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{"datasets_id": 594, "wiki_id": "Q23467724", "sp": 14, "sc": 1130, "ep": 14, "ec": 1768} | 594 | Q23467724 | 14 | 1,130 | 14 | 1,768 | Assembly (events promoter) | Assembly Roxy | the demolition of surrounding tenements in the mid 20th century. In 1969, it was sold to the University of Edinburgh, and used as an examination hall, under the name "Roxburgh Place Hall". During this time, it also served as a venue for the Fringe, under the management of the nearby Pleasance as "Pleasance Over The Road". The Edinburgh University Settlement charity, which owned the building, went bankrupt in 2010, and the building was bought by Assembly in a joint deal with restaurateur Malcolm Innes to become Assembly's first permanent Edinburgh home.
It has four performance spaces, including the 250-seater Roxy Central, |
{"datasets_id": 594, "wiki_id": "Q23467724", "sp": 14, "sc": 1768, "ep": 22, "ec": 115} | 594 | Q23467724 | 14 | 1,768 | 22 | 115 | Assembly (events promoter) | Assembly Roxy & Assembly Checkpoint & Brighton | and a snug bar in the basement. Assembly Checkpoint Plans are also being discussed for the permanent conversion of another of Assembly's Fringe venues, Assembly Checkpoint, into a year-round music venue. The building, a former church built in 1900, was taken over by Assembly in 2012. It is situated on Bristo Place, near the National Museum of Scotland. The plan is for live music events to be held on the upper floor of the Grade B listed building, which has been soundproofed. Brighton In September, Assembly run Brighton Comedy Festival, a curated festival, operating across five venues. In 2014, the |
{"datasets_id": 594, "wiki_id": "Q23467724", "sp": 22, "sc": 115, "ep": 26, "ec": 182} | 594 | Q23467724 | 22 | 115 | 26 | 182 | Assembly (events promoter) | Brighton & London | festival featured 140 acts across 16 days including Simon Amstell, Bridget Christie, Marcus Brigstocke, Jack Dee and Seann Walsh. London Assembly's London base is at Riverside Studios in Hammersmith. Riverside is currently under redevelopment, with a plan to reopen in 2018 will as a national live and digital arts hub. |
{"datasets_id": 595, "wiki_id": "Q4808670", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 533} | 595 | Q4808670 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 533 | Assembly Rowdy | Plot | Assembly Rowdy Plot Mohan Babu is a slacker who wastes time and loses every job he applies for. This outrages his father Jagayya, a newly transferred science teacher of his village. One day when Mohan Babu witnesses a murder and sees his mother Annapoorna have a head injury because of the goons, he takes legal action until he is framed for another murder. His parents beg the villagers to tell the truth in court as they are all witnesses, however the don who rules the village forces them to lie. Thus, Mohan Babu is sent to jail. His parents however |
{"datasets_id": 595, "wiki_id": "Q4808670", "sp": 6, "sc": 533, "ep": 6, "ec": 1084} | 595 | Q4808670 | 6 | 533 | 6 | 1,084 | Assembly Rowdy | Plot | manage him to get into politics and make him the MLA. Mohan Babu successfully becomes the new MLA, but this angers his opponent Mohan Raj, also revealed to be the don's boss. Mohan Babu later on arrests the don after he attacks his family. He also ends all of the don's schemes. Mohan Raj angered, kills his parents. Mohan Babu resigns as the MLA due to their tragic death, but still sees the end of the villains by killing them. Although, he is stabbed during the process. The film ends with Mohan Babu surviving and promising to protect everyone in |
{"datasets_id": 595, "wiki_id": "Q4808670", "sp": 6, "sc": 1084, "ep": 6, "ec": 1108} | 595 | Q4808670 | 6 | 1,084 | 6 | 1,108 | Assembly Rowdy | Plot | the village as the MLA. |
{"datasets_id": 596, "wiki_id": "Q4808679", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 289} | 596 | Q4808679 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 289 | Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples | History | Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples The Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples (Asamblea por la Soberanía de los Pueblos, ASP) was a political organization in Bolivia. It was formed as a "political instrument" of the popular movements of the country. Alejo Véliz was the national president of ASP. History ASP was founded at a congress in Santa Cruz de la Sierra in 1995 titled 'Land, Territory and Political Instrument'. Present at the congress were CSUTCB, CSCB, the Bartolina Sisa National Federation of Peasant Women of Bolivia and CIDOB. The congress had been convened by CSUTCB following a |
{"datasets_id": 596, "wiki_id": "Q4808679", "sp": 8, "sc": 289, "ep": 12, "ec": 456} | 596 | Q4808679 | 8 | 289 | 12 | 456 | Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples | History & Internal conflict | decision at its congress in 1994. The Cochabamba peasant leader Alejo Véliz became the main leader of ASP with Evo Morales in second position. Internal conflict From 1996 onwards, Evo Morales began to rise as a prominent leader inside ASP. Soon he became a competitor of Veliz. Internal conflict emerged between the followers of Morales and Veliz, evistas and alejistas, surged. ASP wanted to contest the 1997 national elections, but never obtained the registration of a political party at the National Electoral Court. Instead the group contested the election of the lists of the United Left. Veliz was candidate for |
{"datasets_id": 596, "wiki_id": "Q4808679", "sp": 12, "sc": 456, "ep": 12, "ec": 1124} | 596 | Q4808679 | 12 | 456 | 12 | 1,124 | Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples | Internal conflict | presidency and for parliament (on the proportional representation list). However, many trade unions decided not to support Veliz's candidature, accusing him of having manipulated the candidate lists of the United Left. Four ASP members of the Chamber of Deputies were elected from the Chapare province (the entire United Left group); Evo Morales, Román Loayza Caero, Félix Sanchéz Veizaga and Néstor Guzmán Villarroel.
After the 1997 elections a split occurred in ASP, and Evo Morales was expelled from the organization. In 1998 the supporters of Evo Morales founded the Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples (IPSP). Notably, the majority of |
{"datasets_id": 596, "wiki_id": "Q4808679", "sp": 12, "sc": 1124, "ep": 20, "ec": 132} | 596 | Q4808679 | 12 | 1,124 | 20 | 132 | Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples | Internal conflict & 1999 elections & 2002 elections | the grassroots supporters of ASP sided with Morales in the split. One of the prominent ASP leaders who sided with Morales was Román Loayza Caero, leader of CSUTCB. 1999 elections Ahead of the 1999 municipal elections, ASP had still not obtained any registration. Contested the elections on the lists of the Communist Party of Bolivia (PCB). In Cochabamba Alejo Veliz ran for the post of mayor and received 1.1% of the votes in the city. 2002 elections Ahead of the 2002 general elections, a sector of ASP led by Hugo Moldiz denounced Veliz and declared their support for the candidacy |
{"datasets_id": 596, "wiki_id": "Q4808679", "sp": 20, "sc": 132, "ep": 20, "ec": 148} | 596 | Q4808679 | 20 | 132 | 20 | 148 | Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples | 2002 elections | of Evo Morales. |
{"datasets_id": 597, "wiki_id": "Q65086399", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 410} | 597 | Q65086399 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 410 | Assembly of the People United | History | Assembly of the People United History The party was established in November 2014 by Nuno Gomes Nabiam following the April–May 2014 general elections, in which he was runner-up in the presidential contest. Prior to the 2019 parliamentary elections the party signed a coalition agreement with the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde. It went on to receive 8.5% of the vote and won five seats in the National People's Assembly. |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 661} | 598 | Q3163088 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 661 | Aster yellows | Hosts and symptoms | Aster yellows Hosts and symptoms Aster yellows affects a long list of plant species including native plants, ornamentals, weeds, and vegetables crops. The largest family affected is the Asteraceae, and ornamental plants commonly infected are asters, marigolds, coreopsis, and purple coneflower. Regarding vegetable crops, onion, lettuce, celery, and carrot are affected with the latter suffering the greatest losses.
The range of characteristic symptoms varies by the phytoplasma strain, timing of infection, plant species, temperature, age, and size of the plant. The symptoms can be mistaken for herbicide damage. They include vein clearing until the entire leaf becomes chlorotic, |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 6, "sc": 661, "ep": 6, "ec": 1314} | 598 | Q3163088 | 6 | 661 | 6 | 1,314 | Aster yellows | Hosts and symptoms | stunting, deformation, virescence (greening of flowers), phyllody (development of leaf-like flower petals), reddening of foliage, reduced root system, and sterility. Aster yellows does not typically kill perennial host plants.
Characteristic symptoms specific to the carrot include initial vein clearing and chlorosis, followed by production of many adventitious shoots, with the tops looking like a witches’-broom. The internodes of such shoots are short as are the leaf petioles. Young leaves are smaller and dry up while the petioles of older leaves twist and break off. Any remaining older leaves turn bronze or red late in the season. |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 6, "sc": 1314, "ep": 10, "ec": 423} | 598 | Q3163088 | 6 | 1,314 | 10 | 423 | Aster yellows | Hosts and symptoms & Disease cycle | Floral parts are deformed and roots are smaller, abnormally shaped, and have woolly secondary roots. The carrot roots are predisposed to soft rots in the field and storage and taste unpleasant to the consumer. Disease cycle The aster yellows disease is caused by the aster yellows phytoplasma (AYP) which is a phloem-limited, bacterium-like organism and is vectored by the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, a phloem-feeding insect of the order Hemiptera.
Phytoplasmas are small (0.5-1 μm in diameter) prokaryotes that reproduce by division or budding in the phloem sieve cells of the host plants, as well as the bodies of their |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 10, "sc": 423, "ep": 10, "ec": 1086} | 598 | Q3163088 | 10 | 423 | 10 | 1,086 | Aster yellows | Disease cycle | leafhopper vectors. Currently, AYP cannot be cultured in cell-free media, making detailed study somewhat more challenging. AYP has the ability to increase the fecundity and lifespan of their insect vector, thus enhancing the ability of the host to transfer AYP from plant to plant. AYP survives in perennial weeds, ornamentals, and vegetables. Some examples of weed host plants are thistle, wild carrot, dandelion, field daisy, black-eyed Susan, and wide-leafed plaintain.
The vector leafhopper feeds on the phloem of aster yellows-infected plants by inserting its straw-like mouthpart, a stylet, into the cell and extracting it. Once the phytoplasma |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 10, "sc": 1086, "ep": 10, "ec": 1673} | 598 | Q3163088 | 10 | 1,086 | 10 | 1,673 | Aster yellows | Disease cycle | is acquired, an incubation period follows in which it multiplies within the leafhopper and then moves to the salivary glands. At this point, the phytoplasma can be transmitted to a new host through the saliva as the leafhopper feeds. Within 8–24 hours after inoculation, the phytoplasma moves out of the leaf into the host plant phloem. Cells adjacent to the phloem enlarge and die while surviving cells begin to divide, but soon die, too. Surrounding cells in the region of the necrotic area begin to divide and enlarge, producing abnormal sieve elements, while the phloem elements |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 10, "sc": 1673, "ep": 14, "ec": 470} | 598 | Q3163088 | 10 | 1,673 | 14 | 470 | Aster yellows | Disease cycle & Environment | within the necrotic areas degenerate and collapse. Infected plants usually show symptoms after 8–9 days at 25°C and 18 days at 20°C, with no symptoms developing at 10°C. Environment Hardly any conditions directly affect the development of aster yellows, but a few indirect factors strongly influence the rate of transmission by the leafhopper. Conditions that favor movement and spread of the leafhopper and encourage feeding assist in the spread of the phytoplasma.
Transcontinental migration begins in the spring when the prevailing winds and jet streams help carry the leafhoppers from their overwintering sites in the South to the Midwest. |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 14, "sc": 470, "ep": 14, "ec": 1098} | 598 | Q3163088 | 14 | 470 | 14 | 1,098 | Aster yellows | Environment | Upon arrival in the Midwest, they begin feeding. The leafhopper may have migrated into the region already carrying the phytoplasma, which it could have acquired from infected plants along the migration or while still in the South. The leafhopper could have also arrived not yet carrying the phytoplasma. If this is the case, it could feed on perennial weeds that are infected to acquire AYP.
Weather conditions greatly influence leafhopper flight because they are poor flyers. Temperatures below 15°C or rainfall temporarily halt their migration and delay the time of infection. The leafhoppers then feed all summer |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 14, "sc": 1098, "ep": 18, "ec": 28} | 598 | Q3163088 | 14 | 1,098 | 18 | 28 | Aster yellows | Environment & Management | until they migrate back to their overwintering sites in the fall.
Weather conditions of the region also greatly influence leafhopper feeding patterns. If conditions are hot and dry plants do not appear as lush and nutrient-rich to the phloem-feeding leafhopper, whereas seasons with abundant rainfall allow the plants to have much more lush growth. This means that hot and dry conditions are less conducive to the spread of aster yellows than times of abundant rainfall.
In the Western United States, no migration of the vector leafhoppers occurs. This allows for transmission of the phytoplasma year round. Management Aster yellows phytoplasma is |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 18, "sc": 28, "ep": 18, "ec": 678} | 598 | Q3163088 | 18 | 28 | 18 | 678 | Aster yellows | Management | a difficult pathogen to control. Currently, no cure for aster yellows is known. Infected plants and weeds should be removed to eliminate that source of the phytoplasma and minimize spread. Unfortunately, this is the only control method that home gardeners have available.
On an agricultural level, speaking specifically about carrots, some methods can be used to manage the leafhopper populations in an attempt to control AYP spread. The aster yellows index (AYI) can be used to determine when to apply chemical controls. The AYI equals the percentage of leafhopper population containing AYP multiplied by the number of leafhoppers present |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 18, "sc": 678, "ep": 22, "ec": 205} | 598 | Q3163088 | 18 | 678 | 22 | 205 | Aster yellows | Management & Importance | per 100 sweeps. The resulting number can determine when to apply insecticides based on how susceptible the crop or cultivar is to leafhopper feeding. For highly susceptible crops or cultivars, an AYI of 50 indicates the need for application, while for intermediate crops or cultivars the AYI is 75 and for crops or cultivars relatively resistant to economically harmful symptoms the AYI is 100. Importance AYP is an economically important plant pathogen both in agricultural and nursery industries. A 25% reduction in carrot yield is common, with losses reaching 80% on occasion. AYP causes symptoms that make |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 22, "sc": 205, "ep": 22, "ec": 829} | 598 | Q3163088 | 22 | 205 | 22 | 829 | Aster yellows | Importance | the infected carrots unmarketable. In processed carrots, the presence of 15% of aster yellows-infected carrots results in a rejection of the entire product due to their distasteful flavor. The deformation of flowers and reproductive structures causes seed not to form. This can be a problem in crops grown for seed for replanting purposes, or for consumption, such as coriander or caraway. Root stunting can also result in loss of biannual crops over winter.
Similar problems arise in the nursery industry. Homeowners and landscapers purchasing plants do not want to buy an aster flower that is misshapen and has |
{"datasets_id": 598, "wiki_id": "Q3163088", "sp": 22, "sc": 829, "ep": 22, "ec": 1131} | 598 | Q3163088 | 22 | 829 | 22 | 1,131 | Aster yellows | Importance | the potential to cause the spread of AYP to other plants. This makes it critical for nurseries to monitor their plants to prevent initial infection of the phytoplasma. Insecticides can be used to limit leaf hopper feeding on nursery stock and as soon as infected plants are seen, they must be removed. |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 560} | 599 | Q4811031 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 560 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1879–80 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s 1879–80 Villa collected their first ever piece of silverware, the Birmingham Senior Cup in 1880. They defeated Saltley College 3–2 in the Final with goals from Eli Davis, William Mason and George Ramsay in front of 6,000 at Aston Lower Grounds (modern-day Villa Park).
Villa's first attempt to win the FA Cup came in the same year, but ended in controversy and confusion. Having defeated Stafford Road 3–2 in the First Round replay, Villa were drawn to play the then-successful Oxford University in the Second Round. Perhaps feeling that it was a waste of time |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 6, "sc": 560, "ep": 14, "ec": 170} | 599 | Q4811031 | 6 | 560 | 14 | 170 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1879–80 & 1880–81 & 1881–82 | spending good money on travel expenses for a match they felt they would lose, the Villa board took the decision to 'scratch' (forfeit) the game. 1880–81 In 1881 Villa departed the FA Cup at the Third Round stage. Their first ever official defeat coming against the same team against whom they had achieved their first victory in the competition, Stafford Road. They also defeated Hearts 4–1 in a "glamour" friendly at Wellington Road. 1881–82 This year saw several Club records being set. Howard Vaughton and Albert Brown became the first Villa players to gain international caps. They represented England against |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 14, "sc": 170, "ep": 14, "ec": 780} | 599 | Q4811031 | 14 | 170 | 14 | 780 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1881–82 | Ireland at Belfast. It was not a bad start for the 'Perry Barr Pets' either as Brown scored four, while Vaughton scored five in a 13–0 victory.
Vaughton was a dangerous inside-left for Villa throughout the decade, picking up a Cup Winner's medal before his retirement through injury in 1888. He also owned a silversmith's which still exists today in Birmingham's Jewellery Quarter, and was commissioned to make a new FA Cup trophy when the original was stolen while in holders Villa's care in 1895. No England player has ever bettered his record of five goals in one international.
It also saw |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 14, "sc": 780, "ep": 14, "ec": 1367} | 599 | Q4811031 | 14 | 780 | 14 | 1,367 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1881–82 | a significant friendly defeat against the famous Queen's Park club of Glasgow. While Villa were beaten 4–1, they learned from the Scottish club's innovative passing style. It was about this year that Villa began to wear what were described as 'maroon' shirts emblazoned with a large 'Lion Rampant' that now forms the central feature of the club's badge. The Lion Rampant was chosen by William McGregor as the club's emblem in tribute to his native Scotland, and also in recognition of the club's Scottish stars Ramsay and Archie Hunter. This was the first time the Villa kit had come to |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 14, "sc": 1367, "ep": 18, "ec": 448} | 599 | Q4811031 | 14 | 1,367 | 18 | 448 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1881–82 & 1882–83 | resemble anything like that worn by the team today. Throughout the 1870s they had worn a variety of kits, including all white, blue and black and all green. 1882–83 1883 saw an increased takeover by professionals in the English game with Preston North End, in particular, attracting and paying a number of stars (mostly from Scotland). This move away from amateurism was to prove an advantage for Villa, whose industrial Birmingham home gave them access to large numbers of potential supporters. This is turn meant they could afford to pay decent wages to players with the ticket revenue accrued.
The year |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 18, "sc": 448, "ep": 22, "ec": 210} | 599 | Q4811031 | 18 | 448 | 22 | 210 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1882–83 & 1883–84 | also saw Villa's longest run in the FA Cup. They beat Walsall Swifts, Wednesbury Old Athletic, Aston Unity and Walsall Town before a controversial 4–3 loss to Notts County. A County player appeared to punch the ball off the line in the dying stages, but the referee was unmoved. The beaten Walsall Swifts and Walsall Town would later merge to make the present-day Walsall FC. 1883–84 After victories over Walsall Swifts, Stafford Road and Wednesbury Old Athletic (7–4), Villa were given their first FA Cup game that would mean having to travel outside the Midlands. They travelled to Glasgow to |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 22, "sc": 210, "ep": 30, "ec": 140} | 599 | Q4811031 | 22 | 210 | 30 | 140 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1883–84 & 1884–85 & 1885–86 | play Queen's Park. At the time, Scottish clubs regularly entered the 'English' FA Cup. After another large defeat 6–1, the Villa committee decided to change the playing style. At this time, before managers or coaches, committees picked the team. For the first time, Villa would now use two backs rather than one. 1884–85 The 1885 FA Cup saw Villa's first encounter with the West Bromwich Albion. Villa lost 3–0 in their Third Round Replay. 1885–86 This year saw Villa's most modest Cup performance since their first effort to win the trophy, in 1880. Villa were beaten in the Second Round |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 30, "sc": 140, "ep": 34, "ec": 589} | 599 | Q4811031 | 30 | 140 | 34 | 589 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1885–86 & 1886–87 | by Derby County. 1886–87 Villa started their road to The Oval (then the home of FA Cup finals) with a club record 13–0 victory over Wednesbury Old Athletic that still stands today. After Derby Midland were beaten (6–1) Villa needed four matches (three replays) to defeat Wolverhampton Wanderers. A bye in the Fourth Round added to victories over Horncastle and Darwen meant that Villa were set for their first Semi-Final, against Scottish giants Rangers, to be played at Crewe.
In a bid to win the trophy, the Scottish FA allowed Rangers to borrow players from other clubs. Consequently, stars from Queen's |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 34, "sc": 589, "ep": 34, "ec": 1216} | 599 | Q4811031 | 34 | 589 | 34 | 1,216 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1886–87 | Park and Hibernian were amongst the eleven that lined up to face Villa. However Villa won 3–1 to reach their first FA Cup final.
The Final pitted Villa against local rivals West Bromwich Albion. With Albion installed as favourites, thousands travelled from Birmingham and the Black Country to watch the game. Winger Dennis Hodgetts opened the scoring for Villa in bizarre circumstances. The Albion keeper didn't bother to prevent the ball going into the net, as he believed, wrongly, that Hodgetts was offside. The legendary Archie Hunter added Villa's second. He prodded the ball over the goal-line while lying on the |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 34, "sc": 1216, "ep": 34, "ec": 1909} | 599 | Q4811031 | 34 | 1,216 | 34 | 1,909 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1886–87 | floor following a deliberate collision with the West Brom goalkeeper. Such 'attacks' on goalies were legal and commonplace back then. After a goalless second half, Hunter received the trophy, and with it the distinction of being Villa's first FA Cup winning captain.
Villa's team in their first FA Cup Final was as follows- Jimmy Warner (goalkeeper); Frank Coulton, Joseph Simmonds (backs), John Burton, Frankie Dawson, Harry Yates (centre/wing-halves), Richmond Davis, Albert Brown, Archie Hunter (c), Howard Vaughton, Dennis Hodgetts (forwards).
To add gloss to their victory Villa took on, and defeated, Scottish Cup winners Hibs the following Saturday. They could now make |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 34, "sc": 1909, "ep": 38, "ec": 542} | 599 | Q4811031 | 34 | 1,909 | 38 | 542 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1886–87 & 1887–88 | a legitimate claim to being 'best club in the World'. 1887–88 The following year was not as successful. With competitive football at a premium, William McGregor (Villa's President) sought to create a competition involving regular matches and wrote to the leading clubs of the time (all based in the North of England and the Midlands).
After some discussion the clubs agreed to set up a twelve team league. Each club would play the other home and away, for a total of twenty-two matches each. Villa were to be joined in the inaugural competition by Stoke, Wolves, West Brom, Notts County, Burnley, |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 38, "sc": 542, "ep": 38, "ec": 1186} | 599 | Q4811031 | 38 | 542 | 38 | 1,186 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1887–88 | Blackburn Rovers, Derby County, Bolton Wanderers, Everton, Accrington (no relation to the present-day Accrington Stanley) and Preston North End. The league was never styled 'the English League' as McGregor envisioned that Scottish clubs would one day wish to join.
Meanwhile, in Villa's last pre-league FA Cup campaign, they reached the Fifth Round, beating Small Heath 4–0 on the way. This was their first meeting with modern rivals Birmingham City. Preston were a fine side and the match was billed as a clash between England's best teams. This prompted a then-record crowd of 27,000, which the police had some difficulty keeping off |
{"datasets_id": 599, "wiki_id": "Q4811031", "sp": 38, "sc": 1186, "ep": 42, "ec": 237} | 599 | Q4811031 | 38 | 1,186 | 42 | 237 | Aston Villa F.C. in the 1880s | 1887–88 & 1888–89 | the pitch. With Preston leading 3–1 and chaos in the stadium, the clubs tried to calm things down by declaring the match a 'friendly'. However, the FA overruled the decision and decided that the result would stand. Villa, the holders, were out. 1888–89 Villa finished as runners-up to Preston's 'Invincibles' double-winning team in their first league season. Ignominy was suffered in the FA Cup, however, as Villa lost 8-1 to Blackburn Rovers. This still remains their heaviest ever defeat. |
{"datasets_id": 600, "wiki_id": "Q61772677", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 355} | 600 | Q61772677 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 355 | Astrit Ziu | Career | Astrit Ziu Career Ziu made his debut for Albania on 13 December 1970 in a UEFA Euro 1972 qualifying match against Turkey, in which he scored Albania's only goal in the 1–2 loss. He went on to make six appearances, scoring one goal, before making his last appearance on 21 June 1972 in a 1974 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Finland, which finished as a 0–1 loss. |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 585} | 601 | Q2453076 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 585 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Background and recording | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) Background and recording Duran Duran originally announced a reunion of the most famous five members in 2001, and began writing new music together in the south of France. They continued to write and record intermittently, working hard for a few months at a time, throughout 2002 and 2003. The band's friend Nile Rodgers did preliminary production work on several tracks.
Meanwhile, the search for a record label went on, complicated by the band's desire for independence, control, strong promotional support and a commitment for more than one album at the same time that the reportedly cash-strapped and |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 6, "sc": 585, "ep": 6, "ec": 1218} | 601 | Q2453076 | 6 | 585 | 6 | 1,218 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Background and recording | risk-averse recording industry was unwilling to gamble on the "leftover fame" of a band best known for a series of 20-year-old hits.
The band, frustrated and with nearly thirty new songs approaching completion, set out on a world tour in 2003 to show that the band still had drawing power. The sold-out dates in Japan, America, the United Kingdom and Australia and New Zealand — and the nearly delirious news coverage that followed the reunited band — warmed the record labels to the possibilities. The new songs "Sunrise", "Still Breathing", "Virus", "Beautiful Colours" and "What Happens Tomorrow" were played during these |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 6, "sc": 1218, "ep": 6, "ec": 1812} | 601 | Q2453076 | 6 | 1,218 | 6 | 1,812 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Background and recording | concerts; John Taylor also played a demo recording of "What Happens Tomorrow" on the air at Los Angeles radio station STAR 98.7 in May 2003.
During this period, a "teaser CD" with short demo versions of a few of the unfinished songs (used to demonstrate the new work to potential labels and producers) was leaked to the Internet and quickly copied throughout the band's fan base. The songs were "Virus", "Sunrise", "TV vs. Radio", "Taste the Summer", "Salt in the Rainbow", and "Pretty Ones". The band was very unhappy about the leak, and with the exception of "Sunrise" (which became |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 6, "sc": 1812, "ep": 6, "ec": 2400} | 601 | Q2453076 | 6 | 1,812 | 6 | 2,400 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Background and recording | the first single) and "Taste the Summer", the leaked songs were not included in the final track listing for the album. Jason Nevins also remixed "Virus", which was not released as a single. (The Jason Nevins version of "Virus" later appeared as a bonus track on a Japanese release of Astronaut).
A remix of "Sunrise" by Jason Nevins was included on the Queer Eye for the Straight Guy soundtrack in February; it received a warm reception by DJs anticipating new work from Duran Duran, but the song was not released as a single from the soundtrack. The band has generally performed |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 6, "sc": 2400, "ep": 10, "ec": 42} | 601 | Q2453076 | 6 | 2,400 | 10 | 42 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Background and recording & Label negotiations | the Jason Nevins version live in concert. The main version of the CD incorporates tracks from Jason Nevins' production, to which he is credited on the album's liner notes.
In March, the band donated "Beautiful Colours" to FIFA, the international governing body for football, to use as its Centennial song. At the awards ceremony for the FIFA 100, honouring the top living footballers, a video of top moments in the sport was accompanied by the song. However, the song would not be one of those that made the final version of the album. Label negotiations After lengthy negotiations the band signed |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 10, "sc": 42, "ep": 10, "ec": 669} | 601 | Q2453076 | 10 | 42 | 10 | 669 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Label negotiations | a four-album deal with Epic Records (a subsidiary of Sony BMG Music Entertainment) in June 2004. The songs were given a final polishing with producer Don Gilmore at Sphere Studios in London, and then mixed by Jeremy Wheatley throughout June and July 2004. R&B producer Dallas Austin produced three tracks on the album, and Nile Rodgers' early production work remains on another three.
Limited copies of the new album were released with a bonus DVD which included 45 minutes of live and behind-the-scenes footage from Wembley Arena, recorded in April 2004. The CD/DVD set came in DVD-sized packaging and European copies |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 10, "sc": 669, "ep": 10, "ec": 1331} | 601 | Q2453076 | 10 | 669 | 10 | 1,331 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Label negotiations | bore copy protection, a holdover from the BMG days.
A worldwide media tour accompanied the September 2004 release of the first single, "(Reach Up For The) Sunrise", with more surrounding the release of Astronaut in October. The pace became too hectic for guitarist Andy Taylor, and in November Duran Duran announced he was suffering from exhaustion and flu, and would not be participating in band promotion until January 2005. The remaining four members continued with television appearances, and a stand-in guitarist, Dominic Brown, was hired for the scheduled radio station Christmas concerts in December. Subsequently, January concert dates in Japan |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 10, "sc": 1331, "ep": 14, "ec": 442} | 601 | Q2453076 | 10 | 1,331 | 14 | 442 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Label negotiations & Commercial performance | had to be postponed until the summer, after drummer Roger Taylor broke a bone in his right foot in December. Commercial performance Astronaut debuted at number three in the UK album chart, and at number 17 on the US Billboard 200 album chart, with similar top 20 debuts elsewhere in the world. Meanwhile, the CD/DVD set debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Music Video chart. The album peaked at number 29 in Japan.
The first single, "(Reach Up for The) Sunrise", debuted at number five on the UK Singles Chart. In late November, it topped the Billboard dance |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 14, "sc": 442, "ep": 14, "ec": 1028} | 601 | Q2453076 | 14 | 442 | 14 | 1,028 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Commercial performance | chart.
The second single, "What Happens Tomorrow" was released on 31 January 2005 and entered the UK chart at number 11 (where it peaked). It slowly gained radio play in the US, supported by a nearly sold-out tour of North American arenas and stadiums, touted as the band's "largest tour ever". Later in 2005, "What Happens Tomorrow" was used in a promotional spot for the US digital cable network Fox Soccer Channel; Simon Le Bon and John Taylor had also appeared in a separate spot for the network. Andy Taylor missed several American dates in February and March to visit his |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 14, "sc": 1028, "ep": 14, "ec": 1617} | 601 | Q2453076 | 14 | 1,028 | 14 | 1,617 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Commercial performance | ill father and the subsequent funeral.
Live favourite "Nice" was announced to be the next single in Europe to coincide with the band's tour there. It was believed that the single would not have a commercial release or music video, but would be downloadable. However, "Nice" was only released to radio in Europe, was promoted poorly, and disappeared quickly from the airwaves.
Astronaut has been certified "Gold" in the UK for sales of over 100,000 copies. It was certified Gold in Italy. As of 2008, it had sold around 260,000 copies in the US. It has so far sold around |
{"datasets_id": 601, "wiki_id": "Q2453076", "sp": 14, "sc": 1617, "ep": 18, "ec": 475} | 601 | Q2453076 | 14 | 1,617 | 18 | 475 | Astronaut (Duran Duran album) | Commercial performance & Release | 1 million copies around the world. Release On 29 March 2005, Sony BMG reissued Astronaut on the DualDisc format. This double sided disc included the CD version on one side and a remixed 5.1 DVD-Audio surround mix of the album on the other side. The DVD side also included a 25-minute program with new, behind-the-scenes footage.
On 20 December 2005, Astronaut was released on the SACD format. Similar to DualDisc, this release featured the album in three formats — multichannel SACD, stereo SACD and stereo CD. |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 564} | 602 | Q65042508 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 564 | Asylum in France | Asylum in France Seeking asylum in France is a legal right that is admitted by the constitution of France. Meanwhile, the status of recognised asylum seekers are protected by corresponding laws and Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which France had signed on 25 July 1951. France is considered as one of the main asylum host countries in Europe. In 2017 there have been 337,143 refugees registered in and up to the end of 2018, 20,710 new asylum seekers have been given legal status to reside in France. Asylum policies in France is regarded as a concerned topic among |
|
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 4, "sc": 564, "ep": 8, "ec": 406} | 602 | Q65042508 | 4 | 564 | 8 | 406 | Asylum in France | The status of asylum seekers | the public and politicians, and some controversies also exist in the current system of French asylum policies, such as issues on the assimilation policy, national security problems and living conditions of asylum seekers. The status of asylum seekers The legal status of seeking asylum in France is guaranteed under the Asylum and Immigration Law. Generally, two types of asylum protections are classified by the French asylum law: Refugee status and Subsidiary status. The Refugee status formally would be given to persons satisfying conditions which defined by Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of UNHCR. Meanwhile, the subsidiary status could |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 8, "sc": 406, "ep": 8, "ec": 1028} | 602 | Q65042508 | 8 | 406 | 8 | 1,028 | Asylum in France | The status of asylum seekers | be possibly given to any other type of asylum seekers who do not meet the criteria of a refugee status recognition. Generally, one can be given a subsidiary status as long as he/she proves risks of a threat or serious harm to their personal safety once they return to their origin country.
Besides, any of the following situations mentioned by the asylum law could lead to the denial of applications:
(a) An overt threat could be seen and proven if the applicator wishes to enter French territory;
(b) A previous sentence or punishment for terrorism had been imposed on the applicator, which would |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 8, "sc": 1028, "ep": 12, "ec": 536} | 602 | Q65042508 | 8 | 1,028 | 12 | 536 | Asylum in France | The status of asylum seekers & Applications | be regarded as a serious harm to the French society. Applications All asylum seekers must have entered the French territory before they could start the formal application, otherwise it could not be accepted. To reach the condition, applicators can either request for a special visa for asylum application from a French embassy/console or get a temporary visa up to 8 days at the crossing point of the French border. Next, asylum seekers will need to register themselves as "asylum seekers" in a "GUDA", which refers to a single-desk contact point and get a formal certificate which allows them to lodge |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 12, "sc": 536, "ep": 16, "ec": 80} | 602 | Q65042508 | 12 | 536 | 16 | 80 | Asylum in France | Applications & Proceeding | the application form. Some of the documents are needed as shown below:
1) Information required to prove the civil status;
2) Documents that gave the legal entrance of French territory, including a legal entry visa;
3) The record of traveling route from the origin country to France.
4) If exists, the current dwelling address of the applicator in France.
Then applicators would be able to formally apply for the asylum status. In addition, applicators would also need to write an explanation in French that clarifies the intention for seeking asylum in France. Proceeding Currently, the OFPRA (French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 16, "sc": 80, "ep": 16, "ec": 768} | 602 | Q65042508 | 16 | 80 | 16 | 768 | Asylum in France | Proceeding | Persons) takes charge of all asylum affairs and application proceedings for France. After receiving applications, OFPRA would start an investigation on each applicator from evaluating provided documents to assessments of personal situations, including the situation of origin country, past harm on body, deliberate threat or prosecution that applicators may suffered.
After all information verified and evaluated, the OFPRA would make a decision and notify the applicator whether he/she is granted the asylum status or not. Besides, in a period of one month applicators could also appeal negative decisions to the CNDA (National Court of Asylum). Once an appeal has been received |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 16, "sc": 768, "ep": 20, "ec": 315} | 602 | Q65042508 | 16 | 768 | 20 | 315 | Asylum in France | Proceeding & Further rights of seeking asylum in France | by CNDA, the related judge will have to take place within five months. The final decision from CNDA may still support the original decision, however it could also be the denial of the original case and an order for a second investigation. Further rights of seeking asylum in France Other than the legal residency in France, asylum seekers could also apply for the French Citizenship as other immigrants. Usually a five-year of dwelling in France territory would be required before the application, for asylum seekers who get a refugee status, that period could be exempted and they could apply for |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 20, "sc": 315, "ep": 20, "ec": 930} | 602 | Q65042508 | 20 | 315 | 20 | 930 | Asylum in France | Further rights of seeking asylum in France | the naturalisation at once if they wish. However, asylum seekers who get a subsidiary status must still obey the normal rule and no exemptions applied.
Support on personal finance and housing would also become available since the asylum seeker starts his or her application procedure. Normally, if the asylum seeker found himself under a specific level which observed by the government, a minimum financial assist equals to €6.80 per day would be given to the asylum seeker at the end of the month (Lump sum). The number of money support could be changed according to different family population of asylum |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 20, "sc": 930, "ep": 24, "ec": 351} | 602 | Q65042508 | 20 | 930 | 24 | 351 | Asylum in France | Further rights of seeking asylum in France & Statistics | seekers. On housing, asylum seekers could temporarily live in the rooms provided by CADA (Centres for the Reception of Asylum Seekers), which could last for six months before the asylum seeker finished finding his or her own place to live. Statistics The number of people seeking asylum in France experienced a significant raise after the 1970s. From 1970 to 1995, applications annually for asylum in France increased from nearly 5000 during 1970 to 1974 to 112,200 from 1995 to 1999. In 2010, France received about 48100 asylum applications which makes it one of the top 5 countries receiving the most |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 24, "sc": 351, "ep": 24, "ec": 1032} | 602 | Q65042508 | 24 | 351 | 24 | 1,032 | Asylum in France | Statistics | asylum seekers.
During 2015-2017 due to the Europe refugee crisis, there was an upward trend of asylum applications numbers in France. Applications for asylum in 2015, 2016 and 2017 reached to 71,000, 85,244, 100,412 respectively. Up to 2018, according to OFPRA's statistics, nearly 122,743 persons have been registered as asylum seekers residing in France. France had also taken part in the resettlement program of UNHCR since 2008, and plans to receive around 10,000 new refugees into French territory.
In 2018, top five origin countries where asylum seekers in France came from are Afghanistan (10,270), Albania (9,690), Georgia (6,960), Guinea (6,880) and Côte |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 24, "sc": 1032, "ep": 28, "ec": 629} | 602 | Q65042508 | 24 | 1,032 | 28 | 629 | Asylum in France | Statistics & Before WWII | d'Ivoire (5,375) Before WWII Before the 1930s, French presented a relatively open attitude to refugees for its need of labour and the recovery caused by World War I. but the trend changed as the Great Depression occurred in the 1930s and then France was believed to implement more restrictive policies on immigration and asylum.
In early 1933, the Prime Minister Édouard Daladier established an "Intermisterial Commission" focusing on refugee issues. Under the political environment at the moment, refugees in France were connected with national security and issues on employment, also, some voices concerned if refugees could not be assimilated and |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 28, "sc": 629, "ep": 28, "ec": 1240} | 602 | Q65042508 | 28 | 629 | 28 | 1,240 | Asylum in France | Before WWII | may cause an integration problem. The trend shortly changed after Daladier left the government in late 1933, and some of the measures were relaxed by the new Prime minister Léon Blum. Two examples for the new trend are the receiving of nearly 500,000 Spanish political refugees in 1936 due to the Spanish Civil War, and the interministerial commission's new review of the policy in the same year, which confirmed "no restrictions needed" for refugees coming to France.
In 1938 the policy trend changed again as Édouard Daladier returned to the position of Prime Minister. In the next two years, some of |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 28, "sc": 1240, "ep": 28, "ec": 1849} | 602 | Q65042508 | 28 | 1,240 | 28 | 1,849 | Asylum in France | Before WWII | the new decrees were imposed by the government on restricting the amount that heading France for asylum. For example, one of the decrees gave officials at borders a broadening power to reject the entry of asylum seekers. In addition, Jews looking for asylum in France were also believed to be targeted and restricted to an observable extent.
In June 1940, the French army was defeated in the Battle of France. With the influences from Nazi Germany then, new policy on immigration and asylum, which was believed to be more racist, was pursued by the new Vichy government. Many refugees, especially for |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 28, "sc": 1849, "ep": 32, "ec": 217} | 602 | Q65042508 | 28 | 1,849 | 32 | 217 | Asylum in France | Before WWII & Related issues | political asylum purposes, lost their special right to continue residing in France, and some of them were sent back to their origin countries, mostly Germany and Italy. The situation continued until the end of World War II. In November 1945, Charles de Gaulle was elected President of France, and a more consistent policy on immigration and asylum became a goal by the new government. Related issues Asylum in France remains a high-profile topic that is being consistently concerned, and some issues regarding to the asylum policy and the current system in France are being claimed to have affected France negatively, |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 32, "sc": 217, "ep": 36, "ec": 587} | 602 | Q65042508 | 32 | 217 | 36 | 587 | Asylum in France | Related issues & National security | and some of the frequently mentioned aspects have been presented below. National security After 2015 the Europe refugee crisis, incidents like terrorist attacks that break national security, are partially connected with the asylum policy. After several terrorist attacks happened in France, for example, the Paris attack in November 2015, after which President Hollande announced the National Emergency status across France. Concerns on domestic security was also presumed to be a reason that pulled up the support rate of right-wing parties since 2015, which advocates stricter policies on managing asylum seekers. Some voices also claimed that the influx of Islamist radicals |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 36, "sc": 587, "ep": 40, "ec": 531} | 602 | Q65042508 | 36 | 587 | 40 | 531 | Asylum in France | National security & Camps near Calais and living conditions | and the failure of integration policy had contributed to the deteriorating safety environment of France. Camps near Calais and living conditions The living conditions of some asylum seekers in France raised controversies as well. A frequently mentioned case relates to Migrants near Calais and Dunkirk, where refugees built shelters and formed even communities themselves for decades. On the one hand, Living qualities in these temporary camps are described as "dire" by some observers and are criticised as sanitary conditions, medical services and living qualities are reported to be inadequate. However, President Macron also stressed the "illegal actions" that happened by |
{"datasets_id": 602, "wiki_id": "Q65042508", "sp": 40, "sc": 531, "ep": 40, "ec": 819} | 602 | Q65042508 | 40 | 531 | 40 | 819 | Asylum in France | Camps near Calais and living conditions | asylum seekers near Calais as they hope to reach the UK and some of the residents had been legally transported to reception centres. Camps near Calais have been announced to be "dismantled" reported in 2015, however, some estimated that 900 asylum seekers are still living near the area. |
{"datasets_id": 603, "wiki_id": "Q899432", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 166} | 603 | Q899432 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 166 | Atashika Station | History & Station layout | Atashika Station History Atashika Station opened on April 1, 1956 as a station on the Japan National Railways (JNR) Kisei-Nishi Line. The line was renamed the Kisei Main Line on July 15, 1959. The station has been unattended since November 1, 1986. The station was absorbed into the JR Central network upon the privatization of the JNR on April 1, 1987. Station layout There is a single island platform connected to the small station building, which dates from the opening of the line, by a barrier-protected pedestrian level crossing. |
{"datasets_id": 604, "wiki_id": "Q4072051", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 10} | 604 | Q4072051 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 10 | Atgharia Upazila | History & Geography | Atgharia Upazila History A fierce battle was fought in 1971 between the Pak army and the freedom fighters at the Bangshipara Ghat on river Chandrabati of Majpara Union. Md Anwar Hossain led the battle on the Mukti Bahini side. In this battle 12 freedom fighters and three villagers were killed. The Pakistan army lost their commander Captain Tahir and about 13 more soldiers in this battle. Marks of war of liberation Mass grave near the bamboo-clump of Dr Magrib (Debattar South Para). The Bongshipara Ghat is now a Historical Place. Daily 50/100 people come on to visit the place. Geography |
{"datasets_id": 604, "wiki_id": "Q4072051", "sp": 10, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 232} | 604 | Q4072051 | 10 | 0 | 14 | 232 | Atgharia Upazila | Geography & Demographics | Atgharia Upazila with an area of 186.15 km² is bounded by Baraigram, Chatmohar and Faridpur upazilas on the north, Pabna Sadar upazila on the south, Santhia upazila on the east and Ishwardi upazilas on the west. Main rivers are Chiknai, Ratnai and Chandrabati; Purulia and Sutir Beels are notable. Atgharia is located at 24.1333°N 89.2500°E. It has 22339 households and total area 186.15 km². Demographics As of the 1991 Bangladesh census, Atgharia has a population of 124454. Males constitute 51.41% of the population, and females 48.59%. This Upazila's eighteen up population is 59721. Atgharia has an average literacy rate of 21.7% (7+ |
{"datasets_id": 604, "wiki_id": "Q4072051", "sp": 14, "sc": 232, "ep": 18, "ec": 426} | 604 | Q4072051 | 14 | 232 | 18 | 426 | Atgharia Upazila | Demographics & Education | years), and the national average of 32.4% literate.
Atgharia (Town) located at Debattar, consists of four mouzas. The area of the town is 5.93 km². The town has a population of 5164; male 50.37%, female 49.63%. The density of population is 871 per km.² Education Average literacy rate 21.07%; male 26.4% and female 16.8%. Educational institution: College 5, secondary school 15, madrasa 18, government primary school 44, non-government primary school 29. Noted educational institutions: Atgharia Pilot Model High School, Debattar Pilot Girls' High School, Sahid Abdul Khaleque High School, B.L.K High school, Khidirpur high school, Parkhidirpur high school, Ekdanta High School, Lakshmipur |
{"datasets_id": 604, "wiki_id": "Q4072051", "sp": 18, "sc": 426, "ep": 18, "ec": 506} | 604 | Q4072051 | 18 | 426 | 18 | 506 | Atgharia Upazila | Education | High School, Debattar Model Government Primary School (1880), Shibpur Madrassa. |
{"datasets_id": 605, "wiki_id": "Q4814203", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 432} | 605 | Q4814203 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 432 | Athletics at the 1982 Southern Cross Games | Medal summary | Athletics at the 1982 Southern Cross Games Medal summary Medal winners were published in a book written by Argentinian journalist Ernesto Rodríguez III with support of the Argentine Olympic Committee (Spanish: Comité Olímpico Argentino) under the auspices of the Ministry of Education (Spanish: Ministerio de Educación de la Nación) in collaboration with the Office of Sports (Spanish: Secretaría de Deporte de la Nación). Eduardo Biscayart supplied the list of winners and their results. |
{"datasets_id": 606, "wiki_id": "Q26853729", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 202} | 606 | Q26853729 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 202 | Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's javelin throw | Competition format | Athletics at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's javelin throw Competition format The competition for each classification consisted of a single round. Each athlete threw three times, after which the eight best threw three more times (with the best distance of the six throws counted). |
{"datasets_id": 607, "wiki_id": "Q3404177", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 572} | 607 | Q3404177 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 572 | Athrwys ap Meurig | History | Athrwys ap Meurig History Athrwys's name is spelled variously. It is spelled Atroys in the 10th century Welsh Harleian genealogies and Andrus in the early medieval Latin Life of Saint Cadoc; also note Andres[us] son of Morcant[us] in the same section of the saint's life, all derived from an early Old Welsh spelling *Antres.
He was the son of Meurig ap Tewdrig, a King of Gwent and Glywysing in South Wales. His mother was Onbrawst, daughter of Gwrgan Fawr, King of Ergyng. His siblings were Idnerth and Ffriog. His wife may have been Cenedlon ferch Briafael Frydig; his children included |
{"datasets_id": 607, "wiki_id": "Q3404177", "sp": 6, "sc": 572, "ep": 6, "ec": 1164} | 607 | Q3404177 | 6 | 572 | 6 | 1,164 | Athrwys ap Meurig | History | Morgan ab Athrwys, later a king of Gwent, as well as Ithel and Gwaidnerth. While Athrwys's father Meurig and son Morgan are named as kings in the Book of Llandaff, Athrwys never is. Wendy Davies concluded that Athrwys predeceased his father and thus never ruled as king, and when Meurig died after a long reign the kingship passed to Morgan. Davies suggests Athrwys lived between about 605–655.
His son was Morgan ab Athrwys or Morgan Mwynfawr 'Morgan the Benefactor' in the Welsh language. Morgan was King of Morgannwg, or Gwent and Glywysing, land as far west as the River Towy and |
{"datasets_id": 607, "wiki_id": "Q3404177", "sp": 6, "sc": 1164, "ep": 10, "ec": 351} | 607 | Q3404177 | 6 | 1,164 | 10 | 351 | Athrwys ap Meurig | History & Arthurian connection | also encompassing land beyond the River Wye, into the old Kingdom of Ergyng, South Herefordshire. Arthurian connection Some writers have identified Athrwys ap Meurig as a potential historical basis for King Arthur. This identification is found at least as early as Thomas Carte's A General History of England, written in 1747. It was later put forward and popularised by William Owen Pughe in 1803. The theory subsequently gained more popularity during the 19th-century. |
{"datasets_id": 608, "wiki_id": "Q16208465", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 586} | 608 | Q16208465 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 586 | Atlantic Club of Bulgaria | Background | Atlantic Club of Bulgaria Background The Atlantic Club of Bulgaria was created in 1990 around the pro-NATO lobby in the first post-Cold War Bulgarian Parliament. It was born when its founder, Solomon Passy, also the owner of a Trabant automobile, welcomed Manfred Wörner and gave him a tour of Sofia in a Trabant.
Officially established on 4 April 1991, the Atlantic Club has grown to include members from all walks of life: government, academia, military, business and media. The Atlantic Club was the first Atlantic NGO outside NATO, founded on Warsaw Pact territory, and the first non-NATO member (since 1992) of |
{"datasets_id": 608, "wiki_id": "Q16208465", "sp": 6, "sc": 586, "ep": 6, "ec": 1271} | 608 | Q16208465 | 6 | 586 | 6 | 1,271 | Atlantic Club of Bulgaria | Background | the Atlantic Treaty Association (ATA).
The Club ensured the Bulgarian support for the Allied liberation of Kuwait in 1991, through the wars and post-war reconstruction in Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq.
The Club raised the funds, and jointly with the Bulgarian Antarctic Institute, organized the resumption of Bulgaria's Antarctic activities in 1993, the upgrading of the Bulgarian refuge on Livingston Island and its redesignation as St. Kliment Ohridski Base, as well as the construction of a new main building of the base started during the 1995/96 season.
The Atlantic Club initiated a national committee that organized the visit of Pope John Paul II |
{"datasets_id": 608, "wiki_id": "Q16208465", "sp": 6, "sc": 1271, "ep": 6, "ec": 1883} | 608 | Q16208465 | 6 | 1,271 | 6 | 1,883 | Atlantic Club of Bulgaria | Background | to Bulgaria in 2002, and also co-hosted the mass rally for U.S. President Bill Clinton who visited Sofia in 1999, and another one for US Secretary of State Colin Powell in 2003.
In 2004, Bulgaria joined NATO.
After attending the Nobel Prize Ceremony in Oslo in 2012, Solomon Passy suggested that the EU should nominate Bulgaria for the Nobel Peace Prize next year. In 2013, the Club underlined the 70th anniversary of the rescue of nearly 50,000 Jews from being sent to concentration camps in Nazi Germany when the government of Tsar Boris III planned deportation of the Jewish population but it |
{"datasets_id": 608, "wiki_id": "Q16208465", "sp": 6, "sc": 1883, "ep": 10, "ec": 321} | 608 | Q16208465 | 6 | 1,883 | 10 | 321 | Atlantic Club of Bulgaria | Background & Role | was prevented by the Holy Synod, the Bulgarian Orthodox church and civil protests.
In September 2015, the ACB sent a delegation to the Fiji after the Asian country had established diplomatic ties with Bulgaria in March 2015.
In 2018, the ACB disputed the MIG-29 contracts signed between the Bulgarian government and the Russian Federation. Role The Atlantic Club of Bulgaria works to promote Bulgaria's integration with and role in the Atlantic Alliance, and all Euro-Atlantic political, security, economic and other structures. Within Bulgaria, the Atlantic Club serves the broader purpose of supporting democracy, human rights, free market economy and rule of law. |
{"datasets_id": 608, "wiki_id": "Q16208465", "sp": 12, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 632} | 608 | Q16208465 | 12 | 0 | 14 | 632 | Atlantic Club of Bulgaria | Activities | Activities The Club's activities focus primarily on raising public awareness about security and international affairs. The list of guest speakers includes the Nobel Peace Prize Laureates Lech Wałęsa, Shimon Peres, Mikhail Gorbachev and the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet. A number of heads of states and governments have addressed the Club.
In its think-tank capacity, the Atlantic Club sponsors round tables, seminars and conferences on a wide variety of topics, and is a leading partner in the Security Sector Reform Coalition formed by Bulgarian NGOs to develop strategic reports on key policy issues in the field of foreign and security |
{"datasets_id": 608, "wiki_id": "Q16208465", "sp": 14, "sc": 632, "ep": 18, "ec": 307} | 608 | Q16208465 | 14 | 632 | 18 | 307 | Atlantic Club of Bulgaria | Activities & Organization | policy, and defense reform and modernization.
The Club assists in the establishment of Atlantic associations in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and more recently in Afghanistan, Iraq, and other Asian, African and South American countries.
The Atlantic Club is a co-founder of the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency, the Bulgarian Antarctic Institute and the Economic Policy Institute, Sofia. Organization The Club's international board of directors includes prominent individuals from Bulgaria, Europe and North America working for Atlanticism or humanism in general. The organization has regional chapters in Burgas, Dospat and Sarnitsa, Gabrovo, Haskovo, Plovdiv, Ruse, Varna and Yambol, and is associated with |
{"datasets_id": 608, "wiki_id": "Q16208465", "sp": 18, "sc": 307, "ep": 18, "ec": 622} | 608 | Q16208465 | 18 | 307 | 18 | 622 | Atlantic Club of Bulgaria | Organization | the NATO Information Center in Sofia, the Bulgarian Euro-Atlantic Youth Club, and the Manfred Wörner Foundation.
The Founding President (1991–2001 and 2009-) and Honorary President of the Club (2001–2009) is Dr. Solomon Passy. Dr. Lyubomir Ivanov was the Chairman and CEO of the Atlantic Club in 2001-2009. |
{"datasets_id": 609, "wiki_id": "Q180901", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 545} | 609 | Q180901 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 545 | Atomium | Construction and Expo 58 | Atomium Construction and Expo 58 The Atomium was built as the main pavilion and icon of the 1958 World Expo of Brussels (Expo 58). In the 1950s, faith in scientific progress was great, and a structure depicting atoms was chosen to embody this. The Atomium depicts nine iron atoms in the shape of the body-centred cubic unit cell of an iron crystal, magnified 165 billion times.
The construction of the Atomium was a technical feat. Of the nine spheres, six are accessible to the public, each with two main floors and a lower floor reserved for service. The central tube |
{"datasets_id": 609, "wiki_id": "Q180901", "sp": 6, "sc": 545, "ep": 6, "ec": 1133} | 609 | Q180901 | 6 | 545 | 6 | 1,133 | Atomium | Construction and Expo 58 | contains the fastest elevator of the time at 5 m/s (20 ft/s), installed by the Belgian branch of the Swiss firm Schlieren (subsequently taken over by Schindler). It allows 22 people to reach the summit in 23 seconds. The escalators installed in the oblique tubes are among the longest in Europe. The biggest is 35 m (100 ft) long.
Three of the four top spheres lack vertical support and hence are not open to the public for safety reasons, although the sphere at the pinnacle is open to the public. The original design called for no supports; the structure was simply to rest on |
{"datasets_id": 609, "wiki_id": "Q180901", "sp": 6, "sc": 1133, "ep": 10, "ec": 47} | 609 | Q180901 | 6 | 1,133 | 10 | 47 | Atomium | Construction and Expo 58 & Renovation | the spheres. Wind tunnel tests proved that the structure would have toppled in an 80 km/h (50 mph) wind (140 km/h (90 mph) winds have been recorded in Belgium). Support columns were added to achieve enough resistance against overturning.
The Atomium, designed to last six months, was not destined to survive the 1958 World Expo, but its popularity and success made it a major element of the Brussels landscape. Its destruction was therefore postponed year after year, until the city's authorities decided to keep it. However, for thirty years, little maintenance work was done. Renovation By the turn of the millennium, the state of the |
{"datasets_id": 609, "wiki_id": "Q180901", "sp": 10, "sc": 47, "ep": 10, "ec": 688} | 609 | Q180901 | 10 | 47 | 10 | 688 | Atomium | Renovation | building had become quite deteriorated and a comprehensive renovation was sorely needed. Renovation of the Atomium began in March 2004; it was closed to the public in October, and remained closed until 18 February 2006. The renovations included replacing the faded aluminium sheets on the spheres with stainless steel. On 21 December 2005, the new Atomium outdoor lighting was tested. The meridians of each sphere were covered with rectangular steel plates, in which LED lighting was integrated. The LED application illuminates the bulbs at night. The lights can also flash simultaneously or in turns at each meridian, symbolising the range |
{"datasets_id": 609, "wiki_id": "Q180901", "sp": 10, "sc": 688, "ep": 10, "ec": 1300} | 609 | Q180901 | 10 | 688 | 10 | 1,300 | Atomium | Renovation | of an electron around its core.
On 14 February 2006, the Atomium was officially reopened by then Prince Philippe, and on 18 February 2006, it opened again to the public. The renovation cost €26 million. Brussels and the Atomium Association paid one-third of the costs, the Belgian government financed two thirds. To help pay for renovations, pieces of the old aluminium plates were sold to the public as souvenirs. One triangular piece about 2 m (7 ft) long sold for €1,000. On the occasion of the reopening, a 2 euro commemorative coin depicting the building was issued, in March 2006, to celebrate the |
{"datasets_id": 609, "wiki_id": "Q180901", "sp": 10, "sc": 1300, "ep": 14, "ec": 259} | 609 | Q180901 | 10 | 1,300 | 14 | 259 | Atomium | Renovation & Worldwide copyright claims | renovation.
Though the Atomium depicts an iron unit cell, the balls were originally clad with aluminium. Following the 2004–2007 renovations, however, the aluminium was replaced with stainless steel, which is primarily iron. Likewise, while the subject of Atomium was chosen to depict the enthusiasm of the Atomic Age, iron is not and cannot be used as fuel in nuclear reactions. Worldwide copyright claims SABAM, Belgium's society for collecting copyrights, has claimed worldwide intellectual property rights on all reproductions of the image via the United States Artists Rights Society (ARS). For example, SABAM issued a demand that a United States website remove |
{"datasets_id": 609, "wiki_id": "Q180901", "sp": 14, "sc": 259, "ep": 14, "ec": 911} | 609 | Q180901 | 14 | 259 | 14 | 911 | Atomium | Worldwide copyright claims | all images of the Atomium from its pages. The website responded by replacing all such images with a warning not to take photographs of the Atomium, and that A.S.B.L. Atomium will sue if you show them to anyone. SABAM confirmed that permission is required.
Ralf Ziegermann remarked on the complicated copyright instructions on the Atomium's website specific to "private pictures". The organisers of Belgian heritage, Anno Expo (planning the 50th anniversary celebrations of Expo 58), in the city of Mechelen announced a "cultural guerrilla strike" by asking people to send in their old photographs of the Atomium and requested 100 photoshoppers |
{"datasets_id": 609, "wiki_id": "Q180901", "sp": 14, "sc": 911, "ep": 14, "ec": 1590} | 609 | Q180901 | 14 | 911 | 14 | 1,590 | Atomium | Worldwide copyright claims | to paint over the balls. SABAM responded that they would make an exception for 2008 and that people could publish private photographs for one year only on condition they were for non-commercial purposes. Anno Expo later announced they had censored part of their own report due to "complications" and referred to a meeting they had with SABAM. Mechelen's Mayor, Bart Somers, called the Atomium copyright rules absurd.
From the Atomium's website, the current copyright restrictions exempt private individuals under the following conditions:
This is the case where photographs are taken by private individuals and shown on private websites for no commercial purpose |
{"datasets_id": 609, "wiki_id": "Q180901", "sp": 14, "sc": 1590, "ep": 14, "ec": 2097} | 609 | Q180901 | 14 | 1,590 | 14 | 2,097 | Atomium | Worldwide copyright claims | (the current trend for photo albums).
In accordance with legislation, usage rights for the image of the Atomium would naturally extend to 1st January 2076, in other words, the seventieth anniversary of André Waterkeyn's death.
In the summer of 2015, Belgian political party Open Vld, proposed a bill to enable Freedom of Panorama in Belgium. The bill was enacted into law in June 2016, allowing pictures of the Atomium, and other public buildings under copyright, to be legally distributed. |
{"datasets_id": 610, "wiki_id": "Q2104230", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 175} | 610 | Q2104230 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 175 | Atomkraft | Moral Fibre & Atomkraft | Atomkraft Moral Fibre The roots of Atomkraft date back to the summer of 1979, when Tony ‘Demolition’ Dolan and Paul Spillett got together with the intention to form a band. Initially, going under the name of Moral Fibre and playing punk rock, they recruited guitarists Ian Legg and Chris Taylor. Ian Legg then left to be replaced by Sean Drew who also subsequently left. However the band continued to operate as a trio. Atomkraft On returning from a trip to Bremen, Germany, Chris presented his band mates with some button badges featuring the environmental slogan ‘Atomkraft, Nein Danke!’ (Nuclear Power, |
{"datasets_id": 610, "wiki_id": "Q2104230", "sp": 10, "sc": 175, "ep": 10, "ec": 754} | 610 | Q2104230 | 10 | 175 | 10 | 754 | Atomkraft | Atomkraft | No Thanks!) They liked the way the word "Atomkraft" sounds and so adopted it as the band name, believing it suits the new "metal" sound they pursued. In the endeavour for something more metal and less punk they got rid of Chris.
After trying out a couple of guitarists they settled on Steve White, whom Tony knew from his art class at college. Another member of Tony’s art class, Mark Irvine, joined on bass. With Tony on rhythm guitar and vocals and Paul on drums the new line-up played four shows. Unfortunately, Mark’s parents disapproved of his heavy metal image and |
{"datasets_id": 610, "wiki_id": "Q2104230", "sp": 10, "sc": 754, "ep": 18, "ec": 33} | 610 | Q2104230 | 10 | 754 | 18 | 33 | Atomkraft | Atomkraft & Demon & Total Metal | lifestyle and so persuaded him to quit the band. Tony switched back to bass and the band was able to continue. Demon In 1981 the band recorded the four song demo Demon at Impulse studios, this being funded by band member Paul Spillett who was the only one working at the time and with the help of Keith Nicol. It was their first "proper" demo, although, the limitation of time and a 2-track recorder gave results that were pretty bad. However, the band soldiered on, gaining experience by continuing to play live shows. Total Metal In early 1983, Atomkraft returned |
{"datasets_id": 610, "wiki_id": "Q2104230", "sp": 18, "sc": 33, "ep": 18, "ec": 589} | 610 | Q2104230 | 18 | 33 | 18 | 589 | Atomkraft | Total Metal | to Impulse studios to record another demo. Learning from their previous experience they opted to record only 2 tracks for the Total Metal demo, featuring the title track and "Death Valley". Steve passed a copy of the demo to Sam Kress, who ran a radio station and ‘Whiplash’ magazine. Sam liked the demo and promised to feature the band in his magazine. However, in late 1983, Steve left the band for personal reasons. Tony was left wondering what to do. By coincidence he was invited to stay with his sister in Canada to help out with her two kids, while |
{"datasets_id": 610, "wiki_id": "Q2104230", "sp": 18, "sc": 589, "ep": 22, "ec": 454} | 610 | Q2104230 | 18 | 589 | 22 | 454 | Atomkraft | Total Metal & Canada | she was studying. With Tony unemployed and the band effectively on hold, he decided to take her up on her offer. Canada In 1984 Paul Spillett joined Tony in Canada. Tony was further inspired when he got a copy of the magazine containing the write-up that Sam Kress promised. The write-up presented Atomkraft in a very positive light and also featured Venom, Raven, Metallica, Anthrax and Megadeth. Spurred on by this, Paul and Tony began writing material and returned to England in late 1984 to search for a guitarist. They later fell out over a girl and went their separate |
{"datasets_id": 610, "wiki_id": "Q2104230", "sp": 22, "sc": 454, "ep": 26, "ec": 552} | 610 | Q2104230 | 22 | 454 | 26 | 552 | Atomkraft | Canada & Pour the Metal In | ways. Pour the Metal In While visiting Neat Records to see if anyone could recommend a drummer, Tony met Cronos of Venom who informed him that Ged Wolf (the brother of Venom’s manager) was looking for a band having just left Tysondog. Tony and Ged got together and started auditioning for a guitarist, but initially did not have a lot of luck.
Then a 16-year-old guitar player, Rob Mathew, was recommended as being a great guitar player and so they all met up. Fortunately they got on well and this became the new Atomkraft line-up.
The band began working on |
{"datasets_id": 610, "wiki_id": "Q2104230", "sp": 26, "sc": 552, "ep": 30, "ec": 155} | 610 | Q2104230 | 26 | 552 | 30 | 155 | Atomkraft | Pour the Metal In & Future Warriors | the new material that Tony had been writing, and went on to record the Pour the Metal In demo at Neat Records studio. It featured 3 tracks, "Pour the Metal In", "Burn in Hell" and "Carousel". The demo is sent to various fanzines and received a good response. Dave Woods of Neat Records also hears the demo and offered them a deal, and so the band started work on the Future Warriors album. Future Warriors Recorded over a couple of weeks and produced by Keith Nichol, Future Warriors was released in September 1985. Despite getting a particularly poor review in |
{"datasets_id": 610, "wiki_id": "Q2104230", "sp": 30, "sc": 155, "ep": 34, "ec": 250} | 610 | Q2104230 | 30 | 155 | 34 | 250 | Atomkraft | Future Warriors & Queen of Death | Kerrang! magazine, other reviews were more positive and they got further requests for interviews. The band also opened for Slayer at The Marquee, where faulty equipment resulted in the band trashing the equipment in frustration after just three numbers. Despite this the band were asked to join the bill of the Venom/Exodus tour. Queen of Death After the end of the Venom/Exodus tour, Atomkraft prepared and recorded a new EP, with the tracks "Your Mentor" on the A-side and "Demolition", "Funeral Pyre" and "Mode III" on the B-side. Unfortunately, the EP did not get released in this form, as a |
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