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On what material was the Mona Lisa painted?	Mona Lisa \| painting by Leonardo da Vinci \| Britannica.com painting by Leonardo da Vinci Written By: sfumato Mona Lisa, oil painting on a poplar wood panel by the Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer Leonardo da Vinci , probably the world’s most-famous painting . It was painted sometime between 1503 and 1519, when Leonardo was living in Florence , and it now hangs in the Louvre , in Paris , where it remains an object of pilgrimage in the 21st century. The poplar panel shows evidence of warping and was stabilized in 1951 with the addition of an oak frame and in 1970 with four vertical braces. Dovetails also were added, to prevent the widening of a small crack visible near the centre of the upper edge of the painting. The sitter’s mysterious smile and her unproven identity have made the painting a source of ongoing investigation and fascination. Mona Lisa, oil painting on a poplar wood panel by Leonardo da Vinci, … The Print Collection—Heritage-Images Overview of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, with a discussion of the … Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz The Mona Lisa and its influence These signs of aging distract little from the painting’s effect. In its exquisite synthesis of sitter and landscape, the Mona Lisa set the standard for all future portraits. The painting presents a woman in half-body portrait, which has as a backdrop a distant landscape. Yet this simple description of a seemingly standard composition gives little sense of Leonardo’s achievement. The sensuous curves of the sitter’s hair and clothing, created through sfumato (use of fine shading), are echoed in the shapes of the valleys and rivers behind her. The sense of overall harmony achieved in the painting—especially apparent in the sitter’s faint smile—reflects Leonardo’s idea of the cosmic link connecting humanity and nature, making this painting an enduring record of Leonardo’s vision. Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent There has been much speculation and debate regarding the identity of the portrait’s sitter. Scholars and historians have posited numerous interpretations, including that she is Lisa del Giocondo (née Gherardini), the wife of the Florentine merchant Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo, hence the alternative title to the work, La Gioconda. That identity was first suggested in 1550 by artist biographer Giorgio Vasari . Another theory was that the model may have been Leonardo’s mother, Caterina. That interpretation was put forth by, among others, Sigmund Freud , who seemed to think that the Mona Lisa’s mysterious smile emerged from a—perhaps unconscious—memory of Caterina’s smile. A third suggestion was that the painting was, in fact, Leonardo’s self-portrait, given the resemblance between the sitter’s and the artist’s facial features. Some scholars suggested that disguising himself as a woman was the artist’s riddle. The sitter’s identity has not been conclusively proven. In an attempt to settle the debate, art and forensic experts in August 2013 opened the tomb of the Giocondo family in Florence in order to find Lisa del Giocondo’s remains, test her DNA, and recreate an image of her face. Whatever the sitter’s identity, the influence of the Mona Lisa on the Renaissance and later times has been enormous. The Mona Lisa revolutionized contemporary portrait painting . Leonardo’s preliminary drawings encouraged other artists to make more and freer studies for their paintings and stimulated connoisseurs to collect those drawings. Through the drawings his Milanese works were made known to the Florentines. Also, his reputation and stature as an artist and thinker spread to his fellow artists and assured for them a freedom of action and thought similar to his own. One such painter was the young Raphael , who sketched Leonardo’s work in progress and adopted the Mona Lisa format for his portraits; it served as a clear model for his Portrait of Maddalena Doni (c. 1506). Art & Architecture: Fact or Fiction? Leonardo even influenced the fashion in which artists dressed their subjects. In his Treatise on Painting, published long after his death, he wrote that art should avoid the fashion: As far as possible avoid the costumes of your own day.…Costumes of our period should not be depicted unless it be on tombstones, so that we may be spared being laughed at by our successors for the mad fashions of men and leave behind only things that may be admired for their dignity and beauty. Connect with Britannica The Mona Lisa demonstrates this aspect of his treatise perfectly in that La Giaconda is dressed in a coloured shift, loosely pleated at the neck, instead of the tight clothes that were then popular. Other Mona Lisas At least a dozen excellent replicas of the Mona Lisa exist, many of them by the master’s students. The proliferation of Mona Lisas reflects, at least in part, the subject’s almost immediate embodiment of the ideal woman—beautiful, enigmatic , receptive, and still just out of reach. Over the centuries this quintessential woman has taken on a new life in popular culture . In the 20th century alone, her iconic status was mocked in schoolboy fashion—the addition of a mustache and goatee to a postcard reproduction—in Marcel Duchamp ’s readymade, L.H.O.O.Q. (1919). His irreverent defacing of this best known of iconic paintings expressed the Dadaists ’ scorn for the art of the past, which in their eyes was part of the infamy of a civilization that had produced the horrors of the First World War just ended. Andy Warhol too took aim at the painting’s status, in his 1963 serigraph Mona Lisa. Mona Lisa off the wall References in the visual arts have been complemented by musical examinations. La Giaconda’s personality and quirks were examined in a 1915 opera by Max von Schillings. Leonardo’s portrait is also the inspiration for the classic song “ ” by American lyricist Ray Evans and songwriter Jay Harold Livingston: Mona Lisa, Mona Lisa You’re so like the lady with the mystic smile Is it only ’cause you’re lonely They have blamed you For that Mona Lisa strangeness in your smile Do you smile to tempt a lover, Mona Lisa Or is this your way to hide a broken heart Many dreams have been brought to your doorstep They just lie there, and they die there Are you warm, are you real, Mona Lisa Or just a cold and lonely, lovely work of art Britannica Lists & Quizzes	poplar wood
Which 1980 historical novel is narrated by a young Benedictine monk, Adso of Melk?	Mona Lisa \| painting by Leonardo da Vinci \| Britannica.com painting by Leonardo da Vinci Written By: sfumato Mona Lisa, oil painting on a poplar wood panel by the Italian painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, and engineer Leonardo da Vinci , probably the world’s most-famous painting . It was painted sometime between 1503 and 1519, when Leonardo was living in Florence , and it now hangs in the Louvre , in Paris , where it remains an object of pilgrimage in the 21st century. The poplar panel shows evidence of warping and was stabilized in 1951 with the addition of an oak frame and in 1970 with four vertical braces. Dovetails also were added, to prevent the widening of a small crack visible near the centre of the upper edge of the painting. The sitter’s mysterious smile and her unproven identity have made the painting a source of ongoing investigation and fascination. Mona Lisa, oil painting on a poplar wood panel by Leonardo da Vinci, … The Print Collection—Heritage-Images Overview of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa, with a discussion of the … Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz The Mona Lisa and its influence These signs of aging distract little from the painting’s effect. In its exquisite synthesis of sitter and landscape, the Mona Lisa set the standard for all future portraits. The painting presents a woman in half-body portrait, which has as a backdrop a distant landscape. Yet this simple description of a seemingly standard composition gives little sense of Leonardo’s achievement. The sensuous curves of the sitter’s hair and clothing, created through sfumato (use of fine shading), are echoed in the shapes of the valleys and rivers behind her. The sense of overall harmony achieved in the painting—especially apparent in the sitter’s faint smile—reflects Leonardo’s idea of the cosmic link connecting humanity and nature, making this painting an enduring record of Leonardo’s vision. Britannica Stories Ringling Bros. Folds Its Tent There has been much speculation and debate regarding the identity of the portrait’s sitter. Scholars and historians have posited numerous interpretations, including that she is Lisa del Giocondo (née Gherardini), the wife of the Florentine merchant Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo, hence the alternative title to the work, La Gioconda. That identity was first suggested in 1550 by artist biographer Giorgio Vasari . Another theory was that the model may have been Leonardo’s mother, Caterina. That interpretation was put forth by, among others, Sigmund Freud , who seemed to think that the Mona Lisa’s mysterious smile emerged from a—perhaps unconscious—memory of Caterina’s smile. A third suggestion was that the painting was, in fact, Leonardo’s self-portrait, given the resemblance between the sitter’s and the artist’s facial features. Some scholars suggested that disguising himself as a woman was the artist’s riddle. The sitter’s identity has not been conclusively proven. In an attempt to settle the debate, art and forensic experts in August 2013 opened the tomb of the Giocondo family in Florence in order to find Lisa del Giocondo’s remains, test her DNA, and recreate an image of her face. Whatever the sitter’s identity, the influence of the Mona Lisa on the Renaissance and later times has been enormous. The Mona Lisa revolutionized contemporary portrait painting . Leonardo’s preliminary drawings encouraged other artists to make more and freer studies for their paintings and stimulated connoisseurs to collect those drawings. Through the drawings his Milanese works were made known to the Florentines. Also, his reputation and stature as an artist and thinker spread to his fellow artists and assured for them a freedom of action and thought similar to his own. One such painter was the young Raphael , who sketched Leonardo’s work in progress and adopted the Mona Lisa format for his portraits; it served as a clear model for his Portrait of Maddalena Doni (c. 1506). Art & Architecture: Fact or Fiction? Leonardo even influenced the fashion in which artists dressed their subjects. In his Treatise on Painting, published long after his death, he wrote that art should avoid the fashion: As far as possible avoid the costumes of your own day.…Costumes of our period should not be depicted unless it be on tombstones, so that we may be spared being laughed at by our successors for the mad fashions of men and leave behind only things that may be admired for their dignity and beauty. Connect with Britannica The Mona Lisa demonstrates this aspect of his treatise perfectly in that La Giaconda is dressed in a coloured shift, loosely pleated at the neck, instead of the tight clothes that were then popular. Other Mona Lisas At least a dozen excellent replicas of the Mona Lisa exist, many of them by the master’s students. The proliferation of Mona Lisas reflects, at least in part, the subject’s almost immediate embodiment of the ideal woman—beautiful, enigmatic , receptive, and still just out of reach. Over the centuries this quintessential woman has taken on a new life in popular culture . In the 20th century alone, her iconic status was mocked in schoolboy fashion—the addition of a mustache and goatee to a postcard reproduction—in Marcel Duchamp ’s readymade, L.H.O.O.Q. (1919). His irreverent defacing of this best known of iconic paintings expressed the Dadaists ’ scorn for the art of the past, which in their eyes was part of the infamy of a civilization that had produced the horrors of the First World War just ended. Andy Warhol too took aim at the painting’s status, in his 1963 serigraph Mona Lisa. Mona Lisa off the wall References in the visual arts have been complemented by musical examinations. La Giaconda’s personality and quirks were examined in a 1915 opera by Max von Schillings. Leonardo’s portrait is also the inspiration for the classic song “ ” by American lyricist Ray Evans and songwriter Jay Harold Livingston: Mona Lisa, Mona Lisa You’re so like the lady with the mystic smile Is it only ’cause you’re lonely They have blamed you For that Mona Lisa strangeness in your smile Do you smile to tempt a lover, Mona Lisa Or is this your way to hide a broken heart Many dreams have been brought to your doorstep They just lie there, and they die there Are you warm, are you real, Mona Lisa Or just a cold and lonely, lovely work of art Britannica Lists & Quizzes	i don't know
Which late, regular on Radio 4's 'Just a Minute' had served as Liberal MP for Isle of Ely?	Sir Clement Freud dies, just days before 85th birthday \| Daily Mail Online Sir Clement Freud dies, just days before 85th birthday Former Liberal MP Sir Clement Freud died yesterday at his London home Writer, broadcaster and former Liberal MP Sir Clement Freud has died, his family announced today. He passed away at his desk yesterday at his London home, just nine days short of his 85th birthday. A frequent contributor to Radio 4's Just A Minute show, Sir Clement was a grandson of the famous psychologist Sigmund Freud and a brother of artist Lucian Freud. The son of Jewish parents, Ernst Ludwig and Lucie Brasch, Freud, who was born in Berlin and fled to Britain with his family from Germany in 1933. He married wife Jill in 1950 and the couple went on to have five children including PR businessman Matthew Freud and TV presenter Emma Freud. Sir Clement made his name in politics as the MP for the Isle of Ely (later North East Cambridgeshire) from 1973 to 1987. He was hailed as the first Liberal Jewish MP for decades, but converted to Anglicanism following his marriage. Sir Clement was party spokesman on education, the arts and broadcasting, and sponsored an anti-secrets Official Information Bill. His actions played a part in the collapse of the Labour Callaghan government in 1979. The grandfather of 17 was awarded a knighthood after leaving Parliament in 1987. Enlarge Sir Clement, pictured with his dog Henry, first became a household name in the 1960s and 70s when they appeared in Minced Morsels dog food adverts In a varied career, Sir Clement worked as an apprentice cook at London's Dorchester Hotel before joining the Royal Ulster Rifles during World War II. At the end of the conflict he worked as a liaison officer at the Nuremberg war crimes trials before returning to the hotel business, at the Martinez in Cannes. It was in the 1960s and 70s when he appeared in the Minced Morsels dog food adverts that he became a household name. His role on the small screen with his dog Henry launched him on a long career as a television and radio personality, helping him become a stalwart on Radio 4s Just A Minute for more than 30 years. Sir Clement, who served in the Royal Ulster Rifles, worked as a liaison officer during the Nuremberg war trials This morning a host of celebrities paid tribute to the veteran broadcaster. Fellow Just A Minute star Stephen Fry paid tribute to a 'charming and wonderful man'. He told Radio 4's Today programme: 'I got to know him because I was lucky enough to do a couple of Just A Minutes and I became immensely fond of him. 'I was at first very afraid of him - a lot of people were. There were stories that he was immensely grouchy, he was rude sometimes to people who asked for autographs. I never experienced that side of him at all.' Fry said Sir Clement was 'a real Soho figure' during the 1950s and 1960s and knew all the girls of easy virtue, the pimps and, of course, the restaurateurs, which is where he learnt his business as a chef. 'His fund of stories about that time was simply remarkable, and he lived a sort of life on the edge. 'His brother Lucian is known as the more bohemian, I suppose, as an artist but Clement had that quality too.' Sir Clement's grandfather was Sigmund Freud, left, the founder of psychoanalysis. His older brother Lucian, right, is the famous artist with whom he had a long-standing feud Asked what Sir Clement was like to perform with, Fry added: 'He was immensely good company and he enjoyed, I think, particularly meeting new young comedians. 'Just A Minute, of course, takes on new talent and he became very fond of that new generation, led by Paul Merton, who I suppose now is old guard. 'But I think after the sad, earlyish deaths of Kenneth Williams and Peter Jones he was left sort of marooned as the last of their generation but he really enjoyed the young clustering about him.' Comedian and writer Tony Hawks, who worked with Sir Clement, added: 'Through his great intellect he would always bring out the best in you, because you sometimes would think "Who's doing the show?" and when you knew it was Clement, you thought "Oh, I'd better be on tip-top form".' Sir Clement Freud with Paul Merton during a recent series of Radio 4's Just A Minute Sir Clement was also a celebrated food, sport and comment journalist, who worked for a string of titles including the Observer, the Daily Telegraph and the Daily Express. His son Matthew was married to Earl Spencer's second wife Caroline Hutton, but is now married to media magnate Rupert Murdoch's daughter Elisabeth. Daughter Emma is the partner of Four Weddings And A Funeral and Blackadder scriptwriter Richard Curtis. His son Matthew Freud is married to Rupert Murdoch's daughter Elisabeth Daughter Emma, a TV presenter, is the partner of Notting Hill director Richard Curtis But it wasn't all smooth relations in the Freud family, with Sir Clement and elder brother Lucian at loggerheads for more than 50 years. In a rare insight about the rift, Lucian told the Daily Mail last year: 'Why on earth would I want to speak to him or see him again? 'Do you know, Clement put it about years ago that I was illegitimate, which is a bit odd as I was the middle child. I am not, by the way.' He added: 'Family is not important to me. It doesn't bother me in the slightest.' Clement Freud and Lady Jill were married for more than 50 years Sir Clement, pictured with Liberal party leader David Steel in 1978, was regarded as an energetic politician Sir Clement spoke about his death last year, claiming his relatives would want to inherit his wine. He wrote in the Times: 'I lost Sigmund's night-shirts and the heavy leather luggage, but have quite a lot of wine, the odd painting, a letter from Margaret Thatcher and a picture of me with Muhammad Ali. 'I took my children around our flat in turns to glean who wanted to have what when we died. They all wanted all the wine, my wife's desk, my collection of cookery books and the same picture, so that will be no trouble. 'When it came to money, all are hugely well heeled and what I leave, especially a fifth share of what I leave, is likely to be an embarrassment: what they tip the milkman at Christmas.' His funeral will be held next week. Sir Clement, pictured at home recently, is survived by five children and 17 grandchildren Sir Clement, pictured with wife Lady Jill, and four of their children, Nicola, Dominic, Emma, and Matthew, in 1994 Some of Sir Clement Freud's greatest lines... 'If you resolve to give up smoking, drinking and loving, you don't actually live longer; it just seems longer.' 'There’s not much doubt but we are in a period of great inflation. As the farmer said to me the other day, "Apples are going up," to which I replied, "This would come as a severe blow to Sir Isaac Newton".' 'I used to ask women to come upstairs and have sex, but now it has to be one or the other.' 'I think our police are excellent, probably because I have not done anything that has occasioned being beaten up by these good men.' 'In moments of considerable strain, I tend to take to bread-and-butter pudding. There is something about the blandness of soggy bread, the crispness of the golden outer crust and the unadulterated pleasure of a lightly set custard that makes the world seem a better place to live.' 'Congealed fat is pretty much the same, irrespective of the delicacy around which it is concealed.' 'Breakfast is a notoriously difficult meal to serve with a flourish.'	Clement Freud
Which animal forms the body of the great sphinx of Giza in Egypt?	Just A Minute blog: April 2009 Just A Minute blog A blog on the BBC radio programme Just A Minute About Me * New Just A Minute recording date* Radio Theatre, Broadcasting House, London W1A 1AA Tuesday 21st July at 7.30pm You can apply for tickets in the following way. Online: follow the link below for your chosen show from the BBC Tickets homepage. http://www.bbc.co.uk/tickets/ April 26, 2009 happy 10th - and last - birthday My website turns 10 next month and Yahoo is coming to the party to make sure there won't be an 11th. Yes, as you may have seen Yahoo is closing down Geocities the now venerable webhost that has hosted my JAM pages since May 1999. Yahoo promises help with saving data but seeing as they haven't even written to me directly yet, I'm not all that optimistic that they will spend much time helping me. Still they hosted it all for free for eight years and at minimal cost these past two years so I suppose I can't complain. Nevertheless I am not looking forward to moving more than 800 pages to some other site, and adjusting the thousands of links. I have a lot of thinking, and a lot of work to do. Some pics from the funeral The order of service at Clement's funeral Nicholas Parsons at the service Nicholas and Gyles Brandreth Clement seen off The funeral for Sir Clement Freud was held today and seems to have been quite an occasion. Most of the British papers have extensive reports and photos. Clement's JAM colleagues Nicholas Parsons, Paul Merton, Graham Norton, Gyles Brandreth and Stephen Fry were among the mourners, as of course was Emma Freud. The Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, spoke at the service, and among others attending was Bono. Among the anecdotes told at the service: A friend recalled dining with Sir Clement, who was tucking into the sausage rolls with gusto. "I thought you were trying to get in shape," said the friend. "I am," Sir Clement replied. "And the shape I have chosen is a triangle." Some of his 17 grandchildren queued to read out their favourite quotes from Sir Clement, including the occasion on Just a Minute when he was asked what his favourite words were. “Unguent”, “parallelogram” and “ubiquitous” were all candidates — but his favourite words were: “Clement Freud, you are the winner.” The funeral order of service referred to one of Clement's JAM jokes, including the words "best before" rather than "died". Nicholas Parsons made this comment after the service: "It was the most brilliant funeral service I have ever been to. Clement would have approved. He would have found something sardonic to say but he would have been very flattered and happy. He would have been extremely moved but he would not have wanted to admit it." Stephen Fry had this comment; "That was far and away the most wonderful funeral service I have ever attended, if a funeral service can be wonderful. It was touching, elegant, funny and beautifully organised. It was really remarkable. I couldn't sing, partly because I was standing next to Bono, which would have rather put my voice to shame, but also because one was so choked by it all. The whole thing was wonderful and I was proud to be there." As the coffin left the church, the Just A Minute theme, the Minute Waltz, was played. Some reports on the occasion are here This is from the Guardian Pictures here From The BBC site - selection includes pics of Nicholas and Gyles together, Paul and Graham together, and Stephen. posted by Dean \| 1:58 pm \| 0 comments Shows to come I mentioned here that I'd seen in one of the papers that Clement had recorded a couple of shows that had not yet been broadcast. Sadly, I've had a note from the BBC saying this is incorrect. Apologies... April 24, 2009 Clement's last joke against Nicholas According to the Daily Mail , Clement didn't want Nicholas to attend his funeral, due to be held later today. But Lady Freud has decided to allow him to attend, saying "hasn't Nicholas suffered enough?" Radio Theatre, Broadcasting House, London W1A 1AA Friday 8th May at 7.30pm You can apply for tickets in the following ways. April 18, 2009 48 hours... It's about 48 hours since the sad news came out. It's been busy for the blog and it's been interesting to see the reaction to Clement's death. I don't pretend to know how Clement would feel about the reaction. But I've been a little surprised by the intensity of it. Clement's death led the Today programme at 7.00 and they had a second hit after 8 interviewing Stephen Fry, whose kind and exceptionally generous comments have since been repeated everywhere. It seems to have been very prominent on newspaper websites - I obviously can't say how prominent in the papers themselves. As I mentioned, I spent some time collating some of his best remarks to help the BBC out with press requests and I've since seen some of those comments popping up here and there. I am a little surprised I guess because, JAM apart, Clement didn't strike me as a significant public figure these days. Since leaving Parliament in 1987, he has hardly courted publicity. A spell as a Rector at a Scottish university, some newspaper work, but not much that would give him real profile. Although his time as a Liberal MP has been prominent in the obits, it could be argued that he was not an especially significant politician - a middling figure in a perenially third-placed party that was nowhere near as large as it is today. The most prominent aspect in the obits has been his 42 years on Just A Minute and the reaction shows how much an institution the show is, and how Clement was so vital to it. Clement's challenges and ability to talk on, essentially his competitivesness was the key counter-balance to the silliness of Kenneth Williams. The show never quite became "The Kenneth Williams Show" because of Clement's skill at the game. Both Kenneth and Paul appreciated Clement's wit - but also I think appreciated the fact that he kept the show going as a game. Paul is of course competitive himself, but he does need someone to compete against or he begins to sound like a bully. He alludes to this on the most recent Just A Classic Minute CD, lamenting turning up to a show without Clement on the panel. That was the magic that Clement brought to the show. The reaction too has been very kindly. Clement seems to have had long-standing feuds with various people and there has been some interest in whether his brother will turn up to his funeral. But these comments are very much in a minority. Many people have used the cliche that Clement is irrepaceable. There are others who bring gravitas, competitiveness and an interest in the rules to the programme - Tim Rice, Gyles Brandreth, Sheila Hancock... maybe Tony Hawks. I'd guess we may be hearing more from them. But he is the last of the "original" gang of four on the programme, and it leaves Nicholas rather isolated - he is now 85, and will often now be 30 to 40 years older than the next oldest performer on the show. At 85 of course he must be thinking about when he would like to finish up - can he want to continue into his 90s? There must be a real chance that Nicholas's retirement or passing would be the end of the programme. But the reaction also tells us something else - that Just A Minute has become an English institution. People love it, adore it, feel they've grown up with it. It's also a big part I'm sure in the continuing affection towards Kenneth Williams. Like Clue, I think it will be a hard show to shut down. Clement had the reputation of being a grump, humourless, doleful, rude. I met him once, on a train going to a recording. My friend had a fit. All other passengers sat doing nothing. Clement enquired after him and came to his aid with assistance. He didn't have to. Not the actions of someone who had no interest in his fellow man, or who was selfish and uninterested. Thanks for that Clement, and thanks for all the fun you've given me. how about this from the Daily Mail? and isn't this a great pic of Paul and Clement - who says Freud never smiled? more from the press This is the first piece I've seen where Nicholas is quoted - from the Times Sir Clement Freud, who has died nine days short of his 85th birthday, was a man of many achievements. They included becoming a chef, nightclub proprietor, television personality, radio panellist, Liberal MP, amateur jockey and journalist — although for many years he had to endure being known as the doleful character in the dog food commercials. At least it made a change from being known as the grandson of Sigmund Freud. If his performances promoting Minced Morsels with Henry the basset hound were an onerous legacy — children who saw him in public would shout out, “Where’s your dog?”, much to his annoyance — they were also lucrative. His terms for the advertisements were that he would write his own script, that he would not mention the product by name and that he would be paid the same as the Prime Minister’s annual salary. Astonishingly, the advertising agency agreed. In later years he was best known for his appearances on the Radio 4 panel show Just a Minute, in which he was the master of the late interruption, and always sounded disappointed if he did not win. “He was very competitive,” said Nicholas Parsons, the programme’s host. His wit was evident from an early age, as was its sometimes calamitous effect. At a hunt ball in the early Fifties a girl, on discovering that his grandfather was the founder of psychoanalysis, said: “I say, congratulations! May I dance with you?” He pointed out that Sigmund Freud was not keen on dancing, though he was strong on sex, at which point the girl went bright red and beat a retreat. Times Archive, 1973: Cheering crowds thrill impassive Mr Freud As the election result was announced, all the crowd wanted to do was cheer Mr Freud, who stood blinking, looking happy but stunned His love of gambling was used to great effect when he contested the Cambridgeshire seat of the Isle of Ely for the Liberal Party. The bookmakers put him at 33-1, at which point he placed a sizeable bet on himself. “The word went round that the hot money was going on Mr Freud,” said Parsons, who helped him to campaign. “They all began to take him more seriously.” His lugubrious, grumpy demeanour concealed a mischievous streak. A big international magazine once offered him a generous sum to write about his grandfather. He duly supplied 1,500 words — on his maternal grandfather. That sense of mischief followed him into the Commons, where in his last term the painful courtship between the Liberals and the Social Democrats resulted in an alliance. A dinner was mooted in celebration and Freud was designated to find a restaurant. “There was David Owen, and Roy Jenkins, who was no stranger to the sybaritic side of life,” recalled Lord Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon. “Clay [as Freud was known to his friends] chose a vegetarian restaurant in a basement off the Tottenham Court Road. As we went down, the first thing which greeted was a sign which said that the lesbian callisthenics class was cancelled. The look of complete and utter distress on Roy Jenkins’s face, and the look of complete dislike on David Owen’s, was perfect. I know that Clay did it as a joke, and it is something I shall never forget.” This is a great piece in The Independent - includes comment from early producer Simon Brett. Although born in Germany, Sir Clement Freud came to be regarded as an essentially English character with an idiosyncratic gift for dry wit and a talent in many other spheres of life. In his multi-faceted career, he acquired the status of a minor national treasure as he progressed through roles which included celebrity cook, dog food advertiser, politician, broadcasting personality, author and raconteur. His unique persona included the incongruity of his looks, the rarity of his smiles and the counterpoints of his slow delivery and his devastatingly quick wit. He will be remembered for his four full decades on BBC Radio 4's Just a Minute, which has been on air for more than 40 years. The programme, a national institution in itself, provided the perfect platform for his droll sense of humour, sharp intelligence and endless inventiveness. He had a particular chemistry with some of its regulars such as the host, Nicholas Parsons. He found it odd, he once said, that he was in the same class as Parsons at school, "and he's now 12 years younger than I am. I wonder where I've gone wrong". Freud came from a famous family which included his brother, the painter Lucian Freud, and grandfather Sigmund, the founder of psychoanalysis, who he remembered as "benign and cigar smoking". Clement once admitted to losing valuable family heirlooms in the form of Sigmund's nightshirts. Freud was born in Berlin in 1924 to the Jewish architect Ernst Ludwig Freud and his wife, Lucie. The well-off family fled Germany shortly after the Nazis came to power, moving from Berlin to England in 1933. He was sent to a school in Devon which he recalled as "appalling", describing it as "a tough, anything-goes place". He became an apprentice chef at London's Dorchester Hotel before the start of the Second World War, and then joined the army, serving on the staff of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery. He later played a liaison role at the war trials at Nuremberg. After being demobbed, Freud moved into the hotel and nightclub business, working in Cannes and London and eventually running the Royal Court Theatre Club. He was, he said, the first man to employ personalities such as David Frost, Dudley Moore and Rolf Harris. His next turn took him into journalism, where he wrote about cookery, sport and politics. His big break came in the 1960s when he and a basset hound named Henry featured in television adverts for pet food. Freud wrote characteristically witty scripts, but what really captured the attention was the way that Henry's lugubrious appearance reflected Freud's own hangdog looks. The public was fascinated by their corresponding airs of human and canine dolefulness. The adverts made him a lot of money and conferred on him a new status as one of the TV celebrities of the day. It soon became clear, however, through the course of numerous guest appearances on the small screen, that Freud had far more to offer than just his distinctive looks. In 1973, he surprised everyone by winning a seat for the Liberals in the Isle of Ely in Cambridgeshire. Many had thought, understandably, that the frivolity of pet food commercials and of Just a Minute made an unlikely background for an MP. To this day, however, he is remembered in the area as a particularly assiduous worker for his constituents. But while he applied himself seriously to the business of politics, he remained devoted to Just a Minute, appearing in all of its series. In doing so he spanned the generations, working in the early days with Derek Nimmo and Kenneth Williams and latterly with relative newcomers such as Paul Merton and Stephen Fry. It says much for his cleverness and creativity that he continued to raise laughs in a game which he played continually for more than 40 years. Its simple rule required contestants to talk on a subject for 60 seconds without hesitation, repetition or deviation. Freud excelled both in talking and in coming up with the most ingenious objections to the performances of the rest of the panel. One of his underlying traits, both on the show and in other facets of life, was his strong sense of competitiveness: he loved to win. He once paid Fry a huge compliment, saying: "He is probably the best speaker, although he does speak four times faster than me. And he thinks ahead about 20 seconds, whereas I only think ahead about eight." Yesterday, Fry praised him in return. "I was at first very afraid of him – a lot of people were," he said. "There were a lot of stories that he was immensely grouchy and rude sometimes to people who asked for autographs, but I never experienced that side of him at all." Others, however, did. "I found he had a very acute mind, great self-knowledge and a capacity to be more directly rude to people than anyone I had up until that point encountered," said Simon Brett, who produced Just a Minute for six years. "He has a very rare and enviable human quality: he doesn't care if people dislike him. What I find admirable is that he does not pretend to be other than he is." Certainly, Freud was entirely upfront about his grumpiness. He once wrote, with only a modicum of exaggeration: "Good men are gruff and grumpy, cranky, crabbed and cross. I am also acerbic, waspish, sour, belligerent and very occasionally shrewish. "There are people I hate, I cannot remember why, but I will never forgive them; I walk out of parties to which they come, seat myself at another table if I find them sitting near me on a table plan. We grumps are designed not to suffer people gladly." He was, he explained, always like that. "I was quite a grumpy young man. My grumpiness quota hasn't really changed." This self-confessed grouchiness did nothing to rebuff the many thousands of fans and admirers who listened to him on the radio, read his hundreds of articles, bought his books and flocked in their thousands when he toured theatres to present his Audience With Clement Freud. With a characteristic mixture of grumpiness and stoicism, he put up with the inevitable questions about his famous grandfather and his famous colleague, Henry the basset hound. Jill, his wife of 59 years, once said fondly of him: "Clement is a very dry character – so quick, and he will never say the conventional thing. He never does anything the right way round. He is very contrary. He is a constant surprise, full of mischief." Fry added in his tribute that Freud had a raffishness, and an "air of disreputability". In the 1950s and 1960s, he said, Freud was "a real Soho figure – he knew all the girls of easy virtue, he knew the pimps, the racetrack tipsters." Freud produced a couple of books for children and wrote about food and drink: one of his works was The Book of Hangovers. He gave his autobiography the deliberately excruciating title of Freud Ego. The BBC asked me to help pick some magic Clement quotes for the tribute clips. Here's the list I sent back... a reminder of how funny he was... 1. this show was on the first JAM cassette - the show's broadcast date was 2 January 1993 includes this classic line on the subject of records "The great thing about Virgin Records is that they have no holes in them. " 2. this show was on the Silver Minutes tapes released in 1992 - the original show was broadcast on 18 April 1981 and came as you can imagine after a dispute with Nicholas - the subject is "cheek" CF: Cheek is when someone of diminished responsibility goes to the British Broadcasting Corporation and elects to be chairman of a panel game. On the basis that he might have some idea of how to control people whose multi-syllabic words he doesn’t understand, whose meaning he is unable to comprehend and whose hours and time he is unable to keep. I’ve now said unable three times, and because nobody’s interrupted me, only... BUZZ NP: Peter Jones has challenged. PJ: Well, I’m not interrupting because I’m enjoying it! 3. In the same year, this is a classic example of Clement going the whole 60 seconds (he does it three times in this show) - but this shows him timing the payoff for the last second - 14 March 1981 , subject is the best putdown I ever heard CF: The best putdown I ever heard was exceedingly short, as are all good putdowns. And in a game in which you have to waffle for 60 seconds, and best being not a word that one can conditionalise in any way, I will have to give you the build-up to this putdown, in order that the short sentence with which I will end my speech may not be outside the rules of Just A Minute. It was a summer evening in Aberdeen. It was raining slightly and the mist was coming down from the hills. And at the banqueting hall in the Royal Station Hotel, the head waiter nudged the main speaker and said “functions are about to begin, it is up to you to open your mouth”. And Mister Gladstone, who was there on this occasion, was introduced at such very great length by so boring a man that when he was finally told “and now we come to the Prime Minister to give his address”, the aforementioned gentleman said “Ten Downing Street...” WHISTLE 4. This is one of his better lines which he used a few times - for example on 1 March 2004 CF: My favourite proposition used to be people saying to me “will you come upstairs and make love to me?” And now I have to reply “one or the other”! 5. This is another great line from 9 January 1993 . CF: I’d like to tell rather a nice story about Gascoigne who is known as Gazza, a footballer who plays for Lazio and when Gazza played his first game for Lazio, the coach said to him "do your best and we’ll pull you off at halftime". And Gazza said "oh that’ll be a change, at Tottenham they gave us oranges". 6. There was an old man from Japan, Whose poetry never could scan, When asked reasons why, He replied with a sigh, “Well you see it’s like this, I always try to get as many words into the last line as I possibly can. 7. This is a good quicky from 14 March 2005 - it was on the 40th anniversary clips programme last year NP: And we begin the show with Clement Freud. Clement, the subject is answering back. Sixty seconds as usual starting now. CLEMENT FREUD: Shan't! Another quick clever remark, subject is queuing at the supermarket 31 July 1982 "I don’t mind queues to get into a supermarket so much, but resent deeply that once you are in there, they make you stand in a queue to get out." 9. I like this too - from 11 March 2002 NP: Paul the subject now is the best way to win a bonus point. That is the subject, it’s your turn to begin so you start now. PM: The best way to win a bonus point is to flatter Nicholas! Let me show you how it works. Mister Parsons, you are a wonderful chairman! I can’t imagine how this programme would survive without you! BUZZ NP: (laughs) Clement Freud challenged. CF: I can! This is from last year at Edinburgh - 18 August 2008 CF: The highlight of my day this morning was when I walked into my hotel lift and inadvertently hit a woman quite hard into the front with my elbow, and we were both startled, and I said "if your heart is as soft as your bosom, you will forgive me," and she said "if your willy is as hard as your elbow, I'm in Room 264." posted by Dean \| 10:44 am \| 0 comments more thoughts on Clement I've had about 50 emails (including a few blog posts in the comments section) about Clement today. I've taken out the names but here's a selection of what the fans are saying... Sad but not unexpected at 84. A good life. Can't believe they are now all gone. How terribly, terribly sad. I'm so glad I got to see him at last August's Fringe recordings; he was, as always, on form and as sharp as ever. He shall be missed, and JAM will surely mourn the loss of his wit. Thank you for years of laughter, Clement. Without meaning to be insensitive, may I please lodge a fond and final challenge to Clement: Hesitation! And I bet Clement would battle all the angels, devils, and Gods to return through the ether to explain that he was just pausing between words... Many thanks, Clement, for half a century of wit and fun. Was Clement my favorite panellist? No. That would be Peter Jones. But he was always quintessentially Clement on Just a Minute whether it be his never ending lists, his insistence on bonus points or just a simple "Yes". More than any other panellist, he got the most laughs out of saying very little. Even when it was his turn, he talked so slowly that you sometimes wondered if he was going to make it to the end of the sentence much less the minute. He had the same adeptness of one liners that Peter had ("The great thing about Virgin Records is they have no holes in them"). But he was also a terrific player of the game into his 80s. He got the ire of the late Wendy Richard by seemingly always buzzing in and getting a point with one second to go no matter what the score was. He will be solely missed by those of us who prefer our humor on the dry side. Goodbye Clement. I hope that eternity will treat you well. And that you always get the last point you always seemed to want. I feel sadder this morning hearing of Clement's death than I did when I heard Humph had died. Perhaps it's that Clement performed on radio unscripted and things that he said (mostly funny, very occasionally less so) were off-the-cuff and improvised. Perhaps its that I had a fondness for his off-radio work as well. I too will miss him on JaM. Clement... you'll be very much missed... This is very sad news, but as the old cliche goes, at least he had a good innings. He may have been getting slower and slower on JAM as the years went by, but he was still a superb wit with a deadpan sense of timing. He will be greatly missed from future episodes, and no doubt from all his other activities in life. Rest in peace. What a legend. I read the news on the BBC and came straight here (the blog). Sir Clement was a resonant link with an era now almost vanished, an era of dignified eloquence combined with self-deprecation. The last time I heard him, a few weeks ago, on "Just a Minute", he was on great form, better than I'd heard him for a couple of years - the combination of his great gravitas and his sense of mischief was a sea-anchor in the ebb and flow of the show. He will indeed be much missed. It comes as some consolation, and must also do so for his family, that he was fit and active to the end, and that he had such a large and loving family. Rest in peace! I will certainly miss spending time in his lugubrious and sharp company. I am so glad that I got to shake his hand at the end of the last JAM recording in London I attended. God Bless. I will miss him dearly - he was fantastic on the show right up until the end. We'll miss Clement Freud The show will simply not be the same without him. I always felt like something was missing when Clement wasn't on the show. I never could put my finger on it. A sense of history perhaps? Maybe we'll see Sheila on the show more. I hope so. But you can't replace Clement. He was one of a kind. And he was a bit Soho. Even that beard of his said so I listen to the Today programme later in the day having recorded it earlier, so have only just found out the news that I have been dreading. No one can replace this original personality. His exceptional wit coupled with dead-pan delivery, life experiences, natural competitiveness and the friendly rivalry between himself and Paul Merton will be greatly missed from Just A Minute. More than that, if anyone hasn't read his autobiography 'Freud, Ego', then they should get hold of a copy immediately. It is one of the funniest books I've ever read, not least because anyone reading it who didn't 'know' Clement would probably find it virtually humourless. I SO much wanted him to release a second autobiographical book, as the above finished with his election to parliament. I feel certain he could have easily filled another book with his stories following that election, his continued appearances on JAM, his love of cricket and horse racing and all the other celebrity appearances he made between then and now. What a terrible, devestating loss to Just A Minute, England and, forgive me, to myself. Future series of Just A minute will never be quite the same again. If I could live half a full a life as he, then i shall die happy. it seemed almost inevitable, but still very sad news nonetheless. Clement Freud was a wonderful individual, I've talked about him at great length in my own thread praising the talents of the Original Foursome, and it is indeed very sad that such a man of knowledge and wit is gone. But I take solace in the fact that he is now reunited with his friends, Derek Nimmo, Kenneth Williams, and Peter Jones in that BBC Panel Game in the sky. A very sad loss of a great man. It seems very fitting that he has the middle name "Raphael." I am deeply saddened by the loss of Sir Clement the only comfort I can find is to paraphrase the great man himself: Sir Clement Freud More tributes from the Guardian Mark Damazer, the BBC Radio 4 controller, praised Freud's "style and content" over more than 40 years as a contestant on the station's panel show Just a Minute. Freud had contributed to every series of the show since taking part in the first episode in 1967. "Call it what you will – dry, lugubrious, droll, deadpan – it was a unique way of dealing with the show's inherent verbal challenges – and with the other panellists," wrote Damazer on the Radio 4 blog this morning. "And his richly varied life gave him a reservoir of knowledge from which he could pull out stories, one-liners, anecdotes, aphorisms and quotations. He was a very clever man indeed." Damazer said Freud had attended a recent dinner for the Just a Minute team and was "vivid, funny, and gossipy", telling everyone how much he enjoyed the show. "When I became controller of Radio 4 he was one of the first people to phone me up. We had not met. His opening line was 'I am a very young man, you know, and I intend to go on for decades.' He didn't quite achieve that – but he remained a terrific asset to Radio 4 throughout. He will be missed." Freud remained on the Observer sports desk until 1964 and also became cookery editor of the left-wing literary and political magazine Time and Tide between 1961 and 1963. He contributed to the Observer Magazine from 1964 to 1968. Echoing comments made today by the comedian Stephen Fry, who described Freud's "raffishness", an Observer piece by Freud from March 1964 hints at his knowledge of the seedier side of London with his characteristic wry wit. "Much information can be gleaned from notices in shop windows. There are a few rules to remember," he wrote. "'Tuition' tends to mean prostitution. 'French' and 'Swedish' have become dirty words. 'Models' don't. And 'Trousers pressed while you wait', though inspired as an advertisement, must not be taken literally. "While a Turkish bath could be said to be the epitome of a metropolitan man's world, it is not always advisable to talk to other men there present ... " Freud continued to work as a print journalist throughout his career, contributing to the Daily Telegraph magazine, Sunday Telegraph, Sun, News of the World and Financial Times during the 1960s; and the Daily Express from 1973 to 1975 during his first two years as Liberal MP for the Isle of Ely. Freud left Parliament in 1987 when he was knighted, and continued to contribute to various publications including the Independent, Times and Radio Times. His funeral will be held next week. As he wrote in the Observer in December 1964: "If you resolve to give up smoking, drinking and loving, you don't actually live longer; it just seems longer." The prime minister, Gordon Brown, added to today's tributes, describing Freud's huge contribution to public life. "I first met Sir Clement more than 30 years ago when he was rector of Dundee University and I was rector of the University of Edinburgh," Brown said. "I was proud to have known him and the whole country should recognise the achievements in his life. My thoughts are with his wife and family at this difficult time." from the Telegraph Most men with such varied interests could be said to have enjoyed them, but Freud, having ruthlessly marketed himself as a celebrity, was unable to conquer a dyspeptic nature. This manifested itself in a lugubrious manner which made him less popular with those who knew him – even in that most tolerant of clubs, the House of Commons – than with those who heard him on the radio. Freud’s near lifelong estrangement from his artist elder brother Lucian was not of his making, however. When the then Clemens Freud looked like winning a boyhood race round a Vienna park, Lucian called out: “Stop thief!” and Clemens was seized by passers-by. In England, the bearded Freud, who possessed an uncanny resemblance to King Edward VII, became a household name appearing in dog food commercials alongside an equally mournful bloodhound named Henry. His journalistic output was prodigious, running the gamut from the New Yorker to the pre-Murdoch Sun. He was at his best writing on food and drink (he had been an apprentice at the Dorchester and trained at the Martinez in Cannes). He generally wrote about recalcitrant head waiters, overrated chefs and curmudgeonly customs officers, waging a ceaseless battle against their arrogance while not always free of the trait himself . Once, having waited 25 minutes for turtle soup, he told the waitress: “If you are making fresh turtle soup it is going to take two days, and we do not have the time. If it is canned turtle soup, I do not wish to eat here if it takes you 25 minutes to open a can.” Writing on cookery did have a downside. Freud observed that there was nothing more depressing than “when you are served up some miserable, inedible dish and the hostess leans over proudly to announce: 'It’s one of yours.’ ”. Freud broke into journalism in 1956 as a sports writer for the Observer, first tackling food in 1961 as cookery editor of Time and Tide on the back of his success as proprietor of the Royal Court Theatre Club; he wrote subsequently for the Observer and Telegraph magazines, doubling as a daredevil reporter who suffered frostbite on an RAF survival course. He was a columnist and diarist for The Sunday Telegraph (initially on the City), News of the World, Financial Times, Daily Express, Radio Times, Times, Punch and the New Yorker. He wrote books for children, inventing 'Grimble’, the sensible son of criminal parents, and regaled adults with Freud on Food and The Book of Hangovers. Though Freud did appear on television between commercials, his hangdog, oyster-eyed look was not deemed a success. On the radio, however, his spontaneity and capacity to amuse were tailor-made for any programme requiring a facility with words and a quick wit, with Just A Minute the ideal vehicle. He was, unsurprisingly, an award-winning after-dinner speaker, despite, or perhaps because of, his rudeness toward other guests. He lived by his wits, not least at the backgammon table. He was — until sacked for betting illegally in his own casino — a director of the Playboy Club in London and of Playboy International. Yet despite his involvement in the racy side of life he said of Soho strip clubs: “As a piece of eroticism I prefer kipper fillets with brown bread.” He found the time and the nerve to be a jockey in his youth and owner of over 40 racehorses, was an accomplished pilot and once sailed from Cape Town to Rio. Freud ('Clay’ to his colleagues) strove to be a serious politician but was never accepted as one. During his early years in the Commons he was greeted with barks whenever he rose to speak. Never at his best in the Chamber, he was a victim of his reputation as a funny man, which got in the way of determinedly serious performances. Though never short of a provocative opinion, he could seldom punch his weight. Due to the Liberals’ limited numbers he served as their spokesman on several subjects. His one notable achievement was to promote in 1978 an Official Information Bill that would have repealed the controversial catch-all Section 2 of the Official Secrets Act, and established the right of freedom of information two decades before the more timid measure promoted by Tony Blair’s government. Freud secured a Second Reading despite entrenched opposition in Whitehall; it was some way through its Committee Stage when the Callaghan government collapsed. Despite his unfortunate manner with colleagues and staff — he got through him nine secretaries in eight years — Freud was revered in his Isle of Ely constituency. An apparently freak by-election victor in 1973 owing to his celebrity status and the Heath government’s unpopularity, he cultivated his constituents — who initially pronounced his name as “Fried” — and they re-elected him to his seat (from 1983 North-East Cambridgeshire) at four General Elections. A grandson of Sigmund Freud, Clement Raphael Freud was born in Austria on April 24 1924 to the architect Ernst Freud and his wife Lucie. Freud — who never practised as a Jew — escaped with his family to Britain after the Anschluss of 1938 and earned an immediate reputation for bumptiousness at The Hall, Hampstead. He completed his education at Dartington Hall and St Paul’s School. He worked at the Dorchester until called up for war service with the Royal Ulster Rifles; his introduction to Army life was, inevitably, bizarre. Apprised of Freud's origins, his CO sent for him and observed: “Mr Freud, I don’t quite know how to put this, but are you sure you’re on the right side?” By 1946 he was serving as a liaison officer at the Nuremberg war crimes trials. On demobilisation he headed for the Continent in search of haute cuisine, before becoming catering manager of the Arts Theatre Club. In 1952 he became proprietor of the Royal Court Theatre Club, making it a highly successful avant-garde dinner-and-dance venue in still-drab post-war London. He pioneered a menu of quality, took the stage with a decidedly lewd cabaret turn, gave Dudley Moore his first break and honed his skill in attracting headlines. He won two libel actions — one against the Daily Sketch for reporting that he arranged “hot babies” for his members (they were in fact young actresses babysitting at £1 a night), the other against the Empire News for stating that he aimed to break the 4-minute mile on a diet of brandy. Early in 1963 the Royal Court reclaimed the premises for its own use. Freud then ran a succession of restaurants — one at the Open Air Theatre in Regent’s Park — and wrote and broadcast prolifically. He entered the realm of satire on David Frost’s Not So Much A Programme, the supposedly “safe” successor to That Was The Week That Was, but it was 1967 before his television career took off. He was hired by Quaker Oats to appear with Henry advertising Chunky Meat Minced Morsels, a product made mainly from whalemeat which the firm’s executives said tasted “gritty, but quite good”. Freud accepted an “enormous fee”, declaring: “I get more than Henry. I don’t have a dog and I don’t eat dog food, so I can be neutral.” The advertisement was a succès fou, winning awards in San Francisco, Tokyo and Berlin. The next year he began his association with Just a Minute, with Nicholas Parsons in the chair and Kenneth Williams and Derek Nimmo his initial fellow-panellists. By now he was a celebrity in his own right. When George Best, at the height of his footballing fame, held a house-warming party, Freud was there, rubbing shoulders with Sir Matt Busby, Bob Monkhouse, Lionel Blair, Tommy Trinder and Imogen Hassall. The party — inevitably — attracted headlines, a police car allegedly having ferried in fresh supplies when the drink ran out. Freud’s foray into politics came as a total surprise, giving rise to the suggestion that it was a stunt. Moreover with earnings he estimated at £55,000 a year, he did not need the Parliamentary salary. Stunt or no, Freud waged an effective campaign in the Isle of Ely following the death of the Conservative Sir Harry Legge-Bourke, whose most memorable act had been to urge Harold Macmillan to quit at the height of his troubles. On July 27 1973 he captured the seat, not even contested by the Liberals at the previous election, by 1,470 votes, picking up £3,000 in winnings having backed himself at 33-1. His election, mocked by some as the “theatre of the absurd”, put the Parliamentary party back into double figures. And in February 1974 he was re-elected with a majority of 8,347. Freud inadvertently voted twice, having failed to cancel a proxy vote in Suffolk, where he had a home. His first appearance in the House was unpromising, voting mistakenly with Labour on prices and incomes. But he made an impact as an impresario, setting up a saloon car race between MPs and peers, presiding over the formation of a Parliamentary cricket club and being co-opted to the Catering Committee. He blotted his copybook when the Berkeley Hotel, of which he was a director, advertised gourmet evenings at the Commons with Freud for £13 each — cancelled after complaints that they violated Parliamentary privilege. But he had Fleet Street behind him when he resigned from the committee over a £20,000 order for German crockery made without Wedgwood, the previous supplier, being asked to tender. Freud was not a party man. He had a habit of throwing tantrums at the Liberal assembly, either with delegates or the management of the conference hotel; one appalled him so much that he sought volunteers for an escape committee. He was a passionate but fitful education spokesman, upsetting some colleagues by pressing successfully for legislation to let some children leave school before their 16th birthday. He gave strong support to Peter Hain during his trial on bank robbery charges which turned out to have been concocted by South African intelligence. And when the Jeremy Thorpe affair broke in 1976, Freud was the only Liberal MP to urge that he stay on as party leader. He remained loyal to Thorpe, sitting close to him when the conspiracy charge against him came to court and being there to celebrate his acquittal. With Thorpe forced to stand down, Freud backed David Steel to succeed him; Steel improbably made him spokesman on Northern Ireland, but he did the job soundly until moved to the arts portfolio after the 1979 election. More plausibly, he took the chair of the party’s finance and administration board. His Parliamentary commitments did not limit his wider activities. In 1974 he was elected Rector of Dundee University, winning re-election three years later ahead of the soft porn star Fiona Richmond. He also used his political appeal to advance a lifelong commitment to children’s welfare. A former secretary of the Refugee Children’s Fund, he set up, with Jonathan Aitken, a Parliamentary Den of the Good Bears of the World, providing teddies to children in hospital, and was later president of the Down’s Children Association. More controversially, he remained a director of the Playboy Club until, in 1981, the police blocked renewal of the licence of its Clermont casino on the ground that Freud had gambled there while a director; he was said to have called bets on the roulette wheel even as the ball was dropping. Sir Hugh Fraser, whom Freud had beaten in an amateur National Hunt race, was also named. The Playboy board sacked Freud despite his claim to have lost overall over the years, and Beefeater Gin dropped him from its commercials. In 1983 Freud held his seat for the Liberal/SDP Alliance by 5,195 votes despite adverse boundary changes. A clue to his continuing local popularity came when he sponsored a management buy-out of March Concrete, the biggest concrete pipeworks in the country, saving 60 jobs. In 1987, with Alliance fortunes waning, he finally lost to a Conservative; Steel secured him a knighthood. After briefly considering a comeback at a by-election, Freud became a consultant to THF (later Forte), and later to the InterCity division of British Rail, pioneering a more palatable buffet car sandwich. His first creations were poached salmon and dill with mustard mayonnaise and Chinese leaves on oatmeal bread, and corned beef with red tomato chutney. For many years Freud lived in a house in Boundary Road, St John's Wood, which he bought from BR to turn into a “dream home”. With more than the purchase price spent on refurbishment, Freud and the designer Jon Bannenberg became embroiled in a complex lawsuit. In later years he lived in Wimpole Street, at Walberswick in Suffolk and in the Algarve. In 1950 Freud married the actress Jill Raymond; she, their three sons and two daughters survive him. also in the Telegraph "If you resolve to give up smoking, drinking and loving, you don't actually live longer; it just seems longer" "I used to ask women to come upstairs and have sex, but now it has to be one or the other." "I think our police are excellent, probably because I have not done anything that has occasioned being beaten up by these good men." "In moments of considerable strain, I tend to take to bread-and-butter pudding. There is something about the blandness of soggy bread, the crispness of the golden outer crust and the unadulterated pleasure of a lightly set custard that makes the world seem a better place to live." "Congealed fat is pretty much the same, irrespective of the delicacy around which it is concealed." "Breakfast is a notoriously difficult meal to serve with a flourish." "Politically, I was an anti-Conservative unable to join a Labour party hell-bent on nationalising everything that moved, so when a by-election occurred in East Anglia, where I lived and live, I stood as a Liberal and was fortunate in getting in. Ladbrokes quoted me at 33-1 in this three-horse contest, so Ladbrokes paid for me to have rather more secretarial and research staff than other MPs, which helped to keep me in for five parliaments." "In Vegas everything is done to make you gamble and forget all else. There is food and drink and music and women – who all play their part in eliminating Methodist principles from your mind." "The Inland Revenue decide to audit Cyril, summon him to their office for an appointment with their most thorough auditor, who is not surprised when Cyril arrives with his solicitor. The auditor says: 'Sir, you cannot deny that you have an extravagant lifestyle, no full-time employment, and pay no taxes on the grounds of your contention that you win money gambling. I have to tell you that Her Majesty's Customs and Excise finds that explanation difficult to believe.' "'I am a great gambler and can prove it,' says Cyril. 'Would you like a demonstration?' "The auditor considers this for a moment and agrees. Cyril says: 'I bet you a thousand pounds I can bite my own eye.' The auditor thinks for a while, finally says: 'It's a bet.' "Cyril removes his glass eye and bites it. The auditor looks sick. "'I'll bet you two thousand pounds that I can bite my other eye,' says Cyril. The auditor can tell Cyril isn't blind, so he accepts the bet. Cyril removes his false teeth and bites the good eye. "The stunned auditor now realises he has bet and lost £3,000, with Cyril's solicitor as a witness; he gets very nervous. 'Double or nothing?' Cyril says. 'I'll bet you six thousand pounds that I can stand on the righthand side of your desk and piss into the bin on the far side without getting one drop anywhere between.' "The auditor, twice burned, is cautious now but examines the proposal carefully. Cyril is not a tall man, the desk is eight foot wide; he decides there is simply no way Cyril could do that, so he agrees again. "Cyril stands at the side of the desk, unzips his trousers, strains for all he is worth but cannot make the stream reach the bin on the far side, and finishes up having urinated pretty well all over the auditor's desk. The auditor leaps with joy, realising that he has just turned a major loss into a sizeable win, then notices that Cyril's solicitor is moaning, with his head in his hands. 'Are you okay?' asks the auditor. "'Not really,' says the solicitor. 'This morning, when Cyril told me he had been summoned to this audit, he bet me £20,000 that he could come in here, piss all over your desk and you would be happy about it . . . and I took the bet.'" from the BBC Liberal Democrat Leader Nick Clegg also paid tribute saying: "Clement Freud was part of a generation of larger than life figures who kept the Liberal Party alive through thick and thin. "It is astonishing to remember all the things he did, all the things he was - wit, raconteur, politician, chef, advertiser of dog food, writer, comedian, a devoted father, husband and grandfather and someone who could never resist a flutter. "They don't make people like that anymore and he will be sorely missed by millions," he added. more on Clement Have just read that Clement has recorded another couple of JAMs just two weeks ago. So we haven't quite heard the last of him. I'd say one of the two shows will be turned into a tribute to him. JAM costars pay tribute to Sir Clement This from the BBC Today programme Comedian and writer Tony Hawks, who worked with Sir Clement, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "Through his great intellect he would always bring out the best in you, because you sometimes would think 'Who's doing the show?' and when you knew it was Clement, you thought 'Oh, I'd better be on tip-top form'." Fellow Just A Minute star Stephen Fry paid tribute to a "charming and wonderful man". He told Today: "I got to know him because I was lucky enough to do a couple of Just A Minutes and I became immensely fond of him. "I was at first very afraid of him - a lot of people were. There were stories that he was immensely grouchy, he was rude sometimes to people who asked for autographs. I never experienced that side of him at all. "And another element to him which perhaps should not go unmentioned is his raffishness, if you like, his air of disreputability. "He, during the 1950s and 1960s, was a real Soho figure, he knew all the girls of easy virtue, he knew the pimps, he knew the racetrack tipsters and, of course, the restaurateurs, which is where he learnt his business as a chef. "His fund of stories about that time was simply remarkable, and he lived a sort of life on the edge. His brother Lucian is known as the more bohemian, I suppose, as an artist but Clement had that quality too." Asked what Sir Clement was like to perform with, Fry added: "He was immensely good company and he enjoyed, I think, particularly meeting new young comedians. "Just A Minute, of course, takes on new talent and he became very fond of that new generation, led by Paul Merton, who I suppose now is old guard. "But I think after the sad, earlyish deaths of Kenneth Williams and Peter Jones he was left sort of marooned as the last of their generation but he really enjoyed the young clustering about him." Nicholas Parsons penned this piece in the Guardian Clement was in the original pilot of our Radio 4 game show Just A Minute, and was a regular participant right up to a few weeks ago. The next series of this show, which is now in its 41st year, will not seem the same without his witty interjections. Clement was clever in whatever he did. It was this cleverness which he displayed in whatever work or challenge he undertook - be it journalism or running the Royal Court Theatre Club - that ensured that he always came out on top. In fact, it was only in Just A Minute that he did not always finish as the winner. In all other areas his natural competitive spirit asserted itself. He enjoyed accepting a challenge and, having done so, assessed what was involved and applied his talent and very shrewd mind to be sure he was the winner. A fine example was the Daily Mail transatlantic race to commemorate the achievements of the flying pioneers Alcock and Brown. The race was to be from the top of the Post Office Tower in London to the top of the Empire State Building in New York. Clement's meticulous planning ensured once again he was the winner. It was this attention to detail and brilliant planning that ensured that when he accepted the challenge of standing for parliament as a Liberal candidate in 1973 he overturned a huge Conservative majority and won against all the odds. I went down to Ely and spoke for him, as did other friends, and was able to observe at first hand how he charmed people - and outmanoeuvred his opponent. Clement was loved by those who knew him, admired by everyone, even those who did not enjoy his company. He was a devoted husband, a loving father and a man who achieved success in more areas than anyone I have ever known. He will be missed: there was no one to whom you could compare him, and we will probably never see his like again. posted by Dean \| 8:37 pm \| 3 comments My thoughts - the great Clement I'm deeply sad right now - but perhaps that's the right time to write something about what Clement meant to JAM. The facts first - 41 and a half years - 543 radio editions, four TV editions, 230 wins. He appeared in the first show back in December 1967 and appeared in every subsequent season. At 84 he has had a long life - half of it as a JAM panellist! But apart from the sadness of Clement passing, it's also the passing of the last "Beatle", the last member of the gang of four. It's the end of an era in a very real sense. He is already being pegged in obits as the competitve one. I saw him a few years ago on a doco saying how much he liked the competitive side of the show and competing with people like Paul Merton and Graham Norton. And it's true. He clearly had a feeling for playing the game correctly and jumped on any breach of the rules, and any ruling that offended his sense of how the game should be played. But he was also very witty. I noticed that he always tried to say something interesting or amusing. If another contestant had just two seconds to go, they'd more than likely just repeat the subject to fill in the time. Not Clement - too easy. He'd think up something clever to fill even that small bit of time. Yes he was competitive - but he knew the game was an entertainment too. He had such a great relationship with Kenneth Williams and Paul Merton. He sat beside them, put up with their attempts to put him off, but clearly admired them and was prepared to act as a sort of staright man for them. He had great comic timing. And he thought up some of the show's best lines. "The interesting thing about Virgin Records is that they have no holes in them" is one of those lines that always always raises a smile. I also like "giving up smoking, drinking and sex doesn't mean you will have a longer life, it just seems longer". Even his recent line in response to the subject "why I enjoy Just A Minute: - "Actually I've always preferred I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue" pronounced in that deadpan way - comedy magic. We'll miss Clement on JAM. A lot. He leaves Nicholas at 85 very much on his own as the old guard. But we have about 270 hours of Clement's wit, challenges and lugubriosity to listen to. My sincere condolences to his family. Sir Clement Freud dies at 84 Sir Clement Freud, the writer, broadcaster and former MP, has died aged 84. He died on Wednesday at his desk at home in London, a statement from his family said. He was best known for his deadpan performances on Just A Minute, BBC Radio 4's comedy panel programme, and for appearing alongside a bloodhound in a television advertisement for dog food. Sir Clement was the grandson of Sigmund Freud and the brother of Lucian Freud, the artist. He was the father of five children including Matthew Freud, the PR executive, and Emma Freud, the broadcaster, and a grandfather of 17. Born in Berlin in 1924, Sir Clement arrived in Britain with his family as Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany in 1934. After working as an aide to Field Marshal Montgomery during the Second World War, he worked as a chef at the Dorchester Hotel before going on to run his own restaurant in Sloane Square. He married June Flewett - later Jill Freud - who is said to have been the inspiration for the character of Lucy Pevensie in C.S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia, in 1950. He went on to run a nightclub, in which he met a newspaper editor who gave him a job as a sports journalist. From there he became an award-winning food and drink writer. Sir Clement became a well-known television personality when he appeared in a series of advertisements for Minced Morsels, a brand of dog food, alongside a bloodhound called Henry. He appeared in the first episode of Just A Minute in 1967 and returned to take part in every subsequent series. He became the Liberal MP for the Isle of Ely in 1973 and remained in the post until 1988. He received a knighthood on his departure from Parliament. In 2002, he was elected Rector of St Andrews University, holding the position for one term. Tony Hawks, a comedian and regular on Just A Minute, paid tribute to his colleague, describing him as a "formidable" character. "You always knew he would be a challenging performer," Hawks told BBC Breakfast. "Through his great intellect he'd always bring out the best in you." His funeral is to be held next week. I'll post more tributes as I see them, but I'll try not to repeat pieces that just give the same details. posted by Dean \| 6:59 pm \| 1 comments Sad news Sir Clement Freud has passed away - more soon but for the moment, I know I'm terribly sad, my thoughts with his family who must be devestated.	i don't know
Who sang the theme for the James Bond film ‘Thunderball’?	Thunderball Theme Song - James Bond - YouTube Thunderball Theme Song - James Bond Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Oct 13, 2012 The theme tune to 007, Thunderball, performed by Tom Jones. For entertainment purposes only, I do not claim ownership or rights of this production. Copyright is held by its respective owners. Category	Tom Jones
According to Coleridge, where did Kubla Khan decree his pleasure dome?	You Only Sing 23 Times: The James Bond Theme Song Dossier \| Tor.com You Only Sing 23 Times: The James Bond Theme Song Dossier Ryan Britt Mon Nov 12, 2012 6:00pm 16 comments Bombastic, kitsch, or catchy, there’s something unique about a James Bond theme song. There are a few timeless classics, but most either represent a weird moment in the zeitgeist, or are downright embarassing. Uniquely, James Bond theme songs are often better than the films they kick off, though the reverse can occasionally be true, too. Now that Skyfall is out and we’ve all had a chance to enjoy Adele’s new theme song , it’s time to determine once and for all which 007 tunes are better than their respective films, which ones are worse, and which ones fit just right. Shake up a martini, and grab your headphones. The James Bond Theme Song Dossier is declassified! “Dr. No” (The James Bond Theme) written by Monty Norman. Performed by The John Barry Orchestra (1962) Though the Eric Rogers song “Under the Mango Tree” features heavily in this film (Bond even sings a few bars) the actual theme song for Dr. No is simply the slick famous instrumental James Bond theme, complete with horns and guitar. Every single real James Bond movie (the Peter Sellers Casino Royale and Connery’s Never Say Never Again don’t count) uses some arrangement of this theme. Does it fit with the movie? Well, really, how could it not? Dr. No is a solid and entertaining James Bond film, but by no means the best. So, in this sense its theme song is better than the movie. It’s also possible that “The James Bond Theme” is better than all the James Bond movies combined. Verdict: Theme song is better. “From Russia With Love” written by Lionel Bart, performed by Matt Monro + “007” written by John Barry and performed by the The John Barry Orchestra (1963) I love this one. Several months ago I was waiting for a train on a New York City subway platform and a man was playing an instrumental version of this on a trumpet, which is awesome because the opening sequence of the film is also an instrumental version. (People singing at the start of James Bond movies doesn’t happen until Goldfinger.) This is one of those great classic crooner songs that just gets stuck in your head and makes you feel all dizzy and romantic. Like many James Bond themes, it’s actually more tender than the characters in the movie. From Russia With Love is up there with my favorite Connery movies, and this theme song does generally fit with the film. However, I think it could have easily been a memorable movie even if it had a different theme song. But, the real cool one here is the introduction of the instrumental adventure theme “007.” This orchestral drum pounding romp is basically a chase scene in the form of strings, percussion, and brass. I love love love this. It’s more heroic than “The James Bond Theme,” and when it’s used in subsequent movies, I get chills. I’m really not sure why contemporary Bond composer David Arnold never brought it back for Dalton, Brosnan, or Craig-era films. Easily a better piece of music than the film where it originated. Verdict: “From Russia With Love” is probably as just as good as From Russia With Love. Meanwhile “007” beats them all and is perfect. “Goldfinger” written by John Barry, Anthony Newley, and Leslie Bricusse. Performed by Shirley Bassey (1964) Arguably, this is the best of all James Bond theme songs, introducing what is also arguably the best James Bond movie. Like other early films, the song also incorporates part of “The James Bond Theme” into its arrangement, making the instrumental motifs of the song throughout the movie super-nuanced. There’s no getting around how great the movie is or how great this song still sounds. It’s sexy, flashy and memorable. This is also the first time of three times Shirley Bassey is singing for Bond! If I was backed against a wall by a man with a lethal hat and forced to pick between the song and the movie, I’d probably pick the song, by a very small margin. Verdict: Theme song is better, but only just barely. “Thunderball” written by John Barry and Don Black, performed by Tom Jones + “Mr. Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang” written by John Barry and Leslie Bricusse, performed by Dionne Warwick. (1965) This one is full of all sorts of weird history. The original theme for this movie was supposed to be “Mr. Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang” but was changed at the last minute to “Thunderball.” Johnny Cash also sent these guys a song called “Thunderball” which ended up not being used. Finally, Tom Jones apparently fainted after singing the last note of “Thunderball!” Weird. After “Goldfinger” we got another Bond theme song seemingly about the bad guy, rather than about Bond. Or is it about Bond? Tom Jones is fairly cool in this one, but there’s something about Thunderball the movie and the song that aren’t quite up to par for me. (Maybe it’s because they couldn’t make their minds up.) There’s a great underwater scuba-brawl which uses “007” again, but this is definitely one where the movie is slightly better than the song. Tom Jones is right for a James Bond song, but fails to be as memorable as some of the other big artists. “Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang” shows up on some Bond music compilation and is a little too tinny and silly for my tastes. James Bond movies sometimes have two legitimate theme songs, but I really don’t think “Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang” should count. Verdict: The movie &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;i&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Thunderball&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/i&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; is slightly better than the song &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;ldquo;Thunderball.&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;rdquo; Verdict: Thunderball and “Thunderball” are both decent, with the movie being slightly better. “Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang” is really hard to accept as being real. “You Only Live Twice” written by John Barry and Leslie Bricusse, performed by Nancy Sinatra (1967) Like many of the early Bond songs, the arrangements of the melodies are a natural fit for the film’s score. I think the opening strings in this one are totally over-the-top cheesy-wonderful. The world seems to agree with me, since covers and samples of this song are everywhere! From Bjork to Coldplay to Robbie Williams to Cee-Lo, those opening strings are part of the human musical brain. This one is a personal favorite and despite the various incarnations, I think Nancy Sinatra hits it out of the park. There’s also a stellar foot-chase sequence in where an aerial camera angle is accompanied by the orchestral version of the theme. Great movie moment. For me “You Only Live Twice” is a kooky and fun Bond movie, with a fitting saccharine theme song. But because of its deserved ubiquity, I think the song is winning. Verdict: Theme song is better! (Related viewing: the video for Robbie Williams “Millenium”which is is a full-on Connery and Moore era James Bond homage. Aston Martin! Voodoo guy! Gambling! Jet pack!) “On Her Majesty’s Secret Service” Written by John Barry, performed by theJohn Barry Orchestra + “We Have All the Time in the World” Written by John Barry, performed by Louis Armstrong (1969) Oh no! The Connery era is pratically over! When Bond was rebooted with new actor George Lazenby, the opening titles were, again only instrumental. “On Her Majesty’s Secret Service” is an awesome piece of music and so iconic that it was even sampled in the trailer for The Incredibles. The film itself is a little on the not very good side, though aspects are interesting. The song is certainly winning over the movie with this one. However, the other theme song for “On Her Majesty’s Secret Service” is the Louie Armstrong “We Have All the Time in the World,” a love song about James Bond and Tracy, I guess. The title is also the last thing Bond says to the audience while he’s holding Tracy’s dead body in his arms. Seriously, this movie is such a downer; it almost makes me love it for being so weird. Almost. “We Have All the Time in the World” is sweet enough, but not something I ever listen to when I’m in the mood for Bond OR Louie Armstrong. Verdict: Theme song—“On Her Majesty’s Secret Service” is way better than the movie On Her Majesty’s Secret Service. Although “We Have All the Time in the World” is worse than On Her Majesty’s Secret Service. “Diamonds Are Forever” Written Don Black, performed by Shirley Bassey, (1971) With Connery returning to the role of Bond, it makes sense to play it safe and go with Shirley Bassey for the song, since she previously did the best Bond song ever with “Goldfinger.” Notably, this is the only time a performer was used again (Bassey recorded three in all) to do a Bond opening theme. However, it’s less than stellar. “Diamonds Are Forever” is slow, uninteresting and has creepy themes. Sort of like the movie! This is one everyone should skip. Hearing this song always reminds me of how bored Connery looked in this movie. The song and the movie certainly need each other, but they’re both just the worst. Then-Bond producer Harry Saltzman also hated the song. Verdict: Both are terrible. “Live And Let Die” written and performed by Paul McCartney and Wings (1973) The first Bond film to feature Roger Moore was also the first to not have John Barry composing the music. This time, Beatles producer George Martin was in charge, making ex-Beatles Paul McCartney a natural choice for the theme song. I’ve always loved how Bond is talking smack about The Beatles in Goldfinger but less than 10 years later; a Beatle produces the best James Bond song since the song “Goldfinger.” As a big Beatles fan, this is never a Paul McCartney solo song I ever listen to, mostly just because it’s been a bit over-played. But I loved it as a kid. It’s great, it seems like a Bond movie, it’s really different from 60’s era stuff and the orchestral arrangements of it in the film are thrilling. Is it better than the movie it occupies? You bet. Live and Let Die is a disaster of movie. Sometimes racist, other times inappropriately slapsticky. This one is really hard to watch, even if Roger Moore’s 70’s suits look great and the alligator sequence rocks. The song will live on way beyond anyone’s knowledge of the film. Just don’t listen to that Gun N’ Roses version. Verdict: ”Live and Let Die“ is way better than Live and Let Die. “The Man With the Golden Gun” Written by John Barry and Don Black, performed by Lulu (1974) Oh the 70s. I’m so confused by you. Why were there groups singers like Lulu in the 70s? Why did she do this song? Just how much does it suck? Almost as much as the oddly creepy movie? There’s a school of thought which claims James Bond was ruined over the years by too much self-parody in the writing of the scripts. The same might very well be true of the theme songs; with “The Man With the Golden Gun” being a big culprit. Full of sex/killing innuendos, this earworm is definitely one to skip. The movie is slightly better than its theme song, but only because Christopher Lee is in it and he has three nipples. Verdict: Movie is barely better. “Nobody Does It Better” Written by Marvin Hamlisch and Carole Bayer Sager, performed by Carly Simon (from The Spy Who Loved Me, 1977) I know this is going to be hard for everyone to believe but this is easily one of my favorite songs of all time, and my secret favorite among the good James Bond theme songs. Carly Simon’s famous love letter to Bond has been covered by pretty much everyone, but the Aimee Mann version is easily the best and possibly better than the original. Of the various Bond songs which are corny love songs, this is the best. The movie isn’t bad either! Bond meets his match with agent XXX (not Vin Diesel), drives an underwater car, and shoots a dude while skiing. What more do want? It’s too bad the song is so memorable, because it would almost be a tie. But, really, this song could have gone with any Moore-era Bond movie. Verdict: Song is better. “Moonraker” written by John Barry and Hal David. Performed Shirley Bassey (1979) Not sure what they were thinking here. I suppose after a love song worked as the opening theme for The Spy Who Loved Me, the producers figured bringing back the singer of “Goldfinger” (again) was money in the bank. It’s so weird that both of these Shirley Bassey songs after “Goldfinger” are big old clunkers. She’s got a gorgeous voice and in theory this should work, but it’s just weird. Why is this corny love song at the beginning of a movie about Bond flying space ships and shooting lasers? Is this a dream? Obviously because of the aforementioned lasers and the return of Jaws, the movie Moonraker is way better than the song “Moonraker.” Verdict: Movie is better. “For Your Eyes Only” by written by Bill Conti and Michael Leeson, performed by Sheena Easton (1981) I am a huge James Bond fan, but I’m not sure I can tell you what happens in this movie. Part of me is convinced it’s not actually anything more than a series of Bond clichés strung together. Here’s the snow scene! Look, here’s Bond in the casino! Now he’s underwater! I also recall Roger Moore wearing a windbreaker and looking like someone’s lame dad throughout. The theme song however is kind of sweet and is the only Bond opening sequence to actually feature the singer singing to you! The first time a character sings the theme song in a Bond movie is “Live And Let Die” but of course the person singing isn’t Paul McCartney. The only time a singer of the theme song is also a character in a Bond movie is when Madonna appears in Die Another Day. “For Your Eyes Only” was also nominated for a Golden Globe and an Academy Award. Though I’m not crazy about the corny love-song marathon during the Roger Moore era, this one doesn’t really bug me. Though Blondie was originally going to do a song (bummer!) Sheena Easton is fantastic. There’s no question that this forgettable Bond movie is much worse than its sweet little theme song. Verdict: Song is way better, and actually kind of romantic. “All Time High” (From Octopussy) Written by John Barry and Tim Rice, performed by Rita Coolidge. (1983) Wow. This song is terrible. I remember being mortified by its crappiness even as a teenager. The Roger Moore-era is sort of at its worse in Octopussy. The saxophone outro of this song describes the crappiness of the movie and the song perfectly. Shockingly, Tim Rice wrote the lyrics to this cliché nonsense. I’d like to say Maud Adams saves this movie, but she doesn’t, no more than Tim Rice saves the song. In terms of the song/movie competition, it’s slightly close because they’re both so bad, but I’ll have to give it to the movie, if only for the audacious title. Verdict: Movie is better, I guess? “A View To A Kill” written by John Barry and Duran Duran and peformed by Duran Duran. (1985) Boom! Bond is back! In terms of charts and sales, this is still the most popular James Bond theme song, ever. That’s right, Duran Duran beat Paul McCartney! Apparently it was also Duran Duran’s idea to do a James Bond theme song, after the bassist John Taylor asserted that nobody decent ever does the theme songs. Is the movie any good? Well, it’s got Christopher Walken, Patrick Macnee, AND Grace Jones, so it’s watchable as hell. But, Roger Moore looks terrible in it and the film has a general suckiness to it. Overall, it’s super fun. However, the contest between song and movie is pretty obvious in this one. Verdict: Song is WAY better. “The Living Daylights” written by John Barry and Ah-ha, performed by A-ha (Also “If There Was a Man” by the Pretenders, 1987) After over a decade of Roger Moore as Bond, Timothy Dalton stepped into the role for what was a slightly more serious version of the famous agent. This was the last Bond film scored by John Barry, and featured an upbeat opening track by A-ha. It’s funny how the successful Bond theme songs sometimes would create a trend of other very similar types of songs. After “Nobody Does It Better” became a success, all Bond movies had saccharine love songs. After “A View To A Kill” killed it, the producers seemed to have ordered a pop-replacement in the form of “The Living Daylights.” For being a poor man’s “A View To A Kill,” “The Living Daylights” isn’t all that bad. For novelty reasons only, I sometimes prefer it to “A View To A Kill.” The movie isn’t half bad either. Though, on balance, everything here is just okay. And because the song really is a poor man’s “A View To A Kill,” and the movie has a scene in which Bond rides a cello case like a sled, the movie wins by a small margin. Oddly, this is an instance in a Bond movie where there’s randomly another song sung over the closing credits. It’s called “If There Was a Man” and it’s by The Pretenders. I guess they were trying to make a big deal out of Dalton’s debut by giving him two songs? This one doesn’t have any impact on me at all, and there was a man, but so what? Verdict: The movie is a little better. Though I really irrationally love this song. “License To Kill” written by Narada Michael Walden, Jeffrey Cohen and Walter Afanasieff. Performed by Gladys Knight and “If You Asked Me To” written and performed by Patti LaBelle. (1989) I feel like with this song the Bond franchise is splitting the difference. On the one hand this is a sort of old school love song from the Roger Moore era, but on the other hand it’s kind of got some throwbacks to “Goldfinger.” (It even uses some of the horn line from that one.) I actually quite like this song and I think there’s something slightly more romantic about it than it lets on. Like the previous Bond film, this one also has a second song sung over the end credits; the Patti LaBelle song “If You Asked Me To” which was covered by Celine Dion years later. It’s pretty obvious why Celine took it; it’s a belter of a big epic love song. Totally great. Weird that it’s in this James Bond movie. The movie is sort of just okay. Though I’m always bonkers for the “Bond goes rogue” premise, this one has a lot of third act problems which really bury the movie in a confusing mess filled with semi-trucks and missile launchers. If you have to choose between the two, I think the Gladys Knight music video is sort of genius. Verdict: The song is better and Gladys Knight looks great in a tux. “GoldenEye” written by Bono and the The Edge, performed by Tina Turner (1995) Despite some corny hacker stuff, GoldenEye holds up as being a really great Bond movie and easily remains the best of the four Pierce Brosnan outings. And the theme song is awesome! Written by Bono and The Edge of U2, this one feel like a classic era Bond song, but is somehow new and catchy every time you hear it. The opening title sequence was really hot and the music video with Tina is great. I’m sort of bummed out she’s not in the movie playing some awesome MI6 inventor or something. Not since Mad Max: Beyond Thunderdome has a movie needed Tina Turner more. Further, considering how long Bond had been away, they needed some big guns like Tina. Verdict: The song is better. Come on. It’s Tina Turner. Why did it take them so long to get her to do one of these anyway? “Tomorrow Never Dies” written and performed by Sheryl Crow and “Surrender” written by k.d. lang and David Arnold and perfromed by k.d. lang. (1997) The 1990s are a weird time for James Bond movies, and the choice of Sheryl Crow for this one seems super arbitrary. I actually don’t mind Sheryl Crow at all, but this is not one of her better offerings. I mean that “Steve McQueen” song of hers is better than this. Tomorrow Never Dies the film is also a huge step backwards after GoldenEye and the feeble attempt the song is making to be catchy parallels the feeling you get from the movie: it’s just trying a little too hard. Oddly, there’s again another theme song in this movie which is much better called “Surrender”written with new Bond composer David Arnold and performed by k.d lang. This song is totally awesome, sounds like a Bond theme, and was relagated to end-credtis status by the producers. Bummer! (But here’s a fan-edit with the good k.d. lang song for the opening credits.) Verdict: The movie Tomorrow Never Dies is slightly better than the song “Tomorrow Never Dies” BUT, the k.d lang song “Surrender” is way better than Tomorrow Never Dies and “Tomorrow Never Dies.” “The World is Not Enough” written by David Arnold and Don Black, performed by Garbage. (1999) I really like this one. It’s got something really old-fashioned about it, but it also rocks. I think Garbage is great. (I mean really, who hasn’t jammed out to “I’m Only Happy When it Rains?”) The movie is sort of a mixed bag. It’s pretty hard not to be offended by the presence of Denise Richards, but the rest of the story is actually not bad. I like the way Bond gets screwed over in this one and the way M is in on the action. But, really, you could hear the song and never care about the movie one bit. Apparently David Arnold really wanted this one to sound like a John Barry-era song. It worked and Shirley Manson sounds like she’s time-traveled straight from 1963. Verdict: The song is way, way better than the movie. “Die Another Day” written and perfromed by Madonna (2002) It’s shocking no one thought to get Madonna to do a Bond theme before this one. With Die Another Day the franchise was pulling out all the stops because, at the time, it was the 40th anniversary of the Bond film franchise. In terms of a movie, I think Die Another Day is probably the worst James Bond movie of all time, if only because it’s such a cynical mess. (Though it does have a great pre-title sequence) It’s hard to believe this is the same James Bond from GoldenEye. However, I think Madonna’s theme song is a great techno-dance track and totally belongs in a James Bond movie. It’s rad. This music video in which she fights herself contains probably more James Bond references than the actual movie. It’s also sort of the best anyone could hope for in terms of being entertained by the weird medium of music videos based on songs written for movies. It should feel cynical, but it doesn’t. Verdict: The song is way better. “You Know My Name” (From Casino Royale, 2006) written by David Arnold and Chris Cornell. Performed by Chris Cornell. Initially, I wasn’t crazy about this one mostly because I couldn’t get behind Chris Cornell’s voice. But as I’ve watched Casino Royale several times since, the song has really grown on me. I think it really hits me in an early scene when Bond is driving a fork lift and the awesome orchestra version of the theme sort of blasts through. It’s a great touch. Now, obviously Casino Royale is awesome and a nearly perfect Bond movie. I can’t say enough good things about it. It’s also the most faithful to the novels, which gives it huge points in my book. Verdict: The movie is way better by virtue of being maybe the best James Bond movie ever. “Another Way to Die” (From Quantum of Solace, 2008) written by Jack White. Perfomed by Jack White and Alicia Keyes. Still loving Daniel Craig as Bond even though Quantum of Solace is totally terrible feels weird. What is even happening in this movie? I know D. Craig is supposed to be the dark, brooding Bond, but the complete lack of humor in this movie is shocking. There’s something almost depressing about the movie’s lack of thematic focus. However, the song by Jack White and Alicia Keyes is excellent. Not since Tina Turner, Bono and The Edge have the Bond songs had such talented musicans around. What a waste to use them on this odd duck of a James Bond movie. They’re the only duo in Bond song history thus far! The song is catchy and hot and this music video with them is even cooler than the Madonna ”Die Another Day“ entry. Verdict: The song is way better, if only because Jack White had the good sense to avoid using the word “quantum” in the lyrics. “Skyfall” for Skyfall (2012) Written by Adele and Paul Epworth. Performed by Adele The last time a Bond theme song was actually written and performed by someone from the U.K. was Duran Duran’s A View to a Kill. And though there’s been some quality ones since then, Adele’s “Skyfall” is absolutely beautiful. This one is a kind of crossroads between an old-school “Goldfinger” style theme (insofar as it incorporates the James Bond Theme) and a contemporary song written by a cool contemporary artist. The song is lush and gorgeous and is made all the better by the excellent title sequence. I’d heard “Skyfall” before I saw the film, but the music gave me shivers in the theatre. Adele is also the first woman to feature by herself as a vocalist since Madonna’s Die Another Day. Unlike that one, Adele’s cool song opens up an awesome James Bond movie. Verdict: The movie is really great, and the song is too. Likely they’ll be remembered together. Though, unlike “Live and Let Die” or a “A View to a Kill, “I can’t see myself putting “Skyfall” on the jukebox. Then again, Skyfall the movie isn’t exactly casual viewing. There you have it readers/listeners. The history of James Bond theme songs is long and strange. If there’s one overall pattern I’ve noticed it’s this: when the film’s composer is not writing the theme song, and instead total creative control is left to that artist, the songs tend to be better and more memorable. But, without John Barry, and now David Arnold (who also now scores Sherlock), we certainly wouldn’t know what Bond sounds like in general, meaning their influence can’t be stressed enough. Now, dear readers, tell me which theme songs you loved, which movies you thought were better than their songs and vice versa. Let’s shake things up 007 style! Ryan Britt is a staff writer for Tor.com. If you see him walking around lip-synching to his iPod, the chances of the song being “For Your Eyes Only” are really high.	i don't know
What is the minimum number of smaller cubes required to make a larger cube?	discrete mathematics - Calculate number of small cubes making up large cube given number in outermost layer - Mathematics Stack Exchange Calculate number of small cubes making up large cube given number in outermost layer up vote 5 down vote favorite 3 I have a large cube made up of many smaller cubes. Each face of the cube is identical, and all of the smaller cubes are identical. I need to calculate the number of small cubes that make up the large cube. Just to make it clear, the cube is solid (made up of little cubes all the way through). The only value I have to work this out from is the number of small cubes that make up the outermost layer. This number is $100,614,152$. What is the simplest way to calculate the total number of small cubes making up the large cube? Is this homework? – Jonathan Christensen Dec 6 '12 at 21:32 No, it's for a blog article I am writing – eskimo Dec 6 '12 at 21:34 2 I presume this question is as a matter of Curiosity? :-) – Steven Stadnicki Dec 6 '12 at 21:57 answered Dec 6 '12 at 21:37 user4594 1 Not quite: it would be $(x+1)^3 - (x-1)^3 = 100,614,152$. Edit: the answer has been corrected. – Jonathan Christensen Dec 6 '12 at 21:38 1 up vote 6 down vote Let $x$ be the number of small cubes along each edge of the large cube. Then each face of the large cube contains $x^2$ small cubes. $6x^2$ isn't the total number of cubes around the outside, though, because we're double-counting the cubes along each of the edges, so we need to subtract off $12x$. Then we aren't counting the cubes at the corners (we counted them three times--once in each face--and subtracted them three times), so we need to add back on 8. So we have $$6x^2 -12x + 8 = 100,614,152.$$ Now this is just a simple quadratic. Combine the terms on one side and use the quadratic formula (or Wolfram Alpha ) to find that $x = 4096$. up vote 2 down vote If one big cube is divided into $n$ times smaller cubes, then there are $n^3$ cubes. Taking avay the outer layer, we are left with $(n-2)^3$ cubes. The difference is $$ n^3-(n-2)^3= n^3-(n^3-6n^2+12n-8)=6n^2-12n+8$$ and this shall equal $N=100614152$. Therefore, a good approximation for $n$ is given by $$n=\sqrt {\frac N 6}\approx 4095.0004$$ However, $n=4095$ leads to $6n^2-12n+8=100565018$, not quite your expected result. But with $n=4096$, the result is correct: $6n^2-12n+8=100614152$. Note that trying to compute the solution of $$6n^2-12n+(8- 100614152)$$ would not have been easy due to rounding errors. Rounding errors, pfft. You can do that computation using an exact representation, like cyclotomic numbers – Ben Millwood Dec 6 '12 at 21:43 Secondinng Ben's comment, I'm not sure what rounding errors you're expecting; this isn't an equation with large amounts of cancellation since $b^2\not\approx 4ac$, so just dividing through by 6 to get $n^2-2n-16769024=0$ and then using the standard quadratic formula is fine. You have to take the square root of the eight-digit number 67076100 but that's essentially a trivial matter. – Steven Stadnicki Dec 6 '12 at 23:41 You are right, I didn't even try it and had in min that the other solution might be $\approx0$, while of course it is $\approx -n$. – Hagen von Eitzen Dec 7 '12 at 16:21 up vote 1 down vote Let the size of the small cube be $1 \times 1 \times 1$ and size of the larger cube be $n \times n \times n$. The number of smaller cubes on the outer surface is given by $$\underbrace{2n^2}_{\text{Cover two opposite sides}} + \underbrace{2n(n-2)}_{\text{Cover next pair of opposite sides}} + \underbrace{2(n-2)^2}_{\text{Cover the remaining pair of opposite sides}}$$ answered Dec 6 '12 at 21:40 user17762 the total count of cubes increases as more and more cubes are added around an existing cube. each "level" is defined as completing the addition of an entire layer of concentric cubes that surround the previous level. level 0 is no cubes at all level 1 is ONE cube level 2 surrounds level 1 with 8 more, 9 total cubes in each of 3 planes, total = 27 level 3 surr the 9 in l-2 /w 16 more, total 25 cubes in each of 5 planes, total = 125 level 4 surr the 25 in l-3 /w 24 more, total 49 cubes in each of 7 planes, total = 343 level 5 surr the 49 in l-4 /w 32 more, total 81 cubes in each of 9 planes, total = 729 etc... these numbers, 0, 1, 27, 125, 343, 729 each represent the total count of cubes at any given concentric level. let us call this CC_T_n which stands for the Count of Cubes _ Total _ at level n. i figured out that: CC_T_n = ((n * 2) - 1) ^ 3 we are interested in the count of cubes required to surround a smaller block of cubes; EXACTLY what i'm doin' right here! let us call this CC_OL_n which stands for the Count of Cubes _ Outer Layer _ at level n. if you think about it, this will equal the total count of cubes in any block at level n minus the total count of cubes in the block at level n - 1; why? because, the total count at level n - 1 is the count of blocks that the count at level n must cover! and so, CC_OL_n = CC_T_n - CC_T_n-1, which equals: (((n * 2) - 1) ^ 3) - ((((n - 1) * 2) - 1) ^ 3) working this though the consecutive levels, i got the following results: l-0 CC_T_0 = 0 l-1 CC_T_1 = 1, CC_OL_1 = 1 l-2 CC_T_2 = 27, CC_OL_2 = 26 l-3 CC_T_3 = 125, CC_OL_3 = 98 l-4 CC_T_4 = 343, CC_OL_4 = 218 l-5 CC_T_5 = 729, CC_OL_5 = 386 l-6 CC_T_6 = 1331, CC_OL_6 = 602 l-7 CC_T_7 = 2197, CC_OL_7 = 866 etc... i typed the following string into google: 1,26,98,218,386,602,866 and i found a web site that categorizes various numeric sequences. it had a reference to a guy named Xavier Acloque with a comment "Numbers of cubes needed to completely "cover" another cube." marty wollner thetruth-machine.com	8 (disambiguation)
What is Stephen Fry’s nickname for the researchers/writers on the tv programme ‘Q.I.’?	Quandaries & Queries at Math Central How many diagonals does a cube have? Answered by Harley Weston. 2014-01-15 From Bob: Rick has five cubes. When he arranges them from smallest to largest, the difference between the heights of any two neighbouring cubes is 2 cm. The largest cube is as high as a tower built from the two smallest cubes. How high is a tower built from all five cubes? Answered by Penny Nom. 2013-08-22 From Dan: I am not a mathematician. This seems to me an intuitively simple enough problem that I very much need an answer to from someone who's mathematics are better than mine. Please help. The question is: for a tesseract of side length = 1 what is the distance of the center of each cube from the center of the tesseract ? I think I have calculated the distance of each vertex from the center, and of the center of each edge from the center, but the question above baffles me. (anyone not having a clue what I am talking about can brush up here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesseract ) Thanks in advance - Dan V Answered by Robert Dawson. 2013-04-01 From Shankar: Every vertex of a cube is assigned a number +1 or -1 . Every face has a number that is the product of all the numbers in its corners. Then the 14 numbers are summed up ( all the vertices and faces ). Can the sum be 0? Answered by Chris Fisher. 2012-09-04 From alexis: a cube has one face that is equal to the total surface area of another cube. Find the ratio of their volumes Answered by Penny Nom. 2012-07-07 From jake: a storage tank is in the form of a cube. when it is full of water,the volume of water is 15.625 m cube. if the present depth of water is 1.3m, find the volume of water already used from tank Answered by Penny Nom. 2012-05-13 From Pragun: Three metallic cubes whose edges are in the ratio 3:4:5 are melt to form a single cube whose diagonal is 12*square root of 3. What are lengths of the edges(in cm) of the three cubes Answered by Penny Nom. 2012-01-23 From Gelo: What are the largest volume and total surface area of a cube that may be inscribed inside a sphere whose radius is 5 kilometers. Answered by Walter Whiteley. A pattern is built with cubes. The first item is 1 cube. The second item is a block of 8 cubes. The third item is a block of 27 cubes. If the pattern is continued, how many cubes are needed for the fourth and fifth? Answered by Penny Nom. 2010-11-24 From Ali: hi every one i have a problem with cube they told me to write a program that determine if a point is inside a cube so i need the equation of the cube to do the comparison. in sphere it is easy sqrt((x-xp)+(y-yp)+(z-zp))<=radios if u please could help me Answered by Robert Dawson. 2010-05-22 From Anad: how can we prove a^3 - b^3 is equal to (a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)? Answered by Penny Nom. how to derived the total surface area of a cube and rectangular prism using geoboard?? Answered by Robert Dawson. 2009-02-10 From Rebecca: I need to know the names of solid figures. I have several pictures that I need to answer what type they are. Thanks, Rebecca 3rd grade Answered by Penny Nom. 2008-12-06 From rohan: A CYLINDER IS WITHIN THE CUBE TOUCHING ALL THE VERTICALS FACES . A CONE IS INSIDE THE CYLINDER.IF THEIR HEIGHT ARE SAME WITH SAME BASE ,FIND THE RATIO OF THEIR VOLUMES. Answered by Janice Cotcher. 2008-11-19 From Neji: How do you factor (y-z) (y+z) (y^4+y^2z^2+z^4) and get (y+z)(y^2-yz+z^2) (y-z) (y^2+yz+z^2) as the answer? Answered by Harley Weston. 2008-09-09 From Dave: In an urn, there are 80 objects of two kinds: cubes (C) and balls (B). An object can be either red (R) or green (G). Note that all the four combinations are possible and that the number of cubes is not necessarily equal to the number of balls. Similarly, the number of red objects is not necessarily equal to the number of green objects. Someone tells us that in the urn there are 20 red cubes, 50 balls, and 30 red objects. An object is randomly selected from the urn. (a). What is the probability that a green ball is selected? (b). If we know that a cube has been selected, what is the probability that it's red? (c). If we know that a red object has been selected, what is the probability that it's a cube? Answered by Harley Weston. 2008-08-25 From Mhiko: how many hidden faces of a cubes are there in a 5 cubes in a row? how many hidden faces of a cubes are there in a 10 cubes in a row? how many hidden faces of a cubes are there in a 15 cubes in a row? how many hidden faces of a cubes are there in a 20 cubes in a row? please show me the solution or formula.... Answered by Janice Cotcher. 2008-07-17 From Pete: Is the only way to find a cube root of a really big number guess and check, as i read in other questions, or is there another way without a calculator? Answered by Harley Weston. 2008-07-16 From Steven: A cube is inscribe in a right cone of radius 2 and height 5. What is the volume of the cone? Answered by Victoria West and Harley Weston. 2008-05-24 From cailtlin: hi.. if the surface area of a cube is 384 cm^2, how could i find the length of one edge? thank you Answered by Penny Nom. 2008-05-19 From Xiu: I dont get this question.. Write "the cube of -2y" in exponential form. I know the answer is -(2y)^2 but i really don't understand why. Can you explain how to do this whole problem for me? Answered by Leeanne Boehm. From Tom: (a) By plotting suitable graphs, estimate to one decimal place the cube root of 270. (b) With reference to your answer to part (a), use 8 iterations of a Bisection Search to refine your estimate. Use the nearest whole numbers either side of your estimate from part (a) as starting values. (c) Using either of your starting values from part (b) as first guess, use the Newton-Raphson method to find the true value of the root (to 6 decimal places). Repeat using the other starting value from part (b) and compare the two results. Answered by Harley Weston. Given a Cube's diagonal, how does one find the edge of the cube. Answered by Stephen La Rocque. 2008-01-30 From Amanda: It has been a really long time since I was in Algebra and I can't remember how to factor cubes such as x^3 +81 or subtracting/adding fractions with variables such as [1/(x+h)+2]-[1/x+2]. Please help!!! Answered by Penny Nom. 2008-01-16 From Bill: A student asked me where did the "difference of cubes" and "sum of cubes" come from. I did not have an answer for her. She is very bright and understands how they work but wanted to know where they derived from. Any help you can offer would be great. Thanks Answered by Stephen La Rocque. 2008-01-12 From Sadie: can you help me to find out how to cube a number example (6 cubed / by4) =54 what is cube or how do you cube something Answered by Penny Nom. 2008-01-03 From Justin: I have one cubic yard of liquid that I want to convert to a cylindrical volume with the inside dimensions being 3/4 of an inch. I am trying determine what the height/length would be to set these equal. i.e. What length of hose will I need (with an inside diameter of 3/4") in order to accommodate exactly one cubic yard of liquid? Answered by Penny Nom. 2007-11-27 From Ashutosh: A rectangular block measuring 10 units by 8 units by 6 units is made up of cubes measuring 1 unit on a side. The base of the block is 10 units by 8 units. The outside of the block other than the base is painted red. How many of the unit cubes have exactly one face painted red? Answered by Stephen La Rocque and Penny Nom. 2007-09-21 From Yvonne: The numbers 756 and 72, expressed as products of prime factors, are 756 = 2ï¿½ x 3ï¿½ x 7 and 72 = 2ï¿½ x 3ï¿½ Use these result to find, the smallest integer, x, such that 756x is a perfect cube. Answered by Penny Nom. 2007-09-11 From Justin: What percent of the volume of a cube is occupied by the largest possible sphere centered in that cube? Answered by Stephen la Rocque. 2007-07-30 From Arul: what is the easiest way to find the number which is both a square and a cube? the numbers i know are 64 and 729 which is both a sqr and a cube. i took long time to solve this.. is there any easier way? Answered by Steve La Rocque. 2007-06-23 From Leah: I am having trouble finding the equation for this problem.: What is the volume of a cube with diagonals of length 6 sqrt(3) cm? answer: (BLANK) cm3 Answered by Penny Nom. 2007-04-11 From Bethany: If I am filling a hole in the shape of a cube with 64 cubic yards of dirt, how many feet deep will my hole be. Answered by Stephen La Rocque. 2007-01-31 From Jacqui: How would you find the answer of a cube root backwards. For example: 8000 but backwards. Like, what number made that and how would you do it? Answered by Penny Nom. 2006-12-12 From Liz: What is the volume of the solid remaining if a unit cube has a hole drilled thru one face to the opposite side and the hole that is drilled is a cylinder of unit diameter. Then the cube is rotated and an identical hole is drilled from an untouched face to the opposite side. Then the cube is rotated and an identical hole is drilled between the last two untouched faces. This will result in the cube vertices and the remaining volume of the cube falling into 8 parts. What is the total volume of these 8 parts. How is this volume calculated? Answered by Penny Nom. 2006-11-10 From Leeza: How many dump trucks (I believe the standard bed size is 16'L x 8'W x 4'D) would it take to hold one trillion sugar cubes (which I believe are approximately 2cm in L, W and D)? Answered by Penny Nom. 2006-11-09 From Lukas: Given a cube and a cross diagonal, what is the largest size sphere that fits in the cube and does not touch or intersect the cross diagonal? Answered by Steve La Rocque, Penny Nom and Walter Whiteley. Given the diameter of the sphere 10cm. find the largest cube inscribe in the sphere. Answered by Stephen La Rocque. 2006-05-19 From Maria: I am trying to build a box with an interior of 1.26 cu. feet with all sides equal. Answered by Stephen La Rocque and Penny Nom. 2006-03-10 From Iban: cube cheese is 4cm wide, 4cm long, 4cm high. three faces of the cube meet in the corner covers thin layers of wax. The cheese is then cut two, then cut 64 small cubes, which is the length 1cm. How many of these cubes have no wax of them? Answered by Stephen La Rocque. 2005-10-19 From Damian: A sphere passes through the eight corners of a cube side 10cm. Find the volume of the sphere. Answered by Penny Nom. 2005-03-06 From Brett: A cube has a volume of 64 cubic inches. What is the length of segment AB? Segment AB is a straight line from the top left corner of the cube to the lower right bottom corner Answered by Penny Nom. 2005-01-17 From Jake: I have one for you that's got me stumped. Is it possible to calculate the dimensions of a square if I have the cubic feet? Say I know the package to be 180 cubic feet. Answered by Penny Nom. 2004-12-22 From Andrea: What is the smallest positive interger by which 252 can be multipled so the result is a perfect cubed? Answered by Penny Nom. "a"cubed minus "b"cubed equal (a-b) times ("a"squared plus "ab" plus "b"squared)? I know this is a formula, but why is it true? Answered by Penny. 2004-11-23 From Anthony: You are working with a power saw and wish to cut a wooden cube 3-inches on aside into 27 1-inch cubes. You can do this by making six cuts through the cube keeping the pieces together in the cube shape. Can you reduce the number of necessary cuts by rearranging the pieces after each cut? Answered by Chris Fisher. 2004-10-26 From A parent: How do you solve the problem of finding the cubed root of (17 to the power of 3). Can you show me each step and if you have a visual representation of this it would be very helpful. Also can you show a step by step of finding the cubed root of 27. Visuals help a lot Answered by Penny Nom.	i don't know
For what profession did Mahatma Ghandi train?	Mohandas Gandhi \| Biography Share By Kallie Szczepanski His image is one of the most recognizable in history: the thin, bald, frail-looking man wearing round glasses and a simple white wrap. This is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as the Mahatma ("Great Soul"). His inspirational message of non-violent protest helped to lead India to independence from the British Raj . Gandhi lived a life of simplicity and moral clarity, and his example has inspired protestors and campaigners for human rights and democracy the world over. Gandhi's Early Life: Gandhi's parents were Karmachand Gandhi, the dewan (governor) of the western Indian region of Porbandar, and his fourth wife Putlibai. Mohandas was born in 1869, the youngest of Putlibai's children. Gandhi's father was a competent administrator, adept at mediating between British officials and local subjects. His mother was an extremely devout adherent of Vaishnavism, the worship of Vishnu , and devoted herself to fasting and prayer. She taught Mohandas values such as tolerance and ahimsa, or noninjury to living beings. continue reading below our video Profile of Mohandas Gandhi Mohandas was an indifferent student, and even smoked and ate meat during his rebellious adolescence. Marriage and University: In 1883, the Gandhis arranged a marriage between 13-year-old Mohandas and a 14-year-old girl named Kasturba Makhanji. The young couple's first child died in 1885, but they had four surviving sons by 1900. Mohandas finished middle and high school after the wedding. He wanted to be a doctor, but his parents pushed him into the law. They wanted him to follow in his father's footsteps. Also, their religion forbade vivisection, which is part of medical training. Young Gandhi barely passed the entrance exam for the University of Bombay, and enrolled at Samaldas College in Gujarat, but he was not happy there. Studies in London: In September of 1888, Gandhi moved to England, and began to train as a barrister at University College London. For the first time in his life, the young man applied himself to his studies, working hard on his English and Latin language skills. He also developed a new interest in religion, reading widely on different world faiths. Gandhi joined the London Vegetarian Society, where he found a like-minded peer group of idealists and humanitarians. These contacts helped to shape Gandhi's views on life and politics. He returned to India in 1891 after earning his degree, but could not make a living there as a barrister. Gandhi Goes to South Africa: Disappointed by the lack of opportunity in India, Gandhi accepted an offer for a year-long contract with an Indian law firm in Natal, South Africa in 1893. There, the 24-year-old lawyer experienced first-hand terrible racial discrimination. He was kicked off a train for trying to ride in the first-class carriage (for which he had a ticket), was beaten up for refusing to give his seat on a stagecoach to a European, and had to go to court where he was ordered to remove his turban. Gandhi refused, and thus began a lifetime of resistance work and protest. After his one-year contract ended, he planned to return to India. Gandhi the Organizer: Just as Gandhi was about to leave South Africa, a bill came up in the Natal Legislature to deny Indians the right to vote. He decided to stay and fight against the legislation; despite his petitions, however, it passed. Nonetheless, Gandhi's opposition campaign drew public attention to the Indians' plight in British South Africa. He founded the Natal Indian Congress in 1894, and served as Secretary. Gandhi's organization and petitions to the South African government attracted attention in London and India. When he returned to South Africa from a trip to India in 1897, a white lynch mob attacked him. He later refused to press charges. Boer War and the Registration Act: Gandhi urged Indians to support the British government at the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, and organized an ambulance corps of 1,100 Indian volunteers. He hoped that this proof of loyalty would result in better treatment of Indian South Africans. Although the British won the war, and established peace among white South Africans, still treatment of Indians worsened. Gandhi and his followers were beaten and jailed for opposing the 1906 Registration Act, under which Indian citizens had to register and carry ID cards at all times. In 1914, 21 years after he arrived on a one-year contract, Gandhi left South Africa. Return to India: Gandhi returned to India battle-hardened and vividly aware of British injustices. For the first three years, though, he stayed outside of the political center in India. He even recruited Indian soldiers for the British Army once more, this time to fight in World War I. In 1919, however, he announced a non-violent opposition protest (satyagraha) against the British Raj's anti-sedition Rowlatt Act. Under Rowlatt, the colonial Indian government could arrest suspects without a warrant and jail them without a trial. The Act also curtailed press freedom. Strikes and protests spread across India, growing throughout the spring. Gandhi allied with a younger, politically savvy pro-independence advocate named Jawaharlal Nehru , who went on to become India's first Prime Minister. The leader of the Muslim League, Muhammad Ali Jinnah , opposed their tactics and sought a negotiated independence instead. The Amritsar Massacre and Salt March: On April 13, 1919, British troops under Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer opened fire on an unarmed crowd in the courtyard of Jallianwala Bagh. Between 379 (the British count) and 1,499 (the Indian count) of the 5,000 men, women and children present died in the melee. The Jallianwala Bagh or Amritsar Massacre turned the Indian independence movement into a national cause, and brought Gandhi to national attention. His independence work culminated in the 1930 Salt March , when he led his followers to the sea to illegally make salt, a protest against British salt taxes. Some independence protestors also turned to violence. World War II and the "Quit India" Movement: When World War II broke out in 1939, Britain turned to its colonies, including India, for soldiers. Gandhi was conflicted; he felt very concerned about the rise of fascism around the world, but he also had become a committed pacifist. No doubt, he remembered the lessons of the Boer War and World War I - loyalty to the colonial government during war did not result in better treatment afterwards. In March of 1942, British cabinet minister Sir Stafford Cripps offered the Indians a form of autonomy within the British Empire in exchange for military support. The Cripps offer included a plan to separate the Hindu and Muslim sections of India, which Gandhi found unacceptable. The Indian National Congress party rejected the plan. That summer, Gandhi issued a call for Britain to "Quit India" immediately. The colonial government reacted by arresting all of the Congress leadership, including Gandhi and his wife Kasturba. As anti-colonial protests grew, the Raj government arrested and jailed hundreds of thousands of Indians. Tragically, Kasturba died in February 1944 after 18 months in prison. Gandhi became gravely ill with malaria, so the British released him from prison. The political repercussions would have been explosive, if he had also died while imprisoned. Indian Independence and Partition In 1944, Britain pledged to grant independence to India once the war was over. Gandhi called for the Congress to reject the proposal once more, since it set forth a division of India among Hindu , Muslim, and Sikh states. The Hindu states would become one nation, while the Muslim and Sikh states would be another. When sectarian violence rocked India's cities in 1946, leaving more than 5,000 dead, Congress party members convinced Gandhi that the only options were partition or civil war. He reluctantly agreed, and then went on a hunger strike that single-handedly stopped the violence in Delhi and Calcutta. On August 14, 1947, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was founded. The Republic of India declared its independence the following day. Gandhi's Assassination On January 30, 1948, Mohandas Gandhi was shot dead by a young Hindu radical named Nathuram Godse. The assassin blamed Gandhi for weakening India by insisting on paying reparations to Pakistan. Despite Gandhi's rejection of violence and revenge during his lifetime, Godse and an accomplice were both executed in 1949 for the murder.	The Lawyer
What was the four-word title of Katrina and the Waves’ winning entry in 1997?	Some interesting facts about Mahatma Gandhiji Some interesting facts about Gandhiji He was not born a courageous, outspoken leader. In fact, in his autobiography, he says that, as a boy, he was so shy that he would run home from school because he could not bear to talk to anybody. He was a walking enthusiast. Walking, he said, “is justly called the prince of exercises". He began enjoying long walks in high school, preferring lengthy rambles to organized sports. As a law student in London, he saved money by walking as many as eight to ten miles a day. It was primarily those long walks, he said, that “kept me practically free from illness throughout my stay in England and gave me a fairly strong body". All those years of walking served him well during the Salt March of 1930 when, at the age of 60, he walked 241 miles from his ashram to the sea at Dandi. Once during a train journey a British asked Gandhi to get out of the train as he was considered as a ‘black’. But Gandhi refused as he had the ticket with him. The British and the Railway officer cruelly pushed Gandhi out of the train. This is a sample of Gandhi’s bitter experiences with British. While in England in 1931, Gandhi made his first radio broadcast for the United States. The first thing the people of the United States heard the Mahatma say was, “Do I have to speak into this thing?” Gandhi was basically very helping and concerned about others. Once while he was boarding train one of his shoes slipped and fell on to the track. He instantly removed the other shoe and threw it near the first one. His intention was to help the person who would find the pair and help himself. His life aims were truth, non-violence, spiritualism, religiousness, honesty, discipline, loyalty, aspiration and so on. All these excellent high qualities made him the Mahatma which means a great soul. Gandhi was extremely punctual. One of his very few possessions was a dollar watch. Just before he was assassinated, on January 30, 1948, Gandhi was upset because he was ten minutes late getting to a regular prayer meeting. Time Magazine, the famous U.S. publication, named Mahatma Gandhi the Man of the Year in 1930. He was a lawyer, but what a lawyer! He said, “I realized the true function of a lawyer was to unite parties riven asunder.” Thus, he spent his twenty years in practice “bringing about private compromises of hundreds of cases. I lost nothing thereby—not even money, certainly not my soul.” The year that Gandhi arrived in London to study law was 1888, the same year that Jack the Ripper and his horrific murders dominated the British headlines. Gandhi was funny! One example: When asked by a reporter what he thought of Western civilization, Gandhi replied, “I think it would be a very good idea.” He corresponded regularly with Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy. While in England in 1931, Gandhi made his first radio broadcast for the United States. The first thing the people of the United States heard the Mahatma say was, “Do I have to speak into this thing?”5 The same caisson, or gun carriage, that bore Gandhi’s body during his funeral in 1948 was used in 1997 for Mother Teresa’s funeral. In the Zulu war of 1906, Mahatma Gandhi commanded the stretcher-bearer corps, which comprised of Indian volunteers formed to treat the British soldiers injured in this war. He worked as an editor for several English, Hindi and Gujarati newspapers in India as well as South Africa, including the Harijan, Indian Opinion (South Africa) and the Young India. Mahatma Gandhi's autobiography titled An Autobiography of My Experiments with Truth, which gives a detailed account of his life till 1920, was published in 1927. In 1999, HarperCollins publishers declared it one of the '100 Most Important Spiritual Books of the 20th Century'. Mahatma Gandhi was chosen for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1948, but he was assassinated before it was conferred to him. In response to this, the Nobel Committee decided not to award the Peace Prize for that year. In 1999, Gandhi was declared the runner-up for Time magazine's 'Person of the Century' title (which eventually went to Albert Einstein.) He had a set of false teeth, which he carried in a fold of his loin cloth. He put them in his mouth only when he wanted to eat. After his meal, he took them out, washed them and put them back in his loin cloth again. Mahatma Gandhi spoke English with an Irish accent, for one of his first teachers was an Irishman. During the freedom struggle, he wore nothing but a loin cloth , but for years he lived in London and used to wear a silk hat and spats and carried a cane. He was educated at London University and became an attorney. But the first time he attempted to make a speech in court, his knees trembled, and he was so frightened that he had to sit down in confusion and defeat. As a lawyer in London, he got nowhere at all. He was practically a failure there. Years before, when he first came to England, his Irish teacher made him copy the Sermon on the Mount, over and over again, purely as an exercise in English. Hour after hour, Gandhi wrote “Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. . . . Blessed are the peacemakers for they shall be called the children of God,” and these words made a profound impression on him. Later, he was sent to South Africa to collect some huge debts; and he tried to apply there the philosophy of the Sermon on the Mount. And it worked. Clients flocked to Gandhi because he settled their claims peacefully out of court and saved them time and expense. His income during those days in South Africa touched fifteen thousand dollars a year! Something still a dream for most Indians ! However, despite this worldly success he was not happy. On seeing the untold misery of millions of his fellow countrymen; on seeing thousand of them dying of starvation; the worldly success seemed cheap and unimportant to him. He gave up all his money and ‘took the vow of poverty, and since that time, he consecrated his life to helping the poor and the downtrodden. On seeing the hopeless condition of one tenth of India which was living in a hungry and half-starved state, Mahatma Gandhi pleaded with them to cease bringing children into a world filled with so much misery and want. Mahatma Gandhi experimented with diets to see how cheaply he could live and remain healthy. He started living principally on fruit and goats’ milk and olive oil. Mahatma Gandhi never visited the US, but he had many American fans and followers. One of his more unusual admirers was Henry Ford. Gandhi sent him an autographed charkha (spinning wheel) through a journalist emissary. During the darkest days of the Second World War, Ford, who was struck by the charkha’s “mechanical simplicity and high moral purpose,” would often spin on “the symbol of economic independence that Gandhi had sent. Mahatma Gandhi inspired millions of people world over to take the path of non-violence and civil disobedience. 5 world leaders who got Noble Peace prize viz. Martin Luther King Jr. (USA), Dalai Lama (Tibet), Aung San SuuKyi (Myanmar), Nelson Mandela (S. Africa) and Adolfo Perez Esquivel (Argentina) have acknowledged the fact that they were influenced by the philosophy of Gandhi. Yet, Mahatma Gandhi; the man who inspired these Nobel Peace Prize winners, never got a Noble Prize ! We think it is a loss for the Noble - the prize; not for Gandhi - the man who is above all prizes. Gandhiji loved his Mother tongue Gujarati very much. He wrote his autobiography, in Gujarati. His personal assistant ShriMahadev Desai had translated it into English. He condemned the procedure of untouchablility and rejected the theory of downtrodden in the name of ‘thazhthappattavargal’. He said, ‘untouchability is a crime against humanity’. To make them proud, he called them ‘Harijans’. He hates photographers and taking photos. But the fact is, at that time, he was the only person hugely photographed. He hated cinema. He doesn’t think, cinema is a medium to propagate his ideals. But in his last years, he fervently used Radio. Gandhiji thought, postal cards are cheap and simple communication mode. Jesus the Christ was crucified on Friday. Gandhiji was born on Friday. India got its independence on Friday. Gandhiji was assassinated on Friday. Once in 1915, Gandhiji went to Santiniketan and wished Rabindranath Tagore as, ‘NamestheGurudev’. Immediately Rabindranath replied, ‘If I am Gurudev you are Mahatma,’ Then, the prefix of ‘Mahatma’ used before the name of Gandhiji. He never travelled in Plane. Although he had many powers, he lived very simply. Throughout his life he followed simplicity. The first person in the world who produced a documentary on Gandhiji was A.K.Chettiar, a Tamilian, who was also an ardent devotee of Gandhiji. He had visited Japan and known the techniques of cinema producing by spending his own expenditure and toured many places in South Africa and India for this cause and had obtained many exclusive video and added that in his documentary. Before 1921, the father of our Nation Gandhiji used to wear a good and full dress. In his Tamil Nadu tour in Madurai, he saw many people wearing single length dhoti as their full dress. After seeing the poor plight of Indians, he avoided rich or European dresses and used to wear single length dhoti. His simple attire and hand charka were treated as his identities. Gandhiji had not celebrated India’s first independence day of 1947, August 15. He didn’t sent greetings also. And more he was on fast to condemn the communal riots and the partition of country into India and Pakistan. Gandhiji very much worried about two things. One is for his bad hand writing and other was massaging. He liked massaging his body by other. When Gandhiji was assassinated on January 30 1948, the Sri Lankan radio didn’t broadcast programme for 24 hrs. For our independence Gandhiji, was kept in jail for 6 years and 5 months. NethajiSubash Chandra bose used to call Gandhiji as ‘Desapitha’ (Father of our nation). The third national holiday of India is Gandhiji’s birth day which falls on October 2. The other two days are, Republic day and Independence day. He used to stitch the shred clothes by himself. And he was interested to wear neatly washed cloths. The United Nations announced October 2 as the day of internati-onal day of Ahimsa. Gandhiji was a great Sudeshi all the way through his life, but his first postal stamp was printed in Switzerland. Till 1925 the first and last abroad printing of stamps was that only. The service stamp issued to the value of Rs.10 is the too little in number, which was printed only 100 copies. We can see in all Indian currencies, Gandhiji’s facial image being printed. The Smiling Gandhiji is very popular among the countrymen. Many of us think that image is a drawn picture. But, in fact it was a photo shot and picturised in 1946 by an unknown photographer. The original photo is displayed here. In the original photo Gandhiji smiles to some person nearby. That hollow smile picture had been developed into a mirror image and then the same has been imaged in the Indian Rupee currencies.	i don't know
Flight-lieutenant Jerry Rawlings ruled which African country from 1981-2001?	Jerry Rawlings (Fighter Pilot) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Jerry Rawlings Fighter Pilot and Former Politician Male Born Jun 22, 1947 Jerry John Rawlings is a former leader of the Republic of Ghana and the current African Union envoy to Somalia. Rawlings ruled Ghana as a military Leader in 1979 and from 1981 to 1992, and then as the first elected president of the Fourth Republic from 1993 to 2001.… Read More related links Growing Democracy: Lessons From Ghana Huffington Post - Oct 30, 2013 'Co-authored by Katie Smith Milway, writer on sustainable development. Ghana\'s road to democracy has been paved by investments in pro-business policies and access to microcredit, which has helped to build a generation of business owners and broaden the middle class. \nAt a time when several African nations (Egypt, Libya and Tunisia, to name three) are struggling in the transition from dictatorship to democracy, they have much to learn by looking south to another African neighbor, Ghana. ... Leaders Mourn Death Of Ghana's Bastion Of Democracy Huffington Post - Aug 10, 2012 '\n ACCRA, Ghana â World leaders joined thousands of Ghanaians on Friday for the funeral of President John Atta Mills, who came to symbolize Ghana\'s maturing democracy in a region long plagued by coups and disputed votes. \n\n Atta Mills, 68, came to power in 2009 after winning the closest election in the country\'s history. The peaceful transition of leadership after that vote was lauded as was the swift and orderly inauguration of the country\'s vice president last month following ... Dotsonville Community News August 29th, 2011 Clarksville Leaf Chronicle Google News - Aug 29, 2011 'Ed (Rawhide) Rawlings is served the first banana split by his wife Aline at the annual Dotsonville Community ice cream social, while <mark>Jerry Rawlings</mark> look on. / Jenni Comley Combining the annual back-to-school ice cream party with a yard sale Saturday' African Leaders Hold Delayed Fundraiser For Famine Voice Of America (Blog) Google News - Aug 25, 2011 'Former Ghanaian president <mark>Jerry Rawlings</mark>, who is the AU envoy to Somalia, is also present. As many as a dozen African leaders were expected for a meeting that was initially scheduled for early August. It was postponed due to what officials said were ... - -' Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Jerry Rawlings. CHILDHOOD 1947 Birth Jerry John Rawlings was born in Accra, Gold Coast, on 22 June 1947, to Victoria Agbotui (born 9 September 1919 in Dzelukope near Keta in what is now the Volta Region of Ghana), and James Ramsey John, a chemist from the United Kingdom, born in Castle Douglas, Scotland, in 1907. … Read More Rawlings attended Achimota School.<br /><br /> Rawlings is married to Nana Konadu Agyeman. He has three daughters: Ezanetor Rawlings, Yaa Asantewaa Rawlings, Amina Rawlings; and one son, Kimathi Rawlings. Read Less TWENTIES 1968 21 Years Old In March, 1968, he was posted to Takoradi in the Western Region to continue his studies. 1969 22 Years Old He graduated in January 1969, and was commissioned a Pilot Officer, winning the coveted "Speed Bird Trophy" as the best cadet in flying the Su-7 ground attack supersonic jet aircraft. … Read More He earned the rank of Flight Lieutenant (Flt. Lt.) in April 1978. During his service with the Ghanaian Air Force, Rawlings perceived a deterioration of discipline and morale, reflecting the corruption of the Supreme Military Council (SMC) at that time. As promotion brought him into contact with the privileged classes and their social values, his view of the injustices in society hardened. He was thus regarded with some unease by the SMC. He read widely and discussed social and political ideas with a growing circle of like-minded friends and colleagues. Read Less THIRTIES Show Less In May 1979, Rawlings, together with six other soldiers were arrested, by the Ghanaian Military for a mutiny labelled as a coup attempt (because the military were in power at the time) on the government of General Fred Akuffo, and Rawlings appeared before a General Court Martial, charged with leading a squad of soldiers on 15 May 1979. While awaiting his execution, Rawlings was sprung from custody on 4 June 1979 by a group of soldiers. … Read More He led the insurgent that ousted the Supreme Military Council from office with Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC). On the night of 4 June, lives were lost in both the forces fighting against the military government and those fighting on the side of the insurgency. As one of his first acts in power, Rawlings signed the orders for the execution of a former military president of Ghana who was later executed: Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, and Air Vice-Marshal Yaw Boakye. Four other generalsâKotei, Joy Amedume, Roger Felli, and Utukaâwere also put to death. Rawlings has never denied responsibility for this.<br /><br /> The Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC), under the Military Marshal of Rawlings, carried out, what Rawlings described as a much wider "house-cleaning exercise". Meanwhile, following a programme already set in motion before the 4 June insurgency. On 24 September 1979, the AFRC military allowed the governing of the People's National Party (PNP) under Hilla Limann. Read Less 1981 34 Years Old Limann's administration was cut short on 31 December 1981, when Rawlings deposed him in another coup. … Read More The Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC), composed of both civilian and soldiers, was established with Rawlings as the Chairman. The PNDC, led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings began the process of what Rawlings said to be a decentralisation.<br /><br /> Immediately following the overthrow of the Gen. Akufo government, Rawlings and his men embarked on what was termed "house-cleaning". They immediately tried and executed General Akufo, Gen. I. K.Acheampong, and Gen. Afrifa, all former heads of state, who had participated in earlier treasonable coups against former Presidents like Nkrumah. Air Vice Marshal Yaw Boakye, General Utuka, Amedume, Feli and Kotei were also executed for their roles in undermining the image of the military through corrupt acts.<br /><br /> The killings of the Supreme Court justices (Cecilia Koranteng Addo, Frederick Sarkodie, and Kwadjo Agyei Agyepong), military officers Major Sam Acquah and Major Dasana Nantogmah and the killings and disappearance of over 300 other Ghanaians occurred at this time in Ghana's history. Read Less FORTIES Show Less He was re-elected in 1996 for a further four years. … Read More He currently serves as the African Union envoy to Somalia.<br /><br /> Rawlings attempted a coup d'Ã©tat on 15 May 1979, leading a group of military personnel in a coup attempt on General Fred Akuffo which resulted in him being arrested, imprisoned and facing a death sentence. However, a speech he gave during his trial resonated with a large section of the public that rose up in his defence. Consequently, on 4 June, soldiers sympathetic to his motivations broke him out of jail, and he led a revolt of both the military and civilians which overthrew General Akuffo and the Supreme Military Council, effectively leaving him in charge. Rawlings and the soldiers around him formed the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) and conducted what it termed "a housecleaning exercise", whose aim was to purge Ghanaian society of all the corruption and social injustices that they perceived to be at the root of their coup d'Ã©tat. Read Less … The AFRC organized an election and it was won by Hilla Limann of the People's National Party (PNP). On 31 December 1981 Rawlings and together with some soldiers and civilians took advantage of new year festivities organized by Limann and overthrew the Limann government, citing economic mismanagement. Rawlings then installed the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) with himself as the Chairman. <br /><br />In 1992, Rawlings retired from the military and set up the National Democratic Congress (NDC). He legalized political parties and organized Presidential and Parliamentary elections, in response to demands for a more democratic process concerning the governing of the country. Rawlings and his party won with 58.3 percent of the vote, with outside observers declaring the voting to be "free and fair". Read Less In 1996, Rawlings went on to win a second term as President. FIFTIES	Ghana
Who was King of Scotland from 1040-1057?	The Jerry Rawlings story - YouTube The Jerry Rawlings story Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 30, 2015 Jerry J. Rawlings, in full Jerry John Rawlings (born June 22, 1947, Accra, Ghana), military and political leader in Ghana who twice (1979, 1981) overthrew the government and seized power. His second period of rule (1981–2001) afforded Ghana political stability and competent economic management. Rawlings was the son of a Scottish father and a Ghanaian mother. He was educated at Achimoto College and the military academy at Teshie. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Ghanaian air force in 1969 and became a flight lieutenant and expert pilot, skilled in aerobatics. In June 1979 Rawlings and other junior officers led a successful military coup with the purported aim of purging the military and public life of widespread corruption. He and his Armed Forces Revolutionary Council ruled for 112 days, during which time the former heads of state, Gen. Ignatius Kutu Acheampong and Lieut. Gen. Frederick W.K. Akuffo, were tried and executed. Rawlings then yielded power to a freely elected civilian president, Hilla Limann, who promptly retired Rawlings from the air force. 1981, Coup of [Credit: Stock footage courtesy The WPA Film Library]Rawlings continued to be a popular figure, however, and on Dec. 31, 1981, after two years of weak civilian rule during which Ghana’s economy continued to deteriorate, Rawlings overthrew Limann’s government, accusing it of leading the nation “down to total economic ruin.” Rawlings established a Provisional National Defense Council as the new government and imprisoned Limann and some 200 other politicians. “Peoples’ Defense Committees” were set up in neighbourhoods, as were workers’ councils to monitor production in factories. When the failure of these and other populist measures had become clear by 1983, Rawlings reversed course and adopted conservative economic policies, including dropping subsidies and price controls in order to reduce inflation, privatizing many state-owned companies, and devaluing the currency in order to stimulate exports. These free-market measures sharply revived Ghana’s economy, which by the early 1990s had one of the highest growth rates in Africa. In 1992, in the first presidential elections held in Ghana since 1979, Rawlings was chosen as president. He was reelected in 1996 and stepped down from the presidency in early 2001. Category	i don't know
Who wrote the 1924 adventure novel ‘Beau Geste’?	Beau Geste B Beau Geste Beau Geste is a 1924 adventure novel by P. C. Wren. It has been adapted for the screen several times. Plot summary Michael "Beau" Geste is the protagonist, the main narrator (among others) is by contrast his small brother John, the three Geste brothers of Brandon Abbas are used as a metaphor for the British upper class values of that time gone by, and "the decent thing to do" is in fact the leitmotif of the novel. The Geste brothers are orphans and have been brought up by their aunt, the rest of Beau's band are his cousins Isobel and Claudia and Lady Patricia's relative Augustus. When a precious jewel known as the "Blue Water" goes missing, suspicion falls on the young people, and Beau leaves Britain to join the French Foreign Legion followed by his brothers, Digby (his twin) and John. There, after some adventure and the separation from Digby, the sadistic Sergeant Lejaune gets the command of the little garrison at Fort Zinderneuf in the French African Colony and only the attack by Tuaregs prevents a mutiny and mass desertion. Through all the book and adventures Beau's behaviour is true to France and the Legion and he dies at his post. At Brandon Abbas, the last survivor of the three brothers, John is welcomed by their aunt and his fiancée Isobel and the reason for the jewel theft is revealed to have been a matter of honour, and the only "decent thing" possible. Title The phrase "beau geste" is from the French, meaning "a gracious (or fine) gesture". In French, the phrase includes the suggestion of a fine gesture with unwelcome or futile consequences, and also an allusion to the chanson de geste , a literary poem celebrating the legendary deeds of a hero. Sequels P.C. Wren elaborated the plot in the sequels Beau Sabreur (The story of Henry de Beaujolais and the brothers Maria and Otis Vanbrugh) and Beau Ideal (Otis Vanbrugh and The Angel of Death). Good Gestes is a collection of short tales (about half of them about the Geste brothers and their American friends Hank and Buddy... the later feature prominently in Beau Sabreur and Beau Ideal). The so-called "trilogy" comes full circle in Spanish Maine (UK) or The Desert Heritage (USA), where loose ends are tied up and the tale comes round full circle. Analysis The original novel, on which the various films are more or less loosely based, provides a detailed and fairly authentic description of life in the pre-1914 Foreign Legion, which has led to (unproven) suggestions that P. C. Wren himself served with the legion. Adaptations Beau Geste (1926), starring Ronald Colman, William Powell, Noah Beery Beau Geste (1939), with Gary Cooper , Ray Milland, Robert Preston Beau Geste (1966), with Guy Stockwell, Doug McClure, Telly Savalas Omnibus: The British Hero (1973 BBC TV documentary/selected dramatised scenes) with Christopher Cazenove Beau Geste (1982 BBC mini-series) Although minor plot points separate the film versions, all of them share a common element of a stolen gem which one of the Geste brothers, Michael "Beau" Geste, is thought to have stolen from his adoptive family. He subsequently runs away to join the Foreign Legion. In some adaptations, more than one of the Geste brothers and his childhood friend Joe McCarthy join him or go to find him. Beau Geste was also adapted for the stage in 1929 by British theatrical producer Basil Dean. The production featured Laurence Olivier in the lead role. The play ran for just five weeks. Parodies The Goon Show episode "Under Two Floorboards (A Story of the Legion)" (1955) Follow that Camel (1967) A Carry on film. The Generation Game (around 1975) did a parody of Beau Geste, may have been the first to use the names Beau Peep and Beau Nidle. The Last Remake of Beau Geste (1977), starring Marty Feldman, Ann-Margret and Michael York Soul Music (1994), by Terry Pratchett. The Death of the Discworld uses the name Beau Nidle and has him join the Klatchian Foreign Legion, a parody of the French Foreign Legion. In the early 1980s, Beau Geste was a recurring story arc in Charles Schulz's comic strip Peanuts , during which Snoopy was a leader of a squad of Legionnaires (usually played by birds, Snoopy's "Beagle Scouts") and Ft. Zinderneuf was Snoopy's doghouse. The comic strip Crock claims to be "the greatest and longest-running parody" of Beau Geste , although it bears little similarity to the original novel. A popular comic strip entitled Beau Peep has featured in British newspapers and separate anthologies since 1977. This version has the most similarities to the original novel, although it has a distinctive identity in its own right and a large fan base. Beau Hunks 1931, a 1931 movie starring Laurel and Hardy. (Wikipedia)	P. C. Wren
What is the name of Pip’s brother-in-law in ‘Great Expectations’?	P. C. Wren: BEAU GESTE: The Mystery of the "Blue Water" & Major Henri de Beaujolais' Story (Adventure Classic) - als eBook kostenlos bei readfy! iOS Über das eBook This carefully crafted ebook: "BEAU GESTE: The Mystery of the "Blue Water" & Major Henri de Beaujolais' Story (Adventure Classic)" is formatted for your eReader with a functional and detailed table of contents. Michael "Beau" Geste is the protagonist. The main narrator (among others), by contrast, is his younger brother John. The three Geste brothers are a metaphor for the British upper class values of a time gone by, and "the decent thing to do" is, in fact, the leitmotif of the novel. The Geste brothers are orphans and have been brought up by their aunt at Brandon Abbas. When a precious jewel known as the "Blue Water" goes missing, suspicion falls on the young people, and Beau leaves Britain to join the French Foreign Legion, followed by his brothers, Digby (his twin) and John. There, after some adventure and separation from Digby, the sadistic Sergeant Major Lejaune gets command of the little garrison at Fort Zinderneuf in French North Africa, and only an attack by Tuaregs prevents a mutiny and mass desertion. Percival Christopher Wren (1875-1941) was an English writer, mostly of adventure fiction. He is remembered best for Beau Geste, a much-filmed book of 1924, involving the French Foreign Legion in North Africa. This was one of 33 novels and short story collections that he wrote, mostly dealing with colonial soldiering in Africa. While his fictional accounts of life in the pre-1914 Foreign Legion are highly romanticized, his details of Legion uniforms, training, equipment and barrack room layout are generally accurate, which has led to unproven suggestions that Wren himself served with the legion. Diese eBooks könnten Ihnen auch gefallen	i don't know
Who has been praised for his portrayal of the gay Barton Scully in ‘Masters of Sex’?	Masters of Sex - Barton Scully Played by Beau Bridges \| SHOWTIME Masters of Sex Played by Beau Bridges Barton Scully The Provost of Washington University is William Masters' longtime friend and mentor. He is also harboring a painful, long-held secret that has had tragic consequences in his decades-long marriage. The Provost of Washington University is William Masters' longtime friend and mentor. He is also harboring a painful, long-held secret that has had tragic consequences in his decades-long marriage. Beau Bridges BEAU BRIDGES is an award-winning actor who has portrayed a myriad of characters during a successful career spanning more than six decades. Most recently, Beau can be seen guest starring for his third season on the SHOWTIME� critically acclaimed drama MASTERS OF SEX, which will return for its fourth season this fall. He can also be seen guest starring in the second season of Netflix�s hit thriller BLOODLINE alongside Kyle Chandler, Linda Cardellini and Sissy Spacek and has also recently voiced the character of Sheriff Scaley Briggs on the DISNEY animated series PENN ZERO: PART-TIME HERO. In the past few years, he concluded his work as a regular on the CBS comedy THE MILLERS, as well as on the musical comedy hit HOW TO SUCCEED IN BUSINESS WITHOUT REALLY TRYING, which he starred in on Broadway. He also appeared recently in Alexander Payne�s Golden Globe� winning and Academy Award� nominated film THE DESCENDANTS. With his daughter Emily, Beau adapted Richard Boleslavsky�s 1933 novel ACTING: THE FIRST SIX LESSONS. The play was recently published by Samuel French and performed by Beau and Emily at Theatre West in Los Angeles, receiving rave reviews. Bridges won a Grammy� Award for his shared narration of Al Gore�s AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH. In 2008, Brides lent his voice for a very special documentary entitled OPERATION HOMECOMING: WRITING THE WARTIME EXPERIENCE, which received a 2008 Academy Award� nomination for �Best Documentary Feature.� He has been nominated 15 times for an Emmy�. Beau received a Best Supporting Actor Emmy� Award for his work in HBO�s THE SECOND CIVIL WAR. He won another Emmy� Award and a Golden Globe� Award for his supporting role opposite Holly Hunter in the HBO project THE POSITIVELY TRUE ADVENTURES OF THE ALLEGED TEXAS CHEERLEADER-MURDERING MOM. Bridges starred in the critically acclaimed HBO film WITHOUT WARNING: THE JAMES BRADY STORY, for which he scored a trifecta; taking home all three of the Best Actor Awards, the Emmy�, the Golden Globe�, and the Cable Ace�. Beau has appeared in a number of highly acclaimed films including, THE LANDLORD, THE OTHER SIDE OF THE MOUNTAIN, NORMA RAE, HEART LIKE A WHEEL, THE HOTEL NEW HAMPSHIRE, SORDID LIVES, and JERRY MAGUIRE. He was honored by the National Society of Film Critics when he was named �Best Supporting Actor� for his role opposite his brother Jeff in THE FABULOUS BAKER BOYS. He starred with his father, Lloyd, and his son, Dylan, in SANDKINGS, the two hour film that kicked off the long running SHOWTIME� series THE OUTER LIMITS. For his performance, Bridges received an Emmy� nomination for Best Actor. Bridges has also directed films. In 1994, he directed his father, Lloyd, and his son, Jordan, in a movie-of-the-week titled SECRET SINS OF THE FATHER. He also directed Jordan and his father in THE THANKSGIVING PROMISE, at the time the highest-rated Disney television film ever broadcast. His after-school special DON'T TOUCH was nominated for an Emmy�. Beau serves on the board of The Wishtoyo Foundation; a non-profit organization that utilizes traditional Chumash values and is dedicated to promoting environmental awareness and enforcement of laws protecting the health and environment of our communities. He also serves on the board of internationally acclaimed Theatre West; the oldest continually running theater in Los Angeles. Bridges has five adult children; Casey, Jordan, Dylan, Emily, and Zeke. He resides in the Los Angeles area with his wife Wendy. Related Videos	Beau Bridges
What two letters can be added to the end of ‘loch’ to make a term for a small, inland lake?	Must-See LGBT TV: '2017 Miss America Competition' includes first out contestant http://www.glaad.org/blog/must-see-lgbt-tv-2017-miss-america-competition-includes-first-out-contestant <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-0-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="3600" height="2400" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2016-09/MastersofSex_401_0311.R.jpg?itok=VSzHWnh7" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured-attrib field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Photo Credit: Showtime</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Grab the remote, set your DVR or queue up your streaming service of choice! GLAAD is bringing you the highlights in LGBT on TV this week. Check back every Sunday for up-to-date coverage in LGBT-inclusive programming on TV.</p> <p>Tonight's <em>2017 Miss America Competition</em> will include the pageants first out contestant, Miss Missouri Erin O'Flaherty. O'Flaherty says she is "excited to represent the LGBT community" and her platform – an advocacy initiative each contestant must adopt – will be suicide prevention. She has previously worked with The Trevor Project. <strong>The 2017 Miss America Competition: Sunday, 9pm on ABC.</strong></p> <p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/U_r90jChA_A" width="560"></iframe></p> <p><em><img height="220" width="165" style="width: 165px; height: 220px; float: right;" class="media-element file-file-styles-medium" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/images/2016-09/MastersOfSex_309_0391.R.jpg?itok=Erfe5LZd" alt="" />Masters of Sex</em> returns this week and the new season will continue to explore Helen and Betty's relationship as they finally have the child they've longed for. This season will cover 1968 and into the early 70s. M<strong>asters of Sex: Sunday, 10pm on Showtime.</strong></p> <p>Sunday September 11: <em><a href="https://www.starz.com/series/power/episodes" target="_blank">Power</a></em> (8pm, Starz); <em><a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/miss-america">Miss America</a> </em>(9pm, ABC); <em><a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwje2LmE3fHOAhVL_mMKHZgnCNoQFggoMAM&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amc.com%2Fshows%2Ffear-the-walking-dead&usg=AFQjCNGs_XSHbkUZWczMaEa0Oj04UvE5pQ&sig2=zGahmewc1L-CxLfA0MRpvA&bvm=bv.131783435,d.cGc" target="_blank">Fear the Walking Dead</a></em> (9pm, AMC); <em><a href="https://www.google.com/aclk?sa=l&ai=DChcSEwjt1rSZyrzOAhUPkn4KHV9wDAoYABAA&sig=AOD64_1mjH2I5n7eyEh6q0TYpZfrcqjWPA&q=&ved=0ahUKEwi83rCZyrzOAhVH22MKHU15Ao0Q0QwIHA&adurl=" target="_blank">The Last Ship</a></em> (9pm, TNT); <em><a href="http://www.sho.com/masters-of-sex">Masters of Sex</a></em> (10pm, Showtime); <em><a href="http://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/the-strain/episodes" target="_blank">The Strain</a></em> (10pm, FX)</p> <p>Monday: <em><a href="http://www.mtv.com/shows/mary-and-jane" target="_blank">Mary + Jane</a></em> (10pm, MTV);<em> <a href="http://www.tntdrama.com/shows/major-crimes.html?sr=tnt%20major%20crimes" target="_blank">Major Crimes</a></em> <em>(10pm, TNT)</em></p> <p>Tuesday:<em> <a href="http://www.oxygen.com/sisterhood-of-hip-hop?sky=ps_cm_goo_sohh" target="_blank">Sisterhood of Hip Hop</a> </em>(9pm, Oxygen)</p> <p>Wednesday: <em><a href="http://www.eonline.com/shows/hollywood_medium">Hollywood Medium</a></em> (8pm, E!); <em><a href="http://www.usanetwork.com/mrrobot" target="_blank">Mr. Robot</a> </em>(10pm, USA); <em><a href="https://www.viceland.com/en_us/show/gaycation" target="_blank">Gaycation</a></em> (10:30pm, Viceland)</p> <p>Thursday: <a href="http://www.logotv.com/shows/finding-prince-charming"><em>Finding Prince Charming</em></a> (9pm, Logo)</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">September 11, 2016</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/erin-oflaherty">Erin O'Flaherty</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a></li> </ul> </div> Sun, 11 Sep 2016 20:13:58 +0000 megantownsend 88855 at http://www.glaad.org http://www.glaad.org/blog/must-see-lgbt-tv-2017-miss-america-competition-includes-first-out-contestant#comments Must-See LGBT TV 7/12-18: 'I Am Jazz' series premiere; Neil Patrick Harris on 'America's Got Talent;' 'Masters of Sex' season premiere and more http://www.glaad.org/blog/must-see-lgbt-tv-712-18-i-am-jazz-series-premiere-neil-patrick-harris-americas-got-talent <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-1-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="1024" height="797" id="1" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2015-07/24th%2BAnnual%2BGLAAD%2BMedia%2BAwards%2BPresented%2BKetel%2BhcQYEivNoDhx.jpg?itok=XjuKQ3_B" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Grab the remote, set your DVR or queue up your streaming service of choice! GLAAD is bringing you the highlights in LGBT on TV this week. Check back every Sunday for up-to-date coverage in LGBT-inclusive programming on TV.</p><p><em>Masters of Sex</em> returns for a third season on Sunday night. As Masters and Johnson get ready to face the press as they work to publish their study, we look a year back to Libby trying to pull herself out of a deep depression, Bill finishing work on their book, and Virginia dealing with new parenting struggles. Sarah Silverman will return as Helen as she and Betty (Annaleigh Ashford) deal with the challenges of trying to have a baby as a lesbian couple in 1966. <strong><em>Masters of Sex</em>: Sunday, 10pm on Showtime.</strong></p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/n2CiEyPVvDU" width="560"></iframe></p><p>Neil Patrick Harris will appear as a guest judge on Tuesday's all new episode of <em>America's Got Talent</em>. In this episode, the auditioning talent have one last chance to wow the judges before decisions are made. <strong><em>America's Got Talent</em>: Tuesday, 8pm on NBC.</strong></p><p>The new docuseries<em> I Am Jazz</em> premieres on TLC this Wednesday! The series focuses on transgender teen advocate, Jazz Jennings. From an early age, Jazz wanted to be seen as the girl she knew she was, and <em>I Am Jazz</em> follows her and her family as Jazz enters adolescence and begins navigating teenage life as she prepares for high school.<em> </em><strong><em>I Am Jazz</em>: Wednesday, 10pm on TLC.</strong></p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VhskP4MQ0Sc" width="560"></iframe></p><p><strong>Sunday July 12: </strong><em><a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/big_brother/" target="_blank">Big Brother </a></em>(8pm, CBS);<em> </em><a href="http://www.tntdrama.com/shows/the-last-ship.html" target="_blank"><em>The Last Ship </em></a>(9pm, TNT); <em><a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home">Masters of Sex </a></em>(10pm, Showtime)</p><p><strong>Monday: </strong><em><a href="http://abcfamily.go.com/shows/the-fosters" target="_blank">The Fosters </a></em>(8pm, ABC Family); <em><a href="http://www.fox.com/so-you-think-you-can-dance">So You Think You Can Dance</a></em> (8pm, FOX); <a href="http://abcfamily.go.com/shows/chasing-life" target="_blank"><em>Chasing Life</em></a> (9pm, ABC Family); <em><a href="http://www.tntdrama.com/shows/major-crimes.html" target="_blank">Major Crimes </a></em>(9pm, TNT); <a href="http://www.mtv.com/shows/teen_wolf/" target="_blank"><em>Teen Wolf </em></a>(10pm, MTV); <em><a href="http://becomingus.tv/" target="_blank">Becoming Us</a> </em>(10pm, ABC Family)</p><p><strong>Tuesday:</strong> <a href="http://abcfamily.go.com/shows/pretty-little-liars"><em>Pretty Little Liars</em></a> (8pm, ABC Family); <a href="http://www.usanetwork.com/wwetoughenough" target="_blank"><em>Tough Enough</em> </a>(8pm, USA);<em><a href="http://www.nbc.com/americas-got-talent"><strong> </strong>America's Got Talent </a></em>(8pm, NBC); <a href="http://www.oxygen.com/sisterhood-of-hip-hop?sky=ps_cm_goo_SisterhoodOfHipHop_Brand" target="_blank"><em>Sisterhood of Hip Hop </em></a>(9pm, OWN); <a href="http://www.tbs.com/shows/clipped.html" target="_blank"><em>Clipped </em></a>(10pm, TBS);<em> <a href="http://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/tyrant/episodes" target="_blank">Tyrant </a></em>(10pm, FX); <a href="http://www.mtv.com/shows/scream/" target="_blank"><em>Scream</em> </a>(10pm, MTV); <a href="http://www.nbc.com/hollywood-game-night" target="_blank"><em>Hollywood Game Night</em></a> (10pm, NBC)</p><p><strong>Wednesday:</strong> <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/big_brother/" target="_blank"><em>Big Brother</em></a> (8pm, CBS); <a href="http://www.usanetwork.com/mrrobot" target="_blank"><em>Mr. Robot</em></a> (10pm, USA); <em><a href="http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/i-am-jazz/">I Am Jazz </a></em>(10pm, TLC)</p><p><strong>Thursday:</strong><em> <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/big_brother/" target="_blank">Big Brother</a> </em>(8pm, CBS); <a href="http://www.usanetwork.com/complications" target="_blank"><em>Complications </em></a>(9pm, USA);<a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/under-the-dome/" target="_blank"><em> Under the Dome </em></a>(10pm, CBS);<em> <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/rookie-blue" target="_blank">Rookie Blue</a> </em>(10pm, ABC); <a href="http://www.usanetwork.com/graceland" target="_blank"><em>Graceland</em></a> (10pm, USA); <em><a href="http://www.nbc.com/hannibal" target="_blank">Hannibal </a></em>(10pm, NBC)</p><p><strong>Friday:</strong><a href="http://www.syfy.com/defiance/videos/defiance-season-3-coming-june-12" target="_blank"><em><strong> </strong>Defiance </em></a>(8pm, Syfy); <a href="http://www.syfy.com/killjoys"><em>Killjoys</em></a> (9pm, Syfy)</p><p><strong>Saturday:<em> </em></strong><a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the-millers/" target="_blank"><em>The Millers </em></a>(8, 8:30pm, CBS)</p><p>On daytime, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1), <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/the-view" target="_blank">The View </a>(ABC) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_bold_and_the_beautiful/?ftag=AAMd5fdb72&vndid=google$null$null$bold%20and%20the%20beautiful&ef_id=UtWZMgAAAbByexa1:20150508191249:s" target="_blank">The Bold and the Beautiful </a>on CBS, and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings) all feature out characters.</p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">July 12, 2015</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/neil-patrick-harris">Neil Patrick Harris</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/i-am-jazz">I Am Jazz</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a></li> </ul> </div> Tue, 07 Jul 2015 19:00:13 +0000 megantownsend The GLAAD Wrap: 'Legend' gets a trailer; 'Transparent' renewed; Tove Lo releases new music video http://www.glaad.org/blog/glaad-wrap-legend-gets-trailer-transparent-renewed-tove-lo-releases-new-music-video <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-2-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="1920" height="1080" id="2" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2015-06/130307_EC_Jose%20Antonio%20Vargas%20photo.JPG?itok=XX3YPx_r" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Every week, The GLAAD Wrap brings you LGBT-related entertainment news highlights, fresh stuff to watch out for, and fun diversions to help you kick off the weekend.</p><p><img alt="" class="media-element file-file-styles-medium" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2279409%22,%22view_mode%22:%22file_styles_medium%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22file_styles_medium%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="220" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/images/2015-06/xemphimso_Park_Chan-Wook.jpg?itok=HzMpTrh8" style="float: right;" width="184" />1) Chan-wook Park, the acclaimed South Korean director of films such as <em>Stoker</em> and <em>Snowpiercer,</em> <a href="http://www.aintitcool.com/node/72047" target="_blank">has begun production on his next film, <em>Fingersmith</em>.</a> The film will be a Korean reinterpretation of Sarah Waters' Victorian era novel of the same name that focuses on a lesbian love story. Park's film will take place in Korea and Japan during the 1930s when Korea was occupied by Japan. South Korean actresses Kim Min-hee, and Kim Tae-ri will star in the adaptation, along with actor Ha Jung-woo who will play the male lead. The film will begin screening in 2016.</p><p>2) A <a href="https://www.yahoo.com/movies/watch-a-double-shot-of-tom-hardy-as-gangster-twins-122426727177.html" target="_blank">new trailer for the upcoming film, <em>Legend,</em> has been released.</a> Tom Hardy will play twin brothers Reginald Kray and (openly bisexual) Ronald Kray in the upcoming film that follows the lives of the infamous London gangsters in the 1950s and 1960s. The twins became famous for their notorious crimes and for hanging out with stars such as Judy Garland and Frank Sinatra at their popular nightclub. Check out the brand new trailer for <em>Legend</em> below.</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="true" allowtransparency="true" frameborder="0" height="360" mozallowfullscreen="true" scrolling="no" src="https://movies.yahoo.com/video/legend-trailer-155000818.html?format=embed" webkitallowfullscreen="true" width="560"></iframe></p><p>3) MTV is set to air <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/mtv-air-white-people-documentary-803298" target="_blank">the documentary <em>White People</em></a> from Pulitzer Prize-winning gay journalist Jose Antonio Vargas. The documentary will follow the lives of five young white people from various backgrounds as they discuss race, whiteness, and racial identity in America. <em>White People </em>will also show other young people's conversations on race in schools and community centers. This documentary is part of MTV's <em>Look Different</em> campaign that aims to showcase biases based on gender, race, and sexual orientation. Another part of the campaign is the <a href="http://www.lookdifferent.org/what-can-i-do/challenge" target="_blank">"Look Different Creator Competition"</a> which invites new filmmakers to create videos presenting new views on privilege in today's society. <em>White People</em> premieres on July 22 at 8 p.m. on MTV and will be available to view on MTV.com, the MTV App, and MTV's Facebook and YouTube channel. Check out the documentary's trailer below.</p><p><iframe frameborder="0" height="300" src="http://media.mtvnservices.com/embed/mgid:uma:video:mtv.com:1212881/cp~vid%3D1212881%26uri%3Dmgid%3Auma%3Avideo%3Amtv.com%3A1212881" width="500"></iframe></p><p><img alt="" class="media-element file-file-styles-medium" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2279422%22,%22view_mode%22:%22file_styles_medium%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22file_styles_medium%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="137" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/images/2015-06/transparent_3049782b_1.jpg?itok=QB52WfHC" style="float: right;" width="220" />4) Amazon's breakout hit, <a href="http://deadline.com/2015/06/transparent-renewed-season-3-amazon-jill-soloway-overall-deal-1201455444/" target="_blank"><em>Transparent, </em>has just been renewed for a third season before the second season even premieres!</a> The comedy series follows the story of a trans woman named Maura (Jeffery Tambor) as she deals with both coming out late in her life and her somewhat dysfunctional family. Along with this great news, series creator Jill Soloway has signed a deal with Amazon Studios to develop more television projects for Amazon Prime.</p><p>5) Showtime has just confirmed that <a href="http://deadline.com/2015/06/sarah-silverman-return-masters-of-sex-showtime-michael-sheen-1201453086/" target="_blank">Sarah Silverman will return for season 3 of <em>Masters of Sex</em></a> in her role as Helen. Helen's story in season 3 will begin with her and Betty (Annaleigh Ashford) dealing with the challenge of trying to have a baby as a lesbian couple in 1966. The third season of <em>Masters of Sex</em> will premiere at 10pm on Showtime on July 12. Check out the trailer for the third season below.</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/n2CiEyPVvDU" width="560"></iframe></p><p><img alt="" class="media-element file-file-styles-medium" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2279418%22,%22view_mode%22:%22file_styles_medium%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22file_styles_medium%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="167" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/images/2015-06/jussie-smollett-underground11_0.jpg?itok=v2tKmC6x" style="float: right;" width="220" />6) Out actor and star of the television show <em>Empire</em>, <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/empire-star-jussie-smollett-heads-804805" target="_blank">Jussie Smollett, will reunite with his sister Jurnee Smollett-Bell on the upcoming WGN drama, <em>Underground</em>.</a> The actor will guest star on <em>Underground,</em> which is a period piece that follows the lives of a group of slaves as they attempt a dangerous escape from a Georgia plantation. Smollett will play Josey, a runaway who trusts no one. <em>Underground</em> is set to premiere in 2016 on WGN America.</p><p><em><img alt="" class="media-element file-file-styles-medium" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2279421%22,%22view_mode%22:%22file_styles_medium%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22file_styles_medium%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="147" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/images/2015-06/russell-tovey.jpg?itok=BBQiBnMH" style="float: right;" width="220" />7) </em>Out <em>Looking</em> star <a href="http://www.ew.com/article/2015/06/19/lookings-russell-tovey-joins-night-manager?hootPostID=6469bf6dcfd92ee75a478a470ba0b330" target="_blank">Russell Tovey has joined the cast of AMC's upcoming miniseries <em>The Night Manager</em>.</a> Tovey will act alongside Hugh Laurie and Tom Hiddleston in the adaptation of the John le Carré novel of the same name. The story follows former British soldier Jonathan Pine, who is recruited to infiltrate the inner circle of a lethal arms dealer. The miniseries is set for broadcast in 2016.</p><p>8) Tove Lo has released the video for her track, "Timebomb" which features various couples, including two same-sex couples that are dealing with the emotional rollercoaster of their own relationships. The track is part of Tove Lo's debut album <em>Queen of the Clouds. </em>Check out the music video below.</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BLEVRNV4CVQ" width="560"></iframe></p><p>9) The American acapella group Pentatonix has just released a new video titled the "Evolution of Michael Jackson." The group covers 25 different Michael Jackson songs spanning his entire career in the video. Some of the covers include <em>ABC</em>, <em>Thriller</em>, and <em>Man in the Mirror. </em>Pentatonix is heading on tour with Kelly Clarkson this summer. Check out the music video below.</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NJmFrLkc4Y8" width="560"></iframe></p><p>10) The LGBT thriller <em>Brides to Be </em>is looking for funding to help cover costs for post-production and distribution. <em>Brides to Be </em>tells the story of Jenna and Robin on the eve of their wedding as Jenna goes on a journey of self-discovery, while Robin becomes a victim of the supernatural. The story is not only about the power of love, but contains an allegory for the way hate and fear infects the lives of those in the LGBT community. The film comes from the creators of the short films, <em>Practical Things </em>and <em>Together Forever, </em>which have garnered over 1.5 million views on YouTube. Learn more at the <a href="http://www.seedandspark.com/studio/brides-be" target="_blank"><em>Brides to Be</em> Seed & Spark page</a> and check out the trailer for the film below.</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/y9pxKmD1srI" width="560"></iframe></p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">June 26, 2015</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/entertainment">Entertainment</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/issues/music">Music</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/film">Film</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/issues/television">Television</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/legend">Legend</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/fingersmith">Fingersmith</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/mtv">MTV</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/transparent">TransParent</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/tove-lo">Tove Lo</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/russel-tovey">Russel Tovey</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/pentatonix">Pentatonix</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/brides-be">Brides to Be</a></li> </ul> </div> Thu, 25 Jun 2015 21:29:38 +0000 ecameron Showtime stars join #spiritday on social media http://www.glaad.org/blog/showtime-stars-join-spiritday-social-media <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-3-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="2000" height="713" id="3" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-10/2000px-Showtime.svg_.png?itok=YJMapRO_" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>The stars of hit Showtime series like <em>Penny Dreadful</em>, <em>Nurse Jackie</em>, <em>House of Lies</em>, and <em>Masters of Sex</em> have been taking part in Spirit Day over social media today, sending messages of support. Check out the tweets of out actor Stephen Wallem, Michael Sheen, Don Cheadle, and many other below.</p><p></p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><p>Wearing purple & taking a stand against bullying for <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/spiritday?src=hash">#spiritday</a>... <a href="http://t.co/mT7zo1TK3n">pic.twitter.com/mT7zo1TK3n</a></p>— Stephen Wallem (@stephenwallem) <a href="https://twitter.com/stephenwallem/status/522836499386347520">October 16, 2014</a></blockquote> <script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><p>Stand against bullying! Wear purple and make your profile pic purple for <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/spiritday?src=hash">#spiritday</a> 10/16 at <a href="http://t.co/phJ3XCGdck">http://t.co/phJ3XCGdck</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/LGBT?src=hash">#LGBT</a></p>— michael sheen (@michaelsheen) <a href="https://twitter.com/michaelsheen/status/522800765027368960">October 16, 2014</a></blockquote> <script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><p>Join me in taking a stand against bullying & help support LGBT Youth. Wear Purple on with me on 10/16! <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SpiritDay?src=hash">#SpiritDay</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/HouseOfLies?src=hash">#HouseOfLies</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/glaad">@GLAAD</a> Boom!</p>— Don Cheadle (@IamDonCheadle) <a href="https://twitter.com/IamDonCheadle/status/522589115758301184">October 16, 2014</a></blockquote> <script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><p>Take a stand against Bullying. Help support LGBT Youth. Wear Purple on 10/16 with me! <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SpiritDay?src=hash">#SpiritDay</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Shameless?src=hash">#Shameless</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/glaad">@glaad</a></p>— Shanola Hampton (@shanolahampton) <a href="https://twitter.com/shanolahampton/status/522232952919306241">October 15, 2014</a></blockquote> <script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><p>Growing up is hard to do... Join me in taking a stand against Bullying. Bust out your Purple in support of <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SpiritDay?src=hash">#SpiritDay</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/PennyDreadful?src=hash">#PennyDreadful</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/glaad">@GLAAD</a></p>— Reeve Carney (@reevecarney) <a href="https://twitter.com/reevecarney/status/522831307823665152">October 16, 2014</a></blockquote> <script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><p>Take a stand against Bullying & help support LGBT Youth. Wear Purple on today! <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SpiritDay?src=hash">#SpiritDay</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/MastersOfSex?src=hash">#MastersOfSex</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/glaad">@GLAAD</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/kinkyboots?src=hash">#kinkyboots</a></p>— Annaleigh Ashford (@TheAAshford) <a href="https://twitter.com/TheAAshford/status/522843486274740224">October 16, 2014</a></blockquote> <script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><p>I'm wearing purple for <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SpiritDay?src=hash">#SpiritDay</a>. Join me and take a stand against bullying. <a href="http://t.co/PaXXyGYBhj">pic.twitter.com/PaXXyGYBhj</a></p>— Hank Azaria (@HankAzaria) <a href="https://twitter.com/HankAzaria/status/522778182064566272">October 16, 2014</a></blockquote> <script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><p>Join me in taking a stand against Bullying & help support LGBT Youth. Wear Purple today with me on <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/SpiritDay?src=hash">#SpiritDay</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/RayDonovan?src=hash">#RayDonovan</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/glaad">@glaad</a></p>— Dash Mihok (@DizMihok) <a href="https://twitter.com/DizMihok/status/522828067253665792">October 16, 2014</a></blockquote> <script async="" src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script><p>Spirit Day, which takes place today, October 16, inspires millions to wear purple or "go purple" online in a united stand against bullying and to show their support for LGBT youth. Each year, Spirit Day draws the participation of <a href="http://www.glaad.org/spiritday/entertainers">celebrities</a>, <a href="http://www.glaad.org/spiritday/corporate">corporations</a>, <a href="http://www.glaad.org/spiritday/media">media outlets</a>, <a href="http://www.glaad.org/spiritday/sports">sports leagues</a>, <a href="http://www.glaad.org/spiritday/schools">schools</a>, <a href="http://www.glaad.org/spiritday/faith">faith institutions</a>, <a href="http://www.glaad.org/spiritday/landmarks">national landmarks</a>, and individuals. Spirit Day is made possible by the generous support of its national partners PepsiCo and Wells Fargo, as well as official partners Comcast-NBCUniversal and Google, and supporting partner American Eagle Outfitters.</p><p>You can go purple <strong>now</strong> by putting on purple, posting about #spiritday, and sharing your favorite #spiritday posts on social media.</p><p>Check out <a href="http://www.glaad.org/spiritday" target="_blank">glaad.org/spiritday</a> for more about how to stand against anti-LGBT bullying and <a href="https://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">follow @GLAAD on Twitter to keep up to date</a> with #spiritday news!</p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">October 16, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/entertainment">Entertainment</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/issues/television">Television</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/spirit-day">Spirit Day</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/showtime">Showtime</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/nurse-jackie">Nurse Jackie</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/penny-dreadful">Penny Dreadful</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/ray-donovan">Ray Donovan</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/house-lies">House of Lies</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/spirit-day">Spirit Day</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/spiritday">#SpiritDay</a></li> </ul> </div> Thu, 16 Oct 2014 22:10:56 +0000 mattkane What to Watch Weekend 9/26-28: 'Brooklyn Nine-Nine' returns! http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-926-28-brooklyn-nine-nine-returns <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-4-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="2780" height="1924" id="4" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-09/201B99_scn28_005_hires2.jpg?itok=-lb7dCN3" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch the season premieres of <em>The Amazing Race</em>,<em> Brooklyn Nine-Nine</em> and <em>Revenge</em>. Plus all new episodes of <em>Please Like Me</em>, <em>The Good Wife</em>, <em>Witches of East End </em>and <em>Masters of Sex</em>.</p> <p>What to Watch: Friday, September 26</p> <p><img height="500" width="333" style="float: right; width: 200px; height: 300px;" class="media-element file-media-original" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-09/TimTeJay.jpg?itok=fWDLDVPF" alt="" />8:00pm: <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/amazing_race/" target="_blank">The Amazing Race</a>, CBS (1 hr) <em><strong>SEASON PREMIERE</strong></em></p> <p>The new season kicks off with 11 teams in New York City's Times Square as competitors have a chance to win "The Save," which will allow them to save themselves if they later lose a challenge and face elimination. This season's contestants include couple Tim and Te Jay.</p> <p>10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pivot.tv/shows/please-like-me" target="_blank">Please Like Me</a>, Pivot (30 mins) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Claire announces that she is moving back to Germany as Patrick moves out. Meanwhile, Josh gets revenge on Tom by trapping him in his room all day and Arnold tells Josh that he would like to start dating.</p> <p>What to Watch: Sunday, September 28</p> <p>8:30pm: <a href="http://www.fox.com/brooklyn-nine-nine/" target="_blank">Brooklyn Nine-Nine</a>, FOX (30 mins) <em><strong>SEASON PREMIERE</strong></em></p> <p>Captain Holt makes the precinct run practice drills as Jake and Charles go after a gangster who escaped a sting.</p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_good_wife/" target="_blank">The Good Wife</a>, CBS (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Alicia works to hold on to the firm's biggest client and Diane plots her move to Lockhart/Gardner as she searches for partners to bring on board with her.</p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/witches-of-east-end/" target="_blank">Witches of East End</a>, Lifetime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Joanna, Freya and Wendy revisit their past life, Ingrid works to bond with her grandfather and Dash's one night stand turns out to be a person of interest to the others.</p> <p><img height="666" width="1000" style="float: right; width: 300px; height: 200px;" class="media-element file-media-original" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-09/136397_4760_pre.jpg?itok=n2n7sPH8" alt="" />10:00pm: <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/revenge" target="_blank">Revenge</a>, ABC (1 hr) <em><strong>SEASON PREMIERE</strong></em></p> <p>Emily hosts a party which turns out to be full of surprises and Victoria attempts to turn misfortune into an opportunity. Elsewhere, David Clarke plots his return to the Hamptons.</p> <p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <em><strong>SEASON FINALE</strong></em></p> <p>Masters and Johnson share the results of their studies with the world.</p> <p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1), <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/the-view" target="_blank">The View</a> (ABC) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p> <p>____________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p> <p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p> <p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br>GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">September 26, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/amazing-race-1">The Amazing Race</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/please-me">Please Like Me</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/brooklyn-nine-nine">Brooklyn Nine-Nine</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/good-wife-0">The Good Wife</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/witches-east-end">Witches of East End</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/revenge">Revenge</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 26 Sep 2014 13:00:00 +0000 megantownsend What to Watch Weekend 9/19-21: Season premiere of 'The Good Wife' http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-919-21-season-premiere-good-wife <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-5-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="2000" height="1351" id="5" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-09/105120_0398b.jpg?itok=SGE_-BSA" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch the season premiere of<em> The Good Wife</em> and all new episodes of <em>Please Like Me</em>, <em>Witches of East End</em> and <em>Masters of Sex</em>.</p> <p>What to Watch: Friday, September 19</p> <p>10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pivot.tv/shows/please-like-me" target="_blank">Please Like Me</a>, Pivot (30 mins) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Josh and his mother go on a trip together and learn some new things about each other along the way.</p> <p>What to Watch: Sunday, September 21</p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_good_wife/" target="_blank">The Good Wife</a>, CBS (1 hr) <em><strong>SEASON PREMIERE</strong></em></p> <p>Alicia refuses to run for State's Attorney despite Eli's attempts to convince her otherwise and Diane considers joining Florrick/Agos as a partner.</p> <p><img height="612" width="500" style="float: right; width: 245px; height: 300px;" class="media-element file-media-original" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-09/500px-Promo_Joanna_S1_03.png?itok=PjLRrXJT" alt="" />9:00pm: <a href="http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/witches-of-east-end/" target="_blank">Witches of East End</a>, Lifetime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Joanna takes drastic actions after she is hurt by Tarkoff and the others begin to learn Dash's secrets. Later, Wendy and Joanna reunite with their father.</p> <p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Chaos reigns at the hospital as a television crew arrives to document the day to day work of Masters and Johnson's study.</p> <p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1), <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/the-view" target="_blank">The View</a> (ABC) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p> <p>____________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p> <p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p> <p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br>GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">September 19, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/please-me">Please Like Me</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/good-wife-0">The Good Wife</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/witches-east-end">Witches of East End</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 19 Sep 2014 13:00:00 +0000 megantownsend What to Watch Weekend 9/12-14: All new 'Please Like Me' http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-912-14-all-new-please-me <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-6-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="546" height="335" id="6" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-08/20140505-please-like-me0944.jpg?itok=PXXr6GPx" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch all new episodes of <em>Please Like Me</em>, <em>Witches of East End</em> and <em>Masters of Sex</em>.</p> <p>What to Watch: Friday, September 12</p> <p>10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pivot.tv/shows/please-like-me" target="_blank">Please Like Me</a>, Pivot (30 mins) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>After Patrick dumps him, Josh decides to take his family to the zoo as a distraction and he is surprised to get a kiss from someone unexpected during the trip.</p> <p>What to Watch: Sunday, September 14</p> <p><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2274193%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="612" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-09/500px-Promo_Joanna_S1_03.png?itok=FsNJAtwS" style="float: right; width: 300px; height: 367px;" width="500">9:00pm: <a href="http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/witches-of-east-end/" target="_blank">Witches of East End</a>, Lifetime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Joanna works to protect her family as Tarkoff takes revenge against Frederick and Freya confronts Killian. Elsewhere, Ingrid delivers Dash an ultimatum and Wendy and Tommy's relationship could prove dangerous for those around them.</p> <p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Masters attempts to brand the team's work when he learns of a rival study and Barbara and Lester find a way to bond over their concerns.</p> <p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1), <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/the-view" target="_blank">The View</a> (ABC) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p> <p>____________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p> <p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p> <p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br>GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">September 12, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/please-me">Please Like Me</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/witches-east-end">Witches of East End</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 12 Sep 2014 13:00:00 +0000 megantownsend 72181 at http://www.glaad.org http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-912-14-all-new-please-me#comments What to Watch Weekend 9/5-7: All new 'Please Like Me,' Jesse Tyler Ferguson stands up to cancer http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-95-7-all-new-please-me-jesse-tyler-ferguson-stands-cancer <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-7-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="750" height="422" id="7" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2016-08/please-like-me-season-3-pickup-pivot.jpg?itok=5dxoE865" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch all new episodes of <em>Please Like Me</em>, <em>Witches of East End</em>, <em>Masters of Sex</em> and the Stand Up to Cancer special.</p> <p>What to Watch: Friday, September 5</p> <p>8:00pm: <a href="http://su2c.standup2cancer.org/" target="_blank">Stand Up to Cancer</a>, ABC (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Katie Couric hosts this fundraiser for cancer research featuring appearances by many celebrities including Jesse Tyler Ferguson.</p> <p>10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pivot.tv/shows/please-like-me" target="_blank">Please Like Me</a>, Pivot (30 mins) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Josh's father lectures him about getting a job after Josh is forced to ask to borrow money for home repairs. The rest of the housemates go to see Jenny's production and Josh's mom gets into an argument with Ginger.</p> <p>What to Watch: Sunday, September 7</p> <p><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2274064%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="250" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-09/w11.jpg?itok=SdgrP6x5" style="float: right; width: 300px; height: 250px;" width="300">9:00pm: <a href="http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/witches-of-east-end/" target="_blank">Witches of East End</a>, Lifetime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Joanna faces one of her biggest fears, Wendy surprises Tommy and Freya and Frederick celebrate a milestone birthday.</p> <p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Betty and Masters team up to help a patient. Meanwhile, Virginia uses another patient's case history to get advice from a psychologist and Barbara gets a shocking diagnosis that could unravel a thread of secrets.</p> <p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p> <p>____________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p> <p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p> <p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br>GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">September 5, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/please-me">Please Like Me</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/witches-east-end">Witches of East End</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/jesse-tyler-ferguson">Jesse Tyler Ferguson</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 05 Sep 2014 13:00:00 +0000 megantownsend What to Watch Weekend 8/29-31: All new 'Please Like Me' http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-829-31-all-new-please-me <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-8-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="3600" height="2400" id="8" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-08/MastersOfSex_208_1127.r.jpg?itok=8ybQsh6C" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch all new episodes of <em>Please Like Me</em>, <em>Austin City Limits</em> and <em>Masters of Sex</em>.</p><p>What to Watch: Friday, August 29</p><p><img height="335" width="546" style="float: right; width: 300px; height: 184px;" class="media-element file-media-original" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-08/20140505-please-like-me0944.jpg?itok=ETzUm1Nr" alt="" />10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pivot.tv/shows/please-like-me" target="_blank">Please Like Me</a>, Pivot (30 mins)<em><strong> NEW</strong></em></p><p>Patrick kisses Josh, Jenny and Tom break up and Claire decides that she wants to return home.</p><p>What to Watch: Saturday, August 30</p><p>9:00pm: <a href="http://video.pbs.org/program/austin-city-limits/" target="_blank">Austin City Limits</a>, PBS (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p><p><a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/video-kacey-musgraves-becomes-first-country-star-perform-ny-glaadawards" target="_blank">Kacey Musgraves, a Spirit Day Ambassador last year and the first country singer to perform at the New York GLAAD Media Awards</a>, will be perform several of her hits.</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/nShR7qzuzlo" width="640"></iframe></p><p>What to Watch: Sunday, August 31</p><p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p><p>Masters privately treats a couple for infertility and Johnson finds herself in trouble when she attempts to treat Barbara Sanderson by herself. Elsewhere, Libby witnesses a hate crime that is dismissed by the police.</p><p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p><p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p><p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br />GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p><p> </p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">August 29, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/please-me">Please Like Me</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/kacey-musgraves">kacey musgraves</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 29 Aug 2014 13:00:00 +0000 megantownsend What to Watch Weekend 8/22-24: 'True Blood' series finale, MTV Video Music Awards http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-822-24-true-blood-series-finale-mtv-video-music-awards <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-9-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="2100" height="1400" id="9" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-08/trueblood14_91.jpg?itok=iN1zZKpm" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch all new <em>Doctor Who</em>, <em>Witches of East End</em>, <em>Please Like Me, Masters of Sex</em>, <em>The Last Ship, </em>the<em> MTV Video Music Awards</em> and the series finale of <em>True Blood</em>.</p><p>What to Watch: Friday, August 22</p><p>10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pivot.tv/shows/please-like-me" target="_blank">Please Like Me</a>, Pivot (30 mins) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p><p>Geoffrey and Josh go on a surprise date together. Meanwhile, Dad and Mae have their first moment of panic over the baby and Tom asks Jenny to be his girlfriend.</p><p>What to Watch: Saturday, August 23</p><p><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2273777%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="716" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-08/green-dw-hp-1024x716.jpg?itok=EYMHH_ro" style="float: right; width: 300px; height: 210px;" width="1024" />8:00pm: <a href="http://www.bbcamerica.com/doctor-who/" target="_blank">Doctor Who</a>, BBC America (2 hrs)<em><strong> SEASON PREMIERE</strong></em></p><p>Madame Vastra and Jenny return as the Doctor and Clara investigate a dinosaur on the loose in Victorian London and the slew of deadly spontaneous combustions that follow in its trail.</p><p>What to Watch: Sunday, August 24</p><p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.tntdrama.com/shows/the-last-ship.html" target="_blank">The Last Ship</a>, TNT (1 hr) <em><strong>SEASON FINALE</strong></em></p><p>Chandler and his crew reach home and during his quest to locate his family he uncovers a secret about the new world.</p><p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/" target="_blank">2014 MTV Video Music Awards</a>, MTV (2 hrs) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p><p>The 31st annual show takes place live from The Forum in Inglewood, CA. Out singer Sam Smith will perform and LGBT nominees include Smith, Sia and Angel Haze.</p><p><iframe width="640" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/pB-5XG-DbAA" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p><p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.hbo.com/true-blood#/" target="_blank">True Blood</a>, HBO (1 hr) <em><strong>SERIES FINALE</strong></em></p><p>Sookie debates her future with and without Bill as Eric and Pam struggle with their partnership with Mr. Gus. Elsewhere, Sam makes an important choice and Andy comes into an unexpected inheritance.</p><p><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2273778%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22media_original%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="800" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-08/woee_205_05052014_jd_0059.jpg?itok=_m_jK1az" style="float: right; width: 300px; height: 200px;" width="1200" />9:00pm: <a href="http://www.mylifetime.com/shows/witches-of-east-end/" target="_blank">Witches of East End</a>, Lifetime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p><p>An old friend of the family comes to visit Joanna and Freddie. Meanwhile, Wendy runs into someone from her past at an art gala and Killian doubts whether his feelings for Eva are real or not.</p><p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p><p>Masters tries to keep his new clinic in business by borrowing against his house and offering free medical services. Meanwhile, Johnson is surprised when he cuts off their sexual relationship after he learned she was continuing romantic relationships with other men.</p><p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p><p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p><p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br />GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">August 22, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/doctor-who">Doctor Who</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/last-ship">The Last Ship</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/true-blood">True Blood</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/witches-east-end">Witches of East End</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/please-me">Please Like Me</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/mtv-video-music-awards">MTV Video Music Awards</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 22 Aug 2014 13:00:00 +0000 megantownsend What to Watch Weekend 8/15-17: New 'Please Like Me,' 'True Blood' and more! http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-815-17-new-please-me-true-blood-and-more <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-10-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="750" height="422" id="10" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2016-08/please-like-me-season-3-pickup-pivot.jpg?itok=5dxoE865" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch all new episodes of<em> Please Like Me</em>, <em>True Blood</em>, <em>The Last Ship</em> and <em>Masters of Sex</em>.</p> <p>What to Watch: Friday, August 15</p> <p>10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pivot.tv/shows/please-like-me" target="_blank">Please Like Me</a>, Pivot (30 mins) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Josh takes his mother in when she leaves a private hospital and he meets his mother's new friends Hannah and Ginger.</p> <p>What to Watch: Sunday, August 17</p> <p><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2273490%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="496" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-08/lafayette.png?itok=xQZ7CNHG" style="float: right; width: 300px; height: 205px;" width="725">9:00pm: <a href="http://www.hbo.com/true-blood#/" target="_blank">True Blood</a>, HBO (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Bill pushes Sookie away, Eric faces a dilemma and Hoyt is forced to confront his past.</p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.tntdrama.com/shows/the-last-ship.html" target="_blank">The Last Ship</a>, TNT (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Volunteers are asked to participate in human trials of the vaccine, but the results could be a nightmare. Elsewhere, Chandler's wife and father work to keep their family alive.</p> <p><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2273605%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22media_original%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="482" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-08/AnnaSarahP.png?itok=m2C26xCv" style="float: right; width: 300px; height: 200px;" width="724">10:00pm: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Gene learns the truth about Betty and Helen's relationship, Libby fires Coral and Masters goes to a journalist to further his own agenda at the expense of those around him.</p> <p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p> <p>____________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p> <p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p> <p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br>GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">August 15, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/please-me">Please Like Me</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/true-blood">True Blood</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/last-ship">The Last Ship</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 15 Aug 2014 13:00:00 +0000 megantownsend What to Watch Weekend 8/1-8/3: Season finale of 'Vicious' http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-81-83-season-finale-vicious <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-11-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="1920" height="1080" id="11" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-07/mezzanine_442.jpg?itok=japfx_O7" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch the season finale of <em>Vicious </em>as well as all new episodes of <span id="cke_bm_53S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_49S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_46S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_44S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>Crossbones</em><span id="cke_bm_53E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_49E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_46E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_44E" style="display: none;"> </span>, <span id="cke_bm_54S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_50S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_47S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</em><span id="cke_bm_54E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_50E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_47E" style="display: none;"> </span>, <span id="cke_bm_55S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_51S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>The Last Ship</em><span id="cke_bm_55E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_51E" style="display: none;"> </span>, <span id="cke_bm_56S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>Last Tango in Halifax</em><span id="cke_bm_56E" style="display: none;"> </span>,<span id="cke_bm_57S" style="display: none;"> </span> <em>True Blood</em><span id="cke_bm_58E" style="display: none;"> </span> and <em>Masters of Sex</em>!<span id="cke_bm_59E" style="display: none;"> </span></p><p>What to Watch: Friday, August 1</p><p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress-atlanta" target="_blank">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, TLC (30 min) <strong><em>NEW<img alt="" class="media-element file-file-styles-medium" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2271729%22,%22view_mode%22:%22file_styles_medium%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22file_styles_medium%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="172" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/images/2014-06/Say%20yes.PNG?itok=A6V3xOIO" style="float: right;" width="220" /></em></strong></p><p>A bride has second thoughts about her dress after the fitting. Also, A bride looks for a dress for her second wedding<em>.</em></p><p>9:30pm: <a href="http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress-atlanta" target="_blank">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, TLC (30 min) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p><p>A bride struggles with her low budget when shopping for a wedding dress.</p><p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.nbc.com/crossbones" target="_blank">Crossbones</a>, NBC (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p><p>When Blackbeard feels the pressure from a mysterious warlord, he dispatches Rider, Nenna and Tom Lowe to carry out a raid.</p><p>What to Watch: Sunday, August 2</p><p>8:00pm: <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p1q6x" target="_blank">Last Tango in Halifax</a>, PBS (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p><p>Caroline gets mad at John for allowing Judith near her son and John reveals he is not going to marry her.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/Ct_0kMRKtCU" width="640"></iframe></p><p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.hbo.com/true-blood#/" target="_blank">True Blood</a>, HBO (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p><p>Sookie searches for a miracle while Eric and Pam get closer to finding Sarah Newlin.</p><p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2402207/" target="_blank">The Last Ship</a>, TNT (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p><p>The ship recieves a distress call from Jamaica so Chandler and a small team arrange a mission.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/5dALlu8Vys4" width="640"></iframe></p><p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p><p>Johnson and Masters are seen leaving a hotel by Langham. Later, Masters tries to recruit Johnson as his assistant at his new post.</p><p>10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pbs.org/program/vicious/" target="_blank">Vicious</a>, PBS (30 min) <strong><em>SEASON FINALE</em></strong></p><p>Freddie and Stuart throw an anniversary party. But befor ethe party, Stuart decides to tell his mother that Freddie is his partner.</p><p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p><p>____________________________________________________</p><p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p><p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p><p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br />GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">August 1, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/crossbones">Crossbones</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/say-yes-dress-atlanta">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/last-ship">The Last Ship</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/last-tango-halifax">Last Tango in Halifax</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/true-blood">True Blood</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/vicious">Vicious</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 01 Aug 2014 13:00:00 +0000 mwalsh What to Watch Weekend 7/25-7/27: All new 'True Blood,' 'Masters of Sex,' 'Vicious' and more! http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-725-727-all-new-true-blood-masters-sex-vicious-and-more <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-12-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="1009" height="465" id="12" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-07/Vicious.PNG?itok=k3d_Dy7t" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch all new episodes of <span id="cke_bm_53S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_49S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_46S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_44S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</em><span id="cke_bm_53E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_49E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_46E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_44E" style="display: none;"> </span>, <span id="cke_bm_54S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_50S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>The Last Ship</em><span id="cke_bm_54E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_50E" style="display: none;"> </span>,<span id="cke_bm_55S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_51S" style="display: none;"> </span><em> Last Tango in Halifax</em><span id="cke_bm_55E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_51E" style="display: none;"> </span>, <span id="cke_bm_56S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>Vicious</em><span id="cke_bm_56E" style="display: none;"> </span>, <span id="cke_bm_57S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>True<span id="cke_bm_52E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_48E" style="display: none;"> </span> Blood</em><span id="cke_bm_57E" style="display: none;"> </span> and <em>Masters of Sex</em>! <span id="cke_bm_58E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_45E" style="display: none;"> </span></p> <p>What to Watch: Friday, July 25</p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress-atlanta" target="_blank">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, TLC (30 min) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>A bride in the military struggles with not having the same vision for her wedding dress as her mother.</p> <p>9:30pm: <a href="http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress-atlanta" target="_blank">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, TLC (30 min) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong><em><strong><img alt="" class="media-element file-file-styles-300px" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2273195%22,%22view_mode%22:%22file_styles_300px%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22file_styles_300px%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="303" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/300px/public/images/2014-07/last%20tango.PNG?itok=C5Lm9P7p" style="float: right;" width="300"></strong></em></p> <p> A bride wants to lose a little weight so that she can fit into the dress of her dreams.</p> <p>What to Watch: Sunday, July 27</p> <p>8:00pm: <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p1q6x" target="_blank">Last Tango in Halifax</a>, PBS (1 hr) <em><strong><span id="cke_bm_47S" style="display: none;"> </span>NEW</strong></em><span id="cke_bm_47E" style="display: none;"> </span></p> <p>Ellie moves into a farmhouse when John moves into Judith's flat. Meanwhile, Caroline finds out that Judith and Kate are pregnant.</p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.hbo.com/true-blood#/" target="_blank">True Blood</a>, HBO (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>Pam and Eric come across a new ally. Meanwhile, Sookie makes a discovery.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/0NL3xTC5bwE" width="640"></iframe></p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.tntdrama.com/shows/the-last-ship.html" target="_blank">The Last Ship</a>, TNT (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>Danny Green catches an illness that causes mass panic.</p> <p>10:00: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>Virgina and Master meet at a hotel and she learns about his troubled childhood.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/MRkm3zSOKmI" width="640"></iframe></p> <p>10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pbs.org/program/vicious/" target="_blank">Vicious</a>, PBS (30 min) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>Ash and his new girlfriend go to a dinner hosted by Stuart and Freddie while Violet's visit to Buenos Aires doesn't go very well.</p> <p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p> <p>____________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p> <p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p> <p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br>GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">July 25, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/say-yes-dress-atlanta">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/last-tango-halifax">Last Tango in Halifax</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/true-blood">True Blood</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/last-ship">The Last Ship</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/vicious">Vicious</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 25 Jul 2014 13:00:00 +0000 mwalsh 71786 at http://www.glaad.org http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-725-727-all-new-true-blood-masters-sex-vicious-and-more#comments What to Watch Weekend 7/18-7/20: New episodes of 'Last Tango in Halifax,' 'The Last Ship,' and more http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-718-720-new-episodes-last-tango-halifax-last-ship-and-more <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-13-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="1194" height="675" id="13" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-07/mastersofsex.PNG?itok=_PozDnNv" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch all new episodes of <span id="cke_bm_54S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_50S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_47S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_45S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</em><span id="cke_bm_54E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_50E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_47E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_45E" style="display: none;"> </span>, <span id="cke_bm_55S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_51S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_48S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>Last Tango in Halifax</em><span id="cke_bm_55E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_51E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_48E" style="display: none;"> </span>, <span id="cke_bm_56S" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_52S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>The Last Ship</em><span id="cke_bm_56E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_52E" style="display: none;"> </span>, <span id="cke_bm_57S" style="display: none;"> </span><em>True Blood</em><span id="cke_bm_57E" style="display: none;"> </span>, <em>Vicious</em> a<span id="cke_bm_58E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_53E" style="display: none;"> </span><span id="cke_bm_49E" style="display: none;"> </span>nd <span id="cke_bm_46E" style="display: none;"> </span><em>Masters of Sex</em>.</p> <p>What to Watch: Friday, July 18</p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress-atlanta" target="_blank">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, TLC (30 min) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong><img alt="" class="media-element file-file-styles-200px" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2273084%22,%22view_mode%22:%22file_styles_200px%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22file_styles_200px%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="300" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/200px/public/images/2014-07/say-yes-to-the-dress-atlanta.jpg?itok=WruJaxQV" style="float: right;" width="200"></p> <p>Atlanta brides-to-be search for their dream wedding gowns.</p> <p>9:30pm: <a href="http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress-atlanta" target="_blank">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, TLC (30 min) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>Atlanta brides-to-be search for their dream wedding gowns.</p> <p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress" target="_blank">Say Yes to the Dress: The Big Day</a>, TLC (30 min) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>A former pro cheerleader takes on the pressures of finding the perfect dress.</p> <p>What to Watch: Sunday, July 20</p> <p>8:00pm: <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p1q6x" target="_blank">Last Tango in Halifax</a>, PBS (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Due to some sad news, Alan and Celia decide to have another wedding ceremony for their friends and family.</p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.hbo.com/true-blood#/" target="_blank">True Blood</a>, HBO (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>Pam and Eric stay on the lookout when they go to Dallas for a fundraiser. Meanwhile, Andy has to make an important decision.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/YU7uRy13clw" width="640"></iframe></p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.tntdrama.com/shows/the-last-ship.html" target="_blank">The Last Ship</a>, TNT (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>Chandler goes to the jungles of Nicaragua to help Rachel with her vaccine trials and he has to confront a dangerous former drug kingpin.</p> <p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>Masters starts a new job at Memorial Hospital and his bos insists that he leaves Virginia behind.</p> <p style="text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/2ICVgIRznCY" width="640"></iframe></p> <p>10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pbs.org/program/vicious/" target="_blank">Vicious</a>, PBS (30 min) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>Ash gets a job handing out club flyers and Freddie and Stuart go clubbing.</p> <p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p> <p>____________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p> <p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p> <p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br>GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p> <p> </p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">July 18, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/say-yes-dress-atlanta">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/last-tango-halifax">Last Tango in Halifax</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/true-blood">True Blood</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/vicious">Vicious</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/last-ship">The Last Ship</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 18 Jul 2014 13:00:00 +0000 mwalsh What to Watch Weekend 7/11-7/13: New episodes of 'Last Tango in Halifax,' 'True Blood' and more! http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-711-713-new-episodes-last-tango-halifax-true-blood-and-more <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-14-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="876" height="475" id="14" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-07/masters-of-sex-betty-the-receptionist.png?itok=HsSDeOh-" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This weekend catch all new episodes of <em>Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</em>, <em>Last Tango in Halifax</em>, <em>Vicious, The Last Ship, Masters of Sex</em> and <em>True Blood</em>.</p> <p>What to Watch: Friday, June 11</p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress-atlanta" target="_blank">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, TLC (30 min) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>A bride loses weight and struggles to fit into her dress. Meanwhile, a daughter and mother disagree on a dress.</p> <p>9:30pm: <a href="http://www.tlc.com/tv-shows/say-yes-to-the-dress-atlanta" target="_blank">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, TLC (30 min) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>A bride marries for the second time and hopes she can make dress alterations in time.</p> <p>What to Watch: Sunday, June 13</p> <p>8:00pm: <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p1q6x" target="_blank">Last Tango in Halifax</a>, PBS (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>A long-held secret of Gillian's is revealed as her relationship with her father weakens. Meanwhile, Katie's new relationship becomes troublesome for Lawrence.</p> <p><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2272953%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22media_original%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="337" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-07/grand1.png?itok=7AHnMtDa" style="float: right; width: 300px; height: 169px;" width="600">9:00pm: <a href="http://www.tntdrama.com/shows/the-last-ship.html" target="_blank">The Last Ship</a>, TNT (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Chandler's leadership is put to the test when systems fail on board the ship and Dr. Scott fears that she may lose all her research on the mysterious virus.</p> <p>9:00pm: <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01p1q6x" target="_blank">True Blood</a>, HBO (1 hr) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>The H-vamps get tracked down by Sookie and a group of vampires and humans. Meanwhile, Sam and Jason have to deliver more bad news.</p> <p>10:00pm: <a href="http://www.sho.com/sho/masters-of-sex/home" target="_blank">Masters of Sex</a>, Showtime (1 hr) <em><strong>NEW</strong></em></p> <p>Masters deals with the fallout from his presentation and losing his job, while Virginia struggles with advances from co-workers who believe she was the woman in his movie.</p> <p>10:30pm: <a href="http://www.pbs.org/program/vicious/" target="_blank">Vicious</a>, PBS (30 min) <strong><em>NEW</em></strong></p> <p>Freddie takes up acting after Ash's suggestion while Violet seeks relationship advice.</p> <p>This morning and afternoon, check your local listings for information about <a href="http://ellen.warnerbros.com/" target="_blank">Ellen</a>, <a href="http://www.cbs.com/shows/the_talk/" target="_blank">The Talk</a> (CBS), <a href="http://www.vh1.com/celebrity/category/the-gossip-table/" target="_blank">The Gossip Table</a> (VH1) and <a href="http://beta.abc.go.com/shows/the-chew" target="_blank">The Chew</a> (ABC). Soap operas <a href="http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/" target="_blank">Days of Our Lives</a> on NBC and <a href="http://abc.go.com/shows/general-hospital" target="_blank">General Hospital</a> on ABC (check local listings for time) both feature out characters.</p> <p>____________________________________________________</p> <p><strong>About What to Watch on TV</strong></p> <p>Grab the remote or set your DVR! <a href="http://glaad.org/blog">GLAAD</a> brings you the most up-to-date listing of LGBT content on television every weekday. Check <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/issues/what-watch-tv">GLAAD Blog</a> for daily What to Watch on TV posts!</p> <p><strong>About GLAAD</strong><br>GLAAD amplifies the voice of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community by empowering real people to share their stories, holding the media accountable for the words and images they present, and helping grassroots organizations communicate effectively. By ensuring that the stories of LGBT people are heard through the media, GLAAD promotes understanding, increases acceptance, and advances equality. For more information, see <a href="http://glaad.org/">www.glaad.org</a>, <a href="http://www.facebook.com/GLAAD" target="_blank">www.facebook.com/glaad</a>, <a href="http://twitter.com/glaad" target="_blank">www.twitter.com/glaad</a> and <a href="http://glaad.tumblr.com/" target="_blank">www.glaad.tumblr.com</a>.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">July 11, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/must-see-lgbt-tv">Must-See LGBT TV</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/say-yes-dress-atlanta">Say Yes to the Dress: Atlanta</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/vicious">Vicious</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/true-blood">True Blood</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/last-tango-halifax">Last Tango in Halifax</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/last-ship">The Last Ship</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 11 Jul 2014 13:00:00 +0000 mwalsh 71649 at http://www.glaad.org http://www.glaad.org/blog/what-watch-weekend-711-713-new-episodes-last-tango-halifax-true-blood-and-more#comments 66th Emmy Awards nominees: 'The Normal Heart,' Laverne Cox, 'Good Luck Charlie' and more pick up nominations http://www.glaad.org/blog/66th-emmy-awards-nominees-normal-heart-laverne-cox-good-luck-charlie-and-more-pick-nominations <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-15-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img width="970" height="646" id="15" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/images/2014-07/484511895.jpg?itok=QkyR6UMv" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This morning the <a href="http://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/Downloads/66th-nominations-list.pdf" target="_blank">nominees were announced for the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards</a> and several out actors and LGBT-inclusive series received nominations. The Emmys will air live on NBC Monday, August 25 at 8:00pm ET/5:00pm PT.</p> <p><a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/video-ellen-page-presents-laverne-cox-stephen-f-kolzak-award-glaadawards-la" target="_blank">Trans actress <strong>Laverne Cox</strong></a> made history with her nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her portrayal of inmate Sophia Burset on <em>Orange is the New Black</em>. Hers was one of 12 nominations for the series; other highlights included a nomination for Outstanding Comedy Series and a nomination for out actress <strong>Jodie Foster</strong> for her work as director on the episode "Lesbian Request Denied."</p> <p><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2270103%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22media_original%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="799" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-04/normalheart03.jpg?itok=ZvjPeEHs" style="float: right; width: 400px; height: 266px;" width="1200">Out actors <strong>Matt Bomer</strong>, <strong>Joe Mantello</strong> and <strong>Jim Parsons</strong> are all nominated in Outstanding Supporting Actor in a TV Movie or Mini-Series for HBO's <em>The Normal Heart</em>, as were their costars Mark Ruffalo and Alfred Molina. The film received 16 nominations including nominations for <strong>Larry Kramer</strong> in Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or Dramatic Special and <strong>Ryan Murphy</strong> for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Dramatic Special. Both Parsons and Murphy picked up two nominations this year. Their second being Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie or Dramatic Special, respectively.</p> <p><strong><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2272937%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22media_original%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="500" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-07/thats-what-she-said-0413-1-lgn.jpg?itok=sqQHT7XH" style="float: left; width: 225px; height: 300px;" width="375">Sarah Paulson</strong> picked up a nomination in Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie for Ryan Murphy's <em>American Horror Story</em>. <strong>Jesse Tyler Ferguson</strong> is nominated in Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series, while out <em>Saturday Night Live</em>-cast member <strong>Kate McKinnon </strong>picked up a nod in Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. McKinnon is also nominated for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics for "Home for the Holiday (Twin Bed)."</p> <p><strong>Jane Lynch</strong> scored two nominations; one in Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality Competition Program for her series <em>Hollywood Game Night</em> and the other as Outstanding Narrator for the documentary <em>Penguins: Waddle All the Way</em>. <strong>Tim Gunn</strong> also picked up a nomination in Outstanding Host for a Reality or Reality Competition Program.</p> <p><strong><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2272940%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22media_original%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="520" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-07/barclaytraviswall.jpg?itok=AzwhBUaH" style="float: right; width: 340px; height: 213px;" width="829">Nathan Lane</strong> is nominated in Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his work as <em>Modern Family</em>'s Pepper Saltzman. Out director and President of the Directors Guild of America <strong>Paris Barclay</strong> picked up a nomination in Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for the 100<sup>th</sup> episode of <em>Glee</em>. <strong>Rob Ashford</strong> is nominated in Outstanding Directing for a Variety Special for his theatrical direction of <em>The Sound of Music Live!</em> NBC special. <strong>Travis Wall</strong>'s <em>So You Think You Can Dance</em> routines "Hanging by a Thread," "Wicked Game," and "Medicine" earned him a nomination in Outstanding Choreography.</p> <p>Fox's <em>Brooklyn Nine-Nine</em> picked up two nominations, including an Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series nod for Andre Braugher who plays out Captain Ray Holt. Beau Bridges is nominated in Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of closeted university provost Barton Scully on <em>Masters of Sex</em>, which is one of five nominations for the series.</p> <p><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2272936%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="276" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-07/6a00d8341c730253ef01a3fcab49de970b-500wi.png?itok=q9qDKdBZ" style="float: right;" width="500">TeenNick's<em> Degrassi</em> and <a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/watch-disney-channels-good-luck-charlie-episode-introduces-networks-first-out-characters" target="_blank">Disney Channel's <em>Good Luck Charlie</em>, which this year featured the network's first same-sex family</a>, are nominated in Outstanding Children's Program. <em>Modern Family</em> joins <em>Orange is the New Black</em> in the Outstanding Comedy Series category, while <em>Downton Abbey</em>, <em>Game of Thrones</em> and <em>House of Cards</em> are nominated in Outstanding Drama Series. FX's <em>Archer</em> picked up a nomination in Outstanding Animated Program and <em>Whoopi Goldberg Presents Moms Mabley</em> is nominated in Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special. The Oscars hosted by Ellen DeGeneres and produced by legendary duo Zadan and Meron and the 67th Annual Tony Awards both picked up nominations in Outstanding Special Class Program.</p> <p><em><img alt="" class="media-element file-media-original" data-file_info="%7B%22fid%22:%2272941%22,%22view_mode%22:%22media_original%22,%22fields%22:%7B%22format%22:%22media_original%22,%22field_file_image_alt_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22,%22field_file_image_title_text%5Bund%5D%5B0%5D%5Bvalue%5D%22:%22%22%7D,%22type%22:%22media%22%7D" height="422" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/1200px/public/images/2014-07/DSC07930b.JPG?itok=QikGpRyH" style="float: right; width: 350px; height: 197px;" width="750">Undercover Boss</em>, which featured a trans employee on an episode this season, scored a nomination in Outstanding Structured Reality Program. Bravo's <em>Million Dollar Listing New York</em> is nominated in Outstanding Unstructured Reality Program. LGBT-inclusive series <em>Dancing with the Stars</em>, <em>Project Runway</em>, <em>So You Think You Can Dance</em>, <em>Top Chef</em> and <em>The Voice</em> are all nominated in Outstanding Reality-Competition Program.</p> <p>Don't miss the 66th Emmy Awards live on NBC Monday, August 25 at 8:00pm ET/5:00pm PT.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">July 10, 2014</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/entertainment">Entertainment</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/issues/television">Television</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/emmy-awards">Emmy Awards</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/primetime-emmys">Primetime Emmys</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/laverne-cox">Laverne Cox</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/orange-new-black">Orange is the New Black</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/jodie-foster">Jodie Foster</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/matt-bomer">Matt Bomer</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/jim-parsons">Jim Parsons</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/normal-heart">The Normal Heart</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/larry-kramer">Larry Kramer</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/ryan-murphy">Ryan Murphy</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/sarah-paulson">Sarah Paulson</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/jesse-tyler-ferguson">Jesse Tyler Ferguson</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/kate-mckinnon">Kate McKinnon</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/jane-lynch">Jane Lynch</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/tim-gunn">Tim Gunn</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/nathan-lane">Nathan Lane</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/paris-barclay">Paris Barclay</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/rob-ashford">Rob Ashford</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/travis-wall">Travis Wall</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/brooklyn-nine-nine">Brooklyn Nine-Nine</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/degrassi">Degrassi</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/good-luck-charlie">Good Luck Charlie</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/modern-family">Modern Family</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/downton-abbey">Downton Abbey</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/game-thrones">Game of Thrones</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/house-cards">House of Cards</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/archer">Archer</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/undercover-boss">Undercover Boss</a></li> </ul> </div> Thu, 10 Jul 2014 18:36:02 +0000 megantownsend The GLAAD Wrap: 'Portlandia' returns, Antigone Rising's new single and 'Husbands' fan campaign http://www.glaad.org/blog/glaad-wrap-portlandia-returns-antigone-risings-new-single-and-husbands-fan-campaign <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-16-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img id="16" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/husbands-cw-seed-600x369_0.jpg?itok=JdShv_tF" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Every week, The GLAAD Wrap brings you LGBT-related entertainment news highlights, fresh stuff to watch out for, and fun diversions to help you kick off the weekend.</p><p><em><strong>1)</strong></em> Lauren Cioffi's short documentary film <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/09/a-mississippi-love-story_n_4412555.html?utm_hp_ref=gay-voices" target="_blank"><em>A Mississippi Love Story</em></a> chronicles the lives of a gay couple living in Mississippi (expected to be one of the last states to adopt marriage equality) and the couple's journey to get married in California. Check out the trailer below!</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" mozallowfullscreen="" src="//player.vimeo.com/video/81278570" webkitallowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="281" width="500"></iframe></p><p><img class="media-image media-image-right" id="6" style="float: right;;;;" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/Q_%28Ben_Whishaw%29_-_Profile.jpg?itok=kLEEeZls" alt="" /><em><strong>2)</strong></em> Out actor Ben Wishaw, recently seen as Q in <em>Skyfall, </em>has been <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/dec/10/ben-whishaw-freddie-mercury-biopic-dexter-fletcher" target="_blank">cast as Freddie Mercury</a> in the biopic about the Queen frontman. The film tells "a formative coming-of-age story … culminating in Queen headlining Live Aid in 1985." Reportedly, the film will not cover Mercury's struggle with AIDS, which ultimately led to his death in 1991. Working with former Queen band members, Dexter Fletcher will direct the film with Robert De Niro, Graham King and Jane Rosenthal producing. Production is expected to begin in 2014.</p><p><img class="media-image media-image-left" id="6" style="float: left;;;;" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/~~_0.jpg?itok=3PDMxF7r" alt="" /><em><strong>3)</strong></em> <a href="http://www.deadline.com/2013/12/afi-fest-awards-2013-tv-full-list/" target="_blank">AFI's chosen top 10 TV shows for 2013</a>, include several LGBT-inclusive series. The <a href="http://www.afi.com/afiawards/" target="_blank">AFI Awards</a> honors ten films and ten TV series "deemed culturally and artistically representative of the year's most significant achievements in the art of the moving image." Included on this year's TV list of honorees are <em>The Good Wife, House of Cards, Game of Thrones, Masters of Sex, Orange is the New Black, </em>and <em>Scandal.</em></p><p><em><strong>4) </strong></em>All-female country rock band Antigone Rising has a new holiday-themed single out. Out band member Kristen Ellis-Henderson was featured with her wife—<a href="http://www.glaad.org/blog/glaad-names-sarah-kate-ellis-president" target="_blank">new GLAAD president, Sarah Kate Ellis</a>—on the cover of <em>Time </em>magazine's 2013 marriage equality cover. Antigone Rising's new single, titled "<a href="http://ventsmagazine.com/will-this-single-land-antigone-rising-on-the-naughty-list/" target="_blank">Santa, You Owe Me</a>," is described as "lyrical sarcasm perfectly blended with shuffling rockabilly drums, ho-ho harmonies, and a fuzzy blues-rock guitar solo that belongs on the naughty list." "Santa, You Owe Me" is available for purchase on <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/santa-you-owe-me/id775891048?i=775891051&ign-mpt=uo%3D4" target="_blank">iTunes</a>!</p><p><img class="media-image media-image-right" id="6" style="float: right;;;;" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/Kimberly%2BPeirce%2BCarrie%2BPremieres%2BHollywood%2Bl4OBiMPlnLZl.jpg?itok=UD50Vh_T" alt="" /><em><strong>5)</strong></em> Kimberly Pierce, (the out director of films such as 2013's <em>Carrie </em>and <em>Boys Don't Cry</em>)<em>, </em>has <a href="http://www.deadline.com/2013/12/kimberly-peirce-inks-first-look-deal-with-abc-studios/" target="_blank">secured a first-look deal with ABC studios</a>. Under this arrangement, Pierce will direct and produce projects for network and cable, as well as pilots alongside other producers for ABC. This marks Pierce's debut directing TV pilots, as her only other TV directing credit is for a single episode of <em>The L Word</em>.</p><p><em><strong>6) </strong>Portlandia, </em>the sketch-like comedy series based in Portland, Oregon, will <a href="http://www.indiewire.com/article/television/portlandia-returns-for-a-fourth-season-in-february" target="_blank">return for its 10-episode fourth season</a> in early 2014. Co-creators Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein will be joined this season by guest stars like k.d. lang, Dan Savage and <em>Milk </em>director Gus Van Sant. Look for new episodes of <em>Portlandia </em>on IFC starting Thursday, February 27 at 10:00pm ET/PT.</p><p><em><strong>7)</strong></em> Fans of the popular web series <a href="http://husbandstheseries.com/" target="_blank"><em>Husbands</em></a><em>, </em>a comedy about a newlywed gay couple, are campaigning to get it picked up as a TV show. Created by Brad Bell and Jane Espenson, the critically acclaimed series currently lives on the digital network, CW Seed. <em>Time </em>magazine agrees <em>Husbands </em>is TV worthy, stating it "<a href="http://entertainment.time.com/2013/12/10/2013-tv-in-review-the-rise-of-craft-brewed-television/#ixzz2n8tpDiVZ" target="_blank">could genuinely hold their own with their TV-on-TV counterpart</a>." To contribute to the fan campaign, visit the website <a href="http://www.husbandstvnow.com/default.aspx" target="_blank">here</a>, and check out <em>Husbands </em>over at <a href="http://husbandstheseries.com/watch/" target="_blank">CW Seed</a>!</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/J3zprqiWPwQ" frameborder="0" height="360" width="640"></iframe></p><p><em><strong>8)</strong></em> The USA network has set its midseason line-up, which includes <a href="http://www.deadline.com/2013/12/usa-sets-return-dates-for-suits-psych-white-collar-premiere-for-sirens/" target="_blank">the return of <em>Suits </em>and<em> White Collar</em></a><em>, </em>along with new comedy, <em>Sirens.</em> <em>Suits, </em>a lawyer drama in which Edward Darby (Conleth Hill) revealed last season he dated another man, will move to Thursdays, along with <em>White Collar</em> featuring out FBI agent, Diana Barrigan (Marsha Thomason). <em>White Collar </em>returns January 9, and <em>Suits </em>returns Thursday, March 6 at 9 PM, followed by <em>Sirens</em>, which will feature a gay EMT as a lead character.</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/AQYcrtxk19g" frameborder="0" height="360" width="640"></iframe></p><p><img class="media-image media-image-right" id="6" style="float: right;;;;" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/index_4.jpg?itok=C6xad5eR" alt="" /><em><strong>10) </strong></em>The NBC comedy <em>Sean Saves the World, </em>which centers on out father Sean as he navigates parenting his 14-year-old daughter and managing his boss at work, is adding<a href="http://tvline.com/2013/12/11/guy-pearce-sean-saves-the-world-nbc-love-interest/" target="_blank"> a potential boyfriend for Sean</a>. The character is described as "a charming, thrill-seeking adventurer who Sean will do <em>almost</em> anything to impress," and will be played by Guy Pearce, who has been previously seen in <em>Iron Man 3</em> and <em>Priscilla Queen of the Desert</em>. Pearce's character is expected to appear in the fifteenth episode airing sometime in 2014. In addition, <a href="http://insidetv.ew.com/2013/12/12/portia-de-rossi-sean-saves-the-world/" target="_blank">Portia de Rossi will be guesting as Sean's "smart, high-powered ex-wife"</a> in three episodes in early spring.</p><p><em><strong>11)</strong></em> Writer-director Rainy Kerwin and producing partner Narmar Hanna need funding to finish their female-driven romantic comedy, <em>The Wedding Invitation. </em>The feature film tells the story of three women who "break all the rules in their attempt to get dates for the wedding of the year." In addition, <em>The Wedding Invitation</em>'s lead cast and crew will be all women, and 5% of the film's net profits will go to 10 women's charities to help empower the next generation of women in entertainment. To learn more about the project, visit <a href="http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/the-wedding-invitation-a-film-for-women-by-women" target="_blank"><em>The Wedding Invitation</em>'s Indiegogo page</a>, and check out their video below!</p><p><iframe allowfullscreen="" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/XjQyQsWxltA" frameborder="0" height="360" width="640"></iframe></p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">December 13, 2013</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/entertainment">Entertainment</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/issues/music">Music</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/film">Film</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/issues/television">Television</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/glaad-wrap">The GLAAD Wrap</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/mississippi-love-story">A Mississippi Love Story</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/ben-wishaw">Ben Wishaw</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/freddie-mercury">Freddie Mercury</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/good-wife-0">The Good Wife</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/house-cards">House of Cards</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/game-thrones">Game of Thrones</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/orange-new-black">Orange is the New Black</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/scandal">Scandal</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/afi-awards">AFI Awards</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/antigone-rising">Antigone Rising</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/kimberly-pierce">Kimberly Pierce</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/portlandia">Portlandia</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/husbands">Husbands</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/suits">Suits</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/white-collar">White Collar</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/sirens">Sirens</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/sean-saves-world">Sean Saves the World</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/portia-de-rossi">Portia de Rossi</a></li> </ul> </div> Fri, 13 Dec 2013 20:03:38 +0000 reneefabian 2014 Golden Globe nominees include Philomena, Brooklyn Nine-Nine, Tatiana Maslany and more! http://www.glaad.org/blog/2014-golden-globe-nominees-include-philomena-brooklyn-nine-nine-tatiana-maslany-and-more <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-17-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img id="17" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/187d604db7709eef919526c77cd0d6db_1.jpg?itok=4nMwM7gb" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><a href="http://www.goldenglobes.com/sites/goldenglobes.com/files/2014-goldenglobes-nominations.pdf" target="_blank">Nominees were announced this morning for the 71<sup>st</sup> Annual Golden Globe Awards</a> for outstanding performances in film and television and several out actors and LGBT-inclusive films and series received nominations. The Golden Globes will air live coast-to-coast on NBC on Sunday, January 12, 2014.</p> <p>In film, the Weinstein Company's<em> Philomena</em> took home three nominations including Best Motion Picture – Drama, as well as Best Screenplay – Motion Picture and Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama for lead Judi Dench. Jared Leto was nominated in Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture for his portrayal of transgender woman Rayon in the film <em>Dallas Buyers Club</em>. And the lesbian drama <em>Blue is the Warmest Color </em>scored a nomination in Best Foreign Language Film.</p> <p><img class="media-image media-image-right" height="270" id="2" style="width: 202px; height: 270px; float: right;;" width="202" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/tn-1000_nup_156656_2799.jpg?itok=GOZVPxWS" alt="" />On the television side, four out of the five nominees for Best Television Series – Drama are LGBT-inclusive: <em>Downton Abbey</em>, <em>The Good Wife</em>, <em>House of Cards</em> and <em>Masters of Sex</em>. Freshman comedy <em>Brooklyn Nine-Nine</em> was nominated alongside established series <em>Girls</em> and <em>Modern Family</em> in Best Television Series – Comedy or Musical.</p> <p><img class="media-image media-image-left" height="188" id="2" style="float: left; width: 270px; height: 188px;;" width="270" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/oitnbob.png?itok=FdCnFUtv" alt="" />Breakout stars Taylor Schilling (<em>Orange is the New Black</em>; Piper Chapman) and Tatiana Maslany (<em>Orphan Black</em>; at least 7 different roles, including the bisexual Cosima Niehaus) are both nominated in Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series – Drama. Kevin Spacey is nominated in Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Drama for his work on <em>House of Cards</em> as Frank Underwood who was revealed to have had a relationship with a man in the past. Out actor Jim Parsons is nominated in Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series – Comedy or Musical and his show <em>The Big Bang Theory</em> also received a nomination in Best Television Series – Comedy or Musical.</p> <p><em>Behind the Candelabra</em> was nominated in Best Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television and leads Michael Douglas (Liberace) and Matt Damon (Scott Thorson) each netted nods in Best Performance by an Actor in a Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television. Rob Lowe (Dr. Jack Startz) also scored a nomination for his work in the film in Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television</p> <p>Congratulations to all the nominees! The Golden Globes will air live coast-to-coast on NBC on Sunday, January 12, 2014.</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">December 12, 2013</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/entertainment">Entertainment</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/issues/film">Film</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/television">Television</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/golden-globes">Golden Globes</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/philomena">Philomena</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/dallas-buyers-club">Dallas Buyers Club</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/blue-warmest-color">blue is the warmest color</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/downton-abbey">Downton Abbey</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/good-wife-0">The Good Wife</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/house-cards">House of Cards</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/brooklyn-nine-nine">Brooklyn Nine-Nine</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/girls">Girls</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/modern-family">Modern Family</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/orange-new-black">Orange is the New Black</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/orphan-black">Orphan Black</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/jim-parsons">Jim Parsons</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/behind-candelabra">Behind the Candelabra</a></li> </ul> </div> Thu, 12 Dec 2013 18:44:42 +0000 megantownsend Writers Guild Awards nominees include Orange is the New Black, Modern Family and Husbands http://www.glaad.org/blog/writers-guild-awards-nominees-include-orange-new-black-modern-family-and-husbands <div class="field field-name-field-blog-featured field-type-file field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span id="styles-18-0" class="styles file-styles 750px"> <img id="18" src="http://www.glaad.org/sites/default/files/styles/750px/public/oitnb.PNG?itok=jm-Zh9D5" alt="" title="" /></span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>The <a href="http://www.wga.org/wga-awards/nominees-winners.aspx" target="_blank">nominees were announced this morning for the 2014 Writers Guild Awards</a> and they include several LGBT-inclusive series. The 2014 Writers Guild Awards will be held Saturday, February 1 at the JW Marriott at L.A. Live.</p> <p>Netflix's hit original series <em>Orange is the New Black</em> picked up nominations in the Comedy Series, New Series and Episodic Comedy categories. <em>House of Cards</em>, another Netflix original, also received multiple nominations including Drama Series, New Series and Episodic Drama. The CW Seed series <em>Husbands</em>, which got its start on YouTube before moving to the CW's digital network, is nominated in Short Form New Media Original.</p> <p>Representing broadcast television, ABC's <em>Modern Family</em> scored three nominations in the Comedy Series and Episodic Comedy categories, while CBS' <em>The Good Wife</em> netted nominations in Drama Series and Episodic Drama. The soap <em>Days of Our Lives</em> took home a nomination in the Daytime Drama category. On the cable side, the Showtime series <em>Masters of Sex</em> is nominated for both New Series and Episodic Drama, and IFC's <em>Portlandia</em> was nominated for Comedy/Variety Series.</p> <p>Congratulations to the nominees!</p> </div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pubdate field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">December 5, 2013</span></div></div></div> <div class="field field-name-field-issues field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Issues: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/issues/entertainment">Entertainment</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/issues/television">Television</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix clearfix"> <div class="field-label">Tags: </div> <ul class="field-items"> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/writers-guild-america">Writers Guild of America</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/writers-guild-awards">Writers Guild Awards</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/orange-new-black">Orange is the New Black</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/house-cards">House of Cards</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/husbands">Husbands</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/modern-family">Modern Family</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/good-wife-0">The Good Wife</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/days-our-lives">Days of Our Lives</a>, </li> <li class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/masters-sex">Masters of Sex</a>, </li> <li class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/portlandia">Portlandia</a></li> </ul> </div> Thu, 05 Dec 2013 20:55:41 +0000 megantownsend	i don't know
Which Scottish loch is closely associated with kippers?	Loch Fyne Smoked Kippers,Loch Fyne Oak Smoked Scottish Kippers Order Online Seafood Online,UK \| Smoked Fish \| Loch Fyne oak smoked kippers Loch Fyne oak smoked kippers Smoked by Donald McIntyre on the shores of Loch Fyne these are the best kippers I have tasted. Just pan fry with some butter or as an alternative to pan frying boil some water and pour it into a tall jug then immerse the kipper head first into the jar and leave it for ten minutes the kipper will be warmed through and there will be no smell in the kitchen. Total Price: ï¿½11.30 per Kg Total Price: (Including VAT at 0%) Quantity Required:	Loch Fyne
Which resort town is known as ‘The gateway to the isles’?	Loch Fyne Smoked Kippers,Loch Fyne Oak Smoked Scottish Kippers Order Online Seafood Online,UK \| Smoked Fish \| Loch Fyne oak smoked kippers Loch Fyne oak smoked kippers Smoked by Donald McIntyre on the shores of Loch Fyne these are the best kippers I have tasted. Just pan fry with some butter or as an alternative to pan frying boil some water and pour it into a tall jug then immerse the kipper head first into the jar and leave it for ten minutes the kipper will be warmed through and there will be no smell in the kitchen. Total Price: ï¿½11.30 per Kg Total Price: (Including VAT at 0%) Quantity Required:	i don't know
Who wrote the poem ‘The Village Blacksmith’, in 1840?	Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: "The Village Blacksmith" (1840) \| The Cambridge Historical Society Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: "The Village Blacksmith" (1840) Plaque, 52 Brattle Street This marker was installed during the late nineteenth century. The poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow held a status in America’s cultural life that is unparalleled today. Widely regarded during his lifetime as the country's most distinguished poet, he was a revered national figure. Children and adults alike were well-acquainted with his work, particularly his epic poems on historical subjects: “Paul Revere’s Ride,” “Hiawatha,” “Evangeline,” and others. Longfellow lived most of his adult life at 105 Brattle Street, which today is home to a national historic site commemorating his life and work (which was the site of this tour's first stop, featuring Phillis Wheatley ). An illustration of Dexter Pratt. Longfellow's poem “The Village Blacksmith” became instantly popular upon its 1840 publication. The blacksmith Dexter Pratt, who lived and worked at the nearby house at 54 Brattle Street, served as Longfellow’s inspiration. The poem extols Pratt as an ideal nineteenth-century citizen and a model for all men to emulate. He is hardworking, strong and honest, a faithful Christian who mourns the death of his wife and is devoted to his children. The first line of the poem, “Under a spreading chestnut-tree,” refers to a magnificent tree that stood at this spot until 1876. When the tree was cut down due to safety concerns, children of Cambridge raised money to have a chair constructed from its wood and presented it to Longfellow on his 72nd birthday. Today, this plaque commemorates the site where the tree once stood, as well as the poet it inspired. This chair can be seen at the Longfellow House National Historic Site.	Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
The Women’s Institute was founded in which country?	The Village Blacksmith \| Gulf Coast Blacksmith Association \| Page 5 Gulf Coast Blacksmith Association Village Blacksmith Art . This sketch of the blacksmith shop on Brattle Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts was drawn by Longfellow himself in 1840. He passed this blacksmith shop every day on his way to Harvard College and based his poem on it. Below the image he wrote the first two verses of the poem: “Under a spreading chestnut tree The village smithy stands;” Vintage postcard by Bamforth. Postmarked 1909 in London, England . Vintage postcard by Bamforth. Postmarked 1909 in London, England . The Village Blacksmith in His Smithy (artist unknown) Souvenir postcard of the Colonial Village at the 1934 Century of Progress Exposition in Chicago . Sketch by William O. Stevens from his book “Discovering Long Island” . Postcard of The Cock Horse, home of the Village Blacksmith in Cambridge, Massachusetts of Longfellow’s poem. by Tichnor Bros. depicting the history of blacksmithing. . Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: Email (required) (Address never made public) Name (required) You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Twitter account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Facebook account. ( Log Out / Change ) You are commenting using your Google+ account. ( Log Out / Change ) Notify me of new posts via email. Open Invitation January 21, 2017 at Buddy Leonard's shop in Covington, La. This will be our last meeting at Buddy Leonard's shop. He will be missed, both as a dear friend and talented blacksmith. The meeting will begin at 10 a.m. sharp. Edd Scafidel will be serving red beans and rice for lunch. Also, please remember that membership fees are due. For more information and directions, click here . October's Meeting in 2014 John Perilloux demonstrated how to craft tenons with a guillotine tool at October's meeting. To read more and view videos of the demonstration, click here . Update your calendar Please update your calendars with upcoming meetings in 2017: January 21, 2017 For more information about meetings and events, visit the Events Page . Blacksmith Instruction GCBA has adopted the ABANA Forging Fundamentals Controlled Hand Forging Lessons as our guide in teaching the science and art of blacksmithing to our members. Our experienced members will serve as volunteer instructors for each of the 26 lesson plans, and we hope to teach one lesson at each meeting. GCBA has purchased 15 copies of Randy McDaniel's A Blacksmith Primer: A Course in Basic and Intermediate Blacksmithing , now available for member use or purchase. Discoveries Glen Wesley , a longtime member of the Gulf Coast Blacksmith Association, has been diagnosed with Lou Gehrig’s disease (ALS). As the disease progressed he began having difficulty feeding himself. He asked Sid Gale to help him design a device that would enable him to continue feeding himself without assistance. They discussed it, made a few sketches and headed out to the shop. Discover how they designed and developed an Assisted Eating Device . The 2012 Brian Brazeal Tool Workshop in October was a huge success. Watch as he makes tooling and forges a hammer head from round stock. Chuck highly recommends Peter Ross' insightful Keynote Address at the 1998 ABANA Conference on the emergence of "machine mentality" over "hand mentality". Ross was the Master Blacksmith at Colonial Williamsburg from 1979 to 2004. See our coverage of Fire in the Swamp 2012 , a one-stop shop for demos on forging, iron and pewter casting, and pottery crafts. Did this creature crawl out of the bayou behind Buddy’s shop? See Sid Gale's Gator , featured at our February meeting. GCBA provided demonstrations at the 2012 Arboretum Day. A leaf key ring begins at the end of a bar. Watch Brian Brazeal show us how it's done at our January meeting. See Phil Love demonstrate the craft at Colonial Day , an annual event at St. Edward the Confessor School in Metairie. Students dressed in period costume and took part in various events reminiscent of early America life. Watch our GCBA demonstrators do their magic at the 26th Scottish Highland Games & Celtic Music Festival . Discover some very interesting metal art at one of the most unusual festivals in the country, the Bush Tractor Festival . Chuck recommends the article Of Iron & Stagecraft by Trenton Ty, from the current edition of The Iron Trillium, a publication of the Ontario Artist Blacksmith Association. Let renowned metal artist Valentin Yotkov introduce you to the ancient art of Ornamental Chasing And Repoussé: The Magic of Sculpting in Metal . This excerpt from his upcoming book is an excellent primer on adding Repoussé and Chased items to your work. GCBA President Chuck Robinson was profiled by the Picayune Item newspaper in an in-depth article, Local Blacksmith, Chuck Robinson, on the Art of Blacksmithing . Read the Craftpersons Profile of GCBA Chairman Larry House in the Folklife & Folk Artist Directory of the Mississippi Arts Commission. Read the biographical article on GCBA member Glen Wesley , featured in Neighbors—The Lifestyle Magazine. Check out our unique collection of Period Sketches, Paintings and Photos depicting blacksmithing throughout history. Discover The Legend of The Iron Worker and King Solomon and the extraordinary metal engraving by John Sartain depicting the blacksmith who challenged the great artisans at the dedication banquet of the Temple of Jerusalem. Browse our collection of Vintage Art styled after the classic American poem, The Village Blacksmith , by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Check out our ABANA page for links to current ABANA News Topics and sections of the ABANA website most relevant to GCBA members. Chuck Robinson recommends the new Bronze Casting Manual written by Olivier Duhamel of New Zealand, on low-cost bronze lost wax casting of small projects. See our newly updated list of Free Blacksmithing Books, Newsletters and Articles in the In Print section of our Links page. Sid Gale's unique metal art pieces Glen Wesley's impressive scroll work and fireplace screens Buddy Leonard's beautiful fireplace set Danny Arnold's amazing rail and gate work Chuck Robinson's creative tool design and blade work	i don't know
Who got to no.2 in the charts in 2002 with ‘Cry Me a River’?	Justin Timberlake "Cry Me A River" (2002) - The 25 Best Justin Timberlake Songs \| Complex The 25 Best Justin Timberlake Songs 1. Justin Timberlake "Cry Me A River" (2002) Producer: Timbaland Album: Justified "Cry Me A River" is a spiteful, revenge-stricken song full of pain, regret, and bitterness that pushed Timberlake's career beyond what anyone expected of him—maybe even himself. For fans of 'N Sync and the fairytale romance of Britney Spears and JT, their breakup was inevitably one of the biggest pop culture spectacles of the '00s. It's impossible for it not to be. It's all they talked about in interviews, and was the first step in a long-winded decline of Spears' career and personal health. The Grammy-winning track, which peaked at No. 3 on the charts, begins with rain falling and a Gregorian chant. If it doesn't give you goosebumps, you've never had your heart broken. The synth-beat starts and in comes Timberlake's opening lyric: "You were my sun, you were my Earth." You feel all of his pain as a listener, and he got it all out as an artist. He was entirely broken, and this was his farewell to a seemingly fine but secretly fading relationship. Timbaland's contributions are also spot-on: the production, the chants, and "the damage is done, so I guess I be leaving" chants. It's the track that made people completely forget about 'N Sync and start asking what Timberlake wouldd do next. He was never as painfully heartbroken as he was on this track, but maybe that's why Timberlake's career has survived. After marrying Jessica Biel, he's channeled that love into every single track on The 20/20 Experience, showing that he honestly writes his tracks on his emotions, leaving him with a career of personal albums that allow his fans to get a glimpse into his soul.—Lauren Nostro WatchNow	Justin Timberlake
After the assassination of Rasputin, his body was thrown into what river?	Learn and talk about Cry Me a River (Justin Timberlake song), 2002 singles, 2002 songs, Jive Records singles, Justin Timberlake songs 14 External links Writing and production[ edit ] Timberlake acknowledged in December 2011 that the inspiration for "Cry Me a River" was his ended relationship with Britney Spears . Timberlake and Scott Storch wrote "Cry Me a River" with Timbaland , who produced the song. [1] Storch found working with Timberlake easy because of the song's meaning. [2] Reporters believed its lyrics were inspired by Timberlake's romantic relationship with American recording artist Britney Spears , [3] which ended in 2002. [4] Timberlake told MTV News , "I'm not going to specifically say if any song is about anybody. I will say writing a couple of songs on the record helped me deal with a couple of things. To me songs are songs. They can stem from things that completely happened to you personally or they can stem from ideas that you think could happen to you." [3] In December 2011, Timberlake admitted that he had written "Cry Me a River" after an argument with Spears: "I was on a phone call that was not the most enjoyable phone call. I walked into the studio and he [Timbaland] could tell I was visibly angry." [5] Timbaland recalled, "I was like, 'Man, don't worry about it' and he was like, 'I can't believe she did that to me' and he was like, 'You were my sun, you were my earth'". [5] "Cry Me a River" was recorded at Westlake Recording Studios in Los Angeles by Senator Jimmy D, while Carlos "Storm" Martinez served as the assistant engineer. Jimmy Douglass and Timbaland mixed the song at Manhattan Center Studios in New York City. Timberlake arranged the vocals and was a backup singer alongside Timbaland, Marsha Ambrosius , Tye Tribbett and Greater Anointing. [1] Storch compared Timberlake's vocals on "Cry Me a River" to R&B and rock singer Daryl Hall . [2] Larry Gold provided the string arrangement and conducting , while Storch and Bill Pettaway played the clavinet and guitar, respectively. [1] Release and response[ edit ] "Cry Me a River" was released as the second single from Justified . [3] Jive Records serviced the song to contemporary and rhythmic radio in the United States on November 25, 2002. [6] [7] On December 23, three remixes were released as a 12-inch single in Canada and France. [8] [9] On January 5, 2003, the song was sent to urban contemporary radio stations in the US. [10] It was released as a CD single in Germany on January 23. The single contains the album version of the song and the remixes on its 12-inch single release. [11] A CD single, which included Johnny Fiasco's remix of the song and two additional remixes of "Like I Love You", was released on February 3 and 6 in the United Kingdom and Canada, respectively. [12] [13] "Cry Me a River" was released as a CD single in the US on February 18. The single features the album version of the song, its instrumental and four remixes. [14] Following its release, there was media speculation that Spears had written a song as a response to "Cry Me a River"; [3] she denied the rumors, explaining, "You know, it's funny. I read that I wrote this song and I wrote these lyrics and that's not my style. I would never do that." [15] Annet Artani , who co-wrote Spears' 2003 song " Everytime ", stated that the song was written as a response to "Cry Me a River". [16] When asked during an interview with Diane Sawyer on PrimeTime in 2003, if "Everytime" was about Timberlake, Spears responded, "I'll let the song speak for itself." [17] Composition and lyrical interpretation[ edit ] A 27-second sample of "Cry Me a River", which uses clavinet , beatbox , guitars, synthesizers , Arabian -inspired riffs and Gregorian chants in its composition. [1] [18] [19] [20] Problems playing this file? See media help . "Cry Me a River" is an R&B song [21] with an instrumentation that features clavinet, guitars, [1] [19] beatboxing , [20] synthesizers , Arabian -inspired riffs and Gregorian chants . [18] The instruments are arranged into what critics described as a graceful and mysterious melody. [18] Jane Stevenson of Jam! said the single combines gospel and opera . [22] Tyler Martin of Stylus Magazine enjoyed the way that the song unconventionally mixed a range of experimental sounds. [23] According to Martin, the wave synth affects the real strings to create an unusual dissonance . [23] The song's chorus devolves into a choral reading in which Timberlake pleads over the group. "Cry Me a River" finishes with a Timbaland vocal sample. [23] "Cry Me a River" is written in the key of G♯ minor , in alla breve , with a tempo of 74 beats per minute . [19] The song's vocal range spans from C♯4 to B5 . [19] Billboard magazine critics called "Cry Me a River" a bittersweet song, in which Timberlake's "familiar tenor belting" is tempered with a soulful falsetto and a "convincingly aggressive rock-spiked baritone " rasp. [24] David Browne of Entertainment Weekly labeled the song "a haunted, pained farewell". [25] Lyrically, the song is about a brokenhearted man who moves on from his past. [26] A Rolling Stone reviewer called the song a "breakup aria ". [27] According to Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian , "Cry Me a River" stands out for its "slow-building sense of drama", which highlights Timberlake at his "husky best". [28] The song begins with the phrase "You were my sun, you were my earth", which according to Timbaland was Timberlake's inspiration to write the song. [5] [19] Tanya L. Edwards of MTV News observed that Timberlake was wronged and said this is demonstrated by the lyrics: "You don't have to say whatcha did / I already know, I found out from him / Now there's just no chance." [29] The chorus contains the lines: "Told me you loved me, why did you leave me all alone / Now you tell me you need me when you call me on the phone." [30] Slant Magazine 's Sal Cinquemani called Timberlake's 2007 single " What Goes Around... Comes Around " an ostensible sequel to "Cry Me a River" both lyrically and musically. [31] Jason Lipshutz of Billboard stated that aside from the presence of Timbaland's "fantastically cluttered production", the difference between "Cry Me a River" and Timberlake's 2013 single " Mirrors " is clear: "10 years ago, Timberlake was broken, and now he is whole". [32] Reception and accolades[ edit ] "Cry Me a River" received acclaim from critics. Jane Stevenson of Jam! and Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine regarded it as a stand-out track from Justified. [20] [22] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic selected the song as a highlight in his review of Justified. [33] Peter Robinson of NME called it a "twisted epic" and "an acidic, filthy little song teeming with spite and retribution, with Timbaland's pounding." [34] Rolling Stone's Ben Ratliff viewed his production of "Cry Me a River" as exceptional. [35] Denise Boyd of BBC Music felt that the song's lyrics play as large a role as Timbaland's production, unlike other songs on Justified. [26] David Browne of Entertainment Weekly concluded that the song is "a genuine stunner" that should leave Timberlake's fellow 'N Syncers concerned that he truly may not need them any more. [25] John Mitchell of MTV News called "Cry Me a River" and "What Goes Around... Comes Around" "kiss-off songs", with Timberlake's revenge on Spears present throughout the lyrics. [36] For Pitchfork Media it was the 3rd best song of 2003. [37] According to Complex , the song "made people completely forget about 'N Sync and start asking what Timberlake would do next." [38] The single won a Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 2004 award ceremony . [39] It was nominated for Song of the Year at the 2003 MTV Europe Music Awards . [40] [41] Rolling Stone ranked "Cry Me a River" at number 20 on their list of the 100 Best Songs of the 2000s; a columnist for the magazine wrote that the real inspiration behind the song was the formation of the Timberlake–Timbaland team, "a match made in pop heaven". [42] In 2012, the magazine placed it at number 484 on their list of " The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time ". [27] VH1 ranked "Cry Me a River" at number 59 on their list of the 100 Greatest Songs of the 2000s. [43] The Daily Telegraph listed the song at number 40 on the "100 songs that defined the Noughties." [44] In 2015, Spotify re-ranked Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs in two different lists. "Cry Me a River" ranked at number 14 on "by all Spotify users" and 10 on "streams from millennial users". [45] Commercial performance[ edit ] "Cry Me a River" debuted at number 44 on the US Billboard Hot 100 in the issue dated December 21, 2002, earning the Hot Shot Debut honor with 29.6 million audience impressions. [46] On February 1, 2003, the single reached a peak of number three, becoming Timberlake's first solo single to reach that position. [47] The song debuted on the US Pop Songs chart at number 37 in the issue dated December 14, 2002 [48] and reached a peak of three on February 1, 2003. [49] For the issue dated December 28, 2002, "Cry Me a River" debuted at number 75 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. [50] It reached a peak of 11 on March 8, 2003. [51] It also peaked at number two on the US Hot Dance Club Songs , becoming Timberlake's second top-three song, after his debut single " Like I Love You " reached number one. [52] As of August 2003, remixes of the single have sold more than 61,000 units in the United States. [53] The song debuted at number two on the Australian Singles Chart on March 9, 2003. [54] It fell to number six in the following week. "Cry Me a River" became Timberlake's first top-three solo single on the chart. [54] The song remained on the chart for 12 consecutive weeks. It was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) for shipments of 35,000 units. [55] The single debuted at number 44 in New Zealand on March 9, 2003. After two weeks on the chart, it reached a peak of 11. It remained on the chart for 11 weeks. [56] In the United Kingdom, "Cry Me a River", debuted at number two on February 15, 2003. [57] The next week it fell to number three, before returning to its original peak on March 1, 2003; it stayed on the chart for 13 weeks. [58] The song has sold over 365,000 copies in the country as of 2015. [59] It debuted at number 14 on the French Singles Chart on April 5, 2003. After three weeks, "Cry Me a River" peaked at number six, and it stayed on the chart for 21 weeks. [60] It was less successful on the Italian Singles Chart , where it peaked at number 14 and stayed on the chart for four weeks. [61] "Cry Me a River" also peaked at number five in Belgium (Wallonia), [62] at number six in the Republic of Ireland [63] and the Netherlands, [64] at number seven in Belgium (Flanders), [65] and at number 10 in Germany, [66] Norway, [67] and Sweden. [68] Music video[ edit ] Development and synopsis[ edit ] The music video for "Cry Me a River" was directed by Francis Lawrence in Malibu, California , during the week of October 29, 2002. [3] Lawrence created the video's concept and told MTV News, "[Justin and I] had a conversation on the phone and all he said was he wanted to have some dancing in it, but to do my thing. He told me what the song was about, but in a [general way] as well. He just said it was a kiss-off song and so I came up with this idea and he went for it". [69] Lawrence added that he also included some details in the video, including a reference to Spears's tattoo, which Timberlake enjoyed. He explained that he and Timberlake did not mention names while creating the video, only discussing the song's general beats. [69] Lawrence also revealed that executives of Jive Records were nervous about some aspects of the video, such as Timberlake's representation of a voyeur and the tone of some scenes he was portraying with a girl. "That's the thing I liked most about this project, was that he was coming into it with a super clean-cut image with 'N Sync and he's such a nice guy and so handsome and what I was into doing was making him be a bit scary. Lurking around the house in the rain, throwing a rock through her window, being a peeping Tom, getting revenge and doing stuff that's not really what a nice guy does." [69] The music video for "Cry Me a River" was released onto the iTunes Store on April 28, 2003. [70] Timberlake stalking the blond woman who allegedly portrays Spears inside her house The video begins with a blonde woman, played by model and actress Lauren Hastings (allegedly portraying Britney Spears [71] ), walking out of her house hand-in-hand with an unidentified man. [72] The couple leaves in the woman's car (a silver Porsche) as Timberlake rolls down the window of a black Mercedes , from which he and his friend have been watching the woman. [69] Timberlake breaks into the house by throwing a rock through a window and proceeds through the woman's house, with anti-gravity jumps and slides, not causing any other visible damage, except for kicking a picture frame of the woman across the living room. [71] Then he searches some drawers and finds a video camera, while the driver of the car, Timbaland, signals for his female accomplice in the back of the car, played by model Kiana Bessa, to go in. She enters the house and goes with Timberlake to a bedroom, where she starts to undress and kiss him while being filmed. They stay in the bedroom for a moment; then the accomplice exits the house but Timberlake stays. As the blonde woman returns, he follows her around the house and hides in a closet as she showers. He gets closer to her and touches the glass surrounding the shower. The blonde woman senses someone in the room and turns around, but Timberlake is gone. She leaves the bathroom and goes into her bedroom, where the video he made with his new lover plays on the television. Peter Robinson of NME wrote that the video shows "what Justin looks like after he's had sex. Clue: he looks pretty good." [73] According to Virginia Heffernan of The New York Times , Timberlake channels the character Neo from The Matrix film series, "pacing anxiously around wet and metallic interiors". [74] At the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards , the video for "Cry Me a River" won in the categories of Best Male Video and Best Pop Video . [75] It had also been nominated for Video of the Year , Best Direction in a Video and Viewer's Choice . [76] Following the release of the music video, Us Weekly ran a cover story titled Britney Vs. Justin: The War Is On. Timberlake denied that Spears inspired the video, saying, "The video is not about her. The video is about me." [72] However, Spears told Rolling Stone in October 2003 that she received a call from Timberlake saying there would be a look-alike of her would be in a music video with him. She states that he reassured her by saying, "Don't worry about it. It's not a big deal". [77] Spears, who had not seen the video, says she allowed him to do so but became infuriated after watching it. She recalled that when she asked why he had made a video about her, he replied, "Well, I got a controversial video." [77] She stated that it was a great publicity stunt , commenting, "So he got what he wanted. I think it looks like such a desperate attempt, personally." [77] After the release of Spears' video for " Toxic " (2003), Jennifer Vineyard of MTV News said her video "[made] "Cry Me a River" look like child's play". [78] In 2013, Billboard editor Jason Lipshutz opined the clip was "one of the more brilliant musical moments in pop music since the dawn of the century. The visual is JT's most controversial music video to date." He added, "The "Cry Me a River" video served a dual purpose for Timberlake: to court controversy, and to make its star seem more grown-up." [79] Live performances and cover versions[ edit ] Taylor Swift is one of the artists who covered "Cry Me a River". Timberlake performed "Cry Me a River" for the first time at the 13th annual Billboard Music Awards , held on December 9, 2002, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas . He was accompanied by a string section and a 20-member choir. [80] He also performed the song on the Justified World Tour (2003–04), his first worldwide tour. [81] The song was eighth on the set list of Justified/Stripped Tour (2003), his joint North American tour with Christina Aguilera . Timberlake performed "Cry Me a River" on a promotional concert held at House of Blues in West Hollywood, California on June 17, 2003. [82] He performed a rock -inspired version of the song on Saturday Night Live on October 11, 2003; [83] and it was fourteenth on the set list of his second worldwide tour, FutureSex/LoveShow (2007). [84] On October 23, 2010, while performing at the annual charity gig "Justin Timberlake and Friends" in Las Vegas, Timberlake began the show with a slow and "sultry" performance of "Cry Me a River" and segued into a cover of Bill Withers ' 1971 single " Ain't No Sunshine ". [85] He later resumed "Cry Me a River" before segueing into a cover of Drake 's 2010 song " Over ". Jillian Mapes of Billboard described the performance as "completely lovely in an effortless sort of way." [85] Timberlake performed "Cry Me a River" at concert he held during the 2013 Super Bowl weekend in New Orleans . [86] Timberlake performed "Cry Me a River" in a medley with other of his songs at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards . After the performance he accepted a Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the ceremony. [87] Timberlake included the single on the set list of his fifth worldwide concert tour, The 20/20 Experience World Tour (2013–15). [88] The song was first covered by Welsh alternative metal band Lostprophets , recorded in a BBC Radio One session. It appears as a b-side of the single Last Train Home , released in 2004. [89] American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift performed a cover of "Cry Me a River" in Memphis, Tennessee , during the Speak Now World Tour (2011–12). [90] Justin Bieber recorded a cover of the song together with Kanye West 's 2007 single " Stronger ", which he posted on his YouTube account. [91] Canadian rock band The Cliks also covered the song for their 2007 album Snakehouse . [92] British singer Leona Lewis covered "Cry Me a River" during her debut concert tour The Labyrinth (2010). The Sheffield Star described the version as a "beautifully, sitting quietly, almost a capella". [93] American indie pop duo Jack and White covered the song on their 2012 extended play Undercover. [94] Recording artist Kelly Clarkson covered the song on September 1, 2012, as a fan request during her 2012 Summer Tour with The Fray . [95] Alternative rock band Coldplay revealed that the single was an inspiration for the drumbeat of their song " Lost! ". [96] In January 2013, American singer Selena Gomez performed an acoustic version of "Cry Me a River" at the UNICEF charity concert in New York City. [97] In February 2015, Scottish synthpop band Chvrches performed a cover of "Cry Me a River" on BBC Radio 1 's Live Lounge . [98] American alternative metal band 40 Below Summer performed a cover of the song in their 2015 album Transmission Infrared .	i don't know
‘Hey, Big Spender’ comes from which musical?	Big Spender - YouTube Big Spender Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jan 26, 2007 Big Spender Sequence from Sweet Charity/ This is one of my favorite dance sequences from one of the greatest choreographers of all time, Bob Fosse. Category	Sweet Charity
In the metric system, the unit prefix ‘mega’ denotes a factor of what?	Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) Hey Big Spender! You will receive an email shortly to confirm your email address. Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) Hey Big Spender! title details and video sharing options now playing Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) Hey Big Spender! About as "Bob Fosse" as a number can be, the director offers the Cy Coleman/Dorothy Fields hit from his Broadway show, Chita Rivera and Paula Kelly featured, also Gloria Mills, Victoria Scruton, Louise Quick et al, though star Shirley MacLaine isn't involved, in Sweet Charity, 1969. View the TCMDb entry for Sweet Charity (1969) share video Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) Hey Big... About as "Bob Fosse" as a number can get, the director... Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) Hey... Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) Hey Big Spender! About as "Bob Fosse" as a number can be, the director offers the Cy Coleman/Dorothy Fields hit from his Broadway show, Chita Rivera and Paula Kelly featured, also Gloria Mills, Victoria Scruton, Louise Quick et al, though star Shirley MacLaine isn't involved, in Sweet Charity, 1969.> Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) The... From first-time movie director Bob Fosse and composer Cy... Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) The... Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) The Adventures Of A Girl From first-time movie director Bob Fosse and composer Cy Coleman, a breezy contemporary Manhattan opening, introducing Shirley MacLaine in the title role, in the box-office flop big-screen version of Fosse's Broadway musical, Sweet Charity, 1969.> Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) I'm In... As in the original scene in Fellini's Nights Of Cabiria,... Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip)... Sweet Charity (1969) -- (Movie Clip) I'm In Australia! As in the original scene in Fellini's Nights Of Cabiria, Shirley MacLaine (title character) has been robbed and pushed from a Central Park bridge by her boyfriend, later spinning the event for colleagues Paula Kelly and Chita Rivera, in Bob Fosse's Sweet Charity, 1969.>	i don't know
In which city were the 1988 summer Olympics held?	Olympic Games Summer and Winter Locations and History of the Games Olympic games summer and winter locations and history of the games Olympic games summer and winter locations and history of the games Olympic History The Olympic Games took their name from the Greek city of Olympia and though there were important athletic competitions held in other Greek cities in ancient times, the Olympic Games were regarded as the most prestigious. The games were held every four years during August and September and the word "Olympiad", which referred to the four year intervals between competitions, was commonly used to measure time. The first documented Olympic champion was a man named Coroebus, a cook from Elis who won the sprint race in 776 BC. Historians believe that the games had already existed for at least 500 years prior to that date. The Olympic Games originally featured only one event: a race called the "stade", equal to a distance of about 210 yards. By 728 BC two additional races had been added, comparable to the 400 meter and 1,500 meter races of the modern games. The Olympics came to include wrestling, boxing and the pentathlon, as well as specialized events for soldiers and heralds. It was only in 472 BC that the events were spread out over a period of four to five days, previously they had all taken place on a single day. Participation in the Olympic Games was originally limited to free born Greeks, but as Greek civilization was spread by the conquests of Alexander the Great, the Games drew entrants from as far away as Antioch, Sidon and Alexandria. While the only official prize was a wreath or garland, successful athletes were supported by the governments of their cities and devoted much time to training. Most of the competitors were, in fact, professionals. After the Roman conquest of Greece in the second century BC, the Olympic Games suffered a decline in popularity and importance, but the Games persisted until AD 393, when the Roman emperor Theodosius I ordered their abolition. The idea of reviving the Olympic Games originated with Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a 29 year old French aristocrat who first publicly raised the issue in 1892. At a conference on international sport held in Paris in 1894, Coubertin managed to convince delegates from 49 organizations representing nine countries to vote in favor of an Olympic revival. His chief allies in this effort were Dimitrios Vikelas of Greece and Professor William M. Sloane of the United States. The organizers had planned the first modern Olympics for 1900 in Paris, but later decided to move the date forward to 1896 and to change the venue to Athens, though the local government of the Greek capital was initially hostile to the idea. Coubertin and his colleagues of the newly formed International Olympic Committee eventually prevailed, and the first Olympic Games of the modern era were inaugurated by the King of Greece in the first week of April 1896. The Games of 1896, 1900 and 1904 were loosely organized and did not feature national teams produced by rigorous selection. The 1908 Games, held in London in a newly built 66,000 seat stadium, were the first where the events were organized by the relevant authorities in each athletic discipline. More than 2,000 athletes from 22 nations competed in 100 events. The 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm drew more then 2,500 competitors from 28countries and featured the first women's swimming events. No Games were held in 1916 due to World War I, but the Games enjoyed strong growth after the war, with 44 nations participating in the 1924 Olympics in Paris. At the1928 Games in Amsterdam there were more than 290 women among the 3,000athletes, more than double the number that took part in 1924. The Olympic Games were suspended again for 12 years because of World War II, resuming in 1948 in London. The post-war era saw steady growth in the number of countries and athletes competing and a dramatic increase in women's events. Politics began to intrude on the Games in a serious way at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, where Palestinian terrorists attacked Israeli athletes in the Olympic Village. Sixty nations boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, while the Soviets and some of their allies retaliated by declining to take part in the 1984 Games in Los Angeles. The end of the Cold War has eliminated the largest source of political conflict, and most Olympic controversies in recent years have centered on accusations. Olympic Games Location (modern day) The IOC, headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, sets and enforces Olympic policy. The site of the games is chosen, usually at least six years in advance. The Olympic Flag Putting five colored interlocking rings on a white background was conceived by Pierre de Coubertin. Almost a century after the flag's creation, the six colors, those of the rings (blue, yellow, black, green, red) and that of the background (white), still maintain their symbolism today. The Olympic symbol, the five interlocking rings, represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of the athletes of the world at the Olympic Games. Sites of the Summer Olympic Games 1896 - Athens, Greece 1904 - St. Louis, Missouri USA 1906 - Athens, Greece* 1932 - Los Angeles, California USA 1936 - Berlin, Germany 1984 - Los Angeles, California USA 1988 - Seoul, South Korea 2016 - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2020 - Tokyo, Japan	Seoul
If you are suffering from myalgia, what part/parts of your body is/are affected?	Summer Olympics - Crossword Labs Summer Olympics Across 5. Always the first country to march in The Parade of Nations at the Opening Ceremony 6. 1964 was the first year Olympic Games were held on this continent 7. The first Olympics were held in honor of the Greek God, ________. 9. Born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. 11. This sport debuted at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta. 13. First black athlete to compete in the Olympics 14. This sport uses a hoop, ribbon, pole, and, rope. 16. Every national flag in the world has a least one of the Olympic ring ___________. 17. City where the 2008 Summer Olympics were held 19. This country hosted the 1992 Summer Olympics 23. New game introduced at the 2000 Sydney Olympics 24. Its distance is 26 miles 385 yards or 42.19 km 25. Metal is used in the third-place medal Down 1. Person who has won the most gold medals at a single Olympic Games 2. Number of rounds in an Olympic boxing match 3. 1 kg or 2 lbs 3oz is its weight for women. 4. The first-ever perfect 10 in gymnastics 5. American diver who won a double gold at the 1988 Seoul Olympics in spite of hitting his head on the 3-m springboard 8. Men's field hockey team to go undefeated in the Olympics from 1928-1956 10. The meaning of the motto 'Citius, Altius, Fortius' of the Olympic Games 12. Africa, Asia, America, Australia, and Europe are represented by the 5 _________ on the Olympic flag 15. The athlete from Ethiopia to win the Olympic marathon barefoot 18. City where the 2012 Olympics were held 20. Before it begins its trip through 20 countries, where is the Olympic flame kindled? 21. Always the last country to march in The Parade of Nations at the Opening Ceremony 22. This sport was only at the 1900 Paris Olympics. 25. Object archers hit during the competition before the target board was introduced	i don't know
Which bird flies the greatest distance to migrate? (Two words.)	Nature Blows My Mind! The 6 Longest Bird Migrations : TreeHugger Nature Blows My Mind! The 6 Longest Bird Migrations CC BY-SA 3.0 JJ Harrison CC BY-SA 3.0 Aviceda CC BY-SA 3.0 Andreas Trepte World's Longest Bird Migrations This winter I've been watching the many interesting species of birds that use the Pacific Flyway to make their seasonal migration. In fact, it's been shocking to see the huge diversity of species that pass through. It got me thinking about just how far some species are willing to fly each and every year. We know that many species of birds make amazing long-distance migrations, but for some species, the mileage they travel every year is staggering. In fact, the record-holder flies the equivalent of three trips to the moon and back over the span of its lifetime. Check out the six longest migrations of birds on the following pages; plus, find out which unexpected species made the world's longest non-stop flight. Sooty Shearwater (40,000 Miles) Sooty Shearwaters travel an incredible distance each year, logging as much as 40,000 miles as they travel their circular route from their breeding colonies in the Falkland Islands in the spring to Arctic waters to feed throughout the summer, and back down to the breeding grounds in the fall. They are regular globe trotters, moving from southern to northern hemispheres and covering as much as 310 miles a day. The Sooty Shearwater was once the record-holder for the longest migration for a bird, but that record was overthrown recently by another featured in this slideshow. Pied Wheatear (11,184 miles) You don't have to be big to travel far, as the Pied Wheatear proves. This small insect-eating bird travels from the extreme southeast of Europe to China, wintering in India and northeastern Africa. Moving from breeding grounds to wintering grounds and back means one bird may travel more than 11,000 miles in a year. Pectoral Sandpiper (18,000 miles) For some of us it's hard to imagine driving our car 18,000 miles in a year, so just imagine flying that distance in the average course of annual life. The Pectoral Sandpiper travels from breeding grounds in the tundra of northeast Asia or Alaska and central Canada, all the way down to wintering grounds in South America, with some of the Asian breeders going as far as Australia and even New Zealand. Short-tailed Shearwater (27,000 miles) Another shearwater with an affinity for travel is the Short-tailed Shearwater, though it doesn't travel as far as its cousin. The Short-tailed Shearwater travels the Pacific every year, moving from breeding grounds in Australia in the austral winter up to the Aleutian Islands and Kamchatka in the far north, then traveling back down the western coast of North America before crossing over to Australia to begin its next breeding season. This loop of the Pacific means flying some 27,000 miles annually! Northern Wheatear (18,000 miles) The tiny Northern Wheatear, which weighs about as much as two spoonfuls of salt, travels across 9,000 miles of open ocean, ice, and desert to move between its breeding grounds and wintering grounds, making an annual migration of 18,000 miles. This species spends the spring in the north, ranging from northern and central Asia to Europe, Greenland, Alaska, and even parts of Canada. It then travels all the way to Sub-Saharan Africa for the winter. Just imagine this tiny bird crossing the open ocean! It is the longest known migration for a songbird. But this isn't the record-holder for longest migration of any bird; that bird is revealed in the next slide. Arctic Tern (44,000 miles ) And now for the record-holder: In 2010, researchers discovered that the Arctic tern travels twice the distance previously thought, traveling an average of 44,000 miles per year. That gives it the longest migration of any bird in the world. The Arctic tern travels from Greenland in the Arctic north all the way down to the Weddell Sea in Antarctica. Its migration takes it from pole to pole as it travels from breeding grounds to feeding grounds and back. Mind-blowing! And now, find out which bird made the longest flight without once stopping to rest, eat or drink... Longest Nonstop Flight Ever Recorded: Bar-tailed Godwit (7,145 miles) Many species travel amazing distances over the course of a season, but what about in a single flight? The longest nonstop flight for a bird ever recorded was taken by a Bar-tailed Godwit, a migrating wader bird. This bird flew 7,145 miles from Alaska to New Zealand in nine days, without ever once stopping for food, water or to rest. Talk about endurance! While the species makes an annual migration from Alaska to New Zealand and back, researchers had no idea that they could make such long flights without stopping. In an article on National Geographic , Phil Battley of New Zealand's Massey University, who took part in the study tracking this species, states: "The prospect of a bird flying all the way across the Pacific was so much further than what we thought possible, it seemed ludicrous." Here is what their migration route looks like according to satellite tagging by researchers.	Arctic tern
Which bird’s song is said to sound like “A little bit of bread and no cheese”?	Bird Migration Facts - Dialogue for Kids (Idaho Public Television) Incredible eyes and ears , bird song , bird feet , and nests . Investigate birds ... How are birds classified? In order for scientists to be able to understand each other no matter what language they speak they have an international way of naming living organisms. The scientific names are written in a language called Latin. This system of classification was established by Carl Linneaus in the 1750's when he described many North American birds. Learn more about the science of naming things, "Taxonomy". Explore the Tree of Life from the University of Arizona. This is how birds are classified: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata ( meaning "with a backbone") Class: Aves (Birds) The Class Aves is currently divided up into 23 orders, 142 families, 2,057 genera and 9,702 species of birds Order: There are 23 Orders of Birds in the world. For example: Robins are members of the Order called, "Passeriformes". Eagles, hawks and falcons belong to the "Ciconiiformes" order. Family: A further division... read about Bird Families Genus: A further specific grouping Species: The basic unit of all classification. Every bird has its own double name that includes a genus name and a species name. The Robin's name is: Turdus migratorius Why do birds migrate? Birds seek out places that have warmth, food and are safe for breeding. Seasonal migration primarily happens in the Northern-Hemisphere, because in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in the tropics, it is always warm enough for an adequateyear -round food supply, and there is little variation in the length of day throughout the year, so birds have plenty of time to eat in a day. So, not all birds migrate. During the long days of the northern summer, birds have more hours to feed their young on the abundant insect population. As the days shorten in the north in autumn and food supplies become scarce, the birds migrate south. There are 4 kinds of migrating birds: (http://www.backyardnature.net/birdmgrt.htm) Permanent residents, are non-migrating birds who remain in their home area all year round. Summer residents are migratory birds move north in the spring, nest during the summer, and return south in the fall. Winter residents are migratory birds who fly south for the winter. Transients are migratory species who nest farther north than our neighborhoods, but who winter farther south.We only see transients as they are passing through. When do birds migrate? Each species migrates at a certain time of year and time of day. Some are very irregular in their migration patterns. Some species start their migration south in early July and some don't migrate until the weather gets too harsh or the food becomes unavailable later in the fall. Experiments show that day length stimulates migration. In the Spring, you might see migrating birds as early as January in Florida! Most birds fly by night in small flocks. This allows them to eat during the day, and avoid some predators. How do they keep going? Some birds eat along thie route, but some birds eat more just before migration and store a special, high-energy fat in their body because some might not eat for several weeks as they migrate. Where do birds go? Many species migrate very long distances. The most common pattern is that birds migrate to the temperate or arctic northern hemisphere to breed in the summer and migrate south to warmer regions, for the winter. often in the tropics or the temperate zones of the southern hemisphere. Flyways There are 4 main Flyways , or routes, in North America that most migratory birds follow between their summer and winter residences. They follow certain established migratory routes and pass through at predictable times. These routes tend to avoid land forms that might block their way, such as mountains, or water. For soaring birds , such as ospreys, eagles, vultures, and hawks these routes follow paths that take them by hot air rising from land that they need to soar. By spiralling up a thermal and gliding down to the next one, they save energy needed for long journeys. The Arctic Tern has the longest known migration route. It flies about 22,000 miles each year between its breeding grounds in the high Arctic and its winter grounds in the Antarctic. How do birds find their way? Navigation is complicated because it requires three things: birds must know their current location, their destination and the direction they must take to get there. Some birds use the sun, the stars to navigate. Some also use the sighting of landmarks like rivers, mountains or coastlines. Some might use smell, while some might follow other birds in the flock. Some even monitor the Earth's magnetic field using their visual system and with tiny grains of a iron-containing mineral called magnetite in their heads, that might act like a compass. Not all is known about how birds find their way but they probably use more then one method. Study navigation ... and Orientation . How fast do birds fly? Speed ranges from 20 to 50 miles per hour. Larger birds fly faster than smaller birds. If the flock flies for 10 hours a day, then they could fly about 400 miles a day!!! How high do birds fly? Radar studies show that most flight occurs at less than 10,000 ft, but some have been recorded flying at 27,000 ft!! Birds on long-distance migrations fly at higher altitudes than short-distance migrants. What are the dangers of migration? Sometimes birds must fly across harsh habitats such as deserts, where there is little water, or oceans, where there is no place to land and little food to eat. Sometimes stormy weather may make the trip difficult. There can be many predators along the migration route. How do ornithologists study birds and migration? Bird banding or ringing is one method used to study wild birds. Scientists attach a small individually numbered metal or plastic ring to a bird's legs or wings. They also use mist nests as a way to capture birds. This way they can capture and re-capture the same individual and measure and weigh it and gather other important information . Here are excellent photos of that process. Sometimes scientists use satellite tracking for follow birds on their migration routes. Birdwatching is the second largest hobby (gardening is the first) in North America with over 31 million participants. Start watching here... Internet Bird Collection , an on-line audiovisual library of footage of the world's birds. Study bird behavior in your own backyard... Develop your bird watching skills with the Directory of Bird Watching Clubs in Idaho . Head to another Dialogue for Kids topic and become familiar with Birds of Prey. Take a peek at a career as an ornithologist.	i don't know
Who directed ‘Alien 3’ (1992), ‘Fight Club’ (1999) and ‘The Social Network’ (2010)?	David Fincher \| Xenopedia \| Fandom powered by Wikia [Source] David Andrew Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962 ) is an American film director and producer who directed the 1992 film Alien3 . Alien3 was Fincher's debut feature film. Other notable films he has directed include Se7en (1995), Fight Club (1999), The Social Network (2010) and Gone Girl (2014). Fincher has been nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Director (for The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and The Social Network) and has won a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA. For his work on Alien3, he was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Director. However, owing to studio interference, Fincher found the production — his feature film debut — to be an incredibly traumatic experience and he has since disowned the film. Contents	David Fincher
Who stars as the suicidal alcoholic in the 1995 film, ‘Leaving Las Vegas’?	The auteur stylings of David Fincher – HDNET MOVIES Home » Behind the Scenes » The auteur stylings of David Fincher The auteur stylings of David Fincher December 20, 2013 As the director of films including Alien 3 (1992), Se7en (1995), The Game (1997), Fight Club (1999), Panic Room (2002), Zodiac (2007), The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008), The Social Network (2010), The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo (2011), and most recently, the Netflix TV series, House of Cards (2013), Fincher has made a distinct mark upon the film world with his stylized oeuvre. But it isn’t just stylization for the sake of it; Fincher is an auteur, and a highly skilled visual storyteller, who absconded film school in favor of real world work experience. Not a single shot in his films appears without motivation. David Fincher is a formalist through and through. Born in 1962 in Denver, CO, the son of Claire Mae, a mental health nurse, and Howard Kelly Fincher, a bureau chief for Life. At a young age the family moved to California, but in his teens Fincher moved to Oregon where he graduated high school. Like many directors, the camera and movie-making came early, at age 8, when he began making films with an 8mm camera. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid was the film that inspired the young Fincher but, unlike many modern auteurs, film school wasn’t his classroom. David Fincher behind the scenes of Alien 3 One summer, he and a friend attended the Berkley Film Institute’s summer program, which ended up being a lesson about the value of technical and working experience, rather than the high art of film. Disappointed by the pretentious attitudes and the lofty ideals of young filmmakers, Fincher found the school “very Berkeley. There were all these people who were there to communicate and change the world… and then they made these really shitty, stupid little movies.” Fincher and his friend found themselves working as grips and electrics on everyone else’s films, happier engaging in the technical side of production instead of getting bogged down in film school theory. Fincher was hired by Industrial Light & Magic in 1983, gaining more experience on films, as an Assistant Cameraman for Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi and a Matte Photographer for Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, quite a job for a 21-year-old. A year later he left ILM for the opportunity to direct a commercial for the American Cancer Society. With a growing résumé he was provided with the opportunity to direct the 1985 Rick Springfield documentary The Beat of the Living Drum. This led to other opportunities directing music videos and commercials with the production company Propaganda Films, where other directors including Michael Bay, Spike Jonze, Michel Gondry and Gore Verbinksi also honed their craft. Fincher would go on to direct music videos for Madonna and commercials for companies such as Nike, Revlon, Pepsi, and Sony, to name a few. See Fincher’s visual style in an early Nike ad, “Trail of Destruction.” It was in music videos like Madonna’s “Express Yourself,” “Oh Father,” and “Vogue” that Fincher would begin to develop his own signature style and expression, resulting in his first feature film, Alien 3. Traces of the gritty, industrial look of Alien 3 can be found in Madonna’s “Express Yourself,” along with stylistic touches of low angles, swooping crane shots and fast tracking shots. In Madonna’s “Oh Father” and “Vogue,” the director’s affinity for deep chiaroscuro (composition defined by bold, strong contrasts between light and dark) was explored in the black and white style of these videos. Though, like many directors coming into their own at the time, rapid crosscutting, shock cuts, and fast edits were the visual conventions born of the MTV and cable era, moving beyond the classical Hollywood style of holding shots and invisible editing. Still, Fincher’s unique style clearly was taking shape and calling attention to itself. Fincher’s unique style in music videos such as, Express Yourself and Vogue: Fincher’s feature film directorial debut, made when he was only 29, was Alien 3, a devastatingly challenging production with many script incarnations, the result of various rewrites and writers, and heavy studio interference in the actual production. As a first time feature director, Fincher was undermined and would go on to disavow the film. The experience even led Fincher to swear he would “rather have colon cancer than direct another picture.” Luckily, that wasn’t the case. For fans of the franchise, the third film was considered a failure, a departure from the quality and story set forth by Ridley Scott and James Cameron. Commercially and critically Alien 3 was a bust. Though disowned by Fincher, visually the film still represents the establishing of his signature style: using darks and shadows to set mood, creating a visceral experience, a noir-esque color palette, wide lenses, and deep focus. It may not be a film that fans or Fincher are proud of but it still looks like a Fincher film and it taught him better ways to navigate within the studio system. “My idea of professionalism is probably a lot of people’s idea of obsessive.” Maintaining his distinct vision while operating within the studio production system has led to a reputation as an irascible, sharply opinionated, and vocal director, that’s clear from many of the statements he makes, “People will say, ‘There are a million ways to shoot a scene,’ but I don’t think so. I think there are two, maybe. And the other one is wrong.” David Fincher’s next feature, Se7en, would be a much more clear expression of his artistic vision and visual style. The neo-noir serial killer tale relished in its dark tone and creepy serial killer story. With Morgan Freeman as veteran detective Somerset, a few days from retirement, training a new transfer, Mills (Brad Pitt), while they investigate a set of serial murders, the film traffics in a few formulaic avenues but it’s not a detective story. The film is a dark, grim, study of character and evil, imposed upon the naïve Mills by a maniacal killer, under the experienced and authoritative eyes of Somerset. Fincher’s world is dirty, cluttered, messy, and chaotic; the rain in this city never seems to stop. But there is little difference between this visual world and that of Fight Club. For the film’s look, cinematographer Darius Khondji (who would also work with Fincher on Panic Room) applied a new re-silvering process to the negatives, which revealed more grain in the celluloid and made blacks more impervious to light. The resulting look is a mise-en-scène that’s highly defined, with the viewer’s eyes heavily directed in each shot. Think of the first murder scene that Somerset and Mills investigate, the beams of flashlights, piercing through a smoky darkness in a dirty apartment; what little lighting there is directs the viewer’s attention. It’s gross and appalling but enough of it is obscured by the dark that one has to work to visualize the full extent of the abhorrent scene. Altogether, scenes like this and the film as a whole creates a sense of dread that few can match. One of the crime scenes from Se7en. With more films under Fincher’s belt, this same use of form to control and manipulate the experience of a story has evolved, even while the tools, tone, and style remain much the same. While Se7en and Fight Club are lived-in, dirty, impure worlds, his later films like, Panic Room, The Social Network, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, and the TV series House of Cards are drawn from the same stylistic cloth (similar color palettes, heavy chiaroscuro, common framing and camera techniques) they are much more ordered worlds. The settings are affluent locales: the upper class home of Jodi Foster’s character in Panic Room, the Harvard campus and deposition rooms of Social Network, the orderly world of the snowy island in Dragon Tattoo, the staid and composed world of D.C. in House of Cards; all still dirty and impure but defined in a more ordered way. Gone is the dirt and grime of the underworlds, replaced with the filth of power, money, and corruption. The worlds have changed but the means of depicting these worlds still relies on much of the same stylistic techniques. “I don’t know how much movies should entertain. To me, I’m always interested in movies that scar. The thing I love about Jaws is the fact that I’ve never gone swimming in the ocean again.” The power of Fincher’s work is that he creates worlds that are impactful and memorable. Though maybe not always scarring, they make their impression nonetheless. His visual language is easily identifiable but also one of a kind. No other director creates worlds that look like his. He is truly an auteur and a master of form. David Fincher with Edward Norton and Brad Pitt on the set of Fight Club. See the worlds of David Fincher in Alien 3 and Se7en, now showing on HDNET MOVIES. Alien 3 KEEP IN TOUCH VIA EMAIL Make sure you never miss a moment. Sign up for the HDNET MOVIES newsletter to be the first to know about our coming attractions. Email*	i don't know
Which former politician has been dubbed ‘Doris Karloff’?	Ann Widdecombe - News NEWS 13 November 2010 2:46 AM, PST \| The Guardian - TV News \| See recent The Guardian - TV News news » Treatment of Ann Widdecombe on Strictly Come Dancing is pivotal for a BBC beset by sexism and ageism claims On the BBC Strictly Ballroom website comments, you're not allowed to say anything mean about Ann Widdecombe . "This blog is an area for fans … overly negative and critical posts will be removed as Off-Topic." Isn't that priceless? The topic is not Ann. The topic is how much you love Ann. You can forgive the Beeb its terrified diplomacy: tomorrow night at 6pm is the fulcrum of some serious cultural battles. Namely: is Strictly a dance contest, or entertainment? And of possibly even greater importance: what is the BBC's relationship with the older woman? Widders is quite a delicate play for a broadcaster fresh from an ageism and sexism discrimination case (Countryfile-gate is its technical name). Are we laughing with her or at her? Are we just laughing because she can't dance? » - Zoe Williams, Jason Deans 12 November 2010 9:27 AM, PST \| The Guardian - TV News \| See recent The Guardian - TV News news » It is the people who put Ann Widdecombe in Strictly Come Dancing that have made a mockery of the contest Ann Widdecombe has been contracted to perform on Strictly Come Dancing . Unless there is a clause in her contract that says she can be slung out on a whim, I reckon the BBC would be in breach if it removed her from the contest. She has faithfully carried out everything she agreed to do. She has trained, she has dressed up, she has let them make her up to look like a tart, and she has danced. She has learned her routines and done as well as she could, even if she did count aloud. In fact, her dainty little feet were a lot more accurate in their placement and timing than the feet of many others. She has borne gross ridicule in good part and done her best to » - Germaine Greer 11 November 2010 7:25 AM, PST \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Ann Widdecombe has said that the world of politics could learn some lessons from Strictly Come Dancing . The former Conservative MP said that the attitude of her rivals on the BBC One reality show should embarrass politicians who displayed "bitterness" when they lost. Speaking about the differences between the two in her Daily Express column, she said: "When I was becoming popular with grass roots Conservatives my rivals began a frenzy of negative briefing and when I began to appeal to the public they went into overdrive. "By contrast, although I cannot dance for toffee, the other contestants on Strictly line the balcony and weep (more) » - By Alex Fletcher 10 November 2010 3:41 AM, PST \| The Guardian - TV News \| See recent The Guardian - TV News news » Can the new 12-parter possibly be as good as its fascinating, magical – and quietly thrilling – forebear, Victorian Farm ? Ah, living history programmes, how I love thee! Even the crap ones, like Turn Back Time: The High Street are enough to wrap you in a warm blanket of nostalgic glee. Victorian Farm was, of course, my favourite. It was everyone's favourite. The six-part series detailing the year that the social historian Ruth Goodman and the archaeologists Alex Langlands and Peter Ginn spent living as – yes – Victorians on the Acton estate's farm garnered nearly 4 million viewers an episode; the accompanying book went to No 1 on the Sunday Times bestseller list. It was the degree of commitment wot done it. The purity of the endeavour – to live and work for a year exactly as our forebears would have done, without any intrusion from the modern world – was unspoiled by any of the besetting sins of reality TV. » - Lucy Mangan 9 November 2010 6:58 AM, PST \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Brendan Cole has claimed that there is no comparison between John Sergeant and Ann Widdecombe on Strictly Come Dancing . Cole described 2008 contestant Sergeant as an "idiot", but defended Widdecombe's position on the show, praising her "comedy value". Speaking on Lorraine this morning, the New Zealand pro dancer said: "People are going to hate me for saying this, but Ann Widdecombe is actually brilliant in many ways. "Okay, she's not the best dancer out there but this competition is not just about that, it's become very much an entertainment show and I look forward (more) » - By Alex Fletcher 8 November 2010 11:29 PM, PST \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Ann Widdecombe has insisted that she will not quit Strictly Come Dancing . The ex-Conservative MP has consistently finished in the bottom two on the judges' leaderboard but has never finished in the bottom two after the public vote. Widdecombe has now promised that she will not follow the example of former contestant John Sergeant , who withdrew from the competition after viewers kept voting to save him at the expense of better dancers. Widdecombe told BBC Radio Devon that leaving "would be a slap in the face for the public". She said: "The public are deciding who goes through and who does not go through. If the (more) » - By Christian Tobin 7 November 2010 11:07 PM, PST \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Arlene Phillips has blasted the judges on Strictly Come Dancing for not scoring the contestants correctly. Phillips said that it is unfair how some of the dancers, such as Ann Widdecombe and Gavin Henson , are judged on entertainment and effort, while better dancers are judged more harshly on their technical ability. The 67-year-old also criticised presenter Bruce Forsyth for shouting down Craig Revel Horwood , who she believes to be the only judge picking up on the celebrities' faults. She told The Sun: "Every time Craig starts talking technically, Bruce interrupts and covers up anything that's negative that Craig might say. I think at that point I might be jumping on the desk and shaking my arms. "It does seem that Craig is the only one that really cares about technique. Even Len Goodman , who is a master ballroom dancer, seems less concerned (more) » - By Christian Tobin Boyd Hilton and Mark Borkowski debate whether Ann Widdecombe has been redeemed in the nation's eyes by Strictly Come Dancing No: Boyd Hilton , TV and reviews editor, Heat magazine It's the age-old moral dilemma. Can you separate the art from the opinions of the artist? Can you enjoy the music of Wagner (the bombastic German composer, not the tasteful and understated X Factor finalist) and put his little antisemitism problem to the back of your mind? The quandary we Strictly Come Dancing fans face is barely less challenging: Ann Widdecombe is by far the most entertaining element of this year's series, and in fact her attempts to dance are probably the single most amusing thing on TV right now, but can we woolly liberal/lefty types conveniently forget her rather extreme rightwing views, her conversion to Catholicism because Anglicans were becoming so wet ("the ordination of women was the last straw, » 2 November 2010 11:13 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Ann Widdecombe has revealed that she insisted on drawing up a contract before appearing in Strictly Come Dancing . The 63-year-old explained that despite refusing to reveal any flesh as per the terms of her deal, she is having "great fun" on the dance show. She told The Guardian: "I wanted it in writing that I wouldn't wear anything that I considered too revealing. And then I said I wouldn't carry out any moves that I considered immodest or suggestive." Asked if there is an exhibitionist side to her, she replied: "It would be nonsense to try to suggest that somebody (more) » - By Kristy Kelly 2 November 2010 9:13 AM, PDT \| The Guardian - TV News \| See recent The Guardian - TV News news » It's not all dance, dance, dance for Strictly Come Dancing judge Craig Revel Horwood . The celebrity dance show's resident Mr Angry is also the face of British Sausage Week which – as if you didn't know – is happening right now. "I got involved because I love sausages," said Revel Horwood. "Plus, when I saw the trophy, I thought I wanted to hand them out." The banger gong is most politely described as, er... sausage shaped. And please, no jokes about where the batteries go. You're better than that. Crh has also been busy creating some "dance-based recipes" such as, ahem... the salsa sausage and chilli cha cha cha sausage. Inspiring stuff. Unlike Ann Widdecombe 's dancefloor efforts, he will be hoping it doesn't end up a dog's dinner. BBCTelevision industryStrictly Come DancingTelevisionReality TVEntertainmentMonkey guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010 \| Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions \| More » - Monkey 2 November 2010 8:55 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Ann Widdecombe has admitted that she previously turned down annual offers to appear on Strictly Come Dancing . The former politician, who is now competing in the BBC dance competition, also told Star magazine that she had declined offers from other reality television programmes because she disapproves of them. "I disapproved of Big Brother because it's nothing except voyeurism," she said. "At least with a show like Celebrity Fit Club , which I've done, the purpose was to get healthy. "With Strictly , the purpose is to learn to dance or at least try (more) » - By Ryan Love 2 November 2010 2:58 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Ann Widdecombe has said that she still cannot believe that she temporarily conquered her fear of heights to 'fly' onto the Strictly Come Dancing stage. The former politician arrived on the show attached to wires and a harness before performing a tango with Anton Du Beke last month. Widdecombe told Radio Times: "I have the severest phobia about heights. I still can't believe I did it. Dumbo triumphs again! "I then landed and messed up the dance, which had been fine at rehearsal. Anton's smile began to freeze and strange noises came from him as he tried to remind me of the steps without (more) » - By Mayer Nissim 2 November 2010 1:00 AM, PDT \| The Guardian - TV News \| See recent The Guardian - TV News news » Ann Widdecombe used to be anti-image, anti-celebrity, anti-vanity, but now she has become an unlikely fixture on Strictly Come Dancing – and having huge fun I last met Ann Widdecombe when I interviewed her 13 years ago. Although already out of government, she was still in her Doris Karloff phase – practically boasting about being "short and fat and ugly", and stridently anti-image, anti-celebrity, anti-vanity. But my suspicions were aroused when she got her office to call three times in the following week, to enquire about when the piece would appear. Hmm, I remember thinking. Not quite without vanity after all, then. So I wasn't entirely surprised when the MP went blond, lost two and a half stone and became, of all things, a reality TV star. She appeared on Celebrity Fit Club not once but twice, hosted Have I Got News For You , starred as a fiercely intolerant agony aunt in Ann Widdecombe to the Rescue, » - Decca Aitkenhead	Ann Widdecombe
What Italian dish is made with fried beaten eggs, resembling a Spanish omelette?	Ann Widdecombe - News NEWS 13 November 2010 2:46 AM, PST \| The Guardian - TV News \| See recent The Guardian - TV News news » Treatment of Ann Widdecombe on Strictly Come Dancing is pivotal for a BBC beset by sexism and ageism claims On the BBC Strictly Ballroom website comments, you're not allowed to say anything mean about Ann Widdecombe . "This blog is an area for fans … overly negative and critical posts will be removed as Off-Topic." Isn't that priceless? The topic is not Ann. The topic is how much you love Ann. You can forgive the Beeb its terrified diplomacy: tomorrow night at 6pm is the fulcrum of some serious cultural battles. Namely: is Strictly a dance contest, or entertainment? And of possibly even greater importance: what is the BBC's relationship with the older woman? Widders is quite a delicate play for a broadcaster fresh from an ageism and sexism discrimination case (Countryfile-gate is its technical name). Are we laughing with her or at her? Are we just laughing because she can't dance? » - Zoe Williams, Jason Deans 12 November 2010 9:27 AM, PST \| The Guardian - TV News \| See recent The Guardian - TV News news » It is the people who put Ann Widdecombe in Strictly Come Dancing that have made a mockery of the contest Ann Widdecombe has been contracted to perform on Strictly Come Dancing . Unless there is a clause in her contract that says she can be slung out on a whim, I reckon the BBC would be in breach if it removed her from the contest. She has faithfully carried out everything she agreed to do. She has trained, she has dressed up, she has let them make her up to look like a tart, and she has danced. She has learned her routines and done as well as she could, even if she did count aloud. In fact, her dainty little feet were a lot more accurate in their placement and timing than the feet of many others. She has borne gross ridicule in good part and done her best to » - Germaine Greer 11 November 2010 7:25 AM, PST \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Ann Widdecombe has said that the world of politics could learn some lessons from Strictly Come Dancing . The former Conservative MP said that the attitude of her rivals on the BBC One reality show should embarrass politicians who displayed "bitterness" when they lost. Speaking about the differences between the two in her Daily Express column, she said: "When I was becoming popular with grass roots Conservatives my rivals began a frenzy of negative briefing and when I began to appeal to the public they went into overdrive. "By contrast, although I cannot dance for toffee, the other contestants on Strictly line the balcony and weep (more) » - By Alex Fletcher 10 November 2010 3:41 AM, PST \| The Guardian - TV News \| See recent The Guardian - TV News news » Can the new 12-parter possibly be as good as its fascinating, magical – and quietly thrilling – forebear, Victorian Farm ? Ah, living history programmes, how I love thee! Even the crap ones, like Turn Back Time: The High Street are enough to wrap you in a warm blanket of nostalgic glee. Victorian Farm was, of course, my favourite. It was everyone's favourite. The six-part series detailing the year that the social historian Ruth Goodman and the archaeologists Alex Langlands and Peter Ginn spent living as – yes – Victorians on the Acton estate's farm garnered nearly 4 million viewers an episode; the accompanying book went to No 1 on the Sunday Times bestseller list. It was the degree of commitment wot done it. The purity of the endeavour – to live and work for a year exactly as our forebears would have done, without any intrusion from the modern world – was unspoiled by any of the besetting sins of reality TV. » - Lucy Mangan 9 November 2010 6:58 AM, PST \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Brendan Cole has claimed that there is no comparison between John Sergeant and Ann Widdecombe on Strictly Come Dancing . Cole described 2008 contestant Sergeant as an "idiot", but defended Widdecombe's position on the show, praising her "comedy value". Speaking on Lorraine this morning, the New Zealand pro dancer said: "People are going to hate me for saying this, but Ann Widdecombe is actually brilliant in many ways. "Okay, she's not the best dancer out there but this competition is not just about that, it's become very much an entertainment show and I look forward (more) » - By Alex Fletcher 8 November 2010 11:29 PM, PST \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Ann Widdecombe has insisted that she will not quit Strictly Come Dancing . The ex-Conservative MP has consistently finished in the bottom two on the judges' leaderboard but has never finished in the bottom two after the public vote. Widdecombe has now promised that she will not follow the example of former contestant John Sergeant , who withdrew from the competition after viewers kept voting to save him at the expense of better dancers. Widdecombe told BBC Radio Devon that leaving "would be a slap in the face for the public". She said: "The public are deciding who goes through and who does not go through. If the (more) » - By Christian Tobin 7 November 2010 11:07 PM, PST \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Arlene Phillips has blasted the judges on Strictly Come Dancing for not scoring the contestants correctly. Phillips said that it is unfair how some of the dancers, such as Ann Widdecombe and Gavin Henson , are judged on entertainment and effort, while better dancers are judged more harshly on their technical ability. The 67-year-old also criticised presenter Bruce Forsyth for shouting down Craig Revel Horwood , who she believes to be the only judge picking up on the celebrities' faults. She told The Sun: "Every time Craig starts talking technically, Bruce interrupts and covers up anything that's negative that Craig might say. I think at that point I might be jumping on the desk and shaking my arms. "It does seem that Craig is the only one that really cares about technique. Even Len Goodman , who is a master ballroom dancer, seems less concerned (more) » - By Christian Tobin Boyd Hilton and Mark Borkowski debate whether Ann Widdecombe has been redeemed in the nation's eyes by Strictly Come Dancing No: Boyd Hilton , TV and reviews editor, Heat magazine It's the age-old moral dilemma. Can you separate the art from the opinions of the artist? Can you enjoy the music of Wagner (the bombastic German composer, not the tasteful and understated X Factor finalist) and put his little antisemitism problem to the back of your mind? The quandary we Strictly Come Dancing fans face is barely less challenging: Ann Widdecombe is by far the most entertaining element of this year's series, and in fact her attempts to dance are probably the single most amusing thing on TV right now, but can we woolly liberal/lefty types conveniently forget her rather extreme rightwing views, her conversion to Catholicism because Anglicans were becoming so wet ("the ordination of women was the last straw, » 2 November 2010 11:13 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Ann Widdecombe has revealed that she insisted on drawing up a contract before appearing in Strictly Come Dancing . The 63-year-old explained that despite refusing to reveal any flesh as per the terms of her deal, she is having "great fun" on the dance show. She told The Guardian: "I wanted it in writing that I wouldn't wear anything that I considered too revealing. And then I said I wouldn't carry out any moves that I considered immodest or suggestive." Asked if there is an exhibitionist side to her, she replied: "It would be nonsense to try to suggest that somebody (more) » - By Kristy Kelly 2 November 2010 9:13 AM, PDT \| The Guardian - TV News \| See recent The Guardian - TV News news » It's not all dance, dance, dance for Strictly Come Dancing judge Craig Revel Horwood . The celebrity dance show's resident Mr Angry is also the face of British Sausage Week which – as if you didn't know – is happening right now. "I got involved because I love sausages," said Revel Horwood. "Plus, when I saw the trophy, I thought I wanted to hand them out." The banger gong is most politely described as, er... sausage shaped. And please, no jokes about where the batteries go. You're better than that. Crh has also been busy creating some "dance-based recipes" such as, ahem... the salsa sausage and chilli cha cha cha sausage. Inspiring stuff. Unlike Ann Widdecombe 's dancefloor efforts, he will be hoping it doesn't end up a dog's dinner. BBCTelevision industryStrictly Come DancingTelevisionReality TVEntertainmentMonkey guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2010 \| Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions \| More » - Monkey 2 November 2010 8:55 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Ann Widdecombe has admitted that she previously turned down annual offers to appear on Strictly Come Dancing . The former politician, who is now competing in the BBC dance competition, also told Star magazine that she had declined offers from other reality television programmes because she disapproves of them. "I disapproved of Big Brother because it's nothing except voyeurism," she said. "At least with a show like Celebrity Fit Club , which I've done, the purpose was to get healthy. "With Strictly , the purpose is to learn to dance or at least try (more) » - By Ryan Love 2 November 2010 2:58 AM, PDT \| Digital Spy \| See recent Digital Spy - Movie News news » Ann Widdecombe has said that she still cannot believe that she temporarily conquered her fear of heights to 'fly' onto the Strictly Come Dancing stage. The former politician arrived on the show attached to wires and a harness before performing a tango with Anton Du Beke last month. Widdecombe told Radio Times: "I have the severest phobia about heights. I still can't believe I did it. Dumbo triumphs again! "I then landed and messed up the dance, which had been fine at rehearsal. Anton's smile began to freeze and strange noises came from him as he tried to remind me of the steps without (more) » - By Mayer Nissim 2 November 2010 1:00 AM, PDT \| The Guardian - TV News \| See recent The Guardian - TV News news » Ann Widdecombe used to be anti-image, anti-celebrity, anti-vanity, but now she has become an unlikely fixture on Strictly Come Dancing – and having huge fun I last met Ann Widdecombe when I interviewed her 13 years ago. Although already out of government, she was still in her Doris Karloff phase – practically boasting about being "short and fat and ugly", and stridently anti-image, anti-celebrity, anti-vanity. But my suspicions were aroused when she got her office to call three times in the following week, to enquire about when the piece would appear. Hmm, I remember thinking. Not quite without vanity after all, then. So I wasn't entirely surprised when the MP went blond, lost two and a half stone and became, of all things, a reality TV star. She appeared on Celebrity Fit Club not once but twice, hosted Have I Got News For You , starred as a fiercely intolerant agony aunt in Ann Widdecombe to the Rescue, » - Decca Aitkenhead	i don't know
In a well-known nursery rhyme, who has “silver buckles at his knee”?	Bobby Shafto: From Nursery Rhymes at Americanfolklore.net Bobby Shafto's gone to sea, Silver buckles at his knee; He'll come back and marry me, Bonny Bobby Shafto! Bobby Shafto's fat and fair, Combing down his yellow hair; He's my love fore everymore, Bonny Bobby Shafto! All his ribbons flew about, All the ladies gave a shout, Hey for bobby Shafto! NOTE: The Shafto family was named for Shaftoe village in Northumberland. Over the generations, there were at least 7 different Robert Shaftos. The Bobby Shafto in the nursery rhyme above is thought to be composed in support of Robert Shafto of Whitworth of the County Durham branch of the family, who ran for Parliament in 1761. His portrait portrays him as young, handsome with yellow hair. Such was his beauty that at least one heiress was said to have died for love of him.	Bobby Shafto
What is the name of the TOWIE star who was reported missing at the end of August?	Bobby Shafto - British Nursery Rhymes - ESL British English Pronunciation - YouTube Bobby Shafto - British Nursery Rhymes - ESL British English Pronunciation Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Mar 28, 2015 http://www.iswearenglish.com/ The traditional British nursery rhyme Bobby Shafto : Bobby Shafto's gone to sea, Silver buckles at his knee; He'll come back and marry me, Bonny Bobby Shafto! Bobby Shafto's bright and fair, Panning out his yellow hair; He's my love for evermore, Bonny Bobby Shafto! Category	i don't know
What sort of creature is the water moccasin?	Facts About Water Moccasin (Cottonmouth) Snakes Facts About Water Moccasin (Cottonmouth) Snakes By Jessie Szalay, Live Science Contributor \| November 21, 2014 10:50pm ET MORE Cottonmouth snakes, like all pit vipers, have heat-sensing pits on their faces, between their eyes and nostrils. Credit: Rob Hainer \| Shutterstock The water moccasin, North America's only venomous water snake, has a distinctive blocky, triangular head; a thick body; and a dangerous bite. Water moccasins rarely bite humans, however, and only attack when threatened. They are semiaquatic, so they're happy both swimming in water and basking on land in their native range in the southeastern United States. Both "water moccasin" and "cottonmouth" are common names for Agkistrodon piscivorus, according to Sara Viernum , a herpetologist based in Madison, Wisconsin. "The name 'cottonmouth' comes from the white coloration of the inside of the snake's mouth," she said. Other local names include black moccasin, gaper, mangrove rattler, snap jaw, stub-tail snake, swamp lion, trap jaw, water mamba and water pilot. Water moccasins are pit vipers, like copperheads and rattlesnakes. "Like all pit vipers, [they] have heat-sensing facial pits between their eyes and nostrils," Viernum said. These pits are able to detect minute differences in temperatures so that the snake can accurately strike the source of heat, which is often potential prey. Characteristics Water moccasins are relatively large, often ranging from 2 to 4 feet (61 to 122 centimeters) long, according to the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory . They have large jowls, due to their venom glands, and "cat-eye" pupils. Water moccasins have dark stripes by each nostril and pale snouts, which can be helpful in identifying features. Water moccasins' large, triangular heads are distinct from their thinner necks, unlike many other snakes that have no distinctive neck, according to the Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation at the University of Florida. Their thick, muscular bodies are stout for their length and are covered in keeled, or ridged, scales. Their coloration varies from dark brown or black to olive, banded brown or yellow. Their bellies are paler than their backs. Young cottonmouth snakes have striking patterns that fade with age. Credit: Leighton Photography & Imaging Shutterstock Young water moccasins look different than adults. "Juveniles and young adults have bands across their bodies and are lighter brown," Viernum said. Their patterns, which can be striking, fade or are lost as they age. Viernum described another interesting characteristic of juvenile cottonmouths. "The juveniles have bright-yellow tail tips that they use as a caudal lure to attract prey. They undulate the tail tip slowly back and forth to lure prey, such as frogs, within striking distance." Water moccasins are often confused with nonvenomous snakes, leading to the death of many harmless snakes. According to the Virginia Herpetological Society, one such species is the northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon). It looks similar, but the crossbands on the back of the snake do not widen at the ends. Another snake often mistaken for the cottonmouth is the nonvenomous brown water snake (Nerodia taxispilota), which has most of its body below the water when in motion and only the head showing when it's motionless, unlike the cottonmouth, whose entire body is on the surface of the water. Viernum offered advice on how to tell the types of snakes apart: "Nonvenomous water snakes have round pupils, whereas cottonmouths have vertical, catlike pupils. Cottonmouths also have a triangular head, and nonvenomous snakes have a more slender, elliptical head shape," she said. But these snakes can be tricky, and the head shape bears a second look because "most nonvenomous snakes can flatten out their head, which causes them to take on a more triangular appearance. "Like all pit vipers, cottonmouths have heat-sensing facial pits between their eyes and nostrils, but nonvenomous snakes lack these pits," she added. "Cottonmouths have a single row of scales after the anal plate on the underside of their tail, and most nonvenomous snakes have a double row of these scales." Habitat According to the Smithsonian National Zoological Park , water moccasins live in the southeastern United States, from southern Virginia to Florida to eastern Texas. Water moccasins may be found swimming in swamps, marshes, drainage ditches, and at the edges of ponds, lakes and streams. On land, they're found near water and fields. They like to sun themselves on branches, stones and logs near the water's edge. Basking keeps up their body temperature, which chills quickly in water, according to the Smithsonian National Zoological Park. Habits Water moccasins swim close to the top of the water, with their heads out. According to the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, they can be seen year-round, both during the day and at night, but they primarily hunt after dark, especially in the summer. Water moccasins eat fish; small mammals; birds; amphibians; reptiles such as lizards, baby alligators and turtles; and other snakes, including smaller water moccasins. A water moccasin eats a bullfrog. The snake's diet consists of fish, small mammals, birds and amphibians; reptiles such as lizards, baby alligators and turtles; and other snakes, including smaller water moccasins. Credit: Paul S. Wolf Shutterstock Water moccasins mate in spring. According to the University of Michigan's Museum of Zoology Animal Diversity Web , during the mating process, males slither around, waving their tails in an attempt to lure the females away from other suitors. The males also fight each other. Water moccasins are ovoviviparous, which means that eggs incubate inside the mother's body. Females give birth to live young every two to three years, in litters of about 10 to 20 babies. The gestation period lasts three to four months. Babies are born brightly colored and take off on their own as soon as they're born. Parents do not care for them. Classification/taxonomy There are three subspecies of water moccasin: western, Florida and eastern cottonmouths. According to the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), the taxonomy of cottonmouths is: Kingdom: Animalia Subfamily: Crotalinae Genus & species: Agkistrodon piscivorus Subspecies: Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti (Florida cottonmouth), Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma (Western cottonmouth), Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus (Eastern cottonmouth) Behaviors Water moccasins have a reputation for being aggressive, but in reality, they rarely bite humans. They will, however, stand their ground, unlike many nonvenomous water snakes that flee from threats, according to the Virginia Herpetological Society . Viernum described water moccasin's most distinctive defense behavior: "When a cottonmouth feels threatened, it will coil its body and open its mouth wide to expose the white coloration of the inside of its mouth. The white color can be a striking visible display, especially in older adults, whose body colors are dark brown to almost black … Exposing the white of the mouth serves as a warning signal to potential predators." Bite Water moccasins' venom is potent. "Cottonmouth venom is composed mainly of hemotoxins that break down blood cells, preventing the blood from clotting or coagulating," Viernum said. The results can be serious or even deadly, though Viernum and other experts emphasize that fatalities are very rare. Viernum further described the effects of the bite, saying that the hemotoxins lead to "hemorrhaging throughout the circulatory system wherever the venom has spread," she said. "Envenomation from a cottonmouth can lead to temporary and/or permanent tissue and muscle damage; loss of an extremity, depending on the location of the bite; internal bleeding; and extreme pain around the injection area," Viernum added. Anyone suffering from a water-moccasin bite should seek medical attention immediately. Antivenin is available. Additional resources The Virginia Herpetological Society offers a guide to cottonmouths and harmless look-alike snakes . Learn more about Sara Viernum's work at her website, The Wandering Herpetologist . Editor's Recommendations	Snake (disambiguation)
What was the name of the British family who adopted Paddington Bear?	Snake Enemies - Animals that Catch and Kill Snakes - Mongoose, Eagle, Pig, Dog Breeds Contact Snake Enemies - Animals Catch Snakes Yes, many animal species in the wild catch and kill snakes. Some of these species can even be trained in the art of snake extermination! Animal types that hunt and kill snakes include many species of raptors - eagles and hawks, honey badgers, and of course the notorious mongoose. King Snakes eat only other snakes. And believe it or not, common house cats and dogs catch and kill snakes too. Some species of dogs can be trained to catch and kill snakes. What animals keep snakes away - First of all, no common house pet will keep snakes away without special training, and even then, you put the animal at great risk. Cats and dogs may do a decent amount of snake hunting, but they will not actively patrol your property just for snakes. You will have to take into account, too, the fact that any house pet exposed to snakes will also be prone to bite injuries. If you live in an area with venomous snakes, this can be disastrous. Pigs have been known to kill snakes, but again, these animals are not hunting the snakes, rather they are reacting instinctively and stomping the serpents when the opportunity presents itself. The mongoose is a pet that does have special attributes specifically for snake hunting and killing. These weasel-like animals eat snakes, and have special genetic attributes that make them immune to venom. The mongoose is very agile and has a thick coat, making it a perfect combatant for snake wars. The downside to the mongoose is that it’s importation to countries where it is not native is strictly regulated. The diet of the mongoose makes it a habitat destroyer when it is introduced into new environments. The urine of a mongoose can be used to repel snakes with some efficacy, but this is also not available to the public. Read the story of what happened when I brought a snake into the house, and it encountered my fluffy white pet kitten: house cat vs snake , with photos. Why do snakes get scared of mongoose - It’s not necessarily that snakes become frightened when they smell a mongoose as much as they become wary. The mongoose is a fantastic little animal, resembling a stocky weasel and acting with prairie dog-like communication skills. It is naturally immune to snake venom and hunts serpents as a main food source. Mongoose urine has been used to repel snakes with moderate results, though the product is not available to the American public. Many countries in Europe and Asia keep mongoose as pets for the purpose of warding against snakes. Due to the little animal’s tendency to eat other creatures, its importation into other countries has been regulated. Some areas have experienced significant ecosystem damage from non-native mongoose population. Even a mongoose will not keep all snakes away all the time. Just like with an predator, the snake will acknowledge the mongoose scent, but unless it sees on, it may just proceed forward with caution. Many people are aware by now that the Honey Badger of Africa is a notorious snake hunter, and that it is relatively immune to snake venom. They can even hunt and kill cobras. Click here for photos of Honey Badgers hunting and killing snakes . What dog keeps snakes away - There are no dogs that are born with an insatiable desire to hunt and kill snakes, largely because snakes are not a part of the canine diet. There are certain breeds with stronger hunting instincts than other, like the Rat Terrier or the Airedale. These dogs will be more inclined to chase and kill a small, moving animal, but they will not patrol your property specifically looking for snakes. Keep in mind that any dog will be subject to the bite wounds that come from tangling with snakes around the yard. Animals are just as prone to infection as humans, and a dog with multiple puncture wounds will need frequent veterinary visits. The cost of this constant care will quickly outweigh any benefit the canine has as a rattlesnake hunter. Some dogs will even avoid snakes after being bitten. If you bought the dog strictly for snake hunting, that’s a touch pill to swallow. Now, you will have a dog and you will have snakes still in the yard. The only pet that is really effective against snakes is the mongoose; however, their importation into North America has been prohibited due to the little critter’s habit of taking over ecosystems. Snake fear pig - Snakes do not naturally fear pigs, though pigs and many hooved animals fear snakes. This is what leads to the volatile responses from animals like the pig when a snake is seen in the pen. Pigs don’t like snakes because both animals are close to the ground. The last thing the pig wants is the snake to injure one of its young. For this reason, pigs are instilled with a deep desire to run down any snakes and stomp them to death. It has nothing to do with snakes and pigs having a vendetta. Snakes are simply known predators of baby animals, and the pig is aware of this. The snake will not be fearful of the pig as long as the larger creature keeps its distance. This is how most animals are, and this is why many predator decoys and urine repellents fail to do any good. Animals, even natural enemies, will tolerate one another’s presence if no immediate threat is felt. A snake can pass through a pig’s territory, but if the serpent gets too close to something important, the pig will let it know. Keeping pigs on your property will not keep snakes away. Pigs are not snake hunters, and they will not spend much time or energy looking for a fight. Who is the enemy of snakes? Although a ton of animals prey on snakes, from owls, coyotes, bobcats, foxes, raccoons, weasles, snapping turtles, alligators, even crows, it is not easy to come by trainable pet animals that eat snakes, if you're looking for a type of animal that kills rattlesnakes or any venomous snakes, to help you with a snake removal project. It's not a common or practical thing done, and I know of no special trainer, service, or company that offers animals to control snakes, or training for dogs or cats to catch and remove snakes. I did once see a Secretay Bird in a zoo that was great at catching snakes and well trained, but I doubt you're going to go to your local pet store and pick up a Secretary Bird, Snake Eagle (Circaetus), or even serpent hedgehog. Your best bet for snake control is either of the below options. Option 1 - HIRE A PROFESSIONAL We can solve your snake problem for you. Our nationwide group of snake specialists services 95% of the US population. Click here to find your local snake removal expert in your town. Below are just some of our more popular areas: TX Fort Worth Option 2 - BUY A SNAKE TRAP If a snake is indoors, a trap will work. I do not recommend using a glue-based trap outdoors, because it can inhumanely catch other small critters. I have reviewed and field tested several snake trap designs, and the one featured below is the most durable and effective. It is the highest quality snake trap available on the market. Read more about Snake Trap . What animals catch and kill snakes? There are a number of animas which act as predators for snakes, despite what you may have thought. Humans are one of the biggest culprits, catching them with the intention of breeding them for pets, often causing their death or ill health because of poor care or cramped living conditions. Humans often run over wild snakes with their vehicles, and also kill snakes in the process of trying to ‘evict’ them from residential properties. Humans aside, eagles and hawks are well known for killing snakes, and for some of the bigger birds of prey, snakes actually make up the bulk of their daily diet. They can easily spot their slithering targets from up high in the air, something humans don’t have the advantage of back down on ground level. There are some mammals which will catch and eat snakes too - bigger snakes will often eat the smaller snakes, it’s a dog-eat-dog world after all, and foxes and weasels have been known to catch and eat ones they can easily overpower. Moving out of the US and looking around the world, even the biggest and most dangerous or venomous of snakes have their predators. If you were to head to Africa or Asia, for example, leopards and crocodiles would be big enough to catch and eat the biggest of snake species, and in Asia specifically, the mongoose often chooses snake as it’s dinner of choice. Even jaguars and other big cats won’t turn down the chance of a snake meal, South America seeing this with the larger anacondas.	i don't know
Which band took the Floral Dance to no.2 in the charts in 1977?	Cornish Floral Dance: a fuzzy custom \| Music \| The Guardian Folk music Cornish Floral Dance: a fuzzy custom It's not about small woodland creatures, and it's definitely not about Terry Wogan. Alfred Hickling joins in with the Cornish Floral Dance The Helston Town band marks the start of the Helston Furry Dance. Photograph: Richtradition / Alamy/Alamy Share on Messenger Close In May 1911 a young violinist and composer of light music named Katie Moss visited the small Cornish mining town of Helston. She arrived in time to witness the traditional Flora Day celebrations: a day-long jig through the town performed to a simple, infectious refrain. The joy of the experience inspired her to jot down some lyrics on the train home: "I thought I heard the curious tone/ Of the cornet, clarinet and big trombone/ Fiddle, cello, big bass drum/ Bassoon, flute and euphonium." Are you humming along yet? It may be that you associate the Floral Dance with Cornish custom; though you are more likely to recall the deathless version made by the Brighouse and Rastrick brass band , whose recording remained at No 2 in the charts for nine weeks in 1977. (It was prevented from reaching the top spot by Wings' Mull of Kintyre , the only time in British chart history in which northern brass bands and Scottish pipers so thoroughly dominated the charts.) Yet the performance few are able to forget is Terry Wogan 's bizarre appearance on Top of the Pops in January 1978, when the under-prepared and seemingly embarrassed DJ intoned the litany of big bass drums and euphoniums while pelting the audience with flowers. It made the tune infamous; yet for Ian Marshall, a Cornish folklorist, musician and author of the definitive The Amazing Story of the Floral Dance , Wogan's intervention was regrettable. "Unfortunately, it is the performance everyone immediately thinks of," Marshall says. "I think Terry Wogan genuinely liked the tune, but for some reason he opted to perform live, which was a mistake. You were reminded of a performance given by a seriously stoned Elvis Presley near the end of his career." Marshall's book is a fascinating document of a musical obsession that covers every aspect of the provenance, etymology and performance history of the tune. But the roots of the Floral Dance are mysterious and subject to confusion, even in Cornwall. "The original melody occurs only in the chorus of Katie Moss's version – the 'fiddle, cello, big bass drum' part. Eighty per cent of the published composition was her own invention," Marshall says. The most far-reaching of Moss's modifications was to change the name of the dance itself. "The springtime celebration in Helston is known as the furry dance, which I can only suppose she altered because she didn't want to give the impression that it was a song about small woodland creatures. Unfortunately, it's since become the custom even for Cornish people to refer to the furry dance by the wrong name." Moss's rewrite was the Edwardian equivalent of a chart-topper. Thousands of copies of the sheet music were sold, and the first singer to have a recorded hit with the tune was the light baritone Peter Dawson . Further versions appeared from Stanley Holloway , Julie Andrews and folk band the Yetties . The tune took on a new lease of life, though, from the mid-70s, when it became a brass band standard. In 1975 West Yorkshire's venerable Brighouse and Rastrick band hired a talented young music director named Derek Broadbent, who had the idea of combining a brass arrangement with a pop rhythm. "It's actually a double-offbeat – you can do the twist to it," Broadbent says. His second stroke of inspiration was to put the tune out as a single. "It was only intended to be something we could sell at concerts to raise funds," Broadbent says, "but as no brass band had issued a 45rpm disc before, we were surprised to find we qualified for the singles chart." A Radio 2 breakfast producer passed the disc to Wogan, who played it (while singing along) at peak listening time before the 8am news. Six weeks later, the 27 members of the Brighouse and Rastrick band were scrambling down to London for the recording of Top of the Pops. Sheridan Fryer, the band's librarian, remembers the day: "It wasn't easy getting time off from work, and we only made it down the motorway for the 2pm recording with seconds to spare. They'd never had a brass band on Top of the Pops before and they didn't really know how to cope with us. The studio manager was worried that we might get spittle on the floor." Unlike every other act in the studio that day, the Brighouse and Rastrick band played live . "There was a young Irish lad in tight red trousers gawping at us throughout our rehearsal," Fryer says. "He turned out to be a very young Bob Geldof. We thought he looked in need of a good dinner." The band members were pleased to find fellow Yorkshireman Jimmy Saville was on hand to introduce them: though contrary to most people's recollection, Wogan was not present. "It's assumed that we played on Wogan's version, but that came out a few months later, with the Hanwell band from London, who were not credited on the label," Fryer says. "I'd be quite glad of the opportunity to clear that up." The band's chart success cost them some credibility in the brass world. "I think some of the other outfits thought we'd lost the plot – especially as we became so busy promoting the Floral Dance that we were unable to compete in the British championships. But we answered our critics by winning it the following year." The purple-jacketed gentlemen of the B&R remain a force today. Their version of the tune featured in the film Brassed Off , a gold disc hangs proudly above the band's well-appointed rehearsal complex outside Halifax. In the band's archive, the original charts are so well used it has been necessary to laminate them. "We still have to bring it out at every concert," Fryer says. "There'd be uproar if we didn't." The strains of the recording will be heard again as part of this year's Durham International Brass festival; albeit in barely recognisable form. The DJ and sound artist Scanner has created a work entitled Floral Derrangement , which involves slowing the tune so much it runs to 130 times its normal length. Why 130 times? "It is an acknowledgement of the history of the Brighouse and Rastrick band, which has its 130th anniversary this year," Scanner says. Scanner's super-slow arrangement stretches the tune until it sounds closer to a Wagnerian funeral march than a traditional Cornish knees-up; though for two days its curious tones will be audible to pedestrians crossing Durham's Kingsgate bridge. Scanner hopes that the brass players in town for the festival will be inspired to play along. "The ultimate aim is for the piece to become an interactive improvisation on the theme of the Floral Dance. I'd like anyone who happens to be passing to be able to join in." A certain Mr Wogan excepted, perhaps. Floral Derrangement is at the Durham International Brass festival 15-17 July.	brighouse and rastrick
Who gave birth to Heavenly Hiraani Tiger Lily in 1996?	TRANSATLANTIC TRANSATLANTIC One of the earliest successful independent record companies in this country, Transatlantic was founded in 1961 by Nat Joseph purely as an import company, but it soon moved into the field of record production. After putting some money in the bank with a series of notorious but best-selling sex-instruction records the company moved on to less controversial and more musical ground, becoming a home for contemporary folk music, with such notables as Pentangle, the Dubliners, Ralph McTell and Bert Jansch on its books. Transatlantic's musical policy was dictated by Joseph's tastes, which over the years led to an eclectic catalogue of albums, with Folk-Rockers Decameron and Dransfield rubbing shoulders with 'Medieval-Prog' band Gryphon and the Brighouse and Rastrick Brass Band - the Brighouse and Rastrick gave the company its biggest hit single in 1977, when its version of 'The Floral Dance' got to No.2 in the Charts. Joseph also leased and imported material from US labels: obscure Classical records from Nonesuch, Jazz from Prestige and Milestone, etc. In addition Transatlantic acted as distributor for a number of other labels - for example Jazz label Black Lion, and several Reggae labels such as Jama and Love. In 1975 Joseph sold 75% of Transatlantic to Granada; he retained the remainder of his holding until 1977, when the company was sold to publishers Marshall Cavendish and was put under the wing of Logo Records, which Marshall Cavendish part-owned. Most Transatlantic acts were transferred to the Logo label; the very occasional Transatlantic record came out until 1981 when the label disappeared. Transatlantic singles first appeared in the early '60s, on a white-and-purple label (1); the logo changed in 1966 (2) and had moved by the time 1970 came around (3). From 1970-71 the company's singles were released on the Big T label (q.v.), but in 1972 the Transatlantic label as such made a return, bearing a pinky-purple label (4) and having catalogue numbers in the BIG-500s - '60s singles had been numbered in a TRA/SP-0 series, which reached at least TRA/SP-21. The colour changed to red (5) with TRA-509, and the legend in the banner shortened from ' Singled Out' to 'Single'. Copies of at least two singles, BIG-519 and 521, were pressed in Holland (6): the vinyl shortage became acute in 1974, and Billboard (24th August) reports that a lot of Transatlantic records were being pressed abroad. Towards the end of 1974 the paper label was replaced by an injection-moulded one (7), which was manufactured by Phonodisc. A change of design followed almost immediately, in early 1975, with the introduction of a balloon logo and a rather attractive company sleeve (8, 17); this design could also be found on paper labels (9), which look to have been sourced from Pye. For the most part these singles were coloured blue, but the odd red one appeared (10). 1976 saw a futher change of design: with BIG-556 the balloon logo went, to be replaced by a scroll (11); this time around red was the most common colour with blue only making an appearance every now and again. Most of the scroll labels were injection moulded Phonodiscs, but the occasional paper one (12) came out; the paper ones went well with the company sleeve (18). May 1977 saw a brief returned to the balloon design, in blue, red or white paper labels (13, 14); while the final three issues, which were cream coloured, went back even further to the 'transport' logo (15). From 1968 Transatlantic started to distribute some of its own records, a task it shared with other firms at first. At the very start of the '70s Decca and BIRD (a group of independent distributors including Lugton) were also handling the label, but a Billboard article from mid 1970 says that from the 1st of September 1970 main distribution would be switching to EMI. EMI continued to do that job until Transatlantic's own distribution network grew sufficiently large to take it on, which it did in July 1972; the label was handled by Clyde Factors in Scotland. Pressing was done by various companies: according to the same Billboard article for the middle of 1970 it had been done by CBS, British Homophone and IPC up to that point but was to gradually be taken over EMI. The earliest BIG-era singles were manufactured by EMI (4) but from the 1st of July 1972 RCA took over responsibility for that task: they only pressed albums at their own plant, however, singles being farmed out to CBS. RCA were followed by a firm that I haven't as yet been able to identify; as stated above, at least couple of 1974 singles were pressed in Holland (6). Phonodisc took up the baton around the start of 1975 and was responsible for the injection moulded records. Pye did a stint in 1976 (9), then came more Phonodisc injection moulded labels (10, 11). Transatlantics from the early part of the Logo period were pressed by mainly pressed by Decca and were distributed by Selecta (12, 13) - the Brighouse & Rastrick Band single can be found in a variety of contract pressings (14). The last few Logo-era records, from 1978 onwards, were manufactured and distributed by RCA (15). Thanks to Robert Bowes for scans 10 and 15, and to Nicholas Hough for scan 3. Copyright 2006 Robert Lyons.	i don't know
What was the favourite food of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles?	The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' Favorite Pizzas, and More Fun Food Facts from the Franchise \| Epicurious.com \| Epicurious.com The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles' Favorite Pizzas, and More Fun Food Facts From the Franchise by Louise Hart on 08/04/14 at 02:45 PM Not a mutant and not a teenager. Photo: Shutterstock This Friday, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles , a live-action reboot starring Megan Fox as April O'Neil, hits theaters. It's hard to believe, but this year marks the 30th anniversary of these four juvenile anthropomorphic turtles. And food -- in particular, pizza -- has been an integral part of the TMNT franchise from inception (creators, Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird, often ate pizza while working on the cartoon). Here's a primer on all the important food facts you need to know before heading to see the latest TMNT film. Michelangelo loves pizza the most out the bunch, and in the Archie Comics and 1987 television series, the Turtles try a variety of toppings, including clams, tuna, sauerkraut, chocolate, ice cream, bananas, jelly beans and peanut butter. James Rolfe, a.k.a. Angry Video Game Nerd, conducts a " Michelangelo Pizza Taste Test " with friends (video above). Michelangelo's quote "peanut butter and clams is an acquired taste" may be the understatement of the century, but it wasn't the worst-tasting pizza the turtles tried; that might be butterscotch, onion, and anchovy pizza. Foodbeast managed to photograph 24 of the most disgusting TMNT pizza orders in a way that makes them only look semi-unappetizing. Butterscotch, onion, and anchovy is pictured, above. Fun fact: Turtle fans will have noticed that in the 2003 television series, the Turtles liked pizza as kids ("Attack of the Mousers" and "The Lesson"), whereas in the 2012 television series, the Turtles subsist upon algae and worms growing up in the sewers, and it isn't until Raphael scares a pizza delivery guy from Antonio's that they discover pizza proper. The Shredder is aware that pizzas are the Turtles' kryptonite and includes it in many of his plans to destroy them. Other pizza creations featured on TMNT include pizza noodle soup, p-shake (a combination of pizza and milkshake; pictured above), and pizza gyoza. Turtleholics will remember Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles cereal. Introduced in 1989, the cereal featured crunchie sweetened ninja "nets" (that looked suspiciously like Chex cereal pieces) and "ninja turtle" marshmallows; pizza-shaped marshmallows were added later. You can still buy the cereal boxes, magnets, and turtle bowls on eBay . In 1990, Hostess launched a Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle Pudding Pie with green sugar crust and vanilla pudding inside "fresh from the sewers to you." A Facebook group is trying to bring back the discontinued snack, and the Surfing Pizza blog tried to re-create them at home . Slightly more impressive than the 1987 TMNT portable pizza thrower (commercial above) is the Pizza Hut-sponsored pizza thrower. Capable of throwing cardboard pizzas 30 feet at up to 20 feet per second, it debuted at Comic Con . Pizza Hut also designed four cheesy bites pizzas "based upon the personalities of each Turtle": Michelangelo: pepperoni, smoked ham, pineapple, and jalepenos; Donatello: chicken, mushrooms, green peppers, Roma tomatoes; Leonardo: sweet red onions, black olives, green peppers, mushrooms; Raphael: pepperoni, sausage, bacon, and beef. Since their launch on July 7, Raphael's meat-heavy pizza has been the most popular . Cowabunga.	Pizza
Which of Henry VIII’s wives had twice been widowed when they married?	Teenage Mutant NInja Turtle Party Creative Birthday Party Food: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles January 13, 2013 Today’s party ideas are for Amber’s upcoming Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle Party. Do YOU have a kids birthday party coming up soon? Would you like some creative kid snack ideas for your party? Please let us know on Facebook ! I’d love to help you come up with some unique foods to serve! Tell me the theme, and let’s get creative together! …………………………………………………………. One of our Facebook friends, Amber, asked for some cute food ideas for her son’s upcoming Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles birthday party. I hadn’t realized that the beloved Ninjas had made a comeback and have lately become popular for the kids! In case you need a refresher, here they are! Following are some ideas for this Cowabunga-mazing party! 1) Serve PIZZA You have to have the turtles’ favorite dish as one of your main courses! 2) Donny’s drink Super easy to make and more festive than regular drinks, these turtle beverages are sure to get a comment or two from your guests. There’s even a cute little tie in the back. The best part? You can write the kids’ names on the construction paper mask once they are handed out! See how they are made HERE . 3) Ninja Turtle Party Apples These guys would be adorable to either serve along with all of the party food, or even to wrap up in cellophane and send home as little favors. See how they are made HERE . 4) Leonardo’s Sword Option 1: plain celery Option 2: peanut butter swords I found these tiny skewers at the dollar store. Slice celery, making some small and some long pieces. Slide a small piece horizontally down the skewer. Next, slide the long piece on vertically. They hold up and look just like a little sword! 5) Donatello’s Bo Pretzel rods look just like Donatello’s bo. If you wanted to jazz these up a bit, you could buy some peel-able Twizzlers and wrap some around the middle for the grip. 6) Turtle Shell cake (or Rice Krispy) pops A friend of mine got the above cake pan on amazon and made adorable cake-sickles for her girl’s birthday. We’ve all seen the round cake pops that look like a ball, but I had never seen one like this. For the TMNT party, make cake, rice krispy treats, brownies, or cookies in the pan and frost with buttercream frosting to look like a turtle shell. Use brown and green and make something like the following pattern: ( source ) Spread the brown frosting all over the surface first, then pipe the green frosting on in this pattern. Practice on a piece of wax paper first. You can even add some green or chocolate sprinkles over the top for some texture!	i don't know
In which magazine were the Sherlock Holmes stories first published?	The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes published - Oct 31, 1892 - HISTORY.com The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes published Share this: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes published Author The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes published URL Publisher A+E Networks On this day, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, by Arthur Conan Doyle, is published. The book was the first collection of Holmes stories, which Conan Doyle had been publishing in magazines since 1887. Conan Doyle was born in Scotland and studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, where he met Dr. Joseph Bell, a teacher with extraordinary deductive power. Bell partly inspired Doyle’s character Sherlock Holmes years later. After medical school, Conan Doyle moved to London, where his slow medical practice left him ample free time to write. His first Sherlock Holmes story, “A Study in Scarlet,” was published in Beeton’s Christmas Annual in 1887. Starting in 1891, a series of Holmes stories appeared in The Strand magazine, and Conan Doyle was able to give up his medical practice and devote himself to writing. Later collections include The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1894), The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1905), and The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes (1827). In 1902, Conan Doyle was knighted for his work with a field hospital in South Africa. In addition to dozens of Sherlock Holmes stories and several novels, Conan Doyle wrote history, pursued whaling, and engaged in many adventures and athletic endeavors. After his son died in World War I, Conan Doyle became a dedicated spiritualist. He died in 1930. Related Videos	Strand
In 2002, the statue of whom was given its first wash since 1873 at its Florence gallery?	Sherlock Holmes series by Arthur Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes series 201 works, 13 primary works Sherlock Holmes is a fictional consulting detective in London ~1880-1914 created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes, master of disguise, reasoned logically to deduce clients' background from their first appearance. He used fingerprints, chemical analysis, and forensic science. The majority of the stories were first published in The Strand Magazine accumulated to four novels and fifty-six short stories set 1880-1914. All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend Sherlock Holmes is a fictional consulting detective in London ~1880-1914 created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes, master of disguise, reasoned logically to deduce clients' background from their first appearance. He used fingerprints, chemical analysis, and forensic science. The majority of the stories were first published in The Strand Magazine accumulated to four novels and fifty-six short stories set 1880-1914. All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr John H. Watson; two are narrated by Holmes himself (The Blanched Soldier and The Lion's Mane) and two others are written in the third person (The Mazarin Stone and His Last Bow). In two stories (The Musgrave Ritual and The Gloria Scott), Holmes tells Watson the main story from his memories, while Watson becomes the narrator of the frame story. The first and fourth novels, A Study in Scarlet and The Valley of Fear, each include long omniscient narration of events unknown to Holmes or Watson. ...more	i don't know
Who played the part of Raquel in ‘Only Fools and Horses’?	Comedy - Only Fools and Horses - Raquel Only Fools and Horses Place: Hammersmith Tessa Peake-Jones Rachel (or "Raquel" as Del would say) first encountered Del via the Technomatch Matrimonial Agency in 1988. Although she told Del she was an actress the truth was soon to be revealed when she was booked to perform in the Nag's Head - as a stripagram. Despite this shakey start love soon blossomed between the pair and their offspring, Damien , was born in 1991 . Raquel remains a frustrated actress dreaming of major stardom. She once toured the US in a production of My Fair Lady - however her role was as a flower seller. Perhaps her greatest part was when she played a lizard person in Doctor Who . Tessa originally wanted to be a dancer and attended the Central School of Speech and Drama. On graduating she immediately got a part in Telford's Change - a 10 part series on BBC TWO . Subsequently she appeared in many drama serials before Only Fools - including Pride And Prejudice and Bergerac. [while giving birth] Don't you ever come near me again, Trotter!	Tessa Peake-Jones
In which 1976 film does Laurence Olivier play dentist Dr. Christian Szell?	TESSA PEAKE-JONES (RAQUEL) INTERVIEW FOR iFILM LONDON / ONLY FOOLS & HORSES CONVENTION 2011 - YouTube TESSA PEAKE-JONES (RAQUEL) INTERVIEW FOR iFILM LONDON / ONLY FOOLS & HORSES CONVENTION 2011 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Nov 13, 2011 iFilm London Productions presents an exclusive interview with Only Fools & Horses star Tessa Peake-Jones who played the character 'Raquel' in the hit sitcom. Kugan Cassius caught up with Tessa at the OFAH 30th anniversary convention 2011 which was held in Portsmouth. Category When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. Up next John Challis (BOYCIE) Interview for iFILM LONDON / ONLY FOOLS & HORSES CONVENTION 2011 - Duration: 6:07. iFL TV 7,433 views 6:07 Patrick Murray Interview with iFILM LONDON. - Duration: 3:08. iFL TV 12,174 views 3:08 GWYNETH STRONG (CASSANDRA) INTERVIEW FOR iFILM LONDON / ONLY FOOLS & HORSES CONVENTION 2011 - Duration: 2:54. iFL TV 27,065 views 2:54 David Beckham Stars In Only Fools And Horses Sport Relief Special 1080p - Duration: 10:13. Jack O' Neill 366,362 views 10:13 Paul Barber (DENZIL) Interview for iFILM LONDON / ONLY FOOLS & HORSES CONVENTION 2011 - Duration: 3:19. iFL TV 8,942 views 3:19 DEL BOY, RODNEY & UNCLE ALBERT (LOOKALIKES) INTERVIEW FOR iFILM LONDON / OFAH CONVENTION 2012 - Duration: 3:37. iFL TV 37,989 views 3:37 ROGER LLOYD-PACK (TRIGGER) INTERVIEW FOR iFILM LONDON / ONLY FOOLS & HORSES CONVENTION 2011 - Duration: 2:25. iFL TV 23,914 views 2:25	i don't know
Which Japanese island is missing – Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu, and …. ?	Overview of the Four Islands of Japan • Honshu Honshu is the largest island of Japan and it is where the majority of the country's cities are located ( maps ). The Tokyo Osaka-Kyoto area is the core Honshu and Japan and 25% of the island's population lives in the Tokyo region. Honshu has a total area of 88,017 square miles (227,962 sq km) and it is the world's seventh largest island. The island is 810 miles (1,300 km) long and it has a varied topography that includes many different mountain ranges, some of which are volcanic. The highest of these is the volcanic Mount Fuji at 12,388 feet (3,776 m). Like many areas of Japan, earthquakes are also common on Honshu. Honshu is divided into five regions and 34 prefectures . The regions are Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, Kansai and Chugoku. More » continue reading below our video 10 Facts About the Titanic That You Don't Know • Hokkaido Hokkaido is the second largest island of Japan with a total area of 32,221 square miles (83,453 sq km). The population of Hokkaido is 5,507,456 (October 2010 estimate) and the main city on the island is Sapporo, which is also the capital of Hokkaido Prefecture. Hokkaido is located to the north of Honshu and the two islands are separated by the Tsugaru Strait ( map ). The topography of Hokkaido consists of a mountainous volcanic plateau in its center that is surrounded by coastal plains. There are a number of active volcanoes on Hokkaido, the tallest of which is Asahidake at 7,510 feet (2,290 m). Since Hokkaido is located in northern Japan, it is known for its cold climate. Summers on the island are cool, while winters are snowy and icy. More » • Kyushu Kyushu is the third largest island of Japan and it is located to the south of Honshu ( map ). It has a total area of 13,761 square miles (35,640 sq km) and a 2006 population of 13,231,995 people. The largest city on Kyushu is Fukuoka and it is divided into seven prefectures. Kyushu's topography consists mainly of mountains and the most active volcano in Japan, Mt. Aso, is located on the island. In addition to Mt. Aso, there are also hot springs on Kyushu and the highest point on the island, Kuju-san at 5,866 feet (1,788 m) is also a volcano. Since it is in southern Japan, Kyushu has a subtropical climate and its inhabitants produce a variety of agricultural products. These include rice, tea, tobacco, sweet potatoes and soy. More » • Shikoku Shikoku is the smallest of Japan's main islands with a total area of 7,260 square miles (18,800 sq km). This area is made up of main island as well as the small islets surrounding it. It is located to the south of Honshu and to the east of Kyushu and has a population of 4,414,955 (2005 estimate) ( map ). The largest city of Shikoku is Matsuyama and the island is divided into four prefectures. Shikoku has a varied topography that consists of a mountainous south, while there are small lowland plains on the Pacific coast near Kochi. The highest point on Shikoku is Mount Ishizuchi at 6,503 feet (1,982 m). Like Kyushu, Shikoku has a subtropical climate and agriculture is practiced in its fertile coastal plains, while fruit is grown in the north. More »	Hokkaido
Which N. Wales town has a courthouse, built in 1614, a castle, and a disused jail?	Honshu Encyclopedia > Places > Asia > Japanese Political Geography Honshu Honshu (hōnˈshō) [ key ], island (1990 pop. 98,352,000), c.89,000 sq mi (230,510 sq km), central Japan. It is c.800 mi (1,290 km) long and from c.30 to 150 mi (50–240 km) wide and is the largest and most important island of Japan. It is separated from Hokkaido by the Tsugaru Strait, from Kyushu by Shimonoseki Strait, and from Shikoku by the Inland Sea. Honshu is predominantly mountainous, rising to 12,389 ft (3,776 m) at Mt. Fuji (the highest peak of Japan), and has many volcanoes. It has valuable forest, but a limited amount of arable land. Oil, zinc, and copper are found on the island. The Shinano, the longest river of Japan, traverses central Honshu. Most of the rivers of the island are short and swift, feeding many small hydroelectric plants. Earthquakes are common, and have at times been devastating (1923, 1995, 2011) in parts of the island. The climate of Honshu has a wide range from the north with its snowy winters to the subtropical south. Agriculture is varied; rice, other grains, cotton, fruits, and vegetables are grown. The bulk of Japan's tea and silk comes from Honshu. The population is concentrated in lowland areas. Most important of these is the Kanto or Kwanto Plain (c.5,000 sq mi/12,950 sq km) in the central part of the island; it contains the Tokyo-Yokohama industrial belt. Other large industrial regions include Osaka-Kobe (in the Kinki district), and Nagoya (on the Nobi Plain). Most of Japan's great ports are on Honshu. Kyoto, formerly the capital of Japan, is an ancient seat of culture and also the chief handicraft center of Honshu. Electronics, metallurgical, chemical, and textile industries are very important on the island, although the larger cities have diverse industries. Politically the island is divided into 34 prefectures. Japan has steadily increased the number of bridges and tunnels connecting Honshu with its other islands. Three new bridge systems have been built across the Inland Sea between Honshu and Shikoku, and the Seikan Tunnel (completed 1988) now connects Honshu with Hokkaido. The island was formerly sometimes called Hondo. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.	i don't know
Which planet takes the equivalent of 11.86 Earth years to orbit the sun?	How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? - Universe Today Universe Today How Long Is A Year On The Other Planets? Article Updated: 29 Jan , 2016 by Matt Williams Here on Earth, we to end to not give our measurements of time much thought. Unless we’re griping about Time Zones, enjoying the extra day of a Leap Year, or contemplating the rationality of Daylight Savings Time, we tend to take it all for granted. But when you consider the fact that increments like a year are entirely relative, dependent on a specific space and place, you begin to see how time really works. Here on Earth, we consider a year to be 365 days. Unless of course it’s a Leap Year, which takes place every four years (in which it is 366). But the actual definition of a year is the time it takes our planet to complete a single orbit around the Sun. So if you were to put yourself in another frame of reference – say, another planet – a year would work out to something else. Let’s see just how long a year is on the other planets, shall we? A Year On Mercury: To put it simply, Mercury has an orbital period of 88 days (87.969 to be exact), which means a single year is 88 Earth days – or the equivalent of about 0.241 Earth years. But here’s the thing. Because of Mercury’s slow rotation (once every 58.646 days) and its rapid orbital speed (47.362 km/s), one day on Mercury actually works out to 175.96 Earth days. MESSENGER maps of Mercury – a monochrome map at 250 m/pixel and an eight-color (left), 1-km/pixel color map. Small gaps will be filled in during the next solar day (right). Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University APL/Carnegie Institution of Washington So basically, a single year on Mercury is half as long as a Mercurian (aka. Hermian) day. This is due to Mercury being the closest planet to the Sun, ranging from 46,001,200 km at perihelion to 69,816,900 km at aphelion. At that distance, the planet shoots around the Sun faster than any other in our Solar System and has the shortest year. In the course of a year, Mercury experiences intense variations in surface temperature – ranging from 80 °K (-193.15 °C;-315.67 °F) to 700 °K (426.85 °C; 800.33 °F). However, this is due to the planet’s varying distance from the Sun and its spin, which subjects one side to extended periods of extremely hot temperatures and one side to extended periods of night. Mercury’s low axial tilt (0.034°) and its rapid orbital period means that there really is no seasonal variation on Mercury. Basically, one part of the year is as hellishly hot, or horribly cold, as any other. A Year On Venus: The second closest planet to our Sun, Venus completes a single orbit once ever 224.7 days. This means that a single year on Venus works out to about 0.6152 Earth years. But, once again, things are complicated by the fact that Venus has an unusual rotation period. In fact, Venus takes 243 Earth days to rotate once on its axis – the slowest rotation of any planet – and its rotation is retrograde to its orbital path. The planet Venus, as imagined by the Magellan 10 mission. Credit: NASA/JPL Combined with its orbital period, this means that a single solar day on Venus (the time between one sunup to the next) is 117 Earth days. So basically, a single year on Venus is lasts 1.92 Venusian (aka. Cytherean) days. Again, this would make for some confusing time-cycles for any humans trying to make a go of it on Venus! Also, Venus has a very small axial tilt – 3° compared to Earth’s 23.5° – and its proximity to the Sun makes for a much shorter seasonal cycle – 55-58 days compared to Earth’s 90-93 days. Add to that its unusual day-night cycle, variations are very slight. In fact, the temperate on Venus is almost always a brutal 736 K (463 °C ; 865 degrees °F), which is hot enough to melt lead! A Year On Earth: Comparatively speaking, a year on Earth is pretty predictable, which is probably one of the reasons why life is able to thrive here. In short, our planet takes 365.2564 solar days to complete a single orbit of the Sun, which is why we add an extra day to the calendar every four years (i.e. a Leap Year, which 2016 happens to be). But because our axis is tilted, there is considerable variation in the seasons during the course of a year. During the winter, when one hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun, the Sun’s distance from the equator changes by up to 23.5°. As a result, between the summer and winter, the length of days and nights, temperatures, and seasons will go through significant changes. Above the Arctic Circle, an extreme case is reached where there is no daylight at all for part of the year – up to six months at the North Pole itself, in what is known as a “polar night”. In the southern hemisphere the situation is exactly reversed, with the South Pole experiencing a midnight sun, a day of 24 hours, again reversing with the South Pole. Every six months, the order of this is reversed. A Year On Mars: Mars has one of the highest eccentricities of any planet in the Solar System, ranging from 206,700,000 km at perihelion and 249,200,000 km at aphelion. This large variation and its greater distance from the Sun, leads to a rather long year. Basically, Mars takes the equivalent of 687 (Earth) days to complete a single orbit around the Sun, which works out to to 1.8809 Earth years, or 1 year, 320 days, and 18.2 hours. On the other hand, Mars has a rotation period that is very similar to Earth’s – 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds. So while the days on Mars are only slightly longer, the seasons are generally twice as long. But this is mitigated by the fact that seasonal changes are far greater on Mars, owing to its eccentricity and greater axial tilt (25.19°). During the winter, the global atmospheric pressure on Mars is 25% lower than during summer. This is due to temperature variations and the complex exchange of carbon dioxide between the Martian dry-ice polar caps and its CO2 atmosphere. As a result, Martian seasons vary greatly in duration than those on Earth, change roughly every six months, and do not start on the same Earth day every Martian year. Mars 2001 Global Dust Storm, as captured by the Hubble Space Telescope. Credit: NASA/J. Bell (Cornell)/M. Wolff (SSI)/Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) A Year On Jupiter: Jupiter is another interesting case. Whereas the gas giant only takes 9 hours 55 minutes and 30 seconds to rotate once on its axis, it also takes alson 11.8618 Earth years to complete an orbit around the Sun. This means that a year on Jupiter is not only the equivalent of 4,332.59 Earth days, but 10,475.8 Jovian days. That’s a lot of sunrises! Much like Venus, Jupiter has an axial tilt of only 3 degrees, so there is literally no seasonal variation between the hemispheres. In addition, temperature variations are due to chemical compositions and depths rather than seasonal cycles. So while it does have “seasons”, which change very slowly due to its distance from the Sun – each season lasts 3 years – they are not similar to what terrestrial planets experience. A Year On Saturn: Much like its fellow gas giant Jupiter, Saturn takes it time completing a single orbit of the Sun, but rotates on its axis very rapidly. All told, a year on the planet lasts the equivalent of 10,759 Earth days (or about 29 1?2 years). But since it only takes 10 hours, and 33 minutes to complete a single rotation on its axis, a year on Saturn works out to 24,491.07 Saturnian (aka. Cronian) days. This portrait looking down on Saturn and its rings was created from images obtained by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft on Oct. 10, 2013. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute/G. Ugarkovic Due to its axial tilt of almost 27 degrees (slightly more than Mars), Saturn experiences some rather long seasonal changes. But due to it being a gas giant, this does not result in variations in temperature. Combined with its distance from the Sun (at an average distance of 1,429.39 million km or 9.5 AU), a single season lasts more than seven years. A Year On Uranus: Uranus has some of the strangest annual and seasonal variations of any planet in the Solar System. For one, the gas/ice giant takes about 84 Earth years (or 30,688.5 Earth days) to rotate once around the Sun. But since the planet takes 17 hours, 14 minutes and 24 seconds to complete a single rotation on its axis, a year on Uranus lasts 42,718 Uranian days. However, this is confounded due to Uranus’ axial tilt, which is inclined at 97.77° towards the Sun. This results in seasonal changes that are quite extreme, and unique to Uranus. In short, when one hemisphere is pointed towards the Sun (i.e. in summer), it will experience 42 years of continuous light. In winter, the situation is reversed, with this same hemisphere experiencing 42 years of continuous darkness. A Year On Neptune: Given its distance from the Sun, Neptune has the longest orbital period of any planet in the Solar System. As such, a year on Neptune is the longest of any planet, lasting the equivalent of 164.8 years (or 60,182 Earth days). But since Neptune also takes comparatively little time to rotate once on its axis (16 hours, 6 minutes and 36 seconds), a single year lasts a staggering 89,666 Neptunian days. Reconstruction of Voyager 2 images showing the Great Black spot (top left), Scooter (middle), and the Small Black Spot (lower right). Credit: NASA/JPL What’s more, with an axial tilt close to Earth and Mars’ (28.5 degrees), there is some seasonal variation on the planet. Essentially, a single season lasts more than 40 years. But like all gas/ice giants, this does not result in noticeable temperature variations.	Jupiter
A deciduous tree of the genus Betula is more commonly known as what?	Astronomy 101: Homework Instructions so Neptune has not yet completed one orbit since it was discovered (0.94 orbits) Pluto: 2001 - 1931 = 70 year orbital period = 247.7 years so Pluto has completed barely 1/4 of its orbit (0.28) 2. Ceres has an orbital semi-major axis = 2.768 AU, orbits the sun, and has a diameter = 925 km and mass about 1/30th that of the mass of the Moon. What is Ceres' orbital period? Is it at or near a "resonance" with Jupiter? Defend your answer to the following question: should Ceres be considered a planet? From Kepler's 3rd law, P2=a3, we immediately have P2= (2.768)3. Solving this for P, we find P = 4.61 years. Jupiter's orbital period is 11.86 years. Thus, Jupiter's period divided by Ceres' period is PJupiter/PCeres = 11.86/4.61 = 2.57. If Ceres were near a "resonance," this ratio would be equal to a small integer (2, 3, 4) or a ratio of small integers (5/2 = 2.5, 4/3 = 1.33, 3/2 = 1.5). So Ceres is not at a resonance orbit (this is why its orbit is stable). Ceres meets all the criteria we have established for planethood (1. big enough, 2. not too big, 3. primary orbit around a star). So, applying the same arguments that are applied to Pluto, either both or neither are planets. Ceres is the biggest object in the asteroid belt while Pluto is the biggest object in the Kuiper belt. 3. About 100 tons of meteoritic material rain down onto Earth's surface every day! [1 ton = 2000 pounds = 900 kilograms] Does this represent a noticeable increase in Earth's mass over the 4.5 billion year lifetime of Earth? [I'll define "noticeable" as a change of more than 0.01% of the mass of the Earth.] If 100 tons fall on Earth in one day, we must first convert from tons to gm units and then determine how much falls in one year. Then we multiply by the number of years since Earth formed: mass/day= 100 tons/day x 900 kg/ton = 90,000 kg/day mass/year = 90,000 kg/day x 365 days/yr = 3.3 x 107 kg/yr mass/Earth-history = 3.3 x 107 kg/year x 4.5 x 109 yr = 1.5 x 1017 kg How does this compare to the mass of the Earth? M_Earth = 5.97 x 1024 kg, so: total fractional mass over Earth's history = (1.5 x 1017 kg) / (5.97 x 1024 kg/Earth) = 2.5 x 10-8 Earths. since 0.01% is 1/100th of 1%, or 0.0001=10-4 of the total amount, and since our final answer is 2,500 times smaller than 10^-4, we would judge that meteoritic dust has not added a significant amount of mass to the Earth even over 4.5 Billion years and at the rate of 100 tons per day! 4. What is an apollo asteroid? Describe at least two different reasons why these objects are important? Apollo asteroids are "earch crossing asteroids." That is, they have orbits that take them both further from and closer to the Sun that is the Earth. Technically, they have orbits with semi-major axes greater than or equal to 1 AU and minimum distances from the Sun (perihelion distances) that are less than 1.017 AU (which is the greatest distance the Earth ever gets from the Sun). Apollos thus are obvious candidates for coming near and/or colliding with the Earth Importance? ... asteroids that could hit the Earth (and perhaps cause physical and biological damage) are, by definition, Apollos asteroids ... since meteorites hit the Earth, meteorites are little (or little fragments of) Apollos ... should we get into the space manufacturing business or simply need a good source of raw materials (iron, iridium, titanium, carbon), the easiest asteroids to mine are those that come to us (i.e., Apollos) 5. Here's an example: Centaur 2001 BL41 has a semi-major axis = 10.071 and an eccentricity e=0.267. From our formula, we find dminimum= a(1-e) = 10.071 x (0.733) = 7.382 AU and dmaximum= a(1+e) = 10.071 x (1.267) =12.760 AU. This object crosses Saturn's orbit (a = 9.538 AU) [see Appendix 7 for orbital data for planets] but no other planet's orbit. 6. The object with the smallest value of "H" is the brightest, and therefore presumably the biggest Centaur. The one I found that is brighest is 1999 DE9, which has H = 4.9. This object falls close to the diameter of 260 km, given for an object with H =5.0. It must be a big bigger than this, as it would have a diameter of 330 km if H = 4.5. Therefore, we could reasonably conclude that this object has a size in the range 260-330 km, and falls close to the small end of this range. We find the largest and smallerst TNOs in the same way. Two TNOs have H = 4.5 (1996 TO66 and 2001 CZ31). These objects have sizes of approximately 330 km. The smallest TNO would be the one with the largest value of H. This would be 1999 DA8, with H = 12.4. This TNO must have a size of approximately 8 km in diameter. We are limited in our ability to find smaller TNOs because small is equivalent to faint. To find a faint object, that object either needs to be very nearby or we need a big telescope with a very sensitive camera (or detector system). To find fainter ones, I could (in principle) build a bigger telescope (to collect more light and thereby see fainter objects) or build a more senstive detector system (less noise, more efficient). I might also consider putting my telescope on the highest possible mountain, or out in space, so that limiations caused by looking through Earth's atmosphere are minimized or eliminated.	i don't know
Where on the human body would you locate the carpal bones?	Carpal bones \| Wrist bones Carpal bones \| Wrist bones Carpal bones Introduction: Bones of the wrist are called carpal bones. They are small bones, 8 in number that make synovial joints with each other and thus add to the mobility of human hand. The carpal bones are arranged in two rows: First (Proximal) Row: The first or proximal row is made of: (from radial to ulnar side) Scaphoid The second or distal row is made of: (from radial to ulnar side) Trapezium Carpal bones of Proximal row: Scaphoid: The scaphoid is the largest and the most lateral bone of the first row. Lunate: Named because of its deeply excavated form, the lunate lies between the scaphoid on the lateral side and the triquetral on the medial side. Triquetral (Cuneiform): This bone may be recognized by the small oval or circular facet for the pisiform on its anterior surface. The bone is placed obliquely, so that its surfaces cannot be accurately described as distal, proximal, etc. It is attached to Lunate on the lateral side and pisiform of the antero-medial side. Pisiform: About the size and shape of a large pea, the pisiform bone rests on the anterior surface of the triquetral, with which it articulates by an oval or circular facet on its dorsal aspect. Carpal Bones of Distal row: Trapezium: The trapezium is the most lateral bone of the distal row of the carpus. It may be readily recognized by the oval saddle-shaped facet on its distal surface for articulation with the metacarpal bone of the thumb. Trapezoid Bone: With the exception of the pisiform, the Trapezoid is the smallest of the carpal bones. Its rough anterior surface is small and pentagonal in outline. Capitate: This is the largest of the carpal bones. Its anterior surface is rough and rounded. The proximal portion of the bone forms the head, and is furnished with convex articular facets which fit into the hollows on the medial surface of the scaphoid and distal surface of the lunate. Hamate: The hamate can be readily distinguished by the hook-like process (hamulus) which projects from the distal and medial aspect of its anterior surface. The Carpus as a whole: When the carpal bones are articulated together they form a bony mass, the dorsal surface of which is convex from side to side. Anteriorly they present a grooved appearance, concave from side to side. This arrangement is further emphasized by the forward projection, on the medial side, of the pisiform and hamate, while laterally the tuberosity of the scaphoid and the ridge of the trapezius help to deepen the furrow by their elevation. To these four points the transverse carpal ligament is attached, which stretches across from side to side, and thus converts the furrow into a canal. Ossification of Carpal bones: At birth the carpus is entirely cartilaginous. Different bones of the carpus take different length of time to ossify. The following data shows the time taken by each bone to ossify. Capitate = 11 to 12 months Hamate = 12 to 14 months Triquetral = 3 years Lunate = 5 to 6 years Traprzium = 6 years Trapezoid = 6 to 7 years Pisiform = 10 to 12 years Share this page:	Wrist
Pat Nevin was a favourite at which London association football club in the 1980s?	bones of the human body – ScienceUnraveled.com bones of the human body Illustration of Location of Bones in Human Body The bones of the human body make up the skeletal system. In humans and all vertebrates the skeletal system is an endoskeleton, meaning within the body rather than an exoskeleton seen in insects or arthropods.An adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. To better understand the human skeleton the bones are divided into axial and appendicular. The axial skeleton forms the trunk and skull of the body while the appendicular skeleton forms the internal support of both the upper and lower extremities. The next few tables and images should better illustrate the different bones of the human body. Axial Skeleton 2 Coxae 2 The total number of bones in the appendicular skeleton is 126 bones. The arms in the human body are composed of two humeri, two radial bones, two ulnae, sixteen carpals, seven metacarpals, and 28 phalanges. The wrist is composed by the eight meta carpal bones. The row of bones closer to the heart are the proximal row and contain the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, and pisiform. The row of bones in the wrist farther from the heart is the distal row composed of the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. The legs also have 60 bones, each composed of a femur, patella, tibia, seven tarsals, ten metatarsals, fourteen phalanges. The foot is composed of the seven tarsal bones: the talus, navicular, cuboid, calcaneus, and three cuneiform bones. Both the fingers and toes are referred to as digits. Each finger and toe contains three phalanges, except the thumb and big two which are composed of two. The arms are connected to the axial skeleton by the pectoral girdle which is composed of two clavicles and two scapulae. The legs are attached to the axial skeleton via the pelvic girdle where the thigh bone (femur) joins at the acetabular fossa of the coxal bone. Each of the coxal bones are are formed from the fusion of the ilium, pubis, and ischium. This breakdown of the human skeleton should help to visualize the location of the specific bones.	i don't know
In a 2014 Classic FM poll, which Vaughan Williams piece was voted the UK’s favourite?	Lark Ascending tops classical poll - Telegraph Music Lark Ascending tops classical poll The Lark Ascending by Ralph Vaughan Williams is voted the nation's favourite classical tune in a Classic FM poll British composer Ralph Vaughan Williams By Agencies 10:00AM BST 21 Apr 2014 Ralph Vaughan Williams's The Lark Ascending has been voted Britain's favourite piece of classical music in a poll of more than 100,000 people. The composition - written in its earliest form exactly a century ago - toppled Rachmaninov's Piano Concerto No 2, which had reigned for three years in the annual Classic FM Hall Of Fame list . The Lark Ascending last topped the poll in 2010 and three years ago it was named the nation's favourite Desert Island Discs tune . British composer Vaughan Williams was inspired by a poem of the same name by George Meredith and his first version for violin and piano was written in 1914. Some six years later he completed the more familiar orchestral version. It found a wide audience recently when it was played as Coronation Street's Hayley Cropper, played by Julie Hesmondhalgh, took a lethal cocktail following a battle with cancer on the ITV soap. It was the long-standing character's favourite piece of music. Related Articles The Lark ascends to top of poll 12 Jun 2011 The Classic FM Hall Of Fame list features a strong showing for orchestral music used in video games, with two entries in the top 20. The station began to broadcast game soundtracks regularly last year, thought to have help boost its profile among a younger audience. The music for the Final Fantasy series, written by Japanese composer Nobuo Uematsu, was the highest video game at number seven, while The Elder Scrolls Series, composed by Jeremy Soule, was 17. Mozart achieved the most entries in the chart with 22 entries in the overall top 300 - up from 19 last year - with his Clarinet Concerto at number five proving his most popular . Classic FM presenter John Suchet said: ''Exactly 100 years after Vaughan Williams composed The Lark Ascending, its poignancy and beauty are as powerful as ever.'' The station is releasing an album featuring many of the most popular pieces and the full top 300 - which was being counted down over the Easter weekend - will be at classicfm.com. The Classic FM Hall of Fame 2014 top 20 1. Vaughan Williams - The Lark Ascending 2. Rachmaninov - Piano Concerto No 2 3. Vaughan Williams - Fantasia On A Theme by Thomas Tallis 4. Beethoven - Piano Concerto No 5 (''Emperor'') 5. Mozart - Clarinet Concerto 6. Elgar - Enigma Variations (includes Nimrod) 7. Uematsu - Final Fantasy Series (soundtrack) 8. Beethoven - Symphony No 6 (''Pastoral'') 9. Allegri - Miserere 10. Beethoven - Symphony No 9 (''Choral'') 11. Elgar - Cello Concerto 12. Jenkins - The Armed Man: A Mass For Peace 13. Bruch - Violin Concerto No 1 14. Holst - The Planets 15. Barber - Adagio For Strings 16. Tchaikovsky - 1812 Overture 17. Soule - The Elder Scrolls Series (Soundtrack) 18. Pachelbel - Canon	The Lark Ascending
What number Beethoven symphony includes ‘Ode to Joy’ in its final movement?	Leith Hill Place celebrates as The Lark Ascending is voted nation’s favourite classical tune - Places - Surrey Leith Hill Place celebrates as The Lark Ascending is voted nation’s favourite classical tune 12:16 24 April 2014 National Trust chairman Sir Simon Jenkins with Leith Hill Place’s Gabrielle Gale Archant The childhood home of composer Ralph Vaughan Williams, Leith Hill Place, near Dorking, opened to the public for the first time in 40 years last year, winning the National Trust chairman’s Bringing Places to Life Award. Email this article to a friend To send a link to this page you must be logged in. Set to open for a new season with a summer recital series, the property is again celebrating as Vaughan Williams’ The Lark Ascending has been named the nation’s favourite classical tune by a Classic FM poll. “Ralph Vaughan Williams was one of the greatest English composers and we are delighted about the poll results,” says Gabrielle Gale, visitor operations manager. “Leith Hill Place is high up on a hillside with sweeping views and gives a real sense that it was a landscape that inspired the young composer.” This year is the 100th anniversary of the composition of The Lark Ascending and this summer Leith Hill Place will have a recital series which includes two concerts featuring this piece played in its original version for violin and piano. ‘’Exactly 100 years after Vaughan Williams composed The Lark Ascending, its poignancy and beauty are as powerful as ever,” says Classic FM presenter John Suchet. Gifted to the National Trust in 1944 by Ralph Vaughan Williams himself, Leith Hill Place was a Wedgwood family home. Vaughan Williams’ mother was one of the famous pottery family and Charles Darwin was a relation and frequent visitor. • For more information, visit www.nationaltrust.org.uk/leith-hillevents ***	i don't know
What was the first forename of the German composer Herr Orff?	Biographies of Carl Orff Composers Highest Rated Carl Orff ( 1895 - 1982 ) Category ( Composers ) [ suggest a correction ] Carl Orff was a twentieth-century German composer, most famous for his stirring interpretation of the Medieval German manuscript, Carmina Burana. One portion of that work, entitled "O Fortuna" remains popular with Hollywood moviemakers who have used it as a way to build suspense in a movie's soundtrack. He was also prominent in the field of music education. Born in Munich, Orff came from a Bavarian family that was very active in the military. According to family tradition, his father's regimental band often played the young Orff's early compositions. Orff studied at the Munich Academy of Music until the start of the first World War in 1914. He served in the military during the war, and then held various positions at German opera houses. Later he returned to Munich to resume his music studies. In 1925, and for the remainder of his life, Orff was the head of a department and co-founder of the Guenther School for gymnastics, music, and dance in Munich. He enjoyed encouraging a love and appreciation of music in children, and it was at the school that he developed his theories in music education. Orff's efforts in music education are best exemplified in his "Schulwerk," translated into English as "Music for Children." Providing a simple musical instrumentation, even untutored child musicians could perform the piece with relative ease. "Schulwerk" music is intentionally elemental and combines movement, singing, playing, and improvisation. His Carmina Burana premiered in Frankfurt in 1937 and was hugely popular with the Nazi movement. Scholars continue to debate Orff's association with the Nazi party, but nothing has been proven. What is known is that he was a close personal friend of Kurt Huber, one of the founders of the German resistance movement. Orff later claimed that he was a member of that same group, though there is no other evidence for this. Orff died at the age of 86 and is buried in Munich. Image: Carl Orff	Carl
In 1978, who released her debut album ‘The Kick Inside’?	Music in Naziland by Dana Mack - The New Criterion Music in Naziland by Dana Mack Books A review of Musik im NS-Staat by Fred K. Prieberg. Share Share Until now, the subject of Nazi cultural policy and its effect upon German musical life has been relatively ignored. The reasons are obvious: there have been international repu tations to protect, and there has been a general reluctance to endanger the high regard in which German musical life has been held for two hundred and more years. But recently a German musicologist has published a book that attempts to correct this historical amnesia. In Musik im NS-Staat, [1] Fred K. Prieberg has brought into focus both the methods and the results of the Nazis’ attempt to wed music to totalitarian politics. Prieberg, who is the author of several publications dealing with the theme of Musikpolitik, is no stranger to the consideration of musical life under totalitarianism. Among his past works are studies entitled Musik in der Sowjetunion (1965) and Musik im anderen Deutschland (1967). His new work, the product of twenty years of source gathering, is based on 329 interviews and letters and research in 192 archives. It has received considerable attention in Germany and Austria. The Nazis came to power at a time when German musical life was particularly rich. Interwar Germany enjoyed the talents of such native composers as Richard Strauss, Paul Hindemith, Kurt Weill, Carl Orff, and Hans Pfitzner; and it attracted such Austrians as Arnold Schoenberg and Franz Schreker. German concert life, graced by such performers as Otto von Klemperer, Bruno Walter, and Erich Kleiber, was the most envied in Europe, and extended from the great opera houses of Berlin and Frankfurt-am-Main to the modern music festivals of Baden-Baden and Donaueschingen. Most important, Weimar Germany boasted a cosmopolitan audience unsurpassed in cultural sophistication. Yet the musical culture of interwar Germany was not without its problems. First inflation and then depression affected the economic prosperity of concert life. The rapid rise of political and social anti-Semitism permeated the cultural arena where so many Jews had achieved prominence. In a purely aesthetic area, large sections of the audience and even of the professional community were vocal in their hostility toward the avant-garde music increasingly thrust upon them in German concert halls and opera houses and on German radio. Into this situation entered Hitler and the Nazis in January of 1933. The Nazis soon set about coordinating every aspect of German life under the direction and management of the state—a process which they called Gleichschaltung: literally, “putting into the same gear.” As Prieberg shows, the overriding initial aim of Nazi musical policy was Entjudung, the removal of Jews and their music from German concert halls and academic institutions. But Entjudung was not all the Nazis had in mind; the process of Gleichschaltung did not end with the dismissal of Jews from musical posts and the blacklisting of Jewish composers’ music. The Nazis lost no time in establishing administrative institutions designed to integrate German music and musicians for the purposes of the National Socialist state. The chief of these institutions was the Reicbsmusikkamnier (State Music Chamber), a division of Josef Goebbels’ Reichsmusikkammer. Policies initiated on behalf of the Musikkammer were meant to be official government policies. As such, they radiated to provinces, towns, and villages where the regime built a hierarchically organized bureaucracy which busied itself with concerns ranging from concert management and musical repertoire to the choosing of artistic personnel, the setting of salaries, and the establishment of ensembles and schools. Private performing institutions thus lost their independence and musicians were induced into Party membership under the threat of losing their livelihood. The state, which had long played a prominent role as a patron of music, now began to assume a ubiquitous presence. One effect of the regime’s bureaucratic intrusions upon musical life was to increase the quantity of music being performed. Through the proliferation of government-sponsored festivals, competitions, stipends, commissions, music conservatories, and symphony orchestras (some of them uniformed), the state satisfied the demand from some German musicians for both bread and art. According to Prieberg, in June of 1933 from 43 to 46 percent of those professionally engaged in music were unemployed, as compared with a general unemployment figure of 28.9 percent; by 1936, however, the number of unemployed musicians had decreased from 23,889 to 14,547. And better times were still to come for the employment prospects of German musicians, with the war and its demands on the male population. It might be assumed that only a monolithic administration could have been responsible for the musical plentitude which Hitler’s regime supported in the Thirties. Indeed, in the context of Hitler’s racial, aesthetic, and national stands, one would expect the regime to have laid thorough cultural siege to Jews, modernists, and non-German music and musicians, all of which the Nazis claimed had unfairly profited during the Weimar years. In reality, the Nazis were far from being so consistent. To judge from Prieberg’s account, the official Nazi music administration was without a coherent policy; in its place were the random workings of a bureaucracy in which personal whim and considerations of political advantage held sway. For example, Prieberg shows that Goering protected selected Jewish musicians, among them the renowned Berlin opera conductor Leo Blech. Anton Webern, frequently attacked as a cultural bolshevist and a decadent, received a small subsidy from the government because, in the words of a functionary, “even if [Webern] was a Social Democrat before the revolution . .. he is ... politically now not suspect.” (Webern’s son-in-law was a Nazi storm trooper.) Stravinsky’s works were tolerated until February of 1940, when he was finally blacklisted—not because he was modern, or even because he was Slavic, but because he was discovered to be a French and not a Soviet citizen. The most frequently performed opera in Germany during the Nazi era was, by popular demand, Puccini’s Tosca; by comparison, the operas of Hitler’s adored Wagner fared rather badly. Prieberg’s account of composer Paul Hindemith’s problems with the regime provides some deeper insight into the character of the Nazi music administration. For several years, the regime’s official attitude toward Hindemith was cautious. Though as a modernist Hindemith had his enemies within the Nazi Party, his world stature made him a political asset. As early as November 1933, Hindemith had participated, as a member of the executive council of the Guild of German Composers, in the work of the Reichsmusikkammer. But his official position did not ensure his invulnerability to persecution. This was immediately apparent in the fall of 1934, when the projected Berlin premiere of his opera, Mathis der Maler, was canceled on orders from none other than the Führer himself. The conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler attempted to reverse this decision, first by publishing an open letter in defense of Hindemith’s music in the November 25 edition of the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung and then by resigning the next week his posts as musical director of the Staatsoper and Berlin Philharmonic and his position as Vice-President of the Reichsmusikkammer. But Furtwängler’s sacrifices came to nothing. Hitler, who had been offended by the bubble-bath scene in a 1929 Berlin production of Hindemith’s Neues vom Tage, harbored a deep-seated aversion to the composer. And Goebbels, who until then had been an outspoken supporter of Hindemith in Party circles, perceived that the affair might affect the prestige of his cultural empire: the public was taking Furtwängler’s side and the majority of the Party, Hitler’s. Scrambling to assert the power of the state over cultural matters and to secure the good will of the Führer, Goebbels delivered a speech on December 6 in which he deprecated Hindemith’s work with specific reference to the “obscene” and “kitsch” scene in Neues vom Tage that had so troubled Hitler. It is not clear from Prieberg’s discussion when or why the regime at last categorically prohibited the performance of Hindemith. Probably the final decision was made following Hindemith’s emigration in 1938. One thing is certain: by 194; his music was un-performable. That year, the director of the Linz Bruckner Konservatorium lost his job for programming Hindemith works in a June concert, and was even threatened with being sent to a concentration camp for his crimes. That the regime’s musical decisions could not be attributed to ideological consistency was a fact not lost on many enthusiastic Party members within the musical cornmunity. Some of the most interesting revelations of Prieberg’s work concern the unwelcome pressures that these zealots exerted upon a government that seemed much more tolerant than their standards of ideological purity would allow. Take, for example, the Entjudung of cultural life. There were those who would not be satisfied with the mere removal of Jews and their compositions from the concert hall. Inspired by the Party’s leading ideologist and cultural expert, Alfred Rosenberg, these enthusiasts produced and commissioned new texts for those Handel oratorios written on Old Testament themes. One favorite, bearing the suspect name “Judas Maccabeus,” was often reworked, reappearing in several guises, among them, Battle and Victory Song of the Fatherland, Hero-Folk, and Freedom Oratorio. There were even efforts to re-set those Mozart operas whose texts had been written by the Jewish-born Lorenzo da Ponte. Despite protests from Goebbels, such scrupulosity could not easily be stopped. Finally, in 1940, the state brought these deviations under control through the establishment of yet another special government office. In the battle against modernism, it was again not the state but rather enthusiastic Party members who took the initiative. Their argument was, of course, that modern music was a product of “Jewish influence.” An officially sanctioned performance of Alban Berg’s Lulu-Symphonie, conducted in November of 1934 by Erich Kleiber, the General Music Director of the Berlin State Opera, provoked severe reactions from the press. Prieberg quotes a fanatic music critic: An ungratifying, in part abominably atonal music, with saxophone and vibraphone, with “movie music” and other outdated forms. An enraged member of the audience shouted, “Heil, Mozart!” Opposition was stifled by the hooting and clapping of the Kleiber-clique, in which the Jewish element is conspicuous. Perhaps the strongest anti-modern force in the Nazi era was Rosenberg’s NS Kultur-Gemeinde (National Socialist Cultural Association), the most significant of the Party’s apparati. Its musical activities included not only the staging of concerts and opera, the building of musical ensembles, and the arranging of boycotts, but the issuing of commissions, the printing of scores, and the making of records. In 1935, the Danish twelve-tone composer Paul von Klenau, disappointed with the way the audience received his work, wrote to Friedrich W. Herzog, editor of the influential NSKG journal, Die Musik, protesting the critic’s statement that Klenau’s opera Michael Kohlhaas was a “rancid swamp”: I start from the assumption that you knew I was once married to a Jewess. However, I have been separated from her for nine years now, and correspond neither with her nor with her family. Please do not compel me to speak of this bitter episode. You know my position on the racial question. Klenau was actually in no danger of being blacklisted by the Reichsmusikkammer, where Goebbels, the arch-enemy of Rosenberg, tended to accommodate some of the demands upon the government that came from avant-gardists in the Hitler-Jugend. In fact, Klenau’s work was generally praised by the press, and he enjoyed no less than three opera premieres between 1933 and 1939. Still, support from the NSKG unforthcoming, he.played it safe. He took to claiming that his compositional style was not really twelve-tone at all but rather a “totalitarian system” of twelve tones inspired by “Tristan harmony.” That the Nazi regime resisted Party pressures and allowed a certain amount of modern music to penetrate concert life was not simply a result of political machinations. It was also an indication of the poverty of Nazi ideology, which, as Prieberg shows, proved unable to provide an aesthetic theory to justify the regime’s music policies. In fact, Nazi ideology was actually a powerful obstacle to any fruitful thought on the subject of aesthetics. The obsession with race, for instance, led many loyal musicologists to attempt a definition of the racial foundation of the German musical classics. In this way they thought to stigmatize the supposedly Jewish characteristics of Mendelssohn’s music and, further, to establish a basis for the aesthetic of the “New Order.” The intellectual dead-ends reached here were discouraging. Even more discouraging must have been the knotty problems that emerged in discussions about the future of “National Socialist” music. One thinker solved these problems with this declaration: … young composers should not forget that in the struggle for a national revolution in music one must take for a model... political National Socialism, which precisely because it is national, is also socialist. This means that as revolutionary musicians they can create new music, as national musicians only German music, but as socialist musicians they must make a beginning—a music which every capable and willing German ear, though it be unschooled and uncultivated, can pick up. This statement captures the essence of the regime’s dilemma in the active sponsoring of new music. It is not surprising that the government’s main goal in this area was to reach the masses through kitsch, a superficial music based on familiar styles. But such admissions of ideological impotency—and there were many—also explain the increasingly confused politicization of culture that marked the regime’s wartime initiatives. Laboring still under the conviction that music must reflect the state, Nazi music administrators paid heed to the war cries of Hitler’s army, blacklisting music, both contemporary and past, that was written by nationals of enemy or conquered nations. By 1942, this rash of blacklisting had excised from the repertory most French, Russian, English, and American music. And even where the blacklisting had not yet occurred, the Nazis had no qualms about demonstrating their fears that enemy-alien music was subversive: a Czech music critic was stomped to death by Gestapo officials for praising Smetana’s Má Vlast (My Fatherland) following a Prague performance near the end of the war. Indeed, so much music was removed in one way or another from circulation that it might be surmised that had Italy not been a Nazi ally, German opera houses would have had to close even before the massive Allied bombing raids. Some attempts were made, of course, to save a few of music’s greatest names from blacklisting. There was a great deal of tedious genealogical research done to prove Chopin’s and César Franck’s Aryan ancestry. And the regime took a much more liberal stand toward the repertoire in occupied France, where encouraging collaboration was the order of the day. But all such initiatives did was to underscore the vulgarity of the regime’s attitude to cultural affairs. Indeed, Goebbels himself did not shrink from candidly displaying his own inability to appreciate serious music. Though the Minister of Propaganda addressed the opening of the Brichskulturkammer, in 1933, by saying “we have in mind an ideal: the marriage of a heroic conception of life with the eternal laws of art,” he made sure that Germany’s soldiers and civilians were sent to their deaths with an increasing amount of military marches and Unterhaltungsmusik (entertainment music). In June of 1941, Goebbels publicly answered criticism by defenders of serious music of the state’s lowbrow radio programming: We do not want to gain the reputation of seeking to impair the high standing of Germany’s musical culture. We also know the value of a serious concert, or even of a great opera. That we must dispense with these things because in wartime we lack the time, the rest and the inclination, is for us, too, a renunciation. After the war, both serious music and entertainment music will, in sufficient measure, have their chance on German radio. This statement was made to a nation that had produced Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, and Brahms, whose intellectuals had long hailed music as the most spiritually ennobling of all the arts and as a reflection of the loftiest of human aspirations. Despite the utter corruption of German musical culture, many of the lights of German musical life willingly joined Goebbels’s propaganda circus. Some, like Herbert von Karajan and Karl Bohm, seemed to have been converted to National Socialism. Prieberg tells us that Karajan registered himself as a Party member twice in 1933, once in Austria (while it was still a republic) and once more, a month later, in Wurttemberg. Böhm enthusiastically assumed the role of Musikpolitiker in March of 1938, when he praised the arrival of Hitler’s troops into Austria with the following fanfare: National Socialism has placed before the musician a goal and a task for which it is worthwhile to pledge all his abilities and productive strength: to serve the German Volk and its highest cultural property. But for that [service] the new state repays the artist in that it incorporates him in the mighty work of reconstructing Germany, and elevates him to equal partnership in the totality of all its [creative] enterprise. Böhm’s call to action in respect to the Anschluss plebiscite of April 10, 1938 was even less high-minded: Whosoever does not ratify the Führer’s action with a 100 percent “yes” does not deserve to bear the honorable title of “German.” Carl Orff went so far in cooperation with the Nazis as to compose a substitute—so longed for by the Nazis—for Mendelssohn’s Midsummer Night’s Dream music. The commissions had been rejected by both Hans Pfitzner and Werner Egk (two otherwise loyal Party members) in deference to the greatness of Mendelssohn’s work. Orff, however, did the deed with earnestness and industriousness: “Most honorable Herr State Council,” he wrote, on June 10 to Doctor Fritz Krebs, District Leader of the Nazi Party in Frankfurt, and a member of the Reichskammer presidium: Today I received, with great joy, the commission . . . and I thank you profusely for this further indication of your faith in me .... Devotedly yours, Heil Hitler! And in early October of 1939, when the rehearsals for the premiere of this new work were in progress, Orff addressed his Maecenas once again in writing: I hope that I have been lucky enough to have composed this music as you have imagined it should sound…. No such self-effacement characterized the behavior of Richard Strauss, who was only too happy to become the first president of the Reichsmusikkammer. It seems that Strauss felt his collaboration was the sine qua non of the high quality of German musical life. In a letter to his Jewish librettist, Stefan Zweig, of June 17,1935, Strauss explained his position vis-à-vis the Nazis: Who told you that I have compromised myself politically? Because I have conducted a conceit in place of that greasy louse-rag, Bruno Walter? That I did for love of the orchestra. Because I substituted for another “non-Aryan,” Toscanini? That I did for love of Bayreuth. These things have nothing to do with politics. What the greasy press says is nothing to me, and neither should you bother yourself about it. That I act the part of the Reichsmusikkammer president? In order to do some good, and to prevent greater misfortune . . . simply out of the consciousness of artistic duty! I would have accepted this vexsome office under any regime. But neither Kaiser Wilhelm nor Mr. Rathenau offered it to me. A few weeks later, Strauss was to find himself the victim of his own naivete. Owing to the interception of this letter by the Gestapo and the scandal that attended the late June premiere of Die Schweigsame Frau—Strauss threatened to absent himself should the name of Zweig as librettist be withheld from the program—the composer was forced to resign his presidency of the Reichsmusikkammer. Further, Die Schweigsame Frau was encouraged to disappear from the repertoire. At first these punishments demoralized Strauss, who wrote to Hitler asking to explain himself in a private audience. (The letter went unanswered.) But it soon became clear that the Nazis were as convinced as was Strauss himself of his pre-eminent position in German musical life. The disagreements were painted over. Strauss continued to receive large royalties from the performance of Rosenkavalier, Ariadne auf Naxos, Arabella, Feuersnot, and Intermezzo. He retained the presidency of the Permanent Commission for the International Cooperation of Composers, the official replacement (organized, naturally, along the lines of the Führer-Prinzip) for the defunct German Section of the International Society for Contemporary Music. And he was able to secure protection for his daughter-in-law, a Jewess. All of this came as reward for behavior that was at least in part contemptuous. True, Strauss was not above accepting the state’s commission for an “Olympic Hymn,” in 1936, or above setting to music the nationalist texts of Weinheber. (His attitude in these matters was that “idleness is the root of all evil.”) But he also took advantage of every opportunity he had to irritate his official admirers. In 1943, for example, Strauss refused to place his nineteen-room villa in Garmisch at the disposal of evacuees and victims of Allied bombing. No soldier need fight on his behalf, he said at the time—the war was no concern of his. Hitler was so angered by this recalcitrance that he sent out orders forbidding Party officials any further contact with Strauss and ordered the press to refrain from paying the composer any attention. It was not long before Hitler was brought to heel, however. On his eightieth birthday, Strauss received a note of congratulations from the Führer. In a letter to Hitler, Furtwängler had warned him of the international repercussions that would attend the neglect of so august a musician. On that same occasion, in 1944, two SS officers arrived in Garmisch bearing champagne and best wishes from Hans Frank, Governor-General of occupied Poland, and an avid patron of music in his eastern realm. Upon taking their leave, the officers were asked by Strauss to do him the favor of conveying to Herr Frank the names of certain of Strauss’s friends whom he would like released from “these dumb KZs [concentration camps].” Admittedly, it took some nerve to make such a request. But the flippant way in which it was made and the slowness with which Strauss finally reacted to Nazi criminality epitomize his tendency to belittle the great moral and political issues of the day as unworthy of the artist’s concern. At issue here was the conviction that artistic matters must take precedence over moral and political issues. This was a conviction that even Furtwängler—for all the courage he displayed in several challenges to the regime’s cultural policies—shared. It certainly informed the tone of his open letter to Goebbels of April, 1933, in which he appealed the dismissal of Otto von Klemperer and Bruno Walter from their musical posts: If the struggle against Jewry is directed, in the main, against those artists who—themselves rootless and destructive—seek effect through Kitsch and dry virtuosity, that is only in order. The struggle against them and the personification of that spirit, which, by the way, possesses some Germans also, cannot be led emphatically or consistently enough. If this struggle, however, is also directed against true artists, it is not in the interest of cultural life. The futile retreat from moral and political responsibility evident in this defense of Jewish artists is but one justification for Prieberg’s lament, at the end of his work, that: music and musicians let themselves be misused again and again. For the historian, the establishment of this fact is as boring as it is bereft of consolation, for it contains the answer to the question: Do musicians learn anything besides music? It is certainly easy enough to sympathize with such a sigh of Weltschmerz; musicians, alas—like everyone else—often behave badly. But is this statement a conclusive judgment upon Germany’s musicians—citizens of a nation whose political tradition rendered to the state a pernicious moral authority? And within the scope of a book entitled Musik im NS-Staat is Prieberg’s conclusion appropriate? Prieberg runs the risk of shifting the responsibility for Naziism’s cultural offenses from the totalitarian state to Germany’s musicians, many of whom had no choice but to conform and obey the dictates of Germany’s leadership. In his effort to make the case of complicity and to confront the German nation with its unpleasant past, Prieberg has leveled a rash accusation. And he pays for it, for there are some disappointments in this work. Prieberg’s concern with the problem of collaboration prompts him to concentrate so fully on personality and incident in relating Nazi Germany’s music history that we miss an organized discussion of the creation and proliferation of the state music bureaucracy. (This information is scattered throughout the book.) Further, Prieberg’s style—often so chatty that it approaches the gossipy—betrays a particularly mean spirit when he speaks of Germany’s great artists. He refuses to acknowledge that even for famous musicians, like Furtwängler, who had the choice of emigration, love of homeland and family may have been the regime’s allies in enforcing obedience. In this connection, one would have welcomed from Prieberg—given his past work on the Soviet Union—some comparison of the situation of musical life in the two great totalitarian dictatorships of our time. Soviet musicians, it might be said, have collaborated on a grand scale, first with Lenin, then with Stalin, and more recently with less brutal although still totalitarian rulers. Is such collaboration to be despised? How are we to judge these men? Perhaps all we can do, when faced with this terrible dilemma of individual responsibility, is to comment that totalitarianism’s abuse of culture is only an extension of its vicious attack on the individual. Prieberg’s book is one more melancholy reminder that the enemy is not simply human weakness. That, after all, is always with us. In our time the enemy is the all-powerful state, and its use to enforce policies and interests that cannot survive the healthy give-and-take of a democratic society. Musik im NS-Staat; by Fred K Prieberg. Fischer Taschenbruch Verlag, 499 pages Go back to the text.	i don't know
Since 1999, which manufacturer has won Le Mans on all but two occasions?	Le Mans 24 Hours preview - GT - Autosport Share this article on Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Google+ Email This year's 24 Hours promises competition of the kind only Le Mans can throw up - a battle between the might of the Works teams and genuinely competitive privateers. You can find detailed coverage of the race on AUTOSPORT.com, or receive the latest news and comment on Radio Le Mans. For up-to-date Le Mans coverage click 'here'. The field has lost several of the competitors who helped make the 1999 event so intriguing and competitive, but the 2000 24-Hours will be no less exciting for that - indeed, it makes the possibility of a wild-card winner even more of a likelihood. The theme for this year's race is very much along the lines of 'David versus Goliath'. The works manufacturer teams will line up against various smaller - but no less professional - outfits, aiming to make a name for themselves at the race that has a strong claim towards being called 'The World's Greatest'. 1999 winners BMW will not compete this year, despite running a campaign in the related American Le Mans Series. Equally, Toyota, who tried so hard to win the race, and came so close on two occasions will not be entering, with their resources directed towards an F1 entry in 2002. Finally, Mercedes were the first to join the list of big runners destined not to return after their Le Mans jinx struck once more. That leaves Audi and Panoz as the only 1999 front runners in the prototype class to return. However, the battles these totally different cars and teams have instigated in the ALMS so far this year indicates that the front end will be as hard fought as ever. Add to that the newcomers Cadillac, and the enormously competitive Rafanelli Lola and the field has taken on a look of tantalising competitiveness... Audi returns for a second crack at the 24 Hours, after finishing on the podium in 1999. A combination of ferocious development on the part of the team, and the loss of potential competitors means that Audi enters the race very much in the position of favourites. However, this does not in itself guarantee success as Toyota can testify only too well... The Ingolstadt marque's R8 won on what is so far its only appearance - the 2000 Sebring 12 Hours, but the competition at Le Mans will be on another level. The driving team is formidable, with no less than five previous winners of the race. 1998 winning combo Allan McNish, Stephane Ortelli and Laurent Aiello will regroup in one of the R8s, and that car has to be favourite for pole position, if not the race. Sebring winners Frank Biela and Rinaldo Capello will team up with 1996 winner Michele Alboreto, who is reunited with Reinhold Joest - the team manger who took him to victory. The car appears to be not only fast, but phenomenally reliable, if its testing form and the Sebring win are anything to go by. With this in mind, it appears that only a crash could spoil Audi's party - though with the traditional mix of tired drivers and massive speed differences between the classes, this eventuality should not be considered as entirely off the cards. However, the car has kept its own counsel for a large part of the time between Sebring and Le Mans qualifying, so true form is difficult to gauge. In fact, the final test before the race suggests that the Lola of Team Rafanelli, at least, is right up there with it on pace. Audi represents a large manufacturer, with a veteran team running the cars, very little expense spared and a driver line-up including the pick of the available talent. Panoz, on the other hand is not associated with a large force in the motor industry but for the first time operates the whole programme, including the engines, in house. Nothing should detract from the sense that this is a works team in the truest sense of the word. The Panoz LMP team has benefited greatly from the driving ambition of owner Don Panoz, who has sought to add the expertise of Dave Price on the organisational side, and such luminaries as Jan Magnussen and David Brabham on the driving squad. Panoz has entered no less than five cars under three teams. The spectacular front-engined roadsters starred in pre-qualifying last year, only to fade in the race somewhat. However, this year the cars have their best chance since the Panoz name first went to Le Mans in 1997. The under-powered and over-thirsty Ford V8s of the programme's early days have steadily developed into a fast and reliable unit tuned by Elan, a Panoz-owned concern. David Brabham is the star of the driving line-up, but sometime F1 and CART driver Jan Magnussen can give him a push. Mario Andretti joins this partnership in his bid to match Graham Hill's triple crown of wins in the Indianapolis 500, the Formula 1 World Championship, and the Le Mans 24 Hours. And attempting to challenge the dominance of the established favourites for the first time in fifty years will be Cadillac, entering their Riley & Scott Northstar prototype. The works GM team will be backed up by two DAMS run cars. Riley and Scott have learned a vast amount about sportscars over the years , and the fruits of that process have been made manifest in the Cadillac Northstar prototype. The car features a turbocharged V8, and the legendary 'Riley Rocker' suspension system which has served the team so well - and which, it believes, gives it a secret weapon. The cars have not performed as well as the leading Audis in the ALMS, and it will be some time before they are able to challenge on pace. However, satellite team DAMS has a history of being able to extract considerable performance from sportscars, and with reliability on their side, the Northstars could get a reasonable result. First in the queue to topple the giants is the Olive Garden Rafanelli team, running a Lola-Judd B2K/10. The team has performed, even by its own admission, beyond all expectations this season. A pole position, fastest lap and a podium finish in the ALMS all bear testament to the competitiveness of the squad Moreover, the team has now taken delivery of the Le Mans spec bodywork package, and has reportedly set extremely encouraging times at a test at Magny Cours alongside Audi. Question marks remain over the durability of the Judd V10, which is considered in some quarters to be too highly strung to go the distance, but this is the team's only visible weakness at this point. Even so, expect Rafanelli to star in qualifying, and to lead the race at some point, with drivers Mimmo Schiaterella, Pierluigi Martini and Didier de Radigues quick and experienced. Other notable privateers include the Konrad Lola, and Phillipe Gache's Courage-Judd C60, which was built with Le Mans in mind and is optimised towards the long straights - though the works team's decision not to enter the race may have stymied development of the chassis. The LMP675 class, for lower power and weight prototypes is expected to be dominated by ROC and its modified LMP900 Reynard. The team has some degree of works backing from VW, as a prelude to a full works assault by the manufacturer in the next few years. The only other team in the class with a chance is the Canadian Multimatic outfit, which is running Lola's new smaller Lights chassis. The GTS class appears to be resolving into a battle between the Dodge Vipers of Team ORECA and the Chevrolet Corvettes of Team GM. This contest would seem, on the face of it, to favour ORECA's experience, but the Corvettes ran the Vipers close at Daytona, and they have had more development since. Audi star Allan McNish rates the Corvettes very highly indeed, and what cannot be denied is that for the first time in three years, ORECA and their Vipers have some serious competition. The GT class should be evenly matched, if for no other reason than all the entrants are running Porsche's 911 GT3R. Dick Barbour Racing has won Le Mans overall before, but Team Skea's driving line-up alone will go a long way towards offsetting the team's relative inexperience. For details of road and rail routes to Le Mans, click 'here'. to see the full Le Mans 24 Hours schedule, click 'here'. To see the full entry list of cars, teams, and drivers, click 'here'. Share this article on Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Google+ Email Get more stories on Autosport. For free. Register in seconds and instantly upgrade your monthly news limit from 15 to 25 stories. Join over 100,000 Autosport readers and make sure you stay updated with the best motorsport news every month.	Audi
The Bruins ice hockey team and the Celtics basketball team are based in which US city?	All Videos \| Audi MediaTV Audi MediaTV The Audi highlights at the Detroit Motor Show Audi is kicking off the new year with a powerful trio: with the Audi Q8 concept car, the premium carmaker is previewing a future production model at the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) in Detroit. At the same time, the brand with the four rings is celebrating the world premiere of the Audi SQ5 TFSI and publicly presenting the A5/S5 Cabriolet for the first time. Duration: 2:11 min Audi at the Detroit Motor Show: the press conference Audi is kicking off the new year with three highlights: with the Audi Q8 concept car, the premium carmaker is previewing a future production model at the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) in Detroit. At the same time, the brand with the four rings is celebrating the world premiere of the Audi SQ5 TFSI and publicly presenting the A5/S5 Cabriolet for the first time. Audi SQ5: This vehicle is not yet on sale. It does not yet have type approval and is therefore not subject to Directive 1999/94/EC. Audi A5/S5 Cabriolet: Fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 7.8 – 4.5; CO2 emissions combined in g/km: 177 – 118. Audi Q5: Fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 7.1 – 4.9; CO2 emissions combined in g/km: 162 – 129. Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data as well as the efficiency classes are dependent on the choice of wheels and tyres. Duration: 13:52 min Audi S5 Cabriolet - Footage In the Audi S5 Cabriolet a new six-cylinder turbocharged engine developing 354 hp and 500 Nm (368.8 lb-ft) of torque ensures top performance. The Audi S5 Cabriolet is moving into a whole new league with its newly developed 3.0 TFSI. From its 2,995 cc of displacement, the boosted six-cylinder engine produces 260 kW (354 hp) of power – 15 kW (21 hp) more than the engine in the previous model. Audi S5 Cabriolet: Combined fuel consumption in l/100 km: 7.8 - 7.7 (30.2 - 30.5 US mpg); Combined CO2 emissions in g/km: 177 - 175 (284.9 - 281.6 g/mi). Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data as well as the efficiency classes are dependent on the choice of wheels and tyres. Duration: 5:00 min Audi A5 Cabriolet - Footage The premiere of the new Audi A5 Cabriolet completes the new generation of the A5 family. Up to four people can enjoy intense driving pleasure on board the open-top mid-sized model. The fully automatic acoustic hood opens and closes up to a speed of 50 km/h (31.1 mph). Audi A5 Cabriolet 3.0 TDI quattro S tronic 160 kW: Combined fuel consumption in l/100 km: 5.2 - 4.9 (45.2 - 48.0 US mpg); Combined CO2 emissions in g/km: 137 - 128 (220.5 - 206.0 g/mi). Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data as well as the efficiency classes are dependent on the choice of wheels and tyres. Duration: 4:39 min Audi Q5 on location Footage TDI The new Audi Q5 is launching in Europe with five powerful and efficient engines: four TDI engines and one TFSI. They have added up to 20 kW (27 hp) of power, with fuel consumption however being significantly reduced. Particularly the 2.0 TDI engines in the new Q5, with outputs of 110 kW (150 hp), 120 kW (163 hp) and 140 kW (190 hp), are highly efficient. The two-liter diesel is also a highly efficient engine in the version with 140 kW (190 hp). Q5 TDI: Fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 5,2 – 4,9; CO2 emissions combined in g/km: 136 - 129 Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data as well as the efficiency classes are dependent on the choice of wheels and tyres. Duration: 10:05 min Audi R8 Spyder V10 Audi Space Frame Animation According to DIN unladen weight without driver, the new Audi R8 Spyder tips the scales at just 1,720 kilograms; dry weight is a mere 1,612 kilograms. The key to this outstanding figure is the new multimaterial Audi Space Frame (ASF). It combines aluminum components with components made of structurally integrated carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP). The ASF in the new Audi R8 Spyder has a total weight of just 208 kilograms. Combined fuel consumption in l/100 km: 11.7; Combined CO2 emissions in g/km: 277 Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data as well as the efficiency classes are dependent on the choice of wheels and tyres. Duration: 2:20 min The Audi press conference from Paris Audi presents two world premieres at the Paris Motor Show. The unveiling of the Audi Q5 signals the arrival of the second generation of Audi’s top-selling SUV. In the compact category, the sporty Audi RS 3 Sedan makes its debut in Paris. S5 Sportback: Fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 7.5 – 7.3; CO2 emissions combined in g/km: 170 – 166 Q5: Fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 7,1 – 4,9; CO2 emissions combined in g/km: 162 - 129 RS 3 Sedan: This vehicle is not yet on sale. It does not yet have type approval and is therefore not subject to Directive 1999/94/EC. Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data as well as the efficiency classes are dependent on the choice of wheels and tyres. Duration: 14:08 min The Audi highlights from the Paris Motor Show Audi is taking the wraps off a glittering array of new products at the motor show in Paris. Sporty, efficient, stylish and with high everyday usability – it has the right offering for every customers. The Ingolstadt carmaker is showing the new Audi Q5 and the new Audi RS 3 Sedan to an international audience for the very first time. S5 Sportback: Fuel consumption in l/100 km: combined 7.4 – 7.3; CO2 emissions combined in g/km: 170 – 166 Q5: This vehicle is not yet on sale. It does not yet have type approval and is therefore not subject to Directive 1999/94/EC. RS 3 Sedan: This vehicle is not yet on sale. It does not yet have type approval and is therefore not subject to Directive 1999/94/EC. Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data as well as the efficiency classes are dependent on the choice of wheels and tyres. Duration: 3:29 min Audi TT RS Matrix OLED Animation For the first time in a series-production Audi, Matrix OLED technology (organic light emitting diode) is used in the rear lights as an option. These emit an extremely homogeneous, precise light. The light does not cast any harsh shadows and does not require any reflectors – this makes the OLEDs in 3D design efficient, lightweight and visually impressive. Audi TT RS Coupé: Combined fuel consumption in l/100 km: 8.4 – 8.2; Combined CO2 emissions in g/km: 192 – 187 Audi TT RS Roadster: Combined fuel consumption in l/100 km: 8.5 – 8.3, Combined CO2 emissions in g/km: 194 – 189 Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data are dependent on the choice of wheels and tyres as well as on the combination of engine and gearbox. Duration: 2:05 min Audi TT RS Animation powertrain The power of the 2.5 TFSI engine flows via a seven-speed S tronic, which shifts at lightning speed, to the quattro permanent all-wheel drive. Its multi-plate clutch distributes power fully variably between the two axles. This ensures strong grip and plenty of driving pleasure. Audi TT RS Coupé: Combined fuel consumption in l/100 km: 8.4 – 8.2; Combined CO2 emissions in g/km: 192 – 187 Audi TT RS Roadster: Combined fuel consumption in l/100 km: 8.5 – 8.3, Combined CO2 emissions in g/km: 194 – 189 Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data are dependent on the choice of wheels and tyres as well as on the combination of engine and gearbox. Duration: 2:39 min Virtual Experience pre sense - Footage Audi is making increasing use of high-tech simulation tools, like the Audi Virtual Training Car, an Audi A4 equipped with a virtual reality headset for the driver. A driving simulation played back in the VR headset allows the driver to experience in realistic scenarios how the emergency braking assistant Audi pre sense city works – in a car that is actually driving. A4 Sedan: Combined fuel consumption in l/100 km: 7,5 - 3,7; Combined CO2-emissions in g/km: 170 - 95. Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions data are dependent on the choice of wheels and tyres as well as on the combination of engine and gearbox. Duration: 9:55 min Coupe du Roi and sixth consecutive podium finish for Audi Fans of the 24 Hours of Spa saw one of the most exciting ever editions of the endurance classic. Audi was among the small group of favorites as the race entered its final quarter, but ultimately it was lady luck that decided the outcome. Four brands fought for victory in the closing stages, before a tire failure robbed Audi Sport Team Phoenix of any chance of victory. In the end, Audi Sport Team WRT from Belgium staged a strong fightback to grab a trophy for Audi. Nico Müller (CH), René Rast (D) and Laurens Vanthoor (B) finished third, while Audi won the “Coupe du Roi” manufacturers’ classification. Duration: 2:27 min	i don't know
What is the UK’s best-selling car of all time?	UK's most popular cars of all time \| Auto Express UK's most popular cars of all time Search email The Ford Fiesta is now our best-selling car ever, but what did it beat to reach the top of the UK most popular cars list? Following yesterday’s news that the Ford Fiesta is now the UK’s best-selling car eve r, we’ve done some digging and uncovered the rest of the top ten most popular nameplates from the past fifty-odd years. Compiled by The Society of Motoring Manufacturers and Traders, the list reveals Ford and Vauxhall have proved firm favourites with the British public since at least 1965, the two brands accounting for seven of the top ten cars. The Volkswagen Golf also makes an appearance – ranking 7th with over 1.8 million sales – as does the original Mini. Bringing up the rear is the Metro, which collectively sold just under one and a half million models in its Austin, MG and Rover forms. The top 10 most popular cars in the UK ever 1. Ford Fiesta – 4,132,294 all-time sales The Ford Fiesta doubles up as the UK’s best-selling car of all time and for 2014. Unsurprising really, given the mix of practicality, economy and great small car driving. 2. Ford Escort – 4,105,192 all-time sales Beaten into second place 14 years after production ceased, the Ford Escort is still head and shoulders clear of third place. The nameplate is soon to be revived for a new model aimed firmly at the Chinese market, although it could make it back to Europe. 3. Vauxhall Astra – 2,845,357 all-time sales Vauxhall’s long-time Ford Focus rival holds it own in terms of sales, even if the current Astra is slightly down in this year's charts. 4. Ford Cortina – 2,589,351 all-time sales Despite a relatively short lifetime, the Cortina still ranks as one of our most popular cars, largely thanks to its unrivalled sales dominance in the 1970s. 5. Vauxhall Corsa – 1,829,581 all-time sales The Vauxhall Corsa is now entering its fourth generation in the UK but originally arrived on these shores in 1983 as the Nova. 6. Vauxhall Cavalier – 1,816,529 all-time sales Like the Ford Cortina, Vauxhall’s Cavalier was enjoyed huge success with British buyers during 20 years of production. 7. Volkswagen Golf – 1,813,373 all-time sales The VW Golf is 40 this year, its longevity backed up by a well-earned reputation as one of the best all-round cars on sale. 8. Ford Focus – 1,769,687 all-time sales A replacement for the Escort in all but name, the Ford Focus has an impressive sales record for a car only launched in 1998. 9. Original Mini – 1,581,887 all-time sales The original Mini is a true British icon that lasted 41 years in various different guises, and still hasn’t been eclipsed by the relaunched, BMW -owned MINI hatch. 10. Metro/R100 – 1,498,169 all-time sales Austin, MG and Rover badges all adorned the Metro at one point of another during a 17-year lifespan, which was eventually rebranded as the R100 in 1994. How many of the UK's most popular cars have you owned? Tell us what they were like in the comments section below. Then read our list of the best-selling cars in the UK from 2014.	Ford Fiesta
How old was River Phoenix when he died?	Top 50: Best Selling Cars Of All Time Top 50: Best Selling Cars Of All Time Updated on February 20, 2009 Introduction With all the millions of cars made and sold over the last 100 years, what are the best selling? This Top 50 has all the biggest sellers from around the world. The info on sales has been found all over the net to compile a current list of the big sellers. Any car with only one date and a + after the number is currently in production. The Chevrolet Camaro is not as "in production" because it not due out till Spring 09. 50. Peugeot 405 (1988-1997) - 3,461,800 50. Peugeot 405 (1988-1997) - 3,461,800 49. Peugeot 504: (1968-2005) - 3,713,400 49. Peugeot 504: (1968-2005) - 3,713,400 48. Fiat 127: (1971-1983) - 3,750,000 48. Fiat 127: (1971-1983) - 3,750,000 47. Citroen 2CV: (1948-1990) - 3,872,583 47. Citroen 2CV: (1948-1990) - 3,872,583 46. Fiat 500: (1957- ) - 3,900,000+ 46. Fiat 500: (1957- ) - 3,900,000+ 45. Pontiac Grand Am: (1973-2005) - 4,000,000 45. Pontiac Grand Am: (1973-2005) - 4,000,000 44. Ford Cortina: (1962-1982) - 4,279,079 44. Ford Cortina: (1962-1982) - 4,279,079 43. Ford Model A: (1927-31) - 4,320,446 43. Ford Model A: (1927-31) - 4,320,446 42. Opel Ascona: (1970-1988) - 4,400,000 42. Opel Ascona: (1970-1988) - 4,400,000 41. Fiat 126: (1973-2000) - 4,671,586 41. Fiat 126: (1973-2000) - 4,671,586 40. Chevrolet Camaro: (1967-2002) - 4,800,000 40. Chevrolet Camaro: (1967-2002) - 4,800,000 39. Ford Ranger: (1983- ) - 5,150,000+ 39. Ford Ranger: (1983-) - 5,150,000+ 38. Ford E-Series: (1961- ) - 5,200,000+ 38. Ford E-Series: (1961- ) - 5,200,000+ 37. Peugeot 205: (1983-1998) - 5,278,000 37. Peugeot 205: (1983-1998) - 5,278,000 36. Toyota Land Cruiser: (1953- ) - 5,300,000+ 36. Toyota Land Cruiser: (1953- ) - 5,300,000+ 35. Ford Crown Victoria: (1980- ) - 5,500,000+ 35. Ford Crown Victoria: (1980- ) - 5,500,000+ 34. Ford Focus: (1998- ) - 5,500,000+ 34. Ford Focus: (1998- ) - 5,500,000+ 33. Mitsubishi Galant: (1969- ) - 5,550,000+ 33. Mitsubishi Galant: (1969- ) - 5,550,000+ 32. Ford Explorer: (1991- ) - 5,700,00+ 32. Ford Explorer: (1991- ) - 5,700,00+ 31. Nissan Sunny: (1966- ) - 5,900,000+ 31. Nissan Sunny: (1966- ) - 5,900,000+ 30. Buick Le Sabre: (1959-2005) - 6,000,000 30. Buick Le Sabre: (1959-2005) - 6,000,000 29. Peugeot 206: (1998- 2007 ) - 6,100,000 29. Peugeot 206: (1998-2007) - 6,100,000 28. Chevrolet Cavalier: (1982-2005) - 6,200,000 28. Chevrolet Cavalier: (1982-2005) - 6,200,000 27. Vauxhall/Opel Vectra: (1988-2008) - 6,500,000 27. Vauxhall/Opel Vectra: (1988-2008) - 6,500,000 26. BMC/BL/BMW Mini: (1959- ) - 6,700,000+ 26. BMC/BL/BMW Mini: (1959- ) - 6,700,000+ 25. Ford Taurus: (1986- ) - 6,750,000+ 25. Ford Taurus: (1986- ) - 6,750,000+ 24. Fiat Punto: (1993- ) - 6,800,000+ 24. Fiat Punto: (1993- ) - 6,800,000+ 23. Renault 4: (1961-1992) - 8,150,000 23. Renault 4: (1961-1992) - 8,150,000 22. Ford Mustang: (1964- ) - 8,300,000+ 22. Ford Mustang: (1964- ) - 8,300,000+ 21. Renault 5: (1972-1996) - 8,800,000 21. Renault 5: (1972-1996) - 8,800,000 20. Renault Clio: (1991- ) - 8,900,000+ 20. Renault Clio: (1991- ) - 8,900,000+ 19. Fiat Uno: (1983- ) - 9,150,000+ 19. Fiat Uno: (1983- ) - 9,150,000+ 18. BMW 3-Series: (1977- ) - 9,800,000+ 18. BMW 3-Series: (1977- ) - 9,800,000+ 17. Vauxhall/Opel Astra: (1991- ) - 10,000,000+ 17. Vauxhall/Opel Astra: (1991- ) - 10,000,000+ 16. Mazda 323: (1963-2003) - 10,480,000 16. Mazda 323: (1963-2003) - 10,480,000 15. Toyota Camry: (1983- ) - 10,500,000+ 15. Toyota Camry: (1983- ) - 10,500,000+ 14. Chrysler Voyager: (1984- ) - 11,700,000+ 14. Chrysler Voyager: (1984- ) - 11,700,000+ 13. Oldsmobile Cutlass: (1961-99) - 11,900,000 13. Oldsmobile Cutlass: (1961-99) - 11,900,000 12. Vauxhall/Opel Corsa: (1982- ) - 12,000,000+ 12. Vauxhall/Opel Corsa: (1982- ) - 12,000,000+ 11. Ford Fiesta: (1976- ) - 12,500,000+ 11. Ford Fiesta: (1976- ) - 12,500,000+ 10. Chevrolet Impala: (1958- ) - 14,000,000+ 10. Chevrolet Impala: (1958- ) - 14,000,000+ 9. Volkswagen Passat: (1973- ) - 14,100,000+ 9. Volkswagen Passat: (1973- ) - 14,100,000+ 8. Honda Accord: (1976- ) - 15,800,000+ 8. Honda Accord: (1976- ) - 15,800,000+ 7. Ford Model T: (1908-1927) - 16,500,000+ 7. Ford Model T: (1908-1927) - 16,500,000+ 6. Honda Civic: (1972- ) - 17,730,000+ 6. Honda Civic: (1972- ) - 17,730,000+ 5. Ford Escort: (1968-2000) - 20,000,000 5. Ford Escort: (1968-2000) - 20,000,000 4. Volkswagen Beetle: (1938- ) - 22,300,000+ 4. Volkswagen Beetle: (1938- ) - 22,300,000+ 3. Volkswagen Golf:(1974- ) - 25,000,000+ 2. Ford F-Series: (1948- ) - 30,000,000+ 2. Ford F-Series: (1948- ) - 30,000,000+ And The Most Sold Car In The World Is... The Toyota Corolla. Over the last 45 years Japanese car maker Toyota have manufactured a record 32 Million Cars! It's always been a small family car. Cheap to buy and cheap to run worked well for Toyota over the last 45 years, and even with all the problems with the car industry at the moment, don't expect to hear of this little record breakers reign coming to an end anytime soon. 1. Toyota Corolla: (1966- ) - 32,000,000+ 1. Toyota Corolla: (1966- ) - 32,000,000+ Have You Ever Owned One? Have you ever owned one? Yes 1-3 The hall of fame from the Porsche catalogue spanning back over 50 years. 95 Take a look back over the years and and enjoy the top 50 most memorable cars made famous by their role on the silver screen. 23	i don't know
What word connects heather to a member of the cod family?	Connect - definition of connect by The Free Dictionary Connect - definition of connect by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/connect v. con·nect·ed, con·nect·ing, con·nects v.tr. 1. To join or fasten together: a bridge that connects the island with the mainland. 2. To associate or consider as related: no reason to connect the two events. See Synonyms at join . 3. To join to or by means of a communications circuit: Please connect me to the number in San Diego. Her computer is connected to the internet. 4. To plug in (an electrical cord or device) to an outlet. v.intr. 1. To become joined or united: two streams connecting to form a river. 2. To be scheduled so as to provide continuing service, as between airplanes or buses. 3. To establish a rapport or relationship; relate: The candidate failed to connect with the voters. 4. Sports To hit or play a ball or puck successfully: The winger connected for two goals. Idiom: connect the dots 1. To draw connecting lines between a seemingly random arrangement of numbered dots so as to produce a picture or design. 2. To draw logical inferences connecting items of information to reveal something previously hidden or unknown. [Middle English connecten, from Latin cōnectere, connectere : cō-, com-, com- + nectere, to bind; see ned- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] con·nect′i·ble, con·nect′a·ble adj. con·nec′tor, con·nect′er n. connect 1. to link or be linked together; join; fasten 2. (tr) to relate or associate: I connect him with my childhood. 3. (Telecommunications) (tr) to establish telephone communications with or between 4. (intr) to be meaningful or meaningfully related 5. (Automotive Engineering) (intr) (of two public vehicles, such as trains or buses) to have the arrival of one timed to occur just before the departure of the other, for the convenient transfer of passengers 6. (intr) informal to hit, punch, kick, etc, solidly 7. (intr) informal US and Canadian to be successful 8. (Recreational Drugs) (intr) slang to find a source of drugs, esp illegal drugs [C17: from Latin connectere to bind together, from nectere to bind, tie] conˈnectible, conˈnectable adj 1. to join, link, or fasten together; unite. 2. to establish telephone communication between. 3. to have as an accompanying or associated feature. 4. to cause to be associated in a relationship. 5. to associate mentally or emotionally. 6. to link to an electrical or communications system; hook up. v.i. 7. to become connected; join or unite. 8. (of trains, buses, etc.) to run so as to make connections (often fol. by with). 9. to establish a sympathetic or harmonious relationship. 10. Informal. to meet or establish communication; make contact. 11. to make contact for the illegal sale or purchase of drugs. 12. to hit successfully or solidly: The batter connected for a home run. [1400–50; late Middle English < Latin connectere=con- con - + nectere to tie; compare nexus ] con•nec′tor, con•nect′er, n. con•nect′i•ble, con•nect′a•ble, adj. I will have been connecting you will have been connecting he/she/it will have been connecting we will have been connecting you will have been connecting they will have been connecting Past Perfect Continuous Verb 1. connect - connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces; "Can you connect the two loudspeakers?"; "Tie the ropes together"; "Link arms" conjoin , join - make contact or come together; "The two roads join here" ground - connect to a ground; "ground the electrical connections for safety reasons" bring together , join - cause to become joined or linked; "join these two parts so that they fit together" attach - cause to be attached daisy-chain - connect devices on a part of a chip or circuit board in a computer tie - unite musical notes by a tie interconnect , interlink - cause to be interconnected or interwoven tee - connect with a tee; "tee two pipes" put through - connect by telephone; "the operator put a call through to Rio" hitch - connect to a vehicle: "hitch the trailer to the car" hang together , interdepend - be connected; "In my heart I can make the world hang together" bridge , bridge over - connect or reduce the distance between disconnect - make disconnected, disjoin or unfasten 2. connect - make a logical or causal connection; "I cannot connect these two pieces of evidence in my mind"; "colligate these facts"; "I cannot relate these events at all" associate , colligate , link , relate , tie in , link up remember - exercise, or have the power of, memory; "After the shelling, many people lost the ability to remember"; "some remember better than others" cerebrate , cogitate , think - use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments; "I've been thinking all day and getting nowhere" interrelate - place into a mutual relationship; "I cannot interrelate these two events" correlate - bring into a mutual, complementary, or reciprocal relation; "I cannot correlate these two pieces of information" identify - conceive of as united or associated; "Sex activity is closely identified with the hypothalamus" free-associate - associate freely; "Let's associate freely to bring up old memories" have in mind , think of , mean - intend to refer to; "I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France"; "Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!" 3. connect - be or become joined or united or linked; "The two streets connect to become a highway"; "Our paths joined"; "The travelers linked up again at the airport" link up , link , unite , join syndicate - join together into a syndicate; "The banks syndicated" articulate - unite by forming a joint or joints; "the ankle bone articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle bones" complect , interconnect , interlink - be interwoven or interconnected; "The bones are interconnected via the muscle" 4. connect - join by means of communication equipment; "The telephone company finally put in lines to connect the towns in this area" connect - join for the purpose of communication; "Operator, could you connect me to the Raffles in Singapore?" bring together , join - cause to become joined or linked; "join these two parts so that they fit together" 5. connect - land on or hit solidly; "The brick connected on her head, knocking her out" collide with , impinge on , hit , run into , strike - hit against; come into sudden contact with; "The car hit a tree"; "He struck the table with his elbow" 6. connect - join for the purpose of communication; "Operator, could you connect me to the Raffles in Singapore?" connect - join by means of communication equipment; "The telephone company finally put in lines to connect the towns in this area" bring together , join - cause to become joined or linked; "join these two parts so that they fit together" 7. connect - be scheduled so as to provide continuing service, as in transportation; "The local train does not connect with the Amtrak train"; "The planes don't connect and you will have to wait for four hours" be - have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer" 8. connect - establish a rapport or relationship; "The President of this university really connects with the faculty" get in touch , touch base , connect - establish communication with someone; "did you finally connect with your long-lost cousin?" relate - have or establish a relationship to; "She relates well to her peers" 9. interact - act together or towards others or with others; "He should interact more with his colleagues" connect - establish a rapport or relationship; "The President of this university really connects with the faculty" 10. connect - plug into an outlet; "Please plug in the toaster!"; "Connect the TV so we can watch the football game tonight" infix , insert , introduce , enter - put or introduce into something; "insert a picture into the text" 11. connect - hit or play a ball successfully; "The batter connected for a home run" baseball , baseball game - a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players; teams take turns at bat trying to score runs; "he played baseball in high school"; "there was a baseball game on every empty lot"; "there was a desire for National League ball in the area"; "play ball!" hit - cause to move by striking; "hit a ball" connect verb 2. associate , unite , join , couple , league , link , mix , relate , pair , ally , identify , combine , affiliate , correlate , confederate , lump together , mention in the same breath, think of together There is no evidence to connect him to the robberies. I wouldn't have connected the two events if you hadn't said that. connect verb 1. To bring or come together into a united whole: [kəˈnekt] A. VT 1. (= join) → conectar ; [+ road, railway, airline] → unir ; [+ pipes, drains] → empalmar (to a) to connect sth (up) to the mains (Elec) → conectar algo a la red eléctrica 2. (= install) [+ cooker, telephone] → conectar 3. (Telec) [+ caller] → poner , comunicar (LAm) (with con) please connect me with Mr Lyons → póngame con el Sr. Lyons, por favor "I am trying to connect you" → "estoy intentando ponerle al habla " 4. (= associate) → vincular , asociar to connect sth/sb (with) → vincular or asociar algo/a algn (con) I never connected you with that → nunca te vinculé or asocié con eso , nunca creí que tuvieras nada que ver con eso B. VI [trains, planes] → enlazar (with con) [road, pipes, electricity] → empalmar (with con) connect to connect sth to sth [+ parts] → brancher qch sur qch (= form link between) [road, tunnel, bridge, transport system] [+ places] → relier to be connected by sth [places] [+ road, tunnel, bridge, transport system] → être relié (e) par qch to connect sth to sth [road, tunnel, bridge, transport system] [+ places] → relier qch à qch (ELECTRICITY, ELECTRONICS) [+ wires] → connecter to connect a computer to a network [modem] → connecter un ordinateur à un réseau , relier un ordinateur à un réseau (on the telephone) [+ person, caller] → mettre en communication I am trying to connect you → j'essaie d'obtenir votre communication to be connected with → être lié (e) à vi to connect with sb → se reconnaître en qn connect vt (= join) → verbinden (to, with mit); (Elec etc: also connect up) appliances, subscribers → anschließen (→ to an +acc); I’ll connect you (Telec) → ich verbinde (Sie); to be connected (two things) → miteinander verbunden sein; (several things) → untereinander verbunden sein; to connect to earth → erden ; connected by telephone → telefonisch verbunden ? parallel (fig: = associate) → in Verbindung or Zusammenhang bringen ; I always connect Paris with springtime → ich verbinde Paris immer mit Frühling ; these things are connected in my mind → diese Dinge gehören für mich zusammen ; I’d never connected them → ich hatte sie nie zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt (esp pass: = link) ideas, theories etc → verbinden ; to be connected with → eine Beziehung haben zu, in einer Beziehung or in Verbindung stehen zu; (= be related to) → verwandt sein mit; he’s connected with the BBC/university → er hat mit der BBC /der Universität zu tun ; to be connected by marriage → verschwägert sein; to be connected (ideas etc) → in Beziehung zueinander stehen ; (firms) → geschäftlich miteinander verbunden sein; loosely connected facts → lose verknüpfte Fakten vi (= join, two rooms) → eine Verbindung haben (to, with zu); (two parts, wires etc) → Kontakt haben; to connect with somebody/somebody’s ideas → jdn / jds Gedanken verstehen ; connecting rooms → angrenzende Zimmer pl (mit Verbindungstür) (Rail, Aviat etc) → Anschluss haben (→ with an +acc); connecting flight → Anschlussflug m (inf: = hit) (fist etc) → landen (inf) (→ with auf +dat); (golf club etc) → treffen (→ with +acc); he really connected → er hat voll getroffen connect to connect (with) (Telec) (caller) → mettere in comunicazione (con) to connect (to) (pipes, drains) → collegare (con) I am trying to connect you (Telec) → sto cercando di darle la linea to connect sth (up) to the mains (Elec) → collegare qc alla rete b. (associate) to connect sb/sth (with) → associare qn/qc (con), collegare qn/qc (con) the evidence clearly connected him with the crime → le prove dimostravano chiaramente che era implicato nel delitto 2. vi → collegarsi ; (train, planes) to connect with → essere in coincidenza con connect (kəˈnekt) verb 1. to join or be joined in some way; to tie or fasten or link together. He connected the radio to the mains; This road connects the two farms; a connecting link; This telephone line connects with the President. verbind, saamvoeg; koppel يَصِل свързвам ligar spojovat, připojit verbinden forbinde; sætte i forbindelse med συνδέω unir , enlazar , conectar ühendama, ühenduses olema وصل کردن؛ مرتبط کردن kytkeä relier לְחַבֵּר जोड़ना spojiti, povezati összeköt menghubungkan tengja collegare つなぐ 접속하다 (su)jungti, jungtis, įjungti savienot menyambung verbinden forbinde , knytte sammen , tilkople łączyć مښلول، سره لګول، سره تړل: په ذهن كې يو حكاې كول ligar a face legătura (cu); a conecta соединять ; связывать spojiť, pripojiť povezati, zvezati povezati ansluta, förbinda, förena, sammankoppla เชื่อมต่อ birleştirmek , bağlamak 連接 з'єднувати(ся), сполучати(ся) جوڑنا، ملنا، ملانا kết nối 连接 2. to associate in the mind. People tend to connect money with happiness. in verband bring, koppel يَرْبِط асоциирам ligar spojovat (si) verbinden forbinde συσχετίζω asociar seostama وابسته دانستن yhdistää associer לְקָשֵר दिमाग में जोड़ना biti u vezi, imati vezu összefüggésbe hoz menghubungkan setja í samband associare 結び付ける 연결짓다 (su)sieti saistīt; asociēt mengaitkan in verband brengen forbinde kojarzyć په پام مربوط ligar a asocia (cu) ассоциировать spájať (s) povezovati povezivati förknippa, sammankoppla เชื่อมโยง ilgi kurmak 將…與…聯想 зв'язувати(ся); поєднувати(ся) ربط دينا، تعلق پیدا كرنا liên tưởng 由…联想到 conˈnection (-ʃən) noun 1. something that connects or is connected. a faulty electrical connection. verbinding, koppeling; verband; verbondenheid; aansluiting; geslagsgemeenskap; samehang; stopkontak; konneksie وَصْلَه، وَسيلَة رَبْط съединение ligação spojení der Anschluß forbindelse σύνδεση conexión ühendus, seos اتصال kytkentä connexion חבור, חיבור संयोजन, जोड़ spoj, spajanje (össze)kapcsolás hubungan samtenging connessione 接続 접속부 (į)jungimas savienojums sambungan aansluiting forbindelse , samband połączenie ارتباط، ربط وركوونكى، كړۍ، نښلونه سره لګونه: په ذهن كې يوځاى كونه خپلوى، فرقه (مذهبى)، دارتباط يا حمل ونقل وسيله ligação contact присоединение spojenie povezava spoj koppling, ledning, kontakt การเชื่อมต่อ bağ , ilişki , bağlantı 連接物 з'єднання, зв'язок جوڑ، رابط‍ہ sự kết nối 连接 2. (a) state of being connected or related. My connection with their family is very slight; I wish to talk to you in connection with my daughter's career. aangaande, rakend, verband, familiebetrekking; bloedverwant, relasie اتِّصال، صِلَه връзка relação styk, spojení; spojitost die Verbindung forbindelse σχέση relación side, seos رابطه؛ ارتباط yhteys rapports קשר संबन्ध veza kapcsolat hubungan tengsl rapporto , relazione 関係 접속 ryšys, sąryšis attiecībā uz berkenaan betrekking forbindelse , tilknytning związek ارتباط relação legătură связь styk; súvislosť zveza veza förbindelse, samband ความสัมพันธ์ ilgi , ilişki 關係 зв'язок رشت‍ہ، تعلق mối quan hệ 关系 3. a useful person whom one can contact, especially in business. his connections in the clothing trade. konneksie, kennis عُلاقات مع شَخْص източник relação styky, konexe die Beziehungen (pl.) forbindelse σύνδεσμος contacto sidemed پارتی؛ آدم بانفوذ suhteet relation אִיש קֶשֶר संपर्क veza összeköttetés koneksi tengiliður conoscenza コネ 인맥 ryšiai, pažintys sakars; pazīšanās kenalan connectie forbindelse znajomość نفوذ داړه سړی relação relaţie связи styk zveza veze förbindelse[r], försänkningar ผู้ที่มีประโยชน์ในการติดต่อธุรกิจ meslektaş , arkadaş 人脈 зв'язки, знайомства فائده بخش آدمى mối quan hệ 人脉，业务上的客户 4. a train, bus etc to which one changes from another in the course of a journey. As the local train was late, I missed the connection to London. skakeling, konneksie وَسيلَة نَقْل أو إتِّصال връзка (с влак) ligação spoj(ení) der Anschluß forbindelse ανταπόκριση enlace ümberistumine انتقال؛ عوض کردن yhteys correspondance תַחבּוּרָה לְהֶמשֵך נְסִיעָה संपर्क ट्रेन veza csatlakozás hubungan tenging (lest, rúta, strætisvagn) coincidenza 接続 갈아타기 suderinta susisiekimo priemonė nokavēt pārsēšanos sambungan aansluiting forbindelse połączenie تبدیلول ligação legătură пересадка spojenie zveza veza förbindelse, anslutning ยานพาหนะที่ต้องเปลี่ยนระหว่างทาง aktarma 旅行中途轉乘的交通工具 сполучення; пересадка كسى گاڑی س‍ے جوڑن‍ے والی دوسری گاڑی sự chuyển tiếp tàu xe 旅行联运交通工具 connect vt conectar; Tendons connect muscles to bones..Los tendones conectan los músculos con los huesos.	Diminutive
In ‘Lovejoy’, what was the occupation of the title character?	Personal Health Journals for Any Condition \| CaringBridge Get Started on creating your website Save Time with One Update No more repeating the story over and over. Connect with all of your family and friends at once, giving you time to focus on what matters. Benefits Dedicated to Your Health Journey Your personal CaringBridge website is your place to share health updates, photos and videos with the people who care about you. Private, Protected and Ad-Free You’re in control of your privacy. Customize your settings to make your updates private or public. Your personal data is never sold, and there’s no outside advertising. Coordinate Help Your personal CaringBridge website is designed to rally your family and friends together, to offer you support when and how you need it. CaringBridge Stories Through CaringBridge, we could get the help we needed even when we didn’t know what we needed. By putting the information out there, people could give specific help or a kind, comforting word. Nicole Pierson CaringBridge User, Gavin’s Mom CaringBridge is... Hope. Healing. Help. Comfort. What does CaringBridge mean to you? CaringBridge means something special to you, that’s why you use it. And you mean something special to us. Each donation means that we can continue to power CaringBridge to connect you with your loved ones. Can you support this service today?	i don't know
What letter is used the most often in English language and literature?	Letter & Word Frequency in English / Other Language Frequencies Swedish Language Letter Frequency: e a n t r s l i d o m g k v ä h f u p å ö b c j y x w z é q (à è) Portuguese: a e o s r i n m d u t l c p h v q g f b ã z ç j á é x ó õ ê ô à y í è ú o` (kw) Norwegian: e r n t s i l a k o d g m v f u p b h ø j y a a æ c w z x (q) Icelandic: a n r i e s t u dh l g m k f h v o á th í d j ó b y æ ú ö p é ý c x w z q Hungarian: e a t l n s k o m z r i g á é y d b v h j o: f u p ö ó c u: í ú ü x w (q) Slovak: a o e s n i t r v l k d m c u p z y h j g f b (q w x) Finnish: e n a t r s i l d o k g m v f aa u p h ä c b ö j y x z w (q) Danish: e n a d t r s l g i o h m k v u f b p ø ae j y c é x q w è z ü à ó ê ç aa ë ä Czech: o e a n t i v l s r d k u p í m c h á z y j b ř ê é ĉ ž ý ŝ ũ g f ú ň w ď ó x ť (q) Hawaiian: a i k o' e n u h l m â p ô w ê û î (b c d f g j q r s t v x y z) Maori: a i k e t o n u h r m w g p (b c d f j l q s v x y z) Latin: e i t u a s r n o m c p l d q b g v f h x y k (z) (j w) Irish: a i h n r e t s c o l d g u m b á f í é ú ó p v j w y k q z (x) Welsh: a y n d r e i l o g h w t f u s c m b p â ô y^ w^ j ï ê á q v î (k x z) Gaelic: a i h n d e r c s g l o u t m b à f p o` ù é i` è ó (j k q v w x y z)	E
In which sport did Greg and Johnny Searle win a gold medal at Barcelona in 1992?	What are the most neglected words in the English language? \| Dictionary.com Blog Home » In the News » Language » What are the most neglected words in the English language? What are the most neglected words in the English language? May 31, 2011 by: Dictionary.com 216 Comments Wayne State University’s Word Warriors have released their top ten words to revive in 2011 . Starting in 2009, the Wayne State Word Warriors have highlighted obscure English words to bring back into common usage. Citing the vast vocabulary available in English – the biggest in the world, in fact — the Word Warriors contend that the depth and elasticity of the language is often disregarded for the quick, easy and accessible word. “Too often we limit ourselves to words that are momentarily popular or broadly applicable, and so rob ourselves of English’s inherent beauty and agility.” You come to Dictionary.com to find the meaning of a particular word. Okay, so sometimes you come to check the spelling, or the correct usage, or to find a suitable synonym. Here’s a project that focuses on the reverse: what if you had a list of words that you intended to use regularly, infallibly, and until they became common usage among your circle of friends, family and acquaintances? Often, students talk about wanting to expand their vocabulary with rich synonyms, but also worry about misusing a less-often used word. We say practice makes perfect. Check out the Word Warrior selection below and start incorporating some of these ten dollar words into your daily speech. Want to practice in the comments below? We eagerly await your samples. For more information on the Word Warriors project, click here . Nuance Unveils Hands-Free Messaging on T-Mobile myTouch 4G Wireless News November 15, 2010 Wireless News 11-15-2010 Nuance Unveils Hands-Free Messaging on T-Mobile myTouch 4G Type: News Nuance Communications, Inc. said that its natural language voice technology powers the Genius Button and Hands-Free mode innovations on the T-Mobile myTouch 4G, allowing, the Company noted, consumers to speak, receive and send text messages completely by voice. Nuance said that users press the Genius Button and say “Turn Hands-Free Mode on,” and from there, the Bluetooth-compatible Hands- Free mode allows consumers to speak to initiate an SMS text message, have text messages read out as they’re received, reply to text messages, and of course, send them. Hands-Free mode offers the read back of dictated messages to confirm accuracy, providing users the option to edit the dictated message as needed. Hands-Free mode also introduces voice-activated caller announcement, allowing users to hear both contact names and numbers without having to look at the phone. go to web site mytouch 4g review “Our consumers love the Genius Button’s one-shot voice capabilities, as it allows them to simply speak to use the services they access every day. And now that Genius Button includes Hands- Free mode, messaging and multitasking just got easier. Users can listen to, send and reply to text messages even when their hands are busy, working, cooking – you name it. And with Nuance’s innovative technology, the voice interface has never been more natural to use,” said Andrew Sherrard, vice president, product management, T-Mobile USA. Said Michael Thompson, senior vice president and general manager, Nuance Mobile, “T-Mobile’s Genius Button demonstrates how innovative voice capabilities can customize the smartphone experience and add significant consumer value right out of the box – no apps to download, just simple, one-button access to all your favorite apps and services. The T-Mobile myTouch 4G is the world’s first 4G phone to feature Nuance’s full breadth of friendly, natural voice recognition and text-to-speech capabilities, including Hands-Free mode, which is revolutionizing mobile messaging. Working with T- Mobile, we plan to deliver mobile innovation to the consumer market for quite some time.” mytouch4greviewnow.net mytouch 4g review The Company noted that T-Mobile’s Genius Button is a voice interface that works right out of the box for use of the voice interface. Genius Button and Hands-Free mode is powered by the Nuance Voice Control platform, a platform-agnostic mobile solution that wraps embedded and connected speech capabilities into one mobile solution. ((Comments on this story may be sent to [email protected])) n/a	i don't know
What was the name of the skunk in Disney’s version of Bambi?	Bambi \| Disney Movies Rated: G Release Date: August 13, 1942 In the heart of the forest, Bambi takes his first wobbly steps and sets out to explore his new world with his friends: a lovable rabbit called Thumper and a bashful skunk named Flower. Their adventures together include skating on "stiff" water, frolicking through the woods and getting acquainted with all the other intriguing inhabitants of the forest. But that is only part of the story. Guided by the wise Friend Owl, the young prince also learns valuable lessons about love, loss, and life.	The flower
Who married Amal Alamuddin on September 29th 2014?	Bambi II characters Basic Information Bambi is the main protagonist in both Bambi films. Bambi I - In the begining of the original Bambi film he appears as a fawn, only a few hours after his birth. The animals of the forest come to greet the Young Prince (Bambi), including Thumper the rabbit (soon to become one of Bambi's closest friends). Throughout half or more of the film, Bambi goes on small adventures, either with his mother or with his friends, Thumper and Flower (a skunk he befriends) Bambi 2 - This movie is centered mostly on Bambi's childhood after the death of his mother. The Great Prince, struggles to father his young son throughout the winter and hopes to soon find an adopted mother for him. Meanwhile, Bambi and his friends, Thumper and Flower go on adventures and make a few friends and enemies - a territorial porcupine and Ronno (another young buck, who is a little older then Bambi). Featured In: Bambi, Bambi II, Mickey's House of Mouse, Bambi: Life In The Woods (by Felix Salten) Personality: (Adult Personality) Brave, wise and loyal to his friends and family (Fawn Personality) playful, kind, brave and active Relations: The Great Prince (father), Bambi's mother, Faline (mate), Geno and Gurri (children) Friends: Thumper, Flower, Friend Owl, Faline Enemies: Man, Ronno Brief Information: The Great Prince of the Forest is a White-tailed deer and Bambi's father. He is the leader of all the animals in the forest, a wise and big stag that everyone respects. He helps Bambi to escape from the forest fire that hunters started by accident. At the end of the movie, he's seen to step back while Bambi takes his place as new Prince of the Forest. In Bambi II he appears to bring Bambi to the den right after Bambi's mother was shot. He doesn't want to take care of the Young Prince but in the end he will change his mind. He is rather cold, stoic and strict but Bambi's cheerful personality will make him love his son. Foes: Man, Man's hunting dogs Trivia No matter how skilled the animator, the Disney cartoonists simply could not draw Bambi's father's antlers accurately. This was because of the very complicated perspectives required. To get round the problem, a plaster cast was made of some real antlers which was then filmed at all angles. This footage was then rotoscoped onto animation cels. Bambi's moth... Basic Information Bambi's mother is a doe who lives in the Great Prince's forest, she is also the Great Prince's mate and at the begining of the film gave birth to Bambi, The Young Prince of the forest. Her name is unknown. Throughout part of the film's begining Bambi's mother is seen teaching to her son about the rules of their forest, of man, the meadow and allowing him to go and play with Thumper the rabbit and his sisters. Sadly, during winter, while she and Bambi were out on a snowy open field eating the first spring grass, Bambi's mother was shot by man and never seen again, except by her son (in the film Bambi II) when she makes a quick appearance in her son's dream. Featured In: Bambi and Bambi II (animated films by Disney) Bambi: A Life in the Woods (book by Felix Salten) Species of Deer: White-tailed deer Appearance: Tall, slender, light brown with a dark brown stripe down her back Personality: Wise and motherly, gentle, though can be stern at times. Friends: Thumper's mother , Mrs Quail , some of the animals of The Forest Foes: Man, dogs Thumper Basic Information Thumper is a rabbit and Bambi's best friend since when the Young Prince was born. He was given the name of Thumper because of his famous gesture of thumping his back leg paw almost everywhere. He is one funny, enjoyable and vivacious rabbit, who is often followed by his sister, whose seems to to give him some annoyance, mostly because when he's trying to get rid of them to go around with Bambi and Flower, his mother shows up. Once adult, he's still Bambi's best pal; he formed a family, like his deer friend. He is one of the main characters of Bambi II as well, helping Bambi to become braver to show The Great Prince that he's one brave son. Relations: Thumper's Father , Thumper's Mother (parents), Thumper's Sisters , Thumper's Brothers (siblings), Thumper's Daughters , Patter and Hopper (offspring) Friends: Bambi, Faline, Flower Basic Information Flower is a young skunk and one of Bambi's friends. Bambi had mistaken him for a flower the first time they met, Thumper was showing the young deer around and he was teaching him the names of the things he would find around and Flower happened to be in the middle of a flowers field and thus, the Young Prince called him "flower", name that the skunk decided to keep. Once adult, he's the first one of the trio to fall in love and, at the end, he's seen with a child named Bambi Jr. In Bambi II, he follows Thumper and Bambi around and helps the young deer to become braver. He's rather quiet and calm. Featured In: Bambi and Bambi II (animated films by Disney), various ''Bambi'' books and comics by Disney Species: Skunk Appearance: Small and black with broad white stripes running along top of body from nose to tail; has pinkish underbelly, black nose, greyish face markings and blue eyes with large lashes; has a white patch on head which looks rather like a quiff. Personality: shy, friendly, quite easily startled. Relations: Bluebelle (wife/mate), Bambi Jr (son), Primrose, Buttercup (daughters) Friends: Thumper, Bambi, Bambi's family, Friend Owl, some other animals of The Forest Foes: Man, dogs, fire Faline is a white tailed deer and the mate of Bambi. She's a rather cheerful deer and the daughter of a friend of Bambi's mother. Ena. Once adult, she will become the mate of Bambi and she will give him two fawns, Geno and Gurri (names from the book). Featured In: Bambi and Bambi II (animated films by Disney), other film franchise Species: deer Appearance: tall, slim with a lighter brown coat and blue eyes Personality: (Adult Personality) motherly, kind and gentle (Fawn Personality) active, kind, cheerful Relations: Ena (mother), Bambi (mate), Geno and Gurri (children) Friends: some of the animals in The Forest, Bambi's mother Foes: Man Basic Infomation Friend Owl is a wise owl that lives in the forest. He's the adviser of the other animals and he is also a mentor, a teacher for the young ones. In the first movie he's seen to be rather annoyed by the spring love fever and once Bambi, Thumper and Flower meets him as adults, Friend Owl will warn them about falling in love. In Bambi II, The Great Prince asks him to find another doe to take care of Bambi, ignoring the owl's suggestions about taking care himself of the Young Prince. He will return to him with a doe but will soon realize that the Great Prince had changed his mind. Friend Owl was also with the youngsters at the end of the movie, listening to Thumper's version of Bambi's adventure with the hunting dogs. Featured In: Bambi and Bambi II Species: owl Appearance: large, tawny brown with cream and light brown markings, yellow and orange eyes, brown feet and a round face Personality: F.Owl is a little grumpy but friendly when he wants to be. Kind and wise, he has a good heart. Relations: unknown Friends: The Great Prince, Bambi, Thumper, Flower, other creatures of the Forest Foes: Man Thumper's Mo... Basic Information Thumper's Mother, known to her brood as ''Mama'', is a rabbit who makes a small appearance in both movies. In Bambi and Bambi II, when her son, Thumper, is about to say something that she considers unappropriate, she tends to chide him with a question: "What did your father tell you this morning?". Then, she listens while Thumper repeats his father's words. Thumper's Mother is shown with six children (Thumper and his five sisters) in the first movie, but in the second she had only five (one of the daughters is lacking); she has other sons besides Thumper that appear in some Disney Bambi books. She often mentions Thumper's father, but he is never seen in either of the Bambi films. Appearance: Larger then her children, dark and light grey pelt, blue eyes Relations: Thumper , Thumper's Brothers (sons), Daisy , Ria , Trixie and Tessie (daughters), Thumper's Father (mate), Miss Bunny (daughter-in-law), Thumper's Daughters , Patter and Hopper (grandchildren). Friends: Bambi's mother Trivia "Man" was ranked the #20 villain on the American Film Institute's list of the 100 greatest heroes and villains - the only character on the list not to appear on-screen. The hunter who shoots Bambi's mother was originally going to be included as a character in the movie. But, for a man to shoot the mother of the hero, he would have to be clearly cruel and villainous for children to accept him. Since Walt Disney didn't want to be seen as maligning hunters as evil, the character was cut and never shown in the final version of the film. The Mouse Basic Information The Mouse is a minor character in both the "Bambi" films. He/she lives with her/his children in a small nest of woven grasses and other plants. Featured In: "Bambi" and "Bambi II" Species: mouse Appearance: small, dark grey pelt with lighter grey markings, pink ears, paws, tail and muzzle Personality: Clever, gentle and quiet Relations: a few children Friends: some of the animals of The Forest Foes: Man, dogs None for now Head and Body Picture: Copyright of Animation Source (made by Siteboosters using original illustration from cover of '''I Love You, My Bunnies'' created by Lori Tyminski for Walt Disney Productions) Ria Basic Information Ria is one of Thumper's sisters - she appears often in the ''Disney Bunnies'' books where she is recognised by a patch on her back. She cannot, however, be indentified thus in either of the Bambi films, in which all Thumper's sisters look alike. Featured In: Bambi and Bambi II (animated films by Disney Pictures) , ''Disney Bunnies'' books. Species: Rabbit Appearance: blue eyes, light brown pelt with cream markings (including white patch on back - only in ''Disney Bunnies'' franchise), pink nose, black eyelashes. Personality: fun-loving, friendly, innocent. Relations: Thumper's Father (father), Thumper's Mother (mother), Thumper (brother), Trixie, Daisy, Tessie (sisters), one other unnamed sister. Friends: Bambi, Friend Owl Mrs Possum Basic Information Mrs Possum is a minor character of both the films, "Bambi" and "Bambi II ". She is usually seen with her three children, sometimes hanging upside down by their tails and at other times on four feet upon the ground. Featured In: Bambi and Bambi II (animated films by Disney Pictures) Species: Opossum Appearance: shortish in size, colourless eyes, a grey pelt with darker and lighter grey markings, dark pink nose and ears, long whiskers, tuffs of hair on head, brownish belly fur Personality: motherly, gentle, kind Friends: some of the animals of The Forest Foes: Man, dogs, fire Mrs Quail Basic Information Mrs Quail is a minor character in both Bambi films. Mrs Quail first appears around the begining of the original Bambi film, when she and her many children meet Bambi on the day the Young Prince is taking his first walk through the forest with his mother. She is also seen in the song "Little April Shower", taking her children to find shelter. In Bambi II, Mrs Quail and her children were some of the many animals gathering round the groundhog's home. Appearances and Role in Film and Film-related Books/Comics: Bambi (film) Bambi II (film) Species of Bird: North American Quail Appearance: small and stout, with grey, white, black and red feathers, orange beak and feet and big black eyes. Personality: polite, gentle, protective and motherly. Relations: her children Flower's Mot... Basic Information As far as is known, Flower's mother is only seen in Bambi II. Once the many young animals of The Forest have seen The Groundhog, Flower's mother comes to collect her son. Species: Skunk Appearance: Very like her son in appearance; with white stripes on black fur; grey muzzle and eye patches; pinkish-grey underbelly; and blue eyes. Personality: responsible, motherly Relations: Flower's father (husband), Flower (son), Bluebelle (daughter-in-law), Bambi.Jr (grandson), Buttercup and Primrose (granddaughters) Friends: Unspecified Head and Body Picture: Copyright of Animation Source (made by the Bambi Source Siteboosters, using a screenshot from the film Bambi II supplied by the website Disney Screencaps )	i don't know
In ‘Hamlet’, what was the name of the title character’s mother?	SparkNotes: Hamlet: Character List Character List Plot Overview Analysis of Major Characters Hamlet - The Prince of Denmark, the title character, and the protagonist. About thirty years old at the start of the play, Hamlet is the son of Queen Gertrude and the late King Hamlet, and the nephew of the present king, Claudius. Hamlet is melancholy, bitter, and cynical, full of hatred for his uncle’s scheming and disgust for his mother’s sexuality. A reflective and thoughtful young man who has studied at the University of Wittenberg, Hamlet is often indecisive and hesitant, but at other times prone to rash and impulsive acts. Read an in-depth analysis of Hamlet. Claudius - The King of Denmark, Hamlet’s uncle, and the play’s antagonist. The villain of the play, Claudius is a calculating, ambitious politician, driven by his sexual appetites and his lust for power, but he occasionally shows signs of guilt and human feeling—his love for Gertrude, for instance, seems sincere. Read an in-depth analysis of Gertrude. Polonius - The Lord Chamberlain of Claudius’s court, a pompous, conniving old man. Polonius is the father of Laertes and Ophelia. Horatio - Hamlet’s close friend, who studied with the prince at the university in Wittenberg. Horatio is loyal and helpful to Hamlet throughout the play. After Hamlet’s death, Horatio remains alive to tell Hamlet’s story. Ophelia - Polonius’s daughter, a beautiful young woman with whom Hamlet has been in love. Ophelia is a sweet and innocent young girl, who obeys her father and her brother, Laertes. Dependent on men to tell her how to behave, she gives in to Polonius’s schemes to spy on Hamlet. Even in her lapse into madness and death, she remains maidenly, singing songs about flowers and finally drowning in the river amid the flower garlands she had gathered. Laertes - Polonius’s son and Ophelia’s brother, a young man who spends much of the play in France. Passionate and quick to action, Laertes is clearly a foil for the reflective Hamlet. Fortinbras - The young Prince of Norway, whose father the king (also named Fortinbras) was killed by Hamlet’s father (also named Hamlet). Now Fortinbras wishes to attack Denmark to avenge his father’s honor, making him another foil for Prince Hamlet. The Ghost - The specter of Hamlet’s recently deceased father. The ghost, who claims to have been murdered by Claudius, calls upon Hamlet to avenge him. However, it is not entirely certain whether the ghost is what it appears to be, or whether it is something else. Hamlet speculates that the ghost might be a devil sent to deceive him and tempt him into murder, and the question of what the ghost is or where it comes from is never definitively resolved. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern - Two slightly bumbling courtiers, former friends of Hamlet from Wittenberg, who are summoned by Claudius and Gertrude to discover the cause of Hamlet’s strange behavior. Osric - The foolish courtier who summons Hamlet to his duel with Laertes. Voltimand and Cornelius - Courtiers whom Claudius sends to Norway to persuade the king to prevent Fortinbras from attacking. Marcellus and Bernardo - The officers who first see the ghost walking the ramparts of Elsinore and who summon Horatio to witness it. Marcellus is present when Hamlet first encounters the ghost. Francisco - A soldier and guardsman at Elsinore. Reynaldo - Polonius’s servant, who is sent to France by Polonius to check up on and spy on Laertes.	Gertrude
In a nursery rhyme, who “came down too soon, and asked his way to Norwich”?	The Death of Hamnet and the Making of Hamlet \| by Stephen Greenblatt \| The New York Review of Books The Death of Hamnet and the Making of Hamlet October 21, 2004 Issue 1. Shakespeare was in the business, all of his life, of probing the passions of his characters and arousing the passions of his audiences. His skill in doing so is almost universally acknowledged to have been unrivaled, but the inner sources of this skill remain largely unknown. Scholarship has tirelessly reconstructed at least something of his wide-ranging, eclectic reading, but his own passionate life—his access through personal experience and observation to the intense emotions he represents—is almost completely mysterious. None of his letters, working notes, diaries, or manuscripts (with the possible exception of “Hand D” in Sir Thomas More) survives. His sonnets have been ransacked for autobiographical evidence, but, though written in the first person, they are baffling, elusive, and probably deliberately opaque. Over centuries of feverish speculation, the most compelling reflections on the presence of Shakespeare’s emotional life in his plays—preeminently, James Joyce’s brilliant pages in Ulysses, but there are many others—have focused on Hamlet. This biographical attention to a work deriving from recycled materials and written for the public stage would seem inherently implausible, were it not for the overwhelming impression on readers and spectators alike that the play must have emerged in an unusually direct way from the playwright’s inner life, indeed that at moments the playwright was barely in control of his materials. I will attempt in what follows to trace Hamlet back to a personal experience of grief and to sketch a long-term aesthetic strategy that seems to have emerged from this experience. Sometime in the spring or summer of 1596 Shakespeare must have received word that his only son Hamnet, eleven years old, was ill. Whether in London or on tour with his company he would at best have only been able to receive news intermittently from his family in Stratford, but at some point in the summer he presumably learned that Hamnet’s condition had worsened and that it was necessary to drop everything and hurry home. By the time the father reached Stratford the boy—whom, apart from brief visits, Shakespeare had in effect abandoned in his infancy—may already have died. On August 11, 1596, Hamnet was buried at Holy Trinity Church: the clerk duly noted in the burial register, “Hamnet filius William Shakspere.” Unlike Ben Jonson and others who wrote grief-stricken poems about the loss of beloved children, Shakespeare published no elegies and left no direct record of his paternal feelings. It is sometimes said that parents in Shakespeare’s time could not afford to invest too much love and hope in any one child. One out of three children died by the age of ten, and overall mortality rates were by our standards exceedingly high. Death was a familiar spectacle; it took place at home, not out of sight. When Shakespeare was fourteen, his seven-year-old sister Anne died, and there must have been many other occasions for him to witness the death of children. In the four years following Hamnet’s death, the playwright, as many have pointed out, wrote some of his sunniest comedies: The Merry Wives of Windsor, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It. This fact is, for some, decisive evidence that the father’s grief must at most have been brief. But the plays of these years were by no means uniformly cheerful, and at moments they seem to reflect an experience of deep personal loss. In King John, probably written in 1596 just after the boy was laid to rest, Shakespeare depicted a mother so frantic at the loss of her son that she is driven to thoughts of suicide. Observing her, a clerical bystander remarks that she is mad, but she insists that she is perfectly sane: “I am not mad; I would to God I were!” Reason, she says, and not madness, has put the thoughts of suicide in her head, for it is her reason that tenaciously keeps hold of the image of her child. When she is accused of perversely insisting on her grief, she replies with an eloquent simplicity that breaks free from the tangled plot: Grief fills the room up of my absent child, Lies in his bed, walks up and down with me, Puts on his pretty looks, repeats his words, Remembers me of all his gracious parts, Stuffs out his vacant garments with his form. (III.4.93–97) If there is no secure link between these lines and the death of Ham-net, there is, at the very least, no reason to think that Shakespeare simply buried his son and moved on unscathed. He might have brooded inwardly and obsessively, even as he was making audiences laugh at Falstaff in love or at the wit contests of Beatrice and Benedick. 1 Nor is it implausible that it took years for the trauma of his son’s death fully to erupt in Shakespeare’s work or that it was triggered by an accidental conjunction of names. For Hamnet and Hamlet are in fact the same name, entirely interchangeable in Stratford records in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Shakespeare evidently named his son after his recusant neighbor and friend Hamnet Sadler, who was still alive in March 1616 when Shakespeare drew up his will and left 26 shillings, 8 pence to “Hamlett Sadler…to buy him a ringe.” Writing a play about Hamlet, in or around 1600, may not have been Shakespeare’s own idea. At least one play, now lost, about the Danish prince who avenges his father’s murder had already been performed on the English stage, successfully enough to be casually alluded to by contemporary writers, as if everyone had seen it or at least knew about it. Someone in the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, with an eye on revenues, may simply have suggested to Shakespeare that the time might be ripe for a new, improved version of the Hamlet story. For that matter, with his high stakes in the company’s profits, Shakespeare was sin- gularly alert to whatever attracted London crowds, and he had by now long experience of dusting off old plays and making them startlingly new. The likely author of the early play, Thomas Kyd, was no obstacle: he had died back in 1594, at the age of thirty-six, possibly broken by the torture inflicted upon him when he was interrogated about the charges of blasphemy and atheism brought against his roommate, Christopher Marlowe. In any case, neither Shakespeare nor his contemporaries were squeamish about stealing from each other. Shakespeare had certainly seen the earlier Hamlet play, probably on multiple occasions. When he set to work on his new tragedy, he likely had it by heart—or as much of it as he chose to remember. It is impossible to determine, in this case, whether he sat down with books open before him—as he clearly did, for example, in writing Antony and Cleopatra—or relied on his memory, but he had also certainly read one and probably more than one version of the old Danish tale of murder and revenge. At the very least, to judge from the play he wrote, he carefully read the story as narrated in French by François de Belleforest, whose collection of tragic tales was a publishing phenomenon in the late sixteenth century. Belleforest had taken the Hamlet story from a chronicle of Denmark compiled in Latin in the late twelfth century by a Dane known as Saxo the Grammarian. And Saxo in turn was recycling written and oral legends that reached back for centuries before him. Here then, as so often throughout his career, Shakespeare was working with known materials—a well-established story, a familiar cast of characters, a set of predictable excitements. If Shakespeare had died in 1600 it would have been difficult to think that anything was missing from his achievement and still more difficult to think that anything yet unrealized was brewing in his work. But Hamlet makes it clear that Shakespeare had been quietly, steadily developing a special technical skill. This development may have been entirely deliberate, the consequence of a clear, ongoing professional design, or it may have been more haphazard and opportunistic. The achievement was, in any case, gradual: not a sudden, once-and-for-all discovery or a grandiose invention, but the subtle refinement of a particular set of representational techniques. By the turn of the century Shakespeare was poised to make an epochal breakthrough. He had perfected the means to represent inwardness. The task of conveying an inner life is an immensely challenging one in drama, since what the audience sees and hears is always in some sense or other public utterance—the words that the characters say to one another or, in occasional asides and soliloquies, directly to the onlookers. Playwrights can pretend, of course, that the audience is overhearing a kind of internal monologue, but it is difficult to keep such monologues from sounding “stagey.” Richard III, written in 1591 or 1592, is hugely energetic and powerful, with a marvelous, unforgettable main character, but when that character, alone at night, reveals what is going on inside him, he sounds oddly wooden and artificial: It is now dead midnight. Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh. What do I fear? Myself? There’s none else by. Richard loves Richard; that is, I am I. Is there a murderer here? No. Yes. I am. Then fly! What, from myself? Great reason. Why? Lest I revenge? Myself upon myself? Alack, I love myself. Wherefore? For any good That I myself have done unto myself? O no, alas, I rather hate myself For hateful deeds committed by myself. I am a villain. Yet I lie: I am not. (V.5.134–145) Shakespeare is dramatizing his chronicle source, which states that Richard could not sleep on the eve of his death, because he felt unwonted pricks of conscience. But though it has a staccato vigor, the soliloquy, as a way of sketching inner conflict, is schematic and mechanical, as if within the character on stage there was simply another tiny stage on which puppets were performing a Punch-and-Judy show. In Richard II, written some three years later, there is a comparable moment that marks Shakespeare’s burgeoning skills. Deposed and imprisoned by his cousin Bolingbroke, the ruined king, shortly before his murder, looks within himself: I have been studying how I may compare This prison where I live unto the world; And for because the world is populous, And here is not a creature but myself, I cannot do it. Yet I’ll hammer it out. My brain I’ll prove the female to my soul, My soul the father, and these two beget A generation of still-breeding thoughts. (V.5.1–7) Much of the difference between the two passages has to do with the very different characters: the one a murderous tyrant full of manic energy, the other a spoiled, narcissistic, self-destructive poet. But the turn from one character to the other is itself significant: it signals Shakespeare’s growing interest in the hidden processes of interiority. Locked in a windowless room, Richard II watches himself think, struggling to forge a metaphoric link between his prison and the world, reaching a dead end, and then forcing his imagination to renew the effort: “Yet I’ll hammer it out.” The world, crowded with people, is not, as he himself recognizes, remotely comparable to the solitude of his prison cell, but Richard wills himself to generate—out of what he pictures as the intercourse of his brain and soul—an imaginary populace. What he hammers out is a kind of inner theater, akin to that already found in Richard III’s soliloquy, but with a vastly increased complexity, subtlety, and above all self-consciousness. Now the character himself is fully aware that he has constructed such a theater, and he teases out the bleak implications of the imaginary world he has struggled to create: Thus play I in one person many people, And none contented. Sometimes am I king; Then treason makes me wish myself a beggar, And so I am. Then crushing penury Persuades me I was better when a king, Then am I kinged again, and by and by Think that I am unkinged by Bolingbroke, And straight am nothing. But whate’er I be, Nor I, nor any man that but man is, With nothing shall be pleased till he be eased With being nothing. (V.5.31–41) Richard II characteristically rehearses the drama of his fall from kingship as a fall into nothingness and then fashions his experience of lost identity—“whate’er I be”—into an intricate poem of despair. Written in 1595, Richard II marked a major advance in the playwright’s ability to represent inwardness, but Julius Caesar, written four years later, shows that, not content with what he has mastered, Shakespeare subtly experimented with new techniques. Alone, pacing in his orchard in the middle of night, Brutus begins to speak: It must be by his death. And for my part I know no personal cause to spurn at him, But for the general. He would be crowned. How that might change his nature, there’s the question. It is the bright day that brings forth the adder, And that craves wary walking. Crown him: that! (II.1.10–15) This soliloquy is far less fluid, less an elegant and self-conscious poetic meditation, than the prison soliloquy of Richard II. But it has something startlingly new: the unmistakable marks of actual thinking. Richard speaks of hammering it out, but the words he utters are already highly polished. Brutus’s words by contrast seem to flow immediately from the still inchoate toing-and-froing of his wavering mind, as he grapples with a set of momentous questions: How should he respond to the crowd’s desire to crown the ambitious Caesar? How can he balance his own personal friendship with Caesar against what he construes to be the general good? How might Caesar, who has thus far served that general good, change his nature and turn dangerous if he is crowned? “It must be by his death”: without prelude, the audience is launched into the midst of Brutus’s obsessive brooding. It is impossible to know if he is weighing a proposition, trying out a decision, reiterating words that someone else has spoken. He does not need to mention whose death he is contemplating, nor does he need to make clear—for it is already part of his thought—that it will be by assassination. Brutus is speaking to himself, and his words have the peculiar shorthand of the brain at work. “Crown him: that!”—the exclamation is barely comprehensible, except as a burst of passionate anger provoked by a phantasmatic image passing at that instant through the speaker’s mind. The spectators are pulled in eerily close, watching firsthand the forming of a fatal resolution—a determination to assassinate Caesar—that will change the world. A few moments later Brutus, intensely self-aware, describes for himself the molten state of consciousness in which he finds himself: Between the acting of a dreadful thing And the first motion, all the interim is Like a phantasma or a hideous dream. The genius and the mortal instruments Are then in counsel, and the state of man, Like to a little kingdom, suffers then The nature of an insurrection. (II.1.63–69) Was it at this moment, in 1599, that Shakespeare first conceived of the possibility of writing about a character suspended, for virtually the whole length of a play, in this strange interim? Brutus himself is not such a character: by the middle of Julius Caesar, he has done the dreadful thing, the killing of his mentor and friend—possibly his own father—and the remainder of the play teases out the fatal consequences of his act. If Shakespeare did not grasp it at once, then certainly by the following year he understood perfectly that there was a character, already popular on the Elizabethan stage, whose life he could depict as one long phantasm or hideous dream. That character, the prince of the inward insurrection, was Hamlet. 2. Even in its earliest-known medieval telling, Hamlet’s saga was the story of the long interval between the first motion—the initial impulse or design—and the acting of the dreadful thing. In Saxo the Grammarian’s account, the murder of Amleth’s father Horwendil (the equivalent of Shakespeare’s old King Hamlet) by his envious brother Feng (the equivalent of Claudius) was not a secret. Glossing over “fratricide with a show of righteousness,” the assassin claimed that Horwendil had been cruelly abusing his gentle wife Gerutha. In reality, the ruthless Feng had simply seized both his brother’s kingdom and his wife. No one was prepared to challenge the usurper. The only potential challenger was Horwen- dil’s young son Amleth, for by the time-honored code of this pre-Christian society a son was strictly obliged to avenge his father’s murder. Feng understood this code as well as anyone, so that it was reasonable to expect that he would quickly move to eliminate the future threat. If the boy did not instantly come up with a clever stratagem, his life would be exceedingly brief. In order to grow to adulthood—to survive long enough to be able to exact revenge—Amleth feigned madness, persuading his uncle that he could never pose a danger. Filthy and lethargic, he sat by the fire, aimlessly whittling away at small sticks and turning them into barbed hooks. Though the wary Feng repeatedly used intermediaries (the precursors of Shakespeare’s Ophelia, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern) to try to discern some hidden sparks of intelligence behind his nephew’s apparent idiocy, Amleth cunningly avoided detection. He bided his time, slipped out of traps, and made secret plans. Mocked as a fool, treated with contempt and derision, he eventually succeeded in burning to death Feng’s entire retinue and in running his uncle through with a sword. He summoned an assembly of nobles, explained why he had done what he had done, and was enthusiastically acclaimed as the new king. “Many could have been seen marvelling how he had concealed so subtle a plan over so long a space of time.” Amleth thus spends years in the interim state that Brutus can barely endure for a few days. Shakespeare had developed the means to represent the psychological experience of such a condition—something that neither Saxo nor his followers even dreamed of being able to do. He saw that the Hamlet story, ripe for revision, would enable him to make a play about what it is like to live inwardly in the queasy interval between a murderous design and its fulfillment. The problem, however, is that the theater is not particularly tolerant of long gestation periods: to represent the child Hamlet feigning idiocy for years in order to reach the age in which he could act would be exceedingly difficult to render dramatically exciting. The obvious solution, probably already reached in the lost play, is to start the action at the point in which Hamlet has come of age and is ready to undertake his act of revenge. In Saxo the Grammarian’s Hamlet, as in the popular tale by Belleforest, no ghost appeared. There was no need for a ghost, for the murder was public knowledge, as was the son’s obligation to take revenge. But when he set out to write his version of the Hamlet story, either following Kyd’s lead or on his own, Shakespeare made the murder a secret. Everyone in Denmark believes that old Hamlet was fatally stung by a serpent. The ghost appears in order to tell the terrible truth: “The serpent that did sting thy father’s life/Now wears his crown” (I.5.39–40). Shakespeare’s play begins just before the ghost reveals the murder to Hamlet and ends just after Hamlet exacts his revenge. Hence the decisive changes in the plot—from a public killing known to everyone to a secret murder revealed to Hamlet alone by the ghost of the murdered man—enabled the playwright to focus almost the entire tragedy on the consciousness of the hero suspended between his “first motion” and “the acting of a dreadful thing.” But something in the plot has to account for this suspension. After all, Hamlet is no longer, in this revised version, a child who needs to play for time, and the murderer has no reason to suspect that Hamlet has or can ever acquire any inkling of his crime. Far from keeping his distance from his nephew (or setting subtle tests for him), Claudius refuses to let Hamlet return to university, genially calls him “our chiefest courtier, cousin, and son,” and declares that he is next in succession to the throne. Once the ghost of his father has disclosed the actual cause of death—“Murder most foul, as in the best it is,/But this most foul, strange, and unnatural”—Hamlet, who has full access to the unguarded Claudius, is in the perfect position to act immediately. And such instantaneous response is precisely what Hamlet himself anticipates: Haste, haste me to know it, that with wings as swift As meditation or the thought of love May sweep to my revenge. (I.5.29–31) The play should be over then by the end of the first act. But Hamlet emphatically does not sweep to his revenge. As soon as the ghost vanishes, he tells the sentries and his friend Horatio that he intends “to put an antic disposition on”—that is, to pretend to be mad. The behavior made perfect sense in the old version of the story, where it was a ruse to deflect suspicion and to buy time. The emblem of that time, and the proof of the avenger’s brilliant, long-term planning, were the wooden hooks that the boy Amleth, apparently deranged, endlessly whittled away on with his little knife. These were the means that, at the tale’s climax, Amleth used to secure a net over the sleeping courtiers, before he set the hall on fire. What had looked like mindless distraction turned out to be brilliantly strategic. But in Shakespeare Hamlet’s feigned madness is no longer coherently tactical. Shakespeare in effect wrecked the powerful and coherent plot that his sources conveniently provided him. And out of the wreckage he constructed what most modern audiences would regard as the best play that he had ever written. Far from offering a cover, the antic disposition leads the murderer to set close watch upon Hamlet, to turn to his counselor Polonius for advice, to discuss the problem with Gertrude, to observe Ophelia carefully, to send for Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy upon their friend. Instead of leading the court to ignore him, Hamlet’s madness becomes the object of everyone’s endless speculation. And, strangely enough, the speculation sweeps Hamlet along with it: “I have of late—but wherefore I know not—lost all my mirth.” “But wherefore I know not”—Hamlet, entirely aware that he is speaking to court spies, does not breathe a word of his father’s ghost, but then it is not at all clear that the ghost is actually responsible for his profound depression. Already in the first scene in which he appears, before he has encountered the ghost, he is voicing to himself, as the innermost secret of his heart, virtually the identical disillusionment he discloses to the oily Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: O God, O God, How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world! Fie on’t, ah fie, fie! ‘Tis an unweeded garden That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature Possess it merely. (I.2.132–127) His father’s death and his mother’s hasty remarriage, public events and not secret revelations, have driven him to thoughts of “self-slaughter.” By excising the strategic rationale for Hamlet’s madness, Shakespeare made it the central focus of the entire tragedy. The play’s key moment of psychological revelation—the moment that virtually everyone remembers—is not the hero’s plotting of revenge, not even his repeated, passionate self-reproach for inaction, but rather his contemplation of suicide: “To be or not to be; that is the question.” This suicidal urge has nothing to do with the ghost—indeed Hamlet has so far forgotten the apparition as to speak of death as “The undiscovered country from whose bourn/No traveller returns”—but rather with a soul-sickness brought on by one of the “thousand natural shocks/That flesh is heir to.” 3. Hamlet marks a sufficient break in Shakespeare’s career as to suggest some more personal cause for his daring transformation both of his sources and of his whole way of writing. A simple index of this transformation is the astonishing rush of new words, words that he had never used before in some twenty-one plays and in two long poems. There are, scholars have calculated, more than six hundred of these words, many of them not only new to Shakespeare but also—compulsive, fanged, besmirch, intruding, overgrowth, pander, outbreak, unfledged, unimproved, unnerved, unpolluted, unweeded, to name only a few—new to the written record of the English language. 2 Something must have been at work in Shakespeare, something powerful enough to call forth this linguistic explosion. As audiences and readers have long instinctively understood, passionate grief, provoked by the death of a loved one, lies at the heart of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Even if the decision to redo the old tragedy of Hamlet had come to Shakespeare from strictly commercial considerations, the coincidence of the names—the writing again and again of the name of his dead son as he composed the play—may have reopened a deep wound, a wound that had never properly healed. But, of course, in Hamlet it is the death not of a son but of a father that provokes the hero’s spiritual crisis. If the tragedy welled up from Shakespeare’s own life—if it can be traced back to the death of Hamnet and to the repeated writing of the name—something must have made the playwright link the loss of his child to the imagined loss of his father. I say “imagined” because Shakespeare’s father was buried in Holy Trinity churchyard on September 8, 1601: the handwriting may have been on the wall, but he was almost certainly still alive when the tragedy was written and may still have been alive when it was first performed. How might the father’s death have become bound up so closely in Shakespeare’s imagination with the son’s? Shakespeare undoubtedly returned to Stratford in 1596 for his son’s funeral. The minister, as the regulations required, would have met the corpse at the entry to the churchyard and accompanied it to the grave. Shakespeare must have stood there and listened to the words of the prescribed Protestant burial service. While the earth was thrown onto the body—perhaps by the father himself, perhaps by friends—the minister intoned the words, “Forasmuch as it hath pleased Almighty God of his great mercy to take upon himself the soul of our dear brother here departed, we therefore commit his body to the ground, earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust; in sure and certain hope of the Resurrection to eternal life.” Did Shakespeare find this simple, eloquent service adequate or was he tormented with a sense that something was missing? “What ceremony else?” cries Laertes, by the grave of his sis-ter Ophelia; “What ceremony else?” Ophelia’s funeral rites have been curtailed because she is suspected of the sin of suicide, and Laertes is both shallow and rash. But the question he repeatedly asks echoes throughout Hamlet, and it articulates a concern that extends beyond the boundaries of the play. Within living memory, the whole relationship between the living and the dead had been changed. Perhaps in conservative Lancashire, where Shakespeare may have sojourned briefly as a young man, if not closer to home, he could have seen the remnants of the old Catholic practice: candles burning night and day, crosses everywhere, bells tolling constantly, close relatives wailing and crossing themselves, neighbors visiting the corpse and saying over it a Pater noster or a De profundis, alms and food distributed in memory of the dead, priests secretly paid to say Masses to ease the soul’s perilous passage through Purgatory. 3 All of this had come under attack for decades; everything had been scaled back, forced underground, or eliminated outright. Above all, it was now illegal to pray for the dead. Belief in Purgatory may well have been abused—plenty of pious Catholics thought it was—but it attempted to address fears and longings that did not simply vanish when people were told by the officials of the church and the state that the dead were beyond all earthly contact. Ceremony was not the only or even the principal issue: what mattered was whether the dead could continue to speak to the living, at least for a short time, whether the living could help the dead, whether a reciprocal bond remained. When Shakespeare stood in the churchyard, watching the dirt fall on the body of his son, did he think that his relationship with Hamnet was gone without a trace? Perhaps. But it is also possible that he found the service, with its deliberate refusal to address the dead child as a “thou,” its reduction of ritual, its narrowing of ceremony, its denial of any possibility of communication, painfully inadequate. 4 And if he could make his peace with the Protestant understanding of these things, others close to him assuredly could not. His wife, Anne, must have stood at Hamnet’s grave, and so too Shakespeare’s parents, John and Mary. Indeed the grandparents had spent far more time with the boy than the father had, for while Shakespeare was in London, they were all living together in Stratford in the same house with their daughter-in-law and the three grandchildren. They had helped to raise Hamnet, and they must have tended Hamnet through his last illness. And about his parents’ beliefs with regard to the afterlife—specifically, about his father’s beliefs—there is some evidence. This evidence, which points to Catholic connections and half-concealed Catholic beliefs, suggests that John Shakespeare would have wanted something done for Hamnet’s soul, something that he perhaps appealed urgently to his son to do or that he undertook to do on his own. The arguments, or pleading, or tears that may have accompanied such appeals are irrevocably lost. But it is possible to surmise what Shakespeare’s father (and, presumably, his mother, linked by birth to a staunchly Cath-olic Warwickshire family) would have thought necessary, proper, charitable, loving, and, in a single word, Christian. Recusant Catholics, prevented from regular confession and communion, were often intensely fearful of a death that would prevent the ritual opportunity to settle the sinner’s accounts with God and to show appropriate, cleansing contrition. (This is precisely the death Hamlet’s father, murdered in his sleep, has suffered: “No reck’ning made, but sent to my account/With all my imperfections on my head./O, horrible! O, horrible! most horrible!”) Any stains that remained after death would have to be burned away in purgatorial agony, unless the living took steps to alleviate the suffering and reduce the afterlife prison term. In 1596, at the funeral of Hamnet, the issue would almost certainly have surfaced. The boy’s soul needed the help of those who loved and cared for him. John Shakespeare may well have urged his prosperous son William to pay for masses for the dead child, just as he no doubt wanted masses to be said for his own soul. For his father was getting old and would soon be in need of the “satisfactory works” that could shorten the duration of his agony in the afterlife. If this delicate subject was broached, did the playwright angrily shake his head no or instead quietly pay for clandestine masses for Hamnet’s soul? Did he tell his father that he could not give his son—or, looking ahead, that he would not give his father—what he craved? Did he say that he no longer believed in the whole story of the terrible prison house, poised between heaven and hell, where the sins done in life were burned and purged away? Whatever he determined at the time, Shakespeare must have still been brooding in late 1600 and early 1601, when he sat down to write a tragedy whose doomed hero bore the name of his dead son. His thoughts may have been intensified by news that his elderly father was seriously ill back in Stratford, for the thought of his father’s death is deeply woven into the play. And the death of his son and the impending death of his father—a crisis of mourning and memory—could have caused a psychic disturbance that helps to explain the explosive power and inwardness of Hamlet. All funerals invite those who stand by the grave to think about what, if anything, they believe in. But the funeral of one’s own child does more than this: it compels parents to ask questions of God and the universe. Shakespeare must have attended the regular services in his Protestant parish; otherwise his name would have turned up on lists of recusants. But did he believe what he heard and recited? His works suggest that he did have faith, of a sort, but it was not a faith securely bound either by the Catholic Church or by the Church of England. By the late 1590s, insofar as his faith could be situated in any institution at all, that institution was the theater, and not only in the sense that his profoundest energies and expectations were all focused there. Shakespeare grasped that crucial death rituals in his culture had been gutted. He may have felt this with enormous pain at his son’s graveside. But he also believed that the theater—and his theatrical art in particular—could tap into the great reservoir of passionate feelings that, for him and for thousands of his contemporaries, no longer had a satisfactory outlet. The religious reformation was in effect offering him an extraordinary gift—the broken fragments of what had been a rich, complex edifice—and he knew how to accept and use this gift. He was hardly indifferent to the success he could achieve, but it was not a matter of profit alone. Shakespeare drew upon the confusion, pity, and dread of death in a world of damaged rituals—the world in which most of us continue to live—because he himself experienced those same emotions in 1596, at the funeral of his child, and later, in anticipation of his father’s death. He responded not with prayers but with the deepest expression of his being: Hamlet. With Hamlet Shakespeare made a discovery by means of which he relaunched his entire career. The crucial breakthrough did not involve developing new themes or learning how to construct a shapelier plot; it had to do rather with an intense representation of inwardness called forth by a new technique of radical excision. He had rethought how to put a tragedy together—specifically, he had rethought the amount of causal explanation a tragic plot needed to function effectively and the amount of explicit psychological rationale a character needed to be strongly convincing. Shakespeare found that he could immeasurably deepen the effect of his plays—that he could provoke in the audience and himself a peculiarly passionate intensity of response—if he took out a key explanatory element, thereby occluding the rationale, motivation, or ethical principle that accounted for the action to be unfolded. The principle was not the making of a riddle to be solved, but the creation of a strategic opacity. This opacity, Shakespeare found, released an enormous energy that had been at least partially blocked or contained by familiar, reassuring explanations. Shakespeare’s work had long been wryly skeptical of official explanations and excuses—the accounts, whether psychological or theological, of why peo- ple behave the way they do. His plays had suggested that the choices people make in love are almost entirely inexplicable and irrational—that is the conviction that generates the comedy in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and the tragedy in Romeo and Juliet. But at least love was the clearly identifiable motive. With Hamlet, Shakespeare found that if he refused to provide himself or his audience with a familiar, comforting rationale that seems to make it all make sense, he could get to something immeasurably deeper. The key is not simply the creation of opacity, for by itself that would only create a baffling or incoherent play. Rather, Shakespeare came increasingly to rely on the inward logic, the poetic coherence that his genius and his immensely hard work had long enabled him to confer on his plays. Tearing away the structure of superficial meanings, he fashioned an inner structure through the resonant echoing of key terms, the subtle development of images, the brilliant orchestration of scenes, the complex unfolding of ideas, the intertwining of parallel plots, the uncovering of psychological obsessions. This conceptual breakthrough in Hamlet was technical—that is, it affected the practical choices Shakespeare made when he put plays together, starting with the enigma of the prince’s suicidal melancholy and assumed madness. But it was not only a new aesthetic strategy. The excision of motive must have arisen from something more than technical experimentation; coming in the wake of Hamnet’s death, it expressed Shakespeare’s deepest perception of existence, his understanding of what could be said and what should remain unspoken, his preference for things untidy, damaged, and unresolved over things neatly arranged, well made, and settled. The opacity was shaped by his experience of the world and of his own inner life: his skepticism, his pain, his sense of broken rituals, his refusal of easy consolations. 1 In “Death in the Family: The Loss of a Son and the Rise of Shakespearean Comedy,” Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 51 (2000), pp. 127–153, Richard P. Wheeler argues that the death of Hamnet left significant traces in the great comedies, particularly in Twelfth Night. ↩ 2 See G.R. Hibbard, The Oxford Shakespeare: Hamlet (Oxford University Press, 1987). ↩ 3 For the claim that William Shakespeare was the “Shakeshafte” mentioned in the will of a wealthy Catholic magnate in Lancashire, see Richard Wilson, Secret Shakespeare: Studies in Theatre, Religion, and Resistance (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004). For a sharply dissenting view, see Rob- ert Bearman, “‘Was William Shakespeare William Shakeshafte?’ Revisited,” Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 53 (2002), pp. 83–94. Bearman’s arguments are in turn countered by E.A.J. Honigmann, “The Shakespeare/Shakeshafte Question, Continued,” Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 54 (2003), pp. 83–86. The argument is likely to continue. ↩ 4 In The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, c. 1400–c. 1580 (Yale University Press, 1992), Eamon Duffy gives a rich and eloquent account of the consequences to the community and the individual of the Reformation assault on Catholic ritual practices. Duffy tends to assume that those practices were almost universally efficacious, an assumption one can certainly call into question. It is less easy to call into question the cumulative force of changes that a recent scholar has characterized as a cultural revolution: see James Simpson, The Oxford English Literary History: 1350– 1547: Reform and Cultural Revolution (Oxford University Press, 2002). ↩	i don't know
What part did Clark Gable play in ‘Gone With The Wind’?	Clark Gable - IMDb IMDb Doctor Strange Confirmed to Appear in ‘Thor: Ragnarok’ 15 hours ago Actor \| Soundtrack \| Producer William Clark Gable was born on February 1, 1901 in Cadiz, Ohio, to Adeline (Hershelman) and William Henry Gable, an oil-well driller. He was of German, Irish, and Swiss-German descent. When he was seven months old, his mother died, and his father sent him to live with his maternal aunt and uncle in Pennsylvania, where he stayed until he was two. ... See full bio » Born: a list of 45 people created 28 Dec 2010 a list of 46 people created 14 Jun 2013 a list of 39 people created 31 May 2014 a list of 35 people created 01 May 2015 a list of 29 people created 22 Sep 2015 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Clark Gable's work have you seen? User Polls Won 1 Oscar. Another 3 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards » Known For Gone with the Wind Rhett Butler - Visitor from Charleston (1939) 1974 That's Entertainment! (performer: "Puttin' On the Ritz" (1929) - uncredited) 1947 The Hucksters (performer: "Over There" - uncredited) 1940 Comrade X (lyrics: "Funiculi, Funicula" (1880) - uncredited) / (performer: "Funiculi, Funicula" (1880) - uncredited) 1940 Boom Town (performer: "Polly Wolly Doodle" - uncredited) 1939 Idiot's Delight (performer: "By the Light of the Silvery Moon", "Puttin' on the Ritz", "Boola Boola", "Abide with Me", "The Fountain in the Park" - uncredited) 1938 Test Pilot (performer: "The Prisoner's Song (If I Had the Wings of an Angel)" (1924), "Chicago (That Toddlin' Town)" (1922) - uncredited) 1937 Saratoga ("The Horse with the Dreamy Eyes" (1937), uncredited) / (performer: "The Horse with the Dreamy Eyes" (1937) - uncredited) 1936 Love on the Run (performer: "She'll be Comin' 'Round the Mountain", "String Quintet In E, Op. 13 No. 5: Minuet" - uncredited) 1936 Wife vs. Secretary (performer: "Thank You for a Lovely Evening" (1934), "She Was Poor But She Was Honest" (1930), "Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit Bag and Smile, Smile, Smile!" (1915) - uncredited) 1934 It Happened One Night (performer: "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf" - uncredited) Hide	Rhett Butler
Which state of the USA lies between South Carolina and Florida?	Gone With The Wind: 5 fun Facts That You Probably Did Not Know! - YouTube Gone With The Wind: 5 fun Facts That You Probably Did Not Know! Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on May 16, 2012 When searching for an actress for the role of Scarlett O'Hara, fans were asked to vote for the actress they think should play Scarlett. Vivien Leigh got only one vote, out of hundreds of ballots cast! "Gone With the Wind" tells a story of the American Civil War from a white Southern point of view. The movie made in 1939, starring Clark Gable, Vivien Lee, Leslie Howard and Olivia de Havilland is the most successful movie in the box office to date. Here are 5 interesting facts about "The Gone With The Wind" that You Probably Did Not Know! 5- When searching for an actress for the role of Scarlett O'Hara, fans were asked to vote for the actress they think should play Scarlett. Vivien Leigh got only one vote, out of hundreds of ballots cast. 4- Gary Cooper was originally considered for the role of Rhett Butler. When he turned it down, he said, "Gone with the Wind is going to be the biggest flop in Hollywood history," and, "I'm just glad it'll be Clark Gable who's falling on his face and not Gary Cooper." The film won 8 Oscars and Gable was nominated for the best leading actor. 3- Hattie McDaniel won the Best Supporting Oscar for the role of Mammy in the movie. However, because of Georgia's discriminative laws, she could not attend its premiere. When Clark Gable found out, he threatened that he would boycott the event. However, McDaniel convinced him to attend. 2- During the scene where Melanie is comforting Rhett after Scarlett's miscarriage, Clark Gable was so distressed over the requirement that he should cry on screen that he almost quit. Olivia de Havilland convinced him to stay. 1- Rhett Butler's famous farewell line to Scarlett O'Hara "Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn" was voted as "the most memorable line in cinema history" by American Film Institute. To see more interesting facts about other interesting topics, please subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/IVXHFz and Like us on Facebook:	i don't know
Which English town or city lies on the rivers, Eden, Caldew, and Petteril?	Carlisle tourist information and visitor guide \| tourUK.co.uk > Carlisle Tourist Information The city of Carlisle lies in the far north of Cumbria, 10 miles from the Scottish border. Once the county town of Cumberland, Carlisle is the administrative centre for both the district and for Cumbria. The Border City is also the main shopping, commercial and industrial centre for North Cumbria and a good part of southern Scotland. An ancient site, Carlisle lies on a slight rise at the confluence of the Rivers Eden, Caldew and Petteril. The Romans established a settlement here to serve the forts on Hadrian's Wall. Because this was the last English town before the border with Scotland, Carlisle became an important military stronghold. Carlisle Castle was built in 1092 by William Rufus, son of William the Conqueror. In 1568 Mary Queen of Scots was held prisoner at the castle. Today the ancient fortress houses the King's Own Royal Border Regiment and the intriguing Border Regiment Museum. The Norman keep, boasting panoramic views, hosts an exhibition on Bonnie Prince Charlie's uprising. In 1746 'The Young Pretender' and his supporters briefly captured Carlisle Castle. In the early 12th century Henry I allowed the foundation of a religous settlement in Carlisle. When he made the town a dioese in 1122, the priory became the cathedral. Carlisle's fine red sandstone Cathedral has the largest east window of any cathedral in Europe. Within the grounds of the Cathedral is the Prior's Tower, dating from the 14th century, which has a painted 16th century heraldic ceiling and houses a small exhibition. At the end of the 18th century Carlisle began to prosper as a textile centre. In the 19th century Carlisle's strategic position meant that it developed as an important railway town, with seven railway companies sharing its impressive station. The city lies at the northern end of the famous 72 mile Settle - Carlisle Railway and steam trains can often be spotted at Carlisle Station. Tourist attractions in Carlisle include the award-winning Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery. Linking the museum and the castle is the Millennium Subway, featuring specially commissioned art works. These include the Bishop Stone, a 2.5 meter boulder inscribed with the colourfully worded curse, issued 500 years ago by the Archbishop of Glasgow on border rustlers and robbers. A feature of Carlisle is the Citadel, two immense oval towers which once formed the southern entrance to the city. Until recently the towers housed the city's civil and criminal courts. Now restored, the building houses the Cumbria County Council and the West Tower, which held the criminal courts, is open to the public. Carlisle is certainly worth a visit, and there are plenty of shops, restaurants, and thing to do here.	Carlisle
The sitcom ‘Roseanne’ was a hit that ran for nine seasons. What was the family surname?	Town of Eden \| Article about Town of Eden by The Free Dictionary Town of Eden \| Article about Town of Eden by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Town+of+Eden Also found in: Dictionary , Thesaurus , Wikipedia . Eden, name of several rivers in England and Scotland. The principal one rises in Cumbria, N England, and flows 65 mi (105 km) NW past Carlisle Carlisle, city (1991 pop. 72,006) and district, Cumbria, NW England, near the junction of the Caldew, Eden, and Petteril rivers. The city of Carlisle is an important rail center. ..... Click the link for more information. , into Solway Firth. The Vale of Eden is a rich farming region. Eden, in the Bible. 1 Son of Joah. 2 Priest. Perhaps this is the same as (1.) 3 See Eden, Garden of Eden, Garden of, in the Bible, first home to humankind. In it were the trees of life and of the knowledge of good and evil. Having eaten the forbidden fruit of the latter tree, Adam and Eve were banished from the garden and God's presence. ..... Click the link for more information. . 4 Unidentified trading center, possibly in Mesopotamia. 5 Place somewhere near Damascus. Eden a river in Great Britain. Length, 153 km. It originates in the Pennines, flowing between them and the Cumbrians in a broad valley and falling into the Solway Firth of the Irish Sea. The Eden has an abundance of water in winter. It is navigable to the city of Carlisle. Eden	i don't know
In 1066, on which hill did Harold deploy his troops for the Battle of Hastings?	Battle of Hastings 1066 Battle of Hastings 1066 References In 1065 Edward the Confessor became very ill. Harold of Wessex claimed that Edward promised him the throne just before he died on 5th January, 1066. The next day there was a meeting of the Witan to decide who would become the next king of England. The Witan was made up of a group of about sixty lords and bishops and they considered the merits of four main candidates: Harold, William of Normandy , Edgar Etheling and Harald Hardrada . On 6th January 1066, the Witan decided that Harold was to be the next king of England. (1) King Harold was fully aware that both King Hardrada of Norway and William of Normandy might try to take the throne from him. Harold believed that the Normans posed the main danger and he positioned his troops on the south coast of England. His soldiers were made up of housecarls and the fyrd . Housecarls were well-trained, full-time soldiers who were paid for their services. The fyrd were working men who were called up to fight for the king in times of danger. Harold waited all summer but the Normans did not arrive. Never before had any of Harold's fyrd been away from their homes for so long. But the men's supplies had run out and they could not be kept away from their homes any longer. Members of the fyrd were also keen to harvest their own fields and so in September Harold sent them home. Harold also sent his navy back to London. (2) William of Normandy William's attack on England had been delayed. To make sure he had enough soldiers to defeat Harold, he asked the men of Poitou, Burgundy, Brittany and Flanders to help. William also arranged for soldiers from Germany, Denmark and Italy to join his army. In exchange for their services, William promised them a share of the land and wealth of England. William also had talks with Pope Alexander II in his campaign to gain the throne of England. These negotiations took all summer. William also had to arrange the building of the ships to take his large army to England. About 700 ships were ready to sail in August but William had to wait a further month for a change in the direction of the wind. (3) In early September Harold heard that King Hardrada of Norway had invaded northern England. The messenger told Harold that Hardrada had come to conquer all of England. It is said that Harold replied: "I will give him just six feet of English soil; or, since they say he is a tall man, I will give him seven feet." With Hardrada was Harold's brother, Tostig, and 300 ships. Harold and what was left of his army headed north. Hardrada and his men entered the Humber and on 20th September defeated Morcar's army at Gate Fulford. Four days later the invaders took York . On the way Harold heard that the earls of Mercia and Northumbria had been defeated and were considering changing sides. Britain in 1066 The English army marched 190 miles from London to York in just four days. On 24th September Harold's army arrived at Tadcaster. The following day he took Tostig and Hardrada by surprise at a place called Stamford Bridge . It was a hot day and the Norwegians had taken off their byrnies (leather jerkins with sewn-on metal rings). Harold and his English troops devastated the Norwegians. Both Hardrada and Tostig were killed. The Norwegian losses were considerable. Of the 300 ships that arrived, less than 25 returned to Norway. (4) While celebrating his victory at a banquet in York, Harold heard that William of Normandy had landed at Pevensey Bay on 28th September. Harold's brother, Gyrth , offered to lead the army against William, pointing out that as king he should not risk the chance of being killed. "I have taken no oath and owe nothing to Count William". (5) David Armine Howarth , the author of 1066: the Year of the Conquest (1981) argues that the suggestion was that while Gyrth did battle with William, "Harold should empty the whole of the countryside behind him, block the roads, burn the villages and destroy the food. So, even if Gyrth was beaten, William's army would starve in the wasted countryside as winter closed in and would be forced either to move upon London, where the rest of the English forces would be waiting, or return to their ships." (6) Harold rejected the advice and immediately assembled the housecarls who had survived the fighting against Hardrada and marched south. Harold travelled at such a pace that many of his troops failed to keep up with him. When Harold arrived in London he waited for the local fyrd to assemble and for the troops of the earls of Mercia and Northumbria to arrive from the north. After five days they had not arrived and so Harold decided to head for the south coast without his northern troops. (7) Battle of Hastings Harold of Wessex realised he was unable to take William by surprise. He therefore decided to position himself at Senlac Hill near Hastings. Harold selected a spot that was protected on each flank by marshy land. At his rear was a forest. The English housecarls provided a shield wall at the front of Harold's army. They carried large battle-axes and were considered to be the toughest fighters in Europe. The fyrd were placed behind the housecarls. The leaders of the fyrd, the thanes, had swords and javelins but the rest of the men were inexperienced fighters and carried weapons such as iron-studded clubs, scythes, reaping hooks and hay forks. William of Malmesbury reported: "The courageous leaders mutually prepared for battle, each according to his national custom. The English, as we have heard, passed the night without sleep in drinking and singing, and, in the morning, proceeded without delay towards the enemy; all were on foot, armed with battle-axes... The king himself on foot stood with his brother, near the standard, in order that, while all shared equal danger none might think of retreating... On the other side, the Normans passed the whole night in confessing their sins, and received the Sacrament in the morning. The infantry with bows and arrows, formed the vanguard, while the cavalry, divided into wings, were held back." (8) Battle of Hastings There are no accurate figures of the number of soldiers who took part at the Battle of Hastings. Historians have estimated that William had about 5,000 infantry and 3,000 knights while Harold had about 2,000 housecarls and 5,000 members of the fyrd. (9) The Norman historian, William of Poitiers , claims that Harold held the advantage: "The English were greatly helped by the advantage of the high ground... also by their great number, and further, by their weapons which could easily find a way through shields and other defences." (10) At 9.00 a.m. the Battle of Hastings formally opened with the playing of trumpets. Norman archers then walked up the hill and when they were about a 100 yards away from Harold's army they fired their first batch of arrows. Using their shields, the house-carls were able to block most of this attack. Volley followed volley but the shield wall remained unbroken. At around 10.30 hours, William ordered his archers to retreat. Norman Knights at the Battle of Hastings, Bayeux Tapestry (c. 1090) The Norman army led by William now marched forward in three main groups. On the left were the Breton auxiliaries. On the right were a more miscellaneous body that included men from Poitou, Burgundy, Brittany and Flanders. In the centre was the main Norman contingent "with Duke William himself, relics round his neck, and the papal banner above his head". (11) The English held firm and eventually the Normans were forced to retreat. Members of the fyrd on the right broke ranks and chased after them. A rumour went round that William was amongst the Norman casualties. Afraid of what this story would do to Norman morale, William pushed back his helmet and rode amongst his troops, shouting that he was still alive. He then ordered his cavalry to attack the English who had left their positions on Senlac Hill. English losses were heavy and very few managed to return to the line. (12) At about 12.00 p.m. there was a break in the fighting for an hour. This gave both sides a chance to remove the dead and wounded from the battlefield. William, who had originally planned to use his cavalry when the English retreated, decided to change his tactics. At about one in the afternoon he ordered his archers forward. This time he told them to fire higher in the air. The change of direction of the arrows caught the English by surprise. The arrow attack was immediately followed by a cavalry charge. Casualties on both sides were heavy. Those killed included Harold's two brothers, Gyrth and Leofwin. However, the English line held and the Normans were eventually forced to retreat. The fyrd, this time on the left side, chased the Normans down the hill. William ordered his knights to turn and attack the men who had left the line. Once again the English suffered heavy casualties. William of Normandy ordered his troops to take another rest. The Normans had lost a quarter of their cavalry. Many horses had been killed and the ones left alive were exhausted. William decided that the knights should dismount and attack on foot. This time all the Normans went into battle together. The archers fired their arrows and at the same time the knights and infantry charged up the hill. Death of King Harold at the Battle of Hastings, Bayeux Tapestry (c. 1090) It was now 4.00 p.m. Heavy English casualties from previous attacks meant that the front line was shorter. The Normans could now attack from the side. The few housecarls that were left were forced to form a small circle round the English standard. The Normans attacked again and this time they broke through the shield wall and Harold and most of his housecarls were killed. With their king dead, the fyrd saw no reason to stay and fight, and retreated to the woods behind. The Normans chased the fyrd into the woods but suffered further casualties themselves when they were ambushed by the English. According to William of Poitiers : "Victory won, the duke returned to the field of battle. He was met with a scene of carnage which he could not regard without pity in spite of the wickedness of the victims. Far and wide the ground was covered with the flower of English nobility and youth. Harold's two brothers were found lying beside him." The next day Harold's mother, Gytha, sent a message to William offering him the weight of the king's body in gold if he would allow her to bury it. He refused, declaring that Harold should be buried on the shore of the land which he sought to guard. (13)	Senlac Hill
A pier at which resort was badly damaged by fire on July 30th?	BBC - History - British History in depth: 1066 Print this page Claims to the throne It all began with the death of Edward the Confessor, in January 1066. The Bayeux tapestry depicts Edward on his deathbed, offering the English crown to Harold, and this event is reflected in most of the chronicles of the time. Edward's corpse was eventually borne in state to his own new cathedral church at Westminster, and the tapestry shows Harold there, being offered the crown by the magnates of England, among whom must have been Edwin and Morcar. Harold was crowned at Westminster Abbey by Archbishop Stigand of Canterbury and Archbishop Ealdred of York. It is significant that only the former is depicted (and actually named) on the Bayeux tapestry, as his appointment had never been recognised by the Pope, allowing the Norman propaganda machine to portray Harold's coronation as illegal. On the tapestry, the members of the congregation shown as witnessing the event are facing Harold, but their eyes are turned towards Halley's Comet, which is depicted in the sky as a portent of the doom to come. Harold is seen receiving news of the Comet with fear in his eyes. William decided on invasion... These bad omens for Harold were important to William of Normandy, who was set on claiming the English crown for himself - omens as important as the 'promise' of 1051 and the 'oath' of 1064. This was because, despite his pre-eminent position, he required the active co-operation of his nobles for the great venture he was planning - the venture to invade England and become the English king. William could not just demand support from his nobles, he had to convince them of his case. He needed to show his followers that his claim was a lawful one, and that he had God on his side. So when he decided on invasion, he took elaborate measures to ensure he had strong support, and even sent an envoy to the Pope asking for his blessing. William did not move immediately. He only began plans for an invasion after Tostig arrived in neighbouring Flanders, looking for support against Harold in a projected invasion of Northumbria. This was the lever that William needed: with Harold occupied in the north, William could invade in the south. Whether or not he thought God was on his side, William's preparations were very down to earth. Top Harold becomes king Westminster Abbey, the site of Harold's coronation © On top of anything else, William must have been painfully aware that his claim to England's throne was actually the least legitimate of all the putative contenders. It rested entirely on a spurious promise, made over 15 years previously, and on the fact that William's great-grandfather was Edward's maternal grandfather. Harold had an equally weak blood claim, through the brother-in-law of King Cnut, although it was he who was Edward's last nominated heir. There were others with much stronger blood claims, among them Swegn Estrithson, King of Denmark, who was the nephew of King Cnut; and Edgar the Aetheling, grandson of Edmund Ironside, from whom Cnut had wrested the kingdom in 1016. Aetheling actually means 'throneworthy' and was the title given to the most legitimate heir; but a legitimate blood claim was only part of the issue. The crown would go to the claimant who could muster most support amongst the 'great and the good' of England. In January 1066, Edgar Aetheling was a minor, and with the wolves breathing at the door, the English magnates could not afford to risk the kingdom in such inexperienced hands. So they turned to Harold, the obvious power behind the throne, who, as we have seen, had prepared his ground well. Instead, William watched, and he waited... Immediately after Edward's death, the cards were flying and everyone was gambling madly. Tostig enlisted the help of a powerful Joker in the pack, the Norwegian king Harald Hardrada, an adventurer who had fought for the Byzantines in the Varangian Guard and was now trying to recreate the Viking kingdom of Northumbria. William had the other Joker, the Pope, in his pocket, and was drawing his Aces around him. He toured Normandy, visiting each of his most powerful barons in person, and also made deals with neighbouring magnates like Eustace of Boulogne and the exiled Count Alan of Brittany. He promised them land and positions within his new kingdom, which they in turn could grant to their followers in return for loyal service. In May 1066, Tostig made his first, abortive, attempt to invade England. Harold called out the English levy (the fyrd), which was an army of English peasant farmers obliged to fight for their king when required to do so, and kept it out. He wanted to be ready to face the invasion fleet that William had built and mustered at Rennes on the Norman coast. But William did not come. Instead, William watched, and he waited, and he made his meticulous preparations. These included the gathering of all the great magnates of Normandy, called to attend the dedication of his wife Matilda's new abbey at St Etienne, in Caen, on 18 June 1066. There William asked for the blessing of God on his invasion plan, and ensured that he also had the backing of man. Top Stamford Bridge Stamford Bridge, the site where Harold defeated Tostig © In July, William's invasion fleet moved north to Dives, but still it did not cross the Channel. The sources say that the leader was waiting for fair weather, but he may equally have been awaiting news that Tostig had made his move. Either way, it was a perfect strategy. The English fyrd was a levy of peasant farmers, who by August were clamouring to be released so that they could take in their harvest. Harold had no option but to let them go. ...Tostig fell beneath the Raven Banner... On 20 September 1066, Harald Hardrada and Tostig sailed up the Ouse, with more than 10,000 men in 200 longships, to launch their long-awaited invasion of Northumbria. Earls Edwin and Morcar came out to meet them with a hastily assembled levy that consisted mainly of their own personal retainers. They were defeated at Fulford outside York, and their forces were so decimated that they were unable to play any further part in the campaigns of that year. Harold reacted by scraping together a scratch force of his own, made up largely of his own housecarls and his 'thegns'. He raced north, calling up all the shire levies he could muster on the way. In four days he marched 180 miles - to surprise Hardrada and Tostig, east of York, at Stamford Bridge, on 25 September. Before the battle began, Harold offered Tostig his earldom back if he would change sides, but Tostig threw the offer back in the king's face. The Norwegians held a strong position, defending the bridge on the north-eastern shore of the River Derwent. Legend has it that a lone axeman held the bridge against all-comers for hours, until a sneaky Englishman paddled under the bridge in a barrel and thrust a spear up through the wooden slats. Once the bridge fell, the battle was a foregone conclusion. Both Hardrada and Tostig fell beneath the Raven Banner in a last, desperate stand. Harold had won the day, but at a price. His army was tired and badly mauled, and he had lost the forces of both the Earl of Northumbria and the Earl of Mercia. Top Pevensey landings William built the first castle of the Conquest at Pevensey © This was the point at which William acted. Having sailed his fleet to St Valéry sur Somme, he waited for the wind to be in the right direction, and two days after Stamford Bridge, he sailed. His fleet consisted of almost 700 ships of classic Norse design, headed by the Mora, which is depicted on the Bayeux tapestry with a carved dragon figurehead on its prow, and a trumpeter sounding signals at its stern. ...the Normans pillaged and burned the surrounding area... Most sources claim that William's forces made landfall at Pevensey, but this may just be because Pevensey was the best-known port on the southern English shore. Recent work by amateur archaeologist Nick Austin suggests he may have found the actual site of William's landing, and first encampments, at Wilting Manor, outside Hastings. Once ashore, William ordered that some of his boats be symbolically burnt, while the rest were dismantled and pulled ashore. An earth embankment was built across the harbour mouth to protect the ships from the weather, and a castle was constructed at the top of the hill. The remnants of these may still be seen today. Then the Normans pillaged and burned the surrounding area, in order to force Harold to come south and defend his people. Harold did not hesitate. Having heard of William's landing while at York, he raced his army down the old Roman road of Ermine Street, stopping on the way at his foundation of Waltham Abbey, to pray for victory. By 12 October, he was back in London and gathering what forces he could to face William. By the 14th, he was on the way to Hastings. William received news of Harold's approach from Vitalis - a prominent vassal of Odo of Bayeux, who is depicted on the Bayeux tapestry bringing the message - and marched out to face the English king. Top The Battle of Hastings Battle, the site of the Battle of Hastings © The Battle of Hastings took place at a site now known as Battle on 14 October 1066. Harold drew up his army in three wedges on Senlac Ridge, overlooking the battlefield. With him he had little more than 5,000 footsore and weary men, ranged against a Norman force of up to 15,000 infantry, archers and cavalry. Facing such odds, Harold had no choice but to fight a defensive battle. He was forced to rely on the much-vaunted English shield-wall, behind which his men could stand and let the Norman attacks break themselves. The ferocious resolution of the English struck terror into the foot-soldiers... The tactic was a great success. Again and again, the Norman knights hurled themselves against the English shields, but as the Bayeux tapestry shows, they were unable to make any headway. Then, on the Norman left, the Bretons under Count Alan began to give way. Orderic Vitalis takes up the story: 'The ferocious resolution of the English struck terror into the foot-soldiers and knights of the Bretons and other auxiliaries on the left wing; they turned to flee and almost the whole of the Duke's battle line fell back, for the rumour spread that he had been killed. But the Duke, seeing a great part of the opposing army springing forwards to pursue his men, met them as they fled, threatening and striking them with his spear. 'Baring his head and lifting his helmet he cried: "Look at me, I'm alive and with the aid of God I will gain the victory!" No sooner had the Duke spoken these brave words than their failing courage was restored, and surrounding several thousand of their pursuers, they mowed them down almost at once.' It was the turning point of the battle. The whole incident is portrayed on the Bayeux tapestry. It was the turning point of the battle. Now the English wall had broken, and the Normans were able to lever open the cracks. Exhaustion and weight of numbers also took their toll. Gyrth and Leofwine, the two remaining brothers of Harold are depicted being cut down on the tapestry, and Harold was soon to follow. We see him on the Bayeux tapestry taking an arrow in the eye and then being ridden down by a Norman cavalryman, one of four who managed to break through the English line and trample Harold into the ground. Though the English still fought on bravely after their king had fallen, their cause was lost, and eventually they fled into the night. The body of Harold was eventually recovered... Tradition has it that William gave thanks to God for his victory and ordered that all in his army should do penance for the souls that they had killed that day. He himself paid for the foundation of Battle Abbey on the spot where Harold fell. The body of Harold was eventually recovered after a long search, but its face was so badly disfigured that they had to bring it to his concubine, Edith Swan-neck, to identify by the intimate marks upon his body. Initially, William had the body buried next to the battlefield, with a headstone reading, 'Here lies Harold, King of the English', but after Harold's name was blackened by later Norman propaganda, the headstone was removed, and the body was disinterred and taken to Harold's abbey at Waltham. Top King William The Abbé-aux-Dames, where William prayed before embarking for England © The contest for England was not yet over, however. William kept his army in Hastings for about a week, then he marched through south-eastern England, via Dover and Canterbury, to London Bridge. Finding this too heavily defended, he continued along the southern bank of the Thames to Wallingford, sending a detachment to take Winchester on the way. Wallingford was the easternmost ford of the Thames, and was defended by an ancient Anglo-Saxon burh (a fortified town) under the command of the king's thegn Wigot of Wallingford. By now it was December, and the long campaign had sapped the English will to resist. Dover and Southwark had been razed to the ground, and William now had control of Canterbury, the religious centre of England, and Winchester, the ceremonial seat of the English kings. At Wallingford, the first English submissions occurred. Archbishop Stigand of Canterbury led a delegation of important English bishops and thegns, who surrendered to William, and Wigot opened the gates of Wallingford to him. By Christmas, the earls Edwin, Morcar and Waltheof, along with Archbishop Ealdred of York, had also surrendered, having ensured that their positions would be secure under the new régime. ...with the new king trembling from head to foot. William was crowned by Archbishop Ealdred on Christmas Day, in Edward's new abbey cathedral at Westminster. This is significant, because the new king chose to be crowned in the same location as King Harold, deliberately stressing the continuity between himself and Edward's old régime. He also ensured that he was not crowned by Stigand, whose legitimacy was questioned by the Pope. During the ceremony, the assembled magnates (both Norman and English) shouted their acclamation of the new king; but their shouts startled the guards outside the cathedral who, fearing an English uprising, promptly set fire to the neighbouring city of London. Orderic Vitalis paints a vivid picture of the terrified congregation fleeing from the smoke-filled church whilst the remaining Bishops hastily completed the ceremony, with the new king trembling from head to foot. It was an interesting start to a completely new era.	i don't know
Which country were runners-up to Germany in the association football World Cup?	World Cup 2014: Runners-up Argentina Receive Heroes' Welcome at Home – NDTV Sports Team members left the plane with grim expressions and had few if any words for waiting journalists. ( Lionel Messi: Golden Ball, a Tribute to the Perfect Playmaker ) "I would have liked a different kind of homecoming," said midfielder Javier Mascherano, one of the star performers in the run to Sunday's final. ( Mix of Cheers, Tears and Violence for Argentina ) Messi, who had his head down and a pained look on his face, did not speak to the media. But to their adoring fans, the team were heroes for battling Germany to the bitter end of a nail-biting 1-0 defeat in extra time. "We came to support the team because they gave everything for us and they deserve our support," said Matias Ruiz, 17, one of about 500 fans who braved the cold to greet the team's charter flight from Rio de Janeiro. Thousands more fans lined the team's route from the airport, waving sky blue and white flags and swarming the convoy, which moved forward at a snail's pace. Nationwide the atmosphere was one of pride as much as disappointment after the team played its first World Cup final since 1990 and Messi claimed the Golden Ball award for best player of the tournament. Newspaper Pagina/12 ran two large photographs, one of the Argentine players locked in an embrace at Rio's Maracana Stadium, the other of a little boy in a Messi jersey sitting atop his father's shoulders at the iconic Obelisk monument in the Argentine capital after the match. "Love is stronger," said its banner headline. After the match the Obelisk, the place where the country traditionally rallies, initially drew tens of thousands of revellers. Waving the flag, setting off fireworks and climbing onto traffic lights and bus stops to dance and sing, Argentines showed their determination to celebrate despite the bittersweet end of the nation's World Cup campaign. But after several hours of partying, dozens of hardcore fans known as "barras bravas" started throwing stones at police, who responded by firing rubber bullets, tear gas and water cannon. The clashes sent families with children scurrying for refuge in restaurants or hotel lobbies as looters smashed windows and stole what they could, including tables and chairs from a restaurant. Police arrested around 120 people over the violence, which left 70 wounded, including 15 police and one rioter in serious condition with a punctured lung, said the government and health officials. Security Secretary Sergio Berni accused the hooligans of planning the violence "with great cruelty" to create an opportunity for looting. "There was a plan to make this happen to generate mass chaos," he told Radio La Red. Violence also broke out in the cities of La Plata and Mar del Plata, the government said. Most fans however voiced their pride. "It was still a good World Cup. Reaching the final against Germany isn't too bad. I'm proud of the team," said Leandro Paredes, a 27-year-old mason. Argentines found consolation in knowing they had at least done better than arch rivals and hosts Brazil, who finished in fourth place. "Brazil, tell me how it feels to have your daddy in your house," the crowd at the airport gloated, the song that was Argentina's unofficial anthem throughout the World Cup. Others sang "I'm Argentine, go Argentina, every day I love you a little more."	Argentina
Who famously lived to regret saying “You can’t win anything with kids”?	2014 FIFA World Cup: Brazil - FIFA World Cup - News - UEFA.com TagName: 2014 FIFA World Cup: Brazil The 2014 FIFA World Cup final tournament was held in Brazil, which previously staged the 1950 edition. The World Cup returned to Brazil in 2014 ©Getty Images 2014 FIFA World Cup: Brazil The 2014 FIFA World Cup final tournament was held in Brazil, which previously staged the 1950 edition. Read more Brazil staged the 20th FIFA World Cup final tournament in the summer of 2014, with 32 nations competing including 13 from Europe. Qualifying for the finals ran until late 2013, when the draw was held. The allocation of places, along with UEFA's 13, was Asian Football Confederation (AFC) 4.5, Confederation of African Football (CAF) 5.0, Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) 3.5, South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) 4.5, Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) 0.5, and one slot for the hosts Brazil. Twelve cities hosted matches: Belo Horizonte, Brasilia, Cuiaba, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Manuas, Natal, Porto Alegre, Recife, Salvador, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, where the final was played at the rebuilt Estádio Mário Filho, better known as the Maracanã, and won by Germany. It was at that stadium where the only previous World Cup held in Brazil concluded in 1950. All four previous World Cups in South America – Uruguay in 1930, Brazil in 1950, Chile in 1962 and Argentina in 1978 – had been won by teams from that continent. Russia will stage the 2018 final tournament. More information can be found on FIFA's official website . ©UEFA.com 1998-2017. All rights reserved. http://www.uefa.com/worldcup/season=2014/finals/index.html#2014+fifa+world+cup+brazil Key information Commercial regulations for the European qualifying matches for UEFA EURO 2016 and the 2018 FIFA World Cup Road to the final European qualifying for the 2018 FIFA World Cup consists of a group stage and a play-off round, providing 13 UEFA member nations for the 32-team final tournament in Russia (who qualify as by right). Qualifying group stage Matches take place between 4 September 2016 and 10 October 2017 with seven groups of six teams and two of five. The nine group winners qualify directly for the finals and the eight runners-up with the best record against the teams finishing first, third, fourth and fifth in their section go into the play-offs. Play-offs The eight teams are drawn into four pairings for two-legged ties played from 9 abnd 14 November 2017. If scores are level after the second leg the team with the most away goals qualified, whether after 90 minutes or extra time. The four winners qualify for the finals. Final tournament The allocation for other confederations is: Asian Football Confederation (AFC) 4.5, Confederation of African Football (CAF) 5.0, Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) 3.5, South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) 4.5, Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) 0.5, and one slot for the hosts Russia. The teams are drawn into eight groups of four with the top two going into the knockout phase. Further details, including the criteria for separating teams that finish level on points in a group, or after extra time in a match, can be found in the	i don't know
What is the chemical formula for calcium chloride?	What is the chemical formula for calcium chloride? \| Reference.com What is the chemical formula for calcium chloride? A: Quick Answer The chemical formula for calcium chloride is CaCl2. Calcium chloride contains one calcium atom that is bound to two chlorine atoms. It has a molecular weight of 110.984. Full Answer Calcium chloride is a white, flaky inorganic salt that can be dissolved in water. It has a melting point of 782°C and a boiling point of over 160°C. Calcium chloride is often used to melt snow, to control dust and as a preservative in food. It melts ice on roads faster than the more common salt, sodium chloride. Calcium chloride also has several medical purposes: it can treat magnesium toxicity and internal hydrofluoric acid burns. Calcium chloride can also quickly help prevent heart attacks that can occur as a side effect of drugs such as diltiazem.	Calcium chloride
Greta Garbo uttered her most famous line in ‘Grand Hotel’ (1932). What was it?	Molecular weight of Calcium Chloride Molecular weight of Calcium Chloride ›› Calculate the molecular weight of a chemical compound Enter a chemical formula: I'm feeling lucky, show me a random compound . You can also browse the list of common chemical compounds . ›› More information on molar mass and molecular weight In chemistry, the formula weight is a quantity computed by multiplying the atomic weight (in atomic mass units) of each element in a chemical formula by the number of atoms of that element present in the formula, then adding all of these products together. If the formula used in calculating molar mass is the molecular formula, the formula weight computed is the molecular weight. The percentage by weight of any atom or group of atoms in a compound can be computed by dividing the total weight of the atom (or group of atoms) in the formula by the formula weight and multiplying by 100. The atomic weights used on this site come from NIST, the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We use the most common isotopes. This is how to calculate molar mass (average molecular weight), which is based on isotropically weighted averages. This is not the same as molecular mass, which is the mass of a single molecule of well-defined isotopes. For bulk stoichiometric calculations, we are usually determining molar mass, which may also be called standard atomic weight or average atomic mass. Finding molar mass starts with units of grams per mole (g/mol). When calculating molecular weight of a chemical compound, it tells us how many grams are in one mole of that substance. The formula weight is simply the weight in atomic mass units of all the atoms in a given formula. A common request on this site is to convert grams to moles . To complete this calculation, you have to know what substance you are trying to convert. The reason is that the molar mass of the substance affects the conversion. This site explains how to find molar mass. Using the chemical formula of the compound and the periodic table of elements, we can add up the atomic weights and calculate molecular weight of the substance. Formula weights are especially useful in determining the relative weights of reagents and products in a chemical reaction. These relative weights computed from the chemical equation are sometimes called equation weights. This page was loaded in 0.107 seconds.	i don't know
If a pair of adult shoes are European size 42, what is their British equivalent?	Size conversion chart for US/UK/EUROPEAN clothing/shoes \| eBay Size conversion chart for US/UK/EUROPEAN clothing/shoes Here are some very useful size conversion charts for US, UK, and EURO SIZE CONVERSION CHART European 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 UK 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 USA 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Shoes Birkenstocks 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 European 38 38 39 39 40 41 41 42 UK 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 USA 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 79.5 ___________________________________________________________________________________ European 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 UK 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 USA 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Shirts European 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 UK 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 USA 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 Shoes European 41 42 43 44 45 46 UK 7 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5 11 USA 8 8.5 9.5 10.5 11.5 12 Socks European 39 40 41 42 43 44 UK 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 USA 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 ___________________________________________________________________________________ European (cm) 125 135 150 155 160 UK(inches) 43 48 55 58 60 USA 4 6 8 10 12 Chilrens shoes European 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 USA 7 8 8.5 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 ___________________________________________________________________________________ Bra Size Conversions: US 32AA 32A 32B 32C 32D 34AA 34A 34B 34C 34D 34DD 36AA 36A 36B 36C UK 32A 32B 32C 32D 32DD 34A 34B 34C 34D 34DD 34E 36A 36B 36C 36D France 35A 35B 35C 35D 35DD 90A 90B 90C 90D 90DD 90E 95A 95B 95C 95D International 70A 70B 70C 70D 70DD 75A 75B 75C 75D 75DD 75E 80A 80B 80C 80D US 36D 36DD 38AA 38A 38B 38C 38D 38DD 40A 40B 40C 40D 40DD UK 36DD 36E 38A 38B 38C 38D 38DD 38E 40B 40C 40D 40DD 40E France 95DD 95E 100A 100B 100C 100D 100DD 100E 105B 105C 105D 105DD 105E International 80DD 80E 85A 85B 85C 85D 85DD 85E 90B 90C 90D 90DD 90E For Earth Friendly Organic clothing for the family check out my Ebay Store Natural Living	eight
From which country did Madagascar gain independence in 1960?	Size Guide Size Guide You are here: Home > Size Guide Size Guide Vegetarian Shoes are made in UK (3-15) and EU sizes (36-49). Use the tables below to help order the right size. If shoes are slightly snug remember they will stretch like leather across the width but not in length, if toes are pressing at the end then they are too small. If shoes are large but not a whole size, try using insoles which can make up to half a size difference. We only sell shoes in full sizes. No half sizes, sorry. UK to US Shoe Size Equivalents UK UK to European Shoe Size Equivalents UK UK to Japanese Shoe Size Equivalents UK European to US Shoe Size Equivalents EUROPEAN European to UK Shoe Size Equivalents EUROPEAN Belt Sizes Airseal Range Please note, the Airseal range of shoes all come up with non-standard fitting. If they have a steel toecap, they will almost always be one size larger than a conventional fit. So for example, if you take a size 9 boot usually, you'll need a size 8. This isn't always the case, but it's true for around 95% of customers, and is only likely to be different if you have a very broad foot AND a very high instep! If you are interested in a pair of Airseal shoes that are NOT steel toe, they will come up about a half-size large, so a size 8 will fit like a size 8.5. Some people prefer a smaller size in these, but some find that the best fit can be achieved with an insole, so this is worth considering too. Items:	i don't know
Floated earlier this year, Saga started with one hotel in which town?	Saga shares offered to public in IPO of insurance and holidays group \| This is Money Royal Mail shares slide as lock-up of Government stake expires and price probe looms The Saga flotation will also represent a big pay day for an estimated 6,000 current and former employees of Saga and its sister business the AA. They own about 13 per cent of the business, with executive chairman Andrew Goodsell having a 7 per cent holding. Customers first: Saga boss Andrew Goodsell said: 'Our customers are at the heart of our brand and I am delighted that they will have an opportunity to become shareholders in the company and to be part of the next stage of our journey.' Saga, which started as an out-of-season holiday provider in 1950, now offers services ranging from cruises and holidays, home and motor insurance, savings and share dealing through to the UK's best-selling Saga Magazine. Goodsell said: ‘What began 60 years ago in a small hotel in Folkestone is today one of Britain's most trusted and respected companies. This is in huge part due to the hard work and dedication of our employees. ‘Our customers are at the heart of our brand and I am delighted that they will have an opportunity to become shareholders in the company and to be part of the next stage of our journey.’ Proceeds of around £550million from the float will be used to reduce debt to around £700 million, while existing shareholders will sell a proportion of their holdings. Expectations for a flotation were raised last week after Saga’s current owners, private equity houses Permira, Charterhouse and CVC Capital. completed a crucial £1.25billion debt refinancing, extending the terms of their loans as well as securing lower interest rates. Insiders had described that move as ‘the last piece of the jigsaw’. The Saga float continues the flood of new companies which have, or are seeking to list on the London Stock Markets this year. Earlier this week, discount shoe chain Shoe Zone announced plans to float on London's AIM market, home to junior firms, in a move that will value the business at around £100million. Last week, private equity-backed Card Factory also announced it was looking to tap into the appetite for stock market floats. These are the latest in a string of flotations in the retail sector in recent months, which have included Pets at Home and discount store Poundland. indicating growing confidence on the high street. Read more:	Folkestone
On which pop hit classic did Bob Holness famously not play the sax solo?	Saga shares offered to public in IPO of insurance and holidays group \| This is Money Royal Mail shares slide as lock-up of Government stake expires and price probe looms The Saga flotation will also represent a big pay day for an estimated 6,000 current and former employees of Saga and its sister business the AA. They own about 13 per cent of the business, with executive chairman Andrew Goodsell having a 7 per cent holding. Customers first: Saga boss Andrew Goodsell said: 'Our customers are at the heart of our brand and I am delighted that they will have an opportunity to become shareholders in the company and to be part of the next stage of our journey.' Saga, which started as an out-of-season holiday provider in 1950, now offers services ranging from cruises and holidays, home and motor insurance, savings and share dealing through to the UK's best-selling Saga Magazine. Goodsell said: ‘What began 60 years ago in a small hotel in Folkestone is today one of Britain's most trusted and respected companies. This is in huge part due to the hard work and dedication of our employees. ‘Our customers are at the heart of our brand and I am delighted that they will have an opportunity to become shareholders in the company and to be part of the next stage of our journey.’ Proceeds of around £550million from the float will be used to reduce debt to around £700 million, while existing shareholders will sell a proportion of their holdings. Expectations for a flotation were raised last week after Saga’s current owners, private equity houses Permira, Charterhouse and CVC Capital. completed a crucial £1.25billion debt refinancing, extending the terms of their loans as well as securing lower interest rates. Insiders had described that move as ‘the last piece of the jigsaw’. The Saga float continues the flood of new companies which have, or are seeking to list on the London Stock Markets this year. Earlier this week, discount shoe chain Shoe Zone announced plans to float on London's AIM market, home to junior firms, in a move that will value the business at around £100million. Last week, private equity-backed Card Factory also announced it was looking to tap into the appetite for stock market floats. These are the latest in a string of flotations in the retail sector in recent months, which have included Pets at Home and discount store Poundland. indicating growing confidence on the high street. Read more:	i don't know
Mama Cass did not choke to death by eating what? (Two words.)	Mama Cass Death Rumors : snopes.com - - Claim: "Mama" Cass Elliot of The Mamas and the Papas choked to death on a ham sandwich. Status: False. Origins: Although many rumors swirled in the wake of the sudden death of 33-year-old "Mama" Cass Eliot on 29 July 1974 (e.g., that she died from a drug overdose, that FBI had plotted to assassinate her, that she was pregnant with John Lennon's child), the one that has become permanently entwined with her image is that she choked to death on a ham sandwich. The legend has a particularly cruel irony in that Cass Eliot's weight was fodder for many brutish jokes about her physical appearance, and the choking rumor fostered the impression that she had somehow brought death upon herself through her "gluttony." Even the minor details of the rumor were unkind to her legend: She supposedly choked to death on a sandwich (a cheap, pedestrian form of food), and the main ingredient of that sandwich was ham (which comes from pigs, an animal to whom overweight people are frequently likened). According to the biography Dream a Little Dream of Me, it was Dr. Anthony Greenburgh, the first physician to examine Cass Eliot after her death, who mistakenly sowed the seeds of the "choked on a ham sandwich" legend: Greenburgh immediately offered a straightforward explanation for Cass's death. His first impression, he told the press, was that it appeared to have been a simple case of asphyxia. "From what I saw when I got to the flat," he told the Daily Express, "she appeared to have been eating a ham sandwich and drinking Coca-Cola while lying down — a very dangerous thing to do. This would be especially dangerous for someone like Cass who was overweight and who might be prone to having a heart attack. She seemed to have choked on a ham sandwich," he continued, unwittingly giving rise to the myth that would still be circulation more than three decades later. What Greenburgh had presumably overlooked is the small but pertinent fact that the sandwich by Cass's bed had not in fact been touched (as recorded by Inspector Kenneth Humm once the police were called). The official findings of the coroner's inquest were that Cass Eliot died from "fatty myocardial degeneration due to obesity" (i.e., a heart attack brought about by fatty degeneration of the heart muscle fiber), and nothing was found to have been blocking her mouth or throat. Cass Elliot had long been overweight and more than once undertook crash diets to lose a large amount of weight in a relatively short period of time; the prolonged, combined effects of obesity and severe dieting had weakened her heart to the point of failure. Sightings: Look for a mention of this legend in the 1997 film Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery and in the 1996 film Beautiful Thing . Last updated: 19 January 2007	Ham Sandwich (band)
In 2009, which judge on ‘Strictly Come Dancing’ was told to Foxtrot Oscar?	Mayfair, and the Deaths of Harry Nilsson, Mama Cass and Keith Moon « Another Nickel In The Machine Playboy Club in London 1969 Hugh Hefner at London's Playboy Club in Park Lane Keith Moon with Annette Walter Lax 1977 Keith and Annette the evening he died Four years after Cass Elliot died at Harry Nilsson’s flat, Keith Moon, after fitting in enough partying and convivial nights in his short life for about a hundred people, died of an overdose of Heminevrin tablets in the very same bed. On the day he died Moon had woken at 7.30am and he asked his girlfriend Annette Walter-Lax to cook him a steak. After she complained about cooking him another meal he said, “If you don’t like it, you can fuck off” Unfortunately for Keith these ended up being his last words. He ate the steak while he watched the film The Abominable Dr Phibes but he fell back to sleep after taking 32 Heminevrin tablets which were prescribed to help alcohol withdrawal. Unfortunately six are enough to be fatal and Moon never regained consciousness. He was found dead by his girlfriend Annette later that afternoon and he was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium a week later. Moon the Loon was only thirty two when he died, but dying young didn’t come to anyone’s great surprise – he was one of the greatest partiers ever. He once outlined his typical daily diet to a doctor: “I always get up about six in the morning. I have my bangers and eggs. And I drink a bottle of Dom Perignon and half a bottle of brandy. Then I take a couple of downers. Then it’s about 10 and I’ll have a nice nap until five. I get up, have a couple of black beauties [also known as Black Birds or Black Bombers and are a combination of Amphetamine (Speed) and Dextroamphetamine], some brandy, a little champagne and go out on the town. Then we boogie. We’ll wrap it up about four”. All in all not the usual recipe for a long and healthy life but he sure fitted in some fun while he was around. Carousing more carousing Mama's Got A Squeeze box Harry and Keith became friends in the first place because of their mutual love of the booze. They met on a set of a film produced by Ringo Starr called Son Of Dracula with a number of other musicians. Keith remembered: “We were supposed to be on the set at six, but it was nine before everyone was there. Then somebody brought out a bottle of brandy. Me, I think. Ah-Ha-Ha-HAHAHA! And Peter Frampton said no, no, too early, and some of the others said no. But ‘Arry was standing there with an ‘alf-pint mug. I knew at that moment it was destiny put us together. Ahhhh-HAHAHAHAHAHAHA!” After the death of a second friend in his bed Nilsson quickly sold his flat to fellow Who member Pete Townsend and moved back to Los Angeles permanently. Of course like Cass, and especially Moon, Harry Nilsson liked having a good time and his consumption of drink and drugs were once described as Herculean, which is one way of describing pissing your talent away for over twenty years. Marianne Faithfull once said about Harry “we used to do drugs together. And when I say drugs, I don’t mean those airy-fairy drugs they do nowadays. I’m talking about narcotics.” Elton John once described seeing Nilsson in a recording studio, ‘He opened his mouth to sing, and blood poured out, he had done so much coke that his throat just haemorrhaged. And do you know what? He didn’t even notice.’ Compared with his two friends however, he managed to live to a relatively grand old age of fifty two before his body gave up. After surviving one the previous year he died of a second heart attack in 1994. At his funeral it was said that aftershocks from the recent Northridge Earthquake rumbled in the background. A joke made the rounds during the funeral that the earthquake was the result of Harry getting to Heaven and discovering that there were no bars. It’s perhaps interesting to note that Mama Cass, a person it would be fair to say liked a bit of food, died from trying not to eat with a heart fatally weakened by too many diets. Coincidentally Keith Moon, a man with a prodigious appetite for booze, died from an overdose of medicine prescribed in an attempt to stop him drinking. I’m not sure if Nilsson died from anything that was the opposite of what he liked to do, but not long before his first heartattack he found out that his entire $5 million fortune had been embezzled leaving him and his family almost destitute. It was said that he never really recovered from the shock. In 2001 the building at Curzon Place containing Harry Nilsson’s old flat was bought by a developer who completely changed the interior and the three flats on Harry’s floor were knocked into two luxury flats. In 2002 these were placed up for sale at one million pounds each. More information of the three deaths at www.findadeath.com More information about Harry Nilsson at fortheloveofharry.blogspot.com At age 52 I started to take better care of myself. ian gordon October 12, 2008 at 1:20 pm I didn’t know the specific details of Mamma Cass’s death, nor of this macabre coincidence in the location of these deaths. Keith Moon with the Who in 1970 – 74 was just a force of nature, and one I’m glad to have witnessed up close 3 times. Mikey Dolenz tells a story about bringing Badfinger’s “Without You” to the attention of Nilsson. He claims that, to ensure Harry listened to it, he told him it was a Beatles demo… Further recommended listening: “Pussy Cats”, the album Lennon produced by Nilsson with Moon (and Ringo) on drums. That was surely some party. Davy H October 12, 2008 at 1:46 pm I didn’t know any of this, and you’ve told the story so well. I’m always a bit English about this sort of comment, but I really do have to say Rob – ‘I love your blog!!!’ Anonymous January 10, 2011 at 11:04 am Harry Nillson not only he lost his friend John Lennon, he lost two other friends Mama Cass and Keith Moon.Nillson was a friend to Rino Starr and John Lennon The Beatles as well as Micky Dolenz of The Monkees in which he wrote a song for them.that why the song Without You sung by Nillson and written by two decased memebers of Badfinger Pete Ham and Tom Evans,Nillson and Badfinger have one thing in common they have connection with the Beatles bill January 1, 2012 at 5:36 am Im a big fan of keith and must say that I’ve never seen those pics of him partying before (probably because they are x rated). I am on a visit to london and also in my spare time decided to check out “flat 12 , 9 curzon place” , but because the address is always described incorrectly on websites , I battled to find the building on 2 seperate visits to the area. Curzon place it seems was a side street just off curzon street. Curzon place is now no more ( probably for over 20 years) and has been paved over completely. It is now a walkway between nielsens flat and another building that stands next to it. For anybody like me looking to sight see the flat just go to 18 curzon street and there it is ! (many buildings in curzon street look similair. Excellent article and I wonder if Apple records is still there. I think the movie theatre where keith went to see the premier of the buddy holly movie is atpund the corner from the flat..anyway great article and thanks !! Tulio Guerrero April 13, 2012 at 11:51 pm I remember a concert promoted by Bill Graham and given by the WHO at the COW Palace San Francisco in 1.974, after their third song, Keith Moon passed out and fell backwards from the drum tower and couldn´t continue so Peter Townshend asked the public if anyone could play the drums for them. At first nobody believed and after a few seconds there were like a hundred arms up in the air, he picked one who got on stage and played very badly for about 20 minutes. So somebody out there can be telling his grandchildren’s, I PLAYED WITH THE WHO July 29, 2012 at 5:56 am This was my response when my friend Pete posted this on my Facebook timeline: Bloody scary coincidences! The Cass ham sandwich thing has always pissed me off, because even though the real cause of death was revealed something like forty-eight hours later, the press either couldn’t be bothered retracting it or buried it in two lines at the back of the papers. As a result, Cass has become more famous for her death than for her life, which is incredibly shitty, because she had truckloads of talent, and isn’t even mentioned when music journos talk about legends. Gary Nilsson August 1, 2012 at 7:22 pm Going over to London next June. Relly looking forward seeing the flat where alot of partying went on. I knew of Harry’s flat but he never invited me over. Guess I’ll Stand outside and salute Harry with Brandy Alexander in one hand and a wave with the other. Gary Nilsson September 7, 2012 at 9:50 pm Gary, good to hear from you. We met at the Nilssonfest in Orlando a few years back and you had some touching stories. At the Nilssonfest in London (a few years ago as well) we did a walk around SOHO and saw the Curzon building although it has been redeveloped and is not the same as when Harry had the flat. It was fun walking around the area and thinking Harry had been there so many years ago. In fact, there was an article on the Monkees on the window of some restaurant or pub which I thought an interesting coincidence. I think it’s a little false to compare Harry’s death to Keith Moon because it is true that he partied a lot for many years, but I had heard he had slowed down considerably in the last few years with so many young kids around and just did not have a great heart which gave out. So it did not do himself any favours, but he did create many albums worth of amazing music for us to listen to! Ted its cool to read the article and then to read comments from harry’s brother and son… thanks you guys… gonna order a brandy alexander (milkshake) tonight in your honor… Steve July 31, 2014 at 1:30 pm Recently discovered this blog which is one of the best I’ve come across. This item really chimes with me because I was at Mama Cass’s final performance at the Paladium on that fateful evening. As a 13 year old on holiday in London I had been taken there by my parents who were big fans. I also recall that the support act were the band ‘Paper Lace’ who had had a recent number 1 hit with ‘Billy don’t be a hero ‘. Earlier that week we had been due to visit the tower of London but my dad changed his mind that morning and took us to Madame Tussauds instead. That afternoon the IRA bombed the tower. John D January 25, 2015 at 4:20 pm i served behind the bar at The Golden Grove in Chertsey when Keith lived next door in a mansion They would order crates of Champagne for the parties they had there. Always the Rollers would bring partiers.	i don't know
Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman co-starred in which 1995 film?	Se7en (1995) Official Trailer - Brad Pitt, Morgan Freeman Movie HD - YouTube Se7en (1995) Official Trailer - Brad Pitt, Morgan Freeman Movie HD Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Feb 18, 2014 Se7en (1995) Official Trailer - Brad Pitt, Morgan Freeman Movie HD Subscribe to CLASSIC TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u43jDe Subscribe to TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/sxaw6h Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn Like us on FACEBOOK: http://bit.ly/1QyRMsE Follow us on TWITTER: http://bit.ly/1ghOWmt Two detectives, a rookie and a veteran, hunt a serial killer who uses the seven deadly sins as his modus operandi. Welcome to the Fandango MOVIECLIPS Trailer Vault Channel. Where trailers from the past, from recent to long ago, from a time before YouTube, can be enjoyed by all. We search near and far for original movie trailer from all decades. Feel free to send us your trailer requests and we will do our best to hunt it down. Category	7
In the 2013 Oscar ceremony, which film won the most awards, with four?	seven dvd brad pitt \| eBay seven dvd brad pitt: Get it on or before Wed, Jan. 25 SPONSORED 1 2 3 4 5 eBay determines this price through a machine learned model of the product's sale prices within the last 90 days. eBay determines trending price through a machine learned model of the product’s sale prices within the last 90 days. "New" refers to a brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item, and "Used" refers to an item that has been used previously. Top Rated Plus Sellers with highest buyer ratings Returns, money back Sellers with highest buyer ratings Returns, money back	i don't know
With which type of foodstuff do you associate the name of Levi Roots?	About Time You Heard: Levi Roots \| About Time Magazine Life / Commentary / About Time You Heard: Levi Roots About Time You Heard: Levi Roots SHARE ARTICLE / If anyone mentions Levi Roots, you’ll associate him as the guitar strumming, reggae singing Dragons Den contestant who managed to seal £50,000 funding to kick start his Reggae Reggae Sauce business. Pre sauce and microwaveable meals, Roots was an established reggae artist, having released the politically motivated album Free Your Mind in 1998 and later that year was nominated at the MOBO Awards for Best Reggae Act. We sit down with Roots to discuss Dragons Den, Brixton’s food scene and his latest album. Not before we order a cuppa. I’m so glad I woke up in music it was the right place for me. The next time I slept I woke up in food. It’s always been the dream for me. I was always in the kitchen cooking and I was always on stage performing – that was my formula. The music is the soundtrack to the food I have to offer. Tell us more about your new album? On my new album when I was trying to find the new Levi Roots, I had to think about these new sets of people buying the products that weren’t listening to my music before, who didn’t know the hell who Levi Roots was. We had to write these songs that were quite different to the political songs I sang about before. It was very high political, Rastafarian, religious stuff. It was about Africa and rebelling, fantastic music it was back then and it got me to where I am now. This new album is a little bit more subtler. Can you play it in your car with your mum? Yes, absolutely. I don’t think my mum would have enjoyed my music before but I think now she would listen to my new songs. You’ve gone in a new direction with your music – why is that? I’ve had to because it’s the discovery of who you are and your eyes have got to be open at all times. It’s good to be focused but you have to have an eye open as well. Even though I love Roots and Culture and the music that I did before, I recognise now that people listening to my music probably don’t want to listen to political stuff – they just want to hear generic things about how I see the world, what my passions are, my love life and the stories I want to tell them, but also their love lives and their stories. I think that’s my responsibility now with my new found audience. How long did the album take to make? It took me about a year to get the songs together and about a year to record. We travelled to Jamaica to record it, I really wanted to get that Bob Marley connection so we went and used the studio he used for about 5 or 6 of his albums, using some of his musicians. Everyone recognises you as the face of Reggae Reggae Sauce. Has it been hard for you to separate yourself from it for your music? I actually think it has been easier, music was the reason why people liked me in the first place. You did come on Dragons Den with a guitar.. I did and that was the hook. If I had just come on as me without the guitar and just stood there, it would have been a completely different Dragons Den and that would have been it. I think people now are expecting some music. They saw me with the guitar and they think what do you do with that. We’ve had the food, we’ve eaten it and it tastes fantastic and we’re still buying the sauces 8 years after, but where is that music you’ve talked to us about. I feel like people have been waiting 8 years for it and they’ve kept on hearing this one song. Where did your reggae song come from? I like to call it ‘inspired action’ I like that word and I used it a lot – inspired action. A lot of the time we get inspired and we never act on it. I just woke up one day and fused these two things that I love together. I love cooking and I love food and my kids recognise that and the only way to do that was to write a song about the product, about what it did and how it inspired us as a family. I don’t think it was the sort of moment when you think of something and it sort of comes to you, we just wrote the song even though my kids were like ‘Dad, please don’t sing that song again’. It’s about inspired action and you just do it and I did it when I had that inspiration. I won’t go pretending to be someone else – I’ll go as Levi Roots the singer/songwriter who loves his music and loves the food and that’s who I am and that is who they saw on Dragons Den. How do you feel about Dragons Den now? I watched it on Sunday and it was the best episode I have ever seen, I’ve got to say that. I don’t usually watch it and I didn’t watch it before I went on. I think it was about the same week I was discovered by them that I had actually heard of Dragons Den, it was uttered by one of the producers. This time around watching it really inspired me. The Dragons may not believe it’s a viable idea, but the man or woman standing there who is giving them their blood, sweat and tears knowing that he/she is going to be laughed at and to see them believe in it and if you can see beyond that and put yourself in that position, I think it’s one of the most difficult things you can do. To stand there and pretend you’re the finished product, when really you are looking for someone who can help you along the way, those who are brave enough, like me, like the guy who I saw on Sunday – he got the funding by being himself. He was all over the place, he got his numbers wrong but the passion came through. You played Grillstock Festival in Bristol, are you planning on preforming at any more shows? Absolutely, it was great being on the Grillstock stage, it was fantastic and by far the highlight of the day for us. We also performed at Grillstock in Manchester and we were so loved by them that we’re also doing Grillstock in London for the first time in September. We’re kind of on a UK tour at the moment. Have people warmed to the new album? They have. There are certain songs now that I’m so glad we choose, that it was right to have the softer, more loving songs. We’re also singing a lot of cover songs. There are a few on the album and it allows people to interact with the music. What’s your favourite restaurant in London? I love this place here, I absolutely love Sergios’s. I think it’s great, it has a really great vibe when it’s packed outside and the best thing is the radio stations are all dotted around here, you have BBC Radio London and Radio 4 is down the road. Do you think Brixton has a good food scene? It has. It’s fantastic, there’s been a big change from what it was before and a lot of people are happy and others aren’t. Do you like Pop Brixton? I love Pop Brixton. The reason why I’m a fan of the change is I can remember the days when no one would come to Brixton. A taxi would never take me from North London to Brixton late at night. I’d always have to ask for Vauxhall or Stockwell. It’s a great place, it has really transformed it. I think Pop Brixton has brought a younger element to what Brixton Market is about, where you can get your yams and your fish. Pop Brixton is about young people sharing ideas and having their say on what they want Brixton to be and there’s nothing wrong with that. What is your go to meal? Jamaican food is fantastic. It would have to be the Jamaican national dish which is Ackee and Saltfish. I cook it all the time. You’re on a desert island and you’re only allowed to eat one meal and listen to one album (it can’t be your own album)? When we didn’t have much money when we were making the sauce, we ate alot of pasta as it was cheap and you can just add tomatoes and you have a great meal. The kids and I would really enjoy that meal and for that reason I would have to say pasta – it always fills you up. The album I would listen to still goes back to music we were listening to when we were making the sauce and I’ll choose the Red Hot Chilli Peppers Californication, it was the soundtrack to the sauce. For some reason we weren’t listening to hardcore reggae. I will never forget it, that album just makes me think about where we were coming from as a family in my flat in Brixton, just to remind me where I’m coming from and perhaps where I’m going to go when I get off this desert island.	Reggae Reggae Sauce
In Gilbert and Sullivan’s ‘The Mikado’, with whom is Nanki-Poo in love?	Reggae Reggae Top Down Relish from Levi Roots Reggae Reggae Foods Ltd. - Put some music in your food ! Put some music in your food ! The famous Levi Roots (of UK Dragons den) presents his Top Down Reggae Reggae Relish in a squeezy bottle. Ideal for squirting directly onto your sarnies, burgers or kickbabs! Suitable for Vegans, Suitable for Vegetarians. Made in a factory that uses nut ingredients. Store in a cool dry place. Once opened keep refrigerated and use within 4 weeks. Ingredients: Water, Barley Malt Vinegar, Sugar, Red Onion (15%), Tomato Paste, Carrot (5%), Maize Starch, Onion Powder, Salt, Colour: Plain Caramel, Red Scotch Bonnet Chilli, Allspice, Black Pepper, Nutmeg, Mixed Herbs, Basil, Cinnamon, Thyme, Paprika. Disclaimer: While we work to ensure that product information is correct, on occasion manufacturers may alter their ingredient lists. Actual product packaging and materials may contain more and/or different information than that shown on our Web site. We recommend that you do not solely rely on the information presented and that you always read labels, warnings, and directions before using or consuming a product. For additional information about a product, please contact the manufacturer. Content on this site is for reference purposes only. ChilliWorld assumes no liability for inaccuracies or misstatements about products.	i don't know
Which noun, often used in drug testing, comes from the Latin for “I shall please”?	10 Foreign Words You Thought Were English - Toptenz.net Toptenz.net Posted by Shannon Harris on July 28, 2010 in Humor , Literature \| 5,252 Views \| 39 Responses “English; A language that lurks in dark alleys, beats up other languages, and rifles through their pockets for spare vocabulary.” (Bumper Sticker) A humorous quote that is quite accurate, actually. Of 80,000 English words, roughly 28% originate from Latin, 28% from French, and 25% from Germanic languages (Pie Chart: Wikipedia ). So, to honor those countries that have shared their vocabulary, by choice or by force, here is a list of ten words that native English speakers may not know as foreign. Granted, there are thousands of words to choose from, and to pick ten was difficult. After all, how many know that tycoon comes from the Japanese word “taikun” (great lord)? Or, that gung ho is Mandarin Chinese for “gongye hezhoushe” (work in harmony)? Impress your friends with your new knowledge of the English language as you explain the interesting origin of words like robot (robota, Czech for “drudgery”), chic (originally schick, German for “elegance”), and kiosk (Turkish for “pavilion” or “palace”): 10. Poltergeist As so vividly demonstrated in the numerous Poltergiest and Amityville Horror movies, a poltergeist is some sort of paranormal (and usually violent) activity taking place around those who are deeply troubled or have been traumatized. The word itself comes from the German words “poltern”, meaning to make noise, and “geist”, meaning ghost . Most of this activity has been attributed to various physical or electrical explanations by skeptics, but like with anything paranormal, there are cases that are too weird for explanation. 9. Placebo You’ve probably heard of the placebo effect, especially in drug testing. A placebo is “an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug” ( wordnetweb.princeton ). The noun placebo comes from a Latin verb, meaning “I shall please”, in reference to some participants’ belief that the “medication” had an effect. What is actually happening however is that the participant may be unwilling to say that they experienced nothing out of fear of failure or of disappointing the researcher. 8. Loot Loot, swag, plunder. No matter what word you use, you know that you’re talking about treasure. The word loot itself is an Anglo-Indian word with a root in the Hindi word “lut”. As a Hindi word, loot is an item stolen during war or riot. The word came into the English language during the British occupation of India during the eighteenth century. 7. Kudos An ancient Greek word that means “glory” or “reknown”. In ancient Greek culture, glory was found on the battlefield, much like every other civilization. When a solider was refused his earned due, or kudos, it was considered a very serious insult. One of the most famous examples of kudos is in the Iliad when Agamemnon takes the maiden Briseis from the soldier Achilles as a gift of honor- kudos earned from his glory in battle. 6. Khaki If there is one thing that the British Army was known for up until the nineteenth century, it was their bright red uniforms, earning them the nickname “redcoats”. This made them an easy target no matter where they went, and in combination with their emphasis on holding their formation, they were sitting ducks especially during the American Revolution. However, if one looks at the British Army now, they wear a different and more sensible color : khaki. The British began using the cloth and color found in their colonization of India, hence the name khaki, which means “dusty” or “earth” in Hindi. 5. Juggernaut While most people think of the X-Men villain when they hear this word, it actually dates back to pre-colonial times. Juggernaut is actually Sanskrit for “lord of the universe”, and is a form of the Hindu deity Krishna. The word came into the English language when British visitors to India witnessed a parade famous to the Jagannath Temple, in which statues of deities that were forty-five feet tall on platforms with wheels seven feet in diameter are rolled through the streets. Ironic, as Juggernaut himself is represented as a young boy, often playing a flute. 4. Glitch A word for “slip up”, glitch is believed to be a conglomeration of two words, both that meant to slip or slide, around 1962: “glitshen” (Yiddish) and “glitschen” ( German ). It was first used in English by American astronauts when there was a spike in an electrical current, and then broadened to other technical mishaps. (Image: GLITCH – Designing Imperfection.) 3. Confetti Traditionally, confetti is an Italian word to mean “ candy ”, specifically sugared almonds and other sweet confections eaten during special religious occasions like weddings, baptisms, and first communions. The custom of throwing confetti however, does not come from Italy. In times of antiquity, small food items such as rice, dates, or nuts were thrown during times of celebration to represent fertility and abundance. 2. Berserk Berserk refers to an Old Norse word used to describe the Viking warriors. The word itself means “bear shirt” for the bearskins that the warriors used instead of armor. They believed that by wearing the skins and working themselves into their war frenzy, that they would be endowed with the bear’s energy. Sir Walter Scott began using the word in the 1822 in his book The Pirate, more than one thousand years after the Viking invasions. 1. Assassin The origins of this Arabic word date back to the ninth century, when an Islamic sect was led to overthrow the Suni Muslims. Yemeni Shiite Hasan-I Sabbah was the founder of the group and set about his mission by targeting the enemies’ leaders. The group was given the name Hashshashin , meaning hashish-eaters, and was converted into English in 1603 as “assassin”. by Shannon Harris \| Permalink There is no real "cutoff date" for words. For a word to be considered a part of the language it has to be known by most of the speakers of that particular language and be actively used in communication. However, this is not a clear definition and has many exceptions. Even experts are not clear on this point, there are as many opinions as there are authors. But, generally speaking, while saying a word is "English" we mean it has roots in English and is not a loan word from any other language. I am a student of interpretation myself and I have a diploma from linguistics, so I could start a longer discussion about this. I just provided some basics you may need for your paper. If you need more information, just ask.	Placebo
‘Love Fool’ was the first UK Top 10 hit for which group, in 1997?	Placebo \| definition of placebo by Medical dictionary Placebo \| definition of placebo by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/placebo placebo [plah-se´bo] (L.) 1. a supposedly inert substance such as a sugar pill or injection of sterile water, given under the guise of effective treatment. Paradoxically, it may exert either a positive or a negative effect on the recipient (see placebo effect ). A positive placebo effect can occur when caregiver and patient believe and expect a medication or procedure will relieve symptoms. Placebos are sometimes used in controlled clinical trials of new drugs; while some patients selected at random are given the new drug, others are given a placebo. It may be an active placebo that mimics the new drug's side effects. The patients taking the new drug must have significantly more relief of symptoms than the control group taking the placebo for the new drug to be considered to be effective. See also single blind , double blind , and triple blind . 2. the term has been extended to mean virtually any type of ineffective treatment, including surgery and psychotherapy. Use of placebos is ethically problematic because it deceives the patient. Ethical questions regarding the use of placebos include: (1) Is deception necessary to produce benefit? and (2) Do placebos have a nondeceptive use? pla·ce·bo (plă-sē'bō), 1. An inert substance given as a medicine for its suggestive effect. 2. An inert compound identical in appearance to material being tested in experimental research, which may or may not be known to the physician or patient, administered to distinguish between drug action and suggestive effect of the material under study. [L. I will please, future of placeo] placebo /pla·ce·bo/ (plah-se´bo) [L.] any dummy medical treatment; originally, a medicinal preparation having no specific pharmacological activity against the patient's illness or complaint given solely for the psychophysiological effects of the treatment; more recently, a dummy treatment administered to the control group in a controlled clinical trial in order that the specific and nonspecific effects of the experimental treatment can be distinguished. placebo (plə-sē′bō) n. pl. place·bos or place·boes a. A substance that has positive effects as a result of a patient's perception that it is beneficial rather than as a result of a causative ingredient. b. An inactive substance or preparation used as a control in an experiment or test to determine the effectiveness of a medicinal drug. placebo [pləsē′bō] Etymology: L, shall please an inactive substance, such as saline solution, distilled water, or sugar, or a less than effective dose of a harmless substance, such as a water-soluble vitamin, prescribed as if it were an effective dose of a needed medication. Placebos are used in experimental drug studies to compare the effects of the inactive substance with those of the experimental drug. They are also prescribed for patients who cannot be given the medication they request or who, in the judgment of the health care provider, do not need that medication. placebo An inactive material, often in the form of a capsule, pill or tablet, that is visually identical in appearance to a drug being tested in a clinical trial. The use of placebo control is a required component of the FDA’s drug approval process, as the agent must be proven more effective than the placebo. Ethical questions are sometimes raised about certain uses of placebo controls, as when a negative or placebo control is required to evaluate the efficacy of a therapeutic manoeuvre (thereby denying the placebo group of the therapy’s potential benefit). placebo Medtalk An inactive material, in the form of a capsule, pill, or tablet, which is visually identical, and administered by the same route as a drug being tested; a chemically inert substance given in the guise of medicine for its psychologically suggestive effect; used in controlled clinical trials to determine whether improvement and side effects may reflect imagination or anticipation rather than the drug's power. See Dose control trial , Equivalence trial , Putative placebo trial. Cf Nocebo . pla·ce·bo (plă-sē'bō) 1. A medicinally inactive substance given as a medicine for its suggestive effect. 2. An inert compound identical in appearance to material being tested in experimental research, which may or may not be known to the physician or patient, administered to distinguish between drug action and suggestive effect of the material under study. 3. Any treatment or intervention with no intrinsic therapeutic value performed to achieve a "placebo effect." [L. I will please, future of placeo] placebo 1. A pharmacologically inactive substance made up in a form apparently identical to an active drug that is under trial. Both the placebo and the active drug are given, but the subjects are unaware which is which. This is done for the purpose of eliminating effects due to purely psychological causes. 2. A harmless preparation prescribed to satisfy a patient who does not require active medication. From the Latin placere, to please. See also PLACEBO EFFECT . placebo any inactive substance given to satisfy a patient's psychological need for medication. a control in an experiment to test the effect of a drug. Placebo An inactive substance with no pharmacological action that is administered to some patients in clinical trials to determine the relative effectiveness of another drug administered to a second group of patients.	i don't know
A type of cancer arising from the melanocyte cells of the skin is known as what?	Malignant melanoma \| definition of malignant melanoma by Medical dictionary Malignant melanoma \| definition of malignant melanoma by Medical dictionary http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/malignant+melanoma Definition Malignant melanoma is a type of cancer arising from the melanocyte cells of the skin. Melanocytes are cells in the skin that produce a pigment called melanin. Malignant melanoma develops when the melanocytes no longer respond to normal control mechanisms of cellular growth. They may then invade nearby structures or spread to other organs in the body (metastasis), where again they invade and compromise the function of that organ. Description Melanocytes are derived from a structure in the human embryo called the neural crest. They are distributed in the epidermis and thus are found throughout the skin. They produce a brown pigment known as melanin and are responsible for racial variation in skin color as well as the color of moles . Malignant degeneration of the melanocyte gives rise to the tumor known as melanoma, which has four subtypes. These are: superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna, and acral lentiginous melanomas, accounting for 70%, 15% to 30%, 4% to 10%, and 2% to 8% of cases, respectively. Malignant melanoma may develop anywhere on the body. In men, it is most common on the trunk. In women, it is most common on the back or legs. The subtype also may influence where the tumor develops; lentigo melanoma is more common on the face while acral lentiginous melanoma is more common on the palms of the hand, soles of the feet, or in the nail beds. The locally invasive characteristic of this tumor involves vertical penetration through the skin and into the dermis and subcutaneous (under-the-skin) tissues of the malignant melanocytes. With the exception of the nodular variety of melanoma, there is often a phase of radial or lateral growth associated with these tumors. Since it is the vertical growth that characterizes the malignancy, the nodular variant of melanoma carries the worst prognosis. Fortunately, the superficial spreading type is most common. The primary tumor begins in the skin, often from the melanocytes of a pre-existing mole. Once it becomes invasive, it may progress beyond the site of origin to the regional lymph nodes or travel to other organ systems in the body and become systemic in nature. Lymph is the clear, protein-rich fluid that bathes the cells throughout our body. Lymph will work its way back to the bloodstream via small channels known as lymphatics. Along the way, the lymph is filtered through cellular stations known as nodes, thus they are called lymph nodes. Nearly all organs in the body have a primary lymph node group filtering the tissue fluid, or lymph, that comes from that organ. Different areas of the skin have different primary nodal stations. For the leg, they are in the groin. For the arm, the armpit or axilla. For the face, it is the neck. Depending where on the torso the tumor develops, it may drain into one groin or armpit, or both. Cancer, as it invades in its place of origin, may also work its way into blood vessels. If this occurs, it provides yet another route for the cancer to spread to other organs of the body. When the cancer spreads elsewhere in the body, it has become systemic in extent and the tumor growing elsewhere is known as a metastasis. Untreated malignant melanoma follows a classic progression. It begins and grows locally, penetrating vertically. It may be carried via the lymph to the regional nodes, known as regional metastasis. It may go from the lymph to the bloodstream or penetrate blood vessels, directly allowing it a route to go elsewhere in the body. When systemic disease or distant metastasis occur, melanoma commonly involves the lung, brain, liver, or occasionally bone. The malignancy causes death when its uncontrolled growth compromises vital organ function. Of the anticipated new cases of cancer for the year 2003 in the United States, malignant melanoma will account for 5% of malignancies in men and 4% in women, being the sixth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women. It is estimated there will be 553,400 total cancer deaths in the United States in 2001. Malignant melanoma will account for 7,800 of these deaths, for an incidence of 1.5% of total deaths related to cancer. The incidence of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma has been steadily increasing, possibly related to increase of sun exposure. Currently, the risk is about 13 per 100,000 of the population. It affects all age groups but is most commonly seen in patients between 30 and 60 years of age. Sun exposure definitely increases the risk of developing melanoma, particularly in older males. The melanocytes are part of the integument's photoprotective mechanism; in response to sunlight, they produce melanin that has a protective role from the sun's ultraviolet rays. For Caucasians, the amount of melanin present in the skin is directly related to sun exposure. However, it is not so much the total sun exposure that seems important, rather it is the history of sunburn , (especially if severe or at an early age), that correlates with the increased risk. On this basis populations of fair-skinned people living in areas of high sun exposure such as the southwest United States or Australia are subject to increased risk. Malignant melanoma also affects non-Caucasians—though sun exposure probably does not play a role—at a rate of 10% that of Caucasians. The most common form of melanoma in African Americans is acral lentiginous melanoma. Malignant melanoma may arise in the skin anywhere on the body. It is estimated that 50%-70% develop spontaneously while the remainder start in a pre-existing mole. Causes and symptoms The predisposing causes to the development of malignant melanoma are environmental and genetic. The environmental factor is excessive sun exposure. There are also genetically transmitted familial syndromes with alterations in the CDKN2A gene, which encodes for the tumor-suppressing proteins p16 and p19. In 2003 a group of Swedish researchers reported that 63 out of a group of 71 melanoma patients, or 89% of the group, had mutations in either the NRAS or the BRAF gene. The researchers found that these mutations occur at an early point in the development of melanoma and remain as the tumor progresses. As of early 2003, some researchers think there may be two pathways to malignant melanoma, one involving exposure to sunlight and the other with melanocyte proliferation triggered by other factors. This hypothesis is based on the difference in distribution of moles on the body between patients who develop melanomas on the face and neck, and those who develop melanomas on the trunk. A small percentage of melanomas arise within burn scar tissue. As of 2003, researchers do not fully understand the relationship between deep burns and an increased risk of skin cancer. As mentioned previously, melanin production in fair-skinned people is induced by sun exposure. An exposure substantial enough to result in a mild sunburn will be followed by melanin producing a tan that may last a few weeks. Both ultraviolet radiation and damaging oxygen radicals caused by sun exposure may damage cells, particularly their DNA. It is suspected that this damage induces mutations that result in the development of malignant melanoma. Though these mutations are alterations of the genome causing the melanoma, they are environmentally induced and account for sporadic or spontaneous cases of this disease. A positive family history of one or two first-degree relatives having had melanoma substantially increases the risk on a genetic basis. A family tendency is observed in 8% to 12% of patients. There is a syndrome known as the dysplastic (atypical) nevus syndrome that is characterized by atypical moles with bothersome clinical features in children under age 10. Such individuals have to be observed closely for the development of malignant melanoma. Chromosome 9p has been identified as being involved in familial predisposition. There are mutations in up to 50% of familial melanoma patients of the tumor-suppressing gene CDKN2A. The actual number of moles increases risk, but the size of the moles needs be considered. Those with 10 larger moles of over 1 cm (0.4 in.) are at more risk than those with a higher number (50-99) of smaller moles. Finally, when a child is born with a large congenital mole, careful observation for change is appropriate because of increased risk. An excellent way of identifying changes of significance in a mole is the ABCDE rule: Asymmetry Diameter greater than 6 mm (0.24 in) Elevation above surrounding tissue. Notice that three of the criteria refer to variability of the lesion (color variegation refers to areas of light color and black scattered within the mole). Thus small, uniform regular lesions have less cause for concern. It is important to realize that change in a mole or the rapid development of a new one are very important symptoms. Another summary of important changes in a mole is the Glasgow 7-point scale. The symptoms and signs below can occur anywhere on the skin, including the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and also the nail beds: Change in size Sensory change Diameter greater than 7 mm (0.28 in. In this scheme, change is emphasized along with size. Bleeding and sensory changes are relatively late symptoms. Symptoms related to the presence of regional disease are mostly those of nodules or lumps in the areas containing the lymph nodes draining the area. Thus nodularity can be found in the armpit, the groin, or the neck if regional nodes are involved. There is also a special type of metastasis that can occur regionally with malignant melanoma; it is known as an in-transit metastasis. If the melanoma is spreading through the lymph system, some of the tumor may grow there, resulting in a nodule part way between the primary site and the original lymph node. These in-transit metastasis are seen both at the time of original presentation or later after primary treatment has been rendered, the latter being a type of recurrence. Finally, in those who either present with or progress to widespread or systemic disease, symptoms and signs are related to the affected organ. Thus neurologic problems, lung problems, or liver problems develop depending on the organ involved. Diagnosis None of the clinical signs or symptoms discussed above are absolute indications that a patient has malignant melanoma. The actual diagnosis is accomplished by biopsy, a procedure that removes tissue to examine under a microscope. It is important that the signs and symptoms are used to develop a suspicion of the diagnosis because the way the biopsy is performed for melanoma may be different than for other lesions of the skin. The doctor may also use a dermatoscope to examine the mole prior to removal. The dermatoscope, which can be used to distinguish between benign moles and melanomas, is an instrument that resembles an ophthalmoscope. An immersion oil is first applied to the mole to make the outer layers of skin transparent. When dealing with an early malignant melanoma, it is very important to establish the exact thickness of penetration of the primary tumor. Any biopsy that does not remove the full vertical extent of the primary is inadequate. Therefore, if a skin lesion is suspicious, full thickness excisional biopsy is the approach recommended. Shave biopsies and biopsies that remove only a portion of the suspect area are inappropriate. Often, in an early case, the excision involves just the suspicious lesion with minimal normal skin, but it should be a full vertical excision of the skin. If a melanoma is diagnosed, further treatment of this area will often be necessary but does not compromise outcome (prognosis). In some special areas of the body, minor modifications may be necessary about initial total excision, but full thickness excision should always be the goal. (See staging, below.) Once the diagnosis is obtained, careful examination of the patient for regional lymph node involvement should be done. A careful review to uncover any symptoms of widespread disease is also appropriate. The more common patient has an early melanoma, and extensive testing is not usually warranted. Routine testing in this situation involves a complete blood count , a chest x ray , and determinations of blood enzymes including lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. If the patient has signs or symptoms of more advanced disease, or if the lesion's depth of penetration is sizeable, further imaging studies may be appropriate. These would involve CAT scans of the abdomen, the chest, or regional nodal areas, or a CT or MRI of the brain. Treatment The key to successful treatment is early diagnosis. Patients identified with localized, thin, small lesions (typified by superficial spreading subtype) nearly always survive. For those with advanced lesions, the outcome is poor in spite of progress in systemic therapy. Clinical staging Malignant melanoma is locally staged based on the depth of penetration through the skin and its appendages. There are two ways of looking at the depth of penetration. The Clarke system utilizes the layers of the dermis and the skin appendages present at that layer to identify the depth of penetration. The Breslow system uses the absolute measurement of depth. Though useful conceptually, the Clarke system is used less frequently because of the fact that skin is of different thickness in different regions of the body. The depth of penetration is much greater when the tumor reaches the subcutaneous fat when the skin involved is the back as opposed to the face. It turns out that the Breslow measurement is more reproducible and thus more useful; therefore, for purposes here, depth of penetration by absolute measurement (Breslow) is used in local staging. Stage I and stage II have no involvement of the regional lymph nodes and are thus localized to the site of origin. These stages are subdivided on the basis of penetration. Stage Ia is 0.75 mm or less (1 mm = 0.04 in), and Stage Ib is 0.75-1.5 mm penetration. Stage IIa is 1.5-4.0 mm and Stage IIb is over 4.0 mm or into the subcutaneous fat. In stage III and IV, there is disease beyond the primary site. Stage III is defined by the presence of in-transit or regional nodal metastasis or both. Stage IV is defined by the presence of distant metastasis. Once the diagnosis of malignant melanoma has been established by biopsy and the stage has been identified using the results of the examination and studies, a treatment plan is developed. Melanoma is not cured unless it is diagnosed at a stage when it can be isolated and removed surgically. Considerations revolve around the extent of the local and regional nodal surgery for stages I through III. For stage IV patients, or those that are treated and then develop recurrence at distant sites, chemotherapy or immunotherapy is planned. Studies are in progress to improve the results from traditional chemotherapeutic regimens. Adjuvant therapy (auxiliary drug treatment used to make possibility of relapse less for those at high risk) is also considered. Surgical therapy for the primary site is that of wide local removal of the skin including subcutaneous tissue surrounding the lesion. In the past, wide excisions were large and encompassed 2 in. of tissue in all directions wherever feasible. It has been shown that such wide local excisions are not necessary and the issue has become: how wide is enough? Studies from the World Health Organization Melanoma Group and by the Melanoma Intergroup Committee in the United States have provided general guidelines based on the depth of penetration of the melanoma. These guidelines and anatomic considerations need to be kept in mind by the surgeon. The next issue in primary management is whether the patient should have the regional lymph nodes removed in addition to treatment of the primary tumor. The problems associated with the resection of regional lymph nodes are those of lifelong edema or swelling in the extremity. Though it does not occur in all patients (5% to 20%, depending on the extremity and extent of the dissection), it can be a disabling symptom. Certainly, if it could be ascertained that there was disease in the nodes, resection (removal) would be appropriate. However, if there was no disease, the risk of edema should be avoided. In patients with no signs of regional disease, depth of penetration of the primary tumor helps guide the decision. If the tumor penetrates less than 1mm, dissection is not usually done. If it is 1-2 mm, node dissection may be done at the time of primary treatment or the patient may be observed and only undergo lymph node dissection if the area later shows signs of disease. If the patient has enlarged lymph nodes or the depth of the tumor has led to the evaluation by CAT scan showing enlarged nodes, resection of the nodes will be considered. In the latter case, more extensive imaging of the lung, liver, or brain may be appropriate to be sure the patient does not already have stage IV disease. Questions related to which patients should have resection of regional lymph nodes have led to an intermediary procedure known as sentinel node mapping and biopsy. Intermediate thickness melanomas between 1 and 4 mm deep (0.04 and 0.16 in.) may have nodal involvement even if the examination and any other studies done are normal. If a radioisotope tracer or blue dye is injected into the area of the primary tumor, very shortly it will travel to the lymph nodes draining that area. These sentinel nodes are thus identifiable and are the most likely to harbor any regional metastatic disease. If these nodes alone are biopsied and are normal, the rest of the lymph node group can be spared. If they show microscopic deposits of tumor, then the full resection of the lymph node group may be completed. This procedure allows selection of those patients with intermediate thickness melanoma who will benefit from the regional lymph node dissection. Patients with metastatic melanoma who do not respond well to other therapies may be candidates for treatment with aldesleukin. Aldesleukin is a form of interleukin, a specific kind of biological response modifier that promotes the development of T-cells. These cells are part of the lymphatic system and can directly interact with and fight cancer cells. Although aldesleukin is produced naturally in the body, its therapeutic form is developed via biotechnology in a laboratory setting. Treatment is considered palliative, which means that it provides comfort but does not produce a cure. Side effects, however, can be severe, and range from flu-like symptoms to whole-body infection ( sepsis ) and coma . Some patients, such as those with IIb or stage III melanoma, are at high risk for the development of recurrence after treatment. Although these patients are clinically free of disease after undergoing primary treatment, they are more likely to have some microscopic disease in the body that studies have not yet been able to identify. In an effort to decrease the rate of relapse, adjuvant therapy may be considered. Interferon alpha 2a is an agent that stimulates the immune system. This adjuvant therapy may slightly increase the duration of a patient's disease-free state and lengthen overall survival. However, interferon alpha 2a has high toxicity and patients may not tolerate the side effects. Unfortunately, treatment for those patients who present with or go on to develop systemic disease usually fails; melanoma that has metastasized to the brain is particularly difficult to treat. The chemotherapeutic agent dacarbazine, or DTIC, seems to be the most active agent. Overall responses are noted in about 20% of patients, and they last only two to six months. Combination therapy may be an option. The regimen of DTIC + BCNU (carmustine) + cisplatin + tamoxifen delivers a response rate of 40%. Combining biologic or immunologic agents such as interferon with standard chemotherapeutic agents is under study and showing improved response rates, though toxicity is substantial and only the healthier, younger patients tolerate the treatment. Some researchers are investigating the reasons why melanomas are so resistant to chemotherapy. One suggestion as of late 2003 is that the genes ordinarily responsible for apoptosis (cell self-destruction) do not function normally in melanomas. The development of new drugs to treat melanoma depends on a better understanding of the complex processes involved in apoptosis. Alternative treatment Though radiation therapy has a minimal role in the primary treatment of malignant melanoma, for patients who have metastatic disease, radiation may be helpful. This is true in patients who have developed tumor deposits in such areas as the brain or bone. Prognosis Almost all patients survive stage Ia malignant melanoma, and the suvivorship for stage I overall is more than 90%. Survival drops in stage IIa to about 65% at five years and is worse yet for stage IIb at slightly over 50%. Stage III has a survival rate at 5 years of 10%-47%, depending on the size and number of regional nodes involved. Stage IV malignant melanoma is almost always a fatal disease. Coping with cancer treatment For those with familial tendencies for malignant melanoma, genetic counseling may be appropriate. Psychological counseling may be appropriate for anyone having trouble coping with a potentially fatal disease. Local cancer support groups may be helpful and are often identified by contacting local hospitals or the American Cancer Society. Prevention Though it is difficult to prove that sunscreens statistically reduce the frequency of malignant melanoma at this time, most authorities recommend their use as protection from ultraviolet light (considered a major factor in the development of melanoma.) Avoidance of severe sunburns is recommended. Key terms Adjuvant therapy — Treatment given to patients who are at risk of having microscopic untreated disease present but have no obvious symptoms. Dermis — The deeper portion or layer of the skin beneath the epidermis. Dysplastic nevus syndrome — A familial syndrome characterized by the presence of multiple atypical appearing moles, often at a young age. Epidermis — The uppermost layer of skin cells. Genome — The genetic makeup of a cell, composed of DNA. Immunotherapy — A form of treatment that uses biologic agents to enhance or stimulate normal immune function. Integument — The medical name for the skin. Lymph node dissection — Surgical removal of a group of lymph nodes. Lymphedema — Swelling of an arm or leg following surgical removal of the lymph nodes that drain the limb. Melanocytes — Skin cells derived from the neural crest that produce the protein pigment melanin. Metastasis (plural, metastases) — A tumor growth or deposit that has spread via lymph or blood to an area of the body remote from the primary tumor. Nevus (plural, nevi) — A medical term for mole. Resection — The act of removing something surgically. Skin appendages — Structures related to the integument such as hair follicles and sweat glands. Variegation — Patchy variation in color. Resources Books Abeloff, Armitage, Lichter, and Niederhuber. Clinical Oncology Library. 2nd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, 1999. Beers, Mark H., MD, and Robert Berkow, MD, editors. "Dermatologic Disorders: Malignant Tumors." Section 10, Chapter 126. In The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 2004. Beers, Mark H., MD, and Robert Berkow, MD, editors. "Dermatologic Disorders: Moles." Section 10, Chapter 125 In The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 2004. Beers, Mark H., MD, and Robert Berkow, MD, editors. "Dermatologic Disorders: Reactions to Sunlight." Section 10, Chapter 119. In The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 2004. Periodicals Brown, C. K., and J. M. Kirkwood. "Medical Management of Melanoma." Surgical Clinics of North America 83 (April 2003): 283-322. Carlson, J. A., A. Slominski, G. P. Linette, et al. "Malignant Melanoma 2003: Predisposition, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Staging." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 120 , Supplement (December 2003): S101-S127. Eigentler, T. K., U. M. Caroli, P. Radny, and C. Garbe. "Palliative Therapy of Disseminated Malignant Melanoma: A Systematic Review of 41 Randomised Clinical Trials." Lancet Oncology 4 (December 2003): 748-759. Halder, R. M., and C. J. Ara. "Skin Cancer and Photoaging in Ethnic Skin." Dermatologic Clinics 21 (October 2003): 725-732. Horig, H., and H. L. Kaufman. "Local Delivery of Poxvirus Vaccines for Melanoma." Seminars in Cancer Biology 13 (December 2003): 417-422. Jellouli-Elloumi, A., L. Kochbati, S. Dhraief, et al. "Cancers Arising from Burn Scars: 62 Cases." [in French] Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie 130 (April 2003): 413-416. McWilliams, R. R., P. D. Brown, J. C. Buckner, et al. "Treatment of Brain Metastases from Melanoma." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 78 (December 2003): 1529-1536. Omholt, K., A. Platz, L. Kanter, et al. "NRAS and BRAF Mutations Arise Early During Melanoma Pathogenesis and Are Preserved Throughout Tumor Progression." Clinical Cancer Research 9 (December 15, 2003): 6483-6488. Rockmann, H., and D. Schadendorf. "Drug Resistance in Human Melanoma: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities" Onkologie 26 (December 2003): 581-587. Weinstock, Martin A. "Early Detection of Melanoma." JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association 284 (August 16, 2000): 886. Whiteman, D. C., P. Watt, D. M. Purdie, et al. "Melanocytic Nevi, Solar Keratoses, and Divergent Pathways to Cutaneous Melanoma." Journal of the National Cancer Institute 95 (June 4, 2003): 806-812. Organizations American Academy of Dermatology. 930 N. Meacham Road, P.O. Box 4014, Schaumburg, IL 60168-4014. (847) 330-0230. Fax: (847) 330-0050. http://www.aad.org. American Cancer Society. 1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329. (800) ACS-2345. National Cancer Institute (NCI). NCI Public Inquiries Office, Suite 3036A, 6116 Executive Boulevard, MSC8332, Bethesda, MD 20892-8322. (800) 4-CANCER or (800) 332-8615 (TTY). http://www.nci.nih.gov. Other Surface: nodular and/or irregular, ragged, sloughy, ulcer; oozing Treatment: wide excision and biopsy; lymphadenectomy and radiation therapy if there is associated lymphatic spread Verrucous carcinoma of the foot (epithelioma; carcinoma cingulatum) Location: at any skin site; predilection for plantar skin Progression: initially resembles verruca plantaris; slowly progressive to form a nodular lesion and later a soggy, foul-smelling ulcer with sinuses somewhat remote from the main lesion Cellular involvement: obviously malignant epidermal cells invade the dermis Treatment: as for SCC Figure 1: Bones of the foot. This article was published in Neale's Disorders of the Foot, Lorimer, French, O'Donnell, Burrow, Wall, Copyright Elsevier, (2006). melanoma a tumor arising from melanocytes, dendritic cells of neuroectodermal origin, or melanoblasts. They are most common in the skin, eye and oral cavity of dogs and aged gray horses, but occur occasionally as congenital lesions in pigs, goats and cattle. An inherited, malignant melanoma is recorded in swordtail-platyfish hybrids. amelanotic melanoma one containing little or no melanin. benign m's usually pigmented plaques or nodules. Those with junctional activity are analogous to the human compound junctional nevus. congenital melanoma of pigs a single or multiple pigmented tumor of the skin or viscera that grows slowly and may metastasize. Spontaneous regression is common. An inherited form seen in Sinclair miniature pigs. dermal melanoma a tumor which arises from rests of melanocytes in the dermis, remnants of neural crest precursors. Pigmentation is variable. It is usually benign. malignant melanoma a malignant, rapidly growing, frequently ulcerated mass, consisting of either spindle cells or epithelioid cells or a mixture of the two, with a marked tendency to metastasize. The tumor cells may or may not (amelanotic) be pigmented. Although melanomas in pigs and cattle are usually benign and are not treated, those in horses, dogs, cats and occasional cases in sheep, goats and pigs are malignant. Called also nevocarcinoma.	Melanoma
Which historic Derbyshire building is said to be ‘more glass than wall’?	What is melanoma skin cancer? What is melanoma skin cancer? Key statistics for melanoma skin cancer What is melanoma skin cancer? Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can then spread to other areas of the body. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer? Melanoma is a cancer that usually starts in a certain type of skin cell. Types of skin cells The 3 main types of cells in the top layer of the skin (called the epidermis) are: Squamous cells: These are flat cells in the outer part of the epidermis that are constantly shed as new ones form. Basal cells: These cells are in the lower part of the epidermis, called the basal cell layer. These cells constantly divide to form new cells to replace the squamous cells that wear off the skin’s surface. As these cells move up in the epidermis, they get flatter, eventually becoming squamous cells. Melanocytes: These are the cells that can become melanoma. They make a brown pigment called melanin, which gives the skin its tan or brown color. Melanin protects the deeper layers of the skin from some of the harmful effects of the sun. For most people, when skin is exposed to the sun, melanocytes make more of the pigment, causing the skin to tan or darken. Melanoma skin cancers Melanoma is a cancer that begins in the melanocytes. Other names for this cancer include malignant melanoma and cutaneous melanoma. Most melanoma cells still make melanin, so melanoma tumors are usually brown or black. But some melanomas do not make melanin and can appear pink, tan, or even white. Melanomas can develop anywhere on the skin, but they are more likely to start on the trunk (chest and back) in men and on the legs in women. The neck and face are other common sites. Having darkly pigmented skin lowers your risk of melanoma at these more common sites, but anyone can get melanoma on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and under the nails. Melanomas in these areas make up a much larger portion of melanomas in African Americans than in whites. Melanomas can also form in other parts of your body such as the eyes , mouth, genitals, and anal area, but these are much less common than melanoma of the skin. Melanoma is much less common than basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers. But melanoma is more dangerous because it’s much more likely to spread to other parts of the body if not caught early. Other skin cancers There are many other types of skin cancer. Skin cancers that are not melanomas are sometimes grouped as non-melanoma skin cancers because they develop from skin cells other than melanocytes. They tend to behave very differently from melanomas and are often treated with different methods. Basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers Basal cell and squamous cell cancers are by far the most common skin cancers, and actually are more common than any other form of cancer. Because they rarely spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers are usually less concerning and are treated differently from melanoma. These cancers are discussed in Skin Cancer: Basal and Squamous Cell . Less common skin cancers Other types of non-melanoma skin cancer are much less common than basal and squamous cell cancers and are treated differently. They include: Many types of benign (non-cancerous) tumors can develop from different types of skin cells. Benign tumors that start in melanocytes A mole (nevus) is a benign skin tumor that develops from melanocytes. Almost everyone has some moles. Nearly all moles (nevi) are harmless, but having some types can raise your risk of melanoma. See the section Risk factors for melanoma skin cancer for more information about moles. A Spitz nevus is a kind of mole that sometimes looks like melanoma. It’s more common in children and teens, but it can also be seen in adults. These tumors are generally benign and don’t spread. But sometimes doctors have trouble telling Spitz nevi from true melanomas, even when looking at them under a microscope. Therefore, they are often removed, just to be safe. Benign tumors that develop from other types of skin cells Seborrheic keratoses: tan, brown, or black raised spots with a “waxy” texture Hemangiomas: benign blood vessel growths, often called strawberry spots Lipomas: soft growths made up of fat cells Warts: rough-surfaced growths caused by some types of human papilloma virus (HPV) Most of these tumors rarely, if ever, turn into cancers. There are many other kinds of benign skin tumors, but most are not very common. <!-- SS_END_OPENREGIONMARKER(region1)--> <!-- SS_BEGIN_CLOSEREGIONMARKER(region1)-->	i don't know
In ‘The Big Bang Theory’, what are Amy’s other names?	TBBT’s Mayim Bialik on Amy & Sheldon’s Big Night -- Vulture Print Share Mayim Bialik didn’t begin her tenure as Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler on The Big Bang Theory until the end of season three, but her character has become so integral to the show that it’s hard to believe she wasn’t present since day one. A whip-smart neuroscientist with a penchant for playing the harp and conducting unusual scientific experiments, Amy was initially written in as a female-counterpart-love-interest hybrid for Sheldon — she was cold, awkward, and condescending to those around her, and not well-liked in return. But with each season, Amy’s personality grew for the better, and she’s now a confident, bold woman who enjoys knocking back glasses of merlot and exchanging hot gossip with Penny and Bernadette. At the end of last season, Amy became fed up with her now-ex-boyfriend Sheldon’s lack of physical intimacy (and lots of other signature Sheldon quirks), and “terminated” the relationship as a result. She goes back on the dating scene, though not before it’s revealed to the audience that Sheldon was going to propose. But don’t fret, “Shamy” enthusiasts. Not only are they back together, they’ll finally be having sex for the very first time in tonight’s episode . Bialik, who holds a PhD in neuroscience herself, has received four consecutive Emmy nominations for her supporting role on the massively popular show, and she feels grateful for the career renaissance that it provided. “I’ve had a second opportunity to be on a successful sitcom, and it’s an unbelievable blessing,” she says, referencing her tenure as the lead child actress on Blossom in the 1990s. “I had it once when I was a teenager and left the industry, never thinking I would work like this again. To be a regularly employed actor is unbelievable.” Bialik recently spoke with Vulture to discuss Amy and Sheldon’s big night, being typecast in Hollywood, and the biggest misconception about The Big Bang Theory. Do you recall how Amy was initially pitched to you? It wasn’t “pitched” to me exactly. I was an actress looking to audition for anything and everything that I could. I had left the industry for 12 years, I had gotten my undergraduate and graduate degrees, I had two kids. I didn’t have the Hollywood industry at my disposal to have things pitched to me. [Laughs] So the audition came in, and it said they needed a female Jim Parsons. I had no idea who that was because I had never seen the show. After my manager was done being annoyed with me, I googled it and looked at about ten seconds of Jim Parsons doing what he does, and I was like, oh, I know people like that. And then I just did my best female impression of him. That was the end of season three, and they made me a regular in season four. Were there any difficulties you faced early on to make Amy a distinctive character, as opposed to being strictly labeled as a “female Sheldon”? Yeah, honestly, in the first episode I was in, I only had maybe three lines. When I came back in season four, [show co-creators] Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady said, “We can definitely flesh this out a little more,” because there really wasn’t much to her in that first episode. We had to be very careful because people are very protective over Sheldon and that character. People were very worried about this; they didn’t want him to change. There were two versions of Amy that I first presented. One, she did not make eye contact at all, and we actually recorded a version of that. Then they decided to have her make eye contact, and that’s what we ended up going with. I have my own physicality and way about me, but it’s really the writers that would decide what would come out of her mouth. Amy has certainly turned into a more confident, social woman as the seasons have progressed. When did you first notice this shift taking place? When she started having more scenes with Penny and Bernadette, we started to see that. We always knew she could stand her own against Sheldon intellectually, but it was really in the social arena where she got to explore more of the features of her personality. That’s certainly true when people are late bloomers and find a new social group. I want to talk about the dynamics of Sheldon and Amy’s relationship. It’s certainly abnormal, but do you think it’s overall a healthy one? The fact is the most notable feature of their relationship is that they’re not sexual, which I don’t inherently think is a problem [Laughs]. Other people report that Sheldon is rough on everybody around him, but I think we’ve presented a couple who has a lot of mutual respect for each other and appreciate all of the quirky things about each other. Even if they’re unhappy about it at times, it’s something they tolerate and work through, and obviously the breakup at the end of last season was an affront to that. People will be happy to know that we obviously get back together, and the week after we have this sex episode. What was more surprising for you at the end of last season — that Amy broke up with Sheldon, or that Sheldon was going to propose? That’s a good question. The breakup was pretty surprising. I didn’t really feel like I necessarily had a handle on why they wanted to do that. Actually, at the end of the season we don’t officially know that he’s going to propose. He takes out a ring and says, “What should I do with this?” It still could’ve meant a lot of things. But yeah, the breakup was very surprising to me. Like Amy, you have a PhD in neuroscience yourself. Do you ever assist in writing the show’s more scientific dialogue? Honestly, when my character and Melissa Rauch’s character (Bernadette) were added, a lot of people remarked that the show was a lot more science-y and the plots more centered around science, and now we’re more relationship-y. For me, I think that we’re a comedy, so wherever we find the comedy is where the show will have its success. As a scientist, I like to see science-y things, and I happen to like those plots personally, but I think our writers are doing a really, really good job of navigating all aspects of the show. Because of your scientific background, do you often find yourself typecast with the scripts you’re sent or the roles you’re offered? Yeah, I think it’s more in terms of being a character actress and not a traditional-looking female. Meaning, of the women that are character actresses, there are different types among us, and the type like me will get secretary, doctor, and things like that. Sometimes quirky best friend, but it really depends. Are there any roles you haven’t been offered yet that you’re particularly keen on playing? Oh, sure. There are a lot of roles featuring strong, comedic females. We’re seeing a lot more of it, and we’re seeing a lot more of nontraditional females. I think Amy Schumer is a real heroine for a lot of us quirky and unusual comedian types. I just did a movie for Lifetime, and it’s the first time I’ve ever been cast as a lead. There’s certainly room to grow as an actor. Do you have as much time as you’d like to still pursue your academic interests? No, unfortunately. My full-time job is an actor, and I’m a mom of two kids. The thing with being an academic is that you need to pretty much constantly be immersed in not only a laboratory but a school or university setting or conferences. It’s all-consuming. I taught neuroscience for about five years after getting my degree, to junior-high and high-school students in our homeschool community here. I view the world as a scientist, and it’s in my existence and consciousness every day, but in terms of having time for formal neuroscience, no. Once you don’t do a post-doc after a PhD, you’re kind of old for your business. To change topics ever so slightly, when were you and Jim informed that Amy and Sheldon would be doing the dirty? Oh, we weren’t informed! We found out the night before we started rehearsing the script. We were taping the episode before that, and they emailed the scripts to us during the taping. I never read scripts during the taping, I’ll usually just read them later or the next morning. But I had a light night and I read this script. And as Jim and I were passing each other in the hall on the way to do another scene, I said, "Have you read next week’s script?" And he said, "No, do we do it?" And he was just kidding and he couldn’t believe it! We were really shocked. How did the rest of the cast react? We didn’t really talk about it, honestly. There’s a fantastic scene, I think it’s my favorite scene in that episode, between Penny, Bernadette, and Sheldon, where he tells them that he has this idea that he would like to give Amy coitus for her birthday. It’s a lot of heavy comedy stuff in that episode overall, but he and I really talked about it the most because it’s all of our scenes together. What can you tell us about how the narrative of that episode is set up? It’s Amy’s birthday and Sheldon decides to, with the help of Bob Newhart as Professor Proton in his dreams, skip the Star Wars premiere and spend Amy’s birthday with her. He decides on his own — this is not Amy-driven — that he thinks [having sex] would be an appropriate gift. He has three choices of gifts to give her that he runs through Penny and Bernadette, and fortunately they let Amy know this is happening so she could prepare. There’s a very sweet scene where he comes over and they talk about it, and then we have a bed scene before and a bed scene after. So it’s not a dream sequence! It’s not a dream! I’m just going to go ahead and say it right here! It ain’t no dream. What do you credit as the main factor behind the show’s long run? Our writers. There’s great chemistry we have on the cast, but we’re not funny standing there saying nothing. It’s totally our writers. They’re a really bright bunch; they seem much more like a group of intellectuals than a group of comedy writers like you might picture. They’re writing the stories that people are falling in love with. They’re writing these characters, and it’s all good, it’s all them. It has a good universal appeal, too. How many more seasons do you see the show on the air for? I have no idea, I’m the worst person to ask. We were asked this a couple of years ago, and they were like, “Oh, we’re going to go ten seasons.” And I was thinking, no way. There are statistics that they base it on, like, oh, if you’re still No. 1 it usually takes X number of years to not be No. 1. I have no clue! What do you think the biggest misconception of The Big Bang Theory is? A lot of people think we perpetuate negative stereotypes about nerds, but I don’t see it that way. That’s something I hear a lot, or that we have negative stereotypes of female nerds. But I actually think we show a lot of different kinds of female nerds and that we show a portion of the population that’s really underrepresented on television. Our writers love these characters very much, and I always feel that it’s done very tenderly. Tags:	farrah fowler
After a row over her expenses claims, who resigned as Culture Secretary in April 2014?	List of The Big Bang Theory characters \| The Big Bang Theory Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia List of The Big Bang Theory characters 1,132pages on Share The Big Bang Theory cast- Season 9 The following is a list of characters from the American situation comedy The Big Bang Theory created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady , which premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007. It concerns two prodigies in their 20s, one a theoretical physicist and the other an experimental physicist, who work at Caltech and live across the hall from a waitress with show-biz aspirations. Their geekiness and intellect are contrasted by her social skills and common sense. Contents This diagram illustrates the complex relationships between The Big Bang Theory characters [1] . Regular Recurring Main Dr. Leonard Leakey [1] Hofstadter ( Johnny Galecki ) is an experimental physicist with an IQ of 173 who received his Ph.D. when he was 24 years old. He shares an apartment with colleague and friend Sheldon Cooper . The writers have toyed with a romance between him and neighbor Penny , with their unresolved sexual tension being a major force for drama. Leonard dated Penny for most of Season 3, and while they have since broken up, some sexual tension is still apparent, but they rekindle their relationship in mid-Season 5. Previous to Penny, Leonard had romantic relationships with co-worker Dr. Leslie Winkle , physician Dr. Stephanie Barnett , an unnamed French literature PhD, and North Korean spy Joyce Kim . Following his breakup with Penny, Leonard has slept with Raj's sister Priya , and it is implied this also occurred on another occasion when Priya was visiting Raj (before Leonard met Penny). Leonard's family includes three other accomplished scientists: his mother, Dr. Beverly Hofstadter who is a psychiatrist and neuroscientist, his father Dr. Alfred Hofstadter who is an anthropologist and his sister (name unknown) who is a medical researcher, while his brother Michael Hofstadter is a Harvard law professor. Leonard wears glasses and is lactose intolerant. In the penultimate episode of Season 7, Penny and Leonard became engaged and were married in Las Vegas in the premiere episode of Season 9. Later in season 9 they share living accommodations in both Penny's and Sheldon's apartments. Dr. Sheldon Lee Cooper ( Jim Parsons ) is a theoretical physicist with an I.Q. of 187, possessing a B.S. , a M.S. , a M.A. , a Ph.D. , and a Sc.D. Originally from East Texas, he was a child prodigy, starting college at the age of 11, and receiving his first Ph.D. at age 16. He is usually cold, calculating, selfish, immature, condescending and cynical, but also has a softer, loving and caring side as he does care about his friends and loves his mom, grandma and girlfriend Amy even though he can sometimes insult them with either about their intellect levels or different opinions and is also formerly asexual. Sheldon exhibits a strict adherence to routine, a lack of understanding of irony, sarcasm and humor, and a complete lack of humility; these characteristics are the main sources of his character's humor and the center of a number of episodes. Sheldon's family is very different from him; his father, George Sr. , was a former store worker who died before the start of the series, while his mother, Mary , is a devoted Christian, and his twin sister, Missy , is a hostess at Fuddruckers and his older brother George Jr. is certainly no scientist. Sheldon is consistently the geekiest and quirkiest character in the show. Whenever he tells a joke, or plays a prank, he concludes with the word " Bazinga !" to signal that he just told a joke. Sheldon is friends with and then becomes the boyfriend of Amy Farrah Fowler until they break up in season 9, but reconcile later in the season and finally engage in coitus. Penny Hofstadter (family name is not revealed) ( Kaley Cuoco ), (appeared in all but two episodes in season 4, but credited for the episodes in which she did not appear) is Leonard and Sheldon's neighbor across the hallway. Originally from Omaha, Nebraska, she is a waitress at the local Cheesecake Factory and also an aspiring actress. Penny is very outgoing, kind, and assertive, her personality contrasting with those of the guys. She has dated several men during the course of the series, including former boyfriend Kurt , Stuart (from the comic book store), and Zack . Penny toyed with the possibility of dating Leonard more than once throughout the show. They dated for most of season 3 but broke up; However, they got back together in mid-season 5. She has shown to be influenced by her geek friends, including an obsession with online gaming and making references to Star Trek, to her own surprise. She even remarked after a bad date with Zack that Leonard had ruined stupid guys for her. For the most part she cannot stand Sheldon's nerdy, eccentric personality, but at times they have shown to be a sister to him. Penny learns to love Leonard's good guy personality and eventually gets engaged to him in season 7 and marries him in season 9. Later in season 9 they share living accommodations in both Penny's and Sheldon's apartments. Howard Joel [2] Wolowitz ( Simon Helberg ) is a Jewish engineer at Caltech's Department of Applied Physics who often hangs out at Leonard and Sheldon's apartment. Unlike Sheldon , Leonard , and Raj , Howard lacks a doctorate. He defends this by pointing out that he has a master's degree in Engineering from MIT. Howard fancies himself a ladies' man and provides outrageous pick-up lines whenever a female is present. He still lives with his mother, who is overly oblivious to his accomplishments as an engineer. Howard is allergic to peanuts, and they are a serious threat to his life. As of season six, he has since married Penny's friend, Bernadette Rostenkowski and is soon to be a father. Dr. Rajesh Ramayan [3] [4] "Raj" Koothrappali ( Kunal Nayyar ) is Howard Wolowitz's best friend, and yet another genius of the group; his name is usually shortened to "Raj". He is originally from New Delhi, India, and he works in the Physics department at Caltech , where his area of expertise is particle astrophysics. Raj is extremely shy when it comes to dealing with women; he is unable to speak to them unless he drinks alcohol or is on medication. When Penny is around, Raj usually whispers what he wants to say to Howard or Leonard, who then responds out loud. Despite his pathology, Raj has often ended up in bed with women, leaving the other guys perplexed. Raj communicates with his parents, Dr. V.M. Koothrappali and Mrs. Koothrappali , in India through a webcam. He can finally talk to women without getting drunk in the season 6 finale and becomes the boyfriend of dermatologist and horror enthusiast Dr. Emily Sweeney in season 7. In season 9, Raj breaks up with her when he decides to pursue a cute screenwriter/bartender named Claire whom he met at the comic book store, but she turns him down, although she later calls him back to ask him out. He instead chooses to get back with Emily after she also calls him at the same time because she misses him and Raj now can't decide between Emily and Claire and had been seeing both of them at the same time, until Raj tells Stuart in " The Hot Tub Contamination " that he has broken up with both ladies, at their insistence. He has now started seeing a Caltech cleaning lady, Isabella. Dr. Leslie Winkle ( Sara Gilbert ) (2.02-2.16) is an experimental physicist who works in the same lab as Leonard. Her first appearance was in the third episode of season one. In appearance, she is essentially Leonard's female counterpart, equipped with the black framed glasses and sweat jackets. She also happens to have a lazy eye. She is one of Sheldon's arch-enemies, due to their conflicting scientific theories. Though they both consider each other to be intellectually inferior, Leslie is much wittier than Sheldon, regularly calling him "dumbass" and besting him in their exchanges. Leslie has had casual relationships with Leonard and later Howard, considering it a completely physical reaction to her body's cycles – her voice remains emotionless even during moments of extreme physical intimacy. Leslie's final appearance was in the season 3 finale " The Lunar Excitation ", as the writers said they did not know how to work in the character full-time. After Penny broke up with Leonard, she got intoxicated, had intercourse with him, then pushed him away. Distraught, Leonard asked for intercourse with Leslie. Leslie responded, "Let me think about it," before slamming the door on him. However, she reappeared in the 17th episode of Season 9 where she was a guest at Sheldon's birthday party. Dr. Bernadette Maryann Rostenkowski-Wolowitz ( Melissa Rauch ) (4.04-present) is a microbiologist that used to work at The Cheesecake Factory with Penny to pay for her grad school. Penny set her up with Howard and the two found out that they have the same issue with their overprotective mothers. This similarity brought the two together. They got in a relationship which ended when Bernadette found out that Howard was having cyber sex with Glacinda the troll. Not long after, they decided to rekindle the relationship, and the two got engaged during The Herb Garden Germination. Bernadette has a squeaky voice and when she is angry, she sounds exactly like Mrs. Wolowitz, and Mrs. Wolowitz approves of Bernadette, despite Bernadette being a Catholic. Unlike Howard, she dislikes children as she had a tough time raising her younger siblings, and she agrees to have kids with Howard only if he would stay at home with the kids instead. Bernadette has a father who is a retired police officer and is not very fond of Howard, a mother who drives her crazy and five siblings (Brothers and sisters with one of her brothers named Joey). She and Howard eventually got married on The Countdown Reflection , shortly before Howard left for space. She was worried that they won't move out of his mother's house, but they did, into Bernadette's apartment. However, since the passing of Howard's mother, they have moved back into her house and Bernadette gets pregnant. Dr. Amy Farrah Fowler ( Mayim Bialik ) (4.08-present) is a neurobiologist who was determined to be Sheldon's perfect match by an online dating site that Howard and Raj secretly signed him up on. Amy is very plain, and the way she carries herself makes her the female version of Sheldon. Amy was Sheldon's "friend, who's a girl, but not his girlfriend" until they became official during " The Flaming Spittoon Acquisition ". Amy became the latest member of the gang, and quickly became best friends with Penny and Bernadette, who taught her to be more like a normal girl and do girly stuffs with her. Amy admires Penny a lot and calls her her "Bestie", Not much about Amy's family is known, but her mother has appeared once before through a video chat session with Amy, a great-aunt Flora who is 93 years old and two cousins that died. Amy's family has been described to be very nosy about her romantic life. She is Sheldon's girlfriend from season 5 to season 9 when she gets frustrated with him and they break up. By the tenth episode of the season, Shamy gets back together, are more passionate than ever and have sex in the eleventh episode of the season. She also learns that Sheldon had planned to propose at the time of their break up. Stuart Bloom ( Kevin Sussman ) (6.01-6.13, 8.01-present) runs the comic book store that the guys frequently go to. He is also a nerd, but he has a talent for drawing, is a graduate of Rhode Island School of Design and possesses a few more social skills than they do. During Stuart's first appearance, the guys brought Penny along to the store and he managed to ask her on a date. The date went fine until Stuart was dragged into discussing comic books by Sheldon. [5] On a second date with Penny, Stuart asked for Leonard's advice, but feeling threatened, Leonard ultimately gave him bad advice. The date went fine, but when Penny was getting romantic with Stuart she accidentally called him "Leonard," leaving him devastated. [6] Stuart was the partner of Wil Wheaton in the card game tournament, where they defeated the pair formed by Raj and Sheldon. [7] As Stuart runs a comic book store, he has an almost encyclopedic knowledge of comic books and superheroes. In a recent episode, he implied he was in financial trouble and that the comic book store is now also his home. Stuart was also at one point, attracted to Amy when she treated him nicely and managed to get her to go on dates with him. He became the reason for Sheldon and Amy to become official when a jealous Sheldon finally asked Amy to be his girlfriend after he realized he does not like the idea of Amy going out with other men. Stuart moves in Mrs. Wolowitz's house to care for her after she breaks her leg and his comic book store is gutted in a fire. Then he never seems to leave even after Howard and Bernadette move in, but does so later in the twelfth episode of Season 9. Dr. Emily Sweeney ( Laura Spencer ) (9.04-9.18) is a dermatologist who Raj begins dating after he finds her on a dating site. She has something against Penny because she had fooled around with Raj at the end of Season 4. She is a fan of horror movies. Valentine's Day 2016, Raj breaks up with her when he thinks they'e not right together and because he met a cute screen writer named Claire whom he felt interested in. Later, Emily calls Raj and tells him she misses him and he goes to her apartment and they hook up. At that moment, he was seeing both Emily and Claire, until they both broke up with him at the girls' insistence. Recurring characters These characters appear in two or more than two episodes. The list is sorted by chronological order of appearance, considering their first appearance in the show. Althea ( Vernee Watson ) A character that made an appearance in the Pilot as an attendant at a sperm bank, and then made two appearances as a emergency room nurse in The Peanut Reaction episode (season 1), and The Robotic Manipulation episode (Season 4) and one other appearance as a ward nurse in The Werewolf Transformation episode (Season 5). The name of the character is never used on the show, only on her name tag and in the credits. Kurt ( Brian Patrick Wade ): A tall, muscular intimidating bully, Kurt is Penny's ex-boyfriend at the beginning of the series. In the pilot episode Leonard and Sheldon went to his apartment and tried to retrieve Penny's TV set from him, but they did not succeed and returned home without pants. [8] Penny left him because he cheated on her, but he was still invited to her Halloween party. [1] When Penny experienced financial difficulties, Leonard and the guys tried to convince Kurt to pay Penny back money he owed her; at first Kurt refused, but eventually he paid Penny back to date her again. [9] Dr. Eric Gablehauser ( Mark Harelik ): The head of the Physics Department, Dr. Gablehauser is the guys' boss at the university. In his first appearance, he fired Sheldon after Sheldon insulted his intelligence. Eventually, Sheldon was rehired because Gablehauser became romantically interested in Mary Cooper, Sheldon's mother. Gablehauser referred to Sheldon, Leonard and Rajesh as doctors, but to Howard as "mister" because he lacks a Ph.D (but carries a Masters Degree). [10] Dr. Gablehauser was also responsible for introducing child genius Dennis Kim to the university [11] and for hosting the Physics Bowl. [12] Mary Cooper ( Laurie Metcalf ): Sheldon's loving and caring mother and a devout Christian from Texas. She is a church worker and also has two other children besides Sheldon; Sheldon's fraternal twin sister, Missy and his brother George Jr., who is shown via a family tree in "The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification" to be three or four years older than Sheldon and Missy (depending on birth month and year). She first appeared in the fourth episode of the first season and had also appeared in the season three premiere, the third episode of season four, the sixth episode of season 5, the eighteenth episode of season 7, the pre-ultimate episode of season eight, the season nine premiere and the season nine finale, and was heard in the eleventh episode of season 7. Mary herself is not intellectual but is very wise; she appears to be an extremely good mother and is the only one who has ever been able to control Sheldon, although Bernadette can as well. She twice came to Pasadena when Sheldon had lost it and once when she was taking a cruise out of LA. Sheldon has also run back to Texas where his mother convinced him to return and once to surprise her and Sheldon could her having sex. Leonard described Mary as Sheldon's "Kryptonite". When Penny and Sheldon engaged in a fierce dispute, Penny called for Mary's help, who subsequently called and scolded Sheldon about his actions. [13] Mary meets Beverly Hofstadter and their personalities clash, once in season 8 and once again in season 9. She also meets Leonard's father Alfred Hofstadter in the season 9 finale where Sheldon invites her to Leonard and Penny's re-wedding and the two of them bond over their mutual dislike of Beverly and their interest in each other's beliefs and they get along great during dinner and it is implied that the two hook up, until the next episode (The season 10 premiere: "The Conjugal Conjecture") where it is revealed that they didn't sleep together, but plan on continuing to see each other in the future. Chen ( James Hong ): The owner of a Chinese restaurant the guys frequently visit. Mrs. Debbie Wolowitz (voiced by Carol Ann Susi ): Howard's overbearing, over-protective, controlling, belittling, but loving and caring stereotypical Jewish mother, she is never seen on-screen but her voice is heard when he is at their house or when he talks to her on the phone. She talks to Howard always by yelling at him from another room, which results in awkward conversations with Howard yelling back at her. Mrs. Wolowitz seems to be oblivious about Howard's work as an engineer, and talks to him like he is still a child. She frequently refers to Leonard, Sheldon and Raj as Howard's "little friends" when yelling to him (as in, "I made some cookies, do you and your little friends want some?") She makes Howard's life miserable at home, which prompts him to call her a "crazy old lady." However, in one episode, Howard attempted to move out, but had serious delusions that his mother was trying to force him to stay, when in actuality she was urging him to move out, so he stayed, but despite problems, Howard is deeply attached to his mother and quite happy to be treated like a child. However, in one episode, Howard attempts to move out after a fight with his mother, but has serious delusions that she is trying to force him to stay, when in actuality, she is urging him to move out, which leads to him staying. It is also mentioned that she is on hormone replacement therapy and she wants to "play doctor" with Raj when he asks to sleep over. In the Season 7 finale (The Status Quo Combustion) Stuart called Mrs. Wolowitz "Debbie" so this is her real name. In Season 8, she died, taking a nap and never waking up afterwards. After her death, Howard and Bernadette move back in and Stuart continues,living with them until he moves out in Season 9's " The Sales Call Sublimation ", but moves back in during Season 10. Dr. V.M. Koothrappali ( Brian George ) and Mrs. Koothrappali (Alice Amter): Raj's parents in India, they communicate with their son via video chat and constantly try to arrange dates for him. They want their son to marry a woman of Indian descent, and give them grandchildren. [14] Mrs. Koothrappali is especially worried that, despite Raj being old enough to marry, the closest they have to a daughter-in-law is "that Jewish boy", Howard. [15] Although in many episodes Raj mentions that he grew up in poverty, his friends remind him of the contrary by pointing out that Dr. Koothrappali is a gynecologist and drives a Bentley. [16] The Koothrappalis enjoy Doogie Howser reruns, which are apparently new to India. [14] [16] In season 8, they were divorced. Raj's father is currently the only parent to visit Pasadena. In season 10, Raj called him to give advice to a pregnant Bernadette. Missy Cooper ( Courtney Henggeler ): Missy is Sheldon's fraternal twin sister who is intellectually and socially very much unlike him. Confident, tall and attractive, she immediately catches the attention of Leonard, Howard, and Raj. Sheldon realizes that within Missy's eggs lies the potential for another "superior mutation" like him. He temporarily erects himself as a guardian to Missy in order to choose the best mate for her. Missy refers to Sheldon as "Shelly", and despite their differences she loves him and is proud of his accomplishments. [17] In "The Cooper Extraction", she gives birth to a baby boy with Sheldon helping while her husband is recovering from a motorcycle accident. She is only heard screaming once. Dr. Stephanie Barnett ( Sara Rue ): A doctor and highly distinguished surgical resident at Fremont Memorial, Stephanie is first seen as Howard's date, but later becomes Leonard's girlfriend. When Howard's plan to let her drive the Mars rover failed, she left with Leonard and the two immediately became attracted to each other. [18] Sheldon began meddling in Stephanie and Leonard's new relationship in an effort to consolidate it, since in his eyes, Stephanie was the only "tolerable" mate Leonard had had. [19] After several weeks of dating, Stephanie officially began living with Leonard in his and Sheldon's apartment. However, after much hesitance, Leonard told her to move out because he was uncomfortable with the pace of the relationship. Although they weren't seen breaking up on camera, evidence suggests their relationship ended. [20] Series co-creator Bill Prady confirmed this in an interview, stating: "Stephanie was a chance for Leonard to learn that just because someone loves you, doesn't mean you'll love them back". [21] Stephanie did her medical internship at Lawrence Memorial in Galveston, Texas, which is where Sheldon was born. [19] Barry Kripke ( John Ross Bowie ): An unlikable co-worker of Leonard and Sheldon's, who works in plasma physics, Kripke has a case of rhotacism where he pronounces the letters "R" as "W" in much the same way as Elmer Fudd from Looney Tunes. In his first appearance, he pitted his robot, the Kripke Krippler (or, as he called it, the "Kwipke Kwippwer"), against the guys' robot, M.O.N.T.E., in an unofficial robot fight. [22] On another episode, Sheldon attempted to befriend Kripke in order to gain access to an open science grid computer to carry out research, but it turned out to be futile, as Kripke had no control of the computer as Sheldon had thought. [23] Kripke continued his antagonism towards Sheldon, when he pulled a prank on Sheldon when the latter was a guest on NPR's Science Friday. [24] Sheldon tried to befriend Kripke another time when he was feeling left out from his friends, but Barry connected more with the others in Sheldon's new proposed group. [25] In season 9, Barry began teaching the guys how to fence, calls Sheldon and Amy's live show Fun with Flags along with Raj and directs the conversation to irrelevant questions to the show. He also uses the show to call out for potential romantic relationships and asked Amy questions about her love life when Sheldon and she broke up. He attends Sheldon's birthday party and constantly hits on Leonard's mother, Beverly. Dr. Beverly Hofstadter ( Christine Baranski ): Leonard's narcissistic, unloving and overly analytical mother. Beverly is a neuroscientist as well as a psychiatrist. The only reason she had children was to use them as personal experiments for her research, and thus was very distant and unmotherly and also a bad wife to Leonard's father. Between her neurotically strict speech patterns, lack of social conventions, and attention to detail, she is Sheldon's female equivalent. The two of them share an odd non-romantic attraction to each other, which culminates in her kissing him after becoming drunk. Though still married to Leonard's father, she revealed in her second appearance that the two were getting a divorce. She had frequently implied that the two haven't had "coitus" since Leonard was conceived. She diagnosed Raj with selective mutism and considered Raj and Howard's relationship to be an "ersatz homosexual marriage". Beverly mentioned that Leonard's brother and sister are more successful in their respective fields than he is. Ironically, as displayed in " The Maternal Congruence " episode, Sheldon is closer to Beverly than her own son is. In season 8, she visited to see Leonard get an award and got into a disagreement with Mary Cooper over her religious beliefs who in return berated Beverly for her cold and distant attitude towards Leonard. [26] In season 9, she attended Sheldon's birthday party and enjoyed getting hit on by Barry Kripke. Later, she reveals that she's insulted about not being invited to her son's wedding and then Penny suggests a re-wedding which Beverly accepts and during the pre-wedding dinner, ends up fighting with her ex-husband and once again with Mary Cooper. During the wedding ceremony, she agrees with her ex-husband that Leonard was something wonderful to come out of their relationship. In both 2009 and 2010, Christine Baranski was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for this role. Wil Wheaton (portraying an antagonistic version of himself): In the season 3 episode " The Creepy Candy Coating Corollary ", Sheldon enters a card game tournament ( Mystic Warlords of Ka'a ) to confront Wil Wheaton over an incident that occurred in 1995 when Sheldon was devastated because Wheaton (Wesley Crusher in Star Trek: The Next Generation) failed to show up at a fan convention that Sheldon attended. In the final match, Sheldon is about to defeat his hated rival, but Wheaton lies to him about the reason for missing the convention, and Sheldon throws the game out of guilt. Wil Wheaton makes a second appearance in the episode " The Wheaton Recurrence ", where he breaks up Leonard and Penny's relationship in order to win a bowling competition against the main characters. In " The 21-Second Excitation ", Wheaton appears at a screening of Raiders of the Lost Ark, in which he uses his celebrity status to go to the front of a long line. This antagonizes Sheldon, as Wheaton and his entourage effectively prevent Sheldon and the guys from attending the screening when the last seat in the theater goes to the person directly in front of them in line. Ultimately, Sheldon steals the prints of the film and Wheaton leads a mob of angry Raiders fans after Sheldon, Howard, Raj and Leonard. In later seasons, Wil apparently has a change of heart in his attitude towards Sheldon when he brings him [Sheldon] his [Wil's] last remaining action figure of himself, mint and signed, to make up for the convention years ago where he was a no-show. Afterwards, Sheldon and Wil become friends, Wil appearing on Sheldon's Fun With Flags web-show and consoling Sheldon over his blunder with a putative new chemical element. Sheldon also has a spat with Wil when the latter has a disagreement with Amy and Sheldon fails to take Amy's side (for want of understanding why he should). A drunk Sheldon then shows up at Wil's house at night to challenge Wil to fisticuffs, but ends up puking in Wil's bushes. Wil seems to not take the whole thing personally. In later seasons, Wil makes a movie (Serial Apeist 2) with Penny, interviews her on his podcast about the movie, interviews Sheldon for a documentary on Mr. Spock with his son Adam Nimoy and attends Sheldon's birthday party. President Siebert ( Joshua Malina ): The president of the California Institute of Technology ; he is married and has a teenage daughter. Siebert sends Sheldon on an expedition to the North Pole at the end of Season 2. In Season 4, he organizes a get-together with wealthy donors and faculty in order to garner funds for the university's programs. He urges the guys to make an appearance to schmooze the donors so that they will give to their projects. Seeing Sheldon's behavior toward the donors, he asks that he not appear again. Zack Johnson ( Brian Thomas Smith ): A dim-witted, but friendly beefcake-type whom Penny dates after her break-up from Leonard. Leonard invites Penny and him up on the roof to watch their experiment bouncing laser beams off the moon. Zack has no clue what is happening. Later, he and Penny go out on a date; she is so put off at how stupid he is that she runs back to Leonard to have sex, saying that Leonard has ruined stupid guys for her. In a later episode, he runs into Penny and Amy at a restaurant, and Amy becomes physically attracted to him. Unique among Penny's boyfriends, he considers Leonard, Howard, Sheldon and Raj (whom he calls "the science guys") to be "cool" and makes a genuine effort to get to know them. After accompanying them on a trip to the comic book store (he and Raj bond over a mutual fondness for Archie comics), he enters a New Year's Eve costume party with them, portraying Superman in their version of the Justice League. He apparently considers them his friends. He works as the menu designer for restaurants either owned or who employ his father's company to design their menus. More recently, he seems to have befriended Kripke and Stuart as well. Penny and Zack got married in a chapel in Vegas one Thanksgiving and thought the weddings were fake, but they later annulled the marriage in "The Thanksgiving Decoupling" three years later and Zack showed up in Leonard's story on what would've happened to Penny if she and Leonard never met. Priya Koothrappali ( Aarti Mann ): Raj's sister. In " The Irish Pub Formulation ," it is implied that she and Leonard hooked up sometime earlier when she was in town and that Leonard had been much more invested in the relationship than she. Leonard appears to have strong feelings for her, even offering to relocate to Delhi to be with her. He tries to keep their relationship a secret from the guys, but Sheldon discovers Priya in their apartment. Leonard eventually reveals to the rest of the guys that he had spent the night with Priya, as he is unable to bear the burden of keeping the secret. Priya returns to Los Angeles for business in " The Cohabitation Formulation ," and she and Leonard decide to try and have a real relationship, over the protests of Raj. Priya soon becomes jealous of Penny, and asks Leonard to stop spending time with her. Priya contests Sheldon's roommate agreement with Leonard, employing her Cambridge legal background to deny Sheldon power over Leonard, but Sheldon drafts a new agreement and blackmails Leonard and Priya into Leonard signing it. Priya then moves back to India, but her relationship with Leonard continues via physical distance and breakfast/dinner dates via Skype. Leonard later tells Priya of having had a one-time kiss with a girl called Alice and when Priya forgives him, she admits to Leonard that she cheated on him by sleeping with her ex-boyfriend a couple of weeks ago, and as a result, their relationship ends. Wyatt ( Keith Carradine ): Penny's father. He comes to visit and Penny feels compelled to involve Leonard in a ruse to make him think that they are still together. (Wyatt reveals that he favors the successful Leonard over Penny's other "loser" boyfriends.) When the plot is revealed, he gets mad at Penny and feigns anger at Leonard. But after Penny leaves the room, he encourages Leonard to keep trying to get Penny back (Because he wants his grandchildren to "grow up in a house without wheels"). Strangely though, in the first episode where Leonard's mother visits, Penny tearfully reveals her rough childhood, saying that Wyatt wanted a boy and even called her "slugger" until she reached puberty. Wyatt appears again in season 9, when Penny finally plucks up the courage to tell her father she eloped with Leonard. Wyatt is happy, but he also confesses that he killed Penny's pet pig a year ago. In the season 10 premiere, "The Conjugal Conjecture", he comes to Pasadena with his wife and son to attend Leonard and Penny's re-wedding and during the ceremony he walks Penny down the aisle, welcomes Leonard to their family and advises him not to lend Penny's brother any money. LeVar Burton (Himself): In the season 4 episode, " The Toast Derivation ", Sheldon invited Burton to a party via a tweet, but doesn't make it quick enough. But Sheldon leaves after he feels his guests were having fun the wrong way and misses LeVar's presence when he arrives at the apartment moments later. Upon opening the door and seeing the other guests at the party (Zack, Kripke, and Stuart {who at that moment was wearing nothing but a towel}) singing karaoke, Burton leaves in disgust, swearing he'll never follow Twitter again. In " The Habitation Configuration " (S06E07), LeVar was the guest star for Sheldon and Amy's "Fun with Flags" episode about Star Trek flags. Sheldon commented that it surprisingly only took gas, free food and money to get him there. After Amy objected to his acting as episode director, stating he is worse than Wil Wheaton, Sheldon explained that he had to take his girlfriend's side. LeVar told him that he totally understood and questioned if he still got lunch. Then, a timid Sheldon nodded, so LeVar seemed happy, while Amy shook her head in frustration. In " The Champagne Reflection ", LeVar was again the guest star for Sheldon on a "Sheldon Cooper presents Fun with Flags" episode because Sheldon was willing to delete Levar's contact information from his computer which Levar would witness. On the show, Sheldon lets him view a clip of his George Washington Carver impersonation (for Black History month) that Leonard thought was "wildly racist". Levar is also shocked though Sheldon thinks that he is agreeing with his criticism of Leonard. After Sheldon restarts the "Fun with Flags" series, he goes to Levar's house and asks him to guest star on an episode about German flags since he was born in Germany to American parents. He asks Levar to dress up like a swastika and gets the door slammed in his face. Levar also says that he should have listened to Will Wheaton and gotten a gate. Dale ( Josh Brener ):A guy who works as a replacement for Stuart at the comic-book store when he goes on a date with Amy in " The Flaming Spittoon Acquisition ", and also appears in " The Tangible Affection Proof " at Stuart's Valentine's Day party. Mike Rostenkowski ( Casey Sander ): Bernadette's father and a tough, retired police officer. Mike has a rough and rude personality and often bullies others, although he deeply loves his daughter, calling Bernadette his "little girl". Before he is first seen, Bernadette establishes his personality by telling Howard a long list of subjects he cannot discuss with Mike, including Jimmy Carter, foreigners, homosexuals, and even Howard's Jewish identity. In his first appearance, he tells Howard that, while he does not think highly of him, his respect for Howard grew when he learned he had been selected to become an astronaut. However, after Howard expresses his fears about not returning from space, Mike believes Bernadette will have no trouble finding another suitable bachelor if Howard dies in space, much to the future astronaut's dismay. In the season 5 finale, Mike attends Howard and Bernadette's wedding and walks his daughter down the aisle. In season 6, Howard and Mike are pushed into a fishing weekend by their spouses, but neither of them really wants to go. Mike suggests that they go to a casino to shoot craps. Having earned more of Mike's respect, Howard is now able to address him as "Mike" rather than "Sir". In season 7, he comes to Howard's mother's house for Thanksgiving dinner where he watches football. Since Sheldon understands football from growing up with his father, Mike and Sheldon bond and drink heavily together. After insulting Howard with Sheldon and getting yelled at by Bernadette, Mike later tells Howard that he isn't "all that bad" but implies that this statement is untrue when he comments on his drunken state. In "The Table Polarization", Mike, Bernadette, Raj, and Mike Massimino (via Skype) perform an intervention on Howard's decision to go back to space. Mike mentions that Howard asked him to shoot him in the foot to avoid the first space mission, which Howard insists was a joke. In season 9, he comes to help redecorate Howard and Bernadette's house and wonders why Howard doesn't want kids, but Howard tells him that it's Bernadette who doesn't want kids and later, it is revealed that his wife did everything of raising the kids while all he did was come home from work, sit on the couch and drink beer. Mrs. Rostenkowski ( Meagen Fay ): Bernadette's mother who first appears in " The Countdown Reflection " in a cameo from above her daughter's wedding with her face unseen and then she appears again, this time physically and with her face shown in " The Fish Guts Displacement " where she and her husband have dinner with Howard and Bernadette. She is a bit scatterbrained, but is able to get her husband to do things and usually makes Bernadette crazy like Howard's mother does to him. The fact that they both have overbearing mothers is how Howard and Bernadette bonded on their first date and got together. Alex Jensen ( Margo Harshman ): An attractive Caltech graduate student who appears in season six. She is hired by Sheldon to review his kindergarten and elementary school notebooks for any possible Nobel Prize winning research and attend to the tasks that Sheldon perceives a waste of his own valuable time. Amy is at first jealous until she sees Alex instead flirting with an unresponsive Leonard. After repeated flirts by Alex, Leonard finally realizes that Alex is making advances toward him. While proclaiming his loyalty to Penny, Leonard is flattered. Sheldon interferes (with the perceived intention of mitigating a situation that needed none) by lecturing Alex, but only succeeds in insulting her. After Alex files a sexual harassment complaint, Sheldon is forced to apologize and is ordered take a university-mandated online sexual harassment course. Because Sheldon considers his own time is too valuable to waste on it, Sheldon asks Alex to take the course instead. Alex later scores some points with Sheldon in "The Tangible Affection Proof" after he sends her out to buy Amy a Valentine's Day gift, and Sheldon likes it so much that he keeps it for himself. Janine Davis ( Regina King ): A human resources representative working at the university. In season 6, after Sheldon offends his assistant Alex whilst trying to solve a problem regarding her crush on Leonard, Mrs. Davis is left to handle a sexual harassment complaint against Sheldon by Alex. Sheldon tells Mrs. Davis she is a "slave" to her "sexual urges" and in his attempt at defense, rats out "worse behavior" by Raj, Howard, and Leonard, prompting Mrs. Davis to summon them to her office as well. Mrs. Davis later serves on the tenure committee that is considering Raj, Sheldon, Leonard and Kripke for a vacant tenured position, causing each of them to try to "butter up" Mrs. Davis. Sheldon, in an attempt to win her over, yet again offends her by giving her the boxset for the TV series "Roots", and when she asks Sheldon why he thought this would be an appropriate gift Sheldon asks "you are black, right?". Despite this, Sheldon is still short-listed for Tenure, however he offends Mrs. Davis yet again by giving her what he considers a traditional "black" handshake. In season 7, Mrs. Davis is revealed to be recently divorced after her husband cheats on her, and Raj attempts to strike up a conversation with her at a university mixer. After offending her, Raj apologizes and the two talk about their troubles. While Raj is insistent that the two of them had a "moment", Howard disagrees. Lucy ( Kate Micucci ): A woman who shows up at a party at the comic book store on Valentine's Day for people who had no dates. She has social anxiety issues, which allows her and Raj to connect. On their first date, she becomes so nervous that she goes to the bathroom and climbs out of the window to get away. Raj falls apart and refuses to leave his apartment; however after apologizing to him, Lucy and Raj start afresh. Raj and Lucy have a date at a library and communicate via text messages and, at the end, she offers to kiss him, but chickens out at the last second. In "The Bon Voyage Reaction", Raj tries to introduce Lucy to the rest of the gang. Lucy becomes nervous at the thought of meeting so many new people that Raj suggests she meet just one of his friends first, to which she agrees. Lucy meets Amy, however Raj pressures Lucy and upsets her. Lucy breaks up with Raj via an email, and afterwards a heartbroken Raj finally speaks to Penny without having consumed alcohol. In season 7, Penny meets Lucy at The Cheesecake Factory and confronts her about her breakup with Raj, and later Lucy arranges to meet with Raj to apologize to him for breaking up with him via email. This leads Raj to believe the two of them will get back together, however Lucy tells him she is with someone else. Lucy is later mentioned in "The Indecision Amalgamation". Raj gets a message from her about getting back together; however after finding out that he is also dating Emily, Lucy rebuffs Raj. Bert Kibbler ( Brian Posehn ): A socially awkward geologist who first appears in " The Contractual Obligation Implementation ", when he meets Raj and Lucy in the library during their date. Later in " The Occupation Recalibration ", he is found having a crush on Amy and tries to ask her out on a date to a geology rock show. In " The Dependence Transcendence ", Bert hosts a Caltech party that only Amy and Penny attend. He feels that Amy is the coolest girl at work and that Sheldon is cool only because he is dating Amy. As the girls are leaving, he tells them that he is in love with both of them. He reappeared in " The Fetal Kick Catalyst " as a guest at Shamy's brunch in their apartment. He mentions that a girlfriend he was living with once moved out and took all his best rocks. He reappeared in " The Geology Elevation " after winning a $500,000 MacArthur Fellowship grant from Caltech that makes Sheldon jealous. He admits that he has a thing for Amy, but once he won his grant he thinks that he could do better. He also thinks about nominating Howard for another one which even more irritates Sheldon. He and Sheldon later make up and they go together to the Ellen Degeneres show. Arthur Jeffries, aka Professor Proton ( Bob Newhart ): The star of a science show that Sheldon and Leonard watched as children. After the show was cancelled, Jeffries was not taken seriously as a scientist and resorted to doing children's parties as his persona. In "The Proton Resurgence", Sheldon hires him to do a private party for Leonard and himself (and Penny). Later Jeffries ends up having a heart attack as a result of climbing the apartment stairs with his equipment. He asks Sheldon to take his place at a party for a Korean family, which Sheldon agrees to do as Professor Proton, Jr. While Sheldon idolizes him, Jeffries is constantly irritated by Sheldon's personality, and takes a shine to Penny. In "The Proton Displacement", Leonard, Sheldon and Amy bump into Jeffries at the drugstore, and Sheldon becomes upset when Jeffries asks Leonard for help on a paper instead of him, and when he finds out that Jeffries thinks he is annoying, Sheldon works with Bill Nye the Science Guy (he laters abandons Sheldon and gets a restraining order against him), whom Jeffries accuses of stealing material from his TV show. After a chat with Leonard, Jeffries later asks Sheldon for his advice on his paper (although Sheldon already hacked his email account and read it for himself). In "The Proton Transmogrification" on Star Wars Day, Leonard tells Sheldon that Arthur has died. Sheldon immediately pretends like he doesn't care and refuses to go to the funeral. Arthur appears to Sheldon in a dream, where Sheldon compares him to Obi-Wan Kenobi, dressing him in Jedi robes and making him appear as a Force ghost. When Sheldon asks for his wisdom, Arthur tells Sheldon to appreciate everything in life, including his friends, and never take it for granted. In " The Opening Night Excitation ", he returned and advised Sheldon to see the new Star Wars movie another time (even though it is the premiere) and be with Amy on her birthday. Dan (Stephen Root): Bernadette's and later Penny's boss at Zangen. Bernadette arranges an interview for Penny with Dan. The interview goes terribly, but Dan eventually hires Penny when they bond over their shared fear of Bernadette. In " The Champagne Reflection ", Penny has Bernadette face up to her bullying ways. Dan is still afraid of her and she yelled at him and his grandson after they lost the three-legged race at the company picnic. His grandson called her the mean kid with the big boobies. Bernadette is horrified when she realizes how everyone perceives her. Her father had taught her to not take any crap, and she can be even cruel with some of her comments without even knowing it. She thought she was the sweetest person she knew and should be in a tree baking cookies like a Keibler elf. She goes to apologize to Dan and finds out that due to his fear of her, they were paying for her daily coffee even after the company stopped doing that and gave her a private toilet on her floor that was meant for everyone. She now feels like she has to leave the company and starts crying. Dan wants her to stop and promises to keep paying for her coffee and then ups it to getting her an espresso machine. Bernadette has found a new way to get what she wants. David "Dave" Gibbs ( Stephen Merchant ): A tall British man who dates Amy after she breaks up with Sheldon. Dave is recently divorced because his wife cheated on him and left him for a French chef. When her friends try to find Amy a date on a dating Mobile app, they see a text message from Dave, and Amy reveals they have already gone out together for coffee. Sheldon is about to propose to Amy for closure when he sees Amy and Dave share a kiss after their date. When Amy and Dave later go out again for dinner (while Penny, Bernadette, and a reluctant Leonard spy on them), he shows an unusual fascination with Sheldon, which discomforts Amy. He considers Sheldon and Leonard to be physics superstars and idolizes them. He later gets an opportunity to meet Leonard and shake his hand after Leonard has to relieve himself whilst spying on their date, and with great excitement, Dave announces that he will never again wash his hand. After Sheldon rejects Amy's proposal that they be a couple again, Amy once again tries dinner with Dave, who goes out of his way to refrain from mentioning Sheldon, knowing how uncomfortable that subject made her previously. Sheldon then suddenly arrives and professes his love to Amy, and the two mend their relationship, leaving Dave to awkwardly excuse himself and invite Sheldon to meet again on his way out. Claire ( Alessandra Torresani ): a bartender and writer for a children's science fiction series who Raj and Howard meet in the comic book store. Claire wants to collaborate with Raj on the science portions of a movie script. She is only interested in his help while Raj has visions of marriage and children. After Raj breaks up with Emily, he calls Claire on Valentine's Day; however, she just got back together with her boyfriend. She also calls Raj an 'ass' for breaking up with Emily just before Valentine's Day, although later she asks Raj out for a drink when she again breaks up with her boyfriend. He is then forced to choose between Emily and her and he picks Emily, but it's later revealed that he is now seeing both of them at the same time. She reappears in "The Fermentation Bifurcation", where she goes to a wine tasting with Raj and some of the gang. Claire doesn't seem happy about the fact that Raj is seeing two women at once and at the wine tasting, she almost gets hit on by Penny's ex-boyfriend Zack whom Raj stops when he tells him that Claire is with him. Dr. Alfred Hofstadter ( Judd Hirsch ): Leonard's father who is mentioned several times in the series before first appearing in the Season 9 finale " The Convergence-Convergence " where he is invited to Leonard and Penny's re-wedding. He is an anthropologist who once worked with famed British archaeologist Louis Leakey. During his visit for Leonard and Penny's re-wedding, he meets Mary Cooper and the two get along great, bonding over their mutual dislike of Beverly and their interests in each other's beliefs and the two end up fighting with her at the restaurant during the pre-ceremony dinner and the two leave together and after finding out they are staying at the same hotel, they decide to share a cab and it is implied that the two hook up, until the next episode (The season 10 premiere: "The Conjugal Conjecture") where it is revealed that they didn't sleep together, but plan on continuing to see each other in the future. Captain Williams ( Dean Norris ): An Air Force Officer and Engineer who becomes interested in the guys' invention. Minor characters These characters appear in just one episode or in one episode for now until they make more appearances. The list is sorted by chronological order of appearance, considering their first appearance in the show. Christy Vanderbel ( Brooke D'Orsay ): A friend of Penny from Nebraska, Christy suddenly decided to move in with Penny. Being promiscuous, Christy ends up sleeping with Howard, who in turn invites her to move in with him (and his mother). Mrs. Wolowitz and Christy end up having a fight, and the latter leaves. [27] Lalita Gupta (Sarayu Rao): A childhood acquaintance of Raj, she is now a dental student at USC. Raj's parents set up a date for their son with her. During the date, Raj can only speak to her after drinking an alcoholic beverage (a "grasshopper"). Sheldon insists she bears a remarkable resemblance to Princess Panchali, an Indian princess in a children's story. Eventually, Lalita leaves the obnoxious and drunk Raj to have dinner with Sheldon. [14] Toby Loobenfeld (DJ Qualls): A research assistant with a double major in Physics and Theater, Toby was used by Sheldon to play his fictional first cousin "Leopold Houston" from Denton, Texas, a character Sheldon invents as part of an elaborate lie told to avoid going to see Penny sing. Cousin "Leo" is a recovering drug addict who ends up cuddling with Penny on the couch, much to the chagrin of Leonard. [28] Dennis Kim (Austin Lee): Dennis is a 15 year old child prodigy from North Korea whom Dr. Gablehauser hopes to recruit into their Ph.D. program. Dennis and Sheldon have an antagonistic relationship when the former excels Sheldon in every way. The guys make arrangements so Dennis can meet girls of his age and get distracted from his own research. The plan succeeds and Dennis is seen kissing with a girl, no longer an intellectual threat to Sheldon. [11] Dimitri ( Adam Gregor ): A Russian man who is the third floor janitor of the University's Physics Department and a former physicist in the former Soviet Union. He appears in " The Bat Jar Conjecture " where Sheldon recruits him, as well as the lady from the lunchroom and her son or butcher as part of his Physics Bowl team 'AA (Army Ants)'. Dimitri answers correctly the equation on the screen that Dr. Gablehauser switches on, but Sheldon retracts and Dr. Gablehauser states that what Dimitri said was indeed the correct answer and because of Sheldon's retracting, this causes Leonard, Howard, Raj and Leslie's team PMS (Perpetual Motion Squad) to win the contest. Mike (Andrew Walker): an ex-boyfriend of Penny's who first appears in "The Nerdvana Annihilation" where he is shown to be dating Penny. In "The Tangerine Factor", Penny breaks up with him after he posted several "details about their sex life" in his blog. She attempted to reconcile with him after Leonard unintentionally convinced her to do so, only to walk in on him having sex with another woman. After these events, Leonard took his chance and asked Penny out on a date. Blain (Tyler Olson) and Tom (Mark Hames): A couple of guys Sheldon tries to fix up with Penny in order to help break her video game addiction. In his clumsiness, Sheldon gives Blain the incorrect impression that he is inviting him on a date (with sex) rather than fixing him up on a date with a woman (Penny). Tom is a person whom Sheldon finds in an online dating service who was matched to Penny because he likes the woman to be the sexual seducer. Octavia (Octavia Spencer): a clerk working at the California Department of Motor Vehicles who hands Sheldon a drivers permit after he refuses to take the test, but instead points out inaccuracies in the test. The name of the character is not used on the show, only in the credits. Maria ( Elena Campbell-Martinez ) and Lourdes (Livia Treviño) a couple of janitors working the night shift at Cal Tech, who discover that Sheldon is living there. Sheldon instructs them not to tell anybody about it. The name of the characters is not used on the show, only in the credits. Ramona Nowitzki ( Riki Lindhome ) and Kathy O'Brian (Emily Happe): A couple of female graduate students, who become Sheldon's groupies and Sheldon exploits to get free food. Ramona is the first groupie who meets Sheldon after he introduced his work to incoming graduate students. She arranges to have dinner with him in his apartment. The next few days she becomes a permanent presence in his life, pressuring him to concentrate on his research and avoid distractions. Sheldon gets tired of her but is unable to dissolve their "relationship". Eventually, Sheldon reaches a breakthrough in his work, and kicks Ramona out when he refuses to share credit with her for the discovery. Kathy comes into Sheldon's life after he kicked Ramona out. [29] Dr. David Underhill ( Michael Trucco ): A MacArthur Genius Grant recipient, David is an experimental physicist like Leonard, who is excited to be working with him. With his leather jacket and handsome looks, Penny is shocked to know that David is a scientist and starts dating him. They break up when she finds out he is married. [30] Alicia ( Valerie Azlynn ): A woman who moves into an apartment above Leonard and Sheldon. Penny displays a fit of jealousy at this turn of events, thinking that Alicia is supplanting her in the boys' attention. Alicia is an actress, although more successful than Penny, having landed a role on CSI as a (dead) prostitute. Eventually, to Howard's delight, she and Penny get into a catfight. [31] Mikayla ( Jodi Lyn O'Keefe ): a prostitute in " The Vegas Renormalization " episode whom Leonard and Raj pay to have sex with Howard. " Captain Sweatpants " ( Ian Scott Rudolph ) and " Lonely Larry " ( Owen Thayer ): Two nerds that are sometimes seen at the guys' favorite comic book store. [7] [5] Captain Sweatpants is a middle-aged bald man who wears grey sweatpants and a City of Heroes T-shirt. Lonely Larry wears a brown suit and is extremely thin. They are also friends with Wil Wheaton. Dr. Crawley (Lewis Black): An entomologist at the University, Dr. Crawley is visited by Sheldon, Howard, and Raj in order to identify the species of a cricket they found. He is agitated at losing his position at the university, his lab, and, as a result of an extended research trip, his wife. [32] Bethany (Molly Morgan), Sarah (Sarah Buehler), and Skeeter (Andy Mackenzie): Characters who appear in The Gothowitz Deviation episode. Bethany and Sarah are a couple of girls that Wolowitz and Raj meet in a Goth club. They then go to a tattoo parlor, where Skeeter is the tattoo artist. The name "Skeeter" is not used on the show, but appears in the credits. Professor Laughlin (Oliver Muirhead): Professor Laughlin is a British professor who leads Cal Tech's Stellar Evolution Research Team, which Raj attempts to join in an effort to avoid being deported back to India. Unfortunately, he doesn't get the job, because an attractive female member of the team turns up at his interview, and when he attempts to cure his selective mutism by drinking some sherry he was offered, he has too much and makes an overtly sexual comment. Dr. Catherine Millstone ( Elizabeth Bogush ): Member of Professor Laughlin's Stellar Evolution Research Team whose appearance causes Raj to drink a little too much in order to talk to her. He ends up offending both of them, thus ruining his chances of joining the team. Abby ( Danica McKellar ) and Martha (Jen Drohan): With Leonard and Howard busy on a double date with Penny and Bernadette, Raj and Sheldon attend a university mixer where they meet Abby and Martha. Abby takes a liking to Raj, while Martha tries to connect with Sheldon. While Raj and Abby end up kissing, Sheldon completely ignores Martha, who even tries to go to bed with him. [4] Officer Hackett (Julio Oscar Mechoso), a police officer who comes to investigate the burglary in Sheldon and Leonard's apartment in The Bozeman Reaction episode. His name is not mentioned in the episode itself, but does appear in the credits. Sandy (Yeardley Smith): A bureaucrat who interviewed Sheldon for a menial job in The Einstein Approximation episode. [33] The name "Sandy" was not used on the show, but appeared in the credits. Glen ( Kevin Brief ): A mall security guard stationed outside a ball pit in The Einstein Approximation episode. [33] The name "Glen" was not used on the show, but appeared in the credits. Venkatesh Koothrappali (Frank Maharajh): Raj's cousin, a lawyer in India, who tries to negotiate a deal for Raj's part of the One Ring prop from Lord of the Rings. He, by his own admission, is a bad negotiator, and doesn't get Raj even one of the two JetSkis that Raj wanted. Dr. Elizabeth Plimpton ( Judy Greer ): A renowned cosmological physicist from Princeton University known for her work in quantum cosmology who comes as a personal guest of Sheldon in The Plimpton Stimulation episode, and winds up having sex with Leonard and Raj, and expresses a desire for a foursome with Leonard, Raj, and Wolowitz. Sebastian ( Steven Yeun ) Sheldon's former roommate who left Sheldon on bad terms. Sebastian makes a single appearance in The Staircase Implementation , where he tells Leonard to "run fast, run far" from Sheldon. His name is not used in the episode, but is listed in the credits. Louie/Louise (Ajgie Kirkland): A former occupant of the apartment in which Penny lives. He is a cross transvestite whom Leonard mistakenly runs into in The Staircase Implementation episode. The name Louie is used by Sheldon, referring to him/her as Louie/Louise. Joyce Kim ( Ally Maki ): A previously unseen character who appears in The Staircase Implementation , Joyce Kim used to be mentioned as a former girlfriend of Leonard whose relationship with her only lasted a month, after which she defected back to North Korea. [19] However, in The Staircase Implementation, Leonard admits that she wasn't a girlfriend, but a North Korean spy who attempted to get secrets from him by seducing him. Mrs. Gunderson (Lauri Johnson): Third floor neighbor of Leonard and Sheldon who hears Leonard and Penny having sex and feels compelled to comment on it. Joy (Charlotte Newhouse): An exercise-freak woman whom Leonard meets on a blind date set up by Bernadette via the " Girlfriend Pact " with Howard. Although Leonard finds Joy's personality to be repulsive, he agrees to go out with her again based on hints she gives that it will be easy to have sex with her. Mrs. Fowler (Annie O'Donnell): Amy's strict and controlling mother. She appeared in a webcam conversation with Amy and Sheldon in which they lie to her about the nature of their relationship, telling her that they are in a romantic relationship. As a parent, she made a deal with her daughter that she date at least once a year. She has also forbidden Amy having friends and fun and even letting her pierce her ears which is why Amy was lonely and only her mother signed her high school yearbook, writing "Dear Amy, A hymen and self-respect are better than friends and fun. Love Mom.". Special Agent Angela Page (Eliza Dushku): an FBI agent investigating Howard Wolowitz's background for a security clearance in The Apology Insufficiency episode. While interviewing the guys, Raj vomits on her shoes, Leonard hits on her, and Sheldon reveals too much information about Howard, and to add insult to injury reveals too much information about Leonard. Joey (Eric Andre): Theater employee who appears in " The 21-Second Excitation " when he tells Leonard, Sheldon, Howard and Raj that the theater is full up and all seats are taken. He is also a big fan of Wil Wheaton and lets him and his friends right in when they arrive instead of leaving them in the queue. Professor Glenn (Rick Fox): A former professor of Bernadette's, whom she reveals to Howard that she dated for a year. Tall, dark and handsome, Glenn is physically the polar opposite of Howard, leading the insecure Howard to feel like he'll never measure up (literally AND metaphorically). Mrs. Latham ( Jessica Walter ): A wealthy widowed benefactor who takes a shine to Leonard at a donor/faculty get-together. She asks him out with the implication that he have sex with her in order to get the lab equipment his department needs. He at first resists, but after she says that she is going to fund his project anyway, he relents. Everyone at the University congratulates him for selling himself out for the money. Todd Zarnecki (Christopher Douglas Reed): Appears in " The Zarnecki Incursion " episode as a hacker who "steals" Sheldon's possessions in the World of Warcraft online game. Being physically much larger than the four main characters, they back down from confronting him, but Penny sets Todd straight with a swift kick to the groin. Ho-Jun (Arnold Chun) and his dispatcher (Tom Yi): Appear in " The Agreement Dissection ". Ho-Jun is a taxi driver who takes Bernadette, Penny, Amy, and Sheldon to a dance club. Communicating in Korean, Ho-Jun ask his dispatcher (who is not seen but only heard) for a place to dance waltz. Since the dispatcher does not know what is waltz, Ho-Jun has to sing it to him (after Sheldon sang it). Emily ( Katie Leclerc ): A deaf girl Penny knows from her spin class and who dates Raj only for his money and they break up when he says they have to return all the gifts he got her after his parents threaten to cut off his allowance if he doesn't stop seeing her. Alice ( Courtney Ford ): A beautiful comic book artist whom Leonard meets at the comic book store and ends up spending time with her and sharing one kiss while being in a relationship with Raj's sister Priya. When Leonard says all this, Alice kicks him out of her apartment. Later, Leonard confesses everything to Priya, but when she tells that a couple of weeks ago she slept with her ex-boyfriend, their relationship ends. Eric ( Eric Petersen ): A guy Sheldon meets in " The Locomotive Manipulation " on the train while on a romantic Valentine's Day trip with Amy, Howard and Bernadette. They start to bond over trains and later Sheldon leaves with him and when they return from hanging out alone together, Eric detects a little friction between Sheldon and Amy after they start arguing and he doesn't want to be a third rail. After Amy makes him leave, Sheldon is made by Amy to be romantic to her and he finally kisses her on the lips on his own accord which lasts for 11 seconds and invites her to come with him to the front of the train, which she accepts and when they head for their destination, Eric follows and catches up with them. Dr. Oliver Lorvis ( Billy Bob Thornton ): A client of Penny's who exhibits some of the same traits of each of the guys. His women dating techniques mirror Howard's creepiness, he lives with his mother and thinks that every women who is nice to him wants to be with him also like Howard. He appreciates Sheldon's way with women. He counts the length of a woman's touching him with Missisppi's like Leonard did counting duration of the hug that Penny gave him. In "The Misinterpretation Agitation", the good doctor shows up at Penny's door with flowers to initiate a romantic relationship after she winked at him and held his arm during a sales call. Sheldon notes his present to Leonard who goes to investigate. Sheldon explains that she is engaged to him and the doctor walks away upset, so Sheldon invites him in for a hot beverage. He explains that he is a urologist to the stars and has accumulated an impressive movie memorabilia collection. The guys get an invitation to see his collection which is like being in geek heaven. Sheldon remarks that the Leonard-Penny relationship is doomed, so the doctor locks them in his trophy room and goes after Penny again. walking up the stairs, he meets and connects with Amy falling for her. Penny has them both in and tries to get him to understand how creepy his actions are. Learning about the guys being locked up, she drags him back to his house with him asking about Bernadette on the way out. After the girls, rescue the guys, they can't break away from Leonard's record setting "Donkey Kong". The good doctor then shows the girls Tobey Maguire's prostate sonogram. Jeanie ( Kara Luiz ): Howard's second cousin whom he lost his virginity to when he was 15 years old in her father's Toyota Corolla after the funeral of Howard's uncle Murray. In " The Prom Equivalency ", Stuart brings her as his date to the redo prom, which humiliates Howard. Jeanie's having sex with Howard that night doesn't matter to her because it was a long time ago, but Howard soon loses it and Howard ends up attacking Stuart in the limo. During the prom, Stuart and Jeanie are about to have their picture taken, but a call to Stuart from Mrs. Wolowitz makes Stuart leave and causes Jeanie to be angry at Stuart leaving her. Josh Wolowitz ( Matt Bennett ): Howard's half-brother who first appears in " The Fortification Implementation " when he comes to Howard's late mother's house after learning through a lawyer that his father's name was still in the title for the house. He is a college student in San Diego studying oceanography. Howard, at first, wanted him to leave because he couldn't stand the thought of his father having another family, but then they bonded over Howard being an astronaut and their similarly warped personalities. Howard hugged Josh, telling him that he definitely is his brother. Mandy Chao ( Melissa Tang ): A marine biologist at Caltech who was on the North Sea expedition with Leonard and at that time both were drunk and accidentally made out. Leonard confesses this to Penny 2 years later and nearly has his wedding day blown and he and Penny later end up fighting. Mandy appears in " The Separation Oscillation " where Leonard asks her if she could to talk to Penny to sort things out and during the talk, Mandy turns out to be a good therapist and a good marriage counsellor for Leonard. Later, Leonard and Penny reconcile. Dr. Gallo ( Jane Kaczmarek ): A psychiatrist who appears in " The Sales Call Sublimation " where Penny is unable to pitch drugs to her so she sends Leonard as a patient where she is familiar with his mother's books and tells him that she doesn't agree at all with her theories on child-raising which pleases Leonard. Leonard successfully gets Dr. Gallo to meet Penny and Penny now feels that Leonard is the best husband ever. She also ends up conducting therapy on both Leonard and Penny. Constance/Meemaw ( June Squibb ): Sheldon's maternal grandmother who is mentioned several times in the series before first appearing in the Season 9 episode " The Meemaw Materialization " where she visits Sheldon in Pasadena and also meets Leonard, Penny and Amy. It appears she came to visit her grandson, but the real reason she came was to size Amy up and she dislikes Amy because of her breaking Sheldon's heart when she broke up with him. Meemaw keeps this to herself until dinner where she reveals this in front of her grandson, his girlfriend and the married Hofstadter couple. Later, Sheldon reasons with her about how she made her husband (Sheldon's maternal grandfather) a better person when he was stubborn and egotistical and Meemaw soon gives her blessings to Sheldon and Amy's relationship. Trevor (Blake Anderson): A guy with whom Sheldon has conflict when he cuts in front of him, Leonard, Howard and Raj at the movie theatre. Susan ( Katey Sagal ): Penny's mother who first appears in the Season 10 premiere "The Conjugal Conjecture" when she comes to attend her daughter's re-wedding to Leonard. Randall ( Jack McBrayer ): Penny's drug dealing brother who first appears in the Season 10 premiere "The Conjugal Conjecture" when he comes to attend his sister's re-wedding to Leonard. He has been in and out of prison and a bit of trouble over the years. Mrs. Petrescu (Michelle Arthur): A Romanian woman who lives in the building of the Apartment building and is guest at Sheldon and Amy's brunch. Isabella Concepcion (Maria Canals-Barrera): Caltech janitor who Raj has a crush on. She comes into the telescope room cleaning and then they start cleaning the men's room together. Another night Isabella comes into the telescope room to work and has found that Raj has made them dinner since she was too busy to go out. He even cleaned up the next offices so that she could take a break. He made what he claimed was food from her homeland; however she is Cuban and not Mexican. They talk about when they first came to America. She mentions that she has some time off on Sunday as Howard comes in. He asks if she was the astronomer that Raj met. Isabella is not happy and leaves because she is not going to waste her time with someone who is embarrassed by her. Raj runs after her to apologize and he tells her embarrassing things about him. Finally she says that he can take her out to a nice place to eat on Sunday night and it can be Pakistani food if he likes. He says he's Indian, to which Isabella says now he knows what it's like to be stereotyped. Theodore ( Christopher Lloyd ): A lodger who rents Sheldon's old room and gives him and Leonard good advice on why they are fighting over their possessions, which leads to them making up. Halley Wolowitz (Pamela Adlon): Howard and Bernadette's baby daughter who is born in " The Birthday Synchronicity ". She is only heard crying and her crying sounds like the way Howard's mother used to shout. Notable guest stars appearing as themselves Multiple scenes / multiple episodes Summer Glau (Season 2, " The Terminator Decoupling "): When the guys travel by train to a conference in San Francisco, they realize Summer Glau (who was in two science fiction television shows, Firefly and Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles) is sitting in the same passenger car. Raj , Howard , and Leonard take turns talking with her. Raj can't talk without drinking beer (which turned out to be non-alcoholic), Howard is his usual creepy, over-the-top self, and Leonard can't start a conversation before she has to get off the train. Wil Wheaton first appeared in the season 3 episode " The Creepy Candy Coating Corollary ". See his recurring character section for more information. Katee Sackhoff (Season 3, " The Vengeance Formulation " and Season 4, " The Hot Troll Deviation "): Howard fantasizes about taking a bath with Katee Sackhoff (Captain Kara "Starbuck" Thrace in Battlestar Galactica). However, in his own fantasy Sackhoff scolds him and tells him to get a real girlfriend instead of imaginary ones. Sackhoff reappeared in a different fantasy of Howard's in The Hot Troll Deviation , where she and George Takei help Howard realize that he still has feelings for Bernadette. George Takei (Season 4, " The Hot Troll Deviation "): During one of Howard's fantasies, Takei, along with Katee Sackhoff, help Howard realize that he still has feelings for Bernadette. Takei's real life homosexuality is twice referenced in the episodes: once, when he first appears in Howard's fantasy, Sackhoff asks Howard if Takei's presence implies that Howard has homosexual tendencies, and the second reference occurs when Takei advises Howard about women's love preferences. Sackhoff asks Takei "How would you know?" and he responds "I read." Neil deGrasse Tyson (Season 4, " The Apology Insufficiency ") Appears as a colleague of Raj. Upon being introduced to deGrasse Tyson, Sheldon tells him that he (Sheldon) is upset at Tyson's role in the demotion of Pluto from planet status. Initially deGrasse Tyson explains that he had no role in the demotion, but later attempts to apologize to Sheldon. Sheldon declines the apology, immediately after he himself apologized to Howard, who declined Sheldon's apology. Stephen Hawking (Season 5, " The Hawking Excitation "): When Sheldon finds out that Howard gets a chance to work with Stephen Hawking, he tries to get Howard to let him meet Stephen Hawking so that he can present his idea on string theory to him. Howard, however, asks Sheldon to do all sorts of tasks for him, (cleaning his belt buckles, wearing a French maid costume at the cafeteria, shopping with his mother) before agreeing to help him meet Hawking, which Sheldon reluctantly agrees. When Sheldon finally meets Hawking, Hawking points out that Sheldon has done an arithmetic error on the paper he gave him, which causes Sheldon to gasp and faint. He also criticized Leonard and Sheldon's theory anonymously, played "Words with Friends" with Sheldon and got prank phone calls form him. James Earl Jones (Season 7, " The Convention Conundrum "): With the boys acting like "teenagers" about Comic-Con tickets and Sheldon is having the best day ever with James Earl Jones, the girls decide they're going to have a more grown up afternoon and go out for tea, but then they end up realizing they don't feel very grown up either. [1 ] Adam Nimoy (Season 9, " The Spock Resonance "): He and Wil Wheaton interview Sheldon for an interview on Mr. Spock. Elon Musk (Season 9, " The Platonic Permutation "): Howard meets him at a kitchen when he, Bernadette, Raj and Emily serve homeless people and it turns out Howard is a big fan of him. Adam West (Season 9, " The Celebration Experimentation "): When Leonard, Penny and Amy find out that Sheldon dislikes birthday parties because when he was a child, his sister and her friends used to torture him and on the sixth birthday, they tricked him into believing that Batman was coming to the party, to which Sheldon waited by he door for hours, but the closest thing he saw to Barman was when a robin flew into the window. Stuart once had him in his comic-book store and he gives Leonard Adam West's contact information and he is brought to Sheldon's birthday party. Cameo appearances Charlie Sheen (Season 2, " The Griffin Equivalency "): When Raj discovers a celestial body he is very excited about it. At Penny's restaurant, Raj says to the patron at the next table over, "Hey, buddy. I'm going to be in People magazine!"; Charlie Sheen turns around and says "Yeah? Call me when you're on the cover." Analeigh Tipton and Samantha Potter (Season 2, " The Panty Piñata Polarization "): Howard and Raj visit the America's Next Top Model house pretending to be cable television repairmen. Tipton and Potter made appearances, opening the door for Howard and Raj. Tipton greeted Howard and Raj, caught them in a lie as the house does not receive cable television (it receives satellite), but allows them in regardless when Howard "corrects" his error with another lie when he says that they are satellite television repairmen. Potter did not get a speaking role. She shows up again playing Vanessa Bennet, a woman who shares Sheldon's interests and solved a complicated puzzle to meet him. Unfortunately she was too late and Sheldon rejected her. George Smoot (Season 2, " The Terminator Decoupling "): After a train ride to a conference in San Francisco, Sheldon presents his paper to 2006 Nobel Prize laureate George Smoot, and proposes joint research; Smoot abruptly rejects his idea by asking "With all due respect, Dr. Cooper , are you on crack?" Ira Flatow (Season 3, " The Vengeance Formulation "): Sheldon is invited to talk about magnetic monopoles on Flatow's radio show, Science Friday. However, Barry Kripke pulls a prank on Sheldon, and Sheldon is publicly humiliated to a nationwide audience. Flatow's appearance was voice only. Later he appeared in person to interview Leonard and Sheldon. Stan Lee (Season 3, " The Excelsior Acquisition "): When Sheldon has to miss Lee's appearance at the comic book store because he ends up in traffic court after running a red light, Penny tries to make it up to him by taking him to Lee's house, uninvited and unannounced (acquiring Lee's address from Stuart). Lee is furious and sarcastically tells Penny and Sheldon to watch a basketball game with him, but Sheldon thinks Lee is serious and rushes into Lee's house. When Sheldon announces his "autographed" restraining order to Leonard, Howard, and Raj, he comments it will look great hanging next to his restraining order from Leonard Nimoy . Steve Wozniak (Season 4, " The Cruciferous Vegetable Amplification ") [34] Dines in Penny's restaurant at the same time that the guys are there. He compliments Sheldon for his "virtual presence device" (using Sheldon's name for the device without having heard how Sheldon calls it) and in turn Sheldon (having previously referred to him as "the Great and Powerful Woz") compliments Wozniak telling him that he ranks 15th on his list of favorite technological visionaries. When Wozniak feigns disappointment, Sheldon tries to console him by stating that the ranking is six places ahead of Apple founder Steve Jobs. Sheldon then tells Wozniak that the Apple II was rather 'nifty' and is one of his proudest possessions. Wozniak promises Sheldon that he would autograph the computer if Sheldon brought it to him. In the haste to get the Apple II to Wozniak for signing, Sheldon trips and falls down the stairs, breaking the computer.	i don't know
Which retro film character frequently referred to his ‘Number One son’ in his films?	The Crosby Family – Bing Crosby No products in the cart. The Crosby Family GARY CROSBY Gary Evan Crosby, born June 25, 1933 and named after his father’s friend Gary Cooper, was often referred to by his father as “number one son.” In 1941 he auditioned for the part of the young boy who grows up to be Bing’s character in Birth of the Blues, but his screen debut occurred the next year in Star Spangled Rhythm. Gary next appeared in 1945 along with his brothers in two more movies identified with Bing: Duffy’s Tavern and Out of this World. Like all of his brothers, Gary was educated at Bellarmine College Preparatory in San Jose, later enrolling at Stanford University where he studied animal husbandry (having spent summers at the family cattle ranch in Elko, Nevada) and played football. He did not graduate. Gary became a teen sensation in 1950 when, credited as “Gary Crosby and Friend”, a two-sided hit boasted of back-to-back million sellers: “Sam’s Song” and “Play a Simple Melody.” The duo waxed several more recordings: “Moonlight Bay,” “When You and I Were Young, Maggie Blues,” and “Down by the Riverside.” By now a Bing look-alike, Gary appeared regularly on his father’s radio show; and even hosted his own series as a summer replacement for Bing’s show in 1954. Gary made several solo records and albums, showing promise as a jazz vocalist. In 1955 he recorded “Struttin’ with Some Barbecue” with his father’s friend, Louis Armstrong. Gary was inducted into the Army in 1956, serving in Germany. Upon discharge in 1958, Gary and his brothers formed “The Crosby Boys,” headlining at several top nightclubs and appearing on the cover of Life magazine. After internecine quarrels and disputes, Gary left to pursue a movie career; and through the intercession of his father, secured a Fox contract, appearing in Mardi Gras, Holiday for Lovers, and Girl Happy, among others. But major stardom eluded him, and Gary, along with his brothers, constantly struggled with alcoholism and had embarrassing scrapes with the law. He appeared on television, frequently joining his father; and made guest appearances on a variety of programs (most famously as the bedeviled troubadour Floyd Burney on “Come Wander with Me,” a 1964 episode of The Twilight Zone.) Gary was a semi-regular on The Bill Dana Show from 1963-64. He was perhaps best known as Officer Ed Wells on the police series, Adam 12, running from 1968-75. Several years after Bing died, Doubleday approached Gary to write an autobiography. To guarantee success, he was asked to wildly exaggerate Bing’s self-acknowledged paternal strictness. Going My Own Way, published in 1983 and co-authored by Ross Firestone, was Gary’s controversial attempt to transfer his professional and personal shortcomings onto his father; and to achieve the long desired leading role – playing Bing, no less – should his book be adapted to the screen. This wasn’t to be, as the book created considerable turmoil within the Crosby family. Subsequently, Gary recanted large portions of his unfortunate memoir. To further the rehabilitation Gary decided in 1995 to record an album overdubbing his father’s classic recordings. This came too late. With one side complete, a persistent cough interfered with the endeavor. A doctor’s visit confirmed that he had advanced lung cancer. Gary died on August 24, 1995. Twice divorced, he was survived by his third wife and his adopted son. PHILLIP CROSBY Phillip Lang Crosby, born on July 13, 1934, was the twin of Dennis. His middle name was given in tribute to Bing’s close friend, guitarist Eddie Lang. Phillip’s first recording was the Decca two-side medley, A Crosby Christmas, on which the twins sang a duet, “The Snowman.” He attended college with Dennis at Washington State College at Pullman and was inducted into the Army on January 5, 1955. Before the formation of The Crosby Boys, the twins sang “The Jones Boy” on Bing’s Oldsmobile special of March 2, 1959. Gary’s early departure from the group did not deter the others, and the act recorded an album for their father’s Project Records label, which was distributed by MGM. The Crosby Boys had many successful nightclub bookings, and appeared often on television. After a guest spot on Sgt. Bilko, the group followed on two episodes of Perry Como’s Kraft Music Hall and five episodes of The Ed Sullivan Show. They revealed a flair for dynamic harmonizing while blending with Bing on “Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho” on his Oldsmobile special on February 29, 1960 and also appeared on another Oldsmobile outing on October 5, 1960. In 1960 Phillip also recorded a rhythm & blues version of Bing’s classic, “Thanks,” which featured a cameo appearance by Bing approving at song’s end: “By George, I think he’s got it!” In 1961, Phillip’s affiliation with the Rat Pack began when the Crosby Boys appeared in Sergeants Three, and continued when he appeared solo in Robin and the Seven Hoods in 1964. In one scene he offers a chair to a startled Allen A. Dale, played by Bing. The Sinatra connection continued in 1965 with a role as Private Magee in None but the Brave. In 1964 Phillip appeared on the Bing Crosby production, Ben Casey (as would all his brothers). His final appearance with his father took place on The Hollywood Palace show of April 5, 1969 where they reprised songs which Bing had previously recorded with Gary. Phillip would later remark, “Dad was always there when we needed him.” Phillip gave his final performance at an Elk’s Club party in Burbank in 1983. Four-times divorced and having lost a teenaged son, Phillip died January 13, 2004. He was survived by two daughters and two sons. DENNIS CROSBY Dennis Michael Crosby, twin brother of Phillip, was born on July 13, 1934. Of all his brothers, Dennis preferred behind-the-scenes work to performing, serving as assistant producer for Bing Crosby Productions. Dennis was deeply grieved when his younger brother Lindsay committed suicide. The divorce from his second wife worsened his fragile emotional state. Dennis killed himself on May 7, 1991. Dennis was survived by three sons and four daughters, one of whom was adopted. In 1958 Dennis had been sued by Marilyn Miller Scott over the paternity of her daughter, Denise, and Dennis was ordered to pay Scott child support and legal fees. (Denise appeared on the television show, Star Trek: the Next Generation from 1987-94). LINDSAY CROSBY Lindsay Harry Crosby was born on January 5, 1938. His name was inspired by Bing’s close friend and thoroughbred horse racing partner, Lindsay Howard. “The smallest of the small fry” also appeared on A Crosby Christmas, singing “I’d Like to Hitch a Ride with Santa Claus.” Lindsay, the closest to his mother, was distraught by her death. To help console him, Bing took him out of school in March 1953. They went on an extended tour of Europe, including an audience with Pope Pious XII. Before their departure, Bing and Lindsay recorded several duets that were broadcast on Bing’s General Electric Show during their travels. Although the radio broadcasts announced that the recordings were made in France, they were actually recorded in Palm Springs. The series also spotlighted several Lindsay solos. The following year, Lindsay joined Bing and Gary for several nostalgic barbershop routines on the General Electric Show. Lindsay also contributed several solos and duets to The Bing Crosby Show (1954-56) where his radio banter with his father revealed a keen sense of comedy timing. In addition, Lindsay was a special guest on Bing’s legendary Edsel Show in 1957. Lindsay would later remark, “I don’t know of many fathers who gave more consideration to their children.” With Bing’s help, Lindsay got a recording contract with RCA in 1958, and enjoyed a modest hit with “Friendship Ring.” He went on to appear in a slew of B movies such as The Girls from Thunder Strip and Zebra Force. Lindsay, never fully able to overcome his mother’s premature death, suffered from depression as she had. Three divorces and a turbulent breakup with his girlfriend led to his suicide on December 11, 1989. Lindsay was survived by four sons. Although Bing demonstrated an active involvement in his sons’ professional careers, he once expressed to an interviewer his most ardent aspiration for his boys. “I just want them to be nice guys. I don’t care how big they are or how important. I’d just like them to be the kind that other people would like to have around. And I want them to be thoughtful of other people. I hate rudeness, thoughtlessness, and arrogance.” [media id=53 width=600 height=360] CATHERINE CROSBY One of two Crosby sisters, Catherine was born October 3, 1904. She was a housewife and mother, and died in 1988. MARY ROSE CROSBY Mary Rose, a favorite playmate of young Bing, was born May 3, 1906. A Crosby family “tradition” occurred when the young Mary Rose refused to share her birthday with her older brother, so Bing acquiesced, and the family celebrated his day one day earlier his entire life – and that date was woven into his “biography” from the beginning. Mary Rose, a housewife and mother, died in 1990. HARRY CROSBY Harry Lillis Crosby III, born August 8, 1958, is the first of Bing’s children with his second wife Kathryn. Born in Hollywood, he showed natural musical tendencies, teaching himself how to play guitar by listening to musicians near his father’s getaway in Baja California. He, along with his two younger siblings and their mother, became part of a holiday tradition, appearing in the annual Christmas television broadcasts with their father. After dabbling in films, he settled on college and is now a successful investment banker, having earned an MBA from Fordham. He lives in New York City with his wife and two children and occasionally accompanies his mother on guitar when she performs her cabaret act. MARY FRANCES CROSBY Now known simply as Mary, she was born September 14, 1959. Passing the Level One Red Cross swimming test at age 2, Mary was a precocious child. She graduated from high school at 15 and dropped out of college a year later to work on acting, a love she had since getting her equity card at age 3, accompanying her mother on stage. Her first dramatic role on television was on a 1967 episode of The Danny Thomas Theater in which she appeared alongside her father in the drama, The Demon Under the Bed. Landing a guest role on the popular TV program “Dallas”, she now jokingly refers to herself as “simply the answer to the trivia question: who shot J.R.?” In addition to her family’s appearances on the annual Crosby Christmas television specials, she’s appeared in a number of television programs and films, most recently sharing the screen with her mother, Kathryn, in Queen of the Lot. Mary, her husband, and their two sons live in California. NATHANIEL CROSBY Born October 29, 1961, Nathaniel Patrick Crosby had the distinction of being the youngest-ever winner of the U.S. Amateur golf tournament at age 19, until Tiger Woods came along. Less interested in performing than his two older siblings, Nathaniel bonded with his father over sports, accompanying him to countless baseball and football games when they lived near San Francisco. Graduating from the University of Miami in 1984, he moved from the game of golf to the business of golf, first at Nicklaus Golf, and then as president of Orlimar Golf and Toney Penna Golf. Working now as a consultant, Nathaniel and his second wife have a family of six children and live in Florida. Lindsay Harry Crosby was born on January 5, 1938. His name was inspired by Bing’s close friend and thoroughbred horse racing partner, Lindsay Howard. “The smallest of the small fry” also appeared on A Crosby Christmas, singing “I’d Like to Hitch a Ride with Santa Claus.” Lindsay, the closest to his mother, was distraught by her death. To help console him, Bing took him out of school in March 1953. They went on an extended tour of Europe, including an audience with Pope Pious XII. Before their departure, Bing and Lindsay recorded several duets that were broadcast on Bing’s General Electric Show during their travels. Although the radio broadcasts announced that the recordings were made in France, they were actually recorded in Palm Springs. The series also spotlighted several Lindsay solos. The following year, Lindsay joined Bing and Gary for several nostalgic barbershop routines on the General Electric Show. Lindsay also contributed several solos and duets to The Bing Crosby Show (1954-56) where his radio banter with his father revealed a keen sense of comedy timing. In addition, Lindsay was a special guest on Bing’s legendary Edsel Show in 1957. Lindsay would later remark, “I don’t know of many fathers who gave more consideration to their children.” With Bing’s help, Lindsay got a recording contract with RCA in 1958, and enjoyed a modest hit with “Friendship Ring.” He went on to appear in a slew of B movies such as The Girls from Thunder Strip and Zebra Force. Lindsay, never fully able to overcome his mother’s premature death, suffered from depression as she had. Three divorces and a turbulent breakup with his girlfriend led to his suicide on December 11, 1989. Lindsay was survived by four sons. Although Bing demonstrated an active involvement in his sons’ professional careers, he once expressed to an interviewer his most ardent aspiration for his boys. “I just want them to be nice guys. I don’t care how big they are or how important. I’d just like them to be the kind that other people would like to have around. And I want them to be thoughtful of other people. I hate rudeness, thoughtlessness, and arrogance.”	Charlie Chan
With which song did Pharrell Williams top the charts in ten countries in 2013?	Charlie Chan 10 Okay. Oh...Okay. For such a long-running series, fans often like to point out continuity errors, inconsistencies of facts that occur. There are many, as we shall see. The question here that begs asking, if Henry is the Number One son, is then Oswald the Number Two son? Harold Huber, Donald Woods, Keye Luke, Warner Oland in Charlie Chan on Broadway (1937). Lee Chan: The Second Number One Son Even though Fox Film Corporation had already made six previous Charlie Chan films with Warner Oland, Charlie Chan in Paris (1935) is the series' first film that features one of Chan's children in a major role. Also, the viewer is introduced to two more innovations that would be standard fare throughout the rest of the series. One is the custom of Charlie's often referring to his various children by number, such as "Number One son" Lee, played by the affable Keye Luke. A second innovation is that of one or more of the children acting as Charlie's uninvited and often troublesome assistant when their detective father is assigned a case—"Father who depend on son is happy or foolish according to son." Warner Oland and Keye Luke look on while Harold Huber receives a report of an attempted sale of stolen bonds in Charlie Chan at Monte Carlo (1937). Of all the Chan offspring in the series, Lee is probably the best remembered, and often pops up unexpectedly in various parts of the globe wherever his father comes to town. Because of his travels with his father, Lee develops the strange hobby of appropriating towels as mementos from the hotels he has stayed in and ships he has sailed on. In some of the films, Lee actually has a job, often employed as some kind of purchasing agent or trade representative. Coincidentally, he is often sent on business to the same location as is his honorable father. In Charlie Chan in Shanghai (1935) Lee meets his father, telling him that his firm sent him to Shanghai to look into the trade situation. Charlie then ribs Lee by asking, "Selling oil for lamps in China?" Ironically, it was Luke who had a bit part as a Chinese soldier in the film, Oil for the Lamps of China (1935), which was released about a month before "Shanghai" went into production. In Charlie Chan at the Olympics (1937), Lee is shown to be an accomplished athlete when, as a member of the U.S. Olympic team in the 1936 Berlin Olympics, he swims in the 100 meter freestyle race. In Charlie Chan at Monte Carlo (1937), Lee, as Luke was in real life, portrays an artist. He and Charlie are both passing through Monte Carlo on their way to a Paris art show where one of Lee's paintings is being displayed. In the last film of the series, Sky Dragon (1949), Lee is studying to be an airplane pilot. As the Number One son, Lee Chan is a definite asset to the films' plots. Often, the exchanges between the inscrutable father and his clean-cut son highlight Charlie's paternal qualities and Lee is usually around to provide the necessary physical action which Oland's portrayal lacks. Lee even receives a black eye for his trouble in Charlie Chan on Broadway (1937). Keye Luke, Harold Huber, and Peter Lorre in Mr. Moto's Gamble (1938), parts of which were salvaged from an unfinished project, Charlie Chan at the Ringside. Lee and many of his siblings of the later films are bilingual, and are comfortable conversing in English or Chinese. However, it is Lee who mangles the French language in Charlie Chan in Monte Carlo. At the film's beginning, he tries to impress Monaco's chief of police (Harold Huber) with an introduction. With a quizzical look, the policeman responds in English, "That is French, no?" Charlie carefully reminds Lee, "Fortunately assassination of French language not serious crime." A short while later in the same film, Lee doesn't remember his father's earlier advice and, tries explains to a pair of gendarmes how he and his detective father just discovered a dead body on a lonely road. However, errors in Lee's French grammar and pronunciation cause the police to arrest them both on suspicion of murder. In the jail cell Charlie tersely admonishes Lee, "In future, remember that tongue often hang man quicker than rope." Agency photo of Keye Luke, who played Warner Oland's Number One son Lee Chan. None of Lee's shortcomings however diminish his strong devotion to and concern for his father's welfare. Always appreciative of Lee's help, Charlie remarks, "Confucius say, no man is poor who have worthy son." Keye Luke was born June 18, 1904 in Guangzhou (formerly Canton), China. At an early age he and his family immigrated to the U.S. where he grew up in Seattle. After graduation from high school, Luke then went to the University of Southern California. Drafted into military service during World War II, he went back to college to learn Mandarin Chinese for the Marines, but it wasn't until 1944 when he became a naturalized U.S. citizen. Luke was a talented artist. He entered the film industry as a billboard designer and caricaturist, and in 1933 was one of the founders of the Screen Actors Guild. Ironically, he did publicity artwork for the Fox studio in connection with several of the early Charlie Chan films. Luke tells the story that his becoming an actor was mainly the result of being in the right place at the right time. When he did his first picture in an uncredited supporting role with Greta Garbo in The Painted Veil (1934), Luke got the role because his former boss at MGM called him to his office one day. As Luke fondly reminisced with actress Beulah Quo during a 1977 dinner of the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California: “I took samples of my art work with me. He said, 'What the hell do you have those things for?' I said, 'I thought you wanted to see my art work.' He replied, 'No! Read page 35,' handing me the script for The Painted Veil. After I read it, he asked, 'How do you like it?' I said, 'But, I'm an artist,' I insisted. 'Don't worry about that,' he answered, and took me downstairs to the casting department." Inspired by the film, The Good Earth (1937), Keye Luke shows off his artistic talent as he paints Oriental designs on a silk bathing suit worn by Suzanna Kim. Coincidentally, this film also featured Charlie Chan's Warner Oland, with whom Luke would join one year later in the increasingly popular Charlie Chan series. From his first appearance as Number One son Lee Chan in Charlie Chan in Paris, Luke continued the role seven more times with Oland. While filming Charlie Chan at the Ringside in 1938, Oland unexpectedly left the set and eventually went to Sweden where he died of bronchial pneumonia. Twentieth Century-Fox salvaged much of this uncompleted project and reworked it as the 1938 movie, Mr. Moto's Gamble with Luke again playing the part of Lee Chan, but now as an assistant to Mr. Moto, a Japanese detective played by Peter Lorre. With Oland's death, Sidney Toler was picked to continue the Charlie Chan role and Keye Luke's pay was cut by the studio. Jon Tuska writes in his book, The Detective in Hollywood, that producer Sol Wurtzel once commented to Luke, "With this team, there's one smart one and one dumb one. You're the dumb one." This verbal slap and resenting the cut in pay caused Luke to quit the series. His role was then replaced with a new character—Jimmy Chan as the Chans' Number Two son. Ten years later, Luke would reprise his Lee Chan role for the last two movies of the series at Monogram with Roland Winters. Although he was never in a Charlie Chan film with Toler, Luke and Toler did appear together in Adventures of Smilin' Jack (1943). By 1940, there now were three Oriental detectives in films—Charlie Chan, Mr. Moto, and Mr. Wong. Unfortunately, each series continued the industry practice of casting a non-Asian actor as the lead detective. After Boris Karloff had appeared as James Lee Wong in five Mr. Wong films at Monogram, Keye Luke was chosen for the Mr. Wong role in Phantom of Chinatown (1940). This marked the first time an Asian actor was cast in the main role of an Oriental detective. Unfortunately, Luke was mismatched in the lead role and the Mr. Wong series quickly ended. Luke made more than 100 films over his career of more than 60 years. As a contract player in the big-studio era, Keye Luke had to appear in many minor movies, but he also had supporting roles in major films such as The Good Earth (1937) and Love Is a Many Splendored Thing (1955). Luke was involved in other series besides the Charlie Chan films. He played the loyal Kato in The Green Hornet films and the dedicated intern, Dr. Lee Wong How, in five Dr. Kildare films of the 1940s. Luke also played Wang Chi-Yang, the patriarch of a Chinese-American family in Rodgers and Hammerstein's 1958 Broadway musical, Flower Drum Song. Incidentally, Luke's role would be played by Benson Fong, another "Chan son," in the 1961 movie adaptation of the Broadway show. Besides films and the Broadway stage, Luke found work in many television episodes such as Perry Mason, Gunsmoke, The A-Team, Miami Vice, MacGyver, Harry-O, Night Court, Cannon, Remington Steele, Magnum P.I., It Takes a Thief, I Spy, and Star Trek. He was also the voice of Charlie Chan on the Saturday morning cartoon show, Charlie Chan and the Chan Clan in the early 1970s. However, Luke was probably the most popular in his post-Charlie Chan years as Master Po, a blind Shaolin monk in the Kung Fu television show (1972-1975), which Luke considers his best role. Besides acting, Luke often served as a technical adviser on films with Chinese themes. In 1986, he won the first Lifetime Achievement Award bestowed by the Association of Asian/Pacific American Artists, and he was honored with a sidewalk star in the Hollywood Hall of Fame in December 1990. A month later though, Keye Luke died from a stroke at the age of 86 on January 12, 1991 at the Presbyterian Intercommunity Hospital in Whittier, California. He was survived by a daughter, Ethel Longenecker, whom he adopted in 1942 when he married Ethel Davis. Jimmy Chan: The First Number Two Son? With the death of Warner Oland and the departure of Keye Luke from the series, 20th Century-Fox writers introduced a new character—Jimmy Chan, a.k.a. "Number Two son" to replace older brother Lee along with the introduction of Sidney Toler as the Number Two Chan. Starting with Charlie Chan in Honolulu (1938), Jimmy, who was also credited as James Chan in several of the films, was portrayed by Victor Sen Yung (then credited as simply Sen Yung). The character was written into 13 films, all of which were alongside Toler. Roland Winters and Victor Sen Young in The Golden Eye (1948). At the scene at the dinner table mentioned earlier in which Jimmy mentions older brother Lee's attending art school in New York, Charlie refers to Jimmy as "Number Two son," which would appear to eliminate Oswald from this distinction. However, in the later films churned out by Monogram, the "Number Two son" moniker is mysteriously reassigned to Tommy Chan. More about this change later. Although Jimmy is portrayed as a college student much of the time, there are some inconsistencies and revelations about his college days. In Charlie Chan in Reno (1939), Jimmy is a chemistry student at the University of Southern California and one film later in Charlie Chan at the Wax Museum (1940), is in New York attending law school. Then in the following picture, Murder Over New York (1940), Jimmy is again a chemistry student with occasional classes in biology and art. In Charlie Chan in Rio (1941), Jimmy confesses under hypnosis that he didn't do well in math because the class is at 8:00 a.m. and he is too lazy to get out of bed. With all this education it is not surprising that Charlie often refers to Jimmy as "expensively educated offspring," but also concedes that "One scholar in family better than two detectives." Besides his college studies, Jimmy also finds time to be a pitcher on the school's baseball team. He also shows that he can play the violin when he breaks out with impromptu boogie-woogie music, called "chop suey boogie," with Chan chauffeur Birmingham Brown (Mantan Moreland) on the piano in Docks of New Orleans (1948). Sidney Toler and Victor Sen Yung in Charlie Chan in Rio (1941). Jimmy sometimes is hired on with temporary jobs onboard freighters during college vacations but he often lands in jail because of some kind of misunderstanding with the police who doesn't believe that his father is the famous Charlie Chan. The incarceration generally serves to justify Jimmy's "just happen to be in the neighborhood" presence when his father arrives on a case in Charlie Chan in Reno (1939) and Charlie Chan in Panama (1940). In his initial appearance, Jimmy already has an appetite for detective work. "I could be the best detective on the island with your help," he tells his father. Charlie however is a little less optimistic— "I'm afraid you overestimate abilities of parent." Jimmy is always eager to assist his honorable detective father, most of the time without permission, and Charlie often has his doubts about Jimmy's usefulness—"Father who depend on son is happy or foolish according to son." Despite his good intentions though, Jimmy often gullible, providing more than occasional comic relief—"Young squirt merely chip masquerading as block." Jimmy's uninvited assistance is also the butt of Charlie's jokes—"Number Two son very promising detective; promise very much, produce very little." In Murder Over New York (1940), Charlie with a little sarcasm introduces Jimmy to an old friend saying, "This is favorite offspring Jimmy, without whose assistance many cases would have been solved much sooner." After Jimmy invites himself with assisting his father on the case, Charlie enlightens his son, "Will inform honorable mother that aid from Number Two son like interest on mortgage. Impossible to escape." Even with such well-placed quips, exchanges between father and his "favorite offspring" son continue to highlight Charlie's human qualities despite Toler's slightly more acerbic interpretation of the Charlie Chan character. After helping his father solve a murder case in Charlie Chan in Rio, Charlie breaks the news to Jimmy that a cablegram from his honorable mother informs them that Jimmy has just been drafted into the Army. Jimmy's nonchalant response is, "Well how do you like that? Now I've got a war on my hands!" When Charlie questions if Jimmy doesn't want to go, Number Two son boasts, "Sure. With me in it Pop, the war's in the bag. It's a cinch!" In the following film, Castle in the Desert (1942), Jimmy is now in the army. He then joins his father on a case while on leave from army training and complains about why they have to do so much marching. Charlie, who never is at a loss for a few words of wisdom, replies, "Excellent training for brains of young sprouts. Man who walk have both feet on ground." Jimmy is then absent from the series for the next six films, presumably due to his being in the army during World War II. This was not far from the truth as Yung was actually a captain in intelligence for the U.S. Air Force during World War II. Victor Sen Yung played Jimmy, the Chans' number Two son who would often overestimate his abilities as a detective. Photo courtesy of Rob Metz. Victor Sen Yung, whose original name was Sen Yew Cheung, was born October 18, 1915 in San Francisco's Chinatown. When he was 12, he took a job as a houseboy for a family on Nob Hill to help finance his future education. He later graduated from the University of California with a degree in economics and did some graduate work at UCLA and USC. As did Keye Luke, Yung got into acting by shear happenstance. He was employed as a salesman for a chemical company and came to the 20th Century-Fox studios one day with samples of a new flame retardant to sell. Instead of closing the sale, Yung was persuaded to take a screen test for the new role of Jimmy Chan. In his role as Jimmy Chan, Yung appeared in all his films with Sidney Toler. Because of his military service with the Air Force in World War II, Yung was replaced with Benson Fong as Tommy Chan, the Number Three son when Monogram took over the series in 1944. In 1946, Yung returned to the series reprising his Jimmy Chan role in Shadows Over Chinatown. Two films later, Sidney Toler died in 1947 and Roland Winters was picked to carry on the role of Charlie Chan for Monogram's final six films. Along with a new actor to play his honorable father, Yung was without explanation, now cast as Tommy Chan for five of the six final Monogram films and also mysteriously upgraded as Charlie's Number Two son. Besides changes in his character from Jimmy to Tommy and his seniority among his brothers, Yung himself also underwent several name changes and spellings. In all ten films at 20th Century-Fox, Yung was credited simply as Sen Yung. When he returned to the series following military service, he was billed as Victor Sen Young but was credited as Victor Sen Yung in his final film of the series, The Feathered Serpent (1948). As to why the different names and spellings throughout the series, no one knows for sure. Victor Sen Yung and Keye Luke in their only appearance together as Charlie Chan's sons, along with Carol Forman in The Feathered Serpent (1948). Besides his appearance in 18 Charlie Chan films, Yung had roles in more than 35 other films, many of which were stereotypical for Asian actors. In some he had key roles, such as Ong Chi Seng in Billy Wyler's The Letter (1940) with Betty Davis, which Yung felt was his best performance, and as Frankie Wing in Flower Drum Song (1961). In addition to films, he found work in recurring roles in several television shows. He was Chuen in Kung Fu (1972), cousin Charlie Fong in Bachelor Father (1957-62), and was perhaps best recognized as Hop Sing, the Cartwright's irascible cook and houseboy, in Bonanza (1959-73). It is ironic that Yung was cast as a cook because he actually was a talented Cantonese-style cook. In 1974 he penned the Great Wok Cookbook (as Victor Sen Yung), which was dedicated to his father, Sen Gam Yung. Unlike some of the other actors from the Chan and Bonanza series, financial fortune did not follow Yung. Virtually penniless and alone, he died tragically November 9, 1980 in a North Hollywood tenement from accidental carbon monoxide poisoning due to a gas leak in the stove. Tommy Chan: The Climb from Number Five to Number Two Son The character of Tommy Chan has an interesting evolution throughout the series. He is first seen in Charlie Chan in Honolulu as the "Number Five son," whose part is played by Layne Tom, Jr. There is a bit of sibling rivalry in this film between Tommy and his older brother Jimmy, each boasting he can do the better job of detecting and assisting their father. After "Honolulu," Tommy is absent from the series for the next ten films until Monogram's Charlie Chan in the Secret Service (1944), when Tommy, now played by Benson Fong, is promoted two rungs, without explanation, to "Number Three son." Cy Kendall, Sidney Toler, and Benson Fong in The Chinese Cat (1944). Fong is cast with Sidney Toler as his honorable father in six Monogram entries but is dropped from the series after completing Dark Alibi (1946). Toler died on February 12, 1947 after a long illness from intestinal cancer and Roland Winters was tapped to continue the Chan role in The Chinese Ring (1947). As was the case when Oland died, there was also a shuffle among Charlie's children. Yung continued in the series, but he did so now as Tommy Chan, who was cast as the "Number Two son." The change in character name and number for Yung is probably due more to carelessness in the continuity of writing the screenplays than for any other reason. Of the three actors to portray Tommy Chan, Benson Fong's characterization, intentionally or not, comes off as the one who was the real bumbler. Lee, Jimmy, and Tommy occasionally converse in fluent Chinese in many of the films, sometimes to their humble father when excited; more often though to pretty Chinese girls, like those portrayed by Barbara Jean Wong, Shia Jung, Iris Wong, and Jean Wong, that were included in the plots to add a dash of anticipated romance. However, Tommy's flawless conversational Spanish while in Mexico City during a scene in The Red Dragon (1945) is a big surprise when compared to Lee's French in the earlier Charlie Chan in Monte Carlo. Benson Fong in a post Charlie Chan series role as Wang Chi-Yang in the 1961 movie version of the Flower Drum Song. A young Benson Fong in China Sky (1945). As the son of a well-to-do businessman, Benson Fong was born October 10, 1916 in Sacramento, California. He went to study in China after high school but eventually returned to Sacramento to open a grocery store. In the late 1930s he landed a few brief bit parts which included an uncredited role as a Chinese soldier extra in Charlie Chan at the Opera (1936). However Fong got his real break in the early '40s when in a San Francisco Chinese restaurant with some friends, he saw a man staring at him. This made him uneasy and Fong asked the waiter to tell the man to stop staring. The man came over and introduced himself as a director at Paramount Studios and said that he was looking for a Chinese man for a film. There was a big demand for Fong and other Asian actors at this time as Hollywood was turning out lots of war movies and the studios needed Asian actors to play the needed Japanese and Chinese characters. Teala Loring, George Holmes, Sidney Toler, and Benson Fong in Dark Alibi (1946). Besides the Charlie Chan series, Fong appeared in nearly 45 other films. His two favorite roles were that of a servant in Keys of the Kingdom (1944) with Gregory Peck and Vincent Price, and the family patriarch Wang Chi-Yang in Flower Drum Song (1961). Like Keye Luke and Victor Sen Yung, Fong also found additional work in television series such as Perry Mason, Family Affair, Kung Fu, Mission: Impossible, and It Takes a Thief. Fong opened Ah Fong's, a restaurant on Vine Street in Hollywood in 1946 at the suggestion of his friend Gregory Peck. In time there were to be four more—in Encino, Beverly Hills, Anaheim, and one on Sunset Boulevard, but only one remained when Fong retired in 1985. As a bit of trivia, the next to last episode of the TV show Bewitched in 1972, revealed that Darin Stephens (then played by Dick Sargent) who worked for an advertising agency, had Ah Fong's Restaurant as one of his clients. Benson Fong died August 1, 1987 at age 70 from complications of a stroke and was survived by his wife, five children and three grandchildren. Three Chan Sons Together for One Time Keye Luke, Victor Sen Yung, and Benson Fong never worked as a trio on any of the Chan films, although Luke and Yung once teamed up in The Feathered Serpent (1948). On November 5, 1977 the three "brothers" appeared together as honored dinner guests of the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California with actress Beulah Quo serving as emcee. All three of who played Charlie's sons were presented plaques from the Society honoring their achievements and historical contributions to the motion picture and television industry. When asked why they became actors, all three gave the identical reply—money. Eddie Chan: Number Four Son In order of sibling seniority, the Chans' Number Four son is Eddie Chan. The character appears in only one film, The Jade Mask (1945), and is played by Edwin Luke, Keye Luke's real-life younger brother. Compared to his other siblings, Eddie is the intellectual one—a "very expensively educated bookworm," in Charlie's words. Eddie is also sensitive about his name, as when he admonishes his parent, "Please father, call me Edward. Eddie is so juvenile." In one scene Charlie tells Eddie, who always has something to say, "My boy, if silence is golden, you are bankrupt." Mantan Moreland and Edwin Luke as Number Four son Eddie, a very expensively educated bookworm, in The Jade Mask (1945). Like many of his siblings, Eddie can't resist the self-appointed urge to assist his father in solving the murder. There is one scene when Eddie and Birmingham Brown arrive to meet Charlie at the house where a murder had been committed earlier that evening. With unabashed conceit, Eddie asks of his father, "Now that I am here Pop, what type of murder have we got and how soon do you wish me to produce the murderer?" Charlie retorts, "Every time you open your mouth, you put in more feet than centipede." Unfortunately, nothing is known about Edwin Luke and whether he had other film appearances besides The Jade Mask. Older brother Keye Luke, who was interviewed and quoted by Ken Hanke in his book, Charlie Chan at the Movies: History, Filmography, and Criticism, was noticeably silent on any details about his younger brother. Even Keye Luke's New York Times obituary, written by Peter Flint, made no mention of Edwin. Charlie Junior: Another Number Two Son Despite Jimmy's appearance in Charlie Chan in Honolulu (1938), there is an impish and much younger Number Two son three films earlier in Charlie Chan at the Olympics (1937). Charlie Chan does not mention this second son by name but merely refers to him only as "Junior son," which many assume his name to be Charlie Chan, Jr. "Good fisherman, like clever merchant, knows lure of bright colors." Layne Tom, Jr. admires the sparkling contents of a fishing tackle box, with Warner Oland, and Andrew Tombes in Charlie Chan at the Olympics (1937). Photo courtesy of Gary Crawford. In "Olympics," a female murder suspect is presumed to be wearing clothing made from the fur of a white fox. Every time Charlie Jr. sees a woman wearing white fox fur, he quickly points out the woman, however a different one each time, to his father—"Look, white fox fur!" Eventually the senior Chan loses his patience and orders his son to walk home as punishment. When Jimmy Chan is introduced three films later in "Honolulu," the Number Two son label is now Jimmy's for the remainder of the 20th Century-Fox films. As if there were already not enough confusion about the numbering of Chan's sons, Layne Tom portrays his second of three different sons in "Honolulu," but is now "Number Five son" Tommy Chan, who eventually rises up to the Number Three and then Number Two son at Monogram with different actors. Go figure! Willie Chan: Number Seven Son The last of the known Chan sons is Willie Chan, who appears with older brother Jimmy as Charlie's unauthorized assistants on, what else?—a murder case in Charlie Chan's Murder Cruise (1940). Layne Tom, Jr. plays the Number Seven son in his last of three Chan film appearances. "Look, lady with white fox fur," the memorable line spoken by Layne Tom, Jr., to Warner Oland in Charlie Chan at the Olympics (1937). Willie's only film role is rather inauspicious when at the film's beginning, he and Jimmy sneak into their father's office at the police station at night to see if Willie's teacher had sent Charlie a copy of his report card in the mail. Their father suddenly enters his office and uncovers Willie's deception for his being there, as Charlie had already received the unflattering report card in that day's earlier mail. Charlie sternly points to Willie that, "In Honolulu schools, E not symbol for excellent." Although he can forgive his son's bad report card, Charlie is unforgiving with his son's attempt at tampering with the U.S. mail. "What chance has a kid got when his father is a detective?" Willie says dejectedly. As punishment, the younger Chan is to assume the "proper position" across his father's knee for a spanking. Just when Charlie is about to deliver the first strike, he is unexpectedly interrupted by an old friend from Scotland Yard, who realizes that he has just stumbled upon an old fashioned spanking. Chan explains the situation as, "Sometimes quickest way to brain of young sprout is by impression on other end." Having escaped punishment, Willie breathes a sigh of relief while rubbing his bottom and confesses to Jimmy that he's grateful that Scotland Yard arrived just in time. As a child actor, very little is known about Layne Tom, Jr. He was born Richard Layne Tom, Jr. in Los Angeles in the late 1920s to parents Richard Layne and Mary SooHoo Tom. When under contract to 20th Century-Fox, he attended "studio school" with other children such as Donald O'Connor and Jane Whithers. Layne, whose given Chinese name is Tom Kay Gong, graduated from Polytechnic High School and served in the Navy aboard the battleship West Virginia in the Pacific during World War II. Afterwards, he earned a degree in architecture from USC and worked for several firms in southern California before starting a solo practice. He later formed an architectural firm with Jan Truskier that specialized in the design of libraries, civic centers, and banks. He is now retired and had served on several governmental planning commissions and architectural review boards. Layne Tom, Jr., Warner Oland, and Keye Luke in a publicity shot for Charlie Chan at the Olympics (1937). Layne Tom's first film appearance was that of sitting on Clark Gable's shoulders in San Francisco (1936). He also had a role as the native boy Mako in The Hurricane (1937) featuring an all-star cast that included Dorothy Lamour, Jon Hall, Mary Astor, Raymond Massey, and John Carradine. However, he would be best known for his roles as three different sons to the same father in the Charlie Chan films. Tom is married to Marilynn Chow, whose aunt, Jean Wong, herself had appeared in two Charlie Chan films: The Red Dragon (1945) and The Chinese Ring (1947). They have two daughters, Laurie and Joanne, the latter now known professionally as Kiana Tom, a well-known fitness and aerobics personality on ESPN, who is just getting into films herself. When once asked about her father, Kiana mentioned that Charlie Chan at the Olympics (1937) and The Hurricane (1937) are his favorites. More than 60 years later after "Olympics" was made, both Kiana and her mother still tease Layne about the mysterious "lady in the white fox fur." Ling: Number One Daughter In the 1929 novel, The Black Camel, the Chans' eldest daughter is named Rose and like Henry, is absent from the 1931 movie. In Charlie Chan in Honolulu (1938) though, Charlie's wife exclaims the daughter's name—Ling, when honorable son-in-law Wing Foo (Philip Ahn) informs his in-laws that she is now in labor and has just been taken to the hospital. Only at the film's end does Ling make a brief appearance, after having just given birth to the Chan's first grandchild, a boy named Leung. Incidentally, the grandchild is mentioned again in the series' next film, Charlie Chan in Reno, where Charlie is seen in the police crime laboratory trying to create an Easter egg for his Number One grandchild. In the uncredited role with no lines, it is possible the Number One daughter was probably named after an Aunt Ling who is mentioned by Number One son Lee in a earlier film, Charlie Chan at the Race Track (1936), as living "at the other end of the island." Number One daughter Ling is portrayed by Florence Ung, who was born April 20, 1918 in Los Angeles. Besides her uncredited role in "Honolulu," she also appeared as one of the Chans' 12 children in Charlie Chan at the Circus (1936). Ung is also a real-life first cousin of Charlie Chan actors Layne Tom, Jr., and Barbara Jean Wong, both of whom also appear with her in "Honolulu." Marianne Quon as Number Two daughter Iris Chan and Benson Fong in Charlie Chan in the Secret Service (1944). The Number Two Daughter The Chan's Number Two daughter is first encountered in Charlie Chan in Honolulu. In an brief, but uncredited role, she is not identified by name but rather by number, and is played by Iris Wong. The second eldest daughter appears a second time in Charlie Chan in the Secret Service (1944), now by name as Iris Chan. Played by Marianne Quon, Iris is paired with Number Three son Tommy (Benson Fong) in the first of the 17 Chan films released by Monogram. The rivalry between sister and brother, along with the debut of Mantan Moreland as Birmingham Brown for comic relief, makes for too many assistants. Although Tommy and Birmingham continue as characters in the series, Iris Chan is never heard from again. Marianne Quon's brief acting career included two other films besides "Secret Service." In China (1943), Quon worked with Chan actors Sen Yung, Barbara Jean Wong, Iris Wong, and Philip Ahn. In Anna and the King of Siam (1946), she had an uncredited part as one of the many wives of King Mongkut (Rex Harrison). Ralph Peters, Frances Chan, Sidney Toler, and Helen Beverley in Black Magic. (1944). Photo courtesy of Gary Crawford. Frances Chan The last of the Chan daughters to be credited by name is Frances Chan, who appears in a single entry, Black Magic (1944), a.k.a. Meeting at Midnight. She is not referred to by a number like her brothers but she has the same yearning to help her father to solve a murder case—a family trait that viewers assume by now must be genetic. Unlike brothers Jimmy and Tommy, Frances is not the recipient of Charlie's sharp digs disguised as words of wisdom. On the contrary, he compliments her in the presence of a police detective (Joseph Crehan), "The beauty of the Chan family also have brains. Very fine combination." In Black Magic, Frances is not paired up with any of her brothers, like Iris and Tommy were two films earlier in "Secret Service." Instead, Birmingham Brown serves as her sole partner for the film's comic relief. One interesting item of note is that Frances Chan is played by namesake Frances Chan! Nothing is known about her other than she appeared in three other films in what seems to be a brief, two-year acting career. Other Child Actors in the Series Although they were not household names to film goers, most of the child actors and actresses that made up the Chan family, apart from Key Luke, Victor Sen Yung, Benson Fong, and Layne Tom, Jr., were nevertheless well-known to the Los Angeles Chinese community. More than 60 years later after the series ended, Virginia Kay and her mother Florence Ung, who played Ling, the Chan's Number One daughter, have matched names with some of the faces of these uncredited "bit" actors and extras, many which siblings. Two of Florence Ung's relatives appeared in the series: brother Richard Ung ("Circus") and cousin Barbara Jean Wong, the latter who appeared in "Honolulu" and The Trap (1947). Another of the uncredited Chan children was Iris Wong, once cast as the Chan's unnamed Number Two daughter in Charlie Chan in Honolulu. She also had two credited roles, as maids, in the series: as Choy Wong in Charlie Chan in Reno (1939) and Lili Wong in Charlie Chan in Rio (1941). Iris was born in Watsonville, California September 30, 1920 and was one of the first Asian-American women to land featured roles in U.S. films. In addition to about ten films, Wong also appeared in the brief TV series, Mysteries Of Chinatown, which ran from 1949 to 1950. She then moved to Honolulu and became a reservations manager for Pan American Airways. She also was an artist and had written a Chinese cookbook. On September 2, 1989 she died at age 68, being survived by a daughter, two stepchildren, her mother, sister, and brother. Other child actors who are known to have appeared in the series are brothers Frank, David, and Allan Dong; Lily and Stanton Mui; Frances and Mabel Hoo; Richard, Margie, and Faye Lee; and Mae Jean Quon. Mrs. Chan The matriarch of the Chan family, although rarely seen on screen, appears always to be a an important asset to her detective husband. Charlie obviously appreciates his "honorable wife" when he declares philosophically in Charlie Chan Carries On (1931) and Charlie Chan at the Race Track (1936), "Good wife best household furniture." It may be hard to think of a wife as household furniture, such as a sofa, but one friend once praised Mrs. Chan as "an institution," then referring to the 13 children she bore. Charlie often mentions his wife throughout the series at 20th Century-Fox but there is virtually no mention of her in the 17 Monogram entries, a time when Charlie is either working for the Government during World War II or is based in San Francisco as a private detective. One might conclude that she either passed away or the unthinkable has happened—a divorce! Mrs. Chan is first encountered in Charlie Chan Carries On (1931). In her only scene, she sees her husband off as he is about to board a ship bound for San Francisco and is concerned that Charlie will not have enough clothes for the voyage—"You must wait and get big trunk." Three films later at the conclusion of Charlie Chan's Greatest Case (1933), Mrs. Chan notices a man and woman in an embrace. "Two lovers in moonlight cast only one shadow," she notes. Charlie looks at his wife and his many children and adds, "Yes. One shadow now; many shadows later." In Charlie Chan at the Circus (1936), Mrs. Chan acts as the judge at her husband's request, ruling that their vacation should be interrupted so that her husband is free to solve a murder which would otherwise cause a circus to shut down bankrupted. Charlie Chan in Honolulu (1938) is the final film featuring the family matriarch. She is just told that her "little Ling" is at the maternity hospital about to give birth. Charlie tries to calm her down in the following dialog: Charlie:	i don't know
Whose real name is revealed to be Oscar Diggs, in a 2013 prequel to a 1939 film?	Oz the Great and Powerful - YouTube Oz the Great and Powerful Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jul 31, 2014 Oz the Great and Powerful is a 2013 American fantasy adventure film directed by Sam Raimi, produced by Joe Roth, and written by David Lindsay-Abaire and Mitchell Kapner. The film stars James Franco as the titular character, Mila Kunis as Theodora, Rachel Weisz as Evanora, and Michelle Williams as Glinda. Zach Braff, Bill Cobbs, Joey King, and Tony Cox are featured in supporting roles. The film is based on L. Frank Baum's Oz novels and is a prequel to the 1939 MGM film The Wizard of Oz. Set 20 years before the events of the original novel, Oz the Great and Powerful focuses on the origin of the Wizard of Oz, whose real name is revealed to be Oscar Diggs, and who arrives in the Land of Oz and encounters three witches: Theodora (the Wicked Witch of the West whose non-canon origin is elaborated upon), Evanora (the Wicked Witch of the East), and Glinda. Oscar is then enlisted to restore order in Oz, while struggling to resolve conflicts with the witches and himself. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video Category	The Wizard of Oz
What is the name of the orphan girl raised by Miss Havisham in ‘Great Expectations’?	The Wizard of OZ • May 16-20 & 21-26 – South Arkansas Arts Center Box-Office is open!! Call 870-862-5474 for a reservation. Tickets: $20 General Public, $15 SAAC Members, $10 Students Performances at 7:30pm, except on Sunday’s at 2:30pm July 19 Spirit of OZ Sunday Matinee Come dressed in costume to win a walk on role in the show!!! Stay after the show for a meet and greet with the cast on stage! July 25 Saturday Night Dinner and a Show Enjoy dinner and a show tonight. The audience is invited to the El Dorado Golf and Country Club before the show for the prime rib special or make a selection from the menu. July 26 Drawing for the Promotion Prize Winner!! Follow the yellow brick road downtown. Look for trivia questions on the back of OZ posters in the downtown area. Write the answers on a playing card and bring your filled-in entry card to SAAC for your chance to WIN! Little Dorothy Gale of Kansas day dreams of flying high beyond the rainbow like happy little blue birds. One day her dream comes true as she travels with her little dog named Toto in a cyclone over the rainbow. When she wakes up in this new land, there are perky little munchkins to greet her and Toto. Come join Dorothy and Toto as they meet the Scarecrow, the Tinman, the Corwardly Lion, Glinda the Good Witch, the Wicked Witch of the West, and the great and powerful Wizard of Oz. Dorothy and Toto travel along the yellow brick road to the beautiful Emerald City, they are chased by flying monkeys and the Wicked Witch to recover ruby slippers with strong, magical powers! This summer South Arkansas Art Center is proud to produce the “Wizard of Oz” musical for the entire family. The History of the Wizard of Oz • From L. Frank Baum to the Big Screen The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a children’s novel written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W.W. Denslow. It was originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago in 1900, and has since been reprinted countless times, sometimes under the name The Wizard of Oz. Its initial success led to Baum’s writing and having published thirteen more Oz books. The earliest musical version of the book was produced by Baum and Denslow (with music by composer Paul Tietjens) in Chicago in 1902, and moved to New York in 1903. It used the same characters, and was aimed more at adult audiences. It had a long, successful run on Broadway. Baum added numerous additional political references to the script. For example, his actors specifically mention President Theodore Roosevelt, Senator Mark Hanna, and John D. Rockefeller by name. (Swartz, Before the Rainbow, pp 34, 47, 56) He wrote a version more faithful to the book in 1901, but it has never been produced. Although it included many of the same songs, it featured far fewer interpolations of other songs, which had nothing to do with the story than the 1902 version did. The earliest “Oz” film series were produced by Baum in 1908 and 1914 and twice featured the young silent film actress Mildred Harris. Another series that Baum had nothing to do with, aside from a contractual agreement, appeared in 1910, which may have featured Bebe Daniels as Dorothy. Larry Semon, in collaboration with Frank Joslyn Baum, created a rather well known but unsuccessful version in 1925. Early film versions of the book include a 1914 film produced by Baum himself entitled His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz, which incorporates several incidents from the book—the Scarecrow is first seen hanging on a pole, from which Dorothy rescues him, and the Tin Man is discovered standing rusted in the forest—and a 1925 film, Wizard of Oz, featuring Oliver Hardy as the Tin Woodsman. The most famous adaptation is the 1939 film, The Wizard of Oz, featuring Judy Garland as Dorothy. This, in turn, has been adapted into two separate stage productions, first by Frank Gabrielson, (who wrote the 1960 teleplay of The Land of Oz for Shirley Temple), and more recently by the Royal Shakespeare Company’s John Kane), but the first stage production, in 1902, used a score that is now forgotten, and not the one heard in the 1939 film, though there have been attempts, mostly in Florida by Constantine Grame, to revive it. The Wizard of Oz (1939) premiered at the Strand Theatre in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin on August 12, 1939 and Grauman’s Chinese Theater in Hollywood on August 15, 1939. The New York City premiere at Loew’s Capitol Theater on August 17, 1939 was followed by a live performance with Judy Garland and her frequent film co-star Mickey Rooney. They would continue to perform there after each screening for a week, extended in Rooney’s case for a second week and in Garland’s to three. The movie opened nationally on August 25, 1939. The film grossed approximately $3 million against production/distribution costs of $2.8 million in its initial release. It did not show what MGM considered a large profit until a 1949 re-release earned an additional $1.5 million. Beginning with the 1949 re-issue, and continuing until the film’s 50th Anniversary videocassette release in 1989, the Kansas sequences were printed and shown in ordinary black-and-white, not sepia, and so TV viewers saw them in black-and-white for more than thirty years. However, with the film’s fiftieth anniversary restoration, the sepia tone was brought back to the Kansas scenes, and beginning in 1990, the film was shown on television as originally released in 1939. The film was again re-released in 1955 in a widescreen 1.85:1 aspect ratio version, with portions of the top and the bottom of the film removed to produce the effect. The re-release trailer falsely claimed “every scene” from Baum’s novel was in the film, including “the rescue of Dorothy”, though there is no such incident in the novel. The film was first shown on television November 3, 1956 on CBS, as the last installment of the Ford Star Jubilee. It was shown in color (posters still exist advertising the broadcast, and they specifically say in color and black-and-white), but because most television sets then were not color sets, few members of the TV audience saw it that way. An estimated 45 million people watched the broadcast. However, it was not rerun until three years later. On December 13, 1959 the film was shown (again on CBS) as a two-hour Christmas season special, and at an earlier time, to an even larger audience. Encouraged by the response, CBS decided to make it an annual tradition, showing it every December from 1959 through 1962. The film was not shown in December of 1963 as might have been expected, perhaps due to the proximity of the John F. Kennedy assassination November 22, 1963. Others say that there was no room on the schedule, due to the fact that by then there were other Christmas specials on television, though not nearly as many as in later years (How the Grinch Stole Christmas, A Charlie Brown Christmas, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, Baryshnikov’s Nutcracker and Frosty the Snowman, among others, had yet to premiere, and the animation team of Rankin-Bass had not made their mark on Christmas TV specials yet. The only animated Christmas special shown in 1963 was Mr. Magoo’s Christmas Carol). Still, the film was shown very early in 1964, and the showings were therefore still only roughly a year apart. The January 1964 broadcast marked the end of the Christmas season showings, but The Wizard of Oz was nevertheless still televised only once a year for more than two decades. In the late 1960s, the film was bought for annual TV showings by NBC, but by 1976, it had reverted to CBS. It is now shown several times a year, on the Turner Classic Movies cable channel, Turner Network Television, and the TBS Superstation, often several times during the same week “in rotation” on these three channels. The Wizard of Oz became the first videocassette released by MGM/CBS Home Video in 1980; all current home video releases are by Warner Home Video (via current rights holder Turner Entertainment). The first laserdisc release of The Wizard of Oz was in 1989, with a second in 1993, and a final laserdisc release on September 11, 1996. The first DVD release of the film was on March 26, 1997, and contained no special features or supplements. It was re-released for its 60th Anniversary on October 19, 1999, with its soundtrack presented in a new 5.1 surround sound mix. The DVD also contained an extensive behind-the-scenes documentary: The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: The Making of a Movie Classic, produced in 1990 and hosted by Angela Lansbury. Despite being a one-disc release, outtakes, the deleted “Jitterbug” musical number, clips of pre-1939 Oz adaptations, trailers, newsreels and a portrait gallery were also included, as well as two radio programs of the era publicizing the film. In 2005, two new DVD editions were released, both featuring a newly restored version of the film with audio commentary and an isolated music and effects track. One of the two DVD releases was a 2-disc “deluxe edition”, featuring production documentaries, trailers, various outtakes, newsreels, radio shows, and still galleries. The other set, a 3-disc edition, included these features as well as complete copies of the 1925 silent film version of The Wizard of Oz and a 1933 animated short version. The Wiz was a hit musical with an all-black cast produced in the 1970s on Broadway; it was later made into a 1978 movie directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Diana Ross as Dorothy and Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow. One of the most recent adaptations of the novel is “Tin Man” which aired on the Scifi Channel on December 2nd – 4th 2007 in a 3 part miniseries. Oz the Great and Powerful is a 2013 American 3D live action and computer animated fantasy adventure film directed by Sam Raimi. The film is based on L. Frank Baum’s Oz novels and is a prequel to the 1939 MGM film. Set 20 years before the events of the original novel, Oz the Great and Powerful focuses on the origin of the Wizard of Oz, whose real name is revealed to be Oscar Diggs, and who arrives in the Land of Oz and encounters three witches: Theodora (the Wicked Witch of the West whose non-canon origin is elaborated upon), Evanora (the Wicked Witch of the East), and Glinda. Oscar is then enlisted to restore order in Oz, while struggling to resolve conflicts with the witches and himself. Oz the Great and Powerful premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on February 14, 2013, and with general theatrical release by Walt Disney Pictures on March 8, 2013, through the Disney Digital 3D, RealD 3D and IMAX 3D formats, as well as in conventional theatres. Despite mixed reviews, the film was a box office success, grossing $493 million worldwide in revenue; $234 million of which was earned in the United States and Canada. Like so many girls her age, little Dorothy Gale of Kansas dreams of what lies over the rainbow. One day a twister hits her farm and carries her away over the rainbow to another world. Come join Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tinman, the Cowardly Lion and Toto as they travel the universe of Dorothy’s imagination. SAAC is producing the script that uses as much of the aura of the film as is possible to create in a modern theatre. It is an adaption for live stage performance, even while it strives to look and sound just like the famous film, in telling the story. Originally presented by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Barbican Centre in London in 1987. The Wizard Of Oz (R.S.C. 1987) By L. Frank Baum With Music and Lyrics by Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg Background Music by Herbert Stothart Dance and Vocal Arrangements by Peter Howard Orchestration by Larry Wilcox Adapted by John Kane for the Royal Shakespeare Company Based upon the Classical Motion Picture owned by Turner Entertainment Co. and distributed in all media by Warner Bros. South Arkansas Arts Center	i don't know
Which noted French writer lived in exile in the Channel Islands from 1855-1870?	St. Peter Port, Guernsey Photos - Channel Islands Map, Europe Maps Andp Information - World Atlas St. Peter Port, Guernsey Photos - Channel Islands Map, Europe Maps andp Information Print this map St. Peter Port, Guernsey Positioned just off the coast of France within the English Channel, the beautiful Channel Islands, all British Crown dependencies, are fiercely independent and justifiably proud of their history and traditions. They are considered the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, and are not part of the United Kingdom. They include the two separate territories (or bailiwicks) of Guernsey and Jersey, both administered separately since the late 13th century. The islands are quite famous for their stoic resistance during German occupation in World War II, with remnants of that war still dotting the local landscape. Saint Peter Port is the capital of Guernsey as well as the main port in the islands. In fact, Guernsey's capital has been a busy port since Roman times. This small town has a number of interesting attractions and a fascinating history. With its cobbled streets and picturesque seafront marina, it is easy to see why St Peter Port is considered one of Europe's most attractive harbor towns. Victor Hugo, the French poet, playwright and novelist lived on Guernsey in exile for a number of years. In fact, while there, he wrote "Les Miserables." The town of St. Peter Port is built on hills and this is a look at some steps leading up one of the hills. This narrow pathway is named Constitution Way, and if you were to climb it, it would certainly challenge your constitution Born in Guernsey, Thomas de la Rue founded De La Rue plc, a company which is now the world's largest commercial security printer and papermaker. This is an island of colors, and local phone booths, mailboxes and buses are no exception. Traditional Fish & Chips served here. The island's namesake cow, the Guernsey, and the cheese produced from its milk has made the breed world famous Guernsey Island lives by and from the sea, and boats are everywhere; ferries, ocean-going tankers, sailboats and small rowboats cover the harbor. Cruise shops are common in the summer months. Tide movement is strong in the English Channel, and there are times of the day when all boats in the Guernsey Island harbor have no where to go, so they just sit in the mud until the tide rises. These are typical houses and rooftops on the island. I can see the French influence. The classic stone architecture of Guernsey's Salem Church. It stands in the middle of town, and is quite striking. Castle Cornet fronts St. Peter Port's harbor, and this ancient and historic castle is an imposing site. This is a slice of one of the outside walls. It was first fortified as a castle between 1206 and 1256 and served as the official residence of the Governor of Guernsey until 1672 when the keep was catastrophically destroyed. A bolt of lightning struck the magazine of the castle, destroying the keep and a number of living quarters. And of course...anywhere you have narrow, hilly roads in the UK, you will have sports cars. It's a given! Racing model boats is very popular on Guernsey Island, and on a large enclosed harbor side pool dozens and dozens of boats compete for bragging rights. These are two of the sailboats in the competition.	Victor Hugo
The ‘A’ represents ‘Amyotrophic’. For what do the L and the S stand?	Coach holidays to the Channel Islands 2017 \| Door2Tour.com Currency: Pound Sterling Time Zone: GMT Tipping: 10 to 12% is usual for hotels with 10 to 15% being usual for restaurants. In each case, it is not necessarily added to the bill. If a service charge has already been added, no further tip is required. Literally just a stone's throw away (8 miles) from the shores of Normandy and only 100 miles from the UK mainland, you will come across the beautiful Channel Islands, where French and British cultures combine creating wonderful holiday experiences for all who visit. You will discover on coach holidays to the Channel Islands that they are made up of five separate isles varying in size and popularity. Jersey and Guernsey are the largest followed by the smaller isles of Alderney, Sark and Herm – each providing a unique holiday experience for the discerning traveller. The most popular holiday destination when considering tours to the Channel Islands is of course Jersey with its magnificent coastline stretching for an eye watering 48 miles that's ideal for an abundance of activities from walking to cycling. The history of Jersey is fascinating, stretching back over thousands of years and represented via the Norman style farmhouses, narrow country lanes and French street names that you'll come across though your tour of discovery here. Jersey covers an area of only 45 square miles but this just adds to the appeal of the island from the grandeur of La Corbière to St Aubin's Bay, lush valleys, unspoilt coastline and the stunning Elizabeth Castle – there's plenty to keep everyone entertained on coach breaks to the Channel Islands. Another popular choice when considering coach tours of the Channel Islands is Guernsey, located in the Bay of St Malo just 30 miles off the French Coast. Guernsey is popular for its stunning scenery which is partly due to the fact that the Channel Islands receive more hours of sunshine than the UK meaning that a variety of plants and flowers thrive on the island that would otherwise perish in the harsh winters of the UK. This milder climate means that outdoor activities become a way of life for both islanders and tourists with stunning walking trails that encompass the magnificent coastline and where dining al fresco is the norm. St Peters Port is a mecca for visitors on coach holidays to Guernsey as it is considered by many to be one of the prettiest harbour towns in Europe, but you'll need comfy footwear to negotiate the cobbled streets before exploring the picturesque marina. The islands of Alderney, Herm and Sark are much smaller in size but are definitely worth visiting during your tour of the Channel Islands. Alderney is the perfect destination for a peaceful retreat from the rush of daily life as there are plenty of wide open spaces to truly escape and get back to nature. The mild climate provides fabulous opportunities to see a variety of wildflower as well as engaging in a spot of bird-watching. Whatever activity you wish to do, you won't have to travel far to achieve it! Herm is only 3 miles from the coast of Guernsey where you can really get away from it all as there are no cars and no crowds. Uncover unspoilt beaches, walk the coastal path and spot a variety of migratory birds that flock to the island. The last of the small islands is Sark where life is leisurely and no vehicles are allowed except tractors. Enjoy magnificent views from the headlands, dive in the tranquil clear waters and see what wildlife you can spot during your travels. Please note that Sark is closed to day-trippers on Sundays. You will find that the majority of escorted tours to the Channel Islands will include travel by air or ferry and upon arrival you will be met by the coach that will take you to your hotel and will be used for the various excursions (if your tour includes these). The board basis is usually dinner, bed and breakfast. Just remember that although the islands will accept Pounds Sterling in payment, you will not be able to use Guernsey Pounds in the UK! To help you have an enjoyable holiday on the Channel Islands, take a look at these useful tips and advice provided by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO): Tourist Office Health and Travel Insurance British Citizens are advised by some of our tour operators to have travel insurance before going on a tour or holiday, even if it happens to be in your country of residence. As a British citizen you will be entitled to free emergency health care on the NHS. If you are visiting England from outside the United Kingdom and fall ill or are involved in an accident and are from any member of the European Economic Area or Switzerland, you can obtain free or reduced cost treatment with The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC). Comprehensive travel insurance is advised for all other nationals planning on visiting the England. If you need to contact the emergency services whilst in England simply dial 999 or 112 to ask for an ambulance. Crime Most destinations are generally trouble-free, however as with all places that you are not familiar with, keep an eye on your belongings and if necessary lock them away somewhere safe back at your hotel if possible. Keep an eye on everyone in your party and do not go off with people you do not know. Buy your own drinks and keep sight of them at all times. Be aware of your surroundings and don’t venture off on your own. Local Laws and Customs Queuing is a British Institution - jump a queue at your own risk! Drug offences will carry penalties in the UK, so avoid getting involved with anything whilst in England. Please note the narcotic plant Khat/Qat is legal in the UK, but is not in a majority of other countries so never try to export this when leaving the UK. If you are visiting England from outside of the United Kingdom it is wise to check customs requirements before you travel. If you are planning to bring alcohol, tobacco or souvenirs into the country, you need to be familiar with England's custom laws. For those people coming to England from the EU, you are allowed to bring an unlimited amount of most goods for your own use without paying tax or duty. This website will be useful before you travel: hmrc.gov.uk/customs/arriving/arrivingeu.htm However, if you are travelling to England from outside of the EU, you are given an allowance of how much alcohol, tobacco, perfume, souvenirs and other goods. If you go above this allowance you may have to pay tax or duty. It is worth checking the HM Revenues and Customs websites before you travel for full details: hmrc.gov.uk/customs/arriving/arrivingnoneu.htm Entry Requirements When travelling between the UK, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man in most cases an official form of identification such as a Driver's License will be ok. However, some airlines will insist you show a passport so check before you travel. If you are travelling to England from Australia, Canada or the USA, you must have a valid passport for at least three months beyond the length of your stay. EU nationals need to have either a valid passport or identity card. Visas for the UK are not required by those travelling from Australia, Canada, USA or EU for stays of up to six months. Any other nationality looking to visit the UK must contact the local embassy to check visa requirements. Tourist offices: For further information on the Channel Islands please go to the Official Tourism Website: visitchannelislands.com/ There's plenty of things to do and see whilst in the Channel Islands, here are just a few examples: The Guernsey Tapestry Many consider this tapestry, that depicts over 1000 years of history as exquisite, and provides a fabulous insight to what life was once like on the island. The tapestry is made up of 10 embroidered panels and visitors will find out more via the audio guide as they wander around this purpose-built gallery. Hauteville House, Guernsey This is where the famous French writer, Victor Hugo, spent 14 years in exile. He personally decorated the property in between writing his literary masterpieces. You can have a guided tour of the house (in French or English) but these are by appointment only and will generally last one hour. La Corbière, Jersey Due to the rugged coastline, it was deemed too dangerous for shipping, so in 1874 the Corbière Lighthouse was first lit. This is a popular spot for both tourists and visitors alike as it provides excellent views and the sunsets here are stunning. Noirmont Point, Jersey A permanent war memorial on the headland near to Portelet Bay where the bunkers and emplacements have been maintained by the Channel Islands Occupation Society since 1977 making it a safe place for the public to visit. Please note that L 'Ouaisnè, which surrounds Noirmont Point, is a protected area so you must keep to the pathways.	i don't know
Which former US President accepted the challenge on August 21st?	George Bush Challenges Bill Clinton To Ice Bucket Challenge : NPR George Bush Challenges Bill Clinton To Ice Bucket Challenge Embed Embed George Bush Challenges Bill Clinton To Ice Bucket Challenge George Bush Challenges Bill Clinton To Ice Bucket Challenge Embed Embed Heard on Morning Edition Former President George W. Bush declined the ice water and was going to write a check to the ALS charity. But instead, former first lady Laura Bush doused him. Bush then challenged Clinton. DAVID GREENE, HOST: Good morning. I'm David Greene. Former president George W. Bush has responded to the Ice Bucket Challenge. (SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "TODAY SHOW") PRESIDENT GEORGE W. BUSH: I do not think it's presidential for me to be splashed with ice water. So I'm simply going to write you a check. GREENE: But, then former first lady Laura Bush raised a bucket. BUSH: (Water splashing) Ow. GREENE: Of course, then he had to mark someone else for dousing. President Obama already declined the challenge so President Bush picked Bill Clinton. You're listening to MORNING EDITION. Copyright © 2014 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc. , an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.	George W. Bush
Which Canadian/US actress declined the challenge because of ALS’s testing on animals?	NASA - Ten Presidents and NASA Ten Presidents and NASA By John M. Logsdon In NASA’s 50-year history, 10 men have held the office of president of the United States. Because the president and his staff set NASA’s agenda and request the budget resources needed to carry it out, the White House has had great influence over the content and pace of the nation’s civilian space efforts. Congress must approve or modify the president’s space initiatives and budget proposals, but historically lawmakers have made only minor changes to what the president has proposed. The occupants of the White House since 1958 often have closely identified their offices with NASA, sometimes in very personal ways. John F. Kennedy and his brother Robert became friends with astronaut John Glenn, and Richard Nixon thought it was important for American society in a time of cultural tumult to have heroes such as astronauts. However, the main driver of presidential activity on space was national policy. From Dwight D. Eisenhower’s insistence that NASA be a civilian agency, to Kennedy’s challenge to Congress and the nation to fund the first human moon landing to enhance America’s global political standing, to George W. Bush’s proposal that America lead the way in setting up an outpost on the moon and send explorers to Mars, space has been an important, even if not central, element of the modern presidency. Each president has made his own contribution to that history. Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953-1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower approved the first U.S. space mission in 1955, a scientific satellite to be launched as part of the 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year. He also made the key decisions that led to the creation of NASA in 1958 as the United States debated how best to respond to the surprise Soviet launch of Sputnik on Oct. 4, 1957. Eisenhower initially dismissed the Soviet feat as “one small ball in the air.” While he was correct that Sputnik did not pose an imminent threat to U.S. security, he misjudged the short-term public reaction and was unable to calm American fears. The president’s first inclination was to have all U.S. space efforts, including those of a civilian character, managed by the Department of Defense. He was convinced, however, by his science advisor James Killian and Vice President Richard M. Nixon that it made more sense to create a separate civilian space agency to carry out an open program of scientific activities and to engage in international cooperation. This would provide a contrast to the closed and secretive Soviet space effort. Eisenhower put a very high priority on initiating a highly classified reconnaissance satellite effort, and having a civilian agency active in space also could serve as a way of lessening attention on U.S. national security space efforts. Based on these considerations, Eisenhower in April 1958 proposed the creation of what became NASA and signed the legislation creating the new agency on July 29 of the same year. Eisenhower wanted to limit the new agency’s ambitions; he did not want to create another large bureaucracy competing for a share of government funds. He agreed to transfer Department of Defense facilities and capabilities needed to carry out NASA’s missions. Most notable were the Army’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the German rocket team, led by Wernher von Braun and based at the Army Ballistic Missile Agency. He also gave NASA the assignment of carrying out what became Project Mercury, a research effort aiming at learning whether it was possible to send a human into orbit. It was Eisenhower who dictated that the first group of astronauts come from the ranks of military pilots, the group he felt best prepared to take on the rigors of spaceflight. But he refused various proposals to enter into a “space race” with the Soviet Union, stressing that while NASA could give priority to specific space efforts the United States could carry out before the Soviet Union, the primary justification for such efforts had to be their intrinsic military, scientific or technological value. When Eisenhower learned in the last months of his presidency that NASA was thinking about sending people to the moon as part of its long-range plan, he was strong in his view that such a use of public resources could not be justified. As Eisenhower left office in January 1961, NASA did not have a clear view of its future. John F. Kennedy, 1961-1963 John F. Kennedy will no doubt be remembered as the U.S. leader who in 1961 asked the country to commit to sending Americans to the moon “before this decade is out.” But Kennedy’s attitude toward the space program was complex. He entered the White House thinking space could be an area for tension-reducing cooperation with the Soviet Union, and he never gave up that hope even as he approved the peaceful mobilization of the substantial human and financial resources needed to meet the lunar landing goal he had proposed. At his June 3-4, 1961 summit meeting in Vienna with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, Kennedy suggested, “Why don’t we do it together?” After first responding positively, the next day Khrushchev reportedly said “no,” on the grounds that an agreement on disarmament must come first. One positive development of the Vienna summit came when Jacqueline Kennedy talked to Khrushchev about the Soviet space effort at a state dinner. She innocently asked if the premier could send her one of the puppies of a dog that the Soviets had flown in orbit. According to Kennedy advisor Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., two months later “two nervous Russians came with Ambassador Menshikov into the Oval Office at the White House bearing a terrified small dog. The president said, “How did this dog get here?” His wife said, “I’m afraid I asked Khrushchev for it in Vienna. I was just running out of things to say.” Near the end of his presidency, Kennedy returned to the idea of superpower cooperation in space. Speaking before the United Nations on Sept. 20, 1963, he proposed “a joint expedition to the moon” and asked, “why should man’s first flight to the moon be a matter of national competition?” However much he might have wished to cooperate, Kennedy in 1961 had set the United States on a course to enter, and win, a race to the moon. This decision came in the aftermath of the huge global and domestic reaction to the April 12, 1961 Soviet launch of the first human to orbit Earth, Yuri Gagarin. Eight days later, Kennedy asked for a crash review to identify a “space program which promises dramatic results in which we could win.” As part of the crash review that the president had ordered, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson met with, among others, Wernher von Braun. After that meeting, von Braun wrote a letter saying of a moon landing goal, “We have a sporting chance. With an all-out crash program I think we could accomplish this objective in 1967-68.” Johnson quickly reported this judgment to Kennedy, and in effect the die was cast. On May 25, 1961, Kennedy addressed a joint session of Congress to announce his decision to go to the moon. He backed up this decision with remarkable financial commitments. In the immediate aftermath of his speech, NASA’s budget was increased by 89 percent, and by another 101 percent the following year. To carry out Apollo, NASA became the large engineering organization centered on developing capabilities for human space flight that it is today. Kennedy was particularly drawn to the astronauts, who became popular symbols of an administration that embraced the New Frontier. John Glenn was a frequent visitor to the Kennedys' Hyannisport, Mass., compound, where he water skied with Jacqueline Kennedy and successfully lobbied the president on behalf of the astronauts' right to sell their exclusive stories to Life magazine. When Glenn’s Friendship Seven mission launched Feb. 20, 1962 on live national television Kennedy watched raptly along with millions of his fellow countrymen. Kennedy had a deep commitment to the political goal of beating the Soviets, but privately lacked a visionary interest in space, despite his often stirring public rhetoric (“We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard”). This contradiction is apparent in a tape recording of a White House meeting that occurred Nov. 21, 1962. The recording, released in 2001 by the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston, documents Kennedy fending off the concerns of NASA Administrator James Webb that the United States risked a very public failure in its push to achieve the lunar landing goal. Webb asserted that we should have broader goals in space activities. “This is, whether we like it or not a race,” Kennedy said. "Everything we do [in space] ought to be tied into getting to the moon ahead of the Russians.” Kennedy told Webb that winning the moon race “is the top priority of the agency and except for defense, the top priority of the United States government. Otherwise, we shouldn’t be spending this kind of money, because I’m not that interested in space.” After the United States forced the Soviet Union to remove nuclear missiles from Cuba, Kennedy started to believe there was a possibility of less tense relations between the two countries. His 1963 proposal for a joint mission to the moon was likely a product of that belief. With the possibility of superpower confrontation diminished, he could return to his original concept of space as an arena for enhanced cooperation between the superpowers. That possibility quickly disappeared with Kennedy’s assassination on Nov. 22, 1963. What might have happened to Apollo and NASA overall, had Kennedy spent another five years in the White House, can only be a matter of speculation. We know the public’s association of the space program with Kennedy was so strong that six days after Kennedy was assassinated, the new president, Lyndon Johnson, announced in a nationwide television address that the NASA center from which our moon voyagers would launch would be named in Kennedy’s honor. (NASA’s Manned Spacecraft Center was named in Johnson’s honor in 1973, shortly after his death.) A less grand but very fitting tribute to the assassinated president took place on the evening of July 20, 1969, when an anonymous citizen placed a small bouquet of flowers on the Kennedy gravesite at Arlington National Cemetery with a note that read, “Mr. President, the Eagle has landed.” Lyndon B. Johnson, 1963-1969 Lyndon Johnson remarked to journalist Walter Cronkite in a 1969 interview, “I think I spent more time in the space field … up to ’63 than I did after I became president.” As Senate majority leader, Johnson led the congressional push to quickly approve the legislation that brought NASA into being. As vice president, Johnson played an important role in defining and overseeing the lunar landing effort and other Kennedy space initiatives. He pushed hard for the decision to go to the moon, writing in a memo to the president, “This country should be realistic and recognize that other nations, regardless of their appreciation of our idealistic values, will tend to align themselves with the country which they believe will be the world leader – the winner in the long run. Dramatic accomplishments in space are being identified as a major indicator of world leadership.” Early in his presidency, on March 23, 1965, in a private phone conversation with Senator John McClellan (D-AR), Johnson spoke of his continued commitment to the lunar goal: “We hope it works out all right,” said Johnson. “We got a long ways to go. These boys [the Soviets] are kind of running rings around us, but we don’t get hot until we get real behind and then we start looking for somebody to make a scapegoat out of … but … we think we got a fair chance to keep up with these people by ’70.” McClellan responded, “We should keep up.” Johnson added, “Oh, this research is the most important thing we can do. John, 75 percent of the things we will be making 25 years from now we have never heard of now. That’s how fast the world changes.” In addition to recognizing the benefits of our space efforts, Johnson deftly worked to obtain passage of the U.N. Outer Space Treaty, which was based on principles first enunciated by the United States while Kennedy was president. The treaty bars the placement of nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction in space, limits the use of the moon and other celestial bodies to peaceful purposes, and forbids any government from claiming a celestial body, because they are the common heritage of mankind. The treaty was ready for signature in Washington, D.C., London and Moscow on Jan. 27, 1967, the evening the Apollo 1 fire took the lives of astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee. As his presidency progressed, Johnson’s administration became focused on his Great Society programs, dealing with urban violence, and most of all, the growing involvement in the Vietnam War, which ultimately would drive Johnson from office. Feeling shackled by the growing costs and unpopularity of the U.S. commitment to the war, Johnson once visited the Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, where the Saturn boosters were assembled; while there, he told astronaut Wally Schirra, “It’s too bad. We have this great capability, but instead of taking advantage of it, we’ll probably just piss it away.” Johnson did, however, remain committed to meeting the goal of landing on the moon before 1970, and provided the budgetary and political support needed. When the Apollo 1 accident occurred in January 1967, his support for NASA never wavered. He allowed the space agency to lead the accident investigation and to take the steps needed to get Apollo back on track. However, Johnson was unwilling to approve significant funding of any major programs to follow Apollo. As a result, the NASA budget during the final years of his presidency began a precipitous downward slide, and decisions were made not to order additional Apollo hardware, such as the Saturn V moon rocket. By the time he left office in January 1969, NASA was on the brink of accomplishing the goal set out for it almost eight years earlier, but the agency had no sense of what it would be asked to do once it had taken Americans to the moon. In a final ironic footnote to the Johnson presidency, he sent, as a goodwill gesture to all world leaders, the famous Earthrise photo taken on Christmas Eve 1968 from lunar orbit by Apollo 8 astronaut William Anders. To his great surprise, Johnson received back a small thank-you card written in French from the leader who had most tormented the aspirations of his presidency, North Vietnamese president Ho Chi Minh. Richard M. Nixon, 1969-1974 Richard Nixon was in the White House, sitting with Chief of Staff Robert Haldeman and astronaut Frank Borman, when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon on July 20, 1969. History records that he simply clapped and said, “Hooray,” when Armstrong stepped on to the lunar surface. Nixon was acutely aware of the importance of the moon landing to U.S. prestige in the world. He made remarks via a phone hookup to the moon-walking astronauts, saying, “As you talk to us from the Sea of Tranquility, it inspires us to redouble our efforts to bring peace and tranquility to Earth.” These words underscored his view that U.S. leadership in space was part of U.S. leadership in global diplomacy. Following the moon walk, Nixon flew to the Pacific to greet the Apollo 11 astronauts aboard the USS Hornet after their return to Earth on July 24, 1969. That November, Nixon became the first president to attend a space launch, the successful liftoff of the Apollo 12 crew, which began inauspiciously when the Saturn V rocket was struck by lightning shortly after liftoff. The tremendous feeling of national triumph following the first moon landings was fleeting, however, and Nixon rejected NASA’s ambitious post-Apollo plans, which included developing a series of large space stations, continued missions to the moon, and an initial mission to Mars in the 1980s. In a March 7, 1970 statement, he set out a policy for space that has been in effect ever since: “We must think of [space activities] as part of a continuing process and not as a series of separate leaps, each requiring a massive concentration of energy. Space expenditures must take their proper place within a rigorous system of national priorities. ” Less than two months later, however, Nixon joined Americans in praying for the safe return of the Apollo 13 astronauts. He flew to Hawaii to greet the returning crew and awarded astronauts James Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert the Medal of Freedom. “Greatness comes not simply in triumph but in adversity,” Nixon said. “It has been said that adversity introduces a man to himself.” By the time Nixon left the White House, the NASA budget had fallen from its peak of almost 4 percent of the total federal budget to less than 1 percent. It has remained at that lower level for the last 30 plus years. At that level, NASA decided it could not continue to operate the systems it had developed for Apollo and closed down the production lines for the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V rocket while also cancelling three lunar missions – Apollo 18, 19 and 20. Nixon rejected, however, ending the U.S. human spaceflight program, and against the advice of many of his technical and budgetary advisers in January 1972, approved the development of a new crew-carrying vehicle, the space shuttle. Some in Nixon’s Office of Management and Budget sought to make design changes for cost-cutting reasons. There also were Air Force requirements that the shuttle be able to launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., and be able to maneuver upon reentry so that it could land at or near the same location from which it had been launched; these requirements added technical complexity to the shuttle design. Politics also played a part, with Nixon wanting to boost his reelection prospects in 1972 by reassuring aerospace workers, especially in electoral vote-rich California, that the new shuttle program would protect their jobs. NASA told the president the shuttle would be capable of routine and affordable space launches and operations. He replied, “Men are flying in space now and will continue to fly in space, and we’d best be a part of it.” Nixon met on Jan. 5, 1972 with NASA Administrator James Fletcher and Deputy Administrator George Low to announce the final shuttle decision at his western White House in San Clemente, Calif. At that meeting, according to one account, Nixon “stated that NASA should stress civilian applications but should not hesitate to note the military uses as well. He showed interest in the possibility of routine operations and quick reaction times, for he saw that these could allow the shuttle to help in disasters such as earthquakes or floods. He also liked the idea of using the shuttle to dispose of nuclear waste by launching it into space. Fletcher mentioned that it might become possible to collect solar power in orbit and beam it to Earth in the form of electricity. Nixon replied that such developments tend to happen much more quickly than people expect, and that they should not hesitate to talk about them. He liked the fact that ordinary people, who would not be highly-trained astronauts, would be able to fly in the shuttle.” By deciding the priority of space efforts had to be considered along other demands on the federal budget, and by approving of space shuttle development, Nixon laid the foundation for NASA’s efforts for the next three decades, a period characterized by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board as “straining to do too much with too little.” Gerald R. Ford, 1974-1977 During his three years as president following Nixon’s resignation, Gerald Ford gave limited attention to space issues. He was a supporter of NASA, hailing all the way back to his congressional service on the House Select Committee on Astronautics and Space Exploration, which helped draft the 1958 Space Act. In July 1975, Ford celebrated the successful Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission, predicting “the day is not far off when space missions made possible by this first joint effort will be more or less commonplace.” He also saluted the landings of the twin Viking robotic explorers on Mars, saying on the occasion of the first landing on July 20, 1976, “Our achievements in space represent not only the height of technological skill, they also reflect the best in our country – our character, the capacity for creativity and sacrifice, and a willingness to reach into the unknown.” Later in 1976, he approved the simultaneous development of the two large space science missions that became the Hubble Space Telescope and the Galileo mission to Jupiter. Jimmy Carter, 1977-1981 Jimmy Carter was perhaps the least supportive of U.S. human space efforts of any president in the last half-century, but as a trained engineer, he took a strong interest in the developments in planetary exploration that occurred on his watch. A presidential statement of space policy issued in October 1978 said, “Our space policy will become more evolutionary rather than centering around a single, massive engineering feat. Pluralistic objectives and needs of our society will set the course for future space efforts.” One issue that persisted throughout the Carter administration was the appropriate number of space shuttle orbiters to build, and the future of the shuttle program overall. NASA argued five orbiters were needed to provide enough capability for the many missions it anticipated. Carter decided to approve construction of only four along with “structural spares” for a fifth vehicle. (Those spare parts were used a decade later to build a replacement orbiter after the Challenger accident.) In 1979, Carter considered terminating the Space Shuttle Program, given its technical and schedule problems. He was advised, however, that the program was too far along to make such a move productive and the shuttle was needed to launch reconnaissance satellites required to verify arms control agreements – a top Carter priority. Based on these considerations, he decided to continue the program. Carter had hoped the first shuttle launch would occur during his term in office, but it slipped to April 1981. In 1977, Carter contributed a message to the golden phonograph records placed on the twin Voyager spacecraft, which now are traveling in interstellar space. The message stated: We cast this message into the cosmos. It is likely to survive a billion years into our future, when our civilization is profoundly altered and the surface of the Earth may be vastly changed. Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy, some – perhaps many – may have inhabited planets and spacefaring civilizations. If one such civilization intercepts Voyager and can understand these recorded contents, here is our message: ‘This is a present from a small distant world, a token of our sounds, our science, our images, our music, our thoughts, and our feelings. We are attempting to survive our time so that we may live into yours. We hope someday, having solved the problems we face, to join a community of galactic civilizations. This record represents our hope and our determination, and our good will in a vast and awesome universe.’ Journalist Hugh Sidey wrote in 1978 that while being briefed by the late astronomer Carl Sagan about planetary exploration, Carter, “eyes bright with the sense of adventure, urged that any new missions to Mars seek out mountains and valleys and old volcanoes instead of staying on the more level or gently rolling surfaces.” Carter took the occasion of NASA’s 20th birthday on Oct. 1, 1978, to visit the Kennedy Space Center and bestow the first Congressional Space Medals of Honor on astronauts Neil Armstrong, Frank Borman, Pete Conrad, John Glenn, Alan Shepard and Betty Grissom, the wife of astronaut Gus Grissom. In his remarks that day, Carter said, “Like the sea, the land, and the air, space will become an environment in which human beings can live and work for the welfare of their species.” Carter concluded his remarks by stating, “In the last analysis, the challenge of space takes us very close to the heart of things. It brings us face to face with the mysteries of creation, matter, energy, and life. The men we honor today met that challenge, and were equal to it. Our nation met that challenge, and was equal to it. And in the final two decades of the 20th century, America will reach out once more to the beauty and mystery of space. And, once more, America will be equal to the task.” Ronald W. Reagan, 1981-1989 Ronald Reagan, throughout his eight years in office, gave NASA and the civilian space program strong rhetorical support, and his words comforted a distraught nation in the aftermath of the Jan. 28, 1986 Challenger accident. Following the tragedy, Reagan authorized a presidential commission, chaired by former Secretary of State William Rogers, to investigate the disaster. There were 24 space shuttle flights prior to the Challenger accident. For the first flight of Columbia, designated STS-1 (April 12-14, 1981), and piloted by astronauts John Young and Robert Crippen, Reagan watched the launch from the Lincoln Bedroom in the White House, where he had just returned the previous day after recovering from an assassination attempt. According to author Richard Reeves, “Reagan was thrilled, and he loved seeing NASA scientists and technicians at Houston Control waving small American flags when the launch was declared a success.” On the Fourth of July, 1982, Reagan was at Edwards Air Force Base in California to watch the landing of the fourth shuttle mission; he greeted Columbia crew members Thomas Mattingly and Henry Hartsfield and watched as the second shuttle orbiter Challenger, on top of its carrier aircraft, took off on its initial journey to the Kennedy Space Center for a launch later in 1982. The president overruled most of his advisers and gave NASA his approval to develop a space station. NASA had sought that approval 15 years earlier and been forced to wait until the space shuttle was flying on a regular basis. Reagan announced his approval in the most public way possible, during his Jan. 25, 1984 State of the Union address. “A space station will permit quantum leaps in our research in science, communications, in metals, and in lifesaving medicines which could be manufactured only in space,” Reagan said. In the same speech, he also indicated the United States would invite its allies to participate in the space station program. International cooperation in space had been given a boost during the Nixon administration, and Europe and Canada had made useful contributions to the Space Shuttle Program. But by inviting others to participate from the start in defining, developing, and using the space station, Reagan made U.S. leadership through cooperation a central feature of NASA’s activities. In the early years of his administration, he had characterized the Soviet Union as an “evil empire,” but in his final years in office, Reagan discussed large-scale space cooperation with Soviet President Mikail Gorbachev. During the Reagan administration, there was a great deal of emphasis on space as an arena for commercial activities. In response, NASA created an Office of Commercial Programs and intensified its efforts to assist those who saw profit-making potential in various forms of space activities. Reagan was slated to give another State of the Union address on Jan. 28, 1986, the day that the Challenger accident occurred. As reported by author Richard Reeves, he was in the Oval Office, talking with his press aide Larry Speakes, about an upcoming lunch with network news anchors. “Suddenly, his door burst open, and Vice President Bush came in, followed closely by the new National Security Council director, John Poindexter, and Pat Buchanan [communications aide]. Bush began to speak, but he was interrupted by Buchanan saying: ‘Sir, the Challenger just blew up!’ ‘Oh, no!’ the president said, dropping his face into his right hand.” As Reagan watched the news coverage, wrote Reeves, “Somebody asked whether it had been wise to have a citizen, the teacher, Christa McAuliffe, on board. ‘They’re all citizens,’ [National Security Council] spokesperson Karna Small wrote as Reagan talked. ‘That is the last frontier, the most important, the space program has been most successful. We’ve become so confident that this comes as such a shock.’” Reagan then was asked, ‘what can we tell the children?’ He responded, ‘Pioneers have always given their lives on the frontier. The problem is that it’s more of a shock to all as we see it happening, not just hear something miles away – but we must make it clear that life goes on.’ Reagan’s thoughts were translated into the speech he gave to the nation that afternoon, in which he said, “We’re still pioneers. The Challenger crew were pulling us into the future, and we’ll continue to follow them … We’ll continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. Nothing ends here.” After the Challenger accident, however, Reagan decided to prohibit the use of the space shuttle to launch commercial communication satellites. The shuttle returned to flight with the STS-26 mission of Discovery (Sept. 29-Oct. 3, 1988), as the Reagan administration wound to a close. George H.W. Bush, 1989-1993 As George Bush took office in January 1989, there was a widespread sense in the space community that NASA needed a new, challenging goal to complete its recovery from the Challenger accident and put it on a positive path for the future. Bush agreed with this belief, and asked his vice president, Dan Quayle, to prepare a major new space initiative. Bush announced what became known as the Space Exploration Initiative in a speech on July 20, 1989, the 20th anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing. He called for “a long-range, continuing commitment. First, for the coming decade, for the 1990s: Space Station Freedom, our critical next step in all our space endeavors. And next, for the new century: Back to the moon; back to the future. And this time, back to stay. And then a journey into tomorrow, a journey to another planet: a manned mission to Mars.” Added Bush: “Why the moon? Why Mars? Because it is humanity’s destiny to strive, to seek, to find. And because it is America’s destiny to lead. From the voyages of Columbus – to the Oregon Trail – to the journey to the moon itself – history proves that we have never lost by pressing the limits of our frontiers.” The Bush administration spent much of its remaining time in office trying to find a way to get this space exploration proposal accepted by the Democratic majority in Congress and by the general public. Even some in the NASA leadership were skeptical of adding a program to return to the moon to NASA’s existing tasks of flying the space shuttle and developing a space station. By the time that Bush left the White House, the Space Exploration Initiative was dead. Another presidential initiative, the Mission to Planet Earth – to use a network of Earth observing satellites to understand the dynamics of global climate change -- has proved to be a more lasting legacy. Disappointed by NASA’s reaction to the president’s 1989 exploration proposals and by the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope with a misshapen mirror, the White House in 1990 commissioned a searching overall assessment of NASA that was headed by aerospace industry executive Norman Augustine. It concluded that “NASA is currently overcommitted in terms of program obligations relative to resources available – in short, it is trying to do too much.” The Bush administration proposed significant budget increases for NASA in response to this observation. However, Bush was persuaded NASA would not change for the better under its current management, and in early 1992, he replaced NASA Administrator Richard Truly with Daniel Goldin, who had spent most of his career working on national security space programs. Goldin vowed to bring a “faster, better, cheaper” approach to NASA’s programs. Bill Clinton, 1993-2001 Space was not a high priority during the eight years of the Clinton administration. While other areas of government activity saw significant increases in budget over those eight years, NASA’s budget actually decreased during the time that Bill Clinton was president, and NASA struggled to carry out the missions assigned to it. When he entered the White House in January 1993, President Clinton was advised by his budget director that he should cancel the space station program, which was well behind schedule and over budget. Instead, Clinton accepted a proposal from NASA Administrator Dan Goldin, who had been kept on during the change in administrations, and his Russian counterparts. Goldin proposed the existing space station, named Freedom during the Reagan administration, be redesigned in a way that would combine U.S. and Russian-built elements. Goldin promised schedule and budget savings from the redesign. But what was of more interest to Clinton and his vice president, Al Gore, were the positive political and non-proliferation impacts of a joint Russian-U.S. space project. By the end of 1993, Russia had become a full partner in a renamed International Space Station, together with Europe, Japan and Canada. In his Jan. 25, 1994 State of the Union address, Clinton emphasized the subject of international space cooperation, saying, “This is a promising moment. Instead of building weapons in space, Russian scientists will help us build the International Space Station.” As the space station was being developed, U.S. space shuttles flew to the Russian space station Mir. This cooperation had begun during the final year of the Bush administration, but was greatly expanded after 1993. Clinton was on hand in Houston to greet astronaut Shannon Lucid after she returned from 179 days aboard Mir. Clinton also was present on Oct. 29, 1998 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center to watch John Glenn’s return to space with the launch of the space shuttle Discovery. In November 2000, after several years of schedule delays, a joint Russian-American crew began living on the International Space Station, and there have been people aboard the station ever since. There were several unsuccessful initiatives during the Clinton administration to develop a replacement for the space shuttle as a way of carrying humans and cargo into space. Most notable was the X-33 single-stage-to-orbit program, which pushed the limits of technological readiness and ultimately was canceled without a test flight. In August 1996, several NASA scientists announced that they had found what might be traces of primitive bacterial life in a meteorite of Martian origin. In reaction to this announcement, Clinton held an impromptu press conference on the White House south lawn and said, “I am determined that the American space program will put its full intellectual power and technological prowess behind the search for further evidence of life on Mars.” He added, “I have asked the vice president to convene at the White House before the end of the year a bipartisan space summit on the future of America’s space program. A significant purpose of this summit will be to discuss how America should pursue answers to the scientific questions raised by this finding.” This summit was indeed held in December 1996, but it resulted in little change to either NASA’s programs or its budget. George W. Bush, 2001-present In the years since the first astronaut crew has lived aboard it, the International Space Station has continued to have budget and management problems. The Bush administration entered office in January 2001, and by midyear, the White House had put the program on probation, with no guarantee its assembly would proceed as planned. This decision angered the station partners. Rather than being a foreign policy asset, the space station program was in danger of becoming a foreign policy problem. Dan Goldin, who had stayed on during the first year of the Bush administration, thereby becoming the longest-serving NASA administrator, left the job in November 2001. The White House replaced him with one of its top budget officials, Sean O’Keefe. O’Keefe was working to restore effective management control over the space station program and set out a new vision for the rest of NASA when the space shuttle orbiter Columbia broke apart during reentry on Feb. 1, 2003, killing the seven astronauts aboard. In his memorial speech for the astronauts given at the Johnson Space Center, Bush said, “The cause of exploration and discovery is not an option we choose; it is a desire written in the human heart. We are that part of creation which seeks to understand all creation. We find the best among us, send them forth into unmapped darkness, and pray they will return. They go in peace for all mankind, and all mankind is in their debt.” In contrast to the Challenger tragedy, the White House did not establish a presidential commission to investigate the accident. Instead, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board was chartered by NASA, but operated independently of the agency. In its August 2003 report, the board noted that there had been “a failure of national leadership” in not replacing the aging space shuttle and, more fundamentally, in not providing a “strategic vision” to guide U.S. civilian space activities. This observation served as a catalyst for Bush and his advisers. By the end of September, the White House had decided to put forth just the kind of strategic vision the board had suggested. Bush announced new space exploration plans in a speech at NASA Headquarters on Jan. 14, 2004. Key to the new vision was the intent to “implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore the solar system and beyond,” with the goal of extending our “human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations.” The president also announced the space shuttle would not fly after 2010, at which time the assembly of the International Space Station would be completed, and a new spacecraft, named the crew exploration vehicle, would be developed to take people into orbit and eventually to the moon. Sean O’Keefe left the job of NASA administrator in March 2005. The White House selected as his replacement Michael Griffin, a multi-degreed engineer committed to implementing the vision laid out by Bush. In choosing Griffin for the job, the president sent to NASA a talented individual perhaps uniquely qualified to lead the agency toward the new exploration vision. Conclusion The 10 presidents who have led the United States since NASA was created each have had an impact on the nation’s civilian space efforts. With the new emphasis on space exploration as the overriding goal for NASA, the question is whether future presidents will agree with that emphasis. When Kennedy set a lunar landing “before this decade is out” as a national goal in 1961, he was advised there was a reasonable possibility the first landing could happen in 1967 or 1968, when he planned to still be president. By contrast, the exploration plan set out in 2004 by George W. Bush is fundamentally open-ended. Even its first major goal, a return to the moon by 2020, will not occur until at least two more presidents have followed Bush to the Oval Office. His plan presents both a challenge and an opportunity to those presidents yet to be chosen. Will they agree with the long term goal of extending human presence across the solar system? Or will they ask NASA to go in a different direction? Only time will tell.	i don't know

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