Awards and accolades have followed Jasper throughout his career, including BBC TV Personality of the Year, a Gold Medal at the New York TV and Film Awards, Midlander of the Year Award, his own ‘Star’ on Birmingham’s Walk of Stars and the British Comedy Awards Lifetime Achievement Award in 2008.
In recognition of his outstanding work for charity, Jasper Carrott was awarded an OBE in Her Majesty’s New Year’s Honours List in 2003.
However, with typical restraint, Jasper says that his notable achievements are: two gold albums, four silver discs, 1.5 million books and two T-shirts!
Divi Theme Customised by Niche Media , eMail Niche-Media.co.uk , © Jasper Carrott.com 2016
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