Datasets:

cfli
/

ssss

Dataset card Data Studio Files Files and versions Community

Split (1)

train · 73.3k rows

question stringlengths 18 1.2k	facts stringlengths 44 500k	answer stringlengths 1 147
The 'Chelsea Flower Show' is held in which month (a) May (b) June or (c) July?	London - Chelsea Flower Show - Photos of the week - The week in pictures - May 21-27, 2016 - Pictures - CBS News West Point cadet in tears The most compelling images from the week's news, May 21-27, 2016. Soon-to-be pinned 2nd Lt. Alix Schoelcher Idrache, with his face covered in tears, looks back at the crowd during the commencement ceremony at the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, May 21, 2016. In seven years, Indrache went from speaking basic English in a working class neighborhood in Port-au-Prince to graduating from one of the most prestigious military and educational institutions in the United States. This July, Idrache will enter the Army Aviation Center for Excellence at Fort Rucker, Alabama, as West Point's top-ranking graduate this year in physics. This July, Alix train to be a pilot at Fort Rucker, Alabama, as West Point's top-ranking graduate this year in physics. By CBSNews.com Senior Photo Editor Radhika Chalasani Credit: Staff Sgt Vito T. Bryant/Army London - Chelsea Flower Show The stigma of a Meconopsis 'Slieve Donard' is seen at the Chelsea Flower Show in London, May 24, 2016. Credit: Stefan Wermuth/REUTERS Topless Hillary supporters Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton takes a photo with supporters John Nelson, 32, (L) and Dan Stifler, 32, (C) after speaking at the UFCW Union Local 324 in Buena Park, California, May 25, 2016. Credit: Lucy Nicholson REUTERS Ukrainian pilot releasaed Ukrainian servicewoman Nadiya Savchenko reacts at Boryspil International airport outside Kiev, May 25, 2016. Savchenko spent nearly two years in detention for Russian allegations she was involved in the killing of two Russian journalists in eastern Ukraine in 2014. She was convicted earlier this year, but was traded for Russian captivse. Credit: Gleb Garanich/REUTERS Fleet Week The wasp-class amphibious assault ship USS Bataan passes the Statue of Liberty as it arrives in New York Harbor to mark the beginning of Fleet Week in New York City, May 25, 2016. Credit: Lucas Jackson/REUTERS Mount Sinabung Primary school children wear masks while studying in the classroom in Karo district, North Sumatra province, on May 24, 2016, as Mount Sinabung is seen spewing out volcanic ash through the school window reflection. Indonesian rescuers searched for survivors in scorched villages and devastated farmlands after the volcano erupted in clouds of searing ash and gas, killing seven and leaving others fighting life-threatening burns. Credit: Fatima Elkareem/AFP/Getty Images 5000 Poppies Garden A volunteer stands to the entrance of the 5000 Poppies Garden at the Chelsea Flower Show in London on May 23, 2016, the garden, created by Australians Lynn Berry and Margaret Knight is a tribute to their fathers who both fought in WWII. The Chelsea flower show, held annually in the grounds of the Royal Hospital Chelsea, runs from May 24-28. Credit: Adrian Dennis/AFP/Getty Images New Delhi - Plane crash Indian bystanders and emergency personnel gather around the wreckage of an aircraft which crash landed in a field on the outskirts of New Delhi on May 24, 2016. An air ambulance crash landed in a field near New Delhi airport on Tuesday, but all seven people on board survived, police said. Credit: Chandan Khanna/AFP/Getty Images Obama in Vietnam President Barack Obama speaks at the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative town hall event in Ho Chi Minh City on May 25, 2016. Obama urged communist Vietnam on May 24 to abandon authoritarianism, saying basic human rights would not jeopardize its stability, after Hanoi barred several dissidents from meeting Obama. Credit: Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images France - Giraffes A giraffes nuzzles another giraffe at the African Reserve (Réserve Africaine ) of Sigean, southern France on May 24, 2016. Credit: Raymond Roig/AFP/Getty Images Migrants rescued off Libya Migrants are seen on a capsizing boat before a rescue operation by Italian navy ships "Bettica" and "Bergamini" off the coast of Libya in this photo released on May 25, 2016. Twenty two separate coast guard rescue operations were conducted in just one day involving the rescue of some 4,000 migrants in the Mediterranean. Credit: Marina Militare/Handout via REUTERS Migrants rescued off Libya Migrants protect themselves from the cold with blankets as they wait to arrive in the port of Cagliari, Sardinia on May 26, 2016, aboard the rescue ship "Aquarius" two days after their rescue off the Libyan coast. Credit: Gabriel Bouys/AFP/Getty Images California - Trump supporter A supporter wearing a "Chinese Americans Love Trump" shirt takes the stage with other female Trump supporters at a campaign rally by the presumptive Republican presidential candidate , May 25, 2016 in Anaheim, California. Several major news organizations, including CBS News , estimated that Trump had reached the 1,237 delegates needed for the Republican nomination this week. Credit: Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images France - Riot police Riot police stand guard behind a fire as refinery workers hold a blockade of the oil depot of Douchy-Les-Mines to protest against the government's proposed labor reforms on May 25, 2016. Refinery workers stepped up strikes that threaten to paralyze France as the government moved to break their blockades, escalating a three-month tug-of-war over labor reforms. Credit: Francois Lo Presti/AFP/Getty Images Obama in Vietnam A man holds up a portrait of U.S. President Barack Obama as people line the streets to catch a glimpse of him on Obama's way to the airport at the end of a two-day visit to Ho Chi Minh City on May 25, 2016. Obama fielded questions on May 25 on everything from rap and weed smoking to leadership and his good looks at a lively town hall-style meeting with young Vietnamese, who say the U.S. leader is a far cry from their staid Communist rulers. Credit: Christophe Archambault/AFP/Getty Images China - College entrance exams Senior high school students study at night to prepare for the college entrance exams at a high school in Lianyungang, east China's Jiangsu province, May 24, 2016. The three-day 2016 college entrance exam starts on June 7. Credit: STR/AFP/Getty Images Vietnam - Rescued whale Hundreds of local inhabitants rescue a 15 meter-long and 2 meter-high whale swept offshore in the central coastal province of Nghe An on May 25, 2016. The operation was successful after vehicles including an excavator were mobilized to create a canal enabling the return the alive whale to the sea. Vietnamese fishermen consider whales as the Nam Hai (South Sea) God which protect and support them in their daily life and at sea. Credit: STR/AFP/Getty Images Auschwitz - X-ray picture X-ray picture shows a mug with a gold ring hidden under a false bottom at the Auschwitz Birkenau State Museum in Oswiecim, Poland on May 6, 2016. Credit: Auschwitz Memorial/Handout via REUTERS Japan - G7 (From L) German Chancellor Angela Merkel, U.S. President Barack Obama, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and French President Francois Hollande participate in a tree planting ceremony at Ise-Jingu Shrine in the city of Ise in Mie prefecture, on May 26, 2016 on the first day of the G7 leaders summit. World leaders kicked off two days of G7 talks in Japan on May 26 with the creaky global economy, terrorism, refugees, China's controversial maritime claims, and a possible Brexit headlining their packed agenda. Credit: Ma Ping/AFP/Getty Images Mogadishu - Flooded streets A man walks his donkey and its load through a flooded street in Beledweyne, north of Mogadishu on May 26, 2016. Hundreds of families have been forced out of their homes following flash floods in Beledweyne after torrential rains pounded the area in the last few days. The heavy rains led to the bursting of River Shabelle which caused massive floods in residential areas along the river. Credit: Mohamed Abdiwahab/AFP/Getty Images Arlington - U.S. flags Members of the U.S. Army stock up on American flags before placing them at graves in Arlington National Cemetery on May 26, 2016 in Virginia in preparation for Memorial Day. Credit: Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images Hiroshima - Obama and Abe U.S. President Barack Obama (R) puts his arm around Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe after they laid wreaths in front of a cenotaph as the atomic bomb dome is background at Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in Hiroshima, Japan, May 27, 2016. Credit: Kimimasa Mayama/Pool/REUTERS Billboard Awards Millennium Award recipient Britney Spears performs a medley of songs at the 2016 Billboard Awards in Las Vegas, May 22, 2016. Credit: Mario Anzuoni/REUTERS Greece - Migrants A migrant boy carries his belongings during an evacuation operation by police of a makeshift migrant camp at the border at the Greek-Macedonian border near the village of Idomeni on May 24, 2016. In an operation which began shortly after sunrise on May 24, hundreds of Greek police began evacuating the sprawling camp, currently home to 8,400 refugees and migrants, among them many families with children. Credit: Yannis Kolesidis/AFP/Getty Images China - Dog swimming A dog is pulled out of a pool after a dog swimming contest in Zhengzhou, Henan province, China on May 21, 2016. Credit: REUTERS Clown arrested Orange County Sheriff's deputies arrest a protester near the Anaheim Convention Center, hosting a rally for Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump, Wednesday, May 25, 2016, in Anaheim, California. Credit: Jae C. Hong/AP EgyptAir crash debris This picture posted Saturday, May 21, 2016, on the official Facebook page of the Egyptian Armed Forces spokesman shows part of a plane chair from EgyptAir flight 804. Search crews found floating human remains, luggage and seats from the doomed EgyptAir jetliner Friday. Credit: Egyptian Armed Forces via AP Cannes - Ken Loach Director Ken Loach, Palme d'Or award winner for his film "I, Daniel Blake", poses during a photo call after the closing ceremony of the 69th Cannes Film Festival in France, May 22, 2016. Credit: Regis Duvignau/REUTERS China - Hanging from rope People slide down a rope from a bridge during a rescue training in Chongqing, China, May 22, 2016. Credit: China Daily/REUTERS California - Bernie look-a-like Ariella Reiss (L) poses while dressed as Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders before a campaign rally in Santa Monica, California, May 23, 2016. Credit: Lucy Nicholson/REUTERS Vivid Sydney A spectacular light display, called "Songlines," on Sydney Opera House's sails in Australia creates a kaleidoscope of colors as part of the world's largest festival of light, music and ideas -- "Vivid Sydney." The festival, that includes colorful projections across the city, opened May 27 and runs until June 18, 2016. The opera house display includes a variety of projections featuring the work of indigenous artists on the sails of the Opera House. Credit: Vivid Media Acquittal in death of Freddie Gray Baltimore City Sheriff's Deputies surround and protect Baltimore Police Officer Edward Nero's family members as they leaves the Mitchell Courthouse-West after Nero was found not guilty on all charges against him related to the arrest and death of Freddie Gray May 23, 2016 in Baltimore, Maryland. One of six police officers charged, Nero was found not guilty by Baltimore Circuit Judge Barry Williams in a bench trial. Credit: Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images Israeli soldiers Israeli soldiers of the Search and Rescue brigade take part in a training session in Ben Shemen forest, near the city of Modi'in, May 23, 2016. Credit: Amir Cohen/REUTERS Tunisia - Jihadist Photographs of Rahma (L), the wife of Noureddine Chouchane, a jihadist who was killed during a U.S strike in Libya, and her sister Gofran (R), are seen in a newspaper in Tunis, Tunisia April 14, 2016. Tunisia's 2011 uprising created fertile ground for jihadist recruiters. Hundreds of Islamist militants were freed from prison as part of an amnesty for those detained under Ben Ali. Credit: Zohra Bensemra/REUTERS JR at the Louvre People walk in front of the Louvre Pyramid covered with a giant photographic illusion by the French artist known as JR on May 19, 2016 in Paris. The artist was invited by the Louvre, the largest museum in the world, to transform the Pyramid. Credit: Joel Saget/AFP/Getty Images Angel of Turkey Contestants prepare backstage during the Angel of Turkey transgender/transsexual beauty pageant in Istanbul, Turkey, late May 26, 2016. Credit: Murad Sezer/REUTERS	Isle of May
Who played 'Private Pike' in Dad's Army?	21 June - definition of 21 June by The Free Dictionary 21 June - definition of 21 June by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/21+June Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: midsummer , summer solstice June - the month following May and preceding July solstice - either of the two times of the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator summer , summertime - the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox; "they spent a lazy summer at the shore" Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: winter solstice References in periodicals archive ? As at close of business on 21 June 2011, the unaudited net asset value per ordinary share (excluding current financial year revenue items) with the cumulative preference stock at par value using bid prices was 352. Qantas cancels domestic and trans-Tasman services due to ash cloud Day Trip to Harrods 11 Dec from pounds 285* & Knightsbridge Shopping New Years Eve Dinner 31 Dec from pounds 250 Mothers Day Lunch 3 April from pounds 195 Hampton Court Palace 27 May from pounds 295 Chelsea Flower Show 27 May from pounds 335 Loch Lomond & the 3 June from pounds 295 Trossachs London: Sightseeing 21 June & from pounds 295 & River Thames Cruise 7 July Wimbledon 21 June from pounds 895 RHS Hampton Court 7 July from pounds 315 Flower Show Edinburgh & Royal 12 Aug from pounds 295 Yacht Britannia Edinburgh Fringe 12 Aug from pounds 295 Festival * SPECIAL OFFER pounds 100 OFF PER COUPLE ON SELECTED DEPARTURES (Subject to Availability ) All include a glass of Champagne, table canapes and four-course lunch/ dinner with half bottle of wine per person.	i don't know
Which nuts are used to make satay sauce?	Chicken Satay with Peanut Sauce Recipe : Tyler Florence : Food Network Watch how to make this recipe. Marinade: Combine the yogurt, ginger, garlic, and curry powder in a shallow mixing bowl, stir to combine. Place the chicken strips in the yogurt marinade and gently toss until well coated. Cover and let the chicken marinate in the refrigerator for at up to 2 hours. Thread the chicken pieces onto the soaked skewers working the skewer in and out of the meat, down the middle of the piece, so that it stays in place during grilling. Place a grill pan over medium heat and brush it with oil to prevent the meat from sticking. Grill the chicken satays for 3 to 5 minutes on each side, until nicely seared and cooked through. Serve the satays on a platter lined with lettuce leaves and cilantro; accompanied by a small bowl of peanut sauce on the side. Peanut Sauce: Combine the peanut butter, soy sauce, red chili paste , brown sugar, and lime juice in a food processor or blender. Puree to combine. While the motor is running, drizzle in the hot water to thin out the sauce, you may not need all of it. Pour the sauce into a nice serving bowl and garnish with the chopped peanuts. Serve with chicken satay. Yield: 3 cups	Peanuts
Thomas à Beckett was killed in which English Cathedral?	How to Make Peanut Satay Sauce \| LEAFtv Home > Eat Well > Cooking Skills > How to Make Peanut Satay Sauce How to Make Peanut Satay Sauce By Francis Keaveney Start to Finish: 15 minutes Servings: 4 Difficulty Level: Beginner Satay sauce or peanut sauce is popular in Indonesian cuisine and several variations exist globally. The main ingredient is peanuts, for which peanut butter is commonly used as a substitute. You may also use unroasted peanuts, if you prefer to prepare the recipe from scratch. Coconut milk, soy sauce and a variety of herbs and spices enhance the flavor of satay sauce, which is usually served with chicken skewers. Ingredients 1 teaspoon ginger, grated or chopped 1/2 cup peanut butter 1 tablespoon soy sauce Directions Warm the sesame oil in a saucepan or wok over a medium heat for about 1 minute. Add the chopped onions, ginger and garlic to the saucepan; cook for 2 minutes until tender. Add the peanut butter to the saucepan. Stir frequently for another minute. Add the coconut milk to taste and a splash of soy sauce. Mix in the ingredients and bring to a boil. Turn the cooker down to a simmer and stir occasionally for an additional 2 to 3 minutes. Serve hot or at room temperature with chicken skewers or rice. Variations Make a smooth peanut satay sauce. You can put all the ingredients, apart from the coconut milk, in a food processor for a smooth-textured sauce. Blend for about 30 seconds and transfer the blended sauce into a saucepan; then add coconut milk to taste and serve. Make your own peanut butter. Blend 500 grams of roasted nuts, 1 teaspoon of honey and a teaspoon of peanut oil. Add more oil or peanuts until you get your desired consistency, such as smooth or crunchy peanut butter. For unroasted nuts, unshell them and preheat the oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Place them on a baking pan; roast the nuts for about 20 minutes. Bring them out of the oven and let them cool at room temperature. Tips You can try a different nut. Use cashews instead of peanuts to vary the taste. You can make the sauce without coconut milk. Try adding 1 tablespoon of tamarind paste and 1 teaspoon of brown sugar to replace the coconut milk References and Resources	i don't know
For how many years did Henry111 rule?	Henry VIII - British History - HISTORY.com Google Henry VIII: Early Life Henry was born January 28, 1491, the second son of Henry VII, the first English ruler from the House of Tudor. While his older brother Arthur was being prepared for the throne, Henry was steered toward a church career, with a broad education in theology, music, languages, poetry and sports. Did You Know? An accomplished musician, Henry VIII of England wrote a song entitled "Pastime With Good Company" that was popular throughout Renaissance Europe. Arthur had been betrothed since age 2 to Catherine of Aragon, the daughter of the Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella, and in November of 1501 the teenage couple were married. Months later, Arthur died of a sudden illness. Henry became next in line for the throne and in 1503 was betrothed to his brother’s widow. Henry VIII: First Years as King Henry VIII took the throne at age 17 and married Catherine of Aragon six weeks later. Over the next 15 years, while Henry fought three wars with France, Catherine bore him three sons and three daughters, all but one of whom died in infancy. The sole survivor was Mary (later Mary I ), born in 1516. Henry was an active king in those years, keeping a festive court, hunting, jousting, writing and playing music. He issued a book-length attack on Martin Luther’s church reforms that earned him the title “Defender of the Faith” from Pope Leo X. But the lack of a male heir—especially after he fathered a healthy illegitimate son, Henry FitzRoy, in 1519—gnawed at the king. Henry VIII: Dissolving a Marriage, Splitting the Church By the 1520s, Henry had become infatuated with Anne Boleyn, a young woman in his wife’s entourage. He also worried that his marriage to Catherine had been cursed by God because of the Old Testament ban on marrying the widow of one’s brother. The king decided to seek a papal annulment that would free him to remarry. With the assistance of his powerful adviser Cardinal Wolsey, Henry petitioned Pope Clement VII but was rebuffed due to pressure from Catherine’s nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Wolsey was forced from power for his failure and died in 1630 awaiting trial for treason. With the backing of the English parliament and clergy, Henry ultimately decided that he didn’t need the pope’s permission to rule on issues affecting the Church of England. In 1533 Henry and Anne Boleyn were married, and their daughter Elizabeth was born. Mary was declared illegitimate and Elizabeth named his heir. England’s monasteries were closed and in most cases sold off to add to Henry’s wealth. Henry VIII: More Marriages and Deaths In January of 1536 Henry was unhorsed and injured during a jousting tournament. When news of his accident reached the pregnant Anne, she miscarried, delivering a stillborn son. Henry then spurned her, turning his affections to another woman of his court, Jane Seymour. Within six months he had executed Anne for treason and incest and married Jane, who quickly gave him a son (the future Edward IV) but died two weeks later. Henry’s fourth marriage bore similarities to his first. Anne of Cleves was a political bride, chosen to cement an alliance with her brother, the ruler of a Protestant duchy in Germany. The marriage only lasted a few days before Henry had it annulled. He then married Catherine Howard, but two years later she too was beheaded for treason and adultery. In the last years of his reign Henry grew moody, obese and suspicious, hobbled by personal intrigues and by the persistent leg wound from his jousting injury. His final marriage, to the widow Catherine Parr in 1543, saw his reconciliation with Mary and Elizabeth, who were restored to the line of succession. Henry VIII: Death and Legacy Henry VIII died on his 56th birthday, January 28, 1547. His 9-year-old son Edward VI succeeded him as king but died six years later. Mary I spent her five-year reign steering England back into the Catholic fold, but Elizabeth I , the longest-reigning of the Tudor monarchs, re-entrenched her father’s religious reforms. Tags	fifty six
'Meg; Jo; Beth and Amy' is the sub-title to which Louisa May Scott novel?	Henry VIII - British History - HISTORY.com Google Henry VIII: Early Life Henry was born January 28, 1491, the second son of Henry VII, the first English ruler from the House of Tudor. While his older brother Arthur was being prepared for the throne, Henry was steered toward a church career, with a broad education in theology, music, languages, poetry and sports. Did You Know? An accomplished musician, Henry VIII of England wrote a song entitled "Pastime With Good Company" that was popular throughout Renaissance Europe. Arthur had been betrothed since age 2 to Catherine of Aragon, the daughter of the Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella, and in November of 1501 the teenage couple were married. Months later, Arthur died of a sudden illness. Henry became next in line for the throne and in 1503 was betrothed to his brother’s widow. Henry VIII: First Years as King Henry VIII took the throne at age 17 and married Catherine of Aragon six weeks later. Over the next 15 years, while Henry fought three wars with France, Catherine bore him three sons and three daughters, all but one of whom died in infancy. The sole survivor was Mary (later Mary I ), born in 1516. Henry was an active king in those years, keeping a festive court, hunting, jousting, writing and playing music. He issued a book-length attack on Martin Luther’s church reforms that earned him the title “Defender of the Faith” from Pope Leo X. But the lack of a male heir—especially after he fathered a healthy illegitimate son, Henry FitzRoy, in 1519—gnawed at the king. Henry VIII: Dissolving a Marriage, Splitting the Church By the 1520s, Henry had become infatuated with Anne Boleyn, a young woman in his wife’s entourage. He also worried that his marriage to Catherine had been cursed by God because of the Old Testament ban on marrying the widow of one’s brother. The king decided to seek a papal annulment that would free him to remarry. With the assistance of his powerful adviser Cardinal Wolsey, Henry petitioned Pope Clement VII but was rebuffed due to pressure from Catherine’s nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Wolsey was forced from power for his failure and died in 1630 awaiting trial for treason. With the backing of the English parliament and clergy, Henry ultimately decided that he didn’t need the pope’s permission to rule on issues affecting the Church of England. In 1533 Henry and Anne Boleyn were married, and their daughter Elizabeth was born. Mary was declared illegitimate and Elizabeth named his heir. England’s monasteries were closed and in most cases sold off to add to Henry’s wealth. Henry VIII: More Marriages and Deaths In January of 1536 Henry was unhorsed and injured during a jousting tournament. When news of his accident reached the pregnant Anne, she miscarried, delivering a stillborn son. Henry then spurned her, turning his affections to another woman of his court, Jane Seymour. Within six months he had executed Anne for treason and incest and married Jane, who quickly gave him a son (the future Edward IV) but died two weeks later. Henry’s fourth marriage bore similarities to his first. Anne of Cleves was a political bride, chosen to cement an alliance with her brother, the ruler of a Protestant duchy in Germany. The marriage only lasted a few days before Henry had it annulled. He then married Catherine Howard, but two years later she too was beheaded for treason and adultery. In the last years of his reign Henry grew moody, obese and suspicious, hobbled by personal intrigues and by the persistent leg wound from his jousting injury. His final marriage, to the widow Catherine Parr in 1543, saw his reconciliation with Mary and Elizabeth, who were restored to the line of succession. Henry VIII: Death and Legacy Henry VIII died on his 56th birthday, January 28, 1547. His 9-year-old son Edward VI succeeded him as king but died six years later. Mary I spent her five-year reign steering England back into the Catholic fold, but Elizabeth I , the longest-reigning of the Tudor monarchs, re-entrenched her father’s religious reforms. Tags	i don't know
In which year did the Munich Air Disaster happen?	BBC - Manchester - History - The Munich air disaster: a timeline You are in: Manchester > History > History features > The Munich air disaster: a timeline Manchester United in 1957 The Munich air disaster: a timeline The timeline looks at some of the key moments in the story of the Munich air disaster, how the tragedy unfolded on the day and what happened in the aftermath. Tuesday 22 October 1957 The Busby Babes' 4-0 Charity Shield drubbing of Aston Villa, coupled with the fact that they’d recorded their largest ever goal and points tallies the season before, leads to speculation that the team can win an unprecedented league, FA Cup and European Cup treble. Duncan Edwards and Yugoslav journalists (04/02/58) Wednesday 4 December United face Dukla Prague away in the European Cup - they lose the tie, but win on aggregate. Delays in their return journey mean they nearly miss their clash with Everton the following Saturday. The problems lead to a decision to charter a plane for the next away tie, versus Red Star Belgrade. Tuesday 14 January 1958 United beat Red Star Belgrade 2-1 at Old Trafford in the home leg of their second round tie. Help playing audio/video Monday 3 February The Manchester United party board the flight from Manchester to Belgrade. The route is arranged via Munich both ways for refuelling, as a direct route is out of range for the aeroplane. The team line-up for the game (05/02/58) A few hours later, they arrive to find low cloud, poor visibility and snow. Conditions are at the minimum allowed by British European Airways (their flight operator) for pilots to land in. Indeed, the weather is so bad that the airport engineer only realises the plane has landed when it taxis on to the parking apron. Wednesday 5 February United draw 3-3 with Red Star Belgrade and go through to the European Cup Semi Finals for the second year running. After the game, a cocktail party for the players is held at the British Embassy. The wreckage of the crash (07/02/58) Thursday 6 February The travelling party, plus an extra five people - including the wife and baby daughter of the Yugoslav air attaché in London – departs Belgrade in sunshine for Manchester. The takeoff is delayed for an hour as winger Johnny Berry loses his passport. A little later, the plane makes its scheduled stop in Munich to refuel, where the airport is shrouded in low cloud, rain and snow. The descent into Munich requires the pilot, Captain James Thain, to use the anti-icing equipment on the wings. On the ground, the Manchester party disembark for refreshments in the terminal building, with some of the players taking the opportunity to snowball the refuelling team. Help playing audio/video After completion of departure details, the party return to the aircraft, with the crew stopping to inspect the wings. As a precaution, de-icing fluid could be sprayed onto the wings or snow brushed clear, but they decide that is unnecessary under the circumstances. The wreckage of the crash (07/02/58) At 2.20pm GMT, just over an hour after arrival, the plane is cleared for take-off. However, an uneven tone in the engines alarms Captain Thain and his co-pilot, Captain Kenneth Rayment, causing them to abort the take-off. The pair decide to try again, but the second take-off is aborted for the same reason, described by Captain Thain to his passengers as a "slight engine fault" which would require them to return to the apron for an engine check. Everybody disembarks again, and on returning to the departure lounge, United’s star player Duncan Edwards sends a telegram to his landlady - "All flights cancelled. Flying home tomorrow. Duncan." Unexpectedly, the call to board the flight is made and the party re-embark. Albert Scanlon in hospital (09/02/58) At 3.04pm, a third take-off is attempted. The plane fails to gain height and crashes into the fence surrounding the airport and then into a house. The port wing and part of the tail is torn off and the house catches fire. A tree shatters the port side of the cockpit, while the starboard side of the fuselage hits a wooden hut, causing a truck filled with tyres and fuel parked inside to explode. Help playing audio/video By the time any emergency services arrive at the site, 21 people are dead - including seven players, eight journalists, the travel agent who had organised the trip and a fan that was travelling with the team. After two hours, the search for survivors is called off, only for a German journalist to discover Kenny Morgans amongst the wreckage some five hours after the crash. Help playing audio/video The survivors are taken to Rechts der Isar Hospital in Munich. Amongst them are Albert Scanlon, who will remain unconscious for three weeks, star striker Bobby Charlton, who has suffered slight head injuries, and Johnny Berry and Jackie Blanchflower, whose injuries will mean they would never play again. Matt Busby in hospital after the crash Manager Matt Busby has suffered fractured ribs, a punctured lung and leg injuries. His condition is so grave that the last rites are administered and a hospital statement says simply that "we do not have much hope of saving him". Friday 7 February onwards The bodies of the deceased are flown home and lie overnight in the gym at Old Trafford before being collected by the families. Thousands turn out to line the streets for the funerals, memorial services are held all over the country and two minutes' silence is observed at matches everywhere. United take on Sheffield Wednesday (19/02/58) There is speculation that the club will fold as they may not be able to complete the season’s fixtures or rebuild their shattered team. Wednesday 19 February There is news that Matt Busby has received the last rites for a second time, while Duncan Edwards and the co-pilot Kenneth Rayment are both worsening by the day. Despite that, a makeshift United 11 takes on Sheffield Wednesday in an emotional FA Cup fifth-round tie. The front cover of the match programme reads "United will go on" and on the team sheet, there are 11 blank spaces to fill in. Busby calls his assistant Jimmy Murphy from his hospital bed to tell him to "keep the flag flying". United win 3-0. Duncan Edwards' is flown home (22/02/58) Friday 21 February Duncan Edwards dies from his injuries. A week later, Ken Rayment also succumbs, bringing the final death toll to 23. Thankfully, Matt Busby stabilises and as his condition improves, he is sent to Interlaken in Switzerland to recuperate with his wife, Jean. Saturday 8 March A message from the stricken manager is played ahead of United’s home game. The News of the World reports that "women wept as the tape-recorded voice of Matt Busby echoed across a packed and silent Old Trafford". Bobby Charlton at the FA Cup Final (03/05/58) Friday 18 April Matt Busby returns to Manchester for the first time, 71 days after the crash. He makes the journey from Switzerland by rail and sea. Saturday 3 May Despite the devastation of the season, under the leadership of Jimmy Murphy, United have made it to the FA Cup Final, where they play Bolton Wanderers. It is Murphy that leads the team out, while Matt Busby makes his way slowly to the bench with the aid of a walking stick. The team wear shirts emblazoned with a phoenix rising from the flames. Despite a valiant effort, the game is a step too far for the still recovering side and they lose 2-0. United v AC Milan in the European Cup (08/05/58) Thursday 8 May United beat AC Milan in the home leg of their European Cup Semi Final 2-1. Wednesday 14 May AC Milan beat United 4-0 at the San Siro Stadium to knock them out of the European Cup.	one thousand nine hundred and fifty eight
What is the tympanic membrane better known as?	Victims and Survivors of The 1958 Munich Air Disaster Victims of The 1958 Munich Air Disaster Twenty-three of the 43 passengers on board the Elizabethan charter aircraft G-ALZU 'Lord Burghley' lost their lives in the Munich Air Disaster on Thursday 6th February 1958. They included the following Manchester United players and officials: Roger Byrne: 28. Left-back and club captain. Manchester-born he won 33 caps for England. Mark Jones: 24. Centre-half. Born in Barnsley. An England schoolboy international. Duncan Edwards: 21. Eighteen England caps. Died 15 days after the crash following an heroic fight for life. Tommy Taylor: 26. Centre-forward. Cost ï¿½29,999 from Barnsley. 19 England caps. Eddie Colman: 21. Right-half. At 5ft 7ins the smallest player in the side. Born Salford. Liam Whelan: 22. Inside-right. Four caps for Republic of Ireland and a former United captain. David Pegg: 22. Outside-left. Made United debut at 17. One England cap against Republic of Ireland. Geoff Bent: 25. Left-back. Understudy to Byrne and United's other full-back Bill Foulkes. Who Also Died Survivors of The 1958 Munich Air Disaster ï¿½ Matt Busby himself was severely injured and was twice given his last rites. In the 1960s, Busby rebuilt the Manchester United team. The biggest success of his career came in 1968 when the team won the European Cup. He retired as manager in 1969. Awarded the CBE in 1958 and knighted following the European Cup victory in 1968. Bill Foulkes (defender) was 26. Went on to play a major part in the European Cup campaign of 1968. ï¿½ Harry Gregg (goalkeeper) was 24. He had joined them 2 months before the crash, but was immediately welcomed into the fold. He survived, and was cited for bravery for going back into the burning wreckage to rescue passengers. ï¿½ Johnny Berry (winger) was a relative veteran at 31. A very brave and fast winger who scored plenty of goals. Never played again. ï¿½ Jackie Blanchflower (defender) was 24. Understudy to Mark Jones, and a very versatile player. Never played again. ï¿½ Bobby Charlton (forward) age 20. Just breaking into the team at the time of the crash, he scored twice in Belgrade the night before. Went on to become one of the game's greatest players and remains one of its most respected ambassadors. Lost all his hair shortly after the crash. ï¿½ Ken Morgans (winger) was 18. Fast, tricky and brimming with confidence before the crash. Kept Berry out of the side. Never recovered his form after Munich. ï¿½ Albert Scanlon (winger) was 22. A player of great potential who suffered terrible head injuries at Munich. Recovered and played well for several years, scoring 16 league goals the season after the crash. ï¿½ ï¿½ Dennis Viollet (striker) was 24. A prolific goalscorer and a great player before the crash, he went on to set a United scoring record in 1959-60 with 32 league goals. Later joined Stoke City and served them well for many years. It is said he was never quite as good after the crash, and that he was potentially one of the best strikers in the history of the game. Ray Wood (goalkeeper) was 26. Lost his place to Harry Gregg, but one of United's legendary goalkeeping heroes. Another who suffered terrible head injuries, he rarely played again. ï¿½	i don't know
What was the name of the horse in the TV comedy 'Steptoe and Son'?	"Steptoe and Son" A Death in the Family (TV Episode 1970) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A Death in the Family 45min When Hercules the horse dies Albert takes to his bed. Harold buys another horse which he names Samson, but then this horse also appears to fall ill. When Albert gets up to tend to the horse... See full summary » Director: Title: A Death in the Family (06 Mar 1970) 7.4/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Add Image Add an image Do you have any images for this title? Edit Storyline When Hercules the horse dies Albert takes to his bed. Harold buys another horse which he names Samson, but then this horse also appears to fall ill. When Albert gets up to tend to the horse he finds out that the illness is actually a pregnancy and Samson is a mare after all. Rather than call her Delilah, the name Hercules II is chosen. Written by don @ minifie-1 6 March 1970 (UK) See more » Filming Locations: Steptoe Totters Into The '70's 28 February 2009 \| by ShadeGrenade (Ambrosia) – See all my reviews After an absence of five years, 'Steptoe & Son' returned to B.B.C.-1, and at an interesting time for British television. Colour had arrived, and I.T.V. were topping the ratings with 'Please Sir!', the 'Doctor' series, and 'On The Buses', meaning the B.B.C. needed to compete. Shows made pre-1969 could not be re-run ( two exceptions were the period drama 'The Forsyte Saga' and the children's programme 'Andy Pandy' ). The obvious solution was to either remake old shows ( as was done with 'Sykes' ) or to construct sequels to earlier hits ( such as 'Whatever Happened To The Likely Lads' ). Just think of it - had Harry H.Corbett and Wilfrid Brambell refused to reprise their roles, 'Steptoe & Son' would now be a forgotten show. 'A Death In The Family' was the first of the new run, and a sad little episode it is too. Hercules, the Steptoe's horse, drops dead while Harold is on his rounds. When a tearful Harold tells his father, he is accused of causing the animal's death. The horse was not just an important part of the business, more like a family member. The old man takes to his bed, refusing to get up. Harold buys a new horse - which he calls Samson - but Albert does not want to know. Then Samson falls ill. Of course Harold never bothered to check the animal's sex before buying... Hercules' death and Samson's arrival can be seen as a metaphor for the end of the old show and the commencement of the new one. Some people found it a bit hard to take, however; on 'Points Of View' complaints were read out from those who found the sight of Harold and Albert grieving for a dead animal upsetting rather than funny. Nevertheless, as the weeks rolled by, it became clear that the new 'Steptoe' was every bit as good - if not better - than the old. Funniest moment - Harold, determined to erase the memory of Hercules' death, switches on the television. A Western is on, followed by a commercial for dog food ( think about it! ) This episode, along with several other early '70's 'Steptoes', exists only in monochrome. Luckily, comedy of this calibre looks good no matter what medium it is in. 2 of 2 people found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes	Hercules
In which country would you find 'Lake Como'?	Steptoe and Son \| Sanford and Son Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Edit The show had its roots in a 1962 episode of Galton & Simpson's Comedy Playhouse. [3] Galton and Simpson's association with British comedian Tony Hancock, for whom they had written Hancock's Half Hour, had ended and they had agreed to a proposal from the BBC to write a series of ten comedy shows. The fourth in the series, "The Offer", was born both out of writer's block and budgetary constraints. [4] Earlier shows in the series had cost more than expected, so the writers decided to write a two-hander set in one room. The idea of two brothers was considered but father and son worked best. Ronald Fraser was second choice for Harold, which would have produced a totally different character. Galton and Simpson were not aiming to make a pilot for a series, having worked for seven years with Hancock. However, Tom Sloan, the BBC's Head of Comedy, told them during rehearsals that "The Offer" was a definite series pilot: he saw that the Steptoe idea had potential, as did the audience of that edition of Comedy Playhouse. Galton and Simpson were reportedly overwhelmed by this reaction, and the first of what became eight series was commissioned, the first four of which were transmitted between 1962 and 1965. The last four series were broadcast between 1970 and 1974, now in colour. At the peak of the series' popularity, it commanded viewing figures of some 28 million per episode. In addition, the early 1970s saw two feature films, two 46-minute Christmas specials. In 2005, the play Steptoe and Son in Murder at Oil Drum Lane, written by Ray Galton and John Antrobus, brought the storyline to a close. The series was one of the first UK situation comedy programmes to employ actors rather than comedians in the principal roles. Galton and Simpson had decided that they wanted to try to write for performers who "didn't count their laughs". The series' title music, "Old Ned", won its composer Ron Grainer his second successive Ivor Novello award. The series had no standard set of opening titles but the opening sequences would often feature the Steptoes' horse, Hercules. "Steptoe and Son" is the Steptoes' trading name, but as established in the first episode, the "Son" is not Harold but Albert. The name dates from when he and his mother—Mrs. Steptoe—worked the rounds. The first series has the pair as very rough looking and often dirty and in ragged clothes but they quickly "tidied up" for later series. Characters Edit The father, Albert Edward Ladysmith Steptoe ( Wilfrid Brambell ), was born on September 26, 1899 though he always claimed to have been born in 1901. His father was unknown but is believed to have been a local muffin man who died in 1910; the portrait Albert keeps of his father is in fact of William Gladstone. He appears to have joined the army underage at the start of World War I, and is seen wearing the Mons Star medals to prove it. He served with the British Expeditionary Force to the Russian city Archangel, White Russia, in 1919. Steptoe Senior is lazy, stubborn, narrow-minded and foul-mouthed, and has revolting personal habits. Albert is content with his place in the world, utterly unpretentious and downright cynical. He can be extremely vindictive and does everything he can to prevent Harold, his son, improving himself — especially if it means him leaving home. He is normally unshaven and wears a very old pair of false teeth, discoloured and with teeth missing. His wife died in 1936. He mentions in one episode that he was one of fourteen children. Harold Albert Kitchener Steptoe (played by Harry H. Corbett ), was born 1925 (Corbett's birth date) in the 1960s series (or born 1932 in the 1970s series) and educated at Scrubs Lane Elementary School, is also obstinate, though prone to moments of enthusiasm about an idea. Harold has aspirations. He wants to move up in the world — most of all to escape from the family home and his stifling relationship with his father. This is the subject of the first episode, "The Offer". [5] He likes to see his business as antiques rather than junk. He bitterly regrets leaving the army; his army service took him to Malaya and he achieved the rank of Corporal. He nearly always wears a workman's belt adorned with army cap badges. In the 1960s series he was a veteran of the Korean War, and this was mentioned at least once during the 1970s series. He is a dreamer and idealist. Politically, Harold is a (UK) Labour party supporter who is appalled that his father is a Conservative Party supporter. He aims to improve his mind and his social circle but always fails, often thanks to Albert's deliberate put-downs or sabotage. Harold's exasperation and disgust at his father's behaviour often results in his repeating the catchphrase "You dirty old man" [6]	i don't know
The 'Yo-Yo' was first used in the Philippines. What was it's purpose?	History of the Yo-yo \| YoYo Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia History of the Yo-yo Share Although the yo-yo is an undeniably ancient toy there is no proof that it is the second oldest toy as claimed. However, very few records remain about its origins due to the fact people in the past have not considered yo-yos worth writing about. Contents [ show ] Origins The origin of the yo-yo is still under argument, but documentaries that have been made show that it came from Greece. It is rumored that it was used as a weapon for hunting game or other land animals. Although physics may prove the use of the yo-yo as a hunting tool to be ineffective, the concept of being able to retry a missed throw of an object was still an amazing feat. But people still have, to this day, believed it to be a weapon. The yo-yos was actually first made by the Duncan yo-yo demonstrators in the 1930s and the yo-yo today is now considered a weapon due to the Duncan brothers making up the rumor of it being a weapon, this was done as a marketing strategy. Since the time of the Duncan brothers' making of the rumor, people have tried to use it as a weapon but in all cases it has failed. The rumor still stands today and many people still believe but it in fact isn't more than a child's toy. 1000 BC - Chinese origins Some historians believe the yo-yo originated in China in approximately 1000 BC. Although there are no formal records of the yo-yo, there is proof that the diabolo, a toy that is part-yoyo, part-top was developed in China which has much in common. Some records claim that the word 'yo-yo' came from the word 'come-come' in the ancient version of Tagalog, a Filipino language. Some linguistic experts say that the name 'yo-yo' is Oriental in origin, supporting the theory that China was the birthplace of the yo-yo. 500 BC - Greek yo-yos The first historical document featuring a yo-yo-like device was in Greece dated to 500 BC, and so some historians argue that the Greeks invented the yo-yo. These feature Greek discs which are arguably similar to a yo-yo which can be seen in Greek museums, such as the museum of Athens. Some historians argue that these were used for spools for thread or hanging drapes due to the fact the discs were ceramic which could break during play. There is, however, a painting found on a Greek vase with what appears to be a boy playing with a yo-yo, that may support the use of these discs as play [1] . 16th Century AD - Philippines It is noted in a 1916 newspaper article that colonizing Spaniards introduced the spin top to the local tribes when trying to describe the shape of the Earth and how it rotates in space. During those times, yo-yos were traditionally handmade from caribou (Filipino Water Buffalo) horn. [2] 1700s AD - Europe Yo-yos became very popular in Europe in the late 18th century, having probably arrived there via India. It enjoyed popularity with the French nobility, with many famous people having used them. It is worth noting that the yo-yoers in this time period are recorded as being adults, who referred the yo-yo as a 'Bandalore' or a 'Quiz'. In 1791, the Swedish Enlightenment writer Johan Henric Kellgren mentions the yo-yo as 'joujou de Normandie' in the poem "Dumboms leverne" . Kellgren places its invention roughly around the middle of the century. The French word 'joujou', possibly derived from 'jouer', to play, thus appears in Europe roughly 170 years before it was supposedly imported from the Philippines. 1860s AD - United States A patent in 1866 by James L. Haven and Charles Hettrick showed a new way of making a yo-yo using a central rivet to hold the two halves together, enabling the first metal yo-yos to be created. This patent demonstrates that there were yo-yos in the USA before this, but those were referred to as 'Whirligigs' or 'Bandelores.' In 1867, Charles Kirchhof (a German immigrant living in the USA) patented and manufactured a yo-yo-like toy that he referred to as a "return-wheel", although he did not manage to sell a great number. Some other patents include edible bandelores that can be eaten, except for the string, of course. 1910s AD - United States In 1916, an article in the December issue of the El Paso Herald describing how the Philippine School of Arts and Trades would distribute their mass-produced goods (yo-yos among them) to American children, represented the earliest use of the term in the USA. This is referenced in a famous trademark battle from 1929-1932. [3] The same year, an article was published in the Scientific American Supplement with the title of "Filipino toys", which showed how to make a yo-yo. 1920s AD - United States - Pedro Flores In 1928, Pedro Flores started selling yo-yos under the name "yo-yos", the name used in the Philippines. He called his business the Yo-yo Manufacturing Company which operated in Santa Barbara. Pedro trademarked the term 'yo-yo' and used the refined Philippine design of the yo-yo, by looping the string around the axle instead of tying it as it was done previously [4] . In doing this, he introduced America to the fundamental yo-yo trick, the sleeper . Pedro Flores printed "patent applied" and "patent pending" on many of his yo-yos, despite him not possessing any actual patent on his products, presumably to discourage other toy manufacturers from producing yo-yos. Due to the number of new possibilities for tricks, Pedro had also set up competitions to demonstrate the new tricks that could be done. However, his competitions were quite different from modern yo-yo contests, as these competitions were more about endurance than trick complexity. The winner was the yo-yoer who could keep the yo-yo moving up and down without missing. This resulted in some competitions lasting a very long time, with two experienced yo-yoers not giving up, resulting in the winner being selected by drawing straws. These competitions also featured contests of who could throw their yo-yo the furthest with it returning fully and who could do the greatest number of perfect spins during five minutes. The July 1929 issue of Popular Mechanics features an Amateur Mechanics section on how to make a yo-yo. [5] 1930s AD - United States - Duncan Around 1930, businessman Donald F. Duncan bought out Flores and so obtained the rights to the trademark "yo-yo". The precise date is uncertain but the "Yo-Yo" trademark was transferred in 1932. Other yo-yo companies during this period had to use terms such as 'return tops', 'whirl-a-gigs' or 'twirlers'. Duncan quickly acquired the largest share of the yo-yo market, with 85% of all yo-yos sold in this period being produced by Duncan. 1960s - United States - Yo-yo term loses trademark In 1965, Duncan got into a legal battle over the use of the term 'yo-yo' with Royal , resulting in the court ruling that the term had become generic and so it could be not trademarked. As a result of the cost of fighting the lawsuit, as well as an expensive investment in the means to produce plastic yo-yos, Duncan became bankrupt and its assets were sold, including its products and goodwill to Flambeau Plastics Company , which now produces Duncan yo-yos [6] . The Duncan equipment would go to Strombecker Toys , which produced yo-yos under the Medalist name for a number of years. 1980s - Technological innovations In 1980, Mike Caffrey applied for a patent on an auto-return mechanism for a yo-yo that consisting of several different embodiments for an internal clutch. This US patent (#4,332,102) was issued to Caffrey on June 1, 1982. The first commercially available yo-yo based on this mechanism was the Yomega Brain in 1984 [7] . There exists an interesting story pertaining to the development of the first auto-returning prototype. Caffrey hired engineer, Bill Lakin, to develop a working prototype around his pending patent. That first prototype's design was seriously flawed, as the central spool was so large that virtually no wound-up string engaged the parallel, internal yo-yo halves. When this prototype was thrown, the clutch would open just inches from the player's hand, then would proceed to fall without imparting any additional rotational force upon the yo-yo. Caffrey devised an ingenious "work around" to test the viability of the clutch; he made an 11' string that DID fill the spool and engage the internal parallel faces. Caffrey threw this modified yo-yo from the roof of his father's house in Tucson, AZ. Not only did this long string get the yo-yo prototype rotating, the clutch closed at the proper time, returning the yo-yo more than 5' up the string. Lakin designed a second prototype with the right-sized central spool. Yomega's original Brain Yo-Yo was developed around that second prototype. In 1981, Duncan released their World Class yo-yo, which featured a couple of innovations, one of which would one day become standard. The World Class' axle featured a special coating that, when combined with scientifically rim-weight Inertia Rings, allowed it to spin longer than anything else and even setting a former Guiness World Record for the longest-spinning yo-yo. In 1984, the first ball bearing yo-yo was produced by Svenska Kullagerfabriken (SKF) in a promotion, marking the beginning of a huge change to yo-yo design. However, the effect of this innovation would not be appreciated for about 10 years. The same year, Tom Kuhn introduced the Silver Bullet , the first yo-yo to feature a full-metal body machined from aluminum. On April 12th, 1985, a yellow plastic Duncan Imperial became the first yo-yo in space, as part of a series of experiments called "Toys in Space", where various toys were tested to see how weightlessness affects them. Originally, a Tom Kuhn No Jive 3-in-1 was to be the first yo-yo in the experiments, but it was rejected for not meeting fire safety requirements. In 1989, Yomega releases the Fireball , which featured a plastic transaxle sleeve over a metal axle, allowing it to spin three times longer than a standard fixed axle yo-yo. This yo-yo would come to be one of the most popular in the 1990s. 1990s - Playing Styles and Competitions In 1992, the first World Yo-Yo Championships were held, and the contest itself included true freestyle. After this, freestyles became a major part of yo-yo competitions. In 1996, the first USA yo-yo event with a freestyle was held at the US National Yo-Yo Contest . A number of new yo-yoing styles were created in the 1990s. The most prominent of these are freehand and offstring .	it was used as weapon
By what name is 'Katerina Imperaildi di Francabilla' better known?	History of the Yo-yo \| YoYo Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia History of the Yo-yo Share Although the yo-yo is an undeniably ancient toy there is no proof that it is the second oldest toy as claimed. However, very few records remain about its origins due to the fact people in the past have not considered yo-yos worth writing about. Contents [ show ] Origins The origin of the yo-yo is still under argument, but documentaries that have been made show that it came from Greece. It is rumored that it was used as a weapon for hunting game or other land animals. Although physics may prove the use of the yo-yo as a hunting tool to be ineffective, the concept of being able to retry a missed throw of an object was still an amazing feat. But people still have, to this day, believed it to be a weapon. The yo-yos was actually first made by the Duncan yo-yo demonstrators in the 1930s and the yo-yo today is now considered a weapon due to the Duncan brothers making up the rumor of it being a weapon, this was done as a marketing strategy. Since the time of the Duncan brothers' making of the rumor, people have tried to use it as a weapon but in all cases it has failed. The rumor still stands today and many people still believe but it in fact isn't more than a child's toy. 1000 BC - Chinese origins Some historians believe the yo-yo originated in China in approximately 1000 BC. Although there are no formal records of the yo-yo, there is proof that the diabolo, a toy that is part-yoyo, part-top was developed in China which has much in common. Some records claim that the word 'yo-yo' came from the word 'come-come' in the ancient version of Tagalog, a Filipino language. Some linguistic experts say that the name 'yo-yo' is Oriental in origin, supporting the theory that China was the birthplace of the yo-yo. 500 BC - Greek yo-yos The first historical document featuring a yo-yo-like device was in Greece dated to 500 BC, and so some historians argue that the Greeks invented the yo-yo. These feature Greek discs which are arguably similar to a yo-yo which can be seen in Greek museums, such as the museum of Athens. Some historians argue that these were used for spools for thread or hanging drapes due to the fact the discs were ceramic which could break during play. There is, however, a painting found on a Greek vase with what appears to be a boy playing with a yo-yo, that may support the use of these discs as play [1] . 16th Century AD - Philippines It is noted in a 1916 newspaper article that colonizing Spaniards introduced the spin top to the local tribes when trying to describe the shape of the Earth and how it rotates in space. During those times, yo-yos were traditionally handmade from caribou (Filipino Water Buffalo) horn. [2] 1700s AD - Europe Yo-yos became very popular in Europe in the late 18th century, having probably arrived there via India. It enjoyed popularity with the French nobility, with many famous people having used them. It is worth noting that the yo-yoers in this time period are recorded as being adults, who referred the yo-yo as a 'Bandalore' or a 'Quiz'. In 1791, the Swedish Enlightenment writer Johan Henric Kellgren mentions the yo-yo as 'joujou de Normandie' in the poem "Dumboms leverne" . Kellgren places its invention roughly around the middle of the century. The French word 'joujou', possibly derived from 'jouer', to play, thus appears in Europe roughly 170 years before it was supposedly imported from the Philippines. 1860s AD - United States A patent in 1866 by James L. Haven and Charles Hettrick showed a new way of making a yo-yo using a central rivet to hold the two halves together, enabling the first metal yo-yos to be created. This patent demonstrates that there were yo-yos in the USA before this, but those were referred to as 'Whirligigs' or 'Bandelores.' In 1867, Charles Kirchhof (a German immigrant living in the USA) patented and manufactured a yo-yo-like toy that he referred to as a "return-wheel", although he did not manage to sell a great number. Some other patents include edible bandelores that can be eaten, except for the string, of course. 1910s AD - United States In 1916, an article in the December issue of the El Paso Herald describing how the Philippine School of Arts and Trades would distribute their mass-produced goods (yo-yos among them) to American children, represented the earliest use of the term in the USA. This is referenced in a famous trademark battle from 1929-1932. [3] The same year, an article was published in the Scientific American Supplement with the title of "Filipino toys", which showed how to make a yo-yo. 1920s AD - United States - Pedro Flores In 1928, Pedro Flores started selling yo-yos under the name "yo-yos", the name used in the Philippines. He called his business the Yo-yo Manufacturing Company which operated in Santa Barbara. Pedro trademarked the term 'yo-yo' and used the refined Philippine design of the yo-yo, by looping the string around the axle instead of tying it as it was done previously [4] . In doing this, he introduced America to the fundamental yo-yo trick, the sleeper . Pedro Flores printed "patent applied" and "patent pending" on many of his yo-yos, despite him not possessing any actual patent on his products, presumably to discourage other toy manufacturers from producing yo-yos. Due to the number of new possibilities for tricks, Pedro had also set up competitions to demonstrate the new tricks that could be done. However, his competitions were quite different from modern yo-yo contests, as these competitions were more about endurance than trick complexity. The winner was the yo-yoer who could keep the yo-yo moving up and down without missing. This resulted in some competitions lasting a very long time, with two experienced yo-yoers not giving up, resulting in the winner being selected by drawing straws. These competitions also featured contests of who could throw their yo-yo the furthest with it returning fully and who could do the greatest number of perfect spins during five minutes. The July 1929 issue of Popular Mechanics features an Amateur Mechanics section on how to make a yo-yo. [5] 1930s AD - United States - Duncan Around 1930, businessman Donald F. Duncan bought out Flores and so obtained the rights to the trademark "yo-yo". The precise date is uncertain but the "Yo-Yo" trademark was transferred in 1932. Other yo-yo companies during this period had to use terms such as 'return tops', 'whirl-a-gigs' or 'twirlers'. Duncan quickly acquired the largest share of the yo-yo market, with 85% of all yo-yos sold in this period being produced by Duncan. 1960s - United States - Yo-yo term loses trademark In 1965, Duncan got into a legal battle over the use of the term 'yo-yo' with Royal , resulting in the court ruling that the term had become generic and so it could be not trademarked. As a result of the cost of fighting the lawsuit, as well as an expensive investment in the means to produce plastic yo-yos, Duncan became bankrupt and its assets were sold, including its products and goodwill to Flambeau Plastics Company , which now produces Duncan yo-yos [6] . The Duncan equipment would go to Strombecker Toys , which produced yo-yos under the Medalist name for a number of years. 1980s - Technological innovations In 1980, Mike Caffrey applied for a patent on an auto-return mechanism for a yo-yo that consisting of several different embodiments for an internal clutch. This US patent (#4,332,102) was issued to Caffrey on June 1, 1982. The first commercially available yo-yo based on this mechanism was the Yomega Brain in 1984 [7] . There exists an interesting story pertaining to the development of the first auto-returning prototype. Caffrey hired engineer, Bill Lakin, to develop a working prototype around his pending patent. That first prototype's design was seriously flawed, as the central spool was so large that virtually no wound-up string engaged the parallel, internal yo-yo halves. When this prototype was thrown, the clutch would open just inches from the player's hand, then would proceed to fall without imparting any additional rotational force upon the yo-yo. Caffrey devised an ingenious "work around" to test the viability of the clutch; he made an 11' string that DID fill the spool and engage the internal parallel faces. Caffrey threw this modified yo-yo from the roof of his father's house in Tucson, AZ. Not only did this long string get the yo-yo prototype rotating, the clutch closed at the proper time, returning the yo-yo more than 5' up the string. Lakin designed a second prototype with the right-sized central spool. Yomega's original Brain Yo-Yo was developed around that second prototype. In 1981, Duncan released their World Class yo-yo, which featured a couple of innovations, one of which would one day become standard. The World Class' axle featured a special coating that, when combined with scientifically rim-weight Inertia Rings, allowed it to spin longer than anything else and even setting a former Guiness World Record for the longest-spinning yo-yo. In 1984, the first ball bearing yo-yo was produced by Svenska Kullagerfabriken (SKF) in a promotion, marking the beginning of a huge change to yo-yo design. However, the effect of this innovation would not be appreciated for about 10 years. The same year, Tom Kuhn introduced the Silver Bullet , the first yo-yo to feature a full-metal body machined from aluminum. On April 12th, 1985, a yellow plastic Duncan Imperial became the first yo-yo in space, as part of a series of experiments called "Toys in Space", where various toys were tested to see how weightlessness affects them. Originally, a Tom Kuhn No Jive 3-in-1 was to be the first yo-yo in the experiments, but it was rejected for not meeting fire safety requirements. In 1989, Yomega releases the Fireball , which featured a plastic transaxle sleeve over a metal axle, allowing it to spin three times longer than a standard fixed axle yo-yo. This yo-yo would come to be one of the most popular in the 1990s. 1990s - Playing Styles and Competitions In 1992, the first World Yo-Yo Championships were held, and the contest itself included true freestyle. After this, freestyles became a major part of yo-yo competitions. In 1996, the first USA yo-yo event with a freestyle was held at the US National Yo-Yo Contest . A number of new yo-yoing styles were created in the 1990s. The most prominent of these are freehand and offstring .	i don't know
In what year were 'Premium Bonds' first introduced?	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 18 \| 1956: Macmillan unveils premium bond scheme About This Site \| Text Only 1956: Macmillan unveils premium bond scheme The British Chancellor Harold Macmillan has unveiled plans for a new state saving scheme offering cash prizes instead of interest. The premium bond would be "something completely new for the saver in Great Britain," he told MPs. The scheme is part of what he called his "savings budget" aimed at getting more people to save money by offering a top prize of �1,000. However the proposal is likely to draw criticism from some who regard the scheme as a form of gambling and therefore oppose the idea on moral grounds. Small fortune Mr Macmillan tried to head off the critics by declaring: "This is not a pool or a lottery, where you spend your money." The investor would be saving their money and the government would guarantee to buy the bonds back at the original price at any time. There was laughter as he insisted the premium bonds would bring in new savers tempted by the possibility of winning a small fortune. But Labour spokesman Harold Wilson urged the chancellor to take the sale of premium bonds out of his financial proposals and allow MPs to examine the idea in more detail as part of the government's bill on gambling and betting. The Rev J Clark Gibson, secretary of the Churches' Committee on Gambling said he understood the chancellor's aim but rejected the plan. "As the prizes are distributed by chance the deal therefore becomes a gamble, because the gains of the few are at the loss of the whole body of investors, whether they want to gamble or not," he said. The bonds will cost �1 each and holders will have a chance of winning a prize in a quarterly draw. The government will pay out the equivalent in prizes of 4% interest on the total number of bonds. Lord Mackintosh of Halifax, chairman of the National Savings Committee, said he hoped the premium bond, with its tax-free prizes, would bring "millions of people who had so far not found the conventional forms of savings attractive" into the fold. It seems likely the new bonds will be sold over the counter at post offices and possibly banks. Sweden has had state lotteries since 1896. The last one was held in 1955 to raise funds for the State Opera. Finland and Greece have also had similar schemes.	one thousand nine hundred and fifty six
Which horse won both the 1973 and 1974 Grand Nationals?	Premium bonds: limit rises to £50,000, but will you win more? - Telegraph Savings Premium bonds: limit rises to £50,000, but will you win more? NS&I is increasing the cap on Premium Bonds from Monday, and savers are expected to buy billions more bonds as a result Premium Bonds were officially launched by Harold Macmillan, Chancellor of the Exchequer, in his 1956 Budget Comments The maximum savers can invest in National Savings & Investment's Premium Bonds is set to rise from £40,000 to £50,000 on Monday. This is the second time in two years that the Government's savings arm has increased the total cap to its prize draw savings product. Premium Bonds are Britain's most popular savings product, with £53bn invested. Yet rates are relatively low – savers earn just 1.35pc on average, according to the average prize rate offered. Each £1 bond has an equal chance of winning and savers never lose capital, so the more bonds savers own, the higher their chance of receiving a payout. Saving the old maximum £40,000 in Premium Bonds earns, on average, roughly £450 in one year, according to MoneySavingExpert.com's calculator . Saving a further £10,000 could win an extra £100. An influx of money is expected on Monday when then new limit comes into force. In June 2014, NS&I upped the total limit from £30,000 to £40,000, which was the first increase for more than 10 years. As a result, savers poured their money into the bonds, and since June last year the total invested in Premium Bonds has increased by £6bn (from around £47bn to £53.4bn), NS&I said. • Martin Lewis: Six reasons why Isas still beat other savings accounts NS&I Premium Bonds give bondholders the opportunity to win cash prizes in a lottery-style draw every month, as a replacement for earning interest on their money in a savings account or another form of investment. Every month a draw is held with prizes ranging from £25 to two £1m jackpots. The odds of winning any prize is 26,000 to 1, and if you have £40,000 invested you're nearly 2,000 times more likely to win £1m than you are to win nothing, calculations by Telegraph Money found. A quarter of a million savers currently have the maximum £40,000 deposited in bonds. Martin Lewis, founder of MoneySavingExpert, has long been a critic of the bonds. He said the product hooked people on a “dream” of winning big, which for most never comes true. “For better odds, put your money in a top savings account, then use the interest to buy lottery tickets,” he said.	i don't know
What make of motor car was the Dolomite ?	Triumph Dolomite \| Classic Cars Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia [ show ] History The Dolomite was the final addition to Triumph's complex small-car range (codenamed "Project Ajax"), which had started in 1965 with the Triumph 1300. Designed to be a replacement for the rear-wheel drive Triumph Herald, the 1300 was originally fitted with a 1,296 cc (79 cu in) engine and front-wheel drive. The later model, introduced in September 1970 as the Triumph 1500, featured a remodelled front and rear, styled by Michelotti, and a larger 1,493 cc (91 cu in) engine. Triumph were however dissatisfied with the market performance of the 1300; although successful, the higher price and greater complexity meant sales never reached the levels of its predecessor, the simpler and cheaper Herald. To this end the car was comprehensively re-engineered to be cheaper and simpler to build and maintain; launched in September 1970, was the Triumph Toledo, a cheaper and more basic variant with conventional rear-wheel drive. This was assembled alongside the now larger-engined front-wheel drive version. It was launched at the same time as the 1500, adding further complexity to the model range. The "Dolomite" Designed as the successor for the upmarket variants of the front-wheel drive designs, and also for the 6-cylinder Triumph Vitesse, a sporting relative of the Herald, the Triumph Dolomite was presented at the London Motor Show in October 1971. However due to a number of strikes and other industrial upsets, the car was not reported to be in full production until October 1972. The name "Dolomite" had been used by Triumph for a range of models prior to the Second World War and this name was revived for the new car. The car used the longer bodyshell of the front wheel drive Triumph 1500, but with the majority of the running gear carried over from the rear-wheel drive Triumph Toledo. Initially, the only version available used the new slant-four 1854 cc engine, which mated an alloy OHC head to an iron block, providing 91 bhp (68 kW) which offered sprightly performance. This was a version of the engine that the company was already providing to Saab for use in their 99 model. The car was aimed at the then-new compact performance-luxury sector, vying for sales against cars such as the BMW 2002 and Ford Cortina GXL, and was offered with a high level of standard equipment, including twin headlamps, a clock, full instrumentation, luxury seats and carpets, a heated rear window, and a cigar lighter. Styling was similar to the Triumph 1500, with some updates such as a black painted rear panel, Vinyl D-posts, and new wheel trims. The car was capable of 100 mph (160 km/h), with 60 mph (97 km/h) coming up in just over 11 seconds. An overdrive gearbox was soon made optional, offering relaxed motorway cruising and improved fuel economy, and there was also an optional automatic transmission. Dolomite Sprint Although the Dolomite proved to be refined and rapid, competitors such as the BMW 2002 had a performance advantage which was costing Triumph dearly, both in terms of sales and prestige. To remedy this, Triumph unveiled the Dolomite Sprint in June 1973, although the launch had been delayed by a year; it had been due to go on sale in 1972. A team of engineers led by Spen King developed a 16-valve cylinder head with all of the valves being actuated using a single camshaft rather than the more normal DOHC arrangement. The capacity was also increased to 1,998 cc (122 cu in), and combined with bigger carburettors the output was upped to 127 bhp (95 kW). This represented a significant increase over the smaller 1850cc variant, however it fell short of the original target of 135 bhp (101 kW). Despite BL engineers being able to extract a reliable 150 bhp (112 kW) from test engines, the production line was unable to reliably build the engines to the same level of quality, with production outputs being in the region of 125 bhp (93 kW) to 130 bhp (97 kW). This led to the original model designation, the Dolomite 135, being replaced at short notice with the Sprint name. As a result of this new engine the Dolomite Sprint has a claim to be the world's first truly mass-produced multi-valve car, and the design of the cylinder head won a British Design Council award in 1974. Performance was excellent, with 0–60 mph taking around 8.4 seconds, with a maximum speed of 119 mph (192 km/h). Trim was similar to the 1850, with the addition of standard alloy wheels (another first for a British production car), a vinyl roof, front spoiler, twin exhausts and lowered suspension. By now seats were in cloth on the 1850, and these were also fitted to the Sprint. Due to the increase in power brought by the new engine, the rest of the driveline was upgraded to be able to withstand the extra torque. The gearbox and differential were replaced by a version of those fitted to the TR and 2000 series cars, albeit with a close ratio gearset in the gearbox. The brakes were upgraded, with new pad materials at the front, and the fitment of larger drums and a load sensing valve at the rear. Other changes over the standard Dolomite included the option of a limited slip differential. The optional overdrive and automatic transmission from the 1850 model were also offered as option on the Sprint. Initial models were only offered in Mimosa yellow although further colours were available from 1974. At launch the Sprint was priced at £1740, which compared extremely well to comparable cars from other manufacturers. Prospective buyers would have been hard pressed to justify the extra £1000 cost of the BMW 2002 Tii, which offered similar performance. The four-door practicality of the Sprint also made it a very attractive proposition for the young executive choosing his first company car. The press gave the Dolomite Sprint an enthusiastic Reception. Motor summarised its road test (subtitled "Britain leads the way") with glowing praise: ...the Sprint must be the answer to many people's prayer. It is well appointed, compact, yet deceptively roomy. Performance is there in plenty, yet economy is good and the model's manners quite impeccable ... Most important of all, it is a tremendously satisfying car to drive.From May 1975 overdrive and tinted glass were fitted as standard. In addition, all Sprints were fitted with a body side trims, a plastic surround for the gearlever and a driver's door mirror. Headrests were now available as an optional extra. From March 1976 headrests, a radio and laminated windscreen were fitted as standard. In 1978 laminated windscreens became a standard fitment and in 1980, to comply with UK legislation, twin rear fog lamps were also fitted as standard. As with many other British Leyland cars of the period, a number of "Special Tuning" options were available for the Dolomite Sprint, offering dealer fitted upgrades to the car that included larger carburettors, freer flowing exhaust systems, and competition camshafts. These upgrades were designed by the factory race team and offered in order to homologate the tuning parts for competition purposes. Rationalisation By the mid-1970s the range had become complex, with many different names and specifications. The Dolomite bodyshell was still being made as the basic Toledo (short boot bodyshell, 1,296 cc (79 cu in) OHV, rear-wheel drive), the 1500 TC (standard bodyshell, 1,493 cc (91 cu in) OHV, rear-wheel drive) and the Dolomite/Dolomite Sprint (Standard bodyshell, 1,854 cc (113 cu in) / 1,998 cc (122 cu in), OHC, rear-wheel drive). In 1976, with the manufacturer effectively nationalised and following recommendations in the government commissioned Ryder Report, the Dolomite and other similarly bodied ranges were rationalised as follows: Dolomite 1300: Base model. Basic trim, single headlamps, 1296 cc engine. Dolomite 1500: Same as 1300, with 1,493 cc (91 cu in) engine. Dolomite 1500HL: Luxury specification as per 1850, with 1493 cc engine. Dolomite 1850HL: Luxury specification, 1,850 cc (113 cu in) OHC engine. (Front spoiler fitted from 1975) Dolomite Sprint: The performance version: luxury trim, 16-valve 1,998 cc (122 cu in) engine. The Dolomite 1300 used the 1,300 cc (79 cu in) engine developed from the Herald and Spitfire, and replaced the Toledo as the basic model in the range. The body was identical except for the lengthened body giving the larger boot of the original Dolomites. The 1300 retained simplified fittings, including single square headlamps, basic instrumentation and seats, with the wooden dashboard and carpeting of the Toledo. There was no two-door option as there had been for the Toledo, and the shorter-boot bodyshell of the Toledo ceased production. Standard equipment included a reclining front seats, cigar lighter, fasten seat belt warning light, driver's door mirror, twin reversing lights and a dipping rear view mirror. The dashboard design was the same as that fitted to the facelifted Toledo of 1975. There was no overdrive or automatic transmission option with the 1300. The next model up, replacing the Triumph 1500 TC, was the Dolomite 1500. The Dolomite 1500 offered identical specification to the Dolomite 1300, but with a 1,493 cc (91 cu in) engine and twin carburettors. Overdrive and automatic transmission were offered as an optional extra. The 1500HL had basically identical specification to the luxury 1850 (now designated 1850HL), but again featured the 1493 cc engine. Performance was good, and once again overdrive and automatic transmissions were optional. The HL model had a much improved specification level over the standard Dolomite 1500 including a rev counter, volt meter, separate fuel and temperature dials, clock, adjustable steering column and driver's seat height adjust, head rests, front seat rear pockets, rear centre arm rest and walnut door cappings on all four doors. With the new 1500 models, a front-wheel drive model was replaced by a rear-wheel drive model, with few external differences apparent in the bodywork. At a time when most manufacturers of smaller cars were concentrating on front-wheel drive cars, this change could be considered somewhat backward thinking. It should be borne in mind however, that the otherwise completely rear-wheel drive model lineup at Triumph meant that switching to rear-wheel drive would afford significant cost savings. History repeated itself almost 30 years later when MG Rover, a descendant of the British Leyland company that owned Triumph, converted the Rover 75/MG ZT model to rear-wheel drive. Late 1970s The Dolomite changed very little (in all its variants) from the beginning to the very end, only minor trim differences and additional standard equipment being the main changes. 1979 saw the introduction of the Dolomite SE, of which 2163 were built. The bodyshell was of the basic 1500 (single headlamps) but the interior was fitted with luxury trim including burr walnut dashboard and door cappings (the dashboard was the same style as fitted to that of the Dolomite 1300), grey velour seats and matching carpet. All the cars were painted black with wide silver stripes running full length, with the letters "SE" at the end of the rear wing. The SE also sported a front spoiler and Spitfire style road wheels. By the late 1970s the Dolomite was looking increasingly old fashioned against much newer competition. The cars ceased production in August 1980 along with the Triumph Spitfire, as British Leyland closed the Canley factory as it downsized in a bid for survival. Reputation The Dolomite has, perhaps unfairly, gained a reputation for fragility. The introduction of the Dolomite came at a turbulent time for BL and Triumph in particular. A slew of new model introductions, along with the completely new architecture and alloy head/iron block construction of the OHC slant-4, meant that dealership mechanics were not fully aware of the servicing requirements of the engine. In particular, it required the cooling system to be kept in good condition, and partially filled with a rust inhibitor, otherwise corrosion leading to radiator blockages and overheating could occur. The Dolomite is a relatively rare sight on British roads with only about 1300 roadworthy examples registered in the UK. However, this is a favourable showing when compared to other contemparies like the Morris Marina, of which fewer than 800 examples were still roadworthy by 2006, despite the Marina being a much stronger seller than the Dolomite. Motorsport Touring cars The Dolomite Sprint was campaigned in the British Touring Car Championship from 1974 to 1978. It met with some success, with Andy Rouse winning the Drivers' Championship in 1975, and also lifting the manufacturer's title in 1974 with team mate Tony Dron. The Sprint driven by Andy Rouse and Tony Dron managed fifth overall in the Spa 24 hours race in July 1974. In September Dron managed 3rd place overall in a Sprint competing in the RAC Tourist Trophy race of that year. In 1975 Andy Rouse won the British Touring Car Championship outright by taking the driver's title in a Sprint. In 1976 Broadspeed only ran one Dolomite Sprint in British Saloon Car Championship, with Rouse finishing second in the two litre class. 1977 saw the departure of Rouse and the return of Tony Dron as driver of the Broadspeed prepared Dolomite Sprint. Dron managed to win no less than seven of the twelve races outright against some stiff competition, and narrowly missed out on winning the championship outright because of tyre failure on the final race when leading his class by over a minute. In 1978 Broadspeed entered a sole Dolomite Sprint (driven by Tony Dron) where it won only one race outright, although the Sprint still won class B in the last year a factory entered Sprint would compete in the British Saloon Car Championship. Rallying Due to the heavier bodyshell and somewhat fragile engine, the Dolomite Sprint was less successful in rallying. Retirements were rather frequent resulting in failure to complete any rallies during 1974. Things improved slightly in 1975 when a Sprint crewed by Brian Culcheth and Johnstone Syer finished 11th overall in the Welsh Rally in May 1975 (FRW 812L). This was quickly followed up with an impressive second place overall in the Tour of Britain in August 1975, and in the 1975 Lombard RAC Rally Culcheth and Syer won Group 1 and were first in class. In January 1976 Tony Pond and D. Richards won Group 1 in the Tour of Dean Rally. In the same month, Culcheth and Syer finished fifth overall in the Snowman Rally, and seventh overall in the Mintex Rally a month later, with Tony Pond and D. Richards coming first in Group 1. Culcheth and Syer had to retire in the Granite City Rally held in March, while Pond and Richards came home fourth overall and finished first in Group 1. Culcheth and Syer finished second overall in the Tour of Britain and in the Manx Trophy Rally held in August, while P. Ryan and F. Gallagher came in ninth overall. P. Ryan and M. Nicholson also came first in Group N in the Lindisfarne Rally held in October, and they also came second in Group 1 in the Castrol '76. From May 1976 onwards, the Dolomite Sprint would run alongside the TR7 before being eventually withdrawn from rallying, the TR7 V8 taking over the mantle. In the Lombard RAC Rally of 1976, the Sprint was forced to retire with engine problems.[ 1977 would be the last season where factory entered Sprints would compete in any form of rallying. Ryan and Nicholson managed to win Group 1 while coming eighth overall in the Granite City Rally, and this was followed by ninth overall in the Welsh Rally and finishing second in Group 1. The Scottish Rally saw Ryan and Nicholson come 12th overall and helped win the team prize with two other TR7s. The Manx Rally held in September 1977 was the very last rally where a works entered Sprint was entered, but it ended its rallying career on a high, managing seventh overall and first in Group 1 (both "Class 1" and "Production" classes) driven by Ryan and Nicholson. Today Triumph Dolomites continue to be used in classic motorsport today, with cars being campaigned in the UK, mainland Europe, and Australia, as well as many other places. Dolomite-derived cars The Panther Rio was based on the Dolomite 1850 but was re-skinned with new aluminium panels and with a completely revised interior. Also available was the Panther Rio Especiale, which used the Dolomite Sprint as a base. It was produced from 1975 to 1977 and a mere 38 were sold. The Latham F2 used the Dolomite mechanicals (usually Sprint), but attached to a fibreglass sports car body. The early Robin Hood S7 used the front subframe and mechanical components from any Dolomite, attached to a monocoque body made out of Stainless Steel. Later Robin Hoods were Ford based. Cultural references A white Dolomite Sprint, plate POK 79R was mainly driven by the Bodie character in the early episodes of The Professionals before being replaced by a Ford. A green Triumph Dolomite 1300 appears in Ashes to Ashes as Alex Drake's car (Episode 5). In Series 10, Episode 07 of Top Gear (airdate 25 November 2007), presenter Richard Hammond bought and drove a green Triumph Dolomite Sprint in the £1200 British Leyland cheap car challenge. The challenge was to prove that British Leyland did make a few good cars, because the producers believed otherwise. A red Dolomite appears in the 1982 film "The Plague Dogs" A green Dolomite appears in the video for Nothing's Gonna Change Your Mind by Badly Drawn Boy Gallery	Triumph
In which US state would you find the Grand Canyon?	Classic Car of the Month: Triumph Dolomite \| Footman James Classic Car of the Month - Triumph Dolomite 5 January, 2016 Tags: triumph dolomite , classic car , British classic car , classic car of the month , giovanni michelotti , Triumph Dolomite Club This time for our Classic Car of the Month we’re going for a true British classic. A punchy small saloon by the Triumph Motor Company division of the British Leyland Corporation that offered similar power capabilities to the infamous BMW 2002 tii. Can you guess what it is? We’re talking about the Triumph Dolomite, a popular small car produced in Canley, Coventry between October 1972 and August 1980. The Dolomite was the last addition to Triumph’s catalogue of small cars, codenamed Project Ajax, which started in 1965 with the Triumph 1300 - designed to be a replacement for the Triumph Herald. Triumph had previously used the name Dolomite for a range of models before the Second World War, and revived the name for their sporty new model. About the design The Triumph Dolomite was unveiled at the London Motor Show in October 1971, designed as as sporting relative to the Herald. The Dolomite made use of the longer body shell from the front wheel drive Triumph 1500, but carried over the majority of the running gear from the rear-wheel drive Triumph Toledo. This new Triumph model was aimed at the new compact performance-luxury sector, giving Triumph a push for sales against competitors like the BMW 2002 and Ford Cortina GXL. The Dolomite was offered with a high level of standard equipment, including twin headlamps, a clock, luxury seats and carpets, a heated rear window and a cigar lighter. Styling was an updated version of the Triumph 1500, with updates like a black painted rear panel and new wheel trims. The Triumph Dolomite was designed by Giovanni Michelotti, one of the most famous sports car designers of the 20th century. As well as working with Triumph and British Leyland, Michelotti was noted for his design work for Ferrari and Maserati. Although the Dolomite gained a reputation for being sleek and speedy, competition from the BMW 2002 was costing Triumph both in terms of sales and reputation. To combat this, Triumph unveiled the Dolomite Sprint in June 1973, with a new engine that allowed the Sprint to stake a claim as the world’s first truly mass-produced multi-valve car. The trim in the Dolomite Sprint featured the addition of standard alloy wheels, another industry first for a British production car, along with a vinyl roof, front spoiler, twin exhausts and lowered suspension. As the Sprints developed through the years they were fitted with body side trims, a plastic surround for the gear lever, and a driver's door mirror, headrests and radio. Laminated windscreens were fitted as standard from 1978 and twin rear fog lamps were also fitted from 1980 in compliance with updated UK legislation. What people thought then and what they think now Unfortunately for Triumph the Dolomite gained a reputation for being fragile, thanks to its introduction at a time when British Leyland and Triumph had just introduced a range of new models. These used completely new architecture and the alloy head/iron block construction of the OHC slant-4, which meant that mechanics and dealerships were often not aware of the servicing requirements of the engine - leading new owners to feel a little underwhelmed with the maintenance and longevity. These new engines in particular required the cooling system to be well maintained, and partially filled with a rust inhibitor, to prevent corrosion leading to radiator blockages and overheating. However, if maintenance was well completed then there is no reason why you couldn't still see a Triumph Dolomite on the roads to this day. For classic car enthusiasts the Dolomite, and particularly the Dolomite Sprint, are still popular vehicles, with many parts still available for repairs and maintenance and great support through events and clubs, like the Triumph Dolomite Club . Figures show that there are only about 1300 roadworthy Dolomites registered on British roads in the modern day, with 300-400 16 valve Sprints. Do you think the Dolomite is a great example of a British classic? Tell us your thoughts at @Footman_James .	i don't know
In 'Dallas' what was the Ewing family's ranch called?	Southfork Ranch - Southfork Ranch Welcome to the Legendary Southfork Ranch, made famous by the Ewing Family in the television series Dallas! We are now a premier special events venue and meeting destination in the Dallas Metro Area. With 63,000 square feet of event space, each year we host hundreds of events including weddings, reunions, and holiday parties, corporate meetings, concerts, company picnics and much more. We are a full service catered facility and is proud to be a three time winner of facility of the Year award from the DFW Meeting Professionals and also voted best Wedding facility in DFW by The Association of Wedding Professionals.In addition to the event center, we also have outdoor covered pavilions and 40 acres of land perfect for festivals, concerts or picnics. Whether you are hosting a group of just 10 or 10,000, Southfork Ranch provides a beautiful backdrop for any occasion. Often called “The World's Most Famous Ranch”, the setting, facilities and service will make your next event truly unforgettable. Upcoming Events at Southfork Ranch Texas’ Tribute to Elvis Festival Music and Entertainment to celebrate the King. May 26th, 27th & 28th 2017	Southfork
Bewick and Hooper are which type of bird?	J.R. Ewing \| Dallas \| Fandom powered by Wikia Knots Landing in guest appearances John Ross "J.R." Ewing, Jr. was the oftentimes shrewd, ruthless, conniving Texas oil baron/tycoon who served as President and CEO of Ewing Oil in the hit U.S. television series Dallas (1978–91) and its spin-offs, including the revived Dallas series (2012–13). The character was portrayed by actor Larry Hagman from the series premiere in 1978 until his death in late 2012 and was the only actor who appeared in all 356 episodes of the original series. [1] One of the show's most iconic figures, J. R. has been central to many of the series' biggest storylines. He is depicted as a covetous, egocentric, manipulative and amoral oil baron with psychopathic tendencies, [2] who is constantly plotting subterfuges to plunder his foes and their wealth. [3] J. R. Ewing is considered one of television's most popular characters, [4] [5] with TV Guide naming him #1 in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time. [6] Contents Edit J.R. has a reputation with his fellow characters, and viewers of the show, as a really 'bad man', a villainous sort. J.R. thinks nothing of resorting to bribery and blackmail to get his way and appears heartless much of the time - indeed taking pride in his nefarious nature. However, there are several instances throughout the original series' run where a more sympathetic and complex side to his character is portrayed, such as evidence of his love for his family, and his generosity to those less fortunate - for instance his giving of presents to his fellow sanitarium inmates in the final season. Also in the final season, there are glimpses of a depressive and contemplative nature when musing to Bobby during their cattle drive about how times were changing. J.R. at times, such as the afore mentioned, does indeed seem to show some redeeming qualities, as in the case of trying to find the whereabouts of a one Blackie Callahan (played by Denver Pyle ) in the episodes " I Dream of Jeannie " and " After Midnight " in Season 13. In these episodes, J.R. seeks to reconnect with Blackie, an old friend of and wildcatter with Jock , who had helped J.R. find the drilling location where he had his first oil strike in the 1950s, as he was seeking to get his help and expertise again in surveying a site where he wound up striking it rich, again!! In the season 14 episode " Fathers and Sons of Fathers and Sons ", J.R. reveals, on the aftermath of Blackie's funeral, which J.R. attended, to Blackie's daughter Meg Callahan ( Chris Weatherhead ) that J.R., who was also a friend of Blackie, that he had been paying royalties to him for years, out of his own pocket. Another instance is in the 2012 Dallas series, when Bobby is facing the fight for his life in his deciding to sell Southfork, due to his contracting a Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), where he must undergo life threating corrective surgery, J.R. seems to show a more humble side in visiting his brother in the hospital before and after the successful surgical procedure along the the rest ot the family. Biographical sketch Edit J.R. was born in September 1939, to Jock and Miss Ellie Ewing . He has two younger brothers, Bobby Ewing and Gary Ewing (who fled to California before the series began), and a half-brother, Ray Krebbs , the illegitimate son of Jock. J.R. was born on the family's Southfork Ranch in Parker, TX . [7] The year of his birth is inconsistent: in Dallas: The Early Years , Miss Ellie announces her pregnancy with J. R. in 1936, making the year of his birth 1936 or at the latest 1937, while in the 2012 continuation of Dallas, J.R.'s gravestone gives his birth year as 1939. Starting at age five, J.R. was groomed to be the heir apparent to his father Jock at Ewing Oil , an independent oil company that Jock ran in a very cutthroat, ruthless manner. After coming home from the Vietnam War in 1962, J.R. began his long tenure as an employee of Ewing Oil. He had no interest working on Southfork Ranch, which was mostly the domain of his mother Miss Ellie, and brothers Bobby and Ray Krebbs, but he did have a strong desire to keep Southfork in the family. Middle brother Gary was mostly influenced by his mother and embraced the Southworth tradition of ranching on Southfork and had no interest in Ewing Oil . J.R. was married to Miss Texas beauty queen Sue Ellen Shepard in 1970. A beautiful former " Miss Texas ", Sue Ellen would became an alcoholic due to J.R.'s endless philandering and scheming, which would cause a great strain on their tumuluous marriage. J.R. would resort to just about anything to get what he wanted. One plot included even mortgaging Southfork Ranch behind his family's back. Sometimes, he would ally himself with a corrupt Dallas Police detective, Harry McSween ( James E. Brown ), in order to get what he wanted. J.R. often had McSween issue arrest warrants for trumped up charges (usually false) against, most notably, Peter Richards ( Christopher Atkins ), who was driven out of Dallas on trumped up drug charges; his sister in-law, Kristin Shepard ( Mary Crosby ), whose rivalry with him resulted in her shooting J.R. in 1980 and later in her death in 1981; and attorney Alan Beam ( Randolph Powell ), with whom she was allied. 2012 "Dallas" TNT Revival series Edit J. R. returns in the 2012 revival of the series , which focuses on J. R.'s son John Ross Ewing III and Bobby's adopted son Christopher Ewing. To J. R.'s delight, John Ross has become a carbon copy of him, in that he is more focused on Ewing Oil , and is bent on money, power and greed. As the series begins J.R. has spent the last few years in a nursing home, suffering from chronic depression and not speaking despite visits from Bobby. Bobby visits and tells J.R. that all of their fights over Ewing Oil and Southfork changed him in ways he doesn't like and that he wants Christopher and John Ross to be a real family and not be like them always fighting. When John Ross eventually visits him on Bobby's suggestion, he says that Bobby plans to sell Southfork, J.R. finally rouses himself to help his son fight the attempts to block his drilling for oil on the ranch and tells John Ross that Bobby was always a fool. He reveals that he is working alongside Marta Del Sol , the daughter of an old friend of J.R.'s, who owns millions of acres of land. Marta is supposedly offering a partnership to Bobby but it's J.R. pulling the strings as when Bobby signs Southfork to Marta's conservatory, it'll really be going to J.R. John Ross is really working alongside Marta, with J.R. seeing them together but not seeming to mind. J.R. surprises everyone by showing up at a family gathering (acting much more invalid such as using a walker) and apologizing to Bobby and Sue Ellen for his actions of the past. He later goes to Mexico to see Marta's father but he knows nothing of any deal. He then introduces his daughter only she's not the woman J.R. knows as Marta. Realizing he's been fooled, J.R. tells Del Sol he's made a mistake and bites out that Marta should meet his son as "he's a chip off the old block." J.R. eventually succeeds in getting Southfork from Bobby and doesn't waste any time in beginning to drill for oil on Southfork. He also cuts John Ross out of the partnership. However, he does give his son power of attorney to run his business ventures. Death Edit In the Dallas episode "Furious and the Fast " J.R. was talking to his son John Ross on his cellphone someone walks up to him and shoots him twice. He was then buried next to Jock and Miss Ellie. It was later revealed that J.R. had cancer and only had days to live in a letter he left for Bobby. J. R.'s Masterpiece Edit dude , after he had sex with his wife, constructed a master plan that would end the Barnes-Ewing feud. His plan was to have his private investigator Bum Jones kill him and frame Cliff Barnes for his murder. J. R. knew Cliff was in Mexico so he had someone move Cliff's plane to Nuevo Laredo, where J. R. was staying. After J.R.'s death, the Ewing family planted Cliff's finger prints on a fake of J. R.'s belt buckle then Pamela placed the buckle in the Barnes's safety deposit. The gun given to John Ross was then revealed to be Cliff's gun, which was what Bum used to kill J. R. Pamela arranges for Cliff to go to Mexico. She plants the gun in Cliff's car while he's boarding his private jet. When he arrives to Mexico, he is confronted by the Ewings and arrested for the murder of J. R. by the police. J.Rs Masterpiece written to Bobby Ewing by J.R. himself. Relationships Edit J.R. was married to Miss Texas beauty queen Sue Ellen Shepard in 1970, and he had a large amount of extramarital affairs, which culminated in their divorce in 1981; then again from 1982-1988). He was extremely cruel to his nemesis, Cliff Barnes , who his wife had an affair with. He had a son with her, John Ross , whom he chose as his favorite son. He had a third child with his second wife Cally Harper (1988-1991). Affairs Afton Cooper : Late 1980s. His eldest son, named James Richard Beaumont ( Sasha Mitchell ), came from an affair in France, with Vanessa Beaumont ( Gayle Hunnicutt ), a former secretary of his, with whom he would rekindle a romance, albeit briefly in Season 12 of the original series. Gallery	i don't know
The vacation destinations of Pattaya and Phuket are in which country?	Samantha H We spent a total of 19 days visiting Vietnam and Cambodia. I planned the trip with fairly short notice and rather individualized. Daisy was super accommodating with our requests even after our arrival. She showed great concern for our well-being when the weather turned cold as we were heading toward Sapa in the mountains. We purchased the ubiquitous "North Face" jackets for the experience of snow in Vietnam. Our trip had numerous guides and every form of travel. Never once were we stranded by our hosts. Our favorite parts of the trip were Sapa, Ha Long Bay (boat), Hoi An (beach), and Angkor Wat. In these and the other locations we always felt well taken care of in excellent hotels and on the arranged tours. The vacation using 365 Travel met our expectations and then some. I would highly recommend using 365 for your Southeast Asia travels. Gregory M , US When your knowledge of the language is limited to "hello" and "thank you" it's VERY desirable to have a native-speaking guide at your side, and 365 provides friendly, knowledgable, professionals waiting for you at every stop. And we had many stops in our four-week travels, excellently planned, collaboratively with us, by Daisy. They even shuttled us to and from a resort we booked independently. It's also compelling for us that every guides was local to the area we were visiting, and took pride and interest in their home area - besides having lots of useful information and guidance. Besides the Vietnam destinations mentioned in other reviews, we stopped in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap (for the Angkor complex), Luang Prabang, Chiang Mai, and Bangkok. Fascinating. Too many highlights to mention - though being at a temple hearing monks chanting into the New Year, and then seeing revelers launch small hot-air balloons, was really special. Having an unscheduled day after the endless flights to Hanoi was a smart decision, as was a beach day before flying home! Good to know is that visits to workshops and demonstrations carry an expectation that you'll make a purchase - so be prepared to buy - or decline. We should also add that 365 accommodated our - sometimes last-minute - change requests, both before and during our travels. And that flexibility made for a more enjoyable / interesting / balanced trip. Finally we should add that we'd got a quote from another custom provider before we discovered 365 online, and 365 were able to offer a very similar itinerary at a very competitive rate. Should we return to the region, we wouldn't think of arranging it with another provider. Thanks Daisy, and all the guides. Visited December 2015 Mwb2016 , United States My family of four just completed a 14 day excursion with 365 Travel that included 4 days in Thailand, 3 days in Cambodia and 7 days in Vietnam. I worked with an amazing trip planner Hanna Doan who was extremely accomodating to all of our requests and allowed us great flexibility to make changes sometimes necessitated by air travel changes. She was a great resource when we chose to make some of the hotel arrangements on our own. I had the chance to meet Hanna in Hanoi and she was a lovely person who even gave us beautiful souvenier gifts from her country. I will start by saying that our family has traveled throughout the world with a number of great tour operators and the level of customer service focus of this company is about as good as it gets. At each of our stops, we were met by wonderful guides who were kind, passionate, informed and friendly and drivers who were not onlyexcellent drivers in navigating through an amazing web of traffic at many large cities but were always courteous and giving us water and facial wipes along the way. The guides responded to all of our questions, gave us suggestions and even treated us to local food and drink for tastings. They were also very patient with us waiting sometimes hours at the airport due to flight delays or visa issuance delays in Ho Chi Minh city. They made sure at hotels and airports that everything was in order before leaving us even though we had made some of these arrangements on our own. 365 Travel was extremely helpful in designing itineraries that met our needs in terms of the number and types of places we wanted to visit. Never did they say no to something or indicate that our requests were not reasonable. The lunches and dinners that were included were all very good with restaurants that provided good food and service by our standards. I can't say enough great things about their attention to detail and making sure their services were always to our satisfaction. Before the trip, I had considered 3 other recommended tour operators, which were larger and had more reviews. I went with 365 Travel mostly because of the attention Hanna provided and their great flexibility and knowledge. I found their pricing to be very fair. I am truly glad that I went with 365 Travel and recommend them without any reservation. A friend of mine who also used them on a Vietnam trip during the same period we were in were also very pleased with their services. The happy memories we created through this trip we owe in great part to the great attention and services we received from 365 Travel and Hanna. Visited December 2015 Oscar M , United States Hi Daisy. We had a wonderful trip to Hanoi and to Halong Bay. Your planning and service was very gracious and thorough. Mr. Hung was very interesting, intelligent and patient with us. His care and servicces were very accommodating. He knows the area and the history of the area which we appreciated very much. His help with our luggage and rescheduling our flight back to HCMC was very helpful. Thank you for such a memorable trip. When we return we will contact you and 365 again to plan our travels to other areas we would like to visit when we come again to Vietnam. We will share our experiences with our family and our friends. Louise chandler-Hones , United States We were very impressed with the quality of the guides/drivers/vehicles as well as the accommodations and logistics. Everything was as good or better than advertised. Kensington did an excellent job of taking care of all the little things as well. From providing a cell phone for use in country, to checking in with us periodically to make sure all was well. We'd definitely use and recommend Kensington for any future travel Bobby Lukeshaw , Norway Our trip to Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam was rich in culture and learning. 365 Travel made it so easy for us to be engaged in our trip instead of on our trip. Our responsibility was to enjoy and participate as the details of travel, accommodations and activities were all in place. This was no small activity as we boarded ten plane flights and went through immigration and customs five times all without incident. Each of our guides was unique in that they were from the culture therefore able to help immerse us in the culture. Having a personal guide allowed us to adjust the schedule based on our interests and various needs. The next time we travel somewhere this adventuresome, 365 Travel will be at our side. Johnathan Smith , United States We had a wonderful time, but would like to provide some more detailed feedback that may be useful. (Intent is to be helpful, not to complain, we have no complaints really.) 1) Guides: The guides turned out to be more essential than we thought. For one thing, we were able to see more and understand more without having to manage logistics. They were always very attentive, made sure we had water, didn't get lost, didn't get hassled, etc. Phong (HoiAn), however, set the bar, and maybe to the detriment of the other guides because she was absolutely amazing. She had an unerring ability to anticipate what we would like to see or do, when we might be flagging, when we needed quiet or fun, or food. She always seemed to have interesting background information we couldn't get from guide books. I mentioned that I would have liked to get a silk lantern and she arranged to have one for me when we got back to Hanoi (we missed the email she sent, however, so she offered to send it to Canada. Unbelievable.) She was delightful to be around and just the right amount of personal and professional. The others were for the most part, good, but language was really important and there was a range of capacity. The guide in Saigon was limited this way, and it was occasionally led to disappointment. Saigon was one place, though, where someone who was fluent in English would have made a significant difference. Ross McGregor and Julie White , United States Guides in Hanoi Siem Reep and Saigon were fantastic. May our guide in Saigon was so nice and very gracious. Our guide on the ship Adam was outstanding and would be a great asset to 365 Travel. The AMA sip was wonderful, food great, tours nice and service impeccable. We would use your agency again for sure. Thank you to Danny for Doing this for us. I would upgrade everyone to the Metropole in Hanoi. It was an experience in itself. A fine old world hotel. Rose Wilshere , Scotland Hello Alice, Thank you for your email - I was going to be writing to you today in any event to thank you and all at 365 for making our trip so memorable and indeed perfect! I will try to give you as much feedback here as possible and will try to be as logical as possible but forgive me if I miss anything out. Organisation: This was perfect throughout the trip in every respect with timekeeping perfect and the guides and drivers appearing as if by magic at exactly the right time. Guides: All 3 guides were very good being both friendly and very knowledgeable and really brought our trip alive, although I have to make a special mention of Thang who I think was exceptional. Hotels: All hotels were good but we felt that the Angkor Regency was the best hotel and also loved the Victoria as it was not only very good but also had special charm. The Green Palace was probably the least favourite. Vietnam Trips: We did so much in such a short space of time I will not try to mention all as we felt the itinerary was very very good for the whole trip. But worthy of mention was the Birthday Boat trip was very good despite the last minute change and it was very much appreciated by all of us - thank you once again! The Tunnels were also very good and we all loved all the trips on the Mekong. Cambodia Trips: The Killing Fields and S21 were very moving and should be seen by all and all the Temples at Angkor Wat were fantastic. I took over 1500 photos and will put some of these on the Westminster website. Please pass on my sincere thanks to Cindy and all those involved in making this a truly exceptional experience and I now have no hesitation at all in trying to encourage our clients from Westminster Tours to use 365. I will meet with Cindy when she is in London in November (please ask her to email me with exactly what dates she will be here) to see how best to develop things. Thank you all once again, Kevin Kevin R Smith , USA I could not be happier with your service and the planning of this wonderful trip. Everything was first class. Although I was traveling alone, I felt safe and secure at all times. In particular my travel consultant Danny P. should be highly praised for all his knowledge and work to put this together. Thank you Danny Danny , USA We enjoyed the entire trip. The guide in Hanoi was satisfactory. The guide in Hue and the rest of Vietnam Suooang was terrific. She went out of her way. We loved her. The guide Chia in Bangkok was also superior. He also went out of his way to add to our trip. The guide in Siem Repp was not terrific. I wore a sleeveless dress in the morning. We went back to the hotel after lunch before Angkor Wat. Of course they didn't want to let me go up to the top. He should have told me to change. He knew they wouldn't let me up. Anthony Berking , Germany Our guides were very customer oriented, except Johnny in Saigon, who really was so self interested and not focused on giving us the best tour. The last hotel was very poor compared to others and left us with a bad taste. Especially with Anantara only a few doors away. In addition, we asked for boutique hotels like Anantara and were put in a large corporate hotel in Saigon. The fact that the tour arranger did not pick up that we had no flights from Siem Reap to Hanoi was very disturbing and created much upset on the trip. We only did very touristy things. We were hoping, as with other tours, you would offer opportunities off the beaten track that were more original and different, this was disappointing.	Thailand
In medicine, what is the study of children and their illnesses known as?	Samantha H We spent a total of 19 days visiting Vietnam and Cambodia. I planned the trip with fairly short notice and rather individualized. Daisy was super accommodating with our requests even after our arrival. She showed great concern for our well-being when the weather turned cold as we were heading toward Sapa in the mountains. We purchased the ubiquitous "North Face" jackets for the experience of snow in Vietnam. Our trip had numerous guides and every form of travel. Never once were we stranded by our hosts. Our favorite parts of the trip were Sapa, Ha Long Bay (boat), Hoi An (beach), and Angkor Wat. In these and the other locations we always felt well taken care of in excellent hotels and on the arranged tours. The vacation using 365 Travel met our expectations and then some. I would highly recommend using 365 for your Southeast Asia travels. Gregory M , US When your knowledge of the language is limited to "hello" and "thank you" it's VERY desirable to have a native-speaking guide at your side, and 365 provides friendly, knowledgable, professionals waiting for you at every stop. And we had many stops in our four-week travels, excellently planned, collaboratively with us, by Daisy. They even shuttled us to and from a resort we booked independently. It's also compelling for us that every guides was local to the area we were visiting, and took pride and interest in their home area - besides having lots of useful information and guidance. Besides the Vietnam destinations mentioned in other reviews, we stopped in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap (for the Angkor complex), Luang Prabang, Chiang Mai, and Bangkok. Fascinating. Too many highlights to mention - though being at a temple hearing monks chanting into the New Year, and then seeing revelers launch small hot-air balloons, was really special. Having an unscheduled day after the endless flights to Hanoi was a smart decision, as was a beach day before flying home! Good to know is that visits to workshops and demonstrations carry an expectation that you'll make a purchase - so be prepared to buy - or decline. We should also add that 365 accommodated our - sometimes last-minute - change requests, both before and during our travels. And that flexibility made for a more enjoyable / interesting / balanced trip. Finally we should add that we'd got a quote from another custom provider before we discovered 365 online, and 365 were able to offer a very similar itinerary at a very competitive rate. Should we return to the region, we wouldn't think of arranging it with another provider. Thanks Daisy, and all the guides. Visited December 2015 Mwb2016 , United States My family of four just completed a 14 day excursion with 365 Travel that included 4 days in Thailand, 3 days in Cambodia and 7 days in Vietnam. I worked with an amazing trip planner Hanna Doan who was extremely accomodating to all of our requests and allowed us great flexibility to make changes sometimes necessitated by air travel changes. She was a great resource when we chose to make some of the hotel arrangements on our own. I had the chance to meet Hanna in Hanoi and she was a lovely person who even gave us beautiful souvenier gifts from her country. I will start by saying that our family has traveled throughout the world with a number of great tour operators and the level of customer service focus of this company is about as good as it gets. At each of our stops, we were met by wonderful guides who were kind, passionate, informed and friendly and drivers who were not onlyexcellent drivers in navigating through an amazing web of traffic at many large cities but were always courteous and giving us water and facial wipes along the way. The guides responded to all of our questions, gave us suggestions and even treated us to local food and drink for tastings. They were also very patient with us waiting sometimes hours at the airport due to flight delays or visa issuance delays in Ho Chi Minh city. They made sure at hotels and airports that everything was in order before leaving us even though we had made some of these arrangements on our own. 365 Travel was extremely helpful in designing itineraries that met our needs in terms of the number and types of places we wanted to visit. Never did they say no to something or indicate that our requests were not reasonable. The lunches and dinners that were included were all very good with restaurants that provided good food and service by our standards. I can't say enough great things about their attention to detail and making sure their services were always to our satisfaction. Before the trip, I had considered 3 other recommended tour operators, which were larger and had more reviews. I went with 365 Travel mostly because of the attention Hanna provided and their great flexibility and knowledge. I found their pricing to be very fair. I am truly glad that I went with 365 Travel and recommend them without any reservation. A friend of mine who also used them on a Vietnam trip during the same period we were in were also very pleased with their services. The happy memories we created through this trip we owe in great part to the great attention and services we received from 365 Travel and Hanna. Visited December 2015 Oscar M , United States Hi Daisy. We had a wonderful trip to Hanoi and to Halong Bay. Your planning and service was very gracious and thorough. Mr. Hung was very interesting, intelligent and patient with us. His care and servicces were very accommodating. He knows the area and the history of the area which we appreciated very much. His help with our luggage and rescheduling our flight back to HCMC was very helpful. Thank you for such a memorable trip. When we return we will contact you and 365 again to plan our travels to other areas we would like to visit when we come again to Vietnam. We will share our experiences with our family and our friends. Louise chandler-Hones , United States We were very impressed with the quality of the guides/drivers/vehicles as well as the accommodations and logistics. Everything was as good or better than advertised. Kensington did an excellent job of taking care of all the little things as well. From providing a cell phone for use in country, to checking in with us periodically to make sure all was well. We'd definitely use and recommend Kensington for any future travel Bobby Lukeshaw , Norway Our trip to Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam was rich in culture and learning. 365 Travel made it so easy for us to be engaged in our trip instead of on our trip. Our responsibility was to enjoy and participate as the details of travel, accommodations and activities were all in place. This was no small activity as we boarded ten plane flights and went through immigration and customs five times all without incident. Each of our guides was unique in that they were from the culture therefore able to help immerse us in the culture. Having a personal guide allowed us to adjust the schedule based on our interests and various needs. The next time we travel somewhere this adventuresome, 365 Travel will be at our side. Johnathan Smith , United States We had a wonderful time, but would like to provide some more detailed feedback that may be useful. (Intent is to be helpful, not to complain, we have no complaints really.) 1) Guides: The guides turned out to be more essential than we thought. For one thing, we were able to see more and understand more without having to manage logistics. They were always very attentive, made sure we had water, didn't get lost, didn't get hassled, etc. Phong (HoiAn), however, set the bar, and maybe to the detriment of the other guides because she was absolutely amazing. She had an unerring ability to anticipate what we would like to see or do, when we might be flagging, when we needed quiet or fun, or food. She always seemed to have interesting background information we couldn't get from guide books. I mentioned that I would have liked to get a silk lantern and she arranged to have one for me when we got back to Hanoi (we missed the email she sent, however, so she offered to send it to Canada. Unbelievable.) She was delightful to be around and just the right amount of personal and professional. The others were for the most part, good, but language was really important and there was a range of capacity. The guide in Saigon was limited this way, and it was occasionally led to disappointment. Saigon was one place, though, where someone who was fluent in English would have made a significant difference. Ross McGregor and Julie White , United States Guides in Hanoi Siem Reep and Saigon were fantastic. May our guide in Saigon was so nice and very gracious. Our guide on the ship Adam was outstanding and would be a great asset to 365 Travel. The AMA sip was wonderful, food great, tours nice and service impeccable. We would use your agency again for sure. Thank you to Danny for Doing this for us. I would upgrade everyone to the Metropole in Hanoi. It was an experience in itself. A fine old world hotel. Rose Wilshere , Scotland Hello Alice, Thank you for your email - I was going to be writing to you today in any event to thank you and all at 365 for making our trip so memorable and indeed perfect! I will try to give you as much feedback here as possible and will try to be as logical as possible but forgive me if I miss anything out. Organisation: This was perfect throughout the trip in every respect with timekeeping perfect and the guides and drivers appearing as if by magic at exactly the right time. Guides: All 3 guides were very good being both friendly and very knowledgeable and really brought our trip alive, although I have to make a special mention of Thang who I think was exceptional. Hotels: All hotels were good but we felt that the Angkor Regency was the best hotel and also loved the Victoria as it was not only very good but also had special charm. The Green Palace was probably the least favourite. Vietnam Trips: We did so much in such a short space of time I will not try to mention all as we felt the itinerary was very very good for the whole trip. But worthy of mention was the Birthday Boat trip was very good despite the last minute change and it was very much appreciated by all of us - thank you once again! The Tunnels were also very good and we all loved all the trips on the Mekong. Cambodia Trips: The Killing Fields and S21 were very moving and should be seen by all and all the Temples at Angkor Wat were fantastic. I took over 1500 photos and will put some of these on the Westminster website. Please pass on my sincere thanks to Cindy and all those involved in making this a truly exceptional experience and I now have no hesitation at all in trying to encourage our clients from Westminster Tours to use 365. I will meet with Cindy when she is in London in November (please ask her to email me with exactly what dates she will be here) to see how best to develop things. Thank you all once again, Kevin Kevin R Smith , USA I could not be happier with your service and the planning of this wonderful trip. Everything was first class. Although I was traveling alone, I felt safe and secure at all times. In particular my travel consultant Danny P. should be highly praised for all his knowledge and work to put this together. Thank you Danny Danny , USA We enjoyed the entire trip. The guide in Hanoi was satisfactory. The guide in Hue and the rest of Vietnam Suooang was terrific. She went out of her way. We loved her. The guide Chia in Bangkok was also superior. He also went out of his way to add to our trip. The guide in Siem Repp was not terrific. I wore a sleeveless dress in the morning. We went back to the hotel after lunch before Angkor Wat. Of course they didn't want to let me go up to the top. He should have told me to change. He knew they wouldn't let me up. Anthony Berking , Germany Our guides were very customer oriented, except Johnny in Saigon, who really was so self interested and not focused on giving us the best tour. The last hotel was very poor compared to others and left us with a bad taste. Especially with Anantara only a few doors away. In addition, we asked for boutique hotels like Anantara and were put in a large corporate hotel in Saigon. The fact that the tour arranger did not pick up that we had no flights from Siem Reap to Hanoi was very disturbing and created much upset on the trip. We only did very touristy things. We were hoping, as with other tours, you would offer opportunities off the beaten track that were more original and different, this was disappointing.	i don't know
What is the name of the shrub known as the butterfly bush?	Types of Butterfly Bush Types of Butterfly Bush Types of Butterfly Bush Kinds of Buddleia Shrubs: Pink, Blue, Non-Invasive Butterfly bush is lovely and draws butterflies, but the species plant is invasive in many areas. Seek non-invasive cultivars or native alternatives, instead. David Beaulieu By David Beaulieu Updated February 13, 2016. Butterfly bush shrub (Buddleia davidii) is known for many things. For starters, it's easy to grow and produces striking flower spikes, which, thanks to the magic of the cultivar developers, now come in a number of colors, including pink and blue. And of course, first and foremost, the shrubs are known for what they attract, namely, their namesakes, which are the closest thing to real fairies that our gardens will ever enjoy. So what's not to like about butterfly bush? You'd be surprised! It has its detractors, largely because there's one other thing the shrub is widely known for: invasiveness! Although not invasive everywhere, the species plant is invasive in enough areas to have given "butterfly bush" a bad name. Below I offer 3 resources on butterfly bush. The third one introduces a Buddleia davidii that is supposed to be a non-invasive type. That would be welcome news, indeed! Admirers of Buddleia davidii in America's Pacific Northwest, in particular, have longed for news of a non-invasive butterfly bush.... continue reading below our video How to Make a Space Feel Brighter Butterfly Bush : Introduction Butterfly bush comes in a number of colors. In fact, there is even a multi-colored type (Buddleia x weyeriana 'Bicolor'). But before reading about some of the specific colors the plant comes in, newcomers to the subject may wish to read my introductory article on Buddleia davidii, which includes observations pertinent to the controversy that swirls around this shrub. When you're finished reading, come back and learn about some relatively new types that bear pink or blue flowers, plus (potentially) a non-invasive cultivar: In the Pink: 'Miss Ruby' I've grown 'Miss Ruby,' a cultivar with pink flowers, and I'm very happy with the blossom color. Fortunately, the "Ruby" part of the name isn't just there for show: This shrub's flowers aren't merely pink, they're a rich, deep pink. Another cultivar offering pink blooms is 'Pink Delight.' Click the link below to read more about 'Miss Ruby': "Blue" Butterfly Bushes and a Non-Invasive Type? Frankly, I can't say that the flower color of 'Blue Chip' is its chief selling point. Maybe other gardeners have coaxed truly blue flowers out of theirs, but mine show only hints of blue. From some of the pictures I've seen of a type of Buddleia davidii named 'Ellen's Blue,' I'm thinking that the latter cultivar may hold out a better hope for gardeners seeking a true blue butterfly bush. But it's not all about the color with 'Blue Chip.' This plant is said to be a non-invasive Buddleia davidii. Learn more about this potentially breakout cultivar by clicking on the link below:	Buddleja
Can you name South Africa's national animal?	6 Plants That Beat Butterfly Bush for the Wildlife Draw 6 Plants That Beat Butterfly Bush for the Wildlife Draw Garden Guides → Native Plants 6 Plants That Beat Butterfly Bush for the Wildlife Draw It's invasive, a nonnative and a poor insect magnet. Check out these better alternatives to butterfly bush in the garden Benjamin Vogt September 10, 2013 Houzz Contributor. I'm a big advocate for bringing the tallgrass prairie into our urban lives -- only 1% remains, making it more threatened than the Amazon rainforest yet also as effective at sequestering CO2. I own Monarch Gardens LLC, a prairie garden consulting & design firm based in Nebraska, and speak nationally on native plants, sustainable design, and landscape ethics. My 4,500’ home garden has been featured online at Garden Design and Fine Gardening, while my writing and photography appears in over 70 publications. In the coming years we’d like to start a boutique nursery and artist residency on a 40+ acre restored prairie. Gardens are revolutions that wake us to our world! Houzz Contributor. I'm a big advocate for bringing the tallgrass prairie into our... More Email Currently Featured in: US Click "Embed" to display an article on your own website or blog. In the late afternoon and early evening, when the summer sun is its most potent, the insects are in frenetic action. All over the garden, the tips of flowers launch into the air — if there were such thing as an insect air traffic controller, it would have lost its mind long ago. Bees, wasps, flies, moths, beetles and butterflies work to satiate their own hunger on nectar plants, while on others they gather pollen to feed their young miles away. Above the native prairie plants — culver’s root , aster , boneset , coreopsis , milkweed , ironweed and American senna — the sound of wings can be heard 10 feet away. But over by the butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii), one lone tiger swallowtail works the blooms, like a tourist at a restaurant the locals never visit. The Problems With Butterfly Bush No one believes me, not even when I post videos online. The butterfly bush sees one-tenth, even one-twentieth of the action of almost any other native plant. Sure, an occasional butterfly or bumblebee, a sphinx moth, may fly by, but it's hardly anything to write home about. Even just as a nectar source, other nonnatives, like lavender and caryopteris, get far more insects — and as you know, insects are the base of the food chain for birds and us. Here's the thing about butterfly bush. It has proven invasive on both U.S. coasts. Maybe not in small backyard gardens, but birds carry off the seed to the point that it's popping up in unmanaged fields and roadside areas. A native of Asia, it has no checks and balances in the U.S., and as a larger wildlife-supporting plant, it just doesn't pass muster. I know we all plant butterfly bush to help insects, but the plant's name is simply as successful a marketing tactic as I've ever seen.	i don't know
What is the Caribbean island of St Christopher commonly known as?	The 27 most visited destinations in the Caribbean The 27 most visited destinations in the Caribbean \| Published on March 17, 2015 27. Montserrat is located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands known as the Lesser Antilles, in the West Indies. In 2013 it saw just 7,202 visitors. David MacGillivary, Montserrat Tourist Board 26. Anguilla is one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles, lying east of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and directly north of Saint Martin. In 2013 it saw 69,068 visitors. Anguilla Tourist Board 25. St. Vincent & The Grenadines (also known simply as St. Vincent) is located in the Lesser Antilles Island arc, in the southern portion of the Windward Islands. It saw 71,725 visitors in 2013. St. Vincent & The Grenadines Tourist Office 24. Dominica, officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Lesser Antilles region of the Caribbean Sea, south-southeast of Guadeloupe and northwest of Martinique. 'The Nature Island' saw 78,277 visitors in 2013. Discover Dominica Authority 23. The Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis (also known as St. Kitts and Nevis), located in the Leeward Islands, is a federal two-island country in the West Indies. The small nation saw 100,997 visitors in 2013. Getty Images 22. Grenada is located at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. The nation saw 116,456 visitors in 2013. Grenada Board of Tourism 21. Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a sovereign state on the Caribbean coast of South America. The country saw 165,841 visitors in 2013. Getty Images 20. Bermuda is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean, located off the east coast of North America. The island's pink sands saw 236,343 visitors in 2013. The Bermuda Department of Tourism 19. Antigua and Barbuda is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The two islands saw 243,932 visitors in 2013. Antigua Barbuda Tourist Office 18. Suriname, officially known as the Republic of Suriname, is a country on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. The nation saw 249,102 visitors in 2013. Getty Images 17. The Turks and Caicos Islands, or TCI for short, are a British Overseas Territory in the Lucayan Archipelago, part of the larger Antilles island grouping. The islands saw 290,587 visitors in 2013. Turks and Caicos Tourist Office 16. Belize is a nation-state on the eastern coast of Central America. It saw 294,176 visitors in 2013. Demian Solano, Belize Tourist Board Fullscreen 15. Saint Lucia is located in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. The island saw 318,626 visitors in 2013. St. Lucia Tourist Board Fullscreen 14. The Cayman Islands are a British Overseas Territory in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica. They saw 345,387 visitors in 2013. Cayman Islands Department of Tourism 13. The Virgin Islands, commonly referred to as the British Virgin Islands, is a British overseas territory located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The islands saw 355,677 visitors in 2013. The British Virgin Islands Tourist Board Haïti, officially the Republic of Haïti, occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti saw 419,736 visitors in 2013. Rafaelle Castera, Haiti Office of Tourism 11. Curaçao is an island in the southern Caribbean Sea, north of the Venezuelan coast, that forms part of the Dutch Caribbean. It saw 440,044 visitors in 2013. Curacao Tourist Board 10. Sint Maarten is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It encompasses the southern third of the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. The nation saw 467,259 visitors in 2013. St Maarten Tourist Bureau 9. Martinique is an island in the Lesser Antilles in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Its sunny shores saw 489,706 visitors last year. Luc Olivier, Martinique Tourist Board 8. Barbados is a sovereign island country in the Lesser Antilles. This little island saw 508,520 visitors in 2013. Barbados Tourism Authority--UK Fullscreen 7. The Virgin Islands of the United States (commonly called the U.S. Virgin Islands) are a group of islands in the Caribbean that are an insular area of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles. The USVI saw 702,963 visitors in 2013. U.S. Virgin Islands Department of Tourism 6. Aruba is an island in the southern Caribbean Sea, located about 994 miles west of the Lesser Antilles and 18 miles north of the coast of Venezuela. It saw 979,256 visitors in 2013. Getty Images Fullscreen 5. The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country consisting of more than 700 islands, cays, and islets in the Atlantic Ocean; north of Cuba and Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti). The Bahamas saw 1,363,487 visitors in 2013. Bahamas Tourist Office 4. Puerto Rico, officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a United States territory located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic. The island saw 1,588,677 visitors in 2013. Puerto Rico Tourism Company 3. Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, comprising the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. The island saw 2,008,409 visitors in 2013. The Jamaica Tourist Board 2. Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country in the Caribbean just south of Florida. It saw 2,851,330 visitors in 2013. Cuba Tourist Board Fullscreen 1. Claiming the crown of Most Visited Destination in the Caribbean (by a WIDE margin) is the Dominican Republic. The Dominican Republic occupies the other half of the island of Hispaniola, which it shares with Haiti. The nation saw an astonishing 4,689,770 visitors in 2013. Getty Images Like this topic? You may also like these photo galleries: Replay	Saint Kitts
Where would you find the Atacama Desert?	St Kitts and Nevis - The mother colony of the West Indies \| Monarch&Co International Capital Invest St Kitts and Nevis - The mother colony of the West Indies James Bowling, CEO of Monarch&Co, discusses the citizenship through investment options available in St Kitts and Nevis Geographically considered to be a part of the Leeward Islands, the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, or as it is more commonly known, the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, is a federal two-island country in the West Indies. In both size and population, St Kitts and Nevis is the smallest sovereign state in the Americas, approximately 2 000km southeast from Miami in the northern section of the Eastern Caribbean Sea. The islands were among the first of the Caribbean islands to be settled by Europeans, with St Kitts the first home to both English and French colonies in the Caribbean. This gave rise to the island receiving the title of being The Mother Colony of the West Indies. “While the islands gained their independence from Britain in 1983 to form the twin-island federation, they are still extremely welcoming to foreigners. In fact, the islands established the first Citizenship by Investment Programme a year after their independence to encourage foreign investment into the country. Their citizenship programme is the oldest prevailing economic citizenship programme of its kind today,” says James Bowling, CEO of Monarch& Co, a company that specialises in facilitating Citizenship and Residency Programmes throughout the world. Bowling notes that as with many island countries, the St Kitts and Nevis economy is reliant on tourism, agriculture and light manufacturing industries, with the islands primary export being sugar. The ideal location and beauty of the islands have seen the tourism industry expand since 1978. Visitors to the islands grew from around 379 473 arrivals in 2007 to around 587 479 in 2009. The growth in tourism has resulted in a demand for accommodation on the islands, which in turn has resulted in the development of more property. In an attempt to boost the economy and diversify the reliance on the tourism and agriculture sectors, the government initiated the Citizenship by Investment Programme. This gives investors the opportunity to gain citizenship through either a property purchase in an approved real estate development to the value of US$400 000 or a monetary contribution to the Sugar Industry Diversification Foundation (SIDF) at a prescribed contribution level. Through the programme, St Kitts and Nevis is firmly on its way to becoming one of the Caribbean’s most luxurious and popular destinations. “The Citizenship by Investment Programme offers several benefits such as full citizenship for the investor and their family, which can be passed onto future generations by descent,” says Bowling. “Apart from the opportunity to reside in most of the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) member countries at any time or for any length of stay, St Kitts and Nevis citizenship also allows the investor and their family to travel visa-free to more than 100 countries, including all of the European Union territories.” Bowling explains that the process of the application is relatively fast, taking between four and eight months with the inclusion of dependent children below the age of 25 years old. He notes that aside from the financial investment, to qualify, applicants must have no criminal record, be in excellent health and have a high personal net wealth. According to Bowling, when compared to other Caribbean islands, St Kitts and Nevis real estate prices have remained fairly low, which means that the potential for capital appreciation in the value of the property over the mandatory five-year ownership period is substantial. “Statistics have shown that from 2009 to 2012 certain residential developments appreciated in value between 5% and 9% per annum, while others show growth of between 7% and 12% per annum for the same period. This proves that the real estate investments on the islands are viable vehicles to grow investment value,” says Bowling. “Citizenship by Investment Programmes offer South African investors the opportunity to become a citizen of a country that offers both sound investment options and all the lifestyle benefits that living on a Caribbean island provides,” he concludes. For more information contact:	i don't know
In which park would you find 'London Zoo'?	ZSL London Zoo - Zoo in London - Zoological Society of London (ZSL) Celebrate National Winnie-the-Pooh Day by discovering more about the real-life bear from ZSL London Zoo that inspired author A.A. Milne. zsllondonzoo Our adorable narrow-striped mongoose baby is sure to brighten #BlueMonday! zsllondonzoo No lie in for Jae Jae this morning! Happy #Caturday zsllondonzoo One of the Zoo’s most famous structures was designed by Lord Snowdon himself and today we're saddened by the news that he has passed away. Ralph Armond, Director General at ZSL, said: “Lord Snowdon will be sadly missed. He created a truly unique piece of architecture for ZSL London Zoo. He was inspired by the graceful movements of flying birds and conceived a pioneering aviary that looks almost weightless - like a bird. It is an iconic piece of architecture so we are proud to have something very special to remember him by.” zsllondonzoo Join us LIVE as keeper Amy tells us all about our vicunas! zsllondonzoo Ever wondered what happened on this day at the Zoo in 1828? Well, now you can find out as volumes of the Zoo's fascinating daily occurrences have been made available to view online for the very first time. From animal births to special visitors, the daily records contain an amazing breadth of information that zoologists and historians alike have been using as an amazing resource. zsllondonzoo Meet the 'Skywalker' hoolock gibbon, a new species discovered in the rainforests of China. A team of scientists, led by Fan Peng-Fei from Sun Yat-sen University and including ZSL's Dr Samuel Turvey, used the force (and a comprehensive scientific study of gibbon genetics) to determine that the Skywalker is in fact a completely distinct species of gibbon. It was named Skywalker because the Chinese characters of its scientific name mean "Heaven's movement" and the primates spend their time high in the rainforest canopy, but also because the team are big fans of the Star Wars films. zsllondonzoo Fancy taking on a new challenge in 2017? Why not put yourself to the test with the ZSL Stampede. Enjoy a 5k or 10k running route through the Zoo and Regent's Park all while raising money for precious wildlife around the world! zsllondonzoo Did you know that all clownfish are born male? The dominant male will change sex when the female of the school dies. zsllondonzoo Brand new for 2017, why not take on our Zoo to Zoo bike ride between London and Whipsnade! The wildest bike ride in the south east will see cyclists pushing their pedals for wildlife on Sunday the 2nd of July. The long-distance route will take in three counties along the journey, with cityscapes and countryside vistas to admire along the way. zsllondonzoo	Regent's Park
An 'Oryx' is what kind of animal?	Featured A really good day out! Tickets aren't cheap but there is more than enough in the zoo to keep you busy for a whole day. A great selection of animal enclosures including an aquarium and reptile house. My personal highlights were the Tiger feeding, the Penguin show and the Gorillas. Food and Drinks are expensive but thats to be expected at such a big London attraction. I would recommend the Sblended milkshake bar, selling animal themed milkshakes with flavours such as 'Lion Bars', 'Penguin Bars' and 'Malteasers (Malt-Ant-Eaters)' If you leave early enough you should definitely consider leaving via the boat ride which leaves from the north side of the zoo, it can be very busy but well worth it! Helpful? Niomi Harris Tastemaker Featured A lovely day out for the whole family. I went with my boyfriend for my birthday and we had an amazing time. At £27 each, it was a tad pricey, but it's not so bad considering there's so much to see and you'll be in there for hours- give yourself at least 5 if you want to see everything. Highlights include the 'Into Africa' section (where the giraffes seemed more than happy to pose for pictures!) the walk-through Lemur enclosure and the penguin beach. Disappointingly, there were no Lion's as a new exhibit is being built for 2016 and if you're unlucky enough to catch the Tigers after they've had their lunch, they'll probably be asleep! If the weather is good, this is the perfect place to while away a sunny day- but be sure to wear comfy shoes! Helpful? Laura B Tastemaker Featured I'm not entirely sure how I feel about zoos - especially this one as I don't feel the large animals have enough space to move. Am not convinced the tigers could even get to full pace in their enclosure which saddens me (or certainly not for more than a couple of paces). Also, no lions there at present - their enclosure is being rebuilt to open in 2016. Saw some animals pacing but the place is well maintained and would take a full day if you take your time and have a leisurely lunch. Feels relatively small but takes more time than you think. Helpful? GeorgeX Tastemaker Featured A 36-acre zoo, in the north side of Regent Park that will keep you busy a whole day and you will really have fun either going with friends or having kids with you. Grab a free map in the entrance (ticket price quite fair for the size of the zoo) and explore the different organized areas; there is a gorilla kingdom, a tiger territory,a lions land, a penguins beach, a bugs building, an aquirium, the butterflies land, into the africa section, meerkats, monkeys and so many more. In many instances you can even walk and be in a breath distance from many of these animals. Really well organised zoo, with lots of animals and lots of daily events/activities to spend your day. Helpful? Ann R Featured I haven't been to London Zoo since they kept the big cats in small cages so I was pleasantly surprised to find how much it had changed. The Lions now have a wonderful enclosure called The Land of the Lions and it is themed as an indian village. The three walkways give you a good chance of seeing the pride but are not intrusive to the animals. Another revamped enclosure is Tiger Territory and we were lucky enough to see the new baby tiger cubs on our visit. In fact most of the exhibits seem to have been updated with maybe the exception of the Aquarium and the Insect House (but then how fussy are fish and insects about their environment?). The penguins now have a much nicer enclosure and its design allows visitors to see them both out and in the water. It is a little pricey to get into the Zoo but there is enough there to keep a family busy all day and there are many interactive things for children to do. Well worth a visit! Helpful? Lizzie W Tastemaker Featured This review is for both the zoo and the sunset safari combined! I have been to nicer zoos with bigger better enclosures and also more animals however for a zoo in the middle of London - this place is pretty good! Sunset safari offers visitors the time to wander round the zoo early evening which meant it was a lot quieter. They also had lots of food stalls and music playing which added to the atmosphere. I have been to the zoo on a weekend before and sunset safari is a much nicer time to visit! Aided by sunny weather and a few ciders we had a fab time at the zoo. Highlights at the moment are the new lemur enclosure, the other monkey enclosure and the gorgeous tigers. Unfortunately the baby gorilla (5months old) has an early bed time so the gorilla kingdom was closed :( and the lions have been relocated for the summer! Will be back next year for sure! Helpful? Kishma S Tastemaker Featured A cheap day out this aint, but it is a full day out and if you come prepared with food and drinks and navigate the exit through the gift shop that every parent loves then you don't have to take out a second mortgage to have a nice day out. A lot has changed since I last visted a few years ago. The attraction I was most looking forward too was the Gir Lion exhibit. The exhibit didn't disappoint but it cost a lot of money to depict an Indian village as accurately as possible so it should be impressive. It is a very well done attraction that even has a a train platform and Indian snack stall. Shame the lions don't care and were asleep in the corner. The bug house was a new experience too with an open rainforest section where you can get closer to some very scary cage-less spiders. There's even a mirror next to one so you can take a spider selfie and show how cool you are on Facebook/Instagram/snapchat/whatever. The main issue with the zoo, aside from being at the mercy of the British weather, is that animals don't care if you've been looking forward to your visit or if it's your daughter's birthday, if they don't want to cooperate then they wont. No amount of staring into the enclosure trying to will the animals to appear will work (I tried). As long as your enthusiasm is tempered with the knowledge that you may actually see very few animals and may end up buying an overpriced piece of tat then you'll have a great day.* *Wear sensible shoes. The zoo is huge and it's a healthy walk to the closest tube stations too. Helpful? Hollibakes Tastemaker Featured I'm both for and against this kinda thing. I mean, the conservation work that London Zoo does is applaudable, but seeing some of the enclosures the animals are kept in really tugs at the heart strings. I will say though that having visited a couple of weeks ago, it is a lot better than it was years ago when I went last, but I still think that some improvements can be made, especially with the ticket price being close to £30 per person. Obvs if you book online before hand you can save yourself some dollar. I actually drove to London Zoo this time instead of using public transport and it took me pretty much the same amount of time from South East London that it would getting the train, tube and walking from Camden. There is a car park you can use, but this is almost £15 to use for the day, and if you leave your car there over night you have to pay £70!! I opted to go for one of the hundreds of pay and display bays outside the zoo entrance. Costing £2.20 per hour, you can stay for a maximum of four hours here, nearly cutting the price you'd pay if you were using the zoo's own car park. This is a pleasant day out whether you have children or not, but with quite a lot of walking to do, be prepared for the little ones to get somewhat restless! Lastly, having been again to mainly see the bran new Land of the Lions, I have to praise London Zoo on the work they have done here. It really feels like you've been transported over to Sasan Gir in India! You embark on an amazing adventure through the towns, seeing the different market stalls selling bits and bobs as well as the local train station. There are also little lodges I believe you can hire out overnight so you'll be able to wake up to the sound of lion roars! Helpful? Sarah R tastemaker Featured A day out in the Zoo is such a good alternative to your usual weekend activities. Embrace your inner child, be giddy with excitement and spend some time on fresh air. Well, as fresh as it can be in London. Zoo is very spacious, so allow yourself at least few hours to enjoy it and walk around and it probably still won’t be long enough to see everything. There is so much to see! I was amazed when I realised how close you can get to animals, especially lemurs and little monkeys. Zoo organizes a range of daily activities, so you can observe feeding of the tigers or go to Penguin Beach, where you watch penguins swimming under water and listen to presenter explaining penguins’ lives. Land of Lions is an exciting new addition which is another reason to visit the Zoo. As an animal lover I am fully aware that animals in Zoos are kept in a small space, in unnatural environment….However, I feel that eventhough that is the case, being an animal in London Zoo isn’t too bad! Observing the staff, they have so much dedication and love for animals, and animals really looked well-kept and taken care off. I am tempted to get ZSL Membership. Definitely looking forward to sunnier and warmer days when I plan to stay here even longer Helpful? Tom Bruce Tastemaker Featured London Animal Prison is, unequivocally, the best place to pay almost £30 see wild animals in their unnatural habitat. Trapped in tiny enclosures a fraction of the size of the territory that they would normally roam, the menagerie of vibrant, extraordinary creatures lounge around waiting for food to be thrown at them by minimum wage workers, because there is literally nothing else to do! Waited on hand and foot, these magnificent specimens - which run the gamut of evolutionary possibility, from dung beetles to gorillas to giraffes (and a few other sorts too) - can be photographed interacting with one another in a way which is totally unrepresentative of how they might behave in the environment that they have adapted, over millions of years, to survive in. In-fighting, health problems, and depression are common, though trained veterinarians are on hand to alleviate symptoms well enough to meet animal welfare standards and keep the money coming in. But these animals are given food daily so they don’t have to starve like in the jungle, although if it's given to a predator then it's usually already dead, which means there is no chance for it to practice its play and hunting skills. Furthermore, there are visitor information signs telling the public how endangered these animals are, and that the world is full of pollution now, so London Animal Prison's incarceration of wildlife is completely fine. Preferable, even! If the animals could speak, they'd have nothing but praise for the place and the wardens who run it. Although nobody has conducted an official survey, the vast majority of London Animal Prison's population would probably state their utmost gratitude for the millions of visitors they receive each year. Having so many admirers must be a wonderful thing. Usually, a total lack of keeper supervision means that your kids can rap on glass panels - a dominant feature of most animal inmate's cells - for hours on end while you document the event on a smart phone. But when the savage monkey/tiger/sloth strikes back against the bulletproof, three inch thick glass, you'll be glad it's there, and you'll be right to condemn the bestial behaviour of the savages that tried to lay a paw on your boy and made him cry. "They deserve to be locked up!", you would be correct in saying. Watching the tigers drag themselves from their sleeping dens to gnaw on chunks of mangled flesh is a stimulating experience, and really gets the bloodlust going. Their majesty and prowess in walking slowly over to a hunk of meat is awesome to behold, even in their lethargic state, which has been brought on by enduring years of captivity and the same boring routine day after day, for as long as they have lived; they are in a true ‘winter of the mind’, and expert zookeepers ensure that the only release will be a slow death drawn out agonisingly through the use of stringent medical procedures and medication plans that are not in the least bit in keeping with the 'realistic', 'natural' conditions that a tiger should be in, but which London Animal Prison insists it is. It is basically nature, only safer! No doubt you and your family will be hungry after witnessing the beasts at feast...so why not head on to one of London Animal Prison's visitor-only canteens, where dead animals are served for incredibly low prices. You will find to your delight that the value of life is much, much less when the living creature isn't endangered and there are billions of them all about the place. Tuna fish, pigs, chickens, and cows are all on the menu - none of those are in London Animal Prison though, possibly because they'd be boring to watch. But because they are out of sight they are out of mind! And remember, the animals you eat were not meant to be in a zoo or cared for by vets - they were bred to be eaten, so stop worrying about it! Besides, they spend their miserable little lives in much larger facilities with all of their friends and don't have to share with any other species like the reptiles and monkeys and birds at London Animal Prison do. It's fine. It's all fine. Helpful? MandyGo Tastemaker Featured London Zoo is an iconic attraction in the capital. It's pretty cool when you think that at your desk in Soho, you're less than 3 miles from a Tiger. No one can deny, it's a great day out. I was even lucky enough to go to Zoo Lates when that ran – but can understand why that quickly went away, as having a party in the complex isn't really fair on the animals. They need their time out too! The place is pretty big, so expect a good 5 hour + walk to really get the most out of seeing the animals. They are well looked after and ZSL staff are very informative and trained, which gives you a bit of comfort. Having said that, having a Zoo in the capital is nostalgic and pretty cool. And I'm very grateful. As long as some of my money goes to the welfare of the animals, I'm happy to spend the ticket price. If you are one of those people that deem it a tad pricey, there are certain parts of Regents Park you can head to and still get a glimpse of the animals – Giraffes, Zebras, Penguins, Llamas, Deer and WartHog to name a few! Just donate some money to an animal charity if you go for this free option... Helpful? Beki Lacy Featured I love London Zoo! I came here a little while back and I'm passionate about animals so love going to any kind of zoo. What I really love about London Zoo is seeing how good the staff there are, they all clearly love their jobs and really care for each and every animal in their zoo -to me, this is a very important part of a zoo and for animals in captivity. Slightly on the pricey side for a ticket but I don't mind paying when I know the money is going to a good cause, helping the animals. Helpful?	i don't know
The 'Magna Carta' was written in which language?	In which language was the Magna Carta written? \| Reference.com In which language was the Magna Carta written? A: Quick Answer The Magna Carta was written in medieval Latin. Although most of the charter is not pertinent to modern times, it guarantees an individual's right to due process, requiring that certain legal procedures must be followed. Full Answer In 1215, King John met British barons at Runnymede to discuss limiting the king's feudal rights and his forms of justice. After a compromise was reached, many copies of the agreement were handwritten by royal scribes onto expensive parchment, using abbreviations to shorten the text. The documents were distributed to bishops, sheriffs and other important officials. As of 2014, only four copies of the Magna Carta remain.	Latin
Who played the lead role in 'Crocodile Dundee'?	Magna Carts -- Ideas for Teaching -- Reading Revolutions Reading Revolutions: Ideas for Teaching Learning Activities History Activities: Magna Carta Summary A charter granted to the nobles and by extension to the commoners by King John at Runnymede on June 15, 1215 after the nobles joined forces and faced him down. Rather than facing the potential loss of his throne through battle, King John signed the charter. While he later reneged on many of the particulars, the charter served as the precedent for later laws and democratic practices. Teaching Ideas Hollywood Show one of the versions of Robin Hood in class. My particular favorite is the 1938 version The Adventures of Robin Hood, starring Errol Flynn and Olivia de Haviland. The 1991 version Robin Hood - Prince of Thieves starring Kevin Costner is also on DVD. An extensive list of Robin Hood movies has been compiled by John Chandler and will give you an idea of the pervasiveness of the legend. King John's England was adopted by Hollywood from Howard Pyle's 1883, boys book The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood. It is the perfect setting for Robin Hood. It has all the elements of drama: Good King Richard, Bad King John, persecution of the common man through taxation, kidnaping, the Crusades, horses, bows and arrows, castles, and great costumes. There is only one problem, the original legend of Robin Hood originated later and was unconnected to King John. Students can be divided into two research teams: one to research the legend of Robin Hood and one to research the truth about King Richard and King John. The events leading to the Magna Carta are every bit as exciting as the legend of Robin Hood. Roots of Freedom Mantor Library at UMF has acquired a film from the British Library that describes Magna Carta and its background. If you teach in the area, contact Mantor Library to schedule a viewing. Show the class photographs of a copy from 1350, hand written on parchment. They are included on the Magna Carta page with an introduction to the history of that period. Have the students read Magna Carta. It is quite short. It is available on-line at the British Museum with comments and interpretation. . While there are some well-known rights granted in the charter such as separation of church and state, trial by jury, representative government in the form of an advisory council, there are also other sections that had far-reaching consequences. For instance, the laws of inheritance for both widows and children were drastically changed to safeguard survivors. Before this, the king had the right to marry off a widow to the highest bidder. The new husband took not only a bride, but the lands and wealth as well. By challenging this practice, the nobles struck a first blow for the rights of women and children. Roots of Language Magna Carta was written in Latin. When you show the students copies of pages have them see if they can read any words. This can also be done on-line with the original through the British Library. There is an enlargeable image of one of the original copies held at the British Library. Students can use the translation to try to see if they can decipher the Latin. The word "London" should be able to be easy to find. Discuss the use of Latin as a universal language up through the Renaissance. Compare this to the present role of English in the world. Would the world be better off with a single language? Should we all learn Esperanto ? Have the students find words with Latin roots in the dictionary. For instance, you could give them a root and have them try to think of all the words that use it. The Latin dict means "to say" and becomes in English: contradict, dictate, diction, edict, predict The Latin pend means "to hang" and becomes in English: append, depend, impend, pendant, pendulum The Latin tract means "to pull, drag, draw" and becomes in English: attract, contract, detract, extract, protract, retract, traction Life and Times At the time of the manuscript The copy of Magna Carta on this website dates from 1350. Students might remark on some of the physical features they notice. The book is handwritten. Ask them to estimate how long it would take a scribe to produce the book. The handwriting is certainly different than the printing of today. We find it very hard to read. Relate penmanship and spelling to the availability of knowledge. The manuscript is illuminated with gold and colors. This allowed the reader to easily find chapters and passages. The idea of indexes and chapter headings are later developments. The scribes also were able to relieve the tedium of copy work and show their skills by doing some fancy scrolls. Why don't we have books like this today? The standard of living in 1542 was much lower than ours today and yet they produced things of great beauty. We produce paperbacks. How could they afford it? How much would it cost today? This discussion should lead to a consideration of wealth, class, education, and the economics of production and art. At the time of the charter What was the common man's life like in 1215? What possessions did they have? How did they dress? How different were the nobility? Would you like to go back and live in a castle as the lord or lady or are you more comfortable and secure today? When reading Magna Carta the students should reflect on the fact that the rights described did not exist and would not be common practice for several hundred years. Today and tomorrow Today, one of the great debates in our culture concerns the right of privacy. With technological breakthroughs anyone can invade our privacy. How do you feel about your sibling going through your drawers, reading your diary, borrowing your things? Should those in power have the right to observe us at all times? The argument is that if you aren't doing anything wrong, you shouldn't mind. It will keep you safe from those who do break the law. The problem comes when the laws change or are vague and simply based on suspicion. Younger students may have a difficult time relating to bank accounts, spending habits, and hospital records. Discuss the possibility of cameras in the playground, recording their telephone conversations, surveillance in their bedrooms. Have the students research some of the great movements that followed Magna Carta to establish our present level of liberty. Talk about the effort it takes to maintain freedom and the constant threat posed by complacency. Our students live in a world where their liberty is constricting in the name of the common good. When is it good to forego a freedom and when should you hold on with all your might? Further Internet Resources	i don't know
What would you process in a ginnery?	Ginnery - definition of ginnery by The Free Dictionary Ginnery - definition of ginnery by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ginnery Also found in: Thesaurus , Financial , Encyclopedia . gin 1 (jĭn) n. A strong colorless alcoholic beverage made by distilling or redistilling rye or other grain spirits and adding juniper berries and sometimes other flavorings such as anise, caraway seeds, or angelica root. [Alteration of geneva, from Dutch jenever, from Middle Dutch geniver, juniper, from Old French geneivre, from Vulgar Latin *iiniperus, from Latin iūniperus.] gin′ny adj. 1. Any of several machines or devices, especially: a. A machine for hoisting or moving heavy objects. b. A pile driver. c. A snare or trap for game. d. A pump operated by a windmill. 2. A cotton gin. tr.v. ginned, gin·ning, gins 1. To remove the seeds from (cotton) with a cotton gin. 2. To trap in a gin. Phrasal Verb: gin up 1. To create or produce; work up: "If we ever ginned up the courage to speak honestly about race, we might also open up unexpected avenues of racial healing" (Michael Eric Dyson). 2. To create or produce under false pretenses: "U.S. officials have asked their foreign counterparts to gin up a charge so that the United States can credibly claim it is rendering a suspect to face legal charges when it is really trying to gather information" (Daniel Byman). 3. To increase or make more active: gin up sales; gin up the economy. [Middle English, from Old French, short for engin, skill; see engine.] gin 3 Used to announce that one has won a game of gin rummy. gin (dʒɪn) n 1. (Brewing) an alcoholic drink obtained by distillation and rectification of the grain of malted barley, rye, or maize, flavoured with juniper berries 2. (Brewing) any of various grain spirits flavoured with other fruit or aromatic essences: sloe gin. 3. (Brewing) an alcoholic drink made from any rectified spirit [C18: shortened from Dutch genever juniper, via Old French from Latin jūniperus juniper] gin (dʒɪn) n 1. (Mechanical Engineering) a primitive engine in which a vertical shaft is turned by horses driving a horizontal beam or yoke in a circle 2. (Mechanical Engineering) Also called: cotton gin a machine of this type used for separating seeds from raw cotton 3. (Hunting) a trap for catching small mammals, consisting of a noose of thin strong wire 4. (Mechanical Engineering) a hand-operated hoist that consists of a drum winder turned by a crank vb (tr) , gins, ginning or ginned 5. (Mechanical Engineering) to free (cotton) of seeds with a gin 6. (Hunting) to trap or snare (game) with a gin [C13 gyn, shortened from engine] ˈginner n	Cotton
Who is Maurice Micklewhite better known as?	Why Cotton Ginning Is Considered Agriculture Why Cotton Ginning Is Considered Agriculture P.J. Wakelyn, D.W. Thompson, and B.M. Norman National Cotton Council Washington, DC and Memphis, TN C.B. Nevius and D.S. Findley Southeastern Cotton Ginners’ Association Appeared in Cotton Gin & Oil Mill Press 106(8) 5-9, April 16, 2005 Introduction Officially, cotton ginning always has been an agricultural operation. However, questions frequently are raised by state and federal regulatory agencies and standard-setting code organizations regarding the classification of cotton ginning as agriculture rather than as a general industry process. It is very important that cotton ginning is correctly classified as an agricultural operation instead of general industry to avoid being subjected to inappropriate, burdensome, and costly general industry standards, which could adversely affect the operation of a gin and cotton quality. Some state Occupational Safety and Health Administrations (OSHAs) raised this issue most recently in 2001-02. Federal OSHA issued a standards interpretation to clarify that ginning is agriculture under OSHA standards (see below). More recently, the fire marshals in some states have wanted to apply general industry fire codes to cotton ginning because they incorrectly considered seed cotton the same as loose fiber for fire and building codes and have considered cotton as a highly combustible material for storage. In 2004, based on the extensive research conducted by and for the U.S. cotton industry (Wakelyn and Hughs, 2002) meaningful changes in the 2005 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Code Revisions have been accomplished (Wakelyn et al., 2005, 2004). The same course of action has been followed in 2005 for International Code Council (ICC) changes to the 2006 Code Revisions. These changes have been approved by their International Fire Code (IFC) committee. This paper explains why cotton ginning is an agricultural operation. The U.S. Government considers cotton ginning to be an agricultural operation. Cotton is both a fiber (used for textiles) and food crop (used for human food and animal feed). Seed cotton is removed from the field by a harvester and put into modules or trailers and taken to the cotton gin to finish the harvesting process by separating the cotton fiber from the cottonseed. Seed cotton [consisting of cotton fiber (lint) attached to cottonseed plus plant foreign matter] is a perishable raw agricultural product that has no value until the fiber and seed are separated by an agricultural process at the cotton gin -- which is an agricultural facility. The U.S. government [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Labor (DOL), OSHA, Internal Revenue Service (IRS), etc.] always has considered the ginning process an agricultural operation that essentially is an extension of the harvesting process. Cotton ginning is considered agriculture under the following government regulations: Federal OSHA and state OSHAs (including North Carolina) always have considered cotton ginning as agriculture and always have regulated cotton ginning under OSHA’s agricultural standards (29 CFR 1928). “OSHA's long-standing position is that cotton ginning is an agricultural operation and not a general industry operation.” “OSHA's agricultural standards (Title 29, Code of Federal Regulation, Part 1928) specifically cover cotton gins in §1928.57, which deals with guarding of farm field equipment, farmstead equipment, and cotton gins.” [See OSHA document Standard Interpretations 08/06/2002 - Standards that apply to cotton gins . In the harmonized U.S., Canadian and Mexican North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) code cotton ginning is “Support Activities for Crop Production” (115111). Under the U.S. Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code system cotton ginning is “Agricultural Services” (0724). Cotton ginning is listed under “agricultural labor” in the Internal Revenue Code [US Code, Section 3401 and 3121(g); and the Social Security Act [42 US Code, Section 410(3). The Fair Labor Standards Act considers gins as “agricultural employers.” Cotton ginning is a continuation of the harvest to produce marketable raw agricultural commodities. The cotton ginning process (Cotton Ginners Handbook, 1994) is analogous to other types of seasonal harvesting processes that produce raw agricultural products (Fig. 1 below: A sample gin yard arrangement). Typical cotton gins operate in mostly rural areas for one to two months per year. On rare occasions when cotton production exceeds expectations, the ginning season may last for four or more months. This is followed by a repair period when maintenance is performed in preparation for the next ginning season. Unless major renovations are scheduled during the off- season repair period, only skeleton crews are present. During this period, no seed cotton, cottonseed, cotton bales or other gin waste are kept or allowed inside the ginning facility unless a piece of ginning machinery is being tested. Normally, testing of repaired or new machinery is delayed until the start of the new ginning season. Densely-packed bales loaded for transport from the gin. The products of the ginning process (Fig. 2 below: Cotton flow through the gin) are: 1) cotton bales and mote bales (Fig. 3 right: Densely-packed cotton bales loaded for transport from the gin), 2) cottonseed that is conveyed to a separate holding facility from the gin plant (Fig. 4 below: Cottonseed loaded for transport from the gin), and 3) gin by-products that also are conveyed away from the gin plant. At cotton gins, specially designed equipment combines and performs functions that are agricultural, not industrial, processes. Therefore, ginning is considered by OSHA, IRS, NAICS and SIC codes, etc. to be agriculture and a continuation of the harvest (see list above). These harvesting functions are similar to those performed by grain harvesting/thrashing machines, i.e., combines, hay balers and other harvesting equipment exclusively designed for agricultural purposes. The module is the primary unit of temporary seed cotton storage after seed cotton is removed from the field by a harvester and prior to ginning. As seed cotton is moved from the field to the gin, the harvesting process continues – raw agricultural products (cotton lint/fiber, cottonseed and motes) are produced by the ginning process that are transported away from the gin to be used in industrial operations. To facilitate the continuation of the harvesting process, module feeders meter seed cotton into the gin at a uniform rate in a uniform stream. Both cotton field harvesters and gin plants rely on pneumatic fans to move cotton through their systems. As the module is broken apart and fed into the ginning system, centrifugal force separates green bolls as well as potentially hazardous materials such as stones and metallic objects from the seed cotton. Strategically placed rock traps and magnets in the air ducts and machinery remove rocks and capture ferrous objects before they can get into the ginning stream. The next process utilizes mechanical devices designed to remove cotton burrs, sticks, stems, sand and dirt, and similar trash (“cotton gin by-products”). This process is generally referred to as drying and pre-cleaning. One of the machines used in the pre-cleaning process is referred to as a “stick machine” and/or a “burr extractor.” Many cotton growers recognize the benefits derived from performing burr and stick extraction operations in the field. Consequently many new “stripper” type cotton harvesters now have on-board burr machines – enabling this function to be performed in the field. Following pre-cleaning comes the ginning and lint cleaning processes. At the “gin feeder,” the seed cotton is separated so that single locks of seed cotton are fed into and through the “gin stand.” The gin stand takes seed cotton and separates it into lint (cotton fiber, a raw agricultural feedstock) and cottonseed (a raw agricultural commodity with several uses). The lint cleaner provides the first opportunity for combing and precision cleaning of the cotton fiber and separates the foreign material into a separate process stream of by-products called motes. After ginning and lint cleaning, the combed lint is pneumatically conveyed to a “condenser,” which forms the cotton lint into a “batt” and then meters and feeds the stream of batted lint down a “lint slide” into the bale press. The function of the bale press is to produce uniform, compact, densely- packed bales of cotton lint that go to warehouses for storage or directly to textile mills for processing into apparel, home furnishings and other textiles. The bale of lint is the first form of cotton lint that has any market value to a cotton producer and subsequently to other handlers of the crop. Prior to the ginning and subsequent baling of the lint cotton, there is no marketable commodity that exists. Following ginning, lint cleaning and baling there exists marketable commodities of cotton lint, cottonseed, mote and cotton by-products (foreign material). This fact is key to understanding why ginning is considered an extension of the harvest. The cottonseed is continually conveyed away from the gin stand by screw type conveyors and removed from the gin building by pneumatic conveying systems. Once outside the gin building, the cottonseed either goes into an overhead storage unit equipped with hopper bottoms to facilitate the loading of trailers or large buildings called seed houses. The seed is sent by truck or rail either to be fed as whole seed to dairy cattle or to a cottonseed oil mill where it is processed to produce cottonseed oil (used for human consumption), cottonseed meal and hulls (used for animal feed), and linters (used for paper or as chemical cellulose raw material to produce other products) (Wakelyn and Wan, 2001). Burrs, sticks and other gin by-products are conveyed away from gin buildings and stored either in hopper bottomed storage houses or in large piles until they can be removed. Burrs and other gin by-products may be composted, fed as roughage to cattle or hauled and dumped back on farms or pasture land. Gin motes are considered a by-product that is typically separated and sold for various uses such as batting/felt or in waste spinning to make low grade fabrics or mops. It should be noted that virtually all processing equipment and pneumatic conveyors are enclosed by sheet metal which contains the cotton as it moves through the ginning process. This is the case from the time the seed cotton enters the gin at the module feeder until the lint exits the gin following compression at the bale press and the cottonseed and gin waste are conveyed away from the gin. These enclosed systems are fed by the pneumatic conveyor systems, which contain numerous valves that direct the flow of cotton during ginning. The ginning system is designed so that the cotton remains virtually isolated from the surrounding environment as it moves through the cotton gin. Should a fire occur during processing, procedures are in place to ensure that loss of the valuable lint and damage to ginning machinery is kept to a minimum. The cotton can (1) be isolated and starved for oxygen inside the machinery, (2) be shunted into an open area where smoldering cotton can be isolated and wet down with low pressure water to put out the fire, or (3) be baled into densely-packed bales at the bale press then quarantined to ensure that no fire can spread to other bales. Cotton gin buildings should be considered agricultural buildings in the fire code requirements. Cotton Warehouses have specific fire code requirements that are found under warehouses. Textile mills have specific general industry fire code requirements. Cottonseed oil mills, where cottonseed oil, meal, hulls and linters are produced from the seed have specific fire code requirements. Seed cotton, which is a perishable raw agricultural commodity, is not a combustible fiber or a hazardous material. The fire code requirements for combustible fibers should not be applied to cotton ginning of seed cotton. Densely-packed cotton bales are not a hazardous material – ICC and NFPA have approved, in principle, amendments to their fire and building codes recognizing this. The fire code requirements for cotton ginning facilities should be under agricultural buildings. Fire code requirements for industrial buildings should not be applied to cotton ginning of seed cotton because once seed cotton enters the gin it is contained within piping or machinery. Water from automatic fire sprinklers would not be able to reach any ignited cotton. In the event of an in process fire, procedures set forth in The Ginners Handbook (1994), call for the flow of seed cotton into the gin plant to be stopped. If fire exists in the process stream ahead of the conveyor distributor that feeds the gin stands, fire doors in the distributor and in the gin stands should be opened, which allow the seed cotton to flow onto the floor outside of the process machinery. There, low pressure water can be best applied manually to any smoldering seed cotton and then the material can be removed from the facility. Cotton lint in the process piping and machinery behind the gin stands should be allowed to flow to the press. It is then pressed out into a densely packed bale and quarantined for a week or more. The same process applies for cotton lint if the fire originates at the gin stand or downstream from that point. Established procedures call for the two bales before the fire and the two bales after the fire to be quarantined. Insurers of cotton gins do not want automatic fire sprinklers in cotton gins because gins use 480-volt electrical systems and many micro processor and other sensitive controls. Once seed cotton and lint have been contained per the procedure above, the gin process should be stopped and all machinery inspected to make certain all smoldering material (including trash and seed streams) has been extinguished, contained and removed. A thorough inspection is necessary so that the fire’s origins is/are identified and corrected/removed to prevent a reoccurrence. The experience of insurers has shown that excessive use of high pressure water in and around the process machinery does little to control fire and actually causes more damage than the fire itself. Low pressure, water-filled extinguishers and garden water hoses are the recommended ways to apply water to a seed cotton, cotton lint, cottonseed or by-product fire when inside a ginning facility. High pressure applications inside the gin facility usually do more to spread the fire than to contain it, if origins are in the process stream. The authors are not aware of a fire-related fatality in the U.S. ginning industry in the last ten years or a case of a cotton gin burning for any significant loss while operating. Summary/Conclusion The U.S. government always has considered cotton ginning an agricultural operation that is essentially part of the harvesting process (USDA, DOL, OSHA, IRS, etc.). Seed cotton is considered a perishable raw agricultural product by USDA that has no value until the fiber and seed are separated by an agricultural process at the ginning facility, which should be considered an agriculture building. Fig. 1 A sample gin yard arrangement. Fig. 2 Cotton flow through the gin. Fig. 4 Cottonseed loaded for transport from the gin.	i don't know
What would you find listed in the 'Millers Price Guide'?	Miller's Antiques & Collectables - READ MORE >> Upcoming Talks & Events I have a wealth of speaking events coming up in the next month across the country. I do hope to see some of you there. You can find the links below to find out more about each event and purchase tickets. Crickhowell Literary Festival – “Talking Antiques with Judith Miller” … READ MORE >> Panel Discussion and Signing with The Blanchard Collective When: From 11 am on Wednesday 5 October 2016 Where: Marlborough Showroom, The Blanchard Collective, Littlecote Road, Froxfield, Nr Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 3JY Judith Miller will sign copies of her book and share her knowledge with visitors. A highlight of the event will be a panel discussion with Judith and …	Antique
What colour is an amethyst?	Antique & Collectibles Price Guide \| Kovels.com Read more Get The Latest Collecting News Every Week for FREE! Enter your email below to receive Kovels Komments for the latest antiques & collectibles news, answers to readers questions, marks and tips. In your inbox every Wednesday. Submit You can unsubscribe at any time. Please refer to our Privacy Policy or Contact us for more information. Kovels Premium	i don't know
Budgerigars are native to which country?	Budgerigar \| Invasive Species Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia The budgerigar is natvie to Australia, where it is present throughout much of the interior. [1] Introduced Range Edit The budgerigar has become established in much of Florida. It's established range is greatest on, but not restricted to, Florida's western Gulf Coast. [2] These populations may be falling due to competition with other birds, including another introduced species, the European starling . The budgerigar has also become established in much of Japan, in the prefectures of Niigati, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Saitama, Tokyo, Chiba, Kanagwa, Yamnashi, Shizouka, Nagano, Aichi, Mie, Shiga, Nara, Wakayama, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Okayama, Kochi, Oita and Miyazaki. [3] The budgerigar has also been introduced to South Africa, New Zealand, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and Puerto Rico but have not become established in these countries. [1] Pathways and Introduction Edit The budgerigar is extremely popular as a pet and as a result has been sold in many countires.[3/4] Budgerigars have been present in Florida since at least the 1940s, when they were first seen in the city of Saint Petersburg.[5] Budgerigars were first brought to Great Britain in 1840. It is likely that escaped or hitchhiking animals travelled on ships from Australia to the UK, although the first sightings in the wild were not until 1970 in Tresco.[4]	Australia
What's the name for a penguin's breeding ground?	Listening Earth - Budgerigar sounds of wild budgies, Australia, mp3 download, CD For Budgies and their owners Budgerigars are very social birds, and seem to require the 'vibe' of the flock for their wellbeing. These recordings were made in remote locations in outback Australia - home of the budgie - and feature Budgerigars singing along with other species that share their native environment. The response of domestic budgies to hearing these sounds is often quite extraordinary; they really can get quite animated! These albums are intended to bring health-promoting stimulation to pet birds (not to mention relaxing listening for their owners). Sort by:	i don't know
The disease 'Pertussis' is more commonly known as what?	Pertussis \| Whooping Cough \| Home \| CDC ShareCompartir Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease. It is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis is known for uncontrollable, violent coughing which often makes it hard to breathe. After fits of many coughs, someone with pertussis often needs to take deep breaths which result in a "whooping" sound. Pertussis can affect people of all ages, but can be very serious, even deadly, for babies less than a year old. The best way to protect against pertussis is by getting vaccinated. English \| en Español	Pertussis
The first 'Gulf War' took place in which year?	Whooping Cough - Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment \| TexasIDR Courses About Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Pertussis, a respiratory illness commonly known as whooping cough, is a very contagious disease caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis is only found in humans and is spread from person to person. Pertussis bacteria attach to the cilia (tiny, hair-like extensions) that line part of the upper respiratory system. The bacteria release toxins, which damage the cilia and cause inflammation (swelling). Transmission of Pertussis People with pertussis usually spread the disease by coughing or sneezing while in close contact with others, who then breathe in the pertussis bacteria. Many infants who get pertussis are infected by family members or caregivers who might not even know they have the disease. Symptoms of pertussis usually develop within 5–10 days after being exposed, but sometimes not for as long as 3 weeks. Symptoms of Pertussis Because pertussis in its early stages appears to be nothing more than the common cold, it is often not suspected or diagnosed until the more severe symptoms appear. Infected people are most contagious up to about 2 weeks after the cough begins. Antibiotics may shorten the amount of time someone is contagious. As the disease progresses, the traditional symptoms of pertussis appear and include: Paroxysms (fits) of many, rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched "whoop" Vomiting (throwing up) Exhaustion (very tired) after coughing fits Coughing fits can persist for up to 10 weeks or more. In China, pertussis is known as the "100 day cough." Although you are often exhausted after a coughing fit, you usually appear fairly well in-between. Coughing fits generally become more common and severe as the illness continues, and can occur more often at night. The illness can be milder (less severe) and the typical "whoop" absent in children, teens, and adults who have been vaccinated with a pertussis vaccine. Recovery from pertussis can happen slowly. The cough becomes less severe and less common. However, coughing fits can return with other respiratory infections for many months after pertussis started. Prevention of Pertussis Transmission While pertussis vaccines are the most effective tool we have to prevent this disease, no vaccine is 100% effective. If pertussis is circulating in the community, there is a chance that a fully vaccinated person, of any age, can catch this very contagious disease. If you have been vaccinated, the infection is usually less severe. If you or your child develops a cold that includes a severe cough or a cough that lasts for a long time, it may be pertussis. The best way to know is to contact your doctor. Pertussis (whooping cough) can be diagnosed by taking into consideration if you have been exposed to pertussis and by doing a: History of typical signs & symptoms Physical examination Laboratory test which involves taking a sample of secretions (with a swab or syringe filled with saline) from the back of the throat through the nose Blood test Treatment Pertussis is generally treated with antibiotics and early treatment is very important. Treatment may make your infection less severe if it is started early, before coughing fits begin. Treatment can also help prevent spreading the disease to close contacts (people who have spent a lot of time around the infected person). Treatment after three weeks of illness is unlikely to help because the bacteria are gone from your body, even though you usually will still have symptoms. This is because the bacteria have already done damage to your body. There are several antibiotics available to treat pertussis. If you or your child is diagnosed with pertussis, your doctor will explain how to treat the infection. Travel	i don't know
On the London Underground map which line is represented in light blue?	Victoria Line \| London Tube Map London Tube Map Brixton The Victoria Line is represented on the London Tube Map by a light blue line and runs from Brixton to Walthamstow Central. It handles 183 million journeys every year and serves 16 stations on its 13-mile length. The proposal for the new line, running from Victoria to Walthamstow, came from a British Transport Commission working party in 1948 in order to ease congestion in Central London. Work began on the line in 1962 and continued until 1972 despite the line formally opening in 1968. The Brixton extension was approved in 1967 and the Pimlico station in 1968. Image taken from the Victoria Line article on Wikipedia. The line was built to ease congestion on other lines - most urgently the Piccadilly line as well as provide more interchanges between other lines. Every line on the Victoria line is an interchange, save for Pimlico.	Victoria line
Who's horse was called Marengo?	London Underground \| Locomotive Wiki \| Fandom powered by Wikia Edit The Central line is a London Underground line, coloured red on the tube map. It is a deep-level "tube" line, running east-west across London, and, at 76 km (47 mi). It is the longest Underground line and also the busiest with A Midday service on the central line ticks over at Bank around 260 million passengers a year. Of the 49 stations served, 20 are below ground. It is considered to be the tube line with the highest point-to-point speeds on the Underground, reaching 70 mph (110 km/h) when the 1992 Stock was introduced. The Central Line is coloured red on the tube map Circle Line The Circle Line or Inner Circle is a line on the London Underground. Originally it was a complete circle and theoretically passengers could A Circle line train stops at Westminster go round forever, but now it has been remodeled. It shares most of its track and all of its stations with other lines, primarily the Hammersmith & City Line and the District Line. The strangest station is Edgware Road. It uses C Stock but will soon use S Stock . It is coloured yellow on the tube map. District Line Edit The District line is a line of the London Underground, coloured green on the Tube map. It is a "sub-surface" line, running through the central area. It is the busiest of the sub-surface lines. Two of the four (Richmond and Wimbledon) western branches of the route are also the only lines. Across the entire network to cross the Thames by bridge and not by tunnel. Although the District line is only the fourth longest line on the network, it serves more stations than any other line (60). It is very dense and is built with lots of weirdo branches and lots of stations. It uses D stock (and a tiny bit of C Stock on one Branch) to run. the D and C stock are due to be replaced by the S Stock soon Hammersmith & City Line The Hammersmith & City line is a London Underground service on its sub-surface network. Coloured salmon pink on the tube map, the line serves 29 stations in 15.8 miles (25.5 km). Extending from Hammersmith in the West in Zone 2, between Paddington and East Aldgate, the line runs through Zone 1, and to the east extends to Barking in Zone 4. Most of the route and all of the stations are shared by the District, Circle and Metropolitan lines. Together with the Circle line over 114 million passenger journeys are made each year. A C Stock train service for Barking The first section opened in 1863 when the Metropolitan Railway began the world's first underground railway service between Paddington and Farringdon Street with wooden carriages and steam locomotives. The following year a railway to Hammersmith was built jointly by the Great Western Railway and Metropolitan Railways, and the line was extended to the east in stages, reaching the East London Line in 1884. The line was electrified in 1906 and after the London Passenger Transport Board was formed in 1936 some Metropolitan Hammersmith & City line trains were extended to Barking over the District Railway. The Hammersmith & City line was shown on the tube map as part of the Metropolitan line until 1990 when it appeared as a separate line. The signalling system is being upgraded and the current C Stock trains are to be replaced by new 7-car S Stock trains by 2015. Jubilee Line The metropolitan line is a sub surface line on the London Underground. It is the oldest line, and the original version linked The A Stock (left) and the S Stock (right) stand together at Baker Street Paddington and Farringdon. Nowadays it is huge and is the only sub surface line to go outside of the Greater London county. It uses S stock but did use A stock until recently. Originally the Hammersmith and City Line and East London Line were also part of the Metropolitan line but nowadays are not. Northern Line The Northern line is a line on the underground railway system, London Underground. It is coloured black on the A 1995 Stock train speeds out of a station Tube map. It is mostly underground (deep level) and serves the southernmost and some of the northern most stations, running complex north south with branches arrangement because originally it was built by lots of companies. On par with the Jubilee line it is the deepest line. It uses similar stock to the jubilee line as well (1955/ 1956 Stock). Piccadilly Line & Heathrow Circle Heathrow Area Rail Links. The Piccadilly line is in blue. A Piccadilly Line Train speeds into Terminal 4. the Picciadilly line is an underground line running from north to south-western london, and also serving Heathrow airport. It is coloured blue on the tube map. The Heathrow Circle is a circle of railway serving Heathrow terminals 123, 4, & 5. It is on the Piccadilly Line of the London Underground. Victoria Line The Victoria line is a deep-level London Underground route running from the south (fare Zone 2) to the north-east (Zone 3) A map of the Victoria Line of London. It is coloured light blue on the Tube map. It runs only underground except for the Depot. It is so named because of it serving Victoria station. It is the sixth most used line but the most intensively used line (journeys per mile) and is quite high tech, using very new trains ( 2009 Stock ) and special humpback stations that save energy. The only station on the Victoria line to have no form of rail interchange is A 2009 Stock Train Pimlico, though Brixton tube station is a separate building from its National Rail neighbour. Waterloo & City Line	i don't know
If a dish is served 'Florentine' which vegetable will it contain?	What Does Florentine (or à la Florentine) Mean in Cooking? By Danilo Alfaro Updated October 31, 2016. In the culinary arts, the word Florentine (pronounced "FLOR-en-teen"), or the term à la Florentine, refers to a recipe that is prepared in the style of the Italian region of Florence. The easiest way to remember what it means is that a Florentine-style recipe features spinach. Specifically, a dish prepared à la Florentine will feature some main ingredient, such as eggs, poultry or fish, served on a bed of spinach which has been cooked in butter, then topped with Mornay sauce and grated cheese, and finally browned under the broiler. One common dish with the Florentine moniker is eggs Florentine, a variation on eggs Benedict featuring a poached egg served over a bed of spinach (in place of the ham) on a grilled English muffin. It's served with Mornay sauce instead of hollandaise sauce , although it's not uncommon to find it served with hollandaise in a lot of restaurants. And while spinach is characteristic of a dish prepared à la Florentine, a pile of steamed spinach is a far cry from the traditional Florentine method of gently simmering the spinach in melted butter. continue reading below our video How to Sharpen a Knife Like a Professional And not cooked and then a little bit of butter stirred in. Simmered in butter. If that sounds decadent, consider that the technique is said to originate with Florence-born Catherine de Medici's, or rather her chefs, who accompanied her to France upon her marriage to the Duke of Orleans and future king. Spinach is thought to have been brought to Sicily by Arab merchants over 1,200 years ago, and the plant thrived in Italy, Spain and elsewhere across the Mediterranean region. Thus spinach is not so much a Florence thing as a Catherine de Medici thing. Even so, I can't help wondering which scenario is more plausible: that the future queen of France, aged 14 at the time, was so devoted to spinach that she endeavored to bring bundles of it with her to her wedding (indeed, in some versions of the legend, such is Catherine's preternatural obsession with the leafy vegetable that she brings spinach seeds, with an eye toward cultivating them after the nuptial ceremony); OR, that upon arriving in Marseille, the site of the wedding, her chefs discovered an abundance of spinach, owing to the similar Mediterranean climate, and went ahead and cooked with it because it was a familiar ingredient I hate to debunk these beautiful legends, but honestly I think the latter is much more likely, don't you? In any case, strictly speaking, in addition to buttered spinach, a Florentine-style dish needs Mornay sauce, grated cheese and an au gratin finish. Which means the version of eggs Florentine described above, is technically just eggs with spinach. But don't mention this fact to your server at brunch this weekend, because I guarantee they will not be amused. Note that the word florentine also has another definition not related to recipes made with spinach and Mornay sauce. There's a thin, crunchy wafer or cookie that also goes by the name florentine. This florentine cookie is made with honey and nuts and is sometimes coated with chocolate.	Spinach
Goa was an overseas territory of which country until 1961?	Eggs Florentine (Grain-Free) - Deliciously Organic Deliciously Organic February 4, 2015 Eggs Florentine (Grain-Free) Vitamin A is very helpful in preventing and reducing infectious disease . Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps the immune system, reproduction, heart, lungs, thyroid, kidneys and other organs. It even works together with Vitamin D to help protect against autoimmune disease . Kim Schuette, CN taught us that Vitamin A is essential for detoxification . “ It is now estimated that improving the vitamin A status of all deficient children worldwide would prevent 1-3 million childhood deaths annually .” Ok, I’ve made my point, this vitamin is incredibly important! “How do I get enough Vitamin A?” you ask. When Dr. Weston A. Price traveled the world in the early 1900’s studying different people groups to find what diets produced dental decay and physical degeneration, he discovered that the diets of healthy people groups contained at least ten times as much vitamin A as the American diet of his day . He also learned that Vitamin A is one of several fat-soluble activators that are necessary for the assimilation of minerals in the diet and present only in animal fats . It’s a common misconception that Vitamin A can be found in plant foods. Vegetables are a wonderful source of beta-carotene . But beta-carotene is only useful to humans as it’s broken down and converted in the body to Vitamin A using the body’s own Vitamin A stores. Only animal fats contain Vitamin A . Vitamin A is present in large amounts only when the animals have a source of carotenes or Vitamin A in their diet – good sources include green pasture, insects, or fish meal. Vitamin A stores rapidly deplete during exercise, fever and periods of stress . It’s important to fuel with adequate amounts of Vitamin A to keep our bodies healthy and strong. We can get Vitamin A from foods like pastured and wild meats, cod liver oil, organ meats, pastured butter, pastured eggs, grass-fed unprocessed/raw whole milk, and cream ( pasteurization kills Vitamin A ). I usually don’t like to pick apart foods and only discuss specific nutrients. Also, Vitamin A from animal foods seems to be frowned upon in the U.S. – a popular trend is concentrating on “plant-based” diets. While plants are incredibly important, I’ve learned it’s also very important to make sure we consume plenty of Vitamin A so all the wonderful nutrients in our vegetables can be used properly in our bodies . I like to serve my family lots of dishes with eggs, butter, raw/unprocessed milk and cream at breakfast. We love the classic fried or scrambled egg, but sometimes I like to change it up a bit. Eggs Florentine is a nice way to change things up and get in some healthy Vitamin A to start our day. Serves 2 Eggs Florentine Recipe (Grain-Free) You can prepare the spinach mixture ahead and time and then reheat in the morning, crack the eggs and bake. The dish can be served with or without the hollandaise sauce. Save Recipe	i don't know
What letter lies to the immediate left of the letter 'M' on a standard keyboard?	Keyboard Input (Windows) Keyboard Input Collapse the table of content Expand the table of content This documentation is archived and is not being maintained. This documentation is archived and is not being maintained. Keyboard Input The keyboard is used for several distinct types of input, including: Character input. Text that the user types into a document or edit box. Keyboard shortcuts. Key strokes that invoke application functions; for example, CTRL + O to open a file. System commands. Key strokes that invoke system functions; for example, ALT + TAB to switch windows. When thinking about keyboard input, it is important to remember that a key stroke is not the same as a character. For example, pressing the A key could result in any of the following characters. a A á (if the keyboard supports combining diacritics) Further, if the ALT key is held down, pressing the A key produces ALT+A, which the system does not treat as a character at all, but rather as a system command. Key Codes When you press a key, the hardware generates a scan code. Scan codes vary from one keyboard to the next, and there are separate scan codes for key-up and key-down events. You will almost never care about scan codes. The keyboard driver translates scan codes into virtual-key codes. Virtual-key codes are device-independent. Pressing the A key on any keyboard generates the same virtual-key code. In general, virtual-key codes do not correspond to ASCII codes or any other character-encoding standard. This is obvious if you think about it, because the same key can generate different characters (a, A, á), and some keys, such as function keys, do not correspond to any character. That said, the following virtual-key codes do map to ASCII equivalents: 0 through 9 keys = ASCII '0' – '9' (0x30 – 0x39) A through Z keys = ASCII 'A' – 'Z' (0x41 – 0x5A) In some respects this mapping is unfortunate, because you should never think of virtual-key codes as characters, for the reasons discussed. The header file WinUser.h defines constants for most of the virtual-key codes. For example, the virtual-key code for the LEFT ARROW key is VK_LEFT (0x25). For the complete list of virtual-key codes, see Virtual-Key Codes . No constants are defined for the virtual-key codes that match ASCII values. For example, the virtual-key code for the A key is 0x41, but there is no constant named VK_A. Instead, just use the numeric value. Key-Down and Key-Up Messages When you press a key, the window that has keyboard focus receives one of the following messages. The WM_SYSKEYDOWN message indicates a system key, which is a key stroke that invokes a system command. There are two types of system key: ALT + any key F10 The F10 key activates the menu bar of a window. Various ALT-key combinations invoke system commands. For example, ALT + TAB switches to a new window. In addition, if a window has a menu, the ALT key can be used to activate menu items. Some ALT key combinations do not do anything. All other key strokes are considered nonsystem keys and produce the WM_KEYDOWN message. This includes the function keys other than F10. When you release a key, the system sends a corresponding key-up message: WM_SYSKEYUP If you hold down a key long enough to start the keyboard's repeat feature, the system sends multiple key-down messages, followed by a single key-up message. In all four of the keyboard messages discussed so far, the wParam parameter contains the virtual-key code of the key. The lParam parameter contains some miscellaneous information packed into 32 bits. You typically do not need the information in lParam. One flag that might be useful is bit 30, the "previous key state" flag, which is set to 1 for repeated key-down messages. As the name implies, system key strokes are primarily intended for use by the operating system. If you intercept the WM_SYSKEYDOWN message, call DefWindowProc afterward. Otherwise, you will block the operating system from handling the command. Character Messages Key strokes are converted into characters by the TranslateMessage function, which we first saw in Module 1 . This function examines key-down messages and translates them into characters. For each character that is produced, the TranslateMessage function puts a WM_CHAR or WM_SYSCHAR message on the message queue of the window. The wParam parameter of the message contains the UTF-16 character. As you might guess, WM_CHAR messages are generated from WM_KEYDOWN messages, while WM_SYSCHAR messages are generated from WM_SYSKEYDOWN messages. For example, suppose the user presses the SHIFT key followed by the A key. Assuming a standard keyboard layout, you would get the following sequence of messages: WM_KEYDOWN: SHIFT WM_KEYUP: VK_MENU (The virtual-key code for the ALT key is named VK_MENU for historical reasons.) The WM_SYSCHAR message indicates a system character. As with WM_SYSKEYDOWN , you should generally pass this message directly to DefWindowProc . Otherwise, you may interfere with standard system commands. In particular, do not treat WM_SYSCHAR as text that the user has typed. The WM_CHAR message is what you normally think of as character input. The data type for the character is wchar_t, representing a UTF-16 Unicode character. Character input can include characters outside the ASCII range, especially with keyboard layouts that are commonly used outside of the United States. You can try different keyboard layouts by installing a regional keyboard and then using the On-Screen Keyboard feature. Users can also install an Input Method Editor (IME) to enter complex scripts, such as Japanese characters, with a standard keyboard. For example, using a Japanese IME to enter the katakana character カ (ka), you might get the following messages: WM_KEYDOWN: VK_PROCESSKEY (the IME PROCESS key) WM_KEYUP: 0x4B WM_CHAR: カ WM_KEYUP: VK_RETURN Some CTRL key combinations are translated into ASCII control characters. For example, CTRL+A is translated to the ASCII ctrl-A (SOH) character (ASCII value 0x01). For text input, you should generally filter out the control characters. Also, avoid using WM_CHAR to implement keyboard shortcuts. Instead, use WM_KEYDOWN messages; or even better, use an accelerator table. Accelerator tables are described in the next topic, Accelerator Tables . The following code displays the main keyboard messages in the debugger. Try playing with different keystroke combinations and see what messages are generated. Copy LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { wchar_t msg[32]; switch (uMsg) { case WM_SYSKEYDOWN: swprintf_s(msg, L"WM_SYSKEYDOWN: 0x%x\n", wParam); OutputDebugString(msg); break; case WM_SYSCHAR: swprintf_s(msg, L"WM_SYSCHAR: %c\n", (wchar_t)wParam); OutputDebugString(msg); break; case WM_SYSKEYUP: swprintf_s(msg, L"WM_SYSKEYUP: 0x%x\n", wParam); OutputDebugString(msg); break; case WM_KEYDOWN: swprintf_s(msg, L"WM_KEYDOWN: 0x%x\n", wParam); OutputDebugString(msg); break; case WM_KEYUP: swprintf_s(msg, L"WM_KEYUP: 0x%x\n", wParam); OutputDebugString(msg); break; case WM_CHAR: swprintf_s(msg, L"WM_CHAR: %c\n", (wchar_t)wParam); OutputDebugString(msg); break; /* Handle other messages (not shown) */ } return DefWindowProc(m_hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam); } Miscellaneous Keyboard Messages Some other keyboard messages can safely be ignored by most applications. The WM_DEADCHAR message is sent for a combining key, such as a diacritic. For example, on a Spanish language keyboard, typing accent (') followed by E produces the character é. The WM_DEADCHAR is sent for the accent character. The WM_UNICHAR message is obsolete. It enables ANSI programs to receive Unicode character input. The WM_IME_CHAR character is sent when an IME translates a keystroke sequence into characters. It is sent in addition to the usual WM_CHAR message. Keyboard State The keyboard messages are event-driven. That is, you get a message when something interesting happens, such as a key press, and the message tells you what just happened. But you can also test the state of a key at any time, by calling the GetKeyState function. For example, consider how would you detect the combination of left mouse click + ALT key. You could track the state of the ALT key by listening for key-stroke messages and storing a flag, but GetKeyState saves you the trouble. When you receive the WM_LBUTTONDOWN message, just call GetKeyState as follows: Copy if (GetKeyState(VK_MENU) & 0x8000)) { // ALT key is down. } The GetKeyState message takes a virtual-key code as input and returns a set of bit flags (actually just two flags). The value 0x8000 contains the bit flag that tests whether the key is currently pressed. Most keyboards have two ALT keys, left and right. The previous example tests whether either of them of pressed. You can also use GetKeyState to distinguish between the left and right instances of the ALT, SHIFT, or CTRL keys. For example, the following code tests if the right ALT key is pressed. Copy if (GetKeyState(VK_RMENU) & 0x8000)) { // Right ALT key is down. } The GetKeyState function is interesting because it reports a virtual keyboard state. This virtual state is based on the contents of your message queue, and gets updated as you remove messages from the queue. As your program processes window messages, GetKeyState gives you a snapshot of the keyboard at the time that each message was queued. For example, if the last message on the queue was WM_LBUTTONDOWN , GetKeyState reports the keyboard state at the moment when the user clicked the mouse button. Because GetKeyState is based on your message queue, it also ignores keyboard input that was sent to another program. If the user switches to another program, any key presses that are sent to that program are ignored by GetKeyState. If you really want to know the immediate physical state of the keyboard, there is a function for that: GetAsyncKeyState . For most UI code, however, the correct function is GetKeyState. Next	AN
Who starred as 'Sharpe' in the TV series of the same name?	Brain Teasers Category Lucrezia Borgia invited a prospective victim to lunch. They ate a hearty meal of roast venison, with a selection of fresh vegetables, all washed down with the finest wine imported from Bordeaux, France. After the meal, they ate figs and freshly picked grapes. “Just one apple left”, said Lucrezia, “I insist you have it. “No”, said the guest, “I couldn’t”. “Tell you what”, said Lucrezia, “we’ll share it”, and promptly sliced the apple in two with her sharpest knife. The guest and Lucrezia started to eat their respective halves when the guest’s eyes rolled towards the ceiling and he fell over, dead. “Another victim successfully dispatched,” thought Lucrezia. How did she do it? Alphonso and his sister Sadie are entering the airport to meet their mother when Sadie gasps in surprise and says to her brother, “You see that man in the crowd over there?” Alphonso replies, “It’s Bernie. I don’t believe it. Let’s go introduce ourselves.” Neither of them had ever met Bernie before. They’d never seen a picture or painting of him, nor was he a famous celebrity. How was this possible? Show the answer » Alphonso was born as a twin, but he was separated from his twin brother at birth. Bernie is Alphonso’s identical twin, which is how Sadie was able to recognize him in the crowd. This is kind of a cheat, because there are probably other possible explanations. But we can’t have everything :) Winning at Wimbledon As a result of temporary magical powers, you have made it to the Wimbledon finals and are playing Roger Federer for all the marbles. However, your powers cannot last the whole match. What score do you want it to be when they disappear, to maximize your chances of hanging on for a win? Show the answer » It sounds obvious that you should ask to be ahead two sets to love (it takes 3 out of 5 sets to win the men’s), and in the third set, ahead 5-0 in games and 40-love in the sixth game. (Probably you want to be serving, but if your serve is like mine, you might prefer Roger to be serving the sixth game down 0-40 so that you can pray for a double fault.) Not so fast! These solutions give you essentially 3 chances to get lucky and win, but you can get six chances—with three services by you and three by Roger. You still want to be up two sets to none, but let the game score be 6-6 in the third set and 6-0—in your favor, of course—in the tiebreaker.	i don't know
Which American president had a sign on his desk saying 'The buck stops here'?	Truman: The Buck Stops Here Support "The Buck Stops Here" Desk Sign The sign "The Buck Stops Here" that was on President Truman's desk in his White House office was made in the Federal Reformatory at El Reno, Oklahoma. Fred A. Canfil, then United States Marshal for the Western District of Missouri and a friend of Mr. Truman, saw a similar sign while visiting the Reformatory and asked the Warden if a sign like it could be made for President Truman. The sign was made and mailed to the President on October 2, 1945. Approximately 2-1/2" x 13" in size and mounted on walnut base, the painted glass sign has the words "I'm From Missouri" on the reverse side. It appeared at different times on his desk until late in his administration. The saying "the buck stops here" derives from the slang expression "pass the buck" which means passing the responsibility on to someone else. The latter expression is said to have originated with the game of poker, in which a marker or counter, frequently in frontier days a knife with a buckhorn handle, was used to indicate the person whose turn it was to deal. If the player did not wish to deal he could pass the responsibility by passing the "buck," as the counter came to be called, to the next player. * On more than one occasion President Truman referred to the desk sign in public statements. For example, in an address at the National War College on December 19, 1952 Mr. Truman said, "You know, it's easy for the Monday morning quarterback to say what the coach should have done, after the game is over. But when the decision is up before you -- and on my desk I have a motto which says The Buck Stops Here' -- the decision has to be made." In his farewell address to the American people given in January 1953, President Truman referred to this concept very specifically in asserting that, "The President--whoever he is--has to decide. He can't pass the buck to anybody. No one else can do the deciding for him. That's his job. The sign has been displayed at the Library since 1957. * Mitford M. Mathews, ed., A Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1951), I, pages 198-199.	Harry S. Truman
Napoleon Bonaparte was born on which island?	KNLS Tutorial Idioms, Page One Transcripts for Bryan Tutorials, Part I 025 A common American idiom is ALL GOOD THINGS COME TO THOSE WHO WAIT. This proverb, of French origin, has been traced back to 1530. It reminds us that patience will help achieve a goal. An American might say, "Don't be frustrated in learning to ride your bike, Steven. All good things come to those who wait." ALL GOOD THINGS COME TO THOSE WHO WAIT is considered one of the most common proverbs used in America. Here's another example. "Don't give up, Rusty! All good things come to those who wait." Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 026 A popular American idiom is THE BUCK STOPS HERE. This phrase indicates that the speaker is ready to take responsibility for the situation. You might hear someone say, "I am the leader of this group, so THE BUCK STOPS HERE." The American president Harry Truman had a sign on his desk that said THE BUCK STOPS HERE. The saying TO PASS THE BUCK means just the opposite. This speaker is trying to shift responsibility to another. Here is another example of todayï¿½s expression - " As principal of this school, I would just like to let everyone know that THE BUCK STOPS HERE." Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 027 The idiom CHARITY BEGINS AT HOME is a common saying with Biblical roots. The expression asserts that family members are more important than other responsibilities. In the Bible book of 1 Timothy the writer says, 'But if a widow has children or grandchildren, these should learn first of all to put their religion into practice by caring for their own family and so repaying their parents and grandparents, for this is pleasing to God.' You might hear an American say, 'Mr. Smith, your mother needs help with her yardwork. Remember, CHARITY BEGINS AT HOME.' Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 028 A very interesting idiom Americans use often is DON'T BITE OFF MORE THAN YOU CAN CHEW. This idiom, which can be traced back over 100 years, urges one to not try to do more than one can realistically handle. An example would be, 'Are you sure you want to be in charge of this project, MaryJane? It's awful complicated. Please DON'T BITE OFF MORE THAN YOU CAN CHEW. One should not overestimate ones abilities. DON'T BITE OFF MORE THAN YOU CAN CHEW. Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 029 EASIER SAID THAN DONE is an interesting American idiom. Dating back to the 1500's, this proverb implies that it is easier to advise someone on how to complete a task than it is to actually do the work yourself. You might hear an American say, "It only took you five minutes to explain to me how to repair my leaky faucet, but it took me two hours to actually do the work. Fixing that faucet was easier said than done." Telling someone else how to do something is always easier than following your own directions! It's EASIER SAID THAN DONE. Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 030 The saying FIRST THINGS FIRST dates back over 150 years, and was the title of a book by G. Jackson. Important things, or the first things, should come before less important things. An American might say, 'I have so much to do, the laundry, helping the kids with homework, visiting my mother. I need to make some decisions. First things have to come first.' This saying encourages us to set priorities based upon what is most important. Another example - Mrs. Brown's career was very important to her, but now she makes more time for her family. She's putting first things first.' Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 031 GIVE CREDIT WHERE CREDIT IS DUE is an American idiom that inspires us to recognize people for contributions they make to a project or a plan. The saying has Biblical roots, originating in the Bible book of Romans where the writer says, 'Give everyone what you owe him: If you owe tax, pay taxes; if revenue, then revenue; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor.' In America, you might hear someone say, 'John has worked so hard on this school project. I think we need to make an announcement and give credit where credit is due.' Someone who works hard and does a good job deserves to be acknowledged. GIVE CREDIT WHERE CREDIT IS DUE. Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 032 An American idiom that encourages us to be cautious is HASTE MAKES WASTE. Being hasty often results in unnecessary mistakes. The proverb appears in writings dating as far back as 1380. An American might say, 'Shawn, you need to slow down and think about what you are doing. Haste makes waste.' It's better to be careful and attentive, than hasty and wasteful. Another example - 'He is so eager to finish this job on time, I had to keep reminding him that HASTE MAKES WASTE.' Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 033 IF AT FIRST YOU DON'T SUCCEED, TRY, TRY AGAIN is an American idiom that inspires us all not to give up. This saying was originally used in the 1800's to encourage school children to finish their lessons. An American today might say, 'James, I know it's hard to learn those math facts, but keep trying. If at first you don't succeed, try, try again.' Hereï¿½s another example, ï¿½Sally, you did not do well on your last test, but just remember, if at first you donï¿½t succeed, try try again.ï¿½ The expression reminds not to give up; to be persistent. IF AT FIRST YOU DON'T SUCCEED, TRY, TRY AGAIN. Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 034 JUDGE NOT THAT YOU BE NOT JUDGED is an American idiom that has Biblical roots. Taken from the Bible book of Matthew this verse reminds us that by being critical of others, we open ourselves up for criticism as well. All of us have faults, and it's better to work on improving ourselves than pointing out the faults in others. An American might say 'Tom, maybe we'd better quit picking on Terry and her problems at the office. Remember, judge not that you be not judged.' A similar expression, also from the Bible, 'Let him who is without sin cast the first stone.' Todayï¿½s idiom is JUDGE NOT THAT YOU BE NOT JUDGED. Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 035 KEEP YOUR EYES OPEN AND YOUR MOUTH SHUT is a very useful American idiom. Traced back to the late 1500's, it admonishes us to watch and listen much more than we talk. In America, you might hear, 'Jan this is your chance to learn what's really going on around here, so keep your eyes open and your mouth shut.' We can learn a whole lot about a situation just by watching and listening. On the other hand, we don't learn much when we are doing all the talking. Another example - 'Come to the meeting with me, Bill, but keep your eyes open and your mouth shut, and we'll talk about your impressions later.' KEEP YOUR EYES OPEN AND YOUR MOUTH SHUT. Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 036 THE LAST STRAW WILL BREAK THE CAMEL'S BACK is a fascinating American idiom. This is said about something that turns a bad situation into a disaster. You might hear an American say, 'Sharon, your grades in math have not been very good this month, but your grade on this last test is the straw that will break the camel's back.' You will not be allowed to play outside until you can do better.' The saying is often shortened to just 'the last straw', as in 'Thomas, I saw you throw that rock! That's the last straw! Come inside right now!' THE LAST STRAW WILL BREAK THE CAMEL'S BACK. Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 037 A MAN IS ONLY AS OLD AS HE FEELS is an amusing American idiom. It reminds us that youthfulness is a matter of the mind, not chronological age. Whereas an old person may feel young, a young person may also feel old. In America, someone might say, 'Oh, come on, Neal, you're not too old to play baseball with us. A man is only as old as he feels!' Other ways that Americans say 'A man is only as old as he feels' include 'You're as young as you feel' and 'You're as young as you think you are.' A MAN IS ONLY AS OLD AS HE FEELS Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 038 NEVER JUDGE A BOOK BY ITS COVER is an often used American proverb. This phrase admonishes us not to judge a person or situation based on first impressions. This idiom originated in the United States in the early 1900s, and is one of the most frequently used American proverbs. An American might say, 'As someone who prefers never to judge a book by its cover, I waited a few months before I formed an opinion about my new boss.' Hereï¿½s another example, ï¿½Look Tim, I know the boss seems gruff, but heï¿½s really a nice guy once you get to know him. You should NEVER JUDGE A BOOK BY ITS COVERï¿½ Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 039 A captivating American idiom is ONE PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS. This saying reminds us that visual images leave a greater impression than words. It has also been proven that children learn better by seeing and hearing than by hearing alone. In America, you might hear, ï¿½Did you see the photo of those starving children in Somalia? One picture is worth a thousand words.ï¿½ Originated in the 1920s, this saying is listed in all major dictionaries of American proverbs. ONE PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS. Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 040 A fairly new American idiom is READ MY LIPS. The speaker is assuring his audience that he is telling the truth, and they should listen closely. In America, you might hear someone say, 'Read my lips! I said I will not go to the party with you!' Although dating back to the early 1980s, this saying was popularized in the United States by George Bush in his campaign for the presidency in 1988. Another example - 'Stacey, read my lips! I said no cookies before dinner, and I what I say!' READ MY LIPS Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 041 An American idiom that parents should heed is SPARE THE ROD AND SPOIL THE CHILD. This saying reminds us that a child who is never disciplined will grow up to be rude and self-centered. You might hear an American say, 'Beth is getting old enough to understand that 'no' means 'no'. Spare the rod and spoil the child.' This idiom appears in the Bible book of Proverbs. Hereï¿½s another example. Bob and Helen have completely lost control of their children. Donï¿½t they know that when you spare the rod you spoil the child?ï¿½ SPARE THE ROD AND SPOIL THE CHILD. Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? 042 THERE'S NO USE CRYING OVER SPILLED MILK is one of the most frequently used idioms in America. Dating back to the 1600s, this saying encourages us not to dwell on something that happened in the past that cannot be changed. An American might say, 'I'm sorry your team lost, Bruce, but it's over, and there's no use crying over spilled milk.' Another idiom that means the same thing is 'What's done is done.' Here is nother example of todayï¿½s expression - 'Daniel, you did your best on the science test. I'm sorry your score was not as good as you expected, but there's no use crying over spoiled milk.' Would you like to return to the tutorial directory , or would you like return to the list of all program transcripts ? The New Life Station is pleased to provide transcripts online for a number of KNLS programs. Please note that all scripts are the property of World Christian Broadcasting and/or SeedSower Productions. They are provided here for your personal enjoyment only and may not be disseminated in any fashion without prior written permission.	i don't know
What is the US Presidents Maryland retreat called?	Camp David FAS \| Nuke \| Guide \| USA \| C3I \|\|\|\| Index \| Search \| Camp David Presidential Retreat Site Located 70 miles from the White House in the Catoctin Mountains of Maryland, Camp David was established in 1942 as a place for the President to relax and entertain. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt wanted to escape the summer heat of Washington, D.C., and the higher altitude of the Camp provided cool breezes and good security. President Roosevelt called the Camp "Shangri-La" after the mountain kingdom in James Hilton's book Lost Horizon. It was renamed Camp David in 1953 by President Eisenhower in honor of his grandson. The Camp is operated by Navy personnel, and troops from the Marine Barracks in Washington, D.C., provide permanent security. Marine One carries the President during the half-hour helicopter ride from our Nation's capital. Guests at Camp David can enjoy a pool, putting green, driving range, tennis courts, gymnasium, and the many guest cabins -- Dogwood, Maple, Holly, Birch, and Rosebud, to name a few. The presidential cabin is called Aspen Lodge. Camp David has been the site of many historic international meetings. It was there, during World War II, that President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill planned the Allies' invasion of Europe. Many historical events have occurred at the Presidential Retreat; the planning of the Normandy invasion, Eisenhower-Khrushchev meetings, discussions of the Bay of Pigs, Vietnam War discussions, and many other meetings with foreign dignitaries and guests. President Jimmy Carter chose the site for the meeting of Middle East leaders that led to the Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt. Camp David continues to serve as the Presidential Retreat. It is a private, secluded place for recreation, contemplation, rest, and relaxation. Maintaining the privacy and secluded atmosphere of the retreat is an important role for Catoctin Mountain Park. The Presidential Retreat still remains within park boundaries but is not open to the public. It is a place where presidents can relax, unwind, contemplate, entertain distinguished guests in an informal setting, and cope with the pressures of modern day society. The Presidential retreat is not open or accessible to the public, but the eastern hardwood forest of Catoctin Mountain Park has many other attractions for visitors: camping, picnicking, fishing, 25 miles of hiking trails, scenic mountain vistas, all await exploration. Catoctin Mountain Park was originally submarginal land purchased by the government in 1936, to be developed into a recreational facility. The facility was to demonstrate how rough terrain and eroded soil could be turned into productive land again. The New Deal's Works Progress Administration, WPA, began the work in the newly created Catoctin Recreational Demonstration Area, joined by the Civilian Conservation Crops, CCC, in 1939. Camp Misty Mount was first used by the Maryland League for Crippled Children. After the first year, the League moved to a second camp in 1938, Camp Greentop, because Camp Misty Mount's terrain was difficult to negotiate in a wheelchair. A third camp, Camp Hi-Catoctin, was completed in the winter of 1938-1939 and was used for three years as a family camp for federal employees. President Franklin D. Roosevelt was accustomed to seeking relief from hot Washington, D.C. summers and relaxing on weekends, aboard the presidential yacht "Potomac" or at Hyde Park, NY. In 1942 the U.S. Secret Service were very concerned about the President's continued use of the "Potomac." World War II had brought an attack on Pearl Harbor and German U boats close in Atlantic waters. Presidential safety was a concern and Presidential health was also a concern. The muggy climate of Washington, D.C., was considered detrimental to his health, affecting his sinuses. A new retreat, a place to relax, within a 100 mile radius of Washington, D.C. and in the cool mountain air was sought. Several sites were considered but Camp Hi-Catoctin in the Catoctin Recreational Demonstration Area was selected after the President's first visit on April 22, 1942. A camp was already built on the site and the estimated conversion cost was $18,650. It was also almost 10 degrees cooler than Washington. The camp for federal employee's families became the camp of one federal employee, the President of the United States. Roosevelt quickly renamed the camp to "Shangri-La" from James Hilton's 1933 novel, Lost Horizon.	Camp David
In 1999 Richard Branson sold just under half of Virgin Atlantic shares to which other airline?	Presidential Vacations Presidential Vacations Posted on August 28, 2014 \| Updated on December 23, 2015 Q: Is it true that George W. Bush took more vacation days than Barack Obama? A: Yes. Before his two-week trip to Martha’s Vineyard in August, Obama’s count was 125 full or partial days and Bush’s total at the same point in his presidency was 407. FULL ANSWER Our inbox is chock full of questions about who took more vacation days, Obama or Bush. (The short answer: Bush. The long answer: There’s no such thing as a true non-working vacation for the president.) The recent barrage from our readers coincides with Obama’s 15-day family vacation on Martha’s Vineyard — he returned to the White House on Aug. 24 — which occurred during major news events including the beheading of a U.S. journalist by Islamic militants and protests in Ferguson, Missouri, after a police officer shot and killed an unarmed 18-year-old black man. The vacation also occurred during the funeral of Maj. Gen. Harold J. Greene , the only general officer killed in Afghanistan. Obama faced criticism for being on vacation during these times, but those types of complaints are nothing new — either to Obama or presidents in general. Readers may recall the criticism directed at Bush for the August weeks spent at his ranch in Crawford, Texas. Others may remember Democrats chastising President Dwight Eisenhower for spending time on the golf course . We last dealt with the who-took-more-vacation question in January 2010 , at which point Obama had spent 26 days on “vacation” during his first year in office, fewer than the first year totals for Presidents Bush, George H.W. Bush or Ronald Reagan. Our numbers are all courtesy of CBS News White House Correspondent Mark Knoller, who has covered every president since Gerald Ford and tracks the commander in chief’s travel. But, as we noted then, presidents never fully escape from the job. Knoller told us he doesn’t consider these days away from the White House real “vacation” days. He said then in an email: “I have long held the view that a US president is never really on vacation. The job — and its awesome powers and responsibilities — is his wherever he is and whatever he’s doing.” Bush officials called the Crawford ranch the “Western White House” to emphasize the days there involved plenty of official business, and Obama’s recent Martha’s Vineyard break included several presidential statements and two days spent back at the White House in the middle of the “vacation.” Presidents may clear brush or hit the links, but they are never actually off the clock. Still, much is made of these presidential vacation days — and how to count them. Knoller doesn’t include visits to Camp David , the presidential retreat in Maryland often used to host foreign leaders. On Aug. 8, the day before Obama left for Martha’s Vineyard , Knoller tweeted that Obama had spent 125 full or partial days on vacation , and at the same point in Bush’s presidency, he had spent 381 days at his Texas ranch plus 26 days at his parents’ home in Kennebunkport, Maine, for a total of 407. When we emailed Knoller on Aug. 26, Obama was up to 140 days by his count. Bush’s total for his two terms in office is 533 days, which includes 490 at the ranch and the rest at Kennebunkport. For comparison’s sake, President Bill Clinton’s total is 174 days, and Reagan hit 390 (349 at his ranch and 41 in Palm Springs), according to Knoller. Adding in Camp David visits would bring Obama’s total to date to 223 (that’s 83 days at Camp David) and Bush’s total for his entire time in office to 1,024 (491 days at the presidential retreat). Note that Obama still has more than two years in office to narrow the gap. Deciding how to count these “vacation” days can create some confusion. CNN recently listed a count of 879 days for Bush and 150 for Obama, numbers that came from a Washington Post “Outlook” piece on “Five myths on presidential vacations.” (Myth No. 1: “Presidents get vacations.”) The 879 figure, it turns out, is from March 3, 2008, at which point Bush had spent that many days at the ranch and Camp David (but it doesn’t include days in Kennebunkport). The numbers are in a 2008 Washington Post piece and attributed to Knoller. If readers want to make an apples-to-apples comparison, the best solution is to use Knoller’s figures as of August 8, cited above: Bush, 407; Obama, 125. But the numbers say more about how many days the presidents spent away from the White House than they do about how much time the presidents spent not working. Updated, Dec. 23, 2015: As he has in past years, the president is vacationing in Hawaii for the holidays. So we thought we would check in with Knoller, the CBS reporter who keeps track of presidential vacations, for an update. Knoller tells us in an email that Obama has taken “24 vacation trips of varying lengths totaling all or part of 182 days as of today.” This means that Obama as president now has taken more vacation days than Bill Clinton, but less than George W. Bush. — Lori Robertson Knoller, Mark. Email interview with FactCheck.org. 26 Aug 2014. Knoller, Mark. Twitter feed . 8 Aug 2014. Farris, Scott. “ Five myths about presidential vacations .” Washington Post. 15 Aug 2014. Froomkin, Dan. White House Watch . Washington Post. 4 Mar 2008.	i don't know
Travelling directly east from Cape Horn where would your next landfall be?	A Holland America cruise around Cape Horn - Telegraph Cruises A Holland America cruise around Cape Horn After a cruise on Holland America's ms Veendam around Cape Horn, Gill Charlton was finally converted to cruising. The shape of Cape Horn, the end of a continent Photo: Alamy Holland America's ms Veendam, a mid-size ship by modern standards, with a sense of tradition Port Stanley on the Falkland Islands Photo: Alamy One of the landing points was Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay Photo: Alamy Image 1 of 5 A king penguin, one of a couple of species that Gill Charlton saw on her cruise around Cape Horn Photo: Alamy By Gill Charlton 11:25AM GMT 03 Nov 2011 Even for a veteran traveller like myself, there’s a frisson of excitement on the quayside in Buenos Aires as we hand over luggage and passports. Plastic smartcard in hand, I mount the gangway with some trepidation. Two friends have persuaded me to go on a Holland America cruise despite my qualms at being holed up with 1,600 others and seeing only fleeting glimpses of ports of call. However, 12-day cruises around Cape Horn, from Argentina to Chile via the Falkland Islands, is a journey that should be done by sea. The ms Veendam plies this route every winter. A mid-size ship by modern standards, she retains a sense of tradition: lots of polished brass, formal dining with black-tie nights and wooden steamer chairs on her wraparound promenade deck. Museum-quality antiques and artwork are all over the ship. My Lanai stateroom is spacious and comfortable: a king-size bed, sofa and small desk. The bathroom has a short shallow bath and a powerful shower. Best of all, a sliding-glass door opens on to the lower promenade deck. The glass has been treated, so I can watch the ocean lying in bed but nobody can look in at me. The red-plush Rotterdam dining room occupies the stern of the ship. We have been assigned table 23 beside a large window on the upper balcony. Guests can choose free seating or reserve tables for two, four or more. It means there is no chance of getting stuck with the very dull. (For those who prefer not to dress for dinner there is a bright, buzzy self-service restaurant.) The cheerful, attentive waiters are from Java, supervised by Raj from Bangalore, who has a no-problem-can’t-be-solved attitude. He trained with Taj Hotels and, after discovering our love of India, invites us one evening to try a fiery curry cooked by his personal chef. Related Articles Th ultimate guide to America's 'last frontier' 08 Feb 2016 The cheapest wines – $22 (£13.73) a bottle – are uninspiring choices from Australia and California. Instead, we pick up Argentinian and Chilean vintages in our ports of call and pay the $18 corkage. Overnight we cross the River Plate to Montevideo, capital of Uruguay. It is Saturday and the colonial centre is deserted; even the museums are closed. A flea market selling silver plate, second-hand books and clothes draws in a few locals, who walk along sucking maté tea through silver straws, a Thermos tucked under an arm for refills. This sour-tasting brew made from the holly leaf is a national obsession. There’s a strong South American and Spanish presence on the ship, couples and multi-generation families, plus a few parties of French and more British than I had expected. Americans and Canadians still dominate, but the age profile is younger than on many cruises, probably because the seas can be rougher. It soon dawns that there are two kinds of passenger on board and that their paths rarely cross. The majority like to lie around the pool, eat in the self-service restaurant, play the slot machines and take coach excursions. The minority read in the excellent library, drink cocktails in the Crow’s Nest bar and listen to talks on how to make your own way in the next landfall. Nowhere on board seems crowded. Up on Deck 12, we are the only ones pounding the boardwalk (13 laps to a mile) as we sail towards the Falkland Islands. The sky is blue and streaked with horsetails, the wind still warm. Sleek black skuas follow in our wake. We take all our meals in the main dining room: silver-service breakfast with dishes from around the world, Japanese miso soup to perfect eggs Benedict, Indonesian nasi goreng for lunch and a proper high tea. The dinner menu changes daily: crab bisque, interesting salads, home-made ravioli, perfectly cooked steaks and slipper lobster, creamy puddings. Low-calorie choices are helpfully asterisked. The high quality of the food comes as a surprise. Given that most passengers are paying about £80 a day full board for this cruise (which includes a big chunk for fuel), I had not expected such fine dining. It takes 60 hours to reach the Falklands. There’s a moderate swell that thuds against the prow and sends some to their beds. Black- browed albatross fly alongside us, gliding inches above the waves. With a seven-foot wingspan and white torpedo-shaped bodies, they are the Concorde of the avian world and spend their lives fishing for squid and shrimp. They sleep on the wing and return to the Falklands to breed only after a decade at sea. It’s a warm February morning when we arrive in Port Stanley and anchor outside the harbour. Many passengers have signed up for the long bumpy ride to a king penguin colony. Only eight of us join Ledda, a Yorkshire-born retired GP, for a four-hour nature trek. A noxious smell gives away a colony of Magellanic penguins. The young are almost as tall as their mothers, brown fur moulting to uncover sleek oiled pelts. A Typhoon fighter jet drowns out the song of the red-breasted meadow lark. It’s a new addition to the islands’ air defence, says Ledda. There is a fear that the discovery of offshore oil will lead to more tension with Argentina. More than 1,700 British soldiers and airmen are still stationed on the islands. The walk ends above a wide sickle of white sand which, like nearby beaches, is still mined. Occasionally a cow gets blown up, says Ledda, assuring us that the two stray king penguins are safe, even though they dwarf their Magellanic cousins. Their humanoid ways make them hilarious to watch: one flaps up the beach like a child pretending to fly, the other plods after him like a fed- up younger brother. Back in Port Stanley, a tidy two-street town of low stone buildings with tin roofs, we find our shipmates in the souvenir shops, where penguins stand proud on loo rolls, emery boards, fridge magnets and mouse mats – all made in Britain. “Some days we get two or three cruise ships in,” a shopkeeper says. “Last week there were over 6,000 people in town and we had to operate a queuing system.” I send a postcard back to Britain for 60p; it arrives before I do. Last December, the Veendam ploughed through an exceptional storm on her way from the Falklands to Cape Horn, with waves of more than 90ft. It’s good to know the ship is that seaworthy as we head to Tierra del Fuego. The light is fading as we approach the archipelago that makes up Cape Horn. Despite the fierce wind, the sea is a flat calm. The captain sounds the horn as we round the Cape itself, a great slab of basalt holding back the Southern Ocean. We wake to find ourselves in Ushuaia, jumping-off point for cruises to Antarctica. It’s a boom town with crazy drivers, giant graffiti and no planning laws. There are glass high-rises next to Tyrolean chalets and garish tin homes. The most hairy-chested of the organised excursions (canoeing apart) is a four-wheel-drive trip into the tundra and a pleasant walk through a beech forest for a steak lunch cooked over a brazier in a woodman’s hut. The sociable outing is led by Maria, whose family has lived here for generations. She tells us that the indigenous Yamuna people, who wore no clothes and lit fires in their bark boats to keep warm, are now extinct. In the winter Argentinians come for cross-country skiing and husky sled rides. A woman is an hour late for the ship. She is slow-clapped on board as we are all impatient to set sail for the Beagle Channel, where glaciers of blue ice tumble down to the sea. After such a warm summer’s day the wind blowing off the glaciers chills us like walking into a deep freeze. Find a Holland America cruise The channel water is a beautiful blue-green. There are sandy beaches, colonies of seals and penguins on rocky headlands, and great tongues of churned ice. Yet we are only 53 degrees south, on a similar latitude to Wales. Our next landfall, Punta Arenas in Chile, is a much more sophisticated affair thanks to two families, the Brauns and the Hamburgers, who arrived here from Prussia in the 19th century. They made fortunes from sheep-farming and built handsome mansions in the Spanish classical style. This is where being on a cruise comes into its own. It’s a chance to grab a snapshot of a place, to see whether it warrants a return visit. Punta Arenas is worth a day of anyone’s time, but no more. As we cruise through the Chilean fjords the weather closes in and the landscape of Patagonia, scrubbed bare by ice, wind and rain, appears the bleakest place on Earth. Only about 40 of us are enjoying the 180- degree view from the Crow’s Nest bar as the Veendam makes her way between the low knobbly islands. Dolphins arrive to play in our wake as the jumble of blue ice that is the Amelie glacier fans into the sea ahead of us. The Veendam prudently stands off as icebergs the size of small cars float past. In the evenings, the entertainment director, Patti, introduces an unremarkable succession of cabaret crooners, magic shows and tango dancers. We find better music in the smaller lounges, including a young soul singer who would win The X Factor. That is the pleasure of a ship this size – there really is something for everyone. Puerto Montt is our final port of call. Puerto Varas, a short taxi ride away, is a pretty lakeside town of larch shingle houses and high-quality craft shops settled by German immigrants in the 1850s. Locals are swimming in the lake against the backdrop of a picture-book snow-capped volcano. So would I cruise again? The answer is yes. I can absolutely see the appeal of a taster cruise to the Baltic or to Alaska, and sea days are a rare chance to relax completely. What struck me was how proud the crew are to work on a Holland America ship. It’s clearly like being part of a large family at sea. There’s a real commitment to getting the experience right – for everyone on board. I hadn’t expected that. Gill Charlton cruised on Holland America Line’s South America Passage cruise (0845 351 0557; www.hollandamerica.co.uk ) on the ms Veendam. Prices for a 15-night package departing from Valparaiso (Santiago) on March 5, 2012 and ending in Buenos Aires, starts from £2,219 per person sharing a twin inside stateroom including return flight from London, pre-cruise hotel night, transfer and full board on the 12-night cruise. Find more cruise deals . Find a Holland America cruise Your say Have you done a cruise around Cape Horn? Or can you remember a moment when you were converted to the pleasures of a cruise holiday? Share your thoughts below. The best comments will be considered for our Travel Views competition for the chance to win two return Brittany Ferries tickets.	Cape Horn
How many men have walked on the Moon?	InciWeb the Incident Information System: Cape Horn News Release Location: East end of Bayview, Idaho on Cape Horn Mountain Agency Jurisdiction: Idaho Department of Lands Cooperating Agencies: Kootenai and Bonner County Sheriff’s Departments, U.S. Forest Service- Idaho Panhandle National Forests, Timberlake Fire Protection District Incident Command: Western Montana Type II Interagency Incident Management Team (IMT) CURRENT SIZE: 1202 acres CONTAINMENT: 40 % CAUSE: Under investigation. Any rumors of cause and origin are false and unsubstantiated. UPDATE: UPDATE: Road blocks will remain in place to the general public and with access to Cape Horn Road being limited to property owners. However, the area is a hazardous environment with many smoldering hot spots, rolling rocks and logs, fire and utility vehicles traveling as well as working directly from the road. We ask that only residents and those with pertinent business enter into the fire area for the next few days for your own safety. TODAY’S ACTIVITIES: Kootenai Electric replaced all the burnt poles and power lines and successfully returned power to the area in a very timely fashion. Residents were allowed to return to their homes today. Idaho Governor Otter visited the fire area and was briefed at the Incident Command Post this morning. Crews continued building containment lines and conducting burn out operations along the fire perimeter. Helicopters supported ground operations by dropping water to strengthen fire lines and cool hotspots. A community meeting was held at 8:00 p.m. at the Bayview Community Center where local fire, law enforcement and IMT members discussed today’s activities, accomplishments, and future plans. The next community meeting will be held at 8:00 p.m. Saturday evening 7/11. We will continue to update our Inciweb and Facebook pages daily and Information Officers will be posting updates and interfacing with residents throughout the community. RESOURCES ON THE FIRE: nine 20 person crews, eight engines, two air tankers, four helicopters, one fireboat, two sheriff boats, three dozers, two water tenders, Total personnel: 402 SPECIAL CONCERNS: Rolling rocks and falling debris pose a significant risk to residents travelling on Cape Horn Road. Please drive slowly and limit your travel to allow firefighters in the affected area. Steep, rugged terrain, snags, and old mine shafts in the fire area pose safety concerns for firefighters. Unit Information	i don't know
The Painting 'La Giaconda' is better know as what?	La Gioconda: mystery, regret and controversy behind the painting \| Italy La Gioconda: mystery, regret and controversy behind the painting Submitted by annadefilippo on Tue, 12/22/2015 - 12:04 La Gioconda: mystery, regret and controversy behind the painting One of the greatest paintings of Italian art is certainly La Gioconda, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece. The painting, better known abroad as "Monna Lisa" ("Monna" is the abbreviation for Madonna and corresponds to the current term "woman") is kept in the museum of the Louvre in Paris. This 77 x 53 cm painting is unsigned, but it is sure the work was painted by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci in 1500. However, the artist never considered the work completed and he never gave it to his commissioner. This has often raised questions which, together with many others, haven't found any answer, yet. La Gioconda Many years have passed since its creation, but the secrets surrounding La Gioconda are far from being revealed: mystery dominates all that relates to this amazing work of art. Mistery created by the penetrating, yet ambiguous gaze of Monna Lisa herself, the identity of whom we do not know. La Gioconda is a typical Renaissance painting characterized by harmony of colors and nuances. The portrait divides the canvas into two main sectors: one where the protagonist predominates the scene, and the second where we can see a landscape with rocks, streets, rivers and vegetation, considered an imaginative place. The painting and its elements have been given several different interpretations. The identity of the subject remains still uncertain, but its image well known: an enigmatic woman, smiling. According to research conducted by Florentine scholars, La Gioconda really existed in the past and she corresponds to Lisa Gherardini, the second wife of the Florentine silk trader Francesco Del Giocondo. The Del Giocondos knew Leonardo's family: it was the artist's father, it seems, who put them in touch with one another. Other women have been linked to the identity of the painting and it has also been hypothesized she may have been pregnant due to the way she rested her hands on her belly. Another interesting position on the matter, often considered hazardous, is the theory according to which the subject of the painting is Leonardo himself. This thesis was elaborated not only for the similarity between the painting and Leonardo's face, but also because the reason Leonardo never returned the painting to its commissioner has never been clarified. The attachment of Leonardo to the painting is still unexplained, but that's the same for the identity of the person portrayed, which may remain a mystery. La Gioconda, in spite of its popularity, is fundamentally a work of mystery: the smile, the eyes, the subject, all contributed to create an aura of mystery and enigma around it. The eyes and the smile of La Gioconda have been considered the key to reveal its secrets by many. Proof of it is the number of studies carried out on their analysis in the hope to solve, once and for all, the mystery of the Monna Lisa.	Mona Lisa
The only fruit to have it's seeds on the outside is a what?	Best Funny Mona Lisa Parodies La Gioconda Painting NO Panic! at the Disco - YouTube Best Funny Mona Lisa Parodies La Gioconda Painting NO Panic! at the Disco Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Sep 18, 2014 Best Funny Mona Lisa Parodies (La Gioconda Painting) NO Panic! at the Disco. This video is 720 HD High Definition with plenty of College Humor and Art Spoofs for your Enjoyment and more. Video Collage Montage depicting the many different styles of Mona Lisa art work by various Artists. Mona Bong by BongHead123 Mona Leia by Jim Hance Lego by Marco Pece Comic Book Pop Art by Roy Lichtenstein Vegetables by Shalmor Amichay Kiss Renaissance Rocks by Buko Coffee Beans by KhuanSuwan Boogie Mona by Antonio Rodrigues Mona Lisa by qqClare Plastic Round Beads by RVAYA Vegetables by Amichay Surreal Fish by Victor Molev Pasta by Nickolas-Moustakas Red BowTie by Brut Carniollus Thumb by Dito Von Tease Pastels by Josc3a9-Paulino Purple Ice Cream - Toast Version at Hong Kong 2010 Blue Cat by Britto All My Live (Fast Version) - Rocket City Riot Various Artists Featuring the Coolest Best Funny Mona Lisa Painting Parody Parodies Spoof of Leonardo Da Vinci Great at Work. La Gioconda in Italian. Not to be confused with, even though the Mona Lisa painting inspired them, Panic! at the Disco: The Ballad Of Mona Lisa , Mona Lisa 1986 movie , [Alkilados] music video , Adam & Jamie 80 Milliseconds , nor the Nat King Cole song VERSIONS. Brief History from Wikipedia.org: The Mona Lisa (Monna Lisa or La Gioconda in Italian; La Joconde in French) is a half-length portrait of a woman by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, which has been acclaimed as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world." The painting, thought to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo, is in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel, and is believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506, although Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic, on permanent display at The Louvre museum in Paris since 1797. LEGACY: The avant-garde art world has made note of the undeniable fact of the Mona Lisa's popularity. Because of the painting's overwhelming stature, Dadaists and Surrealists often produce modifications and caricatures. Already in 1883, Le rire, an image of a Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, by Sapeck (Eugène Bataille), was shown at the "Incoherents" show in Paris. In 1919, Marcel Duchamp, one of the most influential modern artists, created L.H.O.O.Q., a Mona Lisa parody made by adorning a cheap reproduction with a moustache and a goatee. Duchamp added an inscription, which when read out loud in French sounds like "Elle a chaud au cul" meaning: "she has a hot ass", implying the woman in the painting is in a state of sexual excitement and intended as a Freudian joke. According to Rhonda R. Shearer, the apparent reproduction is in fact a copy partly modeled on Duchamp's own face. Salvador Dalí, famous for his surrealist work, painted Self portrait as Mona Lisa in 1954. In 1963 following the painting's visit to the United States, Andy Warhol created serigraph prints of multiple Mona Lisas called Thirty are Better than One, like his works of Marilyn Monroe (Twenty-five Coloured Marilyns, 1962), Elvis Presley (1964) and Campbell's soup (1961–1962). The Mona Lisa continues to inspire artists around the world. A French urban artist known pseudonymously as Invader has created versions on city walls in Paris and Tokyo using his trademark mosaic style. (Information from Wikipedia.org, more detailed information available.) All Rights (Trade Marks, Copyrights, Intellectual Property, etc.) belong to their respective Owners. The material in this video is licensed, and/or allowed by owner and/or allowed Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. This video is intended to be used for any and/or all of the above purposes. Category	i don't know
Lanzarote belongs to which group of islands?	Lanzarote \| Lanzarote Business's for Sale Show the navigation Lanzarote The northernmost and also the easternmost of the Canary Islands, is located only 77 miles from the African mainland. It is the fourth largest island of the archipelago. Geographically, Lanzarote belongs to Macaronesia, a group of islands in the Atlantic including the Canary Islands as well as the archipelagos of Madeira, the Azores and Cape Verde. Population: approx 150,000 Area: 326 sq miles\| 40 miles long and 13 miles wide (east to west at its widest) Capital: Arrecife Airport Code: ACE Population breakdown: The population of English-speaking expats in Lanzarote is just under 8,000 people, German 4,200 and Irish 700. A total of 136 nationalities live in Lanzarote.	Canary Islands
The setting agent 'Agar' is obtained from seaweed. True or false?	What continent does Lanzarote belong to? (2 replies) - Travel Travel I'm going there and want to know if i will have left Europe ? ANSWER #1 of 2 The best answer here is 'sort of'. Lanzarote belongs to the African Tectonic Plate. So you will be in Africa in a geographical sense. However it is also under the rule of Spain and therefore politically an outlying European area. If your friends ask, you can say you left Europe though. It'll pass, I'm sure. ANSWER #2 of 2 lanzarote is the 4th largest island in the canary islands and about 125 miles from the nearest continet africa,it does not belong to any continent,but as euro's for its currency,because the canary islands belong to spain	i don't know
Patrick Duffy played which character in 'Dallas'?	Patrick Duffy - IMDb IMDb Actor \| Director \| Producer Youngest of 2 children, and only son born to Terrence and Marie Duffy. He is NOT related to Julia Duffy , of Newhart (1982) fame. Patrick was born in Montana, where his parents owned local taverns, and raised in Seattle since age 12. He wanted to become a professional athlete, and became a certified scuba diver while in his teens. However, his ... See full bio » Born: a list of 27 images created 05 Sep 2012 a list of 35 people created 07 Mar 2015 a list of 44 people created 15 Mar 2015 a list of 35 images created 31 Oct 2015 a list of 43 people created 27 Nov 2015 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Patrick Duffy's work have you seen? User Polls 5 wins & 5 nominations. See more awards » Known For Step by Step Frank Lambert / Yo-Yo (1991-1998) 2015 The Fosters (TV Series) Robert Quinn Sr. - The End of the Beginning (2015) ... Robert Quinn Sr. 2012-2014 Dallas (TV Series) 2010 30 for 30 (TV Series documentary) Narrator 2010 Party Down (TV Series) Patrick Duffy 2010 Healing Hands (TV Movie) Uncle Norman 2009 Love Takes Wing (TV Movie) Mayor Evans 2006 Desolation Canyon (TV Movie) Sheriff Tomas 'Swede' Lundstrom 1999 Dead Man's Gun (TV Series) Lyman Gage 1998 Diagnosis Murder (TV Series) Wayde Garrett 1997 Heart of Fire (TV Movie) Max Tucker 1992 Goof Troop (TV Series) Harold Hatchback - Buddy Building (1992) ... Harold Hatchback (voice) 1991 Daddy (TV Movie) 1990 Murder C.O.D. (TV Movie) Steve Murtaugh 1990 ABC TGIF (TV Series) Frank 1988 Unholy Matrimony (TV Movie) John Dillman 1987 Our House (TV Series) Johnny Witherspoon 1986 Strong Medicine (TV Movie) Dr. Andrew Jordan 1981 The Love Boat (TV Series) Ralph Sutton - The Walking Bomb (1976) ... Sgt. Musial 1974 Hurricane (TV Movie) - Hindsight, Part 3 (2016) ... (as Patrick G. Duffy) 2014 Dallas (TV Series) (1 episode) 2016 The Eighties (TV Mini-Series documentary) Actor, 'Dallas' 2014 The Insider (TV Series) Himself 2004-2014 The View (TV Series) Himself 2014 The Talk (TV Series) Himself 1990-2014 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) Himself / Himself - Guest 2013 Pioneers of Television (TV Mini-Series documentary) Himself 2012 This Morning (TV Series) Himself 2012 Piers Morgan Tonight (TV Series) Himself 2006-2011 Loose Women (TV Series) Himself 2011 Inside TNT's Dallas (TV Short) Himself 2009 TV Land Moguls (TV Mini-Series documentary) Himself 2008 Bingo America (TV Series) Himself - Host 2007 TV Land Confidential (TV Series documentary) Himself - Interviewee 2007 Bring Back... Dallas (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2006 A Hero's Welcome (TV Special) Host 2005 All-Star Cup 2005 (TV Series) Himself 2004 Good Day Live (TV Series) Himself 2004 Biography (TV Series documentary) Himself 2003 CBS at 75 (TV Special documentary) Himself 2002 After They Were Famous (TV Series documentary) Himself 2002 TVography: Suzanne Somers - Mastering Success (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2002 Top Ten (TV Series documentary) Himself 2000-2002 E! True Hollywood Story (TV Series documentary) Himself 1998-2002 Intimate Portrait (TV Series documentary) Himself 2000 So Graham Norton (TV Series) Himself 2000 Dale's All Stars (TV Series) Himself 1998 Late Lunch (TV Series) Himself 1996 Talk Soup (TV Series) Himself 1995 The Ultimate TV Trivia Challenge (TV Movie documentary) Himself 1991 Showbiz Today (TV Series) Himself 1988 Your Alcohol I.Q. (Video documentary short) Himself 1986-1987 Hour Magazine (TV Series) Himself 1987 The Morning Program (TV Series) Himself 1983 exclusiv (TV Series documentary) Himself 1983 Formule 1 (TV Series) Himself 1982 Estudio abierto (TV Series) Himself - Guest 1977-1979 The Hollywood Squares (TV Series) Himself 2016 Geschichten aus der Salzburger Altstadt (TV Movie documentary) Himself (uncredited) 2012 The Wright Stuff (TV Series) Himself - Actor - Episode #17.174 (2012) ... Himself - Actor 2011 Breakfast (TV Series) TV commercial: Miracle-Ear Digital Hearing Aids See more » Publicity Listings: 3 Interviews \| 2 Articles \| 4 Magazine Cover Photos \| See more » Official Sites: Did You Know? Personal Quote: I miss regular television. I miss the work ethic of those 5 day a week things. So, eventually, I'd like to get back to that. [2000] See more » Trivia: Dallas (1978) producer Leonard Katzman hired a non- Dallas (1978) crew to film what the crew believed to be an Irish Spring commercial with Patrick Duffy. The crew spent hours filming the commercial, which was then superimposed into a scene from Dallas (1978). The result is the famous shower scene where Duffy's character, "Bobby Ewing", returns from the dead and says "Good Morning" to his TV wife,... See more » Trademark: Patrick always plays the good guy See more » Nickname:	Bobby Ewing
King Zog was the last ruler of which European country?	Official Dallas website Dallas actor Patrick Duffy Be the first get all the latest news from Dallas Patrick Duffy born: 17-03-1949 birth place: Townsend, Montana, USA The son of tavern owners, Patrick Duffy was selected for a special drama program at the University of Washington while attending high school in Seattle. He became the state's first Actor in Residence, working as a carpenter and delivery man whenever he wasn't teaching or touring. After performing with the San Diego Shakespeare Festival and spending several years in minor film and television roles, Duffy was starred as gill-endowed Mark Harris in the TV series Man From Atlantis (1977). As a result, he developed a condition called Morton's Neuroma, and in 1989, had to have an operation to cut out the swollen nerve endings. He is now left with permanently damaged feet and it has been rumoured that he often wears clogs to ease the pain. It was the sort of fantasy role that either typed an actor for life or led to bigger things; fortunately for Duffy, the latter proved to be the case. In 1978, Duffy was cast as Bobby Ewing on the prime time serial Dallas . Duffy parted amicably with the series in 1985, filming a death scene; with both the show and his career foundering, he returned in 1986 in an infamous shower scene that rendered the entire '85–'86 season "just a dream." A 2004 reunion revealed that, as a teenager, series' star Larry Hagman frequently visited Duffy's parents; both were oblivious to this fact until Duffy auditioned for the role. Perhaps not incoincidentally, Duffy bonded strongly with Hagman throughout the show's run, despite being 18 years his junior. During this time, he continued to hold a variety of roles in various TV specials. On November 18 , 1986 Duffy's parents, Terrance and Marie Duffy, were murdered by Kenneth Miller, who was accompanied by Sean Wentz during the robbery of a Montana bar owned by Duffy's parents. Wentz and Miller, who were teenagers at the time, were convicted of the murders and sentenced to 75 years in prison apiece. Wentz is currently serving his sentence with the Montana Department of Corrections, while Miller is on parole, according to the Montana DOC website's inmate locator. After Dallas, Duffy moved on to star in the TV movie, Daddy (1991), based on the best-selling novel by Danielle Steel . He then took on the character Jack Lambert, in another popular television series, along side Suzanne Somers, on the family sitcom Step by Step (1991-1998). He also directed 37 of the 160 episodes. During the series he also made time to star and Executive Produce two Dallas reunion movies, J.R. Returns (1996) and War of the Ewing’s (1998), respectively. In 2001, Duffy took a voice - acting role in Family Guy, where he did a live action scene with Victoria Principal spoofing the infamous ‘shower scene’ sequence when Bobby Ewing comes back to Dallas. Duffy starred alongside Stacey Keach (American History X, Pretty Woman), in a classic Saturday afternoon Western, called Desolation Canyon (2006). Then he worked on the American daytime soap opera, The Bold and the Beautiful, in which he starred in ten episodes. Also in 2006 he starred with Shelly Long in television movie Falling in Love With the Girl Next Door (2006), and appeared as a co-host, with Elle MacPherson and Ellen Croft, for an infomercial for Ellen's "Supreme Pilates". Duffy has been married to Carlyn Duffy since 1974. The couple have two sons, Padraic Terrence (b. 1974) and Conor Frederick (b. 1979) and live near Eagle Point, Oregon . [1] Duffy is an avid collector of antique dolls and children's books. [2] Duffy, a former Catholic , practices Buddhism. He Graduated from the University of Washington with a degree in Drama in 1971. [4] His nephew is Major League Baseball pitcher Barry Zito of the San Francisco Giants . [5] JR RECOMMENDS	i don't know
The 'Society of Friends' are better know as what?	Society of Friends - RationalWiki Society of Friends Christ died so that we may write articles about v - t - e The Religious Society of Friends, better known as the Quakers, is nominally a Christian group, though not all Quakers see themselves as Christians. There are roughly a quarter of a million Quakers worldwide. [1] The Society of Friends was founded in England in 1648 as a breakaway from Puritanism . Pacifism is one of their major tenets and they have consistently opposed war. Their prayer meetings involve sitting quietly. Quakers believe that all people are created equal in the eyes of God . They were some of the first to value women as important ministers and to campaign for women's rights; they became leaders in the anti- slavery movement, and were among the first to pioneer for humane treatment of prisoners and individuals with mental disorders. Contents [ edit ] Quietism The essence of Quaker spirituality, as seen in the history of the movement, is a form of Christian mysticism known as quietism, understood as 'the direct experience of God culminating in divine union.' The Quaker innovation is to undergo this "direct experience of God" in a group setting, which answers the Roman Catholic objections to quietism as undermining Church discipline and unity. Quietism was a target of the Roman Inquisition well into the 1700's. [ edit ] Persecution The Society was banned from Massachusetts for many years - Mary Dyer was hanged for going back there to preach her beliefs. This banishment eventually led to the founding of Pennsylvania as a safe home for them. Quakers were not allowed to sit in the British parliament from 1698 to 1833. Many Quakers have been imprisoned for being conscientious objectors in wartime. A famous trial involved the prosecution of William Penn in England in 1670 for preaching a Quaker sermon, which was illegal at the time. The jury found him not guilty; the judge then imprisoned the jury and informed them they would remain in jail until they changed their verdict. The jury refused to change their verdict, and fighting their own case from jail, won their freedom using a writ of habeas corpus (a legal procedure seeking injunction against unlawful imprisonment first recorded in England in 1305). This case is often considered a precedent setting case affirming the use of habeas corpus as well as establishing that jurors cannot be prosecuted for their decisions in cases where jury nullification occurs or is perceived to have occurred. William Penn would later go on to be granted a charter for a new colony, Pennsylvania, and to found the city of Philadelphia . [ edit ] The Klan In the 1920s, many southern Indiana Quakers joined the Ku Klux Klan , e.g. Quaker minister Daisy Douglas Barr[ wp ]. [2] [3] [ edit ] Honours The Society was collectively awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1947. The Quaker and prison reformer Elizabeth Fry was until recently (2016) pictured on the Bank of England five pound note. Captain Ahab, ambulatory-challenged sportsman. Edward R. Murrow, chain-smoking anchorman who fought McCarthyism. Herbert Hoover , 31st President of the United States (1929-33). Thanks to his belief in progressivism he made sure to give huge income tax increases for everyone (for the poor-from 1.5% to 4%, for millionaires-38% to 63%), taking a corporatist approach to the Great Depression by telling employers to Keep Wages High. He also signed... Anyone? Anyone? -- the Republican -backed Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, which only helped sink the economy even faster. Well, he was an engineer, not an economist. Also refused to engage in Gunboat Diplomacy . A. Mitchell Palmer[ wp ], Attorney General who hired J. Edgar Hoover . His famous Palmer Raids[ wp ] earned him the moniker, "the Fighting Quaker". Richard Milhous Nixon , one and a half-term President of the United States (1969-74), eminent proponent of carpet bombing, was a member of The "Friends Church" (or in specific East Whittier Friends Church), not the Religious Society of Friends - a spinoff sect of Quakers that parted ways in the early 19th Century with the Society of Friends and has more in common with Evangelical Christians . Lyndon LaRouche , bowtie-wearing fanatic (1922-not dead yet) who fancies himself a genius in pretty much everything. Lyndon and his father were both "disowned" by the Society of Friends in Lynn, MA after they accused the sect of closet Bolshevism . He has a pretty long history of brownshirt tactics, directing his members to go smash heads and threaten other physical violence if he doesn't like someone. Imagine if Richard Nixon had even less shame and L. Ron Hubbard had less scruples and human decency, and these men fused together like Goku and Vegeta. The being they would create would be named Lyndon LaRouche and he would have a repugnance level of over one million. Priscilla Hiss, wife of Soviet spy Alger Hiss . When fellow Quaker Richard Nixon swore her in during the highly publicized Hiss Trials, he asked her to solemnly affirm to tell the truth (Quakers can't swear, they can only affirm) highlighting for the world and the jury how a good Quaker girl became a godless communist, and earning for Nixon the undying derision of the liberal media. Eric Baker , co-founder of Amnesty International (1920-1976). Probably more typical Quaker than the above. [4] William Penn, founder of the state of Pennsylvania (1644-1718), egalitarian and democrat, received the state of Pennsylvania from King Charles II as a way of paying off royal debts. Incidentally the debts were to his father and the state is named after his father, whose given name also was William and who was emphatically not a Quaker. Robert Lawrence Smith, author of "A Quaker Book of Wisdom," one of the most well-known books on Quakerism for non-Quakers, and former headmaster of Sidwell Friends School in Washington DC (the school which numerous children of US Presidents attended, as well as the high school from which Bill Nye graduated).	Quakers
The Mountain Ash is also known as the What tree?	BBC - Religions - Christianity: Quakers Among key Quaker beliefs are: God is love the light of God is in every single person a person who lets their life be guided by that light will achieve a full relationship with God everyone can have a direct, personal relationship with God without involving a priest or minister redemption and the Kingdom of Heaven are to be experienced now, in this world Quakers want to make this a better world Quakers work actively to make this a better world. They are particularly concerned with: human rights, based on their belief in equality of all human beings social justice Holy Books Quakers do not regard any book as being the actual 'word of God'. Most Quakers regard the Bible as a very great inspirational book but they don't see it as the only one, and so they read other books that can guide their lives. Holy Days Quakers do not celebrate Christian festivals such as Easter and Christmas . Worship Quaker communal worship consists of silent waiting, with participants contributing as the spirit moves them. Are Quakers Christian? Although outsiders usually regard the movement as a Christian denomination, not all Quakers see themselves as Christians; some regard themselves as members of a universal religion that (for historical reasons) has many Christian elements. Tolerance is part of the Quaker approach to life, so Quakers are willing to learn from all other faiths and churches. Where the names come from One story says that the founder, George Fox, once told a magistrate to tremble (quake) at the name of God and the name 'Quakers' stuck. Other people suggest that the name derives from the physical shaking that sometimes went with Quaker religious experiences. The name 'Friends' comes from Jesus' remark "You are my friends if you do what I command you" (John 15:14). Beliefs Quaker ideas and beliefs Beliefs are not just safe ledges in an uncertain reality, but rather handholds from which further heights can be reached. Eleven Quaker Scientists, 1989 Religion is living with God. There is no other kind of religion. Living with a Book, living with or by a Rule, being awfully high-principled are not in themselves religion, although many people think they are and that that is all there is to it. Bernard Canter 1962 There is no creed or formal set of beliefs that you have to hold to be a Quaker. This is because: Quakers think that adopting a creed is taking on belief at second hand - they think that faith should be more personal than that and based on a person's inner conviction and on taking part in a shared search for the truth with other Quakers. Quakers believe that faith is something that is always developing and not something frozen at a particular moment in history that can be captured in a fixed code of belief. But it is possible to list many ideas and beliefs that are generally accepted by Quakers. Distinguishing Quaker ideas Quakers believe that there is a direct relationship between God and each believer, every human being contains something of God - this is often called "the light of God". So: Quakers regard all human beings as equal and equally worthy of respect Quakers accept that all human beings contain goodness and truth Quakers do not accept value judgements based on race or gender Quakers welcome diversity A written list of beliefs is considered inappropriate. Quakers feel people should follow their 'inner light' rather than external rules. They believe that God grows and changes with his creation and believe that God continues to tell human beings what they should do. They don't believe in sacraments (either as realities or symbols) or formal liturgies or ceremonies and also refuse to take oaths. Quakers don't believe in a clergy, they feel that all believers can minister to one another. They emphasise the importance leading your own life well as an example to others (what a person does can be much clearer than what they say). They also practice worship in silence. They are actively involved in social and political issues and believe in pacifism and non-violence. Beliefs Each person has an inner light (part of God's spirit) inside them - so there is a unity between all human beings Spiritual truth can only be known through direct revelation from God God continues to "talk" to people today Conscience gives a guide to conduct The Bible is not regarded as the only guide for conduct and belief Doubt and questioning are valuable tools for spiritual growth All human beings can have a direct experience of God - they don't need priests to help them There is good and evil inside all human beings, and all human beings can choose between them - everyone has the power to choose good over evil if they really want to Christ's life demonstrates the full truth of God Quakers do not agree on what happens after death. Some believe in an afterlife, some don't Customs Quakers do not follow a creed, they acknowledge that words are not up to the job of precisely defining belief for a whole group of people. They believe that individuals should take personal responsibility for their understanding of faith rather than just buying a package and that each individual should try to develop themselves spiritually. Quakers do not separate religious life and secular life and feel that all life should be 'lived in the spirit'. They also feel that religious belief must influence a believer's actions and everything that happens in life can inspire religious insights. Quakers do not have elaborate religious ceremonies and rituals. They regard these as unnecessary; they sometimes call them empty forms. They do not have clergy. Quakers believe that political and other action to improve this world is vitally important. Quakers and sacraments Quakers neither practise baptism nor celebrate the Eucharist . They don't regard some activities as more sacred than others, nor do they believe that any particular ritual is needed to get in touch with God, so they do not believe in the sacraments practised in mainstream Christian churches. Instead of using 'holy' rituals, Quakers attempt to carry the sacred into every part of their lives. So, for example, they say that baptism should not be "a single act of initiation but a continuing growth in the Holy Spirit and a commitment which must be continually renewed." Life and death Quakers have no collective view on what happens after death. They tend to concentrate on making this world better rather than pondering what happens after leaving it. Quakers and theology In the early days Quakers were suspicious of theology... and many Quakers are still not keen on it, believing that experience is a better teacher. Reasons for disliking theology include: Theology distracts people from looking for the 'inner light' and responding to it Theological ideas come from the teachings of churches that had distorted the original Christian teachings Theological teachings are used to control people Theology uses such difficult language that it hides God's truth from ordinary people Theological debate may give people a false idea of their own religious abilities; it would be better to spend time believing and living a good life Worship Quaker worship Worship is our response to an awareness of God. We can worship alone, but when we join with others in expectant waiting we may discover a deeper sense of God's presence. Advice and Queries True silence ... is to the spirit what sleep is to the body, nourishment and refreshment. William Penn, 1699 A Quaker service is not a time of individual meditation, although the description above may make it sound like that. It is important that the waiting in silence and the listening are done as a group. The people taking part are trying to become something more than just a collection of individuals; they want to become aware of being part of a 'we', rather than just a solitary 'I'. Pastoral or programmed worship Some Quakers have adopted many of the practices of mainstream churches, and have pastors and use hymns in their worship. Their services are usually like Methodist or Baptist services. There is a Quaker hymn book, called Worship in Song, A Quaker Hymnal. Holy days Holy days Quakers do not celebrate Christian festivals such as Easter and Christmas (although Quaker families may mark Christmas as the secular festival it has largely become). They believe the events celebrated at such festivals (e.g. the resurrection and the incarnation) should be kept in mind throughout the year. Although Quaker meetings for worship generally take place on a Sunday, this is purely for convenience and not because Sunday is the Sabbath or a particularly holy day. Ethics Quaker ethics Take heed, dear Friends, to the promptings of love and truth in your hearts. Trust them as the leadings of God whose Light shows us our darkness and brings us to new life. Advices and Queries Personal integrity Quakers try to live up to high standards of honesty, as set out in this series of questions: Are you honest and truthful in all you say and do? Do you maintain strict integrity in business transactions and in your dealings with individuals and organisations? Do you use money and information entrusted to you with discretion and responsibility? Advices and Queries Work and business Quakers avoid working for companies that manufacture weapons or other harmful products (nor will they invest in such companies). They prefer to choose work that has positive benefits for the community. They maintain strict integrity in business transactions and in workplace dealings with individuals. Gender issues Quakers have always treated men and women as equals, and were pioneers in the movement for female equality. Animal rights Quakers oppose blood sports, and do not approve of businesses that exploit animals , such as circuses or zoos, or the fur trade. They object to experiments on animals for trivial purposes such as cosmetics, and are divided as to whether animal experimentation should be allowed for medical research. ...as by his breath the flame of life was kindled in all animal and sensitive creatures, to say we love God ... and at the same time exercise cruelty toward the least creature ... was a contradiction in itself. John Woolman, 1772 Richard J Foster set down some principles that Quakers can follow to live simple lives: Buy things for their usefulness rather than their status Reject anything that is producing an addiction in you Develop a habit of giving things away - de-accumulate Refuse to be propagandised by the custodians of modern gadgetry Learn to enjoy things without owning them Develop a deeper appreciation for the creation Look with a healthy scepticism at all 'buy now, pay later' schemes Obey Jesus' injunction about plain, honest speech Reject anything that will breed the oppression of others Shun whatever would distract you from your main goal Marriage Quaker marriage Quakers strongly believe in the sanctity of marriage but also recognise the value of non-marital relationships and the single life. Their weddings are very informal compared to those from other traditions and there is no priest or minister to lead the couple as they make their vows. When a Quaker couple decide to marry, they make a commitment to each other in the presence of God, their family and friends. Quakers believe that no one but God can join a couple in matrimony. They see marriage as more than a legal contract - it is a religious commitment. The right joining in marriage is the work of the Lord only, and not the priest's or magistrate's; for it is God's ordinance and not man's...we marry none; it is the Lord's work, and we are but witnesses. George Fox, 1669 The couple promise to be loving companions and take each other as lifelong partners in a spirit of freedom and equality. Quaker weddings Quaker weddings do not have to take place in registered buildings but they must be held indoors. Most couples will book their local Quaker meeting house although some may choose to hold their wedding at home or another alternative venue. A Quaker marriage is a community celebration and not just a ceremony for the couple. Therefore the style of worship at the wedding service must be acceptable to the wider community. The wedding ceremony is usually held within a simple meeting for worship. It has no set order of service or sermon. In most cases, the finer details of the ceremony are decided through discussion with the marriage registering officers and community elders. A couple may decide to include readings and even a hymn. But music is, on the whole, rare. If both parties are Quakers or regularly attend monthly meetings, they may marry in a Quaker marriage ceremony. Couples who are registered as 'attenders' but not yet members of the Religious Society of Friends would be expected to have attended meetings for a number of months before making an application for marriage. Where one member of the couple is not a Quaker, or divorced , two adult members of the Society must give written permission before the marriage can take place. Marriage preparation The first step in the official process is a meeting for clearness. (Clearness in this context means helping the couple affirm their decision to marry.) The meeting gives them the chance to discuss their relationship with other members of the community. At least six weeks before the wedding date, the couple must make an application to the registering officer of the monthly meeting where the marriage ceremony is due to be held. The monthly meeting must approve the application before the registering officer, who is recognised by law, makes arrangements for the public notices and other legal requirements. The monthly meeting then holds a Meeting for Worship for the Solemnisation of Marriage to confirm that the wedding can go ahead. Quaker marriages can be held at any time of day. Public notice of the wedding is posted on the door of the venue a week before the wedding. The wedding day Guests are greeted by a door keeper when they arrive for the marriage ceremony. The bride is not usually given away by her father. Neither is it customary to have a best man or bridesmaids. The bride and groom will normally enter the meeting room together with friends and then quietly take their seats. Sometimes they may come in when everyone else is seated. In the past, guests used to stand as the couple entered but these days this rarely happens. The couple will sit next to a table with the Quaker wedding certificate and a pen. Wedding attire Quaker worship and ceremonies are relaxed so the bride, groom and their guests will usually dress smartly but informally. Some brides may choose to wear white but, in most cases, the outfit is kept simple. Guests need to be careful to strike the right balance too. Men, for example, may wear a jacket or tie, but will often dress more informally. Women may choose a skirt or other reasonably smart clothes. The ceremony Like other Quaker meetings, the wedding service is mostly held in silence but anyone who feels moved by the Spirit can speak or pray. Most ceremonies will follow the basic structure below: A volunteer, usually a Quaker elder, will stand to explain how the service will proceed. After an initial period of silence of about 10 to 15 minutes, the couple will rise and exchange their vows. The vows are handed down from the Quaker tradition and can be modified. Holding hands, the couple take it in turns to make declarations based on the following: "Friends, I take this my friend...to be my wife/husband, promising divine assistance to be unto her/him a loving and faithful husband/wife so long as we both on earth shall live." It does not matter which order the bride and groom speak. The Registering Officer calls upon the couple to sign the Quaker Marriage Certificate which records their vows. Two witnesses also sign. The Registering Officer reads the certificate aloud. There is a further period of silence. The meeting is terminated by two elders who shake hands, inviting the rest of the congregation to do the same. Members of the congregation sign the Quaker Marriage Certificate as a witness to both their presence and support for the marriage. The certificate, in the form of a scroll or a book, has no legal standing but it reminds the couple of their friends' happiness and hopes for the success of their marriage. After the meeting the couple and the two witnesses sign the civil register. Rings are often exchanged at this point. Divorce and remarriage Divorced people may be allowed to remarry at the discretion of the members of the monthly meeting. Quakers believe that those who are divorced need to be given the chance of a new start. Blessings for same-sex couples The Quakers have welcomed same-sex unions for more than two decades, allowing local groups to celebrate same-sex commitments through special acts of worship. In July 2009, at the Britain Yearly Meeting, Quakers agreed to carry out same-sex marriages on the same basis as marriages for opposite-sex couples. ...22 years after the prospect was first raised at Meeting for Sufferings we are being led to treat same sex committed relationships in the same way as opposite sex marriages, reaffirming our central insight that marriage is the Lord’s work and we are but witnesses. The question of legal recognition by the state is secondary. Minute 25, Britain Yearly Meeting 31 July 2009 They will also formally ask the government to change the law to allow gay people to marry. Funerals Quaker funerals A Quaker funeral has two particular aims: to thank God for the life that has been lived, and to help the mourners feel a deep sense of God's presence. Because they are thankful for having known the dead person, Quaker mourners tend not to wear black. The funeral can follow the normal silent pattern of Quaker worship, or it can include programmed elements. At a meeting following the silent pattern the contributions are likely to include memories as well as prayers or readings. A senior person will normally begin the meeting with a brief explanation of Quaker worship if there are many non-Quakers present. In addition to the funeral there can be a "meeting for worship on the occasion of the death of our Friend". Quakers can be buried or cremated. Structure and clergy Structure of the Quaker movement The Quakers are organised through a series of meetings. While there are actual meetings the word is used here to refer to the groups of people who meet to look after particular functions. The meetings are named after the frequency with which a group meets. The structure is organised at local level (Preparative Meetings), smaller and larger district levels (Monthly and General Meetings) and national level (Yearly Meeting). Most local Quaker communities hold monthly business meetings. The Britain Yearly Meeting is the body that represents the interests of the thirty thousand Quakers in the Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends in Britain. There is no organisation that has worldwide authority over the movement. Meetings for business Individual Quaker Meetings carry out matters of business and administration at "Meetings for Worship with a Concern for Business". The whole of such a meeting, even the most nit-pickingly detailed section, is regarded as worship. These meetings begin with silence. When the Clerk judges the time is right, he or she summarises the agenda before the meeting, provides any necessary background information, and lays the first item before the meeting. People stand up to show they wish to speak, and are called by the Clerk. The traditional formula for raising an issue is to begin "I have a Concern..." When everything is said the meeting agrees a 'minute' (a paragraph or two) setting out the decision. The decision is not based on a majority or a consensus, but on the "sense of the meeting". Once a minute has been drafted and read out members can suggest modifications. Meetings try not to take decisions by a majority vote, or even by reaching a consensus; they wait until "the right way will open and we shall be led into unity." The Clerk records the decisions and helps those taking part discern the will of God in the meeting, but he/she does not chair or lead the meeting. Clergy Our own experience leads us to affirm that the church can be so ordered that the guidance of the Holy Spirit can be known and followed without the need for a separated clergy. London Yearly Meeting, 1986 Quakers don't have any clergy. Some members may be appointed as elders because a meeting recognises that they have the ability to serve in a particular way. Appointment as an elder doesn't mean that the person is in any way superior to anyone else. Such appointments are for three years and can be renewed.	i don't know
What is a rhinoceros horn made from ?	Rhinoceros \| Rhino Horn Use: Fact vs. Fiction \| Nature \| PBS Rhino Horn Use: Fact vs. Fiction August 20, 2010 Explore more from this episode More All five of the world’s diverse species of rhinoceros have been brought to the edge of extinction because of human appetite for their distinctive horns. The horns have been prized for tens of centuries for their beautiful translucent color when carved, and their supposed healing properties. In the Middle Eastern country of Yemen, the horn continues to be coveted by Muslim men, although imports were banned in 1982. The material, whose luster increases with age, is used for the handles of curved daggers called “jambiya,” which are presented to Yemeni boys at age 12. Jambiya are considered a sign of manhood and devotion to the Muslim religion, and are used for personal defense. Yemeni men place great value on the dagger handles, which are commonly studded with jewels. In China, the ornamental use of rhino horn dates back to at least the 7th century AD. Over the centuries, rhino horns have been carved into ceremonial cups, as well as buttons, belt buckles, hair pins, and paperweights. Far more pervasive, however, is their use in the traditional medicine systems of many Asian countries, from Malaysia and South Korea to India and China, to cure a variety of ailments. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the horn, which is shaved or ground into a powder and dissolved in boiling water, is used to treat fever, rheumatism, gout, and other disorders. According to the 16th century Chinese pharmacist Li Shi Chen, the horn could also cure snakebites, hallucinations, typhoid, headaches, carbuncles, vomiting, food poisoning, and “devil possession.” (However, it is not, as commonly believed, prescribed as an aphrodisiac). In Yemen, the rhino horn is used for the handles of curved daggers called jambiya Historical mentions of other uses for the horns date back thousands of years. In Greek mythology, they were said to possess the ability to purify water. The ancient Persians of the 5th century BC thought that vessels carved from the horn could be used to detect poisoned liquids, causing bubbles in the presence of some poisons — a belief that persisted into the 18th and 19th centuries among the royal courts of Europe. Now, science is now stepping in to dispel some of the mystery and fiction surrounding the use of rhino horn. It is believed that there may be some truth behind the rhino horn’s ability to detect poisons which is linked to the composition of the horn. Rhino horns are composed largely of the protein keratin, also the chief component in hair, fingernails, and animal hooves. Many poisons are strongly alkaline (or basic), and may have reacted chemically with the keratin. Unlike the horns of most animals, which have a bony core covered by a relatively thin layer of keratin, rhino horns are keratin all the way through — although the precise chemical composition of the keratin will vary depending on a rhino’s diet and geographic location. This fact has allowed ecologist Raj Amin of the Zoological Society of London and his colleagues to take “fingerprints” of horn samples and determine the animal populations they came from, which has helped law enforcement officials target and crack down on poaching. Rhino horns are not, as once believed, made simply from a clump of compressed or modified hair. Recent studies by researchers at Ohio University using computerized tomography (CT) scans, have shown that the horns are, in fact, similar in structure to horses’ hooves, turtle beaks, and cockatoo bills. The studies also revealed that the centers of the horns have dense mineral deposits of calcium and melanin — a finding that may explain the curve and sharp tip of the horns. The calcium would strengthen the horn while the melanin would protect the core from being degraded by ultraviolet radiation from the sun. As the softer outer portion was worn away over time by the sun and typical rhino activities (bashing horns with other animals, or rubbing it on the ground), the inner core would be sharpened into a point (much like a wooden pencil). Overall there isn’t much evidence to support the plethora of claims about the healing properties of the horns. In 1990, researchers at Chinese University in Hong Kong found that large doses of rhino horn extract could slightly lower fever in rats (as could extracts from Saiga antelope and water buffalo horn), but the concentration of horn given by a traditional Chinese medicine specialist are many many times lower than used in those experiments. In short, says Amin, you’d do just as well chewing on your fingernails. More from Rhinoceros (8)	Hair
Diplopia is the medical term for what condition?	Is a rhinoceros' horn made of ivory? \| Reference.com Is a rhinoceros' horn made of ivory? A: Quick Answer Rhinoceros horns don't contain ivory, which is a hard, white material found in animal teeth and tusks. A rhinoceros' horn consists of keratin, the protein found in hair and animal hooves, and deposits of calcium and melanin. Full Answer The horns of most animals have bony cores covered with a fairly thin layer of keratin, but rhinoceros horns are keratin throughout with small mineral deposits at their centers. Calcium strengthens the horn and melanin protects the core against damage from ultraviolet radiation. Because of the supposed medicinal properties of rhino horn and the beauty of carved horns, poaching has brought all five species of rhinoceros to the brink of extinction.	i don't know
The 2002 Winter Olympics were held in which city?	2002 Winter Olympics \| Utah.com 2002 Winter Olympics The 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City were an astounding success. Now, Utah residents and visitors alike can enjoy Olympic legacy facilities — Utah Olympic Park, Soldier Hollow and Utah Olympic Oval — which offer an array of activities for people of all ages, abilities and aspirations. Whether you are a recreational enthusiast, developing athlete, spectator or tourist, we encourage you to "Get Up & Go!" for a unique Olympic experience. Read more... Discover Snowbasin Additional Information Each venue has been transformed into a community facility, open year-round to the public for post-Games usage. There are introductory Olympic winter sports programs, public skating on "The Fastest Ice On Earth," tours of the Olympic facilities, tubing, cross-country skiing, public bobsled rides, ski jumping and freestyle aerial shows, 2002 Games exhibit and the Joe Quinney Winter Sports Center/Alf Engen Ski Museum. Get Up & Go! Games Overview The XIX Olympic Games took place February 8th through February 24, 2002; afterwards, the VIII Paralympics Winter Games began March 7th, and concluded on March 16, 2002. Salt Lake Olympic Committee's volunteer program had three phases with approximately 8,000 volunteers for pre-Game activities, 18,000 core volunteers for the Olympic Winter Games, and 6,000 volunteers for the Paralympic Winter Games. SLOC accredited approximately 70,000 individuals for the Salt Lake Games. An estimated 2,345 athletes and 1,200 officials came from 80 National Olympic Committees (NOC's). More than 1,100 athletes and officials from 40 regions competed in the Paralympic Olympic Games. Share	Salt Lake City
Who did Paul McCartney marry in 1969. First name and surname?	10 years after Salt Lake City, no U.S.-hosted Olympics are on horizon – USATODAY.com Enlarge Close By Emmanuel Dunand, AFP/Getty Images Chicago supporters were shocked and dismayed when the city was eliminated in the first round of voting for the host of the 2016 Summer Olympics. Sponsored Links In those 10 years, the U.S. Olympic Committee has tried twice to bring another Olympics to U.S. soil. And failed miserably. As Salt Lake City marks the 10th anniversary of its Games — the opening ceremony was on Feb. 8, 2002 — U.S. Olympic bid ambitions are on hold. The earliest the USA could host another Olympics is 2022, when a Winter Games will be held. It could be much later. PHOTOS: A tour of the 2012 London Olympic venues "We're not considering a winter or a summer bid right now," says Scott Blackmun, the USOC 's chief executive officer. Not having a home Games on the horizon, he says, affects Olympic awareness among fans and impacts to some extent how much sponsor and donor money the USOC raises to train Olympians. Over time, it could diminish how well U.S. athletes perform. USA TODAY Sports on Twitter! To get the latest sports news from USA TODAY, including game results, columns and features, follow us on Twitter at @USATODAYSports . "When we have a Games in the United States, it really connects us to the American public in a way that's good for us and for our athletes long-term," Blackmun says. On a larger scale, not staging an Olympics in the country that produces more sponsor, television and fan interest in the Games than any other could be bad business for the International Olympic Committee , whose largest single revenue source is U.S. broadcast rights payments. "If the IOC is smart, it must realize that from time to time, there should be Games in the United States," says Canadian IOC member Dick Pound , former chairman of the IOC's marketing commission. "It's still the most important country for the Olympics." The USOC will wait to bid at least until it resolves a revenue-sharing dispute with the IOC, which chooses Olympic hosts, Blackmun says. Some IOC members bristle that the USOC, as part of contracts good through 2020, receives 20% of global sponsor money and 12.75% of U.S. broadcast fees — citing those tensions as a reason Chicago lost in the first round of voting for the 2016 Summer Olympics . Discussions on the revenue issue began nearly three years ago, when the USOC tried to defuse it before the 2016 vote. The sides talked last month, but there is no timetable for a resolution. IOC spokesman Mark Adams says "there is a real will to accelerate the decision process." A changing landscape for bids U.S. officials also are trying to navigate changes in the bidding landscape, which has seen the IOC take risks on less technically sound bids to make history in recent votes, including the one that awarded the 2016 Games to Rio de Janeiro, the Olympics' first South American host. "As an American, I would love to see us get the Games again," says Angela Ruggiero , a four-time Olympic ice hockey medalist who is now a member of the USOC board of directors and the IOC. "But it depends on when's the right time to bid." Since the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, which sold unprecedented corporate sponsorships and turned hosting the Games into a profitable enterprise, the USA has not gone longer than 12 years without staging a Games. A long drought is worrisome because "we rely on our sponsors and our donors and our television donors to support and train all of our Olympic athletes," says Blackmun, noting that the USOC is one of few Olympic committees around the world that does not receive government funding. The boost from a home Games goes beyond the bottom line. The USA's rise as a Winter Olympics power — U.S. athletes won the medals race at the 2010 Vancouver Games for the first time since the 1932 Olympics in Lake Placid — started in Salt Lake City. "Any time you have that opportunity (to host a Games), it is a focusing moment for sure, summer or winter, just simply because everyone's looking at it, going, 'We're going to compete at home, how do we best get prepared?' " says Alan Ashley, the USOC's chief of sport performance. U.S. athletes won 13 medals at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. In Salt Lake City, they won 34. Among those were Flowers' bobsled gold, won with driver Jill Bakken , and second- and third-place finishes in four-man bobsled, all of which ended a 46-year U.S. medal drought in the sport. Having a second home bobsled track — before the 2002 Games, U.S. bobsledders had only the Lake Placid track — made a big difference, says Darrin Steele, chief executive officer of USA Bobsled & Skeleton. "Having a home Games just has a ripple effect that's hard to measure," he says. In addition to building sport-specific venues, cities that are bidding for an Olympics host major competitions to prove their readiness pre-Games, and post-Games usually continue hosting such events, which helps NGBs give their athletes international experience without having to leave the country. A home Olympics also helps feed the pipeline for Olympic sports, especially in the host city. "We saw this in Atlanta," says Rich Bender, executive director of USA Wrestling , "once a city becomes an Olympic city, it's amazing the traction and momentum you have with building grassroots programs." During Games time, the most obvious advantage is in the stands, full of red, white and blue-clad fans. "What athlete wouldn't want to compete on their home soil?" asks Ruggiero, who won silver at the 2002 Games. The 2002 Olympics forever will be associated with the scandal in which Salt Lake City bid officials gave more than $1 million in cash, scholarships, gifts and other inducements to IOC members and their relatives. The USOC was nevertheless in a bidding mood when the 2002 Games ended. It advanced New York as its candidate for the 2012 Summer Olympics. Dogged by anti-U.S. sentiment over the war in Iraq and a last-minute unraveling of its stadium plan, New York lost in the second round of IOC voting. Chicago's bid had no technical difficulties and enjoyed heavyweight backing, with President Obama and Oprah Winfrey in Copenhagen for the 2009 vote. Still, Chicago was the first finalist eliminated. The revenue-sharing tensions played a part. So did difficulties over securing the government financial guarantees the IOC now requires, as well as the IOC's shift toward wanting to award the Olympics to new hosts — a trend that began with the 2008 Beijing Games, the first time the Olympics were held in China. "That is the current flavor of the month in awarding all these international events," says Pound, a reference to soccer's World Cup finals going to Russia in 2018 and Qatar in 2022. "Some of the new emerging, even nouveau riche, countries are throwing just a ton of money at these things." As lucrative as the U.S. market is, sponsors also like gaining a foothold in a dawning market such as China, says Terrence Burns, president of Helios Partners, a consulting agency that worked on Beijing's bid. . "It's much harder for the U.S. to compete in the current bid environment," Burns says. London, which had already hosted the 1948 Summer Games , realized it needed a compelling storyline to counter the trend. During the 2012 race, bid leader Sebastian Coe spoke passionately of wanting to inspire a generation of Brits to put down the remote and pick up a sport. New York had no such message, and neither did Chicago. "I didn't hear a 'why' from either of them that moved me, that made my hair stand up on my arm and my heart beat faster," Burns says. "You've got to have that now." The USA also no longer has any perceived edge from TV rights negotiations, which used to award one Games at a time, after host cities were selected. In June, NBC paid $4.3 billion for the rights to the 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020 Olympics, when only the 2014 and 2016 hosts were known. "A U.S. city or a Canadian city or a city that's in the western time zones, like Rio, isn't that big of an influence as it used to be," says Neal Pilson, the former CBS Sports president who consulted with the IOC on the 2010 and 2012 rights negotiations. What the future holds The USOC sat out the bidding for the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics — which went to Sochi, Russia, and Pyeongchang, South Korea , respectively — and will be absent from the race for the 2020 Summer Games, which will be awarded next year. Denver and Reno-Tahoe have approached the USOC about bidding for the 2022 Winter Olympics. Utah Gov. Gary Herbert has said he is having discussions about Salt Lake City bidding to host again in 2022. If the USOC were to bid for 2022, it would need to choose a candidate next year in order to get a campaign in place for the 2015 vote. For now, it has told all interested to wait until the revenue-sharing issue is resolved, which could push the USOC to hold off until bidding for the 2024 Summer Olympics begins. "The competitive landscape is probably a little more favorable in the winter because there are fewer nations that could conceivably host a Winter Games," Blackmun says. "So, arguably, our likelihood of winning could be increased. Summer Games, however, because more people participate in summer sports, might give us a better opportunity to connect with a larger cross segment of the population." Either way, says Rob Prazmark, CEO and founder of 21 Marketing, who has worked in Olympic marketing since the 1984 Games, U.S. sponsors and fans will be ready to embrace it. "There is this love affair with the Olympic Games in America — there's no other country in the world that rivals it," he says. "Americans love their Olympic Games, especially when they're here."	i don't know
Yellowstone National Park is located in which US state?	Where is Yellowstone National Park? Home \| Where is Yellowstone National Park? Where is Yellowstone National Park? Yellowstone is in the Northwest Region of the United States Yellowstone National Park covers 3,472 square miles. Even though the official address is to the state of Wyoming, Yellowstone is actually in three states. The majority of the Park (96%) is in Wyoming. A small section of the Park (3%) to the north and northwest is in Montana. And a small section of the Park (1%) to the west is in Idaho. Getting Around Gateway Towns to Yellowstone National Park Towns nearest Yellowstone’s five entrances include West Yellowstone, Montana ; Jackson Hole, Wyoming ; Cody, Wyoming ; Cooke City, Montana ; Gardiner, Montana ; Livingston, Montana ; and Island Park, Idaho . Each town has its own character and history. These nearby towns offer convenient lodging, camping, activities, and attractions. Yellowstone Seasonal Access All five entrances , facilities, and roads (barring road construction) are open during the summer vacation season. Parts of the national park are closed to wheeled vehicles during the winter (November through early May). Many facilities also have seasonal opening and closing dates . Several times a year, all national parks have free days . Otherwise, entry fees apply. Please check Yellowstone’s regulations before entering the park. Yellowstone is enormous, which is why it’s a good idea to figure out what you want to see and know which entrance is closest to those sights. Choose your park portal by reading Which Entrance to Yellowstone National Park Should I Take? Getting Around Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone’s main roads are the five entrance roads and the Grand Loop road. On the Loop, you’ll find many visitor centers, museums, boardwalks, and scenic side roads. All major roads are accessible by RVs and other large vehicles, but most side roads are not. Yellowstone has no shuttle bus service. To travel around Yellowstone, you’ll need a car, motorcycle, bike, or tour transportation . Yellowstone has eight main visitor areas with visitor centers , lodging, and museums. These include: Mammoth Hot Springs, Tower-Roosevelt, Canyon Village, Fishing Bridge, West Thumb, Grant Village, Old Faithful, and Madison.	Wyoming
If you were a 'Fletcher' in medieval times what would you make?	Photos of Yellowstone National Park Wyoming - Yellowstone Map and Photos, Wyoming Map and Information - World Atlas Photos of Yellowstone National Park Wyoming - Yellowstone Map and Photos, Wyoming Map and Information Print this map Yellowstone National Park, Yellowstone National Park is located primarily in the U.S. state of Wyoming, although it also extends into Montana and Idaho. The park is simply a wonderland, as Old Faithful and the majority of the world's geysers are preserved here. They are the main reason the park was established in 1872 as America's first national park. It's also a mountain wildland, home to grizzly bears, wolves, and herds of bison (buffalo) and elk. In fact, the park is the core of one of the last, nearly intact, natural ecosystems in the Earth's temperate zone. A classic thermal eruption in Yellowstone. A cold-water river meanders through the park. Bison resting in a field, Yellowstone National Park. A typical thermal scene in Yellowstone. Old Faithful, a cone geyser, is the major attraction of Yellowstone National Park. It is the most predictable geographical feature on Earth erupting almost every 80-90 minutes, or so. Crowds gather on its edge as the eruption time approaches as it's an amazing experience and a real photo opportunity. There are few things more joyful than photographing the stunning landscapes of Yellowstone National Park, because it's so accessible and so abundant, and never in short supply. The bison is the largest land mammal in North America. In a typical year, more than 3,000 bison roam the grasslands of Yellowstone National Park. Bulls are more massive in appearance than cows, and more bearded. For their size, bison are agile and quick, capable of speeds in excess of 30 mph. Each year, bison injure park visitors who approach too closely. Yellowstone Lake is the largest body of water in the park, and covers 136 square miles (350 km2), with 110 miles (177 km) of shoreline. In winter, the lake freezes over and can remain frozen until late May or early June. If you closely at this photograph (in the distance) you will note the results of a Yellowstone forest fire. The Yellowstone landscapes have long been shaped by fire, and not just by the cool, and creeping ground fires often described as "good" for grass production, but also by hot, wind-driven fires torching up the trunks to the crowns of the pine and fir trees. Yellowstone forest fires are devastating, and it will take many years for new growth trees to fill in this area of the park. That's Yellowstone Lake in the background. In North America, the Western Continental Divide is an imaginary line that sits atop a continuous ridge of mountain summits that divide the continent into two main drainage areas. It runs from northwestern Canada, south along the crests of the Rocky Mountains in the United States (through Yellowstone) then on into Mexico, where it follows the peaks of the Sierra Madre Occidental (mountains). Rain or melting snow on one side (via rivers and streams) flows west to the Pacific Ocean; on the other side, rivers and streams flow northeast to Hudson Bay, Canada, or southeast to the Gulf of Mexico. From a lofty perch inside of Yellowstone National park, looking south, you can spot the Grand Tetons in the distance.	i don't know
Can you name the capitol city of Venezuela?	Venezuela Facts on Largest Cities, Populations, Symbols - Worldatlas.com Ethnicity: Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people GDP total: $402.1 billion (2012) GDP per capita: $13,200 (2012) Language: Spanish (official), indeginous dialects Largest Cities: (by population) Maracaibo, Caracas, Valencia, Barquisimeto, Ciudad Guyana, Petara, Maracay, Ciudad Bolivar Name: Upon seeing Venezuela, Christopher Columbus remarked that is must be paradise. He nicknamed the region Land of Grace. On a later expedition, Amerigo Vespucci said that the land reminded him of his home city Venice, Italy. He named the region "Venezuela" meaning "little Venice" in Italian. Some scholars believe that the original name may have come from an indigenous people who called themselves the "Veneciuela". National Day: July 5 Religion: Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%	Caracas
When 'World War 1' broke out who was Britain's prime Minister?	What is the Capital of Venezuela? - Capital-of.com Dates of religious and Civil holidays around the world. www.when-is.com Capital of Venezuela The Capital City of Venezuela (officially named Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela) is the city of Caracas. The population of Caracas in the year 2001 was 2,762,759. Venezuela is a Spanish speaking country on the coasts of the Caribbean Sea. Additional Information	i don't know
"The song ""I Could Have Danced All Night"" featured in which musical?"	I Could Have Danced All Night,… \| Recording Details and Tracks \| AllMusic I Could Have Danced All Night, song (from "My Fair Lady") Share this page	My Fair Lady
Where would you find Michelangelo's (fresco) painting, ' The Creation of Adam'?	I Could Have Danced All Night,… \| Details \| AllMusic google+ Description by Adrian Corleonis Though he worked in American musical theater for forty years and provided books and lyrics for such still remembered musicals as Brigadoon, Gigi, and Camelot -- collaborating with composers as diverse as Kurt Weill , Leonard Bernstein , and Burton Lane -- Alan Jay Lerner 's single undisputed masterpiece remains the book for My Fair Lady. Frederick Loewe 's music has assured that Lerner will always be primarily recalled as the wordsmith half of Lerner and Loewe , just as William S. Gilbert is remembered as the librettist of Gilbert and Sullivan . In large part the consummate perfection of My Fair Lady owes to its appropriation of George Bernard Shaw 's 1916 play, Pygmalion -- and to Gabriel Pascal's 1938 screen adaptation -- providing Lerner with characters, mise en scène, and dramatic pacing for which he lacked the instinct. Pygmalion embodies a tension between Shaw 's narrow view of his characters and the fact that they have been so vividly realized that they lead lives of their own. Friction attending the transformation of the cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, into a proper English lady by her tyrannical speech coach Henry Higgins so palpably metamorphoses into romantic attraction -- despite its vehement denial by Shaw -- that audiences invariably sense its inevitability even as the play ends with Eliza declaring her independence. It played to Lerner 's strengths that he could resolve the tension -- that is, articulate the inevitable attraction percolating just beneath class consciousness and teacher/pupil hostilities -- in lyrics of fastidious craft, verbal felicity, and rare perception. "I Could Have Danced All Night" is a particularly happy instance. Having made a major breakthrough in the previous scene by suddenly coming right with her pronunciation -- graphically rendered by "The Rain in Spain" -- thereby prompting an impromptu gala in which Higgins takes her hand and dances with her, Eliza, in her bedroom, relives the exhilaration of that moment ("I only know when he began to dance with me...I could have danced, danced, danced all night"). Lerner knocked the lyric off on the spur -- it was done in one 24-hour period -- and until rehearsals swept all other considerations aside he delved for a substitute for the line "All at once my heart took flight," though it conveys succinctly the dynamic, submerged in brilliant repartee, driving both play and musical. Loewe 's music, which would not have been out of place in operettas by Lehár , Kálmán, or Oscar Straus , captures moment's giddiness with a suave lift and ingratiating lilt that are the quintessence of Old World charm. Appears On	i don't know
Which iconic car was designed by Alec Issigonsis?	The first ‘modern’ small car - designed by Alec Issigonis in 1959 and greeted with amazement by the public. Much smaller wheels than those previously seen and an overall utility look with sliding windows and a sash- pull for opening the doors did not deter the buyers who saw the mini as an accessible small car. Issigonis had already been instrumental in creating another long lasting design icon in the form of the Morris Minor – this design also became a cult and survived in production until 1971. It had been conceived in the late 1940s. This was the first British car design to sell one million units . By the end of production nearly 5.5 million minis had been sold making the design the most popular British model. Besides being a popular car with family and other motorists the design had also won the Monte Carlo rally three times. ( Mini- Cooper) In an international poll to find the most influential car designs ever – the mini was second to the legendary Model- T Ford. At the end of its production run in 2000 a newer variant appeared – the New Mini and so the innovative design lives on in a redeveloped form. Long gone now though are the cord- pull door handles, the bare interior parcel shelf and the sliding windows – all features of the original design and which very soon disappeared as the car gained a significant market share of the 1960s. That austerity look that kept the price of the car so much lower than other models and which brought motoring to a wide market are no longer features that draw customers in the car market. In 1967 Issigonis expanded the idea of the mini into a slightly larger design – the ‘Mini Metro’. This design finished its production run in 1998. With the engine mounted transversely a reduction in length was achieved which in a car designed for city travel – parking being a priority – was essential. Parking being rated a priority in the less populated roads of 1960 now seems vaguely amusing ! The car sold for around £350 at the time of its Design: Alec Issigonis – Manufacturer: British Motor Corp. © British Motor Industry Heritage Trust With such a popular car it is hardly surprising that some fans take their admiration to the extreme. A tattoo that depicts an early mini clearly shows an original fan. So now estimate the age of the woman whose picture is featured here ! It might perhaps be difficult for her to against the idea that it wasn’t the latest model that was used as a reference at the time ! The car certainly was revolutionary and discussion was common as to whether the wheels could withstand rotation speeds required –since they were so much smaller than those on more conventional cars of the period.	Morris Minor
Who gave up the title 'Viscount Stansgate'?	Mini: a brief history - Telegraph MINI Mini: a brief history As the all-new Mini makes its debut we take a look back through its history and ask what makes it so special Mini: a brief history Comments The all-new Mini will be revealed today, on what would have been Mini creator Sir Alec Issigonis’s 107th birthday. Today’s Mini is, of course, very different to that first car. Under the ownership of the BMW Group , the Mini – or MINI, as it’s officially labelled – is bigger, and is just one of a family of related models. A family that will expand with this latest generation to incorporate versions that Issigonis (who died in 1988) would never have dreamed of. But what was Issignosis’s vision, and why has the Mini enjoyed such an enduring appeal? Issigonis, born in 1906, was a talented engineer and designer who worked for Humber, Austin and, from 1936, Morris Motors Ltd. There he worked on a number of cars, including the Morris Minor. In 1955 he was recruited by the British Motor Corporation to design a family of new models. Related Articles New Mini to be revealed on Issigonis's birthday 07 Aug 2013 The smaller of these took priority when fuel rationing was introduced to the Suez Crisis and development was accelerated. In August 1959 that small car was launched as the Morris Mini Minor and the Austin Seven. It wasn't until 1961 that it was renamed the Austin Mini, and eight years after that Mini became a marque in its own right. Issigonis’s design broke the mould, with its transverse-engine, front-wheel-drive layout and incredibly compact dimensions. It revolutionised the small car and became the best-selling British car in history, with a production run of 5.3 million units. Production ran until 2000. In between, the Mini underwent numerous changes of name and engine, and detail upgrades were made to its exterior design. Different body styles were created too, but its fundamental character and layout were unchanged and it was the “standard” two-door model that had the most timeless appeal: the final model that rolled off the production line in 2000 didn’t look that different to the original 1959 car. During its lifespan the original Mini was produced at various factories by BMC, then British Leyland and finally the Rover Group. The Rover Group was bought by BMW in 1994 and development on an all-new Mini started. At the 1997 Geneva Motor Show Mini displayed two concept cars that suggested a possible new design direction – the Mini Spiritual and Spiritual Too were three- and five-door models respectively, which aimed to re-interpret the original Mini’s brief in for the 21st century. These futuristic-looking designs were something of a red herring, but with its white roof and round headlights the retro-styled ACV30 concept car (based on an MGF and designed to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Mini's win at the 1967 Monte Carlo Rally) was a glimpse of things to come. Mini ACV30 Concept When BMW sold the Rover Group in 2000 it retained ownership of the Mini name, and in 2001 it launched its take on what a Modern Mini should be. The new car was built at its plant in Cowley, Oxford, and although many fans of the original Mini mocked the newcomer's larger dimensions and faux-historical design, it struck a chord and proved to be a huge commercial success. Personalisation was a key part of the car’s appeal and thousands of different colour and trim options were offered. Buyers lapped it up and the average price of Minis leaving the showroom far exceeded their list prices. Sportier Cooper models, a convertible and a quirky Clubman version with a rear-hinged side door followed, and an updated model with new engines, interior and all-new (but very similar) exterior was launched in 2006. Mini stretched the idea of what a Mini could be when it launched the Countryman in 2010. The “crossover” model was the biggest Mini ever, and was available with four-wheel drive. Unlike the existing models, it was built not in England, but in Austria. Despite more than a few snide sneers and comments, it has become a global sales success. Now, the next generation of Mini promises to push the concept to new limits. As well as the three-door model revealed today, spy shots reveal that a five-door hatchback and even an estate will join the range. You can expect more variants to follow. Whether or not Sir Alec Issigonis would have approved of today’s Mini, the fact that the new car will inevitably be compared with the one he designed more than half a century ago is testament to just how much that original car is loved and revered.	i don't know
'The Maldives' islands are situated in which ocean?	Maldives Map / Geography of Maldives / Map of Maldives - Worldatlas.com Print this map The Maldives, a group of about 1,200 islands, separated into a series of coral atolls, is just north of the Equator in the Indian Ocean . Only 200 of the islands are inhabited. It has a population of 393,988 and celebrates their National Day on July 26th. Many of these tropical atolls and islands are simply gorgeous, with swaying palms, white sandy beaches and deep-blue lagoons; none of the islands rise higher than 7.8 ft. above sea level. These low-lying specs of coral are subject to erosion, and stand at the mercy of any sea level rise. Some were severely damaged during the December 2004 Tsunami . The culture of the Maldives as we know it today, developed and flourished sometime around the 3rd century BC, as a 1,400 year-long Buddhist period cemented a foundational importance in the island's history. Due to its strategic location, the Maldives aroused the interest of Middle Easterners , and by the 10th century AD trade routes were established and Islam was introduced to the region. Despite being ruled by an independent Islamic sultanate for centuries, the Maldives were taken over by the Dutch in the mid-17th century, and later, were driven out by British forces some years later. As a British protectorate, the Maldives were given military protection, and non-interference in local administration. At the emergence of a proposed constitutional monarchy, conflicts erupted, and the people of the Maldives pushed for independence. The Maldives successfully gained their freedom from the United Kingdom in 1965, and three years later, declared itself an independent republic. In 1978, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom was elected president, and a period of political stability flourished along with an increase in tourism and increased foreign contact. In spite of the booming economy, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom's presidency was seen as controversial, and a series of coup attempts throughout the 1980s were attempted. Additional riots in the capital city of Malè during August 2004 garnered worldwide attention, and prompted the president and his government to pledge much needed democratic reforms, including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Prev Page 1/2 Next Page See Also	Indian Ocean
In which US State does 'London Bridge' now stand?	AYADA MALDIVES LUXURY RESORT BOOK NOW! Included in Conde Nast Traveller’s list of best hotels in the Maldives, voted the‘Indian Ocean's Leading Luxury Resort’ and the ‘Indian Ocean's Leading Villa Resort & Spa’ at the 2014 World Travel Awards, Ayada Maldives is a private island resort offering a truly luxurious retreat with a genuine Maldivian style. Set in the relatively unexplored Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll in the south of the country – just a few kilometres above the equator – the luxury resort offers 122 spacious villas and suites, all with private pools, butler service and thoughtful five-star detailing. Traditional thatched-roof water-villas stand on stilts over the resort’s peaceful lagoon, while beach villas offer absolute privacy amid tropical greenery alongside powder-soft palm-lined white beaches. Food lovers can explore the six restaurants, while those seeking complete relaxation will find their haven in the large spa which boasts a Turkish Hammam and eight private treatment villas. The resort is noted for its gardens and tropical greenery and is ringed by a pristine coral reef where dolphins are frequent visitors. The active can explore the area on a host of excursions while at the resort they can play tennis or badminton, take up watersports, learn yoga, Pilates or Zumba or simply hit the 24-hour gym. Outstanding diving and snorkeling opportunities surround the island on reefs that have barely been visited by humans while some of the Maldives’ best surfing breaks are just a quick speedboat journey away. Weddings take place just before sunset in one of the most beautiful private wedding chapels in the Maldives set in a tree-lined garden, or on the beach under a gazebo draped with flowing material.	i don't know
In which country will you find the city of Fez?	Fez travel guide - Wikitravel 14 Get out Fez (فاس) (French: "Fès") is one of the imperial cities of Morocco . It is famous for being home to the world's oldest university, the Qarawiyyin university. It has an ancient walled city, which many compare to the walled city of Jerusalem. Understand[ edit ] The city of Fez. Fez is the medieval capital of Morocco founded by Idris I in 789, and a great city of high Islamic civilization. Fez has the best-preserved old city in the Arab world, the sprawling, labyrinthine medina of Fes el-Bali, which is incidentally also the world's largest car-free urban zone. Within the medina transports of goods is provided by donkeys, mules and handcarts. Understand that the city infrastructure is not necessarily prepared for tourism, especially English speakers. Try to use Google translate to get across, but learning basic words won't hurt, and you will see people appreciating your efforts. Map of Fez (Overview) Leaving the airport, change some money (€10) in the change, for the bus. After leaving, go slightly left, into an alley. Walk for about 200m, until you see a bus stop marked by a sign. Wait there for a blue bus. Resist the offers from touts and yelling taxi drivers. They will try to scam you into paying anything from €5-20. So unless you want to spat at these hard-working Moroccans, who can only watch crooks scamming tourists, wait for the bus. You will pay about 50 cents for it, and support a tax-paying company, and the country in general. Also: nobody will think you are another one of 'these' tourists. Royal Air Maroc offers daily flights from Casablanca London-Gatwick and Paris-Orly to Fes-Saiss Airport. Jetairfly offers flight from Brussels Charleroi Airport. Ryanair offers flights from Barcelona (El Prat), Brussels (Charleroi), Dusseldorf (Weeze), Eindhoven, Frankfurt (Hahn), Lille, London (Stansted), Marseille, Milan (Bergamo), Nantes, Nimes, Paris (Beauvais), Pisa, Rome (Ciampino) and St.Etienne to Fez, though not on a daily basis. Vueling flies from Barcelona (El Prat) to Fez, many connections to cities all over Europe are proposed via the Vueling hub in Barcelona The airport is located about 15 km from the city. One option, if you don't have too much luggage, is to take a 'local bus' (line 16) costs 4 Dirham, or you can choose a 'taxi' (cost 120-150 dirham into town, price is for the whole car). Bus 16 leaves from the stop near the train station every hour (at a quarter to the hour). It takes 40 minutes to get to the airport. Facing the train station the bus stop is on the left of the entrance near a parking lot for taxis. There is a fixed price for a taxi MAD 120 (MAD 150 -April 2016) from the airport to the town centre. If you come in the night it's a good idea to book it in advance. By train[ edit ] The train station Fès-Ville. edit is found at the northern end if the Ville-Nouvelle. There is regular train service along the Marrakech to Oujda and Tangier to Oujda train lines. Eight arrivals daily from Marrakech . The train takes about 7.5 hours (although delays are frequent) and costs exactly 295/195 Dirhams. (First class / Second Class) The trip from Casablanca takes about 3 hours 20 to 4 hours 20 and costs 165/110 Dirhams. (1st class/2nd class). High speed double decker trains are being phased in on this route in 2011. There are five trains per day from Tangier arriving after 4.5 hours at a cost of 155/105 dirhams (1st class/2nd class). From Rabat takes about two and a half to three hours, and costs 75-105 dirhams. In summer, train compartments can be hot, with passengers standing everywhere when all seats are taken. While occasionally unreliable, first class compartments are generally well air-conditioned, with assigned and numbered seats. Be aware that there are hustlers operating on trains into Fez. See the Stay Safe and Cope sections, below. A petit taxi between the train station and Bab Boujeloud costs about MAD10 with taxi meter. Insist on using the meter, if necessary, say "khdm l-koontoor" (Work the counter) to the taxi driver. By car[ edit ] Fez is about 3 hours' drive by car from Casablanca. The stretch of toll highway from Rabat to Fez is in superb condition. The motorway continues from Fes to Oujda in the far east of Morocco. By taxi[ edit ] Travelling by grand taxi (inter-city taxi), is viable for tourists. Places in the taxi (usually an old Mercedes car) are sold individually, however they carry 6 passengers, 4 in the rear and 2 in the front, in order to travel in relative comfort, you may wish to purchase more than one seat. A ride from Fez to Casablanca costs approximately 160-180 dirhams per seat. Note that grand taxi fares are regulated and it is worth checking the official rates with the tourist board, as some drivers or hotels will quote inflated prices. There are a couple of grand taxi stations: Grand Taxis, (next to the train station). edit Grand Taxis Azrou/Ifrane, (next to the CTM station). Ifrane: 28dh / seat. edit Within Fez, ride in the petits taxis (local taxis) rarely cost more that 15-20 dirhams. However, the medina of Fes el-Bali is only accessible from a few points by car. Bab Boujeloud, nearby Place Batha, and Place R'cif are popular dropoff points, for parking there is spaces at Ain Zleten on the northeast edge of the medina. Another openair parking is situated near Hotel Batha (price 20 Dhs / day). If you stay longer than 1 day don't pay in advance. By private car[ edit ] Taxis in Morocco are much cheaper than in Europe and if you're looking for a less stressful way of getting from A to B than the Grand Taxis, hiring a private taxi for the day can be a good option. Private companies will normally have English-speaking drivers, and will also usually have air-conditioned vehicles, but make sure you check first because in the summer it is quite necessary! TravelFes : 3 Rue El Douh, Fes, Morocco. Affordable private transfers and day excursions with modern vehicles and bilingual drivers. By bus[ edit ] The old bus terminal (Gare Routière. edit ) is just outside Bab Mahrouk on the the north side of the old city, near the Ain Zleten entrance to the medina and Bab Boujloud place. Grands taxis (inter-city taxis) can also be obtained here. The CTM terminal (gare CTM. edit ) is in place Allal el-Fassi in the Atlas neighborhood of the ville nouvelle, and has taxi stands nearby. While the gare routière covers more routes more cheaply, many travelers prefer CTM for its reliability and cleanliness. Most CTM buses leaving Fes, anyway, start from the gare routière and make a stop in the gare CTM after 30min in the town traffic. CTM bus coming into Fes, at the contrary, will leave you at the gare CTM. Buses number 19 and 29 will transport you between Placa RCIF and the McDonalds/Careffour/Barcelo hotel. Prepare 3.50 MAD for the journey Just say: MaRhum + 'the place you want to go to'. If it is a wrong bus, you will be told where to go, or at least gestured. Don't forget about min fadlak (please). People don't expect it, it seems, but they look like they appreciate it a lot. Get around[ edit ] Map displaying the medina walking routes. Ignore the travel guides that tell you that you'll get lost in the medina and that you must hire a guide. One of the easiest ways to get around is to use the red taxis to take you to the nearest gate (bab) and then walk from there until you get your bearings. Gates are all around the city and taxis are cheap. A rough map of where the sights are will help too. If you are particularly worried, be sure to arrange a licensed guide through your hotel or the tourism office - they will be able to give you an accurate history and will make fewer shopping stops. The faux-guides in particular will simply take you from shop to shop where you will be pressured to buy goods, which will cost you extra because the seller will be obliged to pay the guide a hidden commission; they seems to wait near bab boujloud for tourists arriving in the late afternoon, simply don't reply them, first they understand where you are from and then start follow you explaining incomplete infos, finally they'll force you to pay by paper. There are some basic landmarks that you can use to get around, and there is a path network marked by signs perched on walls, although these can be hard to locate at times. These signs have a 8-point star shape which will guide you between the main places in the medina. If you are lost you only have to find one of these signs and follow it in any direction until you arrive to a map or a known place. You may also find it useful to carry a compass, as the narrow, built-up streets can block the view of landmarks and be disorienting. Alternatively, just keep heading downhill and you will eventually get to a gate. The main street is the Talaa Kbira, which runs from Bab Boujloud باب بوجلود. edit to the Kairouine mosque مسجد القرويين. edit in the heart of the medina. The Talaa Sghira also begins at Bab Boujeloud and eventually merges back into the Talaa Kbira. Once you get into the narrow, windy heart of the medina, you can also find your way out again by constantly heading downhill, which will eventually lead to the Place R'cif. edit , a dropoff for buses and taxis, where you can get a petit taxi out of the medina. The left-hand Pavilion and it's ablution basin in the inner courtyard of the Karaouiyine Mosque For more detailed tours and directions, look for the book Fez from Bab to Bab (Hammad Berrada). It has a complete map of the medina and several well-described walking tours. It can be found in most bookshops, both on the Talaa Sghira or at the large bookstore on the Avenue Hassan II in the ville nouvelle. However, be discreet taking out your map or you will have many offers from false guides! Bab Boujloud, the upper and main entrance to the medina. Leather-dyeing pits in Fes. Just walking around, you will see a great deal! Get a shave in the medina, nowhere is it cheaper than here, and they really pay attention, even trimming your hair. In the midst of the maze-like medina are the colorful leather-dying pits. Any number of young boys will offer to guide you to them: just listen for "you want to see the tanneries?" The tour is free (though it is appropriate to offer 1-5 dirhams to your "guide"). There is no chance of getting to see the tanneries by yourself, instead, be prepared for physical abuse for even trying! However, just 10m left of the entrance is a leather shop that offers views to the tannery free of charge and you can see it all from the balcony. Expect to be pressured into buying goods from the shop in return. It is possible to get into the tannery itself, hang around near the entrance until someone offers to take you in for 10 dirham. He will get you past the entrance and then you can wander in amongst the workers. A word of advice...wear closed shoes and maybe bring a mint leaf to sniff if you have a weak stomach. Bou Inania madersa المدرسة البوعنانية: a breathtaking 14th-century religious college. The best example of Islamic architecture a non-Muslim can see in Fez, with wooden walls elaborately carved with geometric patterns and Arabic calligraphy, and a beautiful minaret. In the courtyard there is a portico with a still-functioning mosque, separated by the rest of the courtyard by a small moat. The view from the hills surrounding the old city is spectacular- there are two fortresses overlooking the old city, the Borj Nord which contains an armaments museum, and the Borj Sud, which is being developed for tourism. The Merenid Tombs next to the Merenid Hotel, provide excellent panoramic views over the medina and the wider city, as well as the olive tree lined hills surrounding the city, and sanctuary from the bustle of the rest of the city. Beware of the odd opportunistic tout. The Sofitel Palais Jamai terrace has an incredible view over the medina if you are willing to pay 30 dirhams for a glass of tea in order to access it. This is particularly worthwhile if you can time your visit to coincide with the call to prayer, as you can hear multiple minarets from the terrace. Entrance to the Moulay Idriss II shrine, the tomb of Fez's founder, is limited to Muslims, but the view from just outside its doors is still well-worth hunting down. The mosque is just off the Talaa Kbira near the Souk Attarine. Similarly, the Qaraouyine library and mosque and the al-Tijani mosque have beautifully decorated exteriors and worth a visit even by those who cannot enter them, which includes all foreigners considered to be non-Muslim. Do[ edit ][ add listing ] Map of Fez medina One of the most fascinating activities to do in Fez is a trip in the medina (Old City). The medina is so complex to navigate that sometimes it's easier to simply lose yourself in the hustle and bustle of the various markets, and find your way out once you have had enough of all the sights, sounds, and smells that will overwhelm your senses. You will eventually find your way out via lots of dried fruit, leather goods, ceramics, textiles and food stalls! Make sure you find an opportunity to escape from the bustle of the streets and see the medina from one of its rooftops - some shops and restaurants have rooftop terraces (see the food section below for some useful tips). The views are particularly spectacular during sunset and after dark. The Berber pharmacy. in the Medina has hundreds of jars of twisted root and twig neatly lined up along the walls. Don't eat the seed-pod like things the proprietor offers you. Although he's eating them also, they are very high in estrogen and can cause a man's nipples to be sore for several days afterwards. edit Quartier des tanneurs. . The tanneries in the medina features leather-making techniques unchanged since the Middle Ages. Men walk the narrow paths between huge vats of lye and colorful dyes, water wheels creak as the leather is rinsed, and buildings facing the tannery are covered with pelts hanging to dry. Visit early in the morning before the sun hits the tannery and the stench sets in. edit There are several well-marked trails through the city: follow the green (Andalusian palaces and gardens), orange (walls and fortifications), or blue signs and you won't get lost in all the narrow twisting streets. Medina Cooking Classes, Riad Verus (1 Derb Arset Bennis), ☎ 00212 535741941, [1] . Daily Traditional Cuisine Classes including Ingredient tour inside the Medina, cook and eat from 30 € per person, min 2 people. edit Learn[ edit ] Arabic Language Institute in Fez, ☎ ☎ +212 35 624 850 ( [email protected] , fax: +212 35 93 16 08), [2] . offers three-week and six-week courses in Arabic, both Modern Standard Arabic and the Moroccan colloquial language. The Institute can also arrange accommodation with a Moroccan host family for their students if required. Private lessons are 600 MAD per two hours. edit The Subul Assalam Centre for the Arabic Language, ☎ +212 663 54 91 72 ( [email protected] ), [3] . ,tailors instruction in Standard Arabic and the Moroccan dialect to group and individual student needs. They also provide Moroccan cultural programs and Islamic Studies classes. The program is based in the old medina and connects students with affordable private accommodation or host families. edit Work[ edit ] In Fez, there is one neighborhood called Sidi Ibrahim حي سيدي إبراهيم , which is most famous for textiles and tailoring firms. Eat[ edit ][ add listing ] The markets near the 'main' gate of Bab Boujeloud (near to Hotel Cascades) are full of yummy food. It is worth just wandering through them, buying random bits of food. Street food is very cheap and is often safe. Restaurants, even cheap ones, will often be up to twice the cost of street food, and the quality can be the same. In the medina is difficult to find cheap food other than in the Bab Boujeloud area. There are only a very few tourist restaurants where you will get ripped off and some food stalls down in the food market near the R'cif place. Budget[ edit ] Mezzanine, 17, Kasbat Chams (In front of the jnaj sbil garden, less than 50 meters from the place Boujeloud), ☎ +21211078336, [4] . Set over three floors, with an additional outside patio, Mezzanine offers both a cosy lounge bar for a quiet cocktail tapas as well as a comfortable larger seating area for dinners and parties. edit L'Ambre (2001), Riad Fes, 5Derb Ben Slimane Zerbtana, ☎ +212 35 74 12 06, [5] . In the heart of a medieval city known for its diverse savory eateries, L'Ambre offers a dining experience that should not be missed when visiting Fez. A delightful selection of Moroccan cuisine with an original twist is served in any of our three dining rooms, in the garden or on the roof terrace. edit Le Kasbah, (near Bab Boujloud). Friendly service, a solid selection of inexpensive Moroccan staples (excellent vegetarian tagine) and a couple of lovely high terraces overlooking the Gate on one side and the medina on the other. It is a comfortable atmospheric place to chat to other travellers and its a welcome haven from the bustle of the crowded streets of the medina. Street food is allowed to eat at the terraces. You pay only the service for the drink. 10 % tip (not included in the food price) is expected.It has 2 nice terraces, a set menu or a la carte dishes. If you're tired of potatoes everywhere, try the grilled lamb chops and ask the waiter to change the French fries and rice for salad. Great for lunch! edit Fez Lounge, 95, Zkak Rouah- Tala Kbira (Down the Tala Kbira, on a tiny street on your right, you will find F Lounge), ☎ +212535633097, [6] . is the new addition to the medina scene. With walls in dark grey tadelakt and an ambiance of an ultra contemporary Arab dream, Fez Lounge is highly recommended for its Mediterranean inspired tapas such as Camembert bruschetta with walnuts and balsamic vinegar or for its reputed warm brownie with chocolate. Traditional Moroccan dishes like Pastilla and tajines are also available. Owned by an Italian, you can feel its style from the design of the tables to the dim lighting or the Hotel Costes Music. edit Café Medina, (near Bab Boujloud). Tasty and cosy café-style restaurant, however it can get too touristy. Food is fine, specially the "Boricuas" (deep fried thin dough layers wrapping meat-chicken-rice fillings). Mains starting at 60dh. edit Restaurant Bouinania, (near Bab Boujloud). Enjoy lunch on the terrace or a leisurely dinner on the carpet-adorned second floor. The service is very friendly and more than willing to fire up the grill to make you the first Brochettes of the day. Tagine, couscous, and other staples are well-done. Offered for around 40 dh, but prices are negotiable down to 25 dh.. edit Cafe Clock, (near Bab Boujloud), [7] . Good luck finding this magnificently restored house in the old medina turned into a cafe. Look for the sign, ask a shopkeeper, or use your GPS and pray. The people are super friendly (and speak English) and the food is excellent. Service can be slow. There are many levels -- keep climbing those stairs to be seated on the terrace, and listen for the call to prayer coming from minarets in the area. Don't expect to see any locals dining here, but do try the camel burger (like beef, but humptier). edit Restaurant Typique Marocain Jenno, 1112 Ouad Zhoun, Fes Medina, ☎ +212 (0) 611 07 32 94. Very tasty couscous. The owner speaks very good english and has some very interesting stories to tell. 50Dh for salad and main course. edit Ville Nouvelle[ edit ] ANDALOUS - Restaurant & Lounge Bar, 34 route Imouzer, Avenue My Abdellah, ☎ +212 535 60 31 62, [8] . 18H-02H. After-work Happy Hour running everyday from 18H to 21H: Buy one, get one free; The first restaurant & lounge bar in Fez. 1 Place • 2 Ambiance - Its two floors, its various atmospheres give the place an outstanding personality. Be it to start your night out or to prolong it, ANDALOUS restaurant & lounge bar is the right places to relax, while choosing the best atmosphere which will suit your mood, treat yourself to a traditional Moroccan and international cuisine at the restaurant or to enjoy a drink at the lounge bar. A special unique concept where the night invites you to party without having a hold on time. The ambiance is available every night from 6 PM by our Live Band, DJ and Belly Dancers. edit Casa Nostra - For pizza, you can try this Italian restaurant, 1 block from Hasan II and Mohammed V. Mid-range[ edit ] Relais de Paris : With lunch, dinner as well as a number of private dining options available,Relais de Paris in the heart of the hotel Sahrai has an informal chic atmosphere serving a Parisian brasserie menu that will particularly appeal to red meat lovers. Exquisite food and a warm welcome of an old friend, the heart of France has come to Fez! http://hotelsahrai.com/restaurants-bars/ Phone : +212 (0)5 35 62 56 66 Dar el Bab Lghoul, Dhar El Mehraz Le Palais de Fes - Also known as Dar Tazi (Place R'cif). A rooftop restaurant over a carpet shop, Dar Tazi offers Fez's best pastilla and other traditional dishes. The stairs up are steep and narrow and dinner runs about 350dh per person, but the food and view are well worth it. Palais des Merinides (Talaa Kbira). Table d'hote menus with basic Moroccan specialties in a very grand setting. Mediocre quality, but fabulous surroundings. San Remo Fed up with couscous and tajine? Then you could try this Morocco owned Italian restaurant in the new part of town. Just opposite the police station, it offers a lovely Italian deli and numerous pasta and pizza dishes for a decent price. Splurge[ edit ] Dar Saada Restaurant [9] Located in the centre of the medina, this restaurant is a favorite of Travel and Leisure magazine and is worth the indulgence. L'Ambre: [www.restaurantfes.com], Located in the heart of the medina, it offers an elegant and superior dining experience in all of Morocco. Serving up Moroccan cuisine with innovative twists, food is served in one of three rooms, including a spectacular terrace. Drink[ edit ][ add listing ] Almost all drinking establishments in Fez are hotel bars. The rest are local bars that women and anyone without a good command of Arabic might be uncomfortable entering. In bars of either type, prostitutes are frequent but mostly ignore western travellers. Fes is a much more traditional town than Casablanca or Marrakesh, and it is technically illegal to drink in public. Purchasing alcohol or seeming intoxicated are sure to draw stern looks from passersby. The Bar at Hotel Batha Place Batha. In the rear of Hotel Batha are two bars - the first is more of a lounge, with comfortbale leather chairs and fireplaces. It is definitely the more stately of the two options. In the rear is a night-club type bar that is mostly empty and rarely open. Restaurant International, The Car Park at Av. Abdellah Chefchawni. This little place is easy to overlook, but the fact that the outer windows are mirrored should be the first indication it won't be at the top of any tourist routes. The crowd here is all local, and foreigners might expect a few stares and side looks. They serve the basic selection of beer, as well as some of the best spaghetti and pizza in town. Three stories, but avoid the middle one - the band is usually blasting bad synthesizer-Arabic music. Also avoid the basement, unless you're looking for prostitutes. The White Souk / Marché Centrale, (on Blvd Mohammed V). A good place to find alcohol if you prefer to drink at home. There are two brick-and-mortar liquor stores on either side of the Souk, and many of the vendors inside keep discreet stashes for thirsty foreigners. edit Mezzanine, [10] . Set over three floors, with an additional outside patio,Mezzanine offers both a cosy lounge bar for a quiet cocktail tapas as well as a confortable larger seating area for dinners and parties. Fully wifi d, Mezzanine transforms from a day time lounge into one of Fez most cosmopolitan dinner, music and venues with it s resident dj. Open from 12 until 02PM non stop. Enjoy a coktail, beer or wine on the terrace. It s really unique edit L'Alcazar Bar, Riad Fes, 5 Derb Ben Slimane Zerbtana, [11] . After a high-energy day in the Medina, L'Alcazar Bar is a comfortable oasis of relaxation and refreshment, the perfect backdrop for a memorable moment with friends and family. A stylish lounge area where stunning design is combined with a warm atmosphere exuding an oriental yet contemporary feel. The lounge bar and fumoir feature a vast choice of cocktails, malt, cognac, wines but also a selection of cigars. edit restaurant numero 7, 7 Zkak Rouah, Fes 30200, Morocco (https://plus.google.com/116067386218184774127/about?gl=fr&hl=fr), ☎ 212 (0) 679442522, [12] . 12-22H closed wednesday. Restaurant n°7 focuses on clean pan-mediterranean cuisine influenced by Moroccan market offerings. French chef and co-owner Bruno comes from years of culinary experience in Paris. He prides himself on his distinctively "classique" desserts. Open everyday from 12-10pm for lunch, tea and dinner. Dinner reservations appreciated. Closed wednesdays. As of June 2013 this restaurant was not operating. 10-20€. (34.06373,-4.978255) edit Dar Seffarine, 14 Derb Sbaa Louyate (Close to the Qarawiyine Mosque), ☎ 00212 671113528, [13] . Historic guesthouse in the old medina of Fes. More than 600 years old and one of the best examples of a traditional building in World Herritage listed in Fez. 5 guest rooms and 2 suites, rateing from 75 EUR + tax. 75 EUR. (per,night) edit Sleep[ edit ][ add listing ] Map of Fez ville nouvelle Most visitors to Fez will want to stay in the medina as the main tourist sights are located there, and the new town is quite a distance from the medina so you will be relying on taxis to take you in and out every day. Budget[ edit ] RIAD VERUS Derb Arset Bennis, Batha - safe choice. Excellent wifi. Favourite for Semester at Sea students. Cheap deals to be had. Lush views. Spacious dorms and good vibes too. Worth checking out. 0535741941 or whatsapp on 0034651666575. [email protected] - Deals from 100 dhm a night in ensuite dorm rooms with ac and breakfast included. Dar Adam 41, Oued Souafine Fez medina (in front of riad Al Kantara), tel 0535 63 5997/email: [email protected]. Free wifi, stunning roof terrace, quiet, clean, very friendly staff and very well placed in the medina. Organises hammam visits, medina visits with a professional guide and city (and/or regions) tours. Twins, triples and double rooms with shared bathroom. Rooms are all private, no dorms. Price: from 240 Dh per room (sleeping minimum two). Riad Doha 21, derb Sefli, Rass Jnan, Bab Jdid, tel: +212661834912, quite close (5 minutes walk) to R'cif square and 10-15 minutes walk from Bab Boujloud. The riad has WiFi, enough warm water, breakfast is included in the price you pay (plenty and delicious) and you have a terrace on the roof (as most riads) with a good view of the medina. Tea is free when you wish and the staff are really, really friendly and helpful. It is recommended to speak with them about any doubts you have about Fes and your stay in general. They can also arrange a tour guide or just a shopping guide (but still be aware of what he recommends) for 50+Dh, depending on the amount of things you want to see. You can also ask the guys (Mohamed and Said) to help prepare a traditional Moroccon dish one of the nights. Prices, per night, for a room are 20-30Eur. Camping Diamant Vert,Rue Ain Chkef. Decent amount of shade, french toilets and (sometimes warm) showers. 25 Dh a person, 15 Dh per tent. Free access to the swimming pool. Dar Rabha, 41 Derb Serraj, Fez Medina, Fez, Morocco (When you arrive in Fez take a taxi to Bab Bou Jeloud, “The Blue Gate.” On the main street “Tala'a Sghira,” below the restaurant area, there will be a sign next to a doorway that reads Dar Rabha. Enter this doorway and follow the ally down to the guesthouse. You can also call them and they will send a member of there staff to meet you at “The Blue Gate” and bring you to the Riad. They can also arrange a pick up for you at the airport, bus or train station when you arrive.), ☎ +212 535 636 726, [14] . checkin: anytime; checkout: 12:00 noon. Dar Rabha has different sized dorm and private rooms. It is a Riad that has been nicely decorated. A large tent covers the terrace and has a bunch of big couches inside which make it a really comfortable place to relax. The breakfast is all right and really filling, but it takes time to get it. The staff is helpful and friendly, especially the owner Aziz. Dorm bunks are Dh 110 (in an 8-bed dorm)and private rooms are Dh 450 a night.. edit HI youth Hostel (Albergue Juvenil), 18 Rue Abdeslam Serghini, tel 035.624085. Clean, bright, friendly and well placed in the ville nouvelle. A dorm bed costs 75 Dirham (including breakfast?). There also are double rooms with shared bath. Hotel Cascades, 26 rue Serrajine (near Bab Boud Jeloud - main gate in the Medina), ☎ +212 35 636 442. The rooms are clean, noisy and simple. Shared bathrooms on the first and second floor, free hot shower on the first. In the same price-range as the youth hostel with a better location and no lockout, and therefore attracting a clientele of young backpackers and solo tourists looking for travel companions. Staying on the roof-terrace which also has a restaurant (breakfast Dh 25, mains Dh 50) is cheap but good, although backslash could be the 5AM calls to prayer waking you up, 6AM light and summer midday-heat. single Dh 70, double Dh 160, bed on roof terrace Dh 40, breakfast Dh 25. edit Hotel Erraha (near Bab Boud Jeloud - main gate) in the Medina. Ugly and noisy, not absolutely clean but could serve for a night if you don't find another place, 100 Dhs. One of the employees, Mohammad, is a good man, and will gladly tell you about the history of Fes, and help you out if you need anything. There are a few more hostels near the main gate walking down any of the two parallel main streets, but not many of them. Try to arrive well before dark. The streets beyond the two main ones can be frightening at night. Pension Batha, (100-250 Dhs) 8 Sidi Lkhayat Batha, Fax: 05-574-1150, just across from Hotel Batha, around the corner from Bab Boud Ganoush. It has limited rooms, and fills up quickly, but they are clean and include private bathroom. It comes with breakfast on a nice (but small) terrace on the top floor. Double Room with bathroom 250 Dhs. Breakfast very simple but OK. Ask for Laila (English spoken). Hotel Royal. Big rooms, slightly antique feeling, hot water only in the morning. single with bathroom Dh 120, double with bathroom Dh 190. edit Hotel Volubilis, 42 Abdellah Chefchaouni, tel 035.620463, 80 Dh for a double, 120 Dh for apartments for 3-4 people. Bed bathrooms (cold shower, just over the toilet). Dar Bouânania. Riad-style, wonderfully decorated rooms, nice roof-terrace, wifi and very welcoming staff. double Dh 250-400. edit Mid-range[ edit ] Riad Verus, 1 Derb Arset Bennis (Batha), ☎ 0535741941, [15] . checkin: 3pm; checkout: 11.30. Riad Verus is the brain child behind Noor and Leanora. Between them they speak 7 languages and are very tourist savy and will bend over backwards to ensure you enjoy your stay and are safe. All rooms have flat screen tvs, ipod plug ins, wifi, air con and heating. The Riad has been beautifully restored with original mosaics, cedar wood designs and specialist plastering and meets all the new legal safety requirements for Hotel operation. The Riad has a large salon, coffee bar, restaurant, chill out pod, amazing 360 degree panoramic views of the Medina from their roof terrace. The location is excellent, parking close by, around the corner from Ryad Sheherazade in the trendy neighbourhood. They also offer Day trips to The Sahara Desert, Donkey rides to The Merenid Tombs, Three hour Orientation guides of the medina offered by a team of carefully chosen fun official guides. from 40 €. edit Dar Aquas: [16] Dar Aquas is a beautifully restored, 5 bedroom boutique riad guesthouse in the in the oldest part of the ancient medina of Fez. The 300 year old restored Dar, as the traditional courtyard houses are known, features intricate original hand carved plaster decoration, 4 metre high carved cedar doors, hand cut tilework, and cedar beamed ceilings. It is 5 minutes from the Rcif Gate, close to taxis and public transport. Dar Aquas is near many of the historical sites of Fez including the Kairouine and Andalous Mosques, the Attarine Souk (market), several old medersas (Koranic schools) and the famous Fez Tanneries, all of which are within close walking distance. Double Rooms from about €75 Euros incl a complimentary breakfast & free WiFi. They sometimes have special offers during the Low season. Riad Jamai: [17] A traditional riad that has been restored to its former slendour, with extremely helpful and welcoming staff. The rooms are large and comfortable and the breakfast will keep you going all day. The location is in a residential local area of the medina, a good walk from the main attractions, but near a gate (bab) for a short taxi ride to the busy medina. Its location ensures a tranquil retreat from the hustle and bustle of the main medina, whilst also providing local amenities for fruit and veg and everyday Fes life. Rooms from 50-110 Euros Dar El Menia: [18] lies in the heart of Fez (Fes) Medina. This 14C, Dar or courtyard house has recently been completely restored using local craftsmen, techniques and materials and provides the perfect luxurious base to begin exploring the Medina of Fez. Situated adjacent to Talaa Kebira, the Medina's main street it offers easy access to all major sites of interest. Dar El Menia is run and owned by an Englishman, Graham Coules. Rooms from 40 to 75 euros. The Dar El Menia website [19] also has information regarding desert tours,cooking schools,cafes/restaurants and nearby sites of interest. Dar Anebar: Beautiful riad decorated in a traditional Moroccan style, but including a host of modern amenities. This place is really the best of both worlds: if you stay in the Dar Anebar Annex, you can enjoy the elegance of a riad, while still having access to the convenience of free wifi, hot showers, and french toilets. Also great location, just minutes from Bab Guissa. During the off-season, double rooms in the annex are only 65euros per night. Dar Bennis: traditional 18th century house (riad) in the Medina for vacation or holiday rental for up to five people, starting at 80 euros for entire house. This website [20] also has lots of information about Fez museums, architecture, restaurants, real estate & monuments. Dar Mystere: traditional Fassi house (dar) in an excellent location in the Medina for vacation or holiday rental for up to six people, starting at 50 euros for exclusive use of the house. This website [21] has more information. Hotel Batha: (near Bab Boud Jeloud beside Post Office) Tourist Hotel in font of Pension Batha. Almost full. About 520 Dhm for double room with bathroom. The price is very high for the quality. The outside of the hotel is great but the room are very basic and old. Just around the corner towards the Bab Bajeloud is an internet café run by a couple of very nice guys who speak English and will be more than willing to give you some insights on the best places to visit and explore in the city. The price for the internet café is 10 DH/h ChezMaMounia - Bed And Breakfast, (34-55 USD) [22] Avenue Saint Louis, Tel: 06-99008110, Behind Hotel Jnan Fes Palace. For those who want to discover or rediscover the magic city of Fez with an authentic Moroccan family. Splurge[ edit ] There are a growing number of beautiful, comfortable guest-houses ("riads") in the medina of Fes el-Bali. They are expensive by Moroccan standards but offer luxury for about the price of a North American chain hotel. Some Moroccan proprietors prey on Westerners' culture-shock to direct business toward favored or overpriced services, so it is worth doing your research before going. Hotel Sahrai, [27] . Hotel Sahrai is a luxury boutique hotel, perched on a hill, with spectacular views of the Medina and its surroundings. Sahrai is set to redefine the Fez boutique experience with its fresh approach and stylish design. Characterized by a unique blending of contemporary design and Moroccan details, exclusive location, state-of-the-art amenities and arts-oriented approach, Hotel Sahrai offers a different departure from the traditional local boutique experience. edit Stay safe[ edit ] Fez is safe, but crowded. Take standard precautions regarding wallet, purse, etc. If you hear "Belek! Belek!" behind you, stand aside because a heavily-laden donkey is bearing down on you! Appear to know where you are going, even if you don't, or you will get offers from false guides. False guides are not dangerous but they can be exasperatingly tenacious. They can also promise to take you to your hostel or hotel... walking a much longer way, so you can expect being cheated. Best technique is to not even acknowledge their presence. That is rude and they won't be pleased, but it is better than to have them walk with you for half an hour. If you have to ask directions ask to someone that is obviously busy in his own business and try to appear as sure as you can of the way you are going ("This way to R'cif, right?"). Getting caught with a faux guide will cost you, but it will cost the faux guide more: they can receive up to 2 days imprisonment if they get caught. Cops are often in plain clothes, so be wary! A useful strategy with false guides is to say all the lines they have been taught before they have said them to show you know what you are doing; they all say the same thing so just learn it and repeat. Just a tip for any situations: keep in your wallet only fews dhirams most part in coins, divide remaining money in different places so if a faux-guide, an insistent seller or just to negotiate price you can stay safe and show an empty wallet. You should also beware of hustlers (aka con-artists); Fez has a far larger number of them than almost everywhere else and they use more sophisticated techniques. An example of a prominent scam occurs where you come into Fez by train and someone talks to you saying he is coming to visit his relatives, and is actually a respectable outsider (e.g. an owner of a hotel). He will then ask you to come eat with his relatives and when you get there they will spend most of the time trying to suggest accommodation, offering you tours where they gain commission from all the (especially Carpet) shops, and even organize expensive desert excursions that are actually just you driving in circles just outside the city for three days. Beware of people at the train/bus station (even the bus driver) who introduce you to their "cousins" or "brothers," trying to involve you in some sort of carpet-selling scam, and especially refrain from handing over your credit card in such situations. There are many other scams and annoyances trying to get you into a shop/restaurant/hotel with various degrees of lying in the stories people make up. If in doubt, be independent and look for yourself e.g. whether the hotel you want to go to is indeed closed or under construction. This is unfortunately one of the sad things about Morocco, that you get to distrust every one, even those people who are genuinely friendly and hospitable, because sometimes this is only a facade. Cope[ edit ] For a North American traveller, Fez requires a real change of outlook or it will be a very high-stress trip! Shopkeepers and guides are very assertive and you will have to get used to saying "no" a lot. On the other hand, they can be genuinely warm and friendly even while trying to sell you something, an idea that is pretty alien to North Americans where it is assumed that a business relationship is the opposite of sincerity! Non-Muslims are not allowed to visit mosques, although they can visit the medersas (religious schools). Bargaining is a way of life that has survived for centuries, and shows no sign of changing. Moroccans even bargain among each other for everything except perhaps their utilities. Don't believe anyone (and you will hear it all the time) who tells you prices are being "regulated". Every other souk claims to be a "Government Regulated Co-op". There is a single, genuine government-regulated fixed price shop in the Ville Nouvelle where all prices are posted, the goods are of decent (if not amazing) quality, and the single bored cashier will just stare incredulously at you if you attempt to bargain with him. Ask any hotel manager or petit taxi driver to take you to the "Artisana." All products sold in Artisanas come directly from the artists who made the products.	Morocco
To what religion would you belong if you celebrated 'Diwali' (The Festival of Lights)?	Explore Morocco - Shopping In Souks & Markets of Morocco shopping in souks & markets of morocco Menu Home > Explore Morocco > Shopping In Souks & Markets Travel to Morocco & Shop the worlds best Souks & Markets Souks and markets are a major feature in Moroccan life, and among the country’s greatest attractions for Moroccan traverls. Each town has its special souk quarter, large cities like Fes and Marrakech have labyrinths of individual souks (each filling a street or square and devoted tone particular craft), and in the countryside there are hundreds of weekly souks, on a different day in each village of the region. Whether or not you are a big shopper, going to a Souk is a cultural experience that should not be missed on a trip to Morocco. Find the medina, the central and oldest part of the city, and your journey has almost begun. If you feel slightly overwhelmed when you enter a lively area filled with artisan shops, aromatic bakeries, and excited shopkeepers eager meet you, you have found the souk. Travel to Morocco and shop the souks of Marrakech, Fes & Ouarzazate ( Book a Tour or call (800) 787-8806. Let us be your guide to Morocco Travel. When the first souks appeared within Morocco, they were nothing more than small areas outside the city for merchants to display and sell their goods. Yet, as city populations grew, so did the souks. Today souks have become an important part of the culture socially and act as the heart of any large Moroccan city. Some souks are seasonal or annual while others like the Djemaa El Fna market in Marrakech are famous for snake charmers, storytellers, musicians, dynamic acrobatic events. Some of the villages or areas between villages are in fact named after their market days therefore it’s easy to see when they are held. The souk days are: Souk el Had – Sunday (first market) Souk el Tnine – Monday market Souk el Tieta – Tuesday market Souk el Arba – Wednesday market Souk el Khamees – Thursday market Souk el Sebt – Saturday market There are few village markets on Friday (el Djemma – the “assembly”, when the main prayers are held in the mosques), and even in the cities, souks are largely closed on Friday mornings and very subdued for the rest of the day. Village souks begin on the afternoon preceding souk day, as people travel from all over the region; those who live nearer set out early in the morning of the souk day. It can be helpful to be accompanied by a guide if it is your first trip. A souk can feel a little bit like a labyrinth, and it is easy to get disoriented. One suggestion is to find a map and get familiar with the layout of the souk to minimize chances of getting too lost. There are various sections within a souk specializing in a unique skill or craft. Examples include the textile souk, rug souk, jewelry souk, the fabric souk, the spice souk, and the leather souk. Carpets in Morocco If you are in the market for a carpet that will not only adorn your home but contribute to its character, Morocco is a carpet heaven. An unforgettable part of any souk experience is a visit to the rug merchant. Expect to drink three or four glasses of sweet mint tea and spend at least half a day in during negotiations for one of Morocco's top products. To step into the store of a rug merchant is to walk into a den of designs, no two of them alike. Fifteen types of Moroccan rugs and carpets are found in shops throughout the area from the High Atlas rugs, made with 100% wool and dyed with vegetable colors to the woven and embroidered kellim rugs. Prices vary with the degree of work, from US$6,000-$12,000 for a High Atlas carpet to US$5,500 for a reversible carpet (with a summer and winter side) to as little as US$150 for a kellim rug. Prices are generally one-half to one-third of those found in the US. Arrangements can be made with merchants for shipping and delivery to be included in the negotiated price. A majority of the carpets in Morocco are from Berber villages and woven rather then knotted on old broad loams. Some of the finer rugs with Arab designs can be found in Fes and Rabat. Moroccan rugs or kellims are particularly famous for their rich yarns and lustrous colors created from henna, indigo, saffron, and other organic elements. Although expensive, Moroccan carpet’s high prices are justified in that they can last up to several hundred years. Depending on the quality of the carpet, the hues of the carpet may stay nearly as vibrant as the day you purchased it on your Moroccan adventure. Moroccan carpets come in many designs. The woven kilims or Berber rugs are characterized by their geometric patterns and are the most expensive because they are made with vegetable dyes. Each tribe has its own unique design and pattern. The chain of Maison Berbere shops in Ouarzazate, Tinerhir and Risssani are good hunting grounds for a beautiful kellim. As some Berber rugs can start at a more than a thousand dollar per square meter, you may want a cheaper alternative. Outside Rabat, there are many tribal rugs like the famous Zanafia and Glaoua rugs which are flat and fluffy. Other options include flat woven carpets, or pile rugs. Also available are Berber blankets (foutahs or couvertures) which are quite striking with bands of red and black color spread across them; for these visit Tetouan and Chefchaouen, on the edge of the Rif. Jewelry in Morocco Most jewelry in Morocco comes in high quality gold and silver. Silver jewelry went into decline with the loss to Israel of Morocco’s Jewish population, the country’s traditional workers in precious metals and crafts in general; in the south, however you can find some fabulous Berber necklaces and bracelets, very chunky and characterized by bold combinations of semiprecious (and sometimes plastic) stones and beads. Marrakech , Fes , Essaouira and Ouarzazate have particularly good jewelry souks. For gold jewelry, Fes is the best option. Most famous is the silver hand of Fatima (Fatima was the Prophet Mohammad’s daughter in law) which is believed to protect it’s wearers from misfortune and illness. Silver jewelry is said to be the characteristically Moroccan as it is often made by Morocco’s indigenous Berbers. While traditional Berber women continue to wear silver jewelry especially family heirlooms for marriage ceremonies gold has become the preference among them and also modern Moroccan woman as it is a sign of wealth. Metals in Morocco Brass, copper, and silverware are the most popular metals to buy. As Moroccans are talented in this area, rest assured that almost any purchase made in the metal souk is of high quality. Various cities in Morocco specialize in a certain metal work. For silver, take a trip to Tiznit or Taroudannt. There you can find silver daggers, encrusted items, and muskets; the most popular purchase is the pot-bellied teapot. Silver trays and candlesticks, brass frames, and lamps are also found in Marrakesh, Fes, and Tetouan. In Fes, you can watch the artisans in their element as they hammer and mold metals. Wood and Pottery in Morocco Marquetry is one of the few crafts where you will see genuinely old pieces- inlaid tables and shelves- though the most easily exportable objects are boxes and chess sets made of beautifully inlaid thuya and cedar woods in Essouaria. Pottery is colorful and often crudely made however the blue-and-white designs of Fes and the multicolored pots of Chefchaouen are very attractive. Morocco’s major pottery center is located in Safi and boasts several shops filled with colorful plates, tajines and garden pots. Safi tajines are generally more decorative. The best for cooking are produced by the Oulja pottery at Sale, near Rabat, in plain red-brown earthenware. These earthenware tajines can also be found any major city souks in Marrakech, Fes, Casablanca, Meknes , Ouarzazate or Tangier. Clothing and leather goods in Morocco Moroccan clothing is easy to purchase. The traditional dress of the country is called the djellaba (a kind of cloak). Djellabas come in three styles: Arab (large, flowing garments), Berber (with straighter lines) and Pasha (a two-piece garment worn for special events). The djellaba is a long, loosely fitting hooded outer robe with full sleeves. They are made in many different shapes and colors; generally men wear light colors which are important as this helps reflect the strong Moroccan sun, men also traditionally wear a red fez hat and soft yellow pointed slippers (baboosh) with a djellaba. Light colors are also available for women to wear but despite this, women choose to wear brighter colors such as pinks, blues and even black. The hood is of vital importance for both sexes as it protects the wearer from the sun and in earlier times was used as a defense against sand being blown into the wearers face by strong desert winds. It is not uncommon for the hood to be used as an informal pocket during times of nice weather. Djellabas are made of a wide variety of materials, from cotton for summer-time djellabas to coarse wool for winter djellabas. The wool is typically harvested from sheep living in the surrounding mountains and then a long process of turning the wool into yarn is carried out and it is then woven in the fabric to create the garment. Djellabas are worn by both men and women; the men's style is generally baggier, of darker colors, and plain. Women's djellabas are tighter and can sport elaborate decorative stitching in a variety of colors. Women sometimes add a scarf. Modern djellabas are quite fashionable and currently being designed to appeal to foreigners and young Moroccan women in cities. These fashionable djellabas are often made of cotton, rayon or silk, are woven with sequins or made of damask with wonderful large patterned designs. Almost all djellabas of both styles include a baggy hood called a 'cob' that comes to a point at the back. Traditionally Djellabas reach right down to the ground but nowadays they are becoming slimmer and shorter. The Islamic religion of Morocco is also a key factor in the way that Moroccan people dress. The djellaba covers the whole body and is therefore an acceptable modest outfit. Caftans, traditional women's dress that often has tiny buttons on the front with a V shape are available in a variety of styles and materials ranging from cotton to polyester to silk. For djellabas and caftans Prices start at about US $25 and go as high as $600 for a special occasion garment. Leather goods are of excellent quality in Morocco as they are hand dyed, most of natural vegetable dyes, sold in souks across the country and come in various shades of brown as well as hot pink, lime green, turquoise, ravishing reds, canary yellow and magenta. The classic item to purchase of leather in Morocco is babooshes (shoes) that are open at the heel, immensely comfortable, and produced in traditional yellow, white, red (for women) grey and black. The best selection of leather goods can be found in Fes and Marrakesh. The city of Fes is home to an expansive tannery, one of North Africa’s most photographed sites. Purses (US$10 and up), sequin-dotted leather camel toys (US$3-5), and babooshes or soft slippers (US$3-$25) are some of the most popular items in the tannery. Outside, street vendors sell colorful billfolds embossed with Moroccan designs for as little as US$2.50. Food Products in Morocco There are a unique variety of food products in Morocco that are difficult to find at home which make excellent gifts and souvenirs. Locally produced olive oil has an incredible, distinctive strong flavor and in the Souss Valley you can find delicious sweet Argan oil. Argan oil is oil produced from the kernels of the endemic argan tree that is valued for its nutritive, cosmetic and numerous medicinal properties. The tree, a relict species from the Tertiary age, is extremely well adapted to drought and other environmentally difficult conditions of southwestern Morocco. The species Argania once covered North Africa and is now endangered and under protection of UNESCO. The Argan tree grows wild in semi-desert soil, its deep root system helping to protect against soil erosion and the northern advance of the Sahara. Argan oil remains one of the rarest oils in the world due the small and very specific growing area. Olives in Morocco come in numerous varieties as do almonds, walnuts and spices. Morocco is notable for Saffron which is grown in the area east of Taliouine. Cakes, sweets and biscuits are also famous in Morocco. Some of the best ones can be found in souks and also home made during religious holidays such as Ramadan or on the Moroccan New Year, Aïd el Kebir. Book with us	i don't know
In which Shakespeare play would you find the characters 'Shylock and Portia'?	SparkNotes: The Merchant of Venice: Character List The Merchant of Venice Plot Overview Analysis of Major Characters Shylock - A Jewish moneylender in Venice. Angered by his mistreatment at the hands of Venice’s Christians, particularly Antonio, Shylock schemes to eke out his revenge by ruthlessly demanding as payment a pound of Antonio’s flesh. Although seen by the rest of the play’s characters as an inhuman monster, Shylock at times diverges from stereotype and reveals himself to be quite human. These contradictions, and his eloquent expressions of hatred, have earned Shylock a place as one of Shakespeare’s most memorable characters. Read an in-depth analysis of Shylock. Portia - A wealthy heiress from Belmont. Portia’s beauty is matched only by her intelligence. Bound by a clause in her father’s will that forces her to marry whichever suitor chooses correctly among three caskets, Portia is nonetheless able to marry her true love, Bassanio. Far and away the most clever of the play’s characters, it is Portia, in the disguise of a young law clerk, who saves Antonio from Shylock’s knife. Read an in-depth analysis of Portia. Antonio - The merchant whose love for his friend Bassanio prompts him to sign Shylock’s contract and almost lose his life. Antonio is something of a mercurial figure, often inexplicably melancholy and, as Shylock points out, possessed of an incorrigible dislike of Jews. Nonetheless, Antonio is beloved of his friends and proves merciful to Shylock, albeit with conditions. Read an in-depth analysis of Antonio. Bassanio - A gentleman of Venice, and a kinsman and dear friend to Antonio. Bassanio’s love for the wealthy Portia leads him to borrow money from Shylock with Antonio as his guarantor. An ineffectual businessman, Bassanio proves himself a worthy suitor, correctly identifying the casket that contains Portia’s portrait. Gratiano - A friend of Bassanio’s who accompanies him to Belmont. A coarse and garrulous young man, Gratiano is Shylock’s most vocal and insulting critic during the trial. While Bassanio courts Portia, Gratiano falls in love with and eventually weds Portia’s lady-in-waiting, Nerissa. Jessica - Although she is Shylock’s daughter, Jessica hates life in her father’s house, and elopes with the young Christian gentleman, Lorenzo. The fate of her soul is often in doubt: the play’s characters wonder if her marriage can overcome the fact that she was born a Jew, and we wonder if her sale of a ring given to her father by her mother is excessively callous. Lorenzo - A friend of Bassanio and Antonio, Lorenzo is in love with Shylock’s daughter, Jessica. He schemes to help Jessica escape from her father’s house, and he eventually elopes with her to Belmont. Nerissa - Portia’s lady-in-waiting and confidante. She marries Gratiano and escorts Portia on Portia’s trip to Venice by disguising herself as her law clerk. Launcelot Gobbo - Bassanio’s servant. A comical, clownish figure who is especially adept at making puns, Launcelot leaves Shylock’s service in order to work for Bassanio. The prince of Morocco - A Moorish prince who seeks Portia’s hand in marriage. The prince of Morocco asks Portia to ignore his dark countenance and seeks to win her by picking one of the three caskets. Certain that the caskets reflect Portia’s beauty and stature, the prince of Morocco picks the gold chest, which proves to be incorrect. The prince of Arragon - An arrogant Spanish nobleman who also attempts to win Portia’s hand by picking a casket. Like the prince of Morocco, however, the prince of Arragon chooses unwisely. He picks the silver casket, which gives him a message calling him an idiot instead of Portia’s hand. Salarino - A Venetian gentleman, and friend to Antonio, Bassanio, and Lorenzo. Salarino escorts the newlyweds Jessica and Lorenzo to Belmont, and returns with Bassanio and Gratiano for Antonio’s trial. He is often almost indistinguishable from his companion Solanio. Solanio - A Venetian gentleman, and frequent counterpart to Salarino. The duke of Venice - The ruler of Venice, who presides over Antonio’s trial. Although a powerful man, the duke’s state is built on respect for the law, and he is unable to help Antonio. Old Gobbo - Launcelot’s father, also a servant in Venice. Tubal - A Jew in Venice, and one of Shylock’s friends. Doctor Bellario - A wealthy Paduan lawyer and Portia’s cousin. Doctor Bellario never appears in the play, but he gives Portia’s servant the letters of introduction needed for her to make her appearance in court. Balthasar - Portia’s servant, whom she dispatches to get the appropriate materials from Doctor Bellario. More Help	The Merchant of Venice
In the film 'To Die For', who played Nicole Kidman's husband?	Shakespeare's Language: The Merchant of Venice — Utah Shakespeare Festival Shakespeare's Language: The Merchant of Venice Shakespeare's Language: The Merchant of Venice Many students—and adults for that matter—find Shakespeare difficult to read and hard to understand. They accuse him of not speaking English and refuse to believe that ordinary people spoke the way his characters do. However, if you know more about his language, it is easier to understand. One idea that may help is to remember that his plays are written in two forms: prose and verse. In The Merchant of Venice prose and verse are both used extensively. Prose Prose is the form of speech used by common people in Shakespearean drama. There is no rhythm or meter in the line. It is everyday language. Shakespeare’s audience would recognize the speech as their language. Characters such as murderers, servants, and porters use prose. However, many important characters can also speak in prose. The majority of The Merry Wives of Windsor is written in prose because it deals with middle-class. Launcelot Gobbo from The Merchant of Venice speaks in prose. For example: “To be ruled by my conscience, I should stay with the Jew my master who (God bless the mark!) is a kind of devil; and, to run away from the Jew, I should be ruled by the fiend, who (saving your reverence) is the devil himself” (2.2.20–23). Launcelot Gobbo, a servant of Shylock, debates with himself in humorous terms whether to seek a new employer, because he dislikes Shylock and his practices. Because there is no rhyme or rhythm, and the text flows without concern of where the line ends on the page, we recognize the passage as prose. Consequently, we can tell that Launcelot is a commoner who speaks with the language of an Elizabethan audience member. Verse The majority of Shakespeare’s plays are written in verse. A character who speaks in verse is a noble or a member of the upper class. Most of Shakespeare’s plays focused on these characters. The verse form he uses is blank verse. It contains no rhyme, but each line has an internal rhythm with a regular rhythmic pattern. The pattern most favored by Shakespeare is iambic pentameter. Iambic pentameter is defined as a ten-syllable line with the accent on every other syllable, beginning with the second one. For example: “The pound of flesh which I demand of him Is dearly bought. ‘Tis mine, and I will have it” (Shylock, 4.1.101–102). The accent occurs on every other syllable, and the natural accent of each word is placed in that position on the line. At times Shakespeare found it necessary to take a vowel out of a word so that the rhythm of the line would not be interrupted. For example, strain’d and bless’d is pronounced as one syllable, as in the following speech by Portia: “The quality of mercy is not strain’d, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath: it is twice bless’d; It blesseth him that gives and him that takes” (4.1.189–92) Shakespeare used this style of writing as a form of stage direction. Actors today can tell by “scanning” a line (scansion) what words are most important and how fast to say a line. When two characters are speaking one character may finish the ten syllable line started by the other character, showing that one line must quickly come on top of another. This is called a shared line or a split line. For example: Portia: You stand within his danger, do you not? Antonio: Ay, so he says. Portia: Do you confess the bond? Antonio: I do.	i don't know
Who played 'Frank Churchill' in the 1996 film 'Emma'?	Emma Movie Review & Film Summary (1996) \| Roger Ebert Tweet “Emma” is the fourth recent version of an Austen novel, after “ Persuasion ,” “Sense and Sensibility” and the TV adaptation of “ Pride and Prejudice .” (As a bonus, the Beverly Hills comedy “ Clueless ” was based on the same story.) It is not about very much--about the romantic intrigues of a small group of people who will all more or less have to marry one another sooner or later, if they haven't already. Advertisement Either you are in sympathy with this material or you are not. I had to smile at an undergraduate's review of the movie, posted on the Internet, which complains that “a parade of 15 or 20 or 8 billion supporting characters waltzes through the scenes. Each is called Mister or Miss or Mrs. Something, and each of them looks and acts exactly the same (obnoxious).” I am not sure you can look obnoxious, but never mind. It may be that young people in a permissive age do not have sympathy for a movie in which a busybody matchmaker spends her days trying to pair off unwilling candidates for matrimony. Yet in its high spirits and wicked good humor, “Emma” is a delightful film--second only to “Persuasion” among the modern Austen movies, and funnier, if not so insightful. Gwyneth Paltrow sparkles in the title role, as young Miss Woodhouse, who wants to play God in her own little patch of England. You can see her eyes working the room, speculating on whose lives she can improve. She takes as a project Harriet Smith ( Toni Collette ), a respectable young woman of imperfect pedigree, insisting that she marry the Rev. Elton ( Alan Cumming ). Miss Smith would much sooner marry a local farmer, but Emma won't hear of it. When the poor farmer sends Miss Smith a letter of proposal, she shows it to Emma, who sniffs, “It is a good letter. One of his sisters must have helped him.” Miss Smith is so uncertain of herself that she turns down the farmer, only to discover that the Reverend doesn't love her--he loves Miss Woodhouse (“I have never cared for Miss Smith,” he tells Emma, “except as your friend”). This should be a lesson for Emma, but she'll need more than one. Stories like this are about manners, nuance and the way that one's natural character tugs against the strict laws of society. In a time when most people traveled little and diversion was largely limited to local parties, three-volume novels and church services, gossip was the great pastime. Local characters were prized because they gave you someone to talk about, and “Emma” has its share, most delightfully Mrs. Elton ( Juliet Stevenson ), who praises herself incessantly by quoting others (of her musical talent, she says, “I myself don't call it great. I only know that my friends call it so”). Advertisement Other local color is provided by Miss Bates and her deaf mother, Mrs. Bates. (They are played by Sophie Thompson and Phyllida Law , who are Emma Thompson's sister and mother.) Miss Bates says everything three times and Mrs. Bates never hears it, and when Emma is unforgivably rude to poor Miss Bates it is the upright Mr. Knightley ( Jeremy Northam ), her brother-in-law, who dresses her down, giving her a stern lecture on her responsibilities under the class system. Emma thinks of Knightley as a brother. She is interested in the Reverend not at all. There is a dashing young bachelor in the neighborhood named Frank Churchill ( Ewan McGregor ) who seems cast as her beau (he rescues her when her carriage gets mired in the river, and again when she is threatened by gypsies). But he has other plans, too, and in the fullness of time Austen sees that everyone gets what they deserve, or in Emma's case perhaps rather more. Popular Blog Posts	Ewan McGregor
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in which city?	Emma (5/10) Movie CLIP - Duet with Mr. Churchill (1996) HD - YouTube Emma (5/10) Movie CLIP - Duet with Mr. Churchill (1996) HD Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Oct 2, 2011 Emma movie clips: http://j.mp/1L5ulEP Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6pr CLIP DESCRIPTION: Emma (Gwyneth Paltrow) and Frank Churchill (Ewan McGregor) sing a duet of Arthur Somervell's "Silent Worship" at the Coles' Party. FILM DESCRIPTION: Based on the novel by Jane Austen (who in the '90s seemed to be in the running alongside William Shakespeare and Stephen King for the honors of most adapted author in Hollywood), this period romantic comedy stars Gwyneth Paltrow as Emma Woodhouse, a young woman who imagines herself an authority on matters of the heart. With the best of intentions, Emma plays matchmaker for her friends, most notably her friend Harriet (Toni Collette), who Emma links up with the Reverend Elton (Alan Cumming), and her governess, (Greta Scacchi), who she introduces to her future husband, Mr. Weston (James Cosmo). However, Emma is not nearly as good at playing Cupid as she likes to imagine, and she spends so much time trying to solve everyone else's romantic problems that it takes her quite some time to realize that she's fallen in love with Mr. Knightly (Jeremy Northam). A television miniseries based on Austen's book appeared a year later, while a year prior to Emma, the story appeared in modernized form in the popular teen comedy Clueless. CREDITS: Cast: Gwyneth Paltrow, Greta Scacchi, Jeremy Northam, Toni Collette, Polly Walker, Ewan McGregor, John Franklyn-Robbins Director: Douglas McGrath Producers: Patrick Cassavetti, Donna Gigliotti, Donna Grey, Steven Haft, Bob Weinstein, Harvey Weinstein Screenwriters: Jane Austen, Douglas McGrath WHO ARE WE? The MOVIECLIPS channel is the largest collection of licensed movie clips on the web. Here you will find unforgettable moments, scenes and lines from all your favorite films. Made by movie fans, for movie fans. SUBSCRIBE TO OUR MOVIE CHANNELS:	i don't know
Who is the current Earl of Chester?	Prince of Cambridge will be Earl of Chester - Chester Chronicle Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge’s baby son will one day become the Earl of Chester if a 14th century tradition is upheld. The young prince’s paternal grandfather, Prince Charles, is the current Earl, created such on the same day that he became Prince of Wales (July 26, 1958), although his investiture did not take place until July 1, 1969. Born on Monday, July 22, the royal baby has not yet been named but he is the first Prince of Cambridge in 190 years. The last was Prince George of Cambridge, a grandson of George III and the only son of Prince Adolphus Frederick, the 1st Duke of Cambridge. The baby’s father Prince William will become the next Earl of Chester, followed by his son and heir. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge with their newborn son History of the title The Earldom of Chester was one of the most powerful in medieval England and since 1301 the title has generally been granted to heirs-apparent to the English throne. From the late 14th century it has been given only in conjunction with that of Prince of Wales. As Countess of Chester in 1983, Diana, Princess of Wales, the Duke of Cambridge’s late mother, and Prince Charles, officially renamed the city’s hospital, in honour of her title. Like us on Facebook	Charles, Prince of Wales
Three of the four presidents carved into Mount Rushmore are Lincoln, Washington and Jefferson. Who is the fourth?	Chester Theatre Club youth theatre awarded grant – Chester Theatre Club Chester Theatre Club youth theatre awarded grant Posted on by Site Admin November 1, 2015 A city youth theatre has been awarded £1,000 by the Earl of Chester ’s Fund to help their dramatic art. The Chester Theatre Club group plan to spend the money on a portable piano and a PA system to use at the Little Theatre in Newtown and to take with them for their community performances. Youth leader Jenny Shryane said: “We heard about the Earl of Chester’s Fund for work taken into the community from a parent of one of our youth members. “As we have always taken our performances into the community – right from our first production – we thought that we had a strong case. It is important for us that our youth theatre members experience not only their parents and friends as an audience at the Little Theatre but learn how to adapt to a wide variety of other, often non-theatrical venues and to an audience of people they don’t know who may be more critical. “The Youth Theatre is now in its fifth year and during that time we have taken performances to Chester Lodge Care Home, St Anne’s Park, the Heritage Centre, Garden Lane Uniting Church, the Slow Boat Restaurant, Chester Cathedral , Chester University , the Vernon Institute, Rufus Court, Whitby Hall and Theatr Clwyd. “We’re looking forward to taking our mini piano and its accessories with us to enhance future community performances.” The next Youth Theatre production will be The Mince Pie Murders set in Mucksley Manor (any resemblance to an Agatha Christie mystery is purely coincidental!) to be performed at Chester Little Theatre in Gloucester Street, Chester on Thursday, December 3 and Friday, December 4 at 7.30 pm and on Saturday, December 5 at 2.30 pm in the Uniting Church in Garden Lane. Entrance is free but donations to cover production costs are gratefully received. Prince Charles is the current Earl of Chester. The Earl of Chester’s Fund provides donations to causes within Cheshire . (Story originally posted in the Chester Chronicle 29/10/15)	i don't know
The novel 'The Water Babies' was written by whom?	The Water Babies by Charles Kingsley \| Featured Books : Stella & Rose's Books The Water Babies by Charles Kingsley View current stock of this title The Water Babies, subtitled by its author as A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby, on closer examination has been seen as more than just a fairy tale by many. It can also be seen as a story rich in moral lessons and religious parallels. Written for his son Grenville, Charles Kingsley's popular fable was first serialised in MacMillan's Magazine on a monthly basis, from August 1862 through to March 1863. It was first published in book form in 1863 with two full page illustrations by J. Noel Paton. The Story: The book tells the story of Tom, a young chimney sweep, who is cruelly treated by his master, Mr. Grimes. During a new job at the posh 'Harthover', Tom loses his way and accidentally falls down the chimney into the wrong room. He lands in the bedroom of the squire's daughter, Ellie. Tom examines the room and is 'puzzled' to see 'a washing-stand, with ewers and basins, and soap and brushes and towels; and a large bath, full of clean water - what a heap of things all for washing!' He then becomes aware of his own dirty, disheveled appearance, by means of a looking glass in Ellie's room. 'And looking round, he suddenly saw, standing close to him, a little ugly, black, ragged figure, with red eyes and grinning white teeth'. Above right: 'Ellie's Room', illustrated by Jessie Willcox Smith . On waking and seeing the dirty and 'ragged' Tom in her bedroom, Ellie began to scream, so alerting the rest of the household to the incident. A chase ensues, during which Kingsley cleverly uses the undergrowth and flora and fauna to show Tom in a different environment to the city; his usual surroundings. It reflects the freeness that Tom feels, as he runs away. Tom's realization of his dirtiness makes him desire to be clean: 'I will be a fish, and swim in the water. I must be clean, I must be clean'. With that, 'suddenly, he found himself, not in the outhouse on the hay, but in the middle of a meadow, over the road, with a stream just before him...' Tom enters the stream and so he begins his magical adventures beneath the waves as a Water-baby. Left: An illustration by Alice B. Woodward . When Tom starts his journey to the sea, he is alone, but is always watched by the ever-present 'Queen of all fairies ' and his other 'brothers and sisters', who long to play with him, but are warned that he first needs to 'learn lessons from the animals'. Below right: Queen of the Fairies. Illustration by Warwick Goble . During his adventures undersea, Tom meets many exciting and wonderful creatures that are all new to him, such as 'water-monkeys' and 'water-squirrels'. Unfortunately, 'he was very fond of hunting and teasing animals, just for fun' The water animals soon stay away from Tom and he becomes very lonely, until he happens upon a dragonfly, who becomes his friend and tells him stories. Some of the water-creatures, however, are not so pleasant. He crosses paths with an otter and her family, who are intent on 'salmon for breakfast'. Later, he comes across them again, when he tries to help a 'clumsy' lobster who has been caught in a fisherman's pot. The otter wants the lobster for dinner too! After a close escape helping the lobster, Tom almost immediately comes across a fellow water-baby - 'A real live water-baby, sitting on the white sand.' They meet and Tom finds his whole 'water-baby' family and is taken to their home - St. Brandan's fairy isle. The water-babies in this chapter are shown to be 'all the little children whom the fairies carry off because people are not kind to them in the land-world'. Left: Tom is befriended by the Dragonfly. Illustration by Anne Anderson . Tom is as happy as can be - but is soon up to his old tricks of tormenting the water-animals. Very soon, we are introduced to Mrs. Bedonebyasyoudid, who serves out punishments to all the adults in the human world, who have been cruel to children. Then Mrs. Doasyouwouldbedoneby comes to visit the water-babies, 'the most nice, soft, fat, smooth, pussy, cuddly, delicious creatures who ever nursed a baby'. She would mother and look after all the water-babies, singing them songs to nurse them to sleep. There are more lessons to be learnt by Tom, after he gets himself into more trouble after stealing and eating too many sea-lollipops. He is taken by Mrs. Bedonebyasyoudid, to be taught by Ellie, the same clean 'white lady', whose bedroom he had dropped into from the chimney all that time earlier. Ellie, who when a land-baby had believed in water-babies, had become a water-baby herself, after falling into a rock-pool and being given a pair of wings by the fairies. After many years of teaching by Ellie, Tom is sent on his own journey to 'somewhere he doesn't like to go', to 'help someone he doesn't like'. He has to journey to the 'other-end-of-nowhere' to find Mr. Grimes and help him. To do this he must first go to 'Shiny wall, and through the white gate that was never opened.' The fairy instructs Tom that after coming to the Peacepool, Mother Carey in her Haven (below left) will tell him the way to 'the other-end-of-nowhere', where he would find Mr. Grimes. With the help of the 'beasts in the sea and the birds in the air', Tom makes his journey to 'the other-end-of-nowhere', seeing many wonderful things on the way and makes new friends, especially with a dog, who helps him on the last part of his journey. Eventually he comes to find Mr. Grimes, who has now himself become a chimney sweep. From the lessons that Tom has learnt as a Water-baby and from Ellie, he comes to 'help someone he doesn't like'. On learning this lesson, Tom is allowed back to Ellie and the other water-babies. He is also allowed to go 'home' with Ellie on Sundays and became a 'great man of science'. Illustrated editions: 'The Water-Babies' has been published in countless editions, many being abridged or retold for younger readers so they too can enjoy the story. The first edition of 1863 had just two black and white illustrations and, indeed, the majority of Water-babies editions have at least some black and white pictures. However, some of the most sought-after and collectable are the numerous editions illustrated in colour by famous artists. Each different illustrator uses his or her own style to produce simply delightful depictions of Tom and the other memorable characters in 'The Water-Babies'. Even for similar scenes, each artist gives us a glimpse into the world of the water-babies as it appears in their imagination. Some famous illustrators of the book include: Anne Anderson (1924), Warwick Goble (1909), Alice B. Woodward (1909), Margaret Tarrant (1908), Mabel Lucie Attwell (1915), W. Heath Robinson (1915), Harry Theaker (1948), Linley Sambourne (1885). A more modern illustrator is Anne Grahame Johnstone with her superb use of colour covering the entire page. However, for some (including me), the favourite has to be the illustrations by Jessie Willcox Smith (1916). The 12 colour plates are beautifully drawn and, for me, capture the real essence of a water-baby. At the time of writing we have in stock at Stella Books a beautiful copy of 'The Water Babies' illustrated by Jessie Willcox Smith. Submitted by Joanne Hill	Charles Kingsley
If you were a member of the 'Pumas' rugby union team, which country would you play for?	Charles Kingsley: A Biography hurch of England parson, novelist, Christian Socialist , Protestant controversialist, " muscular Christian ," poet, and amateur naturalist--stands importantly at the center of the Victorian age. Born on July 12, 1819, to Charles Kingsley, Sr., and Mary Lucas Kingsley, he counted among the early formative influences on his life his witnessing of the Bristol Riots in 1831. In 1832 he studied with Derwent Coleridge and in 1837 at King's College, London; in 1838 he matriculated at Magdalene College, Cambridge. He met Frances (Fanny) Grenfell, with whom he fell almost immediately in love in July 6,1839. In February 1842, Kingsley left Cambridge to read for Holy Orders; in July of that year he became curate of Eversley Church in Hampshire, which he served for the rest of his life. In January 1844, he and Fanny were married; in May he became rector of Eversley Church, and during the summer began corresponding with Frederick Denison Maurice , whose influence permeated every aspect of Kingsley's professional life and whom he addressed as "my Master." Kingsley moved onto the public stage in 1848 in response to the working class agitation that climaxed in the Chartist collapse of that year. As a result of his interest in the condition of the working classes, he joined with John Malcolm Ludlow, Frederick Denison Maurice, and others in forming the Christian Socialist movement. Although he published "Workmen of England" anonymously, he adopted the pseudonym "Parson Lot" for an article, "The National Gallery," which he placed in a new journal Politics for the People. He also used this pseudonym for a series called "Letters to the Chartists." Despite his interest in the problems of urban workers, Kingsley turned for his first novel to the plight of agricultural laborers. During 1848 he addressed their plight when his novel Yeast appeared serially in Fraser's Magazine. Two other works of note also appeared in this year: The Saint's Tragedy, Kingsley's only major effort at writing a tragedy, and "Why Should We Fear the Romish Priests?" Both of these works voice his early anti-Catholicism, which became a major theme of much of his writing and in the 1860s brought on his disastrous clash with John Henry Newman . In 1850 his sympathies are apparent in articles he wrote for The Christian Socialist, A Journal of Association, as well as in his tract Cheap Clothes and Nasty and his novel Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet, the latter two being denunciations of the sweated tailors' trade. Kingsley's debt to Carlyle is clear in this novel through his thinly disguised portrait of Carlyle as the character Sandy Mackaye, a thick-brogued working-class Scottish philosopher. Mackaye, like Carlyle, rejects physical force Chartism and teaches the youthful Alton Locke, as Carlyle had taught Kingsley, to oppose a social order based on competition and laissez-faire policies. Kingsley's Christian Socialist sympathies voiced through the pseudonym "Parson Lot" continued to find expression in print at least through 1851. However, in 1852 The Christian Socialist failed, and Kingsley's interests began to change. In that year, for example, he pilloried the American New England Transcendentalists in Phaeton; or Loose Thoughts for Loose Thinkers, and turned to historical fiction with the serial publication of Hypatia; or New Foes with an Old Face in Fraser's Magazine. Phaeton satirized Ralph Waldo Emerson as "Professor Windrush," whose teaching he characterized as "Anythingarianism." In Hypatia, issued in two volumes in 1853, Kingsley used as a setting fifth-century Alexandria shortly before its fall and took advantage of the occasion to give fictional expression to his belief in the providential character of history. The novel represents the clash of Christianity with Neo-Platonism as the first crisis in the history of Christianity. In it Kingsley portrays decadent Romans, effete Roman Catholics, sophisticated pagan philosophers, and vital Germanic warriors struggling for mastery as the world around them collapses. Setting his novel in the fifth century allowed Kingsley to attack from a distance nineteenth-century tendencies he believed were rending the fabric of English life. The fifth century was also, not incidentally, the period of the early church Fathers, that group so appealing to John Henry Newman and the other Tractarians. Thus, by critiquing the church of the Fathers, Kingsley also implicitly attacked what he considered destructive high-church tendencies in Victorian England. Historical subjects remained on Kingsley's mind. In 1854, for example, he published Alexandria and Her Schools, a work of popular scholarship which drew on materials he had read to prepare for Hypatia. But other issues had his attention as well. He published a volume of sermons, a consideration of public health matters titled Who Causes Pestilence?, and "The Wonders of the Shore" his first article dealing with marine biology. The outbreak of the Crimean War kindled his warrior spirit in Brave Words for Brave Soldiers and Sailors in 1855, and led most notably to his three-volume ferocity titled Westward Ho! As Hypatia had dealt with the first crisis in the history of Christianity, Westward Ho! puts before its audience a crisis within Christianity itself: the clash between Protestant England and Catholic Spain. Following the publication of Hypatia, Kingsley's high-church antagonists, led by Edward Pusey , had charged it with being an immoral book. When the Crimean War broke out and high-churchmen failed to support it with the enthusiasm Kingsley believed it deserved, he accused the Puseyites of siding with the Russian Orthodox Church. He believed they did so because, in the context, it was as close to Catholicism as high-churchmen could come. At about the same time, Kingsley read Hakluyt's Voyages, first published in 1582, and began discussing with his friend the historian James Anthony Froude the epic adventures of Elizabethan sailors. Kingsley believed he had located in the adventures of the great sailors of the Elizabethan age an heroic model for his own. Also, and importantly for Kingsley's career as it neared his clash with Newman, he found in Elizabethan materials the means by which to warn English Protestants of Catholic duplicity following the "Papal Aggression" of 1850 . Once more Kingsley found in a bygone age a mirror wherein Victorians could see the issues of their own day reflected, and once more he could attack them from the distance history provided. Kingsley's presentation of Roman Catholicism in Hypatia and in Westward Ho! very likely provoked John Henry Newman in 1855 to publish his own historical novel Callista. In 1856, Kingsley turned his interest in heroes and heroism to preparing a volume for children. The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for My Children is a retelling of ancient tales and indicates his growing interest in writing for children, an interest to which he would return in 1862 with The Water-Babies and in 1868 with Madam How and Lady Why. But in 1857 he returned to the contemporary Victorian scene in Two Years Ago, expressing satisfaction with improvements in the conditions of agricultural life since Yeast and exploring the chastening effects of the Crimean War on his physician hero. In this novel, which features a cholera epidemic, Kingsley also raised the twin issues of sanitation and public health . These issues increasingly occupied his attention. In the subplot he introduced the related issues of race and slavery in the United States. In 1858 he gathered his poetry into the volume published as Andromeda and Other Poems. The 1860s brought both deserved recognition and the climax of his dispute with John Henry Newman that had been brewing for years. Largely on the strength of his historical fiction Kingsley was appointed Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge in 1860; in 1861 he was appointed tutor to the Prince of Wales. The Water-Babies: A Fairy Tale for a Land-Baby, arguably his most enduring work, appeared serially in Macmillan's Magazine in 1862 and was published in volume format in 1863. The Water-Babies touches upon most of Kingsley's favorite themes: the working conditions of the poor, in this case those of chimney sweeps; education; sanitation and public health; pollution of rivers and streams; and evolutionary theory . In the central character's spiritual regeneration, Kingsley presents a vision of nature as the tool of divine reality, which Thomas Carlyle and F. D. Maurice had taught him underlies the imperfect human world. Viewing nature as governed by a redemptive spirit allowed Kingsley to remain untroubled by Darwinism. The year 1864 was noteworthy for the publication of The Roman and the Teuton, a historical study which both recalls his novel Hypatia published eleven years earlier and anticipates Hereward the Wake which began its serial appearance in 1865. All three of these works, presented either as fiction or as history, extol bluff Germanic strength at the expense of effete and treacherous Latin civilization. In fact, if one adds to the list Kingsley's earlier portrayal of Spaniards in Westward Ho!, one sees his consistent presentation of Rome's Catholic descendants as treacherous and effeminate and the pagan Germanic people or their English Protestant descendants as honest, trustworthy, and physically strong defenders of truth. For years, therefore, Kingsley had opposed nearly everything Newman and the high-church party at Oxford had advocated. Both Kingsley and Newman had smarted from attacks, Kingsley from the high-church party and Newman from English anti-Catholic Protestants who had distrusted him since before his conversion to Catholicism. Thus when, in 1864, Kingsley issued an ill-considered broadside in Macmillan's Magazine, asserting that "truth, for its own sake had never been a virtue with the Roman clergy . . . [and] Father Newman informs us that it need not, and on the whole ought not to be; that cunning is the weapon which Heaven has given to the saints wherewith to withstand the brute male force of the wicked world which marries and is given in marriage," Newman was offended. An exchange of letters ensued which resulted in Newman's pamphlet Mr. Kingsley and Dr. Newman: A Correspondence on the Question Whether Dr. Newman Teaches That Truth is No Virtue. Instead of letting the matter drop, Kingsley flailed out in his own pamphlet: "What, Then, Does Dr. Newman Mean?" A Reply to a Pamphlet Lately Published by Dr. Newman. In his pamphlet Kingsley foolishly broadened his charge: not only had Newman made a statement he denied having made and which Kingsley was unable to locate, Newman had also lived a dishonest life. Newman's response was The Apologia Pro Vita Sua. In 1865 Kingsley published his final novel serially in Good Words; in 1866 it was published in two volumes as Hereward the Wake, "Last of the English". Here, in a heavily researched and footnoted novel, he marks the passing of the Anglo-Saxon heroic age as the last Anglo-Saxon holdout against the Normans succumbs to William the Conqueror. Once again Kingsley admires mythic Germanic-English muscularity in sharp contrast with Continental guile. Although Kingsley contemplated writing other novels, he never did. Instead, he edited Fraser's Magazine briefly in 1867. In 1869 he resigned his Cambridge professorship, an academic position in which he had never felt comfortable. In 1868 and 1869 he published a series of articles for children; these were collected and issued in 1870 as Madam How and Lady Why: First Lessons in Earth Lore for Children. A tour of the West Indies followed in 1870, producing notes which became At Last: A Christmas in the West Indies in 1871. In 1872 he published Town Geology and became President of the Midland Institute in Birmingham. In the next year he collected a group of prose essays, publishing them as Prose Idylls, New and Old. In 1874 he published Health and Education and made an exhausting six-month tour of the United States. When he returned to England he was worn out. On January 23, 1875, he died.	i don't know
A camel with two humps is a?	The Difference Between One-Hump and Two-Hump Camels The Difference Between One-Hump and Two-Hump Camels Advertisement For years scientists believed that camels - like unicorns, mermaids, and the American Indian - were just a mythical creature used to market cigarettes. That was until scientists discovered the existence of real-life camels in the Egyptian desert in 1967. But seriously speaking, there are three types of camels, which are one-hump camels, two-hump camels, and camel cigarettes. I am only going to address the first two types. Dromedary is the name for one-hump camels. This type of camel is common to Africa and the Middle East. It was exported all over the world and is now relatively common in Australia and North America, where is has been used sporadically over the years as a pack animal. Dromedary camels are much more common than two hump camels and much less common than camel cigarettes. Bactrian Camels are much less common than dromedary (one-hump). Bactrian camels are native to the Gobi Desert in Mongolia. Aside from the obvious difference of the number of humps, Bactrian Camels differ in a few other key ways. For example, the Bactrian camel grows a thick coat of hair each winter. That coat of hair falls off every spring. This is to deal with the extreme variation of temperature in the Gobi desert where summer highs often top 100 degrees Fahrenheit, and winter months can see significant amounts of snow. In general, Bactrian camels are much more mild-mannered than their hot-tempered dromedary kin. (The Dromedary camel has a uniform length of hair year round.) Estimates for the number of Bactrian Camels in North America range from about 400-800 head. It is possible to cross breed the two types of camels. Some people would expect that by breeding a one-hump camel with a two-hump camel that the result might be a three hump camel. The actual math equation is closer to this: one-hump camel + two-hump camel=a camel with one really large hump. Due to lower numbers, and the higher regard in the eyes of breeders, Bactrian camels command much higher prices than Dromedary camels. by Cameron Hatch	Bactrian
The novels, 'On the Beach' and 'A Town Like Alice' were written by whom?	Camels: Facts, Types & Pictures Camels: Facts, Types & Pictures By Alina Bradford, Live Science Contributor \| June 3, 2014 02:52pm ET MORE A camel feeds her calf. Credit: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported \| Garrondo Camels are mammals with long legs, a big-lipped snout and a humped back. There are two types of camels: dromedary camels, which have one hump, and Bactrian camels, which have two humps. Camels' humps consist of stored fat, which they can metabolize when food and water is scarce. In addition to their humps, camels have other ways to adapt to their environment. They have a third, clear eyelid that protects their eyes from blowing sand. Two rows of long lashes also protect their eyes. Sand up the nose can be a problem, but not for camels. They can shut their nostrils during sand storms. Humans have used camels as a means of transport for thousands of years. They can carry about 500 pounds on their backs, earning these beasts of burden a nickname, "ships of the desert." Domestic camels are often the main source of meat, milk and even leather or wool products. Size Most camels tower above humans. A Bactrian camel, according to the San Diego Zoo , grows to a shoulder height of 6 feet (1.8 meters) and a body length of 10 feet (3 m). They normally weigh 1,320 to 2,200 lbs. (600 to 1,000 kilograms) when they are fully grown. Dromedary camels get up to about 6.5 feet (2 m) tall at the shoulder and weigh 880 to 1,325 lbs. (400 to 600 kg). Diet Camels aren't picky about what they eat. Their thick lips allow them to eat things that most other animals couldn't, such as thorny plants. Camels are herbivores, though, so you won't find them eating meat. Filling up on water, when it's available, is very important for camels. They can drink 30 gallons (113 liters) of water in just 13 minutes. Their bodies rehydrate faster than any other mammal. When there is little food and water, the camel's hump fat releases water; 9.3 grams of fat releases 1.13 grams of water, according to research by the University of Singapore . Camels can survive up to six months without food or water. Offspring After a gestation of 12 to 14 months, a mother camel will find a private spot to have her young. Female camels usually only have one baby, but sometimes camels have twins. The newborn is able to walk within 30 minutes, though the two won't rejoin the herd until around two weeks later. Camels become fully mature when they are 7 years old. Habitat The two types of camel are found in different parts of the world. The dromedary camel, also called an Arabian camel, can be found in North Africa and the Middle East. The Bactrian camel lives in Central Asia. No matter the type, camels are usually found in the desert, prairie or steppe. Though many people think that camels only live in hot climates, they do well in temperature ranges from 20 degrees F (minus 29 degrees C) to 120 degrees F (49 degrees C). Habits Camels like to stay together in groups called herds. The herds are led by a dominant male, while many of the other males form their own herd called a bachelor herd. Camels are very social and like to greet each other by blowing in each other's faces. Classification/taxonomy Dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) and the domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) were named in 1758 by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus, who only knew of the domestic variety. Wild Bactrian camels (Camelus ferus) were discovered in 1878 by Nikolai Prejevalsky, a Russian geographer who explored Mongolia and Tibet. For many years, the wild Bactrian was thought to be a subspecies of the domestic Bactrian. However, in recent years, DNA analysis confirmed that C. ferus was a separate species, the San Diego Zoo says on its website. The main difference between the two species is that the wild Bactrian has three more chromosome pairs than the domestic Bactrian. Kingdom: Animalia Genus and species: Camelus dromedarius, Camelus bactrianus, Camelus ferus Conservation status Camelus dromedarius at the Singapore Zoo Credit: Wikimedia Commons user Daderot The wild Bactrian camel is considered critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources . In fact, wild camels are one of the most endangered large mammals. According to the Wild Camel Protection Foundation , there are only approximately 600 wild camels in China and 800 in Mongolia. Other facts Camels have been domesticated for 3,000 years, according to the San Diego Zoo, and used for transportation, meat, fur, leather and milk. Camels can run at 25 mph (40 kph) for long periods. If their owner is in a hurry, they can kick their speed up to 40 mph (67 kph). The camel's hump is like a storage container. When camels use their stored fat, their hump will diminish. When they eat and drink again the hump will refill with fat. Camels have oval-shaped red blood cells that help continue blood flow during times when water is scarce. Camels are known for spitting on people. In fact, the animals are throwing up the contents of their stomach along with spit. This is a defense tactic when the animals feel threatened. The large beasts make a variety of moans, groans and deep, throaty bellows. One of the camel's noises was even used to voice the character Chewbacca in the Star Wars movies. Nina Sen contributed to this article. Other resources:	i don't know
Which US state has the largest population?	The United States Has The Largest Prison Population In The World — And It’s Growing The United States Has The Largest Prison Population In The World — And It’s Growing (Credit: Shutterstock) By Nicole Flatow Both in raw numbers and by percentage of the population, the United States has the most prisoners of any developed country in the world — and it has the largest total prison population of any nation. That didn’t change in 2013. After several years in which the prison population dropped slightly, the raw number of inmates in United States custody went up again in 2013 . More than 1.57 million inmates sat behind bars in federal, state, and county prisons and jails around the country as of December 31, 2013. In the federal prisons, more than half of those sentenced to a stints of a year or longer are still there for drug crimes . In states including Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, and Georgia, at least 1 percent of male residents were in prison on December 31. And across the country, racial disparities persist. Black men are six times more likely than white men to be in prison. Hispanic men are 2.4 times more likely, according to a Sentencing Project analysis of the data. This doesn’t paint the full picture of the U.S. incarceration system. Many have estimated the total number of U.S. incarceration to be more than 2.4 million. This is in part because another estimated 12 million individuals cycle through the county jail systems in a given year for periods of less than a year, and are therefore not factored into a snapshot on December 31. There are also other mechanisms of incarceration not factored into this figure, including immigration detention, civil commitment, and Indian Country facilities, according to a Prison Policy Initiative briefing . And a vastly greater number of Americans — 1 in 31 according to 2009 Pew figures — are under U.S. corrections custody either through parole, probation, or incarceration. One in three Americans have a criminal record, according to recent FBI estimates. But it’s not all bad news. In just the federal prisons, the population actually dropped for the first time since 1980. Some experts attributed this to decreased priority on marijuana arrests, as states move toward decriminalization or legalization, and federal authorities shift their resources elsewhere. The federal prisons are where drug offenders are serving many of the most onerous sentences for drug offenses carrying mandatory minimum sentences . And despite the first decrease in more than two decades, its population remains expansive. “These figures challenge premature and overly optimistic forecasts of the end of mass incarceration,” said Marc Mauer , Executive Director of The Sentencing Project. Just this week, a Congressional Budget Office analysis found that passing a bipartisan bill in Congress to reform mandatory minimum sentences, the Smarter Sentencing Act, would reduce prison costs by $4 billion in just the first decade. The Justice Department projected savings of at least an additional $7.8 billion in the second decade. The Smarter Sentencing Act would roll back required sentences for drug offenses that start at 5 or 10 years in jail and ratchet up quickly from there. It would instead allow judges to use their judgment to set an appropriate sentence, as well as retroactively eliminate an antiquated and racist disparity between sentences for crack cocaine and powder cocaine offenses. And some recent changes coming from the executive branch this year to attempt stopgap sentencing reform were too recent to have affected the 2013 population. At the state level, populations saw a drop over the past few years in large part due to court-ordered population reductions in California, where the U.S. Supreme Court deemed prisons so overcrowded that they constituted cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment. Now that California’s reductions have leveled off, the state population went up again in 2013, despite reforms in some states that are widely considered models for the federal prisons. Even some red states cited by U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder as having been leaders in some areas of criminal justice reform, such as Texas, saw slight increases in their prison populations. “The existing reforms can only take us so far,” University of California, Berkeley, criminal justice scholar Steven Raphael told the New York Times . University of Missouri — St. Louis criminologist Richard Rosenfeld noted that just thwarting the exponential increase in the population was an achievement, particularly at the federal level. Prior to this year, the federal prison population had spiked more than 790 percent since 1980. Local jails, which typically house inmates arrested but not yet sentenced and those sentenced for less than a year, also saw their daily population rise this year. The proportion of inmates held in private prisons actually decreased 3 percent in 2013, after a few states ended their relationships with private prisons entirely. Private prisons now house some 8 percent of the U.S. prison population. The industry, however, has more than made up for its loss in the prison industry with its share of federal immigration detention , and its entry into other criminal justice industries like rehabilitation .	California
If you were a nyctophobic, what would you fear?	Largest Capital Cities of the United States Largest Capital Cities of the United States Largest Capital Cities of the United States List of the Ten Largest Capital Cities in the United States Brian Stablyk/ Photographer's Choice/ Getty Images Share By Amanda Briney The United States of America is one of the world's largest countries based on both population (over 300 million) and area. It is made up of 50 individual states and Washington, D.C. , its national capital. Each of these states also has their own capital city and other very large and small cities. These state capitals however vary in size but all are important to politics in the states. Interestingly though, some of the largest and most important cities in the U.S. like New York City, New York and Los Angeles, California are not the capitals of their states. There are many more capital cities in the U.S. that are very large when compared to other, small capital cities . The following is a list of the ten largest capital cities in the U.S. For reference, the state that they are in, along with the population of the state's largest city (if it is not the capital) has also been included. All population numbers were obtained from City-data.com . The city population figures are estimates of July 2009 populations. continue reading below our video Test Your General Science Knowledge 1) Phoenix	i don't know
Heather Small was the lead singer in which band?	Heather Small (Singer) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News Heather Small Female Born Jan 20, 1965 Heather Small is a English soul singer, best known for being the lead singer in the band M People. Her debut solo album was Proud in 2000. She was also a contestant in the British television show Strictly Come Dancing in 2008. related links Wall Street Journal - Jan 25, 2016 'http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2016/01/23/blizzard-heres-the-weather-effect-on-the-economy-youre-not-thinking-of/http://graphics.wsj.com/weather-small-talk/http://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2016/01/23/blizzard-heres-the-weather-effect-on-the-economy-youre-not-thinking-of/http://graphics.wsj.com/weather-small-talk/http://www.wsj.com/articles/winter-storm-snarls-transportation-networks-across-region-1453574891?tesla=yhttp://blogs.wsj.com/economicshttp:/www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-metro-area-shu... Why Is Tv So Bad At Music Shows? Guardian (UK) - Jul 24, 2013 ' The only way a pop star gets on the small screen these days is via cookery programmes. Where are the new Top of the Pops and CD:UK? As two music pilots launch, we look at what is going wrong Music on television just does not work. If you ask around in TV circles, this is what people say. It is more than five years since Top of the Pops, CD:UK and Popworld all disappeared, two-and-a-half years since the BBC axed youth strand Switch, and six months since T4Â shut its doors. Simon Cowell, no ... Small Wash. School Closes Because Of Nice Weather NPR - May 04, 2013 ' Small Wash. school closes because of nice weather Â» E-Mail ThisÂ Â Â Â Â» Add to Del.icio.us ' Passion Finale No Longer In A Jam Lancashire Evening Post - Apr 05, 2012 ' Pop star Jamelia has stepped in to sing the finale at the Preston Passion after singer <mark>Heather Small</mark> pulled out due to illness. ' Learn about the memorable moments in the evolution of Heather Small. CHILDHOOD 1965 Birth Born on January 20, 1965. THIRTIES 1997 32 Years Old In 1997, Small performed on the "Perfect Day" record alongside a wide range of artists including Tom Jones and Lou Reed. … Read More The song was the official 1997 Children in Need charity release. It sold over a million copies and was the UK's number one single for three weeks, in two separate spells. Read Less 1998 33 Years Old In 1998, after M People's "Best Of" album, Small and the band took some time off to pursue solo projects. Show Less … Heather Small (born 20 January 1965) is an English soul singer, best known for being the lead singer in the band M People. Read Less Her debut solo album was Proud, which was released in 2000. … Read More She was also a contestant in the British television show Strictly Come Dancing in 2008.<br /><br /> Small joined her first group, Hot House, while she was still a teenager. She was the studio singer voice of the re-recorded version of UK number 1 single "Ride On Time" from Italo House Band Black Box. After a chance meeting with Manchester DJ Mike Pickering, formerly of Quando Quango, Small and her distinctive voice helped to sell over 10 million albums worldwide singing with his group M People. They had considerable success with songs such as "Moving on Up" and "Search for the Hero". Small has said that her major influence has been singer Elkie Brooks. Read Less In 2000, Small released her debut solo album Proud and a single of the same name, closely affiliated with the British Olympics team of the time. … Read More The single "Proud" was also used for the first season and the last chapter on the finale season of Queer as Folk. "Proud" is Small's signature song, with which she achieved international success. Read Less FORTIES 2005 - 2006 2 More Events 2005 40 Years Old When Oprah Winfrey was looking for a song to sum up the work she'd been striving to achieve over her twenty-year career, she got in touch with Small and the song "Proud" became the theme song to The Oprah Winfrey Show, and in 2005 Small made her American television debut on the show. … Read More Then in 2005 the song became the theme song for the American reality weight loss show The Biggest Loser.<br /><br /> A further single, "Holding On", followed and in November 2000 a duet single with Tom Jones, called "You Need Love Like I Do" (which can also be found on the 1999 album Reload).<br /><br /> Small then took taking time off to look after her son and to start recording her second solo album. She was occasionally seen on various TV programmes as Parkinson and Songs of Praise. She also sang three songs at the Tsunami Relief Concert at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.<br /><br /> In 2005, a second M People greatest hits collection was released. Ultimate Collection featured both the biggest M People hits and two of Small's solo singles. Small's solo song "Proud" was re-released from this album and reached number 33 on the UK Singles Charts. M People reformed and played together on an arena tour during 2005; they have played a few dates each year since. Read Less 2006 41 Years Old Small released a new single, "Radio On" in the UK on 17 July 2006 and her second solo album, Close to a Miracle was released on 24 July, followed by a second single of the same name, which was released digitally on 25 September 2006 and included a previously unreleased track, "Changes". … Read More The album was a commercial disappointment, charting for one week at number 57 with both supporting singles charting outside the Top 100. A short UK solo tour which followed in the autumn of that year was received well. Read Less	M People
In which county would you find the town of Banbury?	Heather Small - New Songs, Playlists & Latest News - BBC Music Read more about sharing. Heather Small Biography (Wikipedia) Heather Small (born 20 January 1965) is an English soul singer, best known for being the lead singer in the band M People. Her debut solo album was Proud, which was released in 2000. She was also a contestant in the British television show Strictly Come Dancing in 2008. This entry is from Wikipedia , the user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors and is licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike Creative Commons License . If you find the biography content factually incorrect or highly offensive you can edit this article at Wikipedia . Find out more about our use of this data. Show more	i don't know
El Al is the national airline of which country?	El Al Israel National Airlines \| Jewish Virtual Library El Al Israel National Airlines Tweet A mere vision in 1948, EL AL Israel Airlines today is one of the world’s most advanced and efficient airlines and the ultimate success story of international civil aviation. The birth and growth of EL AL can be directly tied to the dramatic and historical events responsible for shaping the State of Israel . The establishment of Israel as an independent state on May 14, 1948 paved the way for EL AL to become Israel’s national airline. In September of that year, the Israeli Government wanted to bring home its newly designated President Chaim Weizmann and his wife Vera from Switzerland in a stately manner. So, government officials chose a four-engine C-54 plane from the Israeli Air Force and named the aircraft “EL AL” inspired by the biblical phrase from the book of the Hebrew prophet Hosea , meaning “to the above” or more poetically “to the skies.” Hurriedly, the plane was painted with the name “EL AL” and “Israeli National Aviation Company” in both English and Hebrew with, most beautifully, the Israeli flag on the tail. The makeshift aircraft was decorated with furniture borrowed from the Israeli Air Force and the volunteer in-flight crew was from the Air Force as well. Meals were provided by a local kosher restaurant. Extra fuel tanks were fitted so that the aircraft could travel the 10-hour nonstop flight from Geneva to Israel . On September 28, 1948, the aircraft landed with President Weizmann , his wife Vera and an entourage at Israel’s Ekron Air Base near Rehovot (southeast of Tel Aviv ) to a military band playing Hatikva , Israel’s national anthem. By November of 1948, the new Israeli national airline became incorporated under the name EL AL Israel Airlines Ltd., with the Israeli government holding 80% and the remaining 20% held by Jewish organizations in Israel. The mission of EL AL was, and continues to be, to “secure and maintain a regular civil air link between Israel and the outside world in times of peace and war.” With Operation Magic Carpe t in January 1949, dozens of EL AL pilots and cabin crew participated in the airlift of almost 47,000 Yemenite Jews and 3,000 Habbanim Jews from the Arabian Peninsula to Israel. The aircraft had to be repainted, enabling EL AL to fly safely over Arab air space. To accommodate as many passengers as possible, EL AL replaced the aircraft’s seats with wooden benches. At the peak of the operation, planes flew around the clock to Israel , seven to eight flights a day on routes of 1,600 miles that each took about nine hours, which today would take about two and half hours. As they arrived in Israel , many of the Yemenites kneeled and kissed the tarmac as their dream to be brought to the Promised Land on “Eagles Wings” was realized. Following the great success of the Yemenite airlift, an even more massive rescue mission of Jews from Iraq took place, called Operation Ali Baba. In March of 1950, following Iraqi persecution of the local Jewish communities, the Iraqi government finally allowed Jewish emigration. Operation Ali Baba started in May of that year and continued through December of 1951. EL AL became the first visible symbol of a new life of freedom for 113,000 Iraqi immigrants. While these rescue missions were taking place, commercially EL AL operated its first trans-Atlantic charter flight from Tel Aviv to New York in June of 1950. That flight required four stops: Rome , Paris , Shannon and Gander, Newfoundland before arriving at Idlewild Airport (today JFK) in New York. With the arrival of the Lockheed Constellation aircraft named Mazel Tov (“good luck”), the airline finally inaugurated regular scheduled service between Tel Aviv and New York in April of 1951. Upon the outbreak of the Sinai War on October 29, 1956, every foreign airline immediately cancelled all flights to and from Israel . Only EL AL flew passengers in and out of the country. As many of the airline’s pilots were called to active duty by the Air Force , EL AL enlisted additional pilots to maintain passenger service and transport supplies from Paris to Israel , proving that only EL AL can be relied upon at any time to continue air service. As a result of EL AL’s actions during the war, the Israeli government recognized the added value of having a national airline and made a promise to build EL AL into a major international carrier by purchasing three new Britannias (four-engine turboprops). EL AL became the first airline outside of Britain to use this innovative aircraft. By December of 1957, an EL AL Britannia flew the longest flight by any commercial airline on the New York/Tel Aviv route with a flying time of 14 hours and 46 minutes, at an average speed of 645 kilometers per hour. In January of 1958, an EL AL Britannia broke its own speed record with a flight time of 7 hours and 44 minutes on the nonstop New York/London route. Just after the Britannia began flying for EL AL, the quickly approaching age of the pure-jet aircraft led the airline to order new Boeing 707’s. On the 707 maiden flight from New York to Tel Aviv in 1961, three world records were established: the fastest flight, the first nonstop service on that route and the world’s longest nonstop commercial flight. That year saw the retirement of the last Constellation aircraft, marking the end of the piston-engine era for EL AL. Once again, EL AL was faced with an enormous challenge, due to the outbreak of the Six Day War on June 5, 1967 between Israel and Egypt / Syria / Jordan , because so many of the airline’s employees were mobilized. Meanwhile, Israelis overseas and foreign volunteers mobbed EL AL offices worldwide desiring to return to Israel to help in the anticipated war. As in 1948 and 1956, every airline except EL AL immediately stopped flying into and out of Israel but EL AL continued passenger and cargo service. By 1970, the number of EL AL employees worldwide grew to nearly 4,000. In March of 1971, EL AL launched its first scheduled service to Canada . During the same year, EL AL also purchased two new state-of-the-art Boeing 747-200 jumbo jets for the nonstop New York/Tel Aviv route. The capacity was double the size of any previous EL AL aircraft. The 747-200 was the largest investment Israel had ever made for a single piece of equipment, costing $31-35 million each. That year, passenger traffic on EL AL soared by 40% as compared to the previous year. At this time, EL AL began the first scheduled nonstop service westbound from Tel Aviv to New York. On October 6, 1973 , the combined forces of Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in the early afternoon on Yom Kippur , the holiest day of the Jewish year. Again, all foreign carriers stopped flying to and from Israel and Lod Airport was closed to all civilian traffic. EL AL rapidly began ferrying Israeli nationals home while airlifting emergency supplies, medicines and vital materials. On the second day of the war, the interiors on all EL AL 707 aircraft were gutted and an emergency cargo “skytrain” operation began. EL AL pilots logged 180 hours of flying time in two weeks, an average of more than 12 hours per day. With only a quarter of the normal staff on duty to keep the aircraft flying, EL AL managed to maintain its regular flight schedule, again being the only carrier flying between Israel and the outside world. By the early 1980’s, EL AL introduced the King Solomon business class, logged the highest on-time performance record of any international airline and was ranked one of the top business class services in the industry. Within a decade, EL AL served 34 destinations worldwide with scheduled service to five more North American destinations, having added Los Angeles, Boston, Chicago, Miami and Toronto. On January 1, 1990, Operation Exodus beganand EL AL played a major role by airlifting hundreds of thousands of Soviet Jews to Israel . In May of 1991, EL AL assisted in rescuing close to 15,000 Ethiopian Jews from Addis Ababa. More than 300 EL AL ground workers, pilots and flight attendants worked around the clock over Memorial Day weekend to assist in the life saving mission. Dubbed Operation Solomon , one specially configured EL AL Boeing 747 aircraft carried 1,087 people (almost 2.5 times the normal number of passengers), setting an international aviation record. EL AL used 10 Boeing aircraft to successfully complete Operation Solomon . Three babies were born onboard with the assistance of doctors and flight attendants. After the Ethiopians heard the arrival announcement in the Amharic language that the aircraft was above Jerusalem , they began to sing “Jerusalem of Gold.” EL AL kept its promise to the Government of Israel that the airline will organize and operate a flight to carry immigrants from hostile countries to Israel within 12 hours notice. More recent humanitarian missions, in cooperation with the government of Israel , involved EL AL carrying 90 tons of relief assistance to aid victims in Indonesia and rescuing Israelis who were on vacation in Sri Lanka following the 2004 tsunami catastrophe. This took place even though there are no diplomatic relations between Israel and the two countries. Another mission occurred in September of 2005, when an EL AL 747 jumbo jet brought 90 tons of emergency supplies to a military base in Little Rock, Arkansas for the victims of Hurricane Katrina. In 2004, EL AL became a private airline. Even though the government of Israel’s holding decreased to less than 50%, EL AL continues to maintain its role as Israel’s national airline and displays the Star of David on the tail of every aircraft. A five-year plan to provide the highest uncompromised level of service to benefit customers, employees and shareholders was established. Part of the plan includes developing EL AL into a global carrier, implementing more sophisticated information systems, upgrading the in-flight product on existing aircraft, expanding the fleet and intensifying the full potential of EL AL human resources. EL AL has successfully accomplished these goals and is today an innovative leader in aviation. With a state-of-the-art fleet, enhanced in-flight services for every passenger and an expanded route network to more than 40 destinations worldwide, EL AL is the leading airline to Israel. EL AL operates the most nonstop flights from North America, including the only nonstop service from Los Angeles. EL AL is the only airline flying to Israel that has 3 classes of service. Premium classes are equipped with advanced new sleeper seats and passengers relax in modern new luxurious lounges prior to departure. A new code share agreement with American Airlines and partnerships with other leading domestic carriers offer EL AL passengers convenient flight options from dozens of additional cities in North America. With annual revenues of about $1.93 billion and carrying approximately 1.8 million passengers annually, EL AL continues to invest in its future while preserving its traditions. EL AL still remains the world’s only Shomer Shabbat carrier (not flying from sundown on Friday until sunset on Saturday). Embodying Israel’s values of innovation and care, passengers are met with warm Israeli hospitality, Israeli flight attendants who make you feel at home and the best trained Israeli pilots. Originally created to assist those in need, EL AL continues serving as a lifeline to the world, reuniting thousands of families and providing immigrants with a chance for a new life in Israel . Today we proudly celebrate 60 years of nonstop service as Israel’s national carrier. El Al Airlines annually runs special non-stop flights from New York 's JFK airport to Poland , in order for High School students to participate in the March of the Living . In May 2016, over 1,000 U.S. High School students flew with El Al to Poland to join 10,000 others in the March of the Living. These flights were chartered as part of the International March of the Living Education Programs, with which El Al has been a partner since 1988. Important Dates in El Al's History November 15, 1948: EL AL incorporated as EL AL Israel Airlines, Ltd. January 1949: Operation Magic Carpet, El Al airlifts approximately 47,000 Yemenite and 3,000 Habbanim Jews to Israel. May 1950 – December 1951: Operation Ali Baba, El Al airlifts 113,000 Iraqi immigrants to Israel. June 18, 1950: First trans-Atlantic charter flight from Tel Aviv to New York. December 18-19, 1957: EL AL Britannia plane accomplishes longest flight by any commercial airline, from New York to Tel Aviv in 14 hours 46 minutes. January 8, 1958: EL AL Britannia plane breaks world record for speed with a flight time of 7 hours 44 minutes on nonstop New York-London route. June 15, 1961: El Al flight establishes 3 world records on New York-Tel Aviv route: fastest flight, first nonstop service and longest nonstop commercial flight. April 29, 1973: Begins the only scheduled nonstop service from Tel Aviv to New York. May 1988: El Al sets record for longest nonstop flight on the Los Angeles-Tel Aviv route, approximately 13 hours 41 minutes. January 1, 1990: Beginning of Operation Exodus, El Al airlifts hundreds of thousands of Soviet Jews to Israel. May 24, 1991: Operation Solomon, El Al secretly airlifts 15,000 Ethiopian Jews to Israel. One flight carries 1,087 passengers – a world record. June 2004: EL AL stock opened to the public; Government of Israel’s holdings in airline decline to less than 50%. January 6, 2005: Privatization of airline completed January 22, 2016: First all-female flight completed Sources: Special thanks to Marvin Goldman, EL AL historian and author of "EL AL: Star in the Sky" and "EL AL: Israel's Flying Star"; Blumenthal, Itay. “El Al celebrates first-ever all-female cockpit,” YNet News (January 22, 2016)	Israel
Which Nottinghamshire town gave it's name to a New York airport?	Israel’s air travel markets benefit from liberalisation, but El Al is losing out to LCCs: Part 1 \| CAPA - Centre for Aviation Register to trial CAPA Membership! Israel’s air travel markets benefit from liberalisation, but El Al is losing out to LCCs: Part 1 CAPA > Aviation Analysis > Israel’s air travel markets benefit from liberalisation, but El Al is losing out to LCCs: Part 1 1-Feb-2014 Tweet © CAPA Israel ’s air travel market seems to be attracting attention. In recent weeks, there have been headlines about new routes from Vueling , TAROM , Arkia , Transavia , Jetairfly , Wizz Air , Yan Air , Med-View Airline , easyJet , Meridiana , Air Serbia and Air Onix; and increased frequencies by TAROM, Norwegian , easyJet, El Al , Alitalia , Lufthansa and airberlin . Following the signing of an EU -Israel open skies agreement in 2012, a factor in increased services from the EU, countries including Russia , the Philippines and Kenya are also considering developing new air services agreements with Israel. In addition, a security -related restriction on Israeli carriers operating to Turkey (one of the few major aviation markets outside Western Europe and the US that has links to Israel) looks set to be lifted. For a country of above average levels of wealth, as defined by GDP per capita, air travel penetration is also high, but lower than for other similarly wealthy nations. The Israeli market has generally seen healthy growth in recent years, but this has been uneven. Israel has significant potential for the airline industry, but its realisation will continue to be subject to politically-driven developments on traffic rights. Market growth is driven by international routes The total number of scheduled airline seats in Israel reached 14.7 million in 2013, according to data from OAG , an increase of 5% over 2012, when the number had dropped by 4%. Over the period 2003 to 2013, the Israeli market achieved compound average growth of 6% pa in the number of seats. This was entirely driven by growth in international markets (CAGR 7% pa), while the small domestic market contracted (CAGR -4% pa). Israel – total international and domestic seats: 2001 to 2013 Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation with data provided by OAG Europe is the dominant destination, followed by North America According to data from OAG for the week of 27-Jan-2014, 91% of seat capacity to/from Israel is in the international market. The vast majority of this international capacity is to/from Europe, with 43% in Western Europe and 35% Eastern/ Central Europe . North America is the next biggest region, with 13% of seats. In spite of Israel’s geographic location, less than 2% of international seats are in the Middle East market. Israel international seat capacity by region Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation and OAG The US is Israel’s biggest country market, followed by Turkey, Russia and the major Western European countries. This reflects the nation’s political, cultural and economic ties. Israel international seat capacity by country Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation and OAG Unaligned El Al is the largest of Israel’s airlines Israel’s three principal scheduled carriers are El Al, the national carrier with a main hub at Tel Aviv Ben Gurion; the privately-owned Arkia Israel Airlines , a largely domestic player, whose biggest base is Eilat Airport and which also operates from Tel Aviv Ben Gurion and Tel Aviv Sde Dov ; and Tel Aviv Ben Gurion-based Israir . Israel fleet by airline Source: CAPA Fleet Database El Al is the leading carrier, with 27% of seats, with Turkish Airlines in second place on 7%. Apart from El Al, the other two Israeli carriers are Arkia Israeli Airlines and Israer, in third and fourth place respectively. In spite of Turkish Airlines ’ relatively strong presence in Israel, Turkey has until recently prevented Israeli airlines from operating to Turkey for security reasons, although they will be allowed to resume services in summer 2014. Israel seat capacity share by carrier: 27-Jan-2014 to 2-Feb-2014 Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation and OAG The landscape changes a little in the summer. Schedules data for Jul-2014 shows El Al’s share of seat capacity increasing to 35%, Turkish Airlines being nudged down into third place, and LCC easyJet ranked in fourth place. None of Israel’s three passenger airlines is a member of one of the global airline alliances and 58% of capacity in this market is unaligned. The Star Alliance is the leading alliance in Israel, reflecting the relative strength of Turkish Airlines, Lufthansa and United in the country, followed by SkyTeam and oneworld . Israel seat capacity share by carrier: 7-Jul-2014 to 13-Jul-2014 Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation and OAG Tel Aviv Ben Gurion is the dominant airport Tel Aviv-Yafo Ben Gurion is the dominant airport in Israel, accounting for 87% of seats (week of 27-Jan-2014; this share is even higher in the summer, according to data from OAG). As might be expected, El AL is the leading carrier at Tel Aviv and the share of seats held by the leading airlines at the airport broadly reflects the figures given above for Israel as a whole. Tel Aviv’s schedule includes a higher proportion of premium seats than the global average. Although it has a lower percentage of first class seats (0.5% vs global average 1.6%), it has more business class (7.8% vs 4.5%) and premium economy seats (1.8% vs 1.1%). This perhaps reflects the relative wealth of Israel and the importance of its business sector. Tel Aviv-Yafo Ben Gurion International Airport schedule by class of seat: 27-Jan-2014 to 2-Feb-2014 Note: the axis is abridged; economy class continues to 100% Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation and OAG El Al is losing market share at Ben Gurion in the face of competition stimulated by EU-Israel open skies The share of traffic at Ben Gurion held by El Al and its charter subsidiary Sun D’or is on a downward path. It fell from 43.5% in 2005 to 33.6% in 2012 and dropped further to 32.4% in the first nine months of 2013 (source: El Al). It seems that foreign carriers, particularly those from the EU, led by LCCs , have been attracted by the open skies agreement between Israel and the EU. El Al and Sun D’or share of total traffic at Tel Aviv-Yafo Ben Gurion Airport : 2005 to 2012 Source: El Al Before its signing in 2012, El Al and the other Israeli carriers expressed their concerns about increased competition resulting from the agreement, which provides for a gradual liberalisation until 2017. The Civil Aviation Authority of Israel’s Director of Air Transport Ishay Don Yehiya was critical of El Al ’s initial response to Israel ’s open skies agreement with the European Union . He said: “We have really increased the level of competition, and we have seen El Al's response was not good. El Al has failed to do the necessary steps to compete, and to stay competitive. It will have to grow much more efficient, and it will have to do it now, because it's already starting to be too late.” (BBC, 20-Nov-2013). El Al’s competitive disadvantages El Al has an ageing fleet, particularly on long-haul, where it operates Boeing 747-400s (average age 18.6 years, according to the CAPA Fleet Database) and 767s (average age 18.4 years) and 777s (10.7 years). While its narrowbody fleet consists of Boeing 737-800 and 737-700 aircraft, with a slightly lower average age of 9.5 years, this contrasts with the much younger fleet of many of its new LCC competitors. Other features of El Al’s operations, such as a schedule that avoids the Jewish days of rest from sunset on Fridays to sunset on Saturdays, add to its competitive disadvantages. El Al made a net loss of USD18.8 million in 2012, after a loss of USD49.8 million in 2011. In 9M2013, its net result was a profit of USD29.1 million, compared with a profit of USD8.2 million in 9M2012. Its financial performance seems to be on an improving trend, but it may need to increase the rate of improvement in the light of growing competition. We shall consider El Al’s finances and strategic positioning in more detail in a separate report. El Al recently appointed a new CEO, David Maimon, to assume the role from 20-Mar-2014. Mr Maimon is currently VP commercial and industrial affairs, and will replace Elyezer Shkedy. As previously reported by CAPA, Mr Shkedy announced his resignation in Dec-2013. Penetration of air travel in Israel is less than in other countries with a similar level of wealth Israel is among the world’s wealthier nations; its economy generates a higher level of GDP per capita than the global average. According to seat capacity data from OAG for Jun-2014, we calculate that its aviation market has a higher number of airline seats per capita than the global average. Nevertheless, it sits a little below the trend line in a plot of seats per capita versus GDP per capita. Put differently, other nations with a similar level of wealth have higher levels of penetration of air travel. This is the result of a lack of traffic rights granting access to Israel under the bilateral system. The dominance of Europe and North America as the major origin and destination for international air traffic to/from Israel highlights the almost complete absence of connections to other regions of the world. Seats per capita (vertical axis) versus GDP per capita (horizontal axis) Source: CAPA – Centre for Aviation, OAG (seat data for week of 9-Jun-2014) LCCs are growing their share of international seats Restrictive traffic rights have also inhibited the growth of LCCs in the Israeli market in the past, although the EU-Israel open skies agreement is changing this. LCC penetration remains relatively low at only 10% of seats on international routes and no seats in the domestic market. This is up from 2% in 2008 and 4% in 2011, but comparison with the wider region suggests scope for further growth in LCCs’ share of seats to/from Israel. While LCCs’ share on Israel/international markets is similar to that achieved on routes to/from the Middle East region overall, they have a 16% share of seats within the Middle East. easyJet is the biggest LCC in Israel and almost every major European LCC, with the notable exception of Ryanair , serves the country. No LCCs from the Middle East or North Africa serve the country, reflecting its political relationship with its surrounding region. Israel LCC capacity share of total seats: 2001 to 2014* * Year to Month indicated Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation with data provided by OAG LCC Airlines based in or flying to/from Israel Wizz Air Source: CAPA - Centre for Aviation Ground infrastructure developments also appear to be welcoming to LCCs. Tel Aviv Ben Gurion International Airport has a new passenger hall for international LCC services in terminal 1, now the main terminal for LCCs operating to/from Europe. The Israel Airports Authority expects 55 international LCC services to depart from Ben Gurion every week over winter 2013/2014, compared to 33 during last winter. This is an increase of more than 66%. Israel still has more potential When announcing the launch of a London Gatwick -Tel Aviv service, to add to its London Luton and Manchester flights, easyJet summarised the appeal of operating to Israel: “The most striking finding [of our research] was the destination’s growing popularity with young travellers who viewed it as a relaxing, beach destination to visit. One of the reasons for launching new flights from London Gatwick is because Tel Aviv’s appeal as a popular leisure destination has been growing.” Tel Aviv is within five and a half hours of anywhere in Europe, putting it firmly in the zone of the pan European LCCs. In 2013, LCC seats on international routes increased by 70% versus 2012. As the EU-Israel open skies agreement gradually liberalises traffic rights further, and as European LCCs (and others) take more note of the attractions of the Israeli market, this LCC-led growth looks set to continue. Even Ryanair, notably reticent in pushing the sector length frontier that far, has asked for permission to fly to Israel and is reportedly considering both Tel Aviv and Ovda in the south. All of this has to be good for Israel's tourism and for the country's connectivity generally. But it is bound to maintain pressure on El Al to plot a way to long term sustainability. So long as Israel pursued a relatively conservative policy, El Al remained relatively powerful in its home markets; that is changing now, but it is less obvious whether El Al is equally able to measure up to growing levels of competition. Want more analysis like this? CAPA Membership gives you access to all news and analysis on the site, along with access to many areas of our comprehensive databases and toolsets.	i don't know
One square kilometre contains how many square metres?	Square Kilometers to Square Meters - How many sq m in a sq km? Square Kilometers to Square Meters Conversion How many square meters in a square kilometer ? Square kilometers to meters (km2 to m2) conversion table shows the most common values for your quick reference. Also, you may use the converter below to convert any other values. 1 Sq. Kilometer = 1 000 000 Sq. Meters Square kilometer is a metric system unit, used mostly in land measurement. Spelled as "square kilometre" in many countries. It equals to 100 hectares or 1 million square meters. The abbreviation is "km2" or "sq km". Square meter is an area unit in metric system and used widely in measuring the small lands, floor plans etc. Commonly spelled as "square metre" in many countries. It equals to 10.7639104 square feet. The abbreviations are "m2" or "sq m".	one million
In which country would you find the Interlagos motor racing circuit?	Square Kilometers to Square Meters - How many sq m in a sq km? Square Kilometers to Square Meters Conversion How many square meters in a square kilometer ? Square kilometers to meters (km2 to m2) conversion table shows the most common values for your quick reference. Also, you may use the converter below to convert any other values. 1 Sq. Kilometer = 1 000 000 Sq. Meters Square kilometer is a metric system unit, used mostly in land measurement. Spelled as "square kilometre" in many countries. It equals to 100 hectares or 1 million square meters. The abbreviation is "km2" or "sq km". Square meter is an area unit in metric system and used widely in measuring the small lands, floor plans etc. Commonly spelled as "square metre" in many countries. It equals to 10.7639104 square feet. The abbreviations are "m2" or "sq m".	i don't know
The Aborigines call it Uluru. What do we call it?	3 Things You Should Know about Uluru's Aboriginal Name Uluru-Ayers Rock: What’s in a Name? Many people ask us what is the Aboriginal name for Ayers Rock means. So we’ve written this page to not only help you to learn what the original name for Ayers Rock is, but also to dispel some of the myths about Ayers Rock’s original name. We often see information written on the internet about Ayers Rock that simply isn’t true. For example, I’ve seen websites stating that Ayers Rock is the heart chakra of the world! Until recently, Wikipedia’s entry claiming that Uluru means ‘island mountain’. I’ve even heard one ignorant tour guide at Uluru’s base spreading this ‘island mountain’ meaning to tourists. Not only is this untrue, it’s also offensive to Aboriginal people who have their own spiritual traditions associated with the Rock. So we want to make sure that you have the real facts about Uluru – and especially about the Aboriginal name for Ayers Rock. On this page, I (Amanda) will share my knowledge as an anthropologist and tell you the real story behind Ayers Rock’s original name. 1. Uluru: The Original Name The Aboriginal name for Ayers Rock is Uluru. Uluru is a Yankunytjatjara word. Yankunytjatjara is the name of the Aboriginal people whose land Ayers Rock is located on. Uluru is not just the name of Ayers Rock itself, but also of the country around Ayers Rock. Uluru is in fact the name of a large tract of land where a particular sub-group of Yankunytjatjara people (anthropologists call this an ‘estate group’) live. 2. What Does Uluru Mean? Uluru is first and foremost a place name. It does not have any specific meaning, although it may have some connection to the Yankunytjatjara words for ‘crying’ and ‘shadows’. As I really wanted to know what the word meant, I asked Senior Traditional owners, Reggie and Cassidy Uluru and well known Alice Springs historian, Richard (Dick) Kimber, about the meaning of Uluru. After a few ignorant comments on this post, I then asked several Yankunytjatjara people who are highly skilled language interpreters about the meaning as well. They all told me that Uluru was the name of the place, and that it had no specific meaning. I also read through the writings of Charles Mountford, one of the first anthropologists to live and work with Yankunytjatjara and Luritja people, and the books of Bill Harney (the first ranger at Ayers Rock). I consulted the anthropological work of Robert Lawton, who worked on land claims in the area during the 1970s. Mountford worked with Aboriginal people at Ayers Rock in the 1930s and 1940s. He records that Uluru is both the name of a Dreaming ancestor, a snake, AND the name of a rockhole that is a Men’s Sacred site located on top of the Rock. Traditionally, only initiated senior men could climb the Rock and visit this special site (this fact is often hidden from public knowledge, but is there in historical and anthropological records for anyone to discover.) Bill Harney arrived at Uluru in the late 1950s. He was told by the Aboriginal custodians of Uluru that it was a place name. Robert Lawton was the anthropologist who interviewed all of the old people for the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park Land Claim. He also established that Uluru was a place name. After doing this research and asking expert people, the evidence suggested that the Aboriginal name for Ayers Rock, Uluru, is indeed a place name with no specific meaning. Aboriginal people felt that the connection to ‘crying’ or ‘wailing’ was actually associated with ‘Yulara’, which is the name of the township where Ayers Rock Resort is located. There are several named places on the south western side of the Rock (near the Park HQ) which refer to shade or shadows. (The ‘ul-‘ sound refers to shade or shadow in several Central Australian Aboriginal languages ). There may be some connection of the word ‘Uluru’ to shadows or shade, however, the Aboriginal men I spoke with did not suggest this. So we can conclude that just as Niagara Falls is the name of a place, or London or the Amazon River, so too is Uluru. It does not mean ‘Earth Mother’. It does not mean ‘big rock’. It does not mean ‘island mountain’. (This is an error lifted from a description on a topographical map!) It does not mean ‘Rainbow Dreaming’ or ‘Heart Chakra Dreaming’ or any other New Age nonsense. If you are using my page as a source for your own webpages, please make sure that you don’t promote any of the myths about Uluru’s name. Feel free to use this information, knowing that it is the real truth. 3. One Rock, but Many Names and Places Another thing that’s useful to know is that there not just one Aboriginal name for Ayers Rock, but that Aboriginal people have named many of the individual features of Uluru, such as caves and waterholes, as well. For example, all of the caves, valleys, waterholes and even a particular place right on the top of Ayers Rock have specific names. Many of these named places on Uluru are sacred sites. Although Yankunytjatjara and Pitjantjatjara people consider all of Ayers Rock to be spiritually significant, they strongly distinguish between sacred sites and the rest of the Rock. The photo below is a satellite photo, and I’ve labelled all of the places names and sacred sites around the Rock. It’s important for visitors to understand the distinction between a place name and a sacred site. All Aboriginal people in Central Australia have a word in their languages that means ‘sacred site’. To an Aboriginal person, when a place is deemed as a sacred site, there are often restrictions on who can visit, when they may visit and the rituals and songs they need to know to visit such places. This means that some places on Ayers Rock may only be seen by initiated men, or by Aboriginal women. Places become sacred sites because Dreamtime beings travelled through, or performed some action, at that particular place and are still considered to be there, performing that action. Although Aboriginal people acknowledge that non-Aboriginal people want to visit their sacred places (and in Central Australia, most of the ‘top’ destinations are sacred sites), there are some places which they request that people stay away from. This is why that Aboriginal people at Ayers Rock request that visitors don’t climb the Rock, and in some places, request that photographs aren’t taken. So you can see that the Aboriginal name for Ayers Rock is at first glance, just a place name. However, Uluru has not just one named place, but many and these are often of great spiritual importance to Aboriginal people. Please Read This: Even after furnishing all of this evidence, we still receive comments and emails from people who do not accept that Uluru has no special meaning. We have recently had someone insist that an unnamed ‘elder’ at Uluru told her that the name meant ‘island mountain’. This person refused to believe not only the anthropological and historical evidence, but the evidence given by Aboriginal Elders with whom we have worked over a long period of time. This is deeply insulting, ignorant and ethnocentric. So, all we ask is that if you do not believe what is written here, that you seek out the original sources mentioned above. If you are very lucky, you may be able to speak with some of the true Elders at Uluru (they will NOT be tour guides or rangers – they are now all very old people in their late 70s and 80s). Lastly, if you’ve found this page interesting and useful, please share it via Twitter, Facebook or Google+.	Uluru
The Royal Armouries Museum is located in which English city?	Ayers Rock, Uluru - Crystalinks Ayers Rock Ayers Rock is also known by its Aboriginal name 'Uluru'. It is a sacred part of Aboriginal creation mythology, or dreamtime - reality being a dream. Uluru is considered one of the great wonders of the world and one of Australia's most recognizable natural icons. Uluru is a large magnetic mound large not unlike Silbury Hill in England. It is located on a major planetary grid point much like the Great Pyramid in Egypt. Ayers Rock is a large sandstone rock formation in central Australia, in the Northern Territory. It is located in Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, 350 km southwest of Alice Springs at 25 degrees 20' 41" S 131 degrees 01' 57" E. It is the second-largest monolith in the world (after Mount Augustus, also in Australia), more than 318 m (986 ft) high and 8 km (5 miles) around. It also extends 2.5 km (1.5 miles) into the ground. It was described by explorer Ernest Giles in 1872 as "the remarkable pebble".' Uluru is an inselberg, literally "island mountain", an isolated remnant left after the slow erosion of an original mountain range. Uluru is also often referred to as a monolith, although this is a somewhat ambiguous term because of its multiple meanings, and thus a word generally avoided by geologists. The remarkable feature of Uluru is its homogeneity and lack of jointing and parting at bedding surfaces, leading to the lack of development of scree slopes and soil. These characteristics led to its survival, while the surrounding rocks were eroded. For the purpose of mapping and describing the geological history of the area, geologists refer to the rock strata making up Uluru as the Mutitjulu Arkose, and it is one of many sedimentary formations filling the Amadeus Basin. Close Up Rain Age and Origin The Mutitjulu Arkose is believed to be of about the same age as the conglomerate at Kata Tjuta, and to have a similar origin despite the rock type being different, but it is younger than the rocks exposed to the east at Mount Conner, and unrelated to them. The strata at Uluru are nearly vertical, dipping to the south west at 85 degrees, and have an exposed thickness of at least 2,400 m (7,900 ft). The strata dip below the surrounding plain and no doubt extend well beyond Uluru in the subsurface, but the extent is not known. The rock was originally sand, deposited as part of an extensive alluvial fan that extended out from the ancestors of the Musgrave, Mann and Petermann Ranges to the south and west, but separate from a nearby fan that deposited the sand, pebbles and cobbles that now make up Kata Tjuta. The similar mineral composition of the Mutitjulu Arkose and the granite ranges to the south is now explained. The ancestors of the ranges to the south were once much larger than the eroded remnants we see today. They were thrust up during a mountain building episode referred to as the Petermann Orogeny that took place in late Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian times (550-530 Ma), and thus the Mutitjulu Arkose is believed to have been deposited at about the same time. The arkose sandstone which makes up the formation is composed of grains that show little sorting based on grain size, exhibit very little rounding and the feldspars in the rock are relatively fresh in appearance. This lack of sorting and grain rounding is typical of arkosic sandstones and is indicative of relatively rapid erosion from the granites of the growing mountains to the south. The layers of sand were nearly horizontal when deposited, but were later tilted to their near vertical position during a later episode of mountain building, possibly the Alice Springs Orogeny of Palaeozoic age (400-300 Ma). Despite current estimates of the age of the geological formations that comprise Uluru, however, the arkose sandstone which makes up the formation is composed of grains that are many different sizes and are jagged, and the feldspars in the rock are fresh and shiny. Flood geologists argue that this indicates a comparatively fast deposit, on the order of only a few years or less. They state that if the arkose grains had been transported more slowly they would be more rounded and evenly sorted, and the feldspars would have turned to clay in the intervening years. History Archaeological findings to the east and west indicate that humans settled in the area more than 10,000 years ago. Europeans arrived in the Australian Western Desert in the 1870s. Uluru and Kata Tjuta were first mapped by Europeans in 1872 during the expeditionary period made possible by the construction of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line. In separate expeditions, Ernest Giles and William Gosse were the first European explorers to this area. While exploring the area in 1872, Giles sighted Kata Tjuta from a location near Kings Canyon and called it Mount Olga, while the following year Gosse observed Uluru and named it Ayers Rock. Further explorations followed with the aim of establishing the possibilities of the area for pastoralism. In the late 1800s, pastoralists attempted to establish themselves in areas adjoining the South western/Petermann Reserve and interaction between Anangu and white people became more frequent and more violent. Due to the effects of grazing and drought, bush food stores became depleted. Competition for these resources created conflict between the two groups, resulting in more frequent police patrols. Later, during the depression in the 1930s, Anangu became involved in dingo scalping with 'doggers' who introduced Anangu to European foods and ways. Between 1918 and 1921, large adjoining areas of South Australia, Western Australia and Northern Territory were declared as Aboriginal reserves, sanctuaries for nomadic people who had virtually no contact with European settlers. In 1920, part of Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park was declared an Aboriginal Reserve (commonly known as the South-Western or Petermann Reserve) by the Australian government under the Aboriginals Ordinance. The first tourists arrived in the Uluru area in 1936. Beginning in the 1940s, permanent European settlement of the area for reasons of the Aboriginal welfare policy and to help promote tourism of Uluru. This increased tourism prompted the formation of the first vehicular tracks in 1948 and tour bus services began early in the following decade. In 1958, the area that would become the Uluru - Kata Tjuta National Park was excised from the Petermann Reserve; it was placed under the management of the Northern Territory Reserves Board and named the Ayers Rock - Mount Olga National Park. The first ranger was Bill Harney, a well-recognised central Australian figure. By 1959, the first motel leases had been granted and Eddie Connellan had constructed an airstrip close to the northern side of Uluru. On 26 October 1985, the Australian government returned ownership of Uluru to the local Pitjantjatjara Aborigines, with one of the conditions being that the Anangu would lease it back to the National Parks and Wildlife agency for 99 years and that it would be jointly managed. The Aboriginal community of Mutitjulu, population of approximately 300, is located near the western end of Uluru. From Uluru it is 17 km (11 mi) by road to the tourist town of Yulara, population 3,000, which is situated just outside of the national park. Kata Tjuta National Park is owned and run by the local Aboriginals. The Australian government handed ownership of the land back to the Aboriginals some years ago. Uluru has many caves, some decorated with rock art depicting Dreamtime myths dating back thousands of years. The Caves The caves in Uluru can be both engaging and enlightening. To truly experience the power of Ayers Rock, your journey should be more than a few hours. Take your time to absorb the history of the springs, caves, and ancient paintings throughout the formation and don't worry about running your business . The first Aboriginal settlers arrived there more than 10,000 years ago and created a historical journey that would be difficult to transverse overnight so the recommendation for any tourists traveling to the formation has always been to allow more time to absorb the area without being distracted. Mount Urulu Turned Violet Uluru went from red to violet on June 1, 2004, waterfalls on the rocks causing the color change. Ayers Rock was named for the Premier of South Australia, Sir Henry Ayers. It extends down over 3 and a half miles beneath the surface. Approximately 500 million years ago it was part of the ocean floor at the center of Australia. Some report that there is a light source emanating at various times of the year. Most likely this can be explained scientifically. The Aborigines believe that there it is hollow below ground, and that there is an energy source that they call 'Tjukurpa' the dream time. The term Tjukurpa is also used to refer to the record of all activities of a particular ancestral being from the very beginning of his or her travels to their end. Anangu know that the area around Ayers Rock (Mount Uluru) is inhabited by dozens of ancestral 'beings' whose activities are recorded at many other sites. At each site, the events that took place can be recounted, whether those events were of significance or whether the ancestral being just rested at a certain place before going on. Usually, there is a physical feature of some form at each ancestral site which represents both the activities of the ancestral being at the time of its formation and the living presence of Tjukurpa within that physical feature today. For the Australian Aboriginal people, that physical feature, whatever its form or appearance, animate or inanimate, is the Tjukurpa. It may be a rock, a sand hill, a grove of trees, a cave. For all of these, the creative essence remains forever within the physical form or appearance. Around Mount Uluru there are many examples of ancestral sites. The Anangu explanations of these sites and of the formation of Mount Uluru itself derive from the Tjukurpa. Most of these explanations are in the realm of secret information and are not disclosed to Piranypa, the non-Aborigines. 'The Dreaming' is not a creation myth, per se, but a myth of formation. The world existed, but was featureless. Giant semi-human beings, resembling plants or animals, rose up from the plains where they had been slumbering for countless ages. These ancient heroes roamed the land aimlessly. As they wandered around, they carried out the tasks that the present Aborigines do today including camping, making fires, digging for water, fighting each other, and performing ceremonies. When the heroes became tired of doing these things, Dreamtime came to an end. Wherever the creators had been active, some form of natural feature now marks the place. The creators made everything with which the aborigines are in daily contact and from which they gain their living. The heroes also established laws that govern all aspects, both secular and sacred, of the tribes. Dreamtime was in the past, but it is the Aborigines present religion and culture. The saying, 'As it was done in the Dreamtime, so it must be done today,' dominates all aspects of aboriginal behavior. Because of their beliefs in 'the dreaming,' ceremonies and rituals are held, stories are told, pictures are drawn, and daily life is defined. In order to understand the religion of the Aborigines, one must have a basic understanding of the organization of the tribes. All men and women belong to small groups, called clans. Each clan posses a distinct body of spiritual properties, or sacred sites. A clan may have several sacred sites that they claim, and the area surrounded by the connection of these sites forms the clan's estate. Clans are linked by common religious traditions, intermarriage, shared dialects, and overlapping foraging rights. Stone monument made by the heroic ancestors Clans people of the crow believe they are descended from the Dreamtime's crow spirit who became a man. Each clan has a totem. 'Totemism is a view of nature and life, of the universe and man, which colors and influences the Aborigines' social groupings and mythologies, inspires their rituals and links them to the past. It unites them with nature's activities and species in a bond of mutual life-giving, and imparts confidence amidst the vicissitudes of life'. The totem provides a tangible expression of a man's relationship to his deities. Everything in the Aboriginal world contains an essence or spirit that had its beginnings in the Dreamtime. Each person descended from one of these spirits and possessed some of its life force. The spirit it descended from is the person's totem. Images of totems make-up a large part of Aboriginal art. They were painted on cave walls, which we title rock art, drawn on the interiors of their huts, drawn on their bodies, and carved in wood. Totemic spirits are celebrated in ceremonies and rituals, and played a prominent part in Aboriginal myth. Myths, Legends and Aboriginal Traditions According to the Anangu traditional landowners of Uluru: "The world was once a featureless place. None of the places we know existed until creator beings, in the forms of people, plants and animals, traveled widely across the land. Then, in a process of creation and destruction, they formed the landscape as we know it today. Anangu land is still inhabited by the spirits of dozens of these ancestral creator beings which are referred to as Tjukuritja or Waparitja." There are a number of unauthenticated accounts of the Aboriginal ancestral stories for the origins of Uluru and its many cracks and fissures. One such account, taken from Robert Layton's (1989) ULURU: An Aboriginal history of Ayers Rock, reads as follows: "Uluru (Ayers Rock) was built up during the creation period by two boys who played in the mud after rain. When they had finished their game they travelled south to Wiputa ..Fighting together, the two boys made their way to the table topped Mount Conner, on top of which their bodies are preserved as boulders" (Page 5) Two other accounts are given in Norbert Brockman's (1997) Encyclopedia of Sacred Places. The first tells of serpent beings who waged many wars around Uluru, scarring the rock. The second tells of two tribes of ancestral spirits who were invited to a feast, but were distracted by the beautiful Sleepy Lizard Women and did not show up. In response, the angry hosts sang evil into a mud sculpture that came to life as the dingo. There followed a great battle, which ended in the deaths of the leaders of both tribes. The earth itself rose up in grief at the bloodshed, becoming Uluru. The Commwealth Department of Environment's webpage advises: "Many .. Tjukurpa such as Kalaya (Emu), Liru (poisonous snake), Lungkata (blue tongue lizard), Luunpa (kingfisher) and Tjintir-tjintirpa (willie wagtail) travel through Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park. Other Tjukurpa affect only one specific area. "Kuniya, the woma python, lived in the rocks at Uluru where she fought the Liru, the poisonous snake." It is sometimes reported that those who take rocks from the formation will be cursed and suffer misfortune. There have been many instances where people who removed such rocks attempted to mail them back to various agencies in an attempt to remove the perceived curse. In the News ... Flooding rains bring rare waterfalls to Australia's Uluru AFP - January 16, 2010 Heavy rains which flooded parts of Australia's vast desert centre have brought rare waterfalls spilling from the iconic monolith Uluru, or Ayers Rocks, officials said Saturday. The deluge, which swept across much of the continent's east after a tropical cyclone last month, prompted a wave of green in the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, home to the giant red rock. Uluru typically receives little more than 12 inches of rain a year, and January is its hottest, driest month, with temperatures topping to 45 degrees Celsius (113 F). Fireball at Ayers Rock NASA - June 28, 2008 A weekend trip for astrophotography in central Australia can result in gorgeous skyscapes. In this example recorded in March of 2006, the center of our Milky Way Galaxy rises over planet Earth's horizon and the large sandstone formation called Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock. After setting up two cameras to automatically image this celestial scene in a series of exposures, one through a wide-angle and the other through a telephoto lens, photographer Joseph Brimacombe briefly turned his back to set up other equipment. To his surprise, the ground around him suddenly lit up with the brilliant flash of a fireball meteor. To his delight, both cameras captured the bright meteor streak. Highlighted in the telephoto view (inset), the fireball trail shines through cloud banks, just left of Ayers Rock. Satellite Photo [Click and Drag] Face Book: Ben's Journey to Kaja Kutja - Journey into the the Valley of the Winds	i don't know
We know the golfer as 'Tiger Woods' what is his real first name?	What Is Tiger Woods' Real First Name? By Brent Kelley Question: Tiger Woods First Name: What is Tiger's Real First Name? Answer: What is Tiger Woods' first name? Everyone knows him as "Tiger," but everyone also knows that isn't his given first name, his birth name. Tiger Woods ' real first name is "Eldrick." I can find no source that explains why his parents gave him the name "Eldrick." There doesn't necessarily have to be a reason (such as Woods being named after a relative), of course, beyond it being a name his parents liked and selected. According to those baby name suggestion Web sites, "Eldrick" is of German or English origin, and is a variation of "Eldridge" or "Aldric." The original meaning of the name was "righteous ruler" or "sage ruler."	Tiger Woods
With the Olympic Games coming up in 2012, can you name one of the two years London has hosted the Olympic Games in the past?	Homepage \| TigerWoods.com TGR TGR is the next chapter in Tiger Woods' legacy. Led by Tiger's vision and inspired by his commitment to excellence on and off the golf course, TGR unites its namesake's ventures in a focused mindset, a precise method and an ongoing pursuit of mastery. Tiger Woods Foundation The Tiger Woods Foundation has reached millions of young people by delivering unique experiences and innovative educational opportunities for youth worldwide. As TGR's philanthropic arm, we champion breakthrough transformation and equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to exceed and any all expectations.	i don't know
What nationality was the actress Greta Garbo?	Greta Garbo — Ethnicity of Celebs \| What Nationality Ancestry Race by ethnic on September 10, 2009 Birth Name: Greta Lovisa Gustafsson Date of Birth: 18 September, 1905 Place of Birth: Stockholm, Sweden Date of Death: April 15, 1990 Place of Death: New York City, New York, U.S Ethnicity: Swedish Greta Garbo is a Swedish actress. Greta’s paternal grandparents were Johan Agaton Gustafsson (the son of Gustaf Adolf Gustafsson and Anna Lena Jacobsdotter) and Lovisa Andersdotter (the daughter of Anders Persson and Lovisa Johansdotter). Greta’s maternal grandparents were Johan August Karlsson (the son of Carl Johan Nilsson and Vendla Wenda Isaksdotter) and Emma Kristina Adamsdotter (the daughter of Adam Gabrielsson and Maria Lovisa Andersdotter). Source: Genealogy of Greta Garbo – http://www.geni.com profile by mooki	Swedish
A film star and cousin to two former New Zealand cricket captains, who is he?	The religion of Greta Garbo, actress The Religious Affiliation of Actress Greta Garbo Garbo was a Lutheran (a member of her country's Protestant state church, the Church of Sweden), as were most Swedes of her time. She attended church regularly when she was young. From an early age, Garbo was obsessed with becoming an actress. From the time of her mid-teens, Garbo was not active in any denomination, although she expressed strong belief in God. At times during her career in Hollywood she was deeply into the occult. From: Antoni Gronowicz, Garbo, Simon and Schuster: New York, NY (1990), pages 43-46: Above her bed... were pictures of many actors and actresses. Among them were Norma Talmadge, William S. Hart, Clara Kimball Young, Thomas Meighan, and others... Greta... wanted to share greater intimacy with the actors she admired. Now and then she could achieve momentary and vicarious closeness to her favorite actors by enjoying herself sexually as she hid under covers with her photos. If she could not perform with them on stage, at least she could act out a private and fantasized role with them. When her mother discovered what she was doing, she tried to reason with her. She suggested that she see a doctor or the pastor, but Greta refused... At last her mother decided to take more drastic measures. One day [she again caught Greta in the act]. There sat Greta, one hand holding a photograph and the other hand... Her mother grabbed her by the hair and pulled her down the corridor to the apartment, yelling, "You have to go to church! You have to go to church!" When they were inside, her mother started beating her with both fists. Greta made no response; she did not try to defend herself or run away... Her mother's anger subsided into exhaustion... she was afraid that her mother would tell Mrs. Wideback about her sexual "problems." Mr. Wideback would tell his customers, and eventually the whole neighborhood would know. So Greta found herself a new neighborhood barbershop job, and then one in a vegetable store on Gotgatan. One morning, on her way to work, she met Pastor Hjalmar Ahlfeldt on the street. He had confirmed her, and he always had a kind greeting for her. "Good morning. I see you are no longer working at Mr. Wideback's establishment." "Good morning," she replied, averting her eyes. "I prefer the smell of vegetables and fruits to that of men." "But I also see that you are not coming to church." "No. God left me because I am poor, and if I am poor I am not needed in your church." "Keta, Keta," said the gray-haired pastor, taking her by the arm, "I see your mother was right when she said that you are impatient and arrogant." "Please tell me what is wrong with me," she said. "Probably very little," he replied. "I know you want to be an actress. Just remember that the road to the theater or to the films will not be paved with fights with your mother." Greta listened to his wisdom in silence. When she had to leave, he gave her a little squeeze and said, "I'll try to help you. I know many people in various walks of life." She suddenly looked up and murmured, "If so, help me get a job at Bergstrom's department store." "You mean you don't want to be an actress, but a salesgirl at PUB?" Unafraid to confirm everyone's belief in her arrogance, she replied, "First, I have to have bread, and money enough to get my mother off my back. Then I can think about acting." "That's a sensible approach. The one thing I have against you is your sharp tongue--although you do not speak much--and your rude behavior." "Everyone tells me that," she said gaining confidence. "But for some reason everyone takes pity on me, promising everything and after that there is nothing." "You are right. You have to judge people by their actions." Pastor Ahlfeldt understood her, not only because she was simple and direct but also because her mother had talked with him about her many times. He had realized from these conversations, however, that Mrs. Gustafsson was primarily interested in sympathy and only secondarily in getting help for Greta. "Paul Bergstrom and his family come to my church regularly. I also see Captain Lrs Ring, who makes all kinds of films. Next Sunday I will speak to both of thema bout you. Maybe something will come of it." Greta turned skeptical. "Please don't bother yourself, Pastor. As I said, many people have promised to help me. But here I am. I can only rely upon and trust myself; even my father taught me to depend upon myself." "You know," said the pastor, "it's good to have strong faith in God and less faith in people." "A beautiful philosophy, Pastor, but where does it get me?" He let her arm go. "I think I have lost this argument with you. In a few days I shall let you know what I've been able to do. In the meantime, God be with you." Greta and the pastor politely nodded to each other and walked in different directions... the pastor decided to help Greta. Gronowicz, page 52: Despite the arrogance and distrust Greta had displayed toward him, Pastor Ahlfeldt helped her get her first bit part in films. He knew that her sister, Alva, was also interested in acting, and so he recommended both girls as extras in En Lyckoriddare (A Soldier of Fortune), directed by John Brunius. Each sister received twenty kronor, something like five dollars, for her work. More important to Greta than her salary was the discovery that she was extremely photogenic. Brunius assured Greta of this when he gave her a few dozen of the best prints, saying, "These could prove useful to you in securing future jobs in film."... In July 1920, Pastor Ahlfeldt found work for Greta as a salesgirl at PUB, Bergstrom's department store. He had spoken highly of her to Lars Ring, the retired army officer who was very active in the Swedish film industry and at the moment was directing promotional shorts for this huge Stockholm store. Captain Ring told the pastor that he would speak with his producer, Hasse W. Tullberg, about finding work for Greta in one of his films. [More.] Gronowicz, pages 57-58: "It is not my fault that he was looking for me at PUB. I was not looking for him." "I know that. Pastor Ahlfeldt was responsible for that. He wants you, your sister, and your brother to be independent; and he himself would like to take your mother to his home as his housekeeper and mistress." Greta was astounded by this revelation. She had neither the words nor the strength to respond. She stood like a dead, dried-out tree... Tears welled up in her eyes. Trying to hold them back, she barely prevented herself from collapsing to the floor. Aga continued to yell, "I know! I've checked and rechecked the whole story. I know!"... None of these things were her doing, she thought. She hadn't asked Lars Ring to help her, and she hadn't asked Pastor Ahlfeldt to help her. Both men had had their own motives for being interested in her... all kinds of thoughts came to her head about her mother and the pastor. She had very little feeling left for anyone. Now she understood the situation in which she found herself: her mother quarreled with her because she wanted to get rid of her. But why did she quarrelmore with her than with Alva and Sven [her sister and brother]? That was a mystery. Then there was Pastor Ahlfeldt, who, while pretending to be a man of God, was like any other man. Did everyone run after money and sex? It appeared so. Garbo's words (Gronowicz, pages 61-63): ...after I discovered that Mother was having an affair with Pastor Ahlfeldt, my attitude toward religion changed. I quickly lost the little appetite for holiness I had had. This trinity of father, mother, and pastor weighed heavily upon my mind. I started to develop feelings of disgust about sexual intercourse... I can use only one word to describe my sexual attitudes: confusion. Gronowicz, pages 210-244, 288-290, 335-336: Extensive details about Garbo dating and co-starring with Mormon actor John Gilbert (who Garbo frequently called "Yackie"). Garbo and Gilbert made many films together; she called their relationship a "great romance." Garbo's words (Gronowicz, page 301): My so-called jinx was widely discussed in the press and on the radio. All this publicity exhausted me mentally and physically and led me to astrology, occultism, and magic. I read books and magazines on these elusive subjects. Later, when reading alone could not satisfy my interest, I began searching out mediums, fortune-tellers, card readers, and anyone else with extrasensory perception. I struggled to solve the secret of my character and the reasons for my constant anxiety over my emotional and physical well-being. Very often I had nightmares about my father, about Moje [her boyfriend], and about a tragic, early death. I didn't have any one to whom I could talk freely, so I went to occultists, devil worshipers, mind readers, and those who occupied themselves with the summoning of spirits. Because I belieed in life after death, I kept trying to talk to my father and Moje. During my dreams I heard their voices--terrible, angry voices, warning me not to involve myself with any other men... The first person to notice my inner turmoil was Bill Daniels, probably because he was spiritually sensitive and believed in mysticism. He told me that reading Pirandello, the Italian mystical dramatist and novelist, would do me a lot of good. At that time this writer was popular in Hollywood among so-called intellectuals. Though I had gone through some of his plays before, now I read him with more care. I greatly admired his opinions on the arts; som of them I copied, while a few I even memorized. Pirandello's philosophy, with its deep supernatural overtones, expressed my thoughts better than I could express them myself. I had an absorbing interest in the reasons for the existence of man and in the peculiarities of character and behavior. I thought that by reading Pirandello I might find the key to my own existence. Systematically studying this Italian author was for me like taking a hot mental bath, followed by a cold shower. I felt confused, but somehow better. Garbo's words (Gronowicz, page 308): I have always believed that ever-present God wants us to be free people; but I also believe that he has decreed that great loves will turn us into slaves. So if I culd not choose between love for a man and love for a woman, I thought, I would remain free and spend my time pleading with God to help me achieve an important position in life. If I achieved that position, I would spend the rest of my life thanking Him. But instead, it happened that I became a slave to both sexes--not because I was afraid to make a final selection, though that task was painful, but because I could never be decisive... Garbo's words (Gronowicz, page 310): Sometimes I think that if I had stuck with Moje every one of our days, I would have saved him from ruin and an early death. But that is just idle speculation. I believe that whatever has happened, God directed that it should happen. Everyone has his road indicated by God, and he must follow it. We exist to go forward. God's hand directed me to Stiler, who molded me into a good actress and eventually a famous and wealthy one. If Stiller had not discovered me, I would probably have remained a simple Swedish girl. Gronowicz, pages 311-319: Garbo describes her relationship with Mercedes de Acosta, a convert to Buddhism. Pages 315-316: She started talking about her family; about her poetry and plays; about her marriage; and about her road from atheism to belief, from the first Christians to Saint Francis of Assisi, and finally to her vegetarianism, meditation, and Buddhism. I listened, spellbound... I thought that in spite of her eloquence, she was still looking for love and happiness, althought perhaps she gve them different names. But maybe I could learn something from her, if not about Buddha and sex, at least about elegance and vegetarianism... As I recall, Mercedes whispered to MGM officials that I should play Queen Christina, a role that she said would be my greatest achievement. Looking back, I can see that my relationship with her gave me not only new sexual experience and spiritual peace for a time, but above all the foundation on which to base my interpretation of this great queen. Garbo's words (Gronowicz, page 319): From time to time [Garbo's lover Mercedes] direced her invocations to the Virgin Mary, Saint Francis, Saint Theresa, or Buddha... I was confronted by a ticklish situation when Mercedes decided to accompany me to Europe. As delicately as possible, I explained that it would be very bad for my career if she went with me. Yet at the same time, with every passing day I felt myself to be under a satanic spell that she would use to mold me. Her response to my predicament was direct: "Your career is making a slave of you, and because of it you are unhappy and ready to sacrifice the happiness of others, especially those who love you. For you the only important things have become fame and money. Everything else is worthless." I was stunned by her judgment, but had enough strength to reply, "God accepts me as I am; so should you." "I'm sure you're afraid of being accused of having Sapphic inclinations." "You're riht. That would really hurt my career, because I always play women who are entangled in love with great men." She saw my logic, and she compromised by stating she would follow me on the next ship. I was rather pleased; I had not expected it would be that easy to escape from her clutches. Garbo's words (Gronowicz, pages 372-373): The reasons for my success, as I have said, were hard work and Moje Stiller. After his death I was in daily contact with his spirit, and before making any important decision I would talk to him as I would talk to God. Whenever I went to Stockholm, I would go immediately to the North Cemetary. I would place flowers in front of Moje's monument which Hugo Lindberg had erected. My inner consciousness demanded it... I would kneel and speak to him. When I would ask him for the hundredth time to forgive me for anything wrong that I had done him, he would reply, "You don't have to explain yourself. I understand you." He would give me advice, especially about taking care of my health and living long, because death is boring. When I visited Moje's grave in the fall of 1938, he was occupied with something more important than me. He said, "A whirlwind is approaching. They are calling me. I must go . . . I don't know if I will return. You will be by yourself . . ." He didn't finish. A wild wind shook the trees so violently that I was afraid they would fall on me. During the next few days I brought flowers and prayed, but no word came from Moje. I was left to myself in this world, perhaps because I didn't trust anybody, sometimes not even myself. Just before I began Two-Faced Woman, my mother was still alive but was in a state of physical and mental collapse. Her condition had a negative influence on me. I didn't have anyone whom I could trust, so I tried to get in touch with Moje. I locked myself in my bedroom with the same kind of flowers that I had brought to his grave, lit some candles, put Moje's picture between them, and knelt and prayed. Nothing came of this attempt. He didn't want to talk to me, although he knew I could not go to his grave because of the war. I could not understand his silence. So I started visiting mediums in Hollywood and Los Angeles. Nothing came of it. I had lost Moje and was losing money on mind readers and fortune-tellers. I was depressed. I also heard people whispering to one another around the MGM log, "She is crazy." Garbo's words (Gronowicz, page 412): [After her retirement from making films] Everyone was saying something different. There was talk of my "inauxistible spiritual assets" and, of course, of my physical beauty. I was compared to practically everyone in history, including Saint Francis of Assisi and Salome. Garbo's words (Gronowicz, pages 423-425): Throughout my life I have tried to base my moves on realistic calculations. Perhaps that was the reason that when I did follow my intuition I was sometimes confused and even made dreadful mistakes. I recognized the more beautiful and idealistic affairs of my life when they occurred, but I always continued in the same pattern of ultimate failure. I did not feel guilty about that, for I always placed the guilt on God, who created me, letting Him take full responsibility. Very often now I talk to God. I have to admit that I talk not only to Him, but to people who have gone to other worlds. Once when I talked to God, he told me in a cryptic manner like a general of the army, "Where it is difficult to find the guilty one, we should at least have one whom we can punish. Later we will look among the punished for the truly guilty parties and punish them doubly, while we will reward the innocent for their sufferings." ...God? Who is He? What roads does He travel? Why do we talk all the time about Someone whom no one has ever seen? True, I have heard Him many times, but I have never seen Him. Now, as I advance in age, His voice is becoming clearer. Yet I cannot allow myself to follow His voice, for if I do, I will not be myself. I would like to meet Him face to face, because I would have many questions to ask Him. Questions only He can answer, burning questions for me. He is supposed to be wise and just in everything. But why has He given to people the idea that the artist is inspired by God and that artists are cousins of God who try to make interpretations of His beauty? Why is the artist, more than other people, tortured by life? Is this the doing of a just god? Why did God create in me the desire to act? And why in film? Why did a wise God push me into the hands of Mauritz Stiller, who, as I look back, was most likely an instrument of Satan? I can remember what Stiller said to me: "For us film is a miracle created by Satan--the greatest miracle, which can capture human emotions and happiness faithfully, more faithfully than any other medium. And I am sure film is more suited for the art of depravity than for the art of godly justice." I am so confused now, because, though he was anti-God, it was through Moje [Stiller] that I became famous. Then he left me without reaping any reward for his work on my talent and on my spiritual and physical appearance. I was abandoned in this world like a corps of leaderless soldiers, like a tiger without a head. Yet other thoughts tell me that I don't need a leader anymore, that I don't even need a head. I have lost a belief in people, in a God who put me in this situation without replying clearly to my questions. I am floating on the waters of life without direction, without a goal, without the knowledge of why and how long. From: Lynn Haney, Gregory Peck: A Charmed Life, Carroll & Graf Publishers: New York, NY (2003), pages 7-8: Even by the wartime standards of the early 1940s, the nuptials were extremely impromptu. Greg [Peck] and Greta [Garbo] invited a ragtag group of friends to a Yankees game, the 1942 World Series, New York Yankees vs the St Louis Cardinals... Following the game, the gan repaired to the Palm restaurant on Third Avenue and feasted on $5 steaks. Wildly expensive. 'Ah, but that steak,' Greg recalled with relish. Then they paid a visit to Christ Church United Methodist on 71st Street and Park Avenue. There, a casually dressed minister named J Gordon Chamberlain, agreed to perform the service at short notice. (Now 89 and still writing articles and occasionally teaching, Reverend Chamberlain says, 'I was just four years out of the seminary and much was new to me.') The vows were exchanged at 9.20 p.m. in the men's lounge that was located in the path to the WC. Greg recalled: 'it was in the lounge where the men's club meets. We wanted it informal, not in the church. The minister was one of those regular guys -- didn't wear his collar backwards or anything.' (Greg was raised as a Catholic but since Greta was divorced, getting married in the Catholic Church was out of the question.) Although the only relative who attended was Greta's brother Paul, her mother sent them a lace tablecloth she made herself. Search Adherents.com	i don't know
'The Laughing Cavalier' was painted by who?	Famous Painters: Frans Hals and The Laughing Cavalier Famous Painters: Frans Hals and The Laughing Cavalier Tweet Frans Hals, along with Rembrandt van Rijn and Johannes Vermeer, were three famous painters who dominated the Golden Age of Dutch Art in the 17th century. Frans Hals, born circa 1581, introduced a vitality and expressivenesss not previously seen in portraiture. Of the 300 or so paintings he created, nearly all are portraits, typically of Haarlem citizens as individuals or in groups. Among his most famous artwork is The Laughing Cavalier, also called The Merry Cavalier. Frans Hals, The Laughing Cavalier. Oil on canvas. 1624. 33 3/4" x 27". The Wallace Collection, London. Here, the courtly soldier epitomizes Baroque gallantry and seemingly flaunts his amorous tendencies - his sleeves are ornately decorated with bees of Cupid and Mercury's winged staff and hat. The intricacy of the embroidery is juxtaposed by Frans Hals' broad, energetic brushwork in the cavalier's black sash. As in most portraits by Frans Hals, a fleeting moment is captured with immediacy. Fast forward three centuries to the 1920s, a time during which the three masters of the Dutch Golden Age were frequently imitated and forged. Noted art historian Cornelis Hofstede de Groot had devoted himself to determining which 17th century Dutch paintings were authentic, and which were created by followers or forgers. In 1924, he published a brief article titled, "Some Recently Discovered Works by Frans Hals", announcing his discovery of The Merry Cavalier. De Groot proclaimed it an authentic Frans Hals painting, after which the work was sold to an auction house. Shortly thereafter, the auction house claimed it a forgery and demanded partial reimbursement of the purchase price. Profoundly offended, De Groot stated that if he was wrong, he'd donate his personal (and sizeable) art collection to Holland's museums, further vowing "never to express another word, either in writing or verbally, about the genuineness of an unknown Frans Hals." The subsequent trial provided incontrovertible proof that De Groot had erred -- although Frans Hals died in 1666, the blue paint in the cavalier's coat was first available in 1826; another blue in the background was made in 1820, while the white in the collar was zinc white, only made after 1781. Furthermore, the canvas was attached to its stretcher with modern, paint-splattered nails, meaning that they were positioned before the painter began. In spite of this data, De Groot was steadfast in his conviction that he'd found an authentic Frans Hals work. Before the trial concluded and a verdict announced, De Groot - contending he was the victim of injustice - purchased Merry Cavalier for himself. The following year, he published a booklet entitled True or False? Eye or Chemistry?. Here he stated that a connoisseur's eye was the best determination of artistic authenticity, adding that scientific analyses were beside the point. "A forger could scarcely imagine a more welcome message", notes Edward Dolnick in The Forger's Spell. If you are engaged by the complexities of art forgery -- in the work themselves and in the mind of the forger -- I strongly recommend Dolnick's work, "a true story of Vermeer, Nazis and the greatest art hoax of the twentieth century".	Frans Hals
Which two colours make up the Greek flag?	Frans Hals The Laughing Cavalier painting anysize 50% off - The Laughing Cavalier painting for sale Our return policy is very simple: If you're not happy with Frans Hals The Laughing Cavalier that you made on PaintingHere.com, for any reason, you can return it to us within 50 days of the order date. As soon as it arrives, we'll issue a full refund for the entire purchase price. Please note - PaintingHere.com does not reimburse the outgoing or return shipping charges unless the return is due to a defect in quality.	i don't know
The crane Fly is often referred to as a what?	Crane Fly (Crane Fly or Daddy Longlegs) Crane flies are among the animals which cause the most panic in a bedroom, apart from probably spiders, that is. Attracted by the light, they fly in the window and start to flap against lampshades of the main light or the bedside light...apart from this they do no harm at all. Craneflies are merely large flies. They do not feed as adults, nor do they bite or sting. The female lays eggs in the ground, where the larvae feed on vegetation, sometimes causing damage by gnawing at the roots of plants. Crane fly larvae may also appear in thatch. They normally live in damp earth, and so it is only in old, damp, mossy thatched roofs that they can thrive. They themselves do little damage in a roof that has already suffered, but it becomes more serious if rooks or other birds discover this source of food and start to pull at the thatch in order to reach the larvae. These rather leggy flies, sometimes referred to as Daddy Longlegs, have a tendency for the legs to break off when handled. Many crane flies are only mosquito-sized, but all can be recognised by the V shaped suture on the thorax together with a lack of ocelli. Larger species generally rest with the wings extended: smaller species generally fold their wings flat over the body and often bob up and down on their legs when at rest, hence their alternative name of "bobbing gnats". The female abdomen is pointed for laying eggs into the ground or other materials. Some females are wingless and can be seen on house walls in late autumn. Adults may lap nectar and other fluids but do not feed much. Larvae live mainly as scavengers in the soil or decaying matter, often under water. The larvae, pictured above, are often referred to as "leatherjackets". Looking at the picture below that is of two craneflies mating, the female is recognisable on the right by her more swollen abdomen, this is because she is full of egss, as yet unfertilised. The abdomen tapers to a stylus like ovipositor, frequently mistaken for a sting. The male genitalia include a pair of claspers which grip the female genital valves but in order to do so the males abdomen has to be twisted through 180°.	Daddy longlegs
'The Ride of the Valkyries' was composed by who?	Crane Flies: Harmless Bugs With a Bad Rap \| Dengarden Crane Flies: Harmless Bugs With a Bad Rap Updated on January 11, 2017 Joined: 5 years agoFollowers: 291Articles: 36 5 Gardening the Easy Way: Finding the Best Fit for your Personal Lifestyle 7 months ago Crane fly—insect family Tipulidae—is often referred to as "daddy long legs," a term that also refers to two different species of arachnids: opiliones "harvestmen" and pholcidae "cellar spiders." \| Source A leatherjacket: larva of the cranefly. Cutworms. Beetle grub. Sod webworm. The crane fly, often called "daddy long legs", is one of the most misunderstood flying insects. Since it resembles the mosquito and is frequently found indoors, it has gotten a bad reputation as a harmful pest. Actually, these flying bugs are often a nuisance, but they do not bite nor do they spread disease. These "daddy long legs" are not to be confused with the common cellar spiders nor the arachnid opilones referred to as "harvestmen." There are two types which inhabit our homes and gardens: the European crane fly, Tipula paludosa and the common crane fly, Tipula oleracea. The two are visually the same except to the practiced eye of an entomologist. One distinct difference is the number of life cycles per year. Typically, the crane fly emerges as an adult in the late summer/early fall when it mates and lays eggs in the soil of turf grasses.The adults of Tipula oleracea also emerge again in the spring when temperatures are warm enough. Advertisement Larval Stage Crane flies as flying insects are harmless; however, in the larval stage, they can do damage to turf grass when populations are heavy. The leatherjacket, as the larva is known, does feed on the thatch and roots beneath our lawns where it helps with the decomposing of organic matter. Healthy lawns and environments that attract birds and wildlife can withstand this insect, but sometimes, with dense leatherjacket populations, lawns will exhibit unsightly brown spots with poor growth. How can you tell if you have a problem? It's important to understand that brown spots can be caused by a number of things including insects, poor irrigation practices, and fungal diseases. It is necessary to diagnose the source of the problem before trying to fix it. The application of soil and turf insect killers and fungicides should be done as a last resort since these things will indiscriminately kill all insects and fungi under your lawn, including beneficial ones. How to Find and Control the Crane Fly Follow these simple steps to check for a crane fly larvae problem: Choose 3-4 areas in your lawn for sampling. Observing the places where birds or wildlife are feeding can help you to pick likely spots. Measure an area approx 6"X6" and use a knife to remove a plug 3" thick. First, look in the hole for larva, then examine the mass you've removed. Larva will usually be visible in the root and thatch area. Pull the clump apart lightly. If it is easy to tear, it's a good sign that larvae have been chewing on the roots. Count all of the larva and multiply X 4 to determine the number per square foot. Repeat these steps in the other 2-3 locations. There are apt to be other larvae in your sod such as cutworms, beetle grubs, and sod webworms. Leatherjackets are distinctly legless. Treatment options: If your lawn is healthy, and you've found between 25 to 40 per sq. ft., you really needn't worry about treatment. Birds, small mammals, frogs, and subterranean beetles help keep the populations under control. If you've counted 50-100 per sq. ft., you may want to treat the lawn. There are granular insecticides and those applied through a hose-end sprayer. Most contain imidacloprid or cyfluthrin and target these pests plus a host of other soil and turf insects including grubs, fleas, chinch bugs, mole crickets, ticks, and ants. As an organic alternative, there are beneficial nematodes which are available for home delivery through www.tiptopbio.com . or other suppliers in your area. Advertisement A Word About Pesticides Try to avoid pesticides which kill our bees such as cyfluthrin and neonicotinoids like imidicloprid. Consider attracting birds and wildlife (the worm's natural predators) instead, or opt for organic controls. It may be a nuisance to find that raccoons and skunks have been grub-hunting in your lawn, but they are actually helping. Placing garden netting with lawn staples in these areas at night will dissuade them. They don't like to get their feet tangled in it. Remember to look at the larger picture. We share our environment with many other things, and the beauty around us is a product of a collaborative effort. Take the time to understand the presence of "pests" before attempting to eliminate them. They are usually minor inconveniences of short duration such as the crane fly which doesn't deserve its bad rap! © 2011 Catherine Tally by Linda Soaring Eagle Sarhan 3	i don't know

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.