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{"datasets_id": 1762, "wiki_id": "Q5413678", "sp": 12, "sc": 2097, "ep": 12, "ec": 2656} | 1,762 | Q5413678 | 12 | 2,097 | 12 | 2,656 | European sexuality leading up to and during World War II | Germany | a few years ago illegitimate children were considered a shameful matter ... [now] my men tell me with shining eyes that a son has been born to them. Their girls consider it an honour, not a source of shame."
Once World War II broke out and men were sent to the front, the Nazis changed their promise of "every woman will have a man" to "every woman will have a child". A report to the Ministry of Justice in 1944 stated that:
Leaders of the [League of German Girls have] intimated to their girls that they should bear illegitimate children; |
{"datasets_id": 1762, "wiki_id": "Q5413678", "sp": 12, "sc": 2656, "ep": 12, "ec": 3224} | 1,762 | Q5413678 | 12 | 2,656 | 12 | 3,224 | European sexuality leading up to and during World War II | Germany | these leaders have pointed out that in view of the prevailing shortage of men, not every girl could expect to get a husband in future, and that the girls should at least fulfill their task as German women and donate a child to the Führer.
As a mark of how much sexual attitudes had changed by the end of the war, 23% of all young Germans were infected with a venereal disease, and prostitution had quadrupled, including male and female prostitution, as the Allies were many times more willing to have sexual relations with a male (who could not get pregnant). |
{"datasets_id": 1762, "wiki_id": "Q5413678", "sp": 12, "sc": 3224, "ep": 12, "ec": 3869} | 1,762 | Q5413678 | 12 | 3,224 | 12 | 3,869 | European sexuality leading up to and during World War II | Germany | A number of scandals, including males caught naked/sexually involved with other males, caused some of the male prostitutes to be shipped to smaller towns or islands, where they were the majority of men there and they caused many families to break up, given their proclivity to maintain a strong homosexual identity through relationships with males they had found in smaller towns. Often, this proclivity developed as the consequence of rape by Allied soldiers or the harsh living conditions which drove huge numbers of starving Germans into prostitution just to survive.
Had the Germans triumphed, Himmler and Bormann were considering |
{"datasets_id": 1762, "wiki_id": "Q5413678", "sp": 12, "sc": 3869, "ep": 12, "ec": 3952} | 1,762 | Q5413678 | 12 | 3,869 | 12 | 3,952 | European sexuality leading up to and during World War II | Germany | a post-war institution of double marriage for Nazi party officials and war heroes. |
{"datasets_id": 1763, "wiki_id": "Q5413922", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 107} | 1,763 | Q5413922 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 107 | Eurus Energy | Japan | Eurus Energy Japan Eurus Energy Japan Corporation owns the following onshore wind farms operated by its subsidiaries in Japan. |
{"datasets_id": 1764, "wiki_id": "Q13629611", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 591} | 1,764 | Q13629611 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 591 | Eurytrochus maccullochi | Description | Eurytrochus maccullochi Description The shell grows to a length of 6 mm, its diameter 6.5 mm. The small, very solid shell has a depressedly globose shape and is subcarinate. Its colour is dull white, radially painted with flames of black or chocolate, which persist more on ribs than interstices. The shell contains six whorls. Their sculpture shows above the periphery six subgranose spiral ribs, elevated, widely spaced, increasing in size from the suture to the periphery and ascending the spire. The interstices are occupied by one or two spiral threads and roughened by fine radial growth lines. On the base, eight similar |
{"datasets_id": 1764, "wiki_id": "Q13629611", "sp": 6, "sc": 591, "ep": 10, "ec": 77} | 1,764 | Q13629611 | 6 | 591 | 10 | 77 | Eurytrochus maccullochi | Description & Distribution | spiral cords decrease in size from the periphery to the umbilicus. The subquadrate aperture descends slightly but suddenly. The inner edge is bevelled, of a dull callus, radiately plicate, the margins united by a thick layer of callus, within brilliantly nacreous. An expansion of the columella slightly intrudes upon the umbilicus, which is narrow but deep, margined by a crenulate rib, internally with two deep-seated funicles. Distribution This marine species is endemic to and occurs off North Queensland, Australia. |
{"datasets_id": 1765, "wiki_id": "Q15217066", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 587} | 1,765 | Q15217066 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 587 | Euston House | History | Euston House History It was built between 1933 and 1934 as the headquarters of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, to designs by the architects Albert Victor Heal and William Henry Hamlyn. The LMS had recognised the need for several departments to work closely together and the new building was designed to accommodate 1,300 people on 9 floors. Half of the cost of construction was met by the Ministry of Transport in recognition of the company fulfilling its obligations under the scheme for the remission of passenger duty. Construction of the building required the demolition of the disused City and |
{"datasets_id": 1765, "wiki_id": "Q15217066", "sp": 6, "sc": 587, "ep": 6, "ec": 840} | 1,765 | Q15217066 | 6 | 587 | 6 | 840 | Euston House | History | South London Railway entrance building to Euston Underground station.
The offices were opened by Hon. Oliver Stanley, Minister for Transport, on 12 February 1934.
The building later became the headquarters of the British Railways Board. |
{"datasets_id": 1766, "wiki_id": "Q5416448", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 387} | 1,766 | Q5416448 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 387 | Evelyn St. Croix Fleming | Life | Evelyn St. Croix Fleming Evelyn St. Croix Fleming, born Evelyn Beatrice Sainte Croix Rose, in Kensington, London, known as Eve Fleming (1885 – 27 July 1964), was an English socialite. Life Evelyn Rose was the daughter of George Alfred Sainte Croix Rose (31 January 1854 – 14 February 1926), a Captain in the service of the Royal Buckinghamshire Militia (King's Own) and Justice of the Peace (J.P.) for Berkshire, son of the 1st Baronet Rose, of Rayners, by his marriage on 8 April 1880 to Beatrice Quain (1857 – 4 January 1911), the daughter of Sir Richard Quain, 1st Baronet, |
{"datasets_id": 1766, "wiki_id": "Q5416448", "sp": 8, "sc": 387, "ep": 8, "ec": 1004} | 1,766 | Q5416448 | 8 | 387 | 8 | 1,004 | Evelyn St. Croix Fleming | Life | graduated with a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.). On 15 February 1906 she married Valentine Fleming (1882–1917), and by that marriage was the mother of four sons: Peter Fleming, Ian Fleming – the novelist who wrote the James Bond books, Richard Fleming and Michael Fleming. She was known for her flamboyant beauty.
After her husband's death in action in the Great War in May 1917, Evelyn Fleming inherited his large estate in trust, making her very wealthy. However, the conditions of the money in trust transferred it to others should she ever re-marry. She became the mistress of painter Augustus John, with whom |
{"datasets_id": 1766, "wiki_id": "Q5416448", "sp": 8, "sc": 1004, "ep": 8, "ec": 1138} | 1,766 | Q5416448 | 8 | 1,004 | 8 | 1,138 | Evelyn St. Croix Fleming | Life | she had a daughter, the cellist Amaryllis Fleming.
She died only two weeks before the death of her son Ian on 12 August 1964. |
{"datasets_id": 1767, "wiki_id": "Q55106612", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 234} | 1,767 | Q55106612 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 234 | Evening Shade School District | Evening Shade School District Evening Shade School District No. 24 was a school district headquartered in Evening Shade, Arkansas. It had elementary (K-4) and high school (5-12) divisions.
On July 1, 2004 it consolidated with the Cave City School District. |
|
{"datasets_id": 1768, "wiki_id": "Q5166231", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 8, "ec": 309} | 1,768 | Q5166231 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 309 | Events Industry Council | History | Events Industry Council The Events Industry Council (formerly known as the Convention Industry Council (CIC)) is a non-profit federation of more than 30 U.S. and international organizations involved in the meetings, conventions and exhibitions industry. The Events Industry Council’s member organizations represent more than 103,500 individuals and 19,300 firms or properties across all sectors of the industry. History The Convention Liaison Council was founded in New York City in 1949 by four organizations – American Society of Association Executives (ASAE); American Hotel and Motel Association (AH&MA); Hospitality Sales & Marketing Association International (HSMAI); and International Association of Convention and Visitor |
{"datasets_id": 1768, "wiki_id": "Q5166231", "sp": 8, "sc": 309, "ep": 8, "ec": 663} | 1,768 | Q5166231 | 8 | 309 | 8 | 663 | Events Industry Council | History | Bureaus (IACVB). In 2000, the organization changed its name to the Convention Industry Council. In the years since its inception, CIC has grown to include more than 30 member organizations. The Events Industry Council is currently headquartered in Alexandria, VA. In 2017, the organization underwent a further name change to the Events Industry Council. |
{"datasets_id": 1769, "wiki_id": "Q5417213", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 590} | 1,769 | Q5417213 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 590 | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) | Facilities | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) Facilities Evergreen High School is located on a large parcel of land that it shares with Cascade Middle School, Legacy High School (an alternative education facility), Burton Elementary School, McKenzie Stadium, and the school district warehouse and bus barn.
Evergreen was originally built at the corner of 18th Street and 137th Avenue. When the current building was constructed in the 1970s on the east side of the parcel, Cascade Junior High (now Middle School) was opened in the original building. The aging, original building was demolished in the summer of 2004 after the completion of |
{"datasets_id": 1769, "wiki_id": "Q5417213", "sp": 6, "sc": 590, "ep": 10, "ec": 505} | 1,769 | Q5417213 | 6 | 590 | 10 | 505 | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) | Facilities & Evergreen Marching Band | Cascade's new abutting campus to the north. The original site is now a multi-use sports field. Evergreen Marching Band Evergreen boasts an award-winning marching band. Previously directed by Steve Kuske who had long taught at the school and greatly helped with the success of the marching band. The band is now directed by Brent Johnson and Craig Gustafson. Previously the marching band was invited to play at the inauguration parade for President Barack Obama
With a long tradition of excellent marching bands, Evergreen High School has won more than 250 trophies and awards over the past decade, for both field and |
{"datasets_id": 1769, "wiki_id": "Q5417213", "sp": 10, "sc": 505, "ep": 14, "ec": 294} | 1,769 | Q5417213 | 10 | 505 | 14 | 294 | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) | Evergreen Marching Band & Evergreen Theatre Department | parade marching. Some of the most noteworthy performances include the Portland Rose Parade, the premiere parade in the Northwest. source
More information about the Evergreen Marching Band and color guard at their website EHSboosters.org.
They won 2nd place at the 2015 NWAPA Championships. Evergreen's Marching Band Program was cut before the beginning of the 2017-2018 school year. Evergreen Theatre Department Evergreen's theatre department has become successful under the direction of Stephanie Kerns McCrea (director 2007–2015). Their fall productions frequently enhance the study of novels/plays throughout the district and such productions include Romeo and Juliet, The Outsiders Brave New World and |
{"datasets_id": 1769, "wiki_id": "Q5417213", "sp": 14, "sc": 294, "ep": 14, "ec": 944} | 1,769 | Q5417213 | 14 | 294 | 14 | 944 | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) | Evergreen Theatre Department | "Macbeth". Their productions have been featured in the newspapers The Columbian and The Oregonian. The Theatre Department, under McCrea, has also been recognized for its embracing of diversity amongst its students. Their 2011 production of "Night of the Living Dead" received accolades for featuring a deaf student in a major role as well as providing performances that were 100% interpreted by EHS students for the deaf community. In addition, their musical theatre productions are garnering attention and prestige. The theatre department has been recognized by the prestigious 5th Avenue Theatre Awards, for their 2011 production of "Little Shop |
{"datasets_id": 1769, "wiki_id": "Q5417213", "sp": 14, "sc": 944, "ep": 14, "ec": 1702} | 1,769 | Q5417213 | 14 | 944 | 14 | 1,702 | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) | Evergreen Theatre Department | of Horrors." (Outstanding Direction, Outstanding Choreography, Outstanding Music Direction, Outstanding Performance by a Chorus, Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble Group, Outstanding Lighting Design, Outstanding Orchestra, Outstanding Actor in a Leading Role, Outstanding Actor in a Supporting Role, Outstanding Achievement by a Student in Technical Theatre). In 2012, they received recognition for Lighting Design, Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role, Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble Group, Outstanding Stage Crew and Outstanding Achievement by a Student in Technical Theatre. In 2013, their production of Legally Blonde was recognized in the following categories: Outstanding Orchestra, Outstanding Performance by an Actress |
{"datasets_id": 1769, "wiki_id": "Q5417213", "sp": 14, "sc": 1702, "ep": 14, "ec": 2390} | 1,769 | Q5417213 | 14 | 1,702 | 14 | 2,390 | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) | Evergreen Theatre Department | in a Featured Ensemble Role (two nominees), Outstanding Achievement by a Student in Technical Theatre (two students) In 2014, they were recognized in the following categories for their 2014 production of Urinetown: Outstanding Music Direction, Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role, Outstanding Lighting Design, Outstanding Hair and Make-Up Design, Outstanding Achievement by a Student in Technical Theatre, Special Honors: Educational Impact.
In the fall of 2014, Stephanie McCrea was recognized by the Columbian for her direction with the show, The Investigation. In this production, McCrea and the cast tackled a recreation of the Frankfurt War Crimes Trials, |
{"datasets_id": 1769, "wiki_id": "Q5417213", "sp": 14, "sc": 2390, "ep": 18, "ec": 27} | 1,769 | Q5417213 | 14 | 2,390 | 18 | 27 | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) | Evergreen Theatre Department & Evergreen Choir | bringing the actual transcripts from the Frankfurt War Crimes trials to life. Students performed a chastening and purging documentary of deeply moving power for members of the community, history classes inside Evergreen High School, and classes from around the district. The 2015-2016 school year has once again had a great play, under new Drama teacher Margaret Gorman. The 2015 Fall play being "The Three Musketeers". Being featured In the Colombian newspaper three times. And an article on the new director was produced and published on the front page of the paper In the Columbian. Evergreen Choir Evergreen High School choir |
{"datasets_id": 1769, "wiki_id": "Q5417213", "sp": 18, "sc": 27, "ep": 26, "ec": 207} | 1,769 | Q5417213 | 18 | 27 | 26 | 207 | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) | Evergreen Choir & World Languages & Athletics | is currently directed by Ms. Margret Green. Their advanced choirs; Chamber choir, Advanced Women's choir, and Concert choir all went to Anaheim, California. All of them won third place in their categories. World Languages Evergreen offers ASL, French and Spanish Classes. The language teachers were applied for, and received a literacy grant from the district focusing on proficiency grading and literature analysis. Athletics Evergreen competes in, 3A (WIAA). They are a member of the Greater St. Helens 3A league.
In 2004, EHS football team became the first 4A team from the Southwest Washington District IV to make a state |
{"datasets_id": 1769, "wiki_id": "Q5417213", "sp": 26, "sc": 207, "ep": 30, "ec": 214} | 1,769 | Q5417213 | 26 | 207 | 30 | 214 | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) | Athletics & Controversies | championship game. After falling behind early 14-0 to Skyline Spartans, the Plainsmen rallied to win the game. Running back Taylor Rank stood out for the Plainsmen, carrying the ball 28 times for 211 yards and three touchdowns. Rank played football at the University of South Carolina until graduation in 2009.
2009 graduate Kyrell Hudson was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the third round of the 2009 MLB Draft. Controversies On June 22, 2018, former vice principal Sadie Pritchard was arrested and accused of having sexual relations with an underage student.
Other cases including a female Drama and English teacher being sentenced |
{"datasets_id": 1769, "wiki_id": "Q5417213", "sp": 30, "sc": 214, "ep": 30, "ec": 392} | 1,769 | Q5417213 | 30 | 214 | 30 | 392 | Evergreen High School (Vancouver, Washington) | Controversies | to five years in prison for having sex with a 15-year-old,
And a freshman science teacher allegedly trying to take upskirt pictures of a 14-year-old, have also occurred. |
{"datasets_id": 1770, "wiki_id": "Q1132261", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 55} | 1,770 | Q1132261 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 55 | Everson, Pennsylvania | Geography & Education | Everson, Pennsylvania Geography Everson is located on the northern edge of Fayette County at 40°5′26″N 79°35′13″W (40.090582, -79.587043). It is on the south side of Jacobs Creek, a tributary of the Youghiogheny River and which forms the border with Westmoreland County. The borough of Scottdale is to the north, directly across the creek from Everson. The city of Connellsville is 6 miles (10 km) to the south.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Everson has a total area of 0.19 square miles (0.50 km²), all of it land. Education Everson is served by the Southmoreland School District. |
{"datasets_id": 1771, "wiki_id": "Q5238638", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 575} | 1,771 | Q5238638 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 575 | Every Move You Make | Synopsis | Every Move You Make Synopsis Crime Unit Senior Inspector, Linus Yiu (Bowie Lam) has learnt his mind reading skills overseas. He is efficient and, by far, the most competent cop in his unit. He is able to analyze and read people’s minds just by observing their body language, facial expressions and from the tone of voice. In addition, he is also highly skilled when spotting disparities in testimonies and evidence.
However, his teammates find him to be a real pain in the neck. Newcomers, Phoenix (Kristal Tin) and Trevor (Bosco Wong) are especially annoyed by the unconventional way in which he |
{"datasets_id": 1771, "wiki_id": "Q5238638", "sp": 6, "sc": 575, "ep": 6, "ec": 864} | 1,771 | Q5238638 | 6 | 575 | 6 | 864 | Every Move You Make | Synopsis | does things. As a result, the pair often has confrontations and misunderstandings with the inspector. Things become worse when Linus learns that his half-sister, Perlie (Aimee Chan) is secretly going out with Trevor, and that Phoenix, who has recently been divorced, has a crush on Linus. |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 120} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 120 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Plot & Background Story & Development | Everyday I Love You (film) Plot A young woman, whose fiance is in a coma, falls in love with an achievement-oriented young man, leaving her torn between the man of her dreams, and the man who makes her dreams come true. Background Story Ethan (Enrique Gil) is a driven young man from Manila who works for a TV company. While Audrey (Liza Soberano) is a romantic old soul from Silay who is in a relationship with laid-back haciendero, Tristan (Gerald Anderson). Development Everyday, I Love You is a romantic-drama film directed by blockbuster hit-maker, Mae Czarina Cruz-Alviar. This will mark |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 14, "sc": 120, "ep": 14, "ec": 699} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 14 | 120 | 14 | 699 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Development | a reunion with Gerald Anderson, who worked previously with Direk Mae in Catch Me, I'm in Love, and with Enrique Gil and Liza Soberano, whom she worked with in 2013's romantic-comedy film She's The One.
In a story conference held July 28, Liza and Enrique talked about their roles in their upcoming Star Cinema movie. Liza plays Audrey, whom she describes as a “romantic with an old soul.” "I live in Silay, Bacolod, and I'm the type of person who's very patient." Meanwhile, Enrique plays Ethan, a guy who grew up with his father when his mother abandoned them to return |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 14, "sc": 699, "ep": 14, "ec": 1281} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 14 | 699 | 14 | 1,281 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Development | to her first love. Unlike Liza’s character, Enrique's is one who wants everything to be fast- paced. Playing third wheel is Gerald Anderson, who is cast as Tristan, Audrey’s boyfriend. Gerald describes his character as a 'probinsyano' and an old soul like his girlfriend. He is also a family man, but “something happens which changes my life completely.”
Direk Mae also said the reason why they chose "The Ruins" as part of the movie is because of its romantic feels. She also added that "...the cast gets a sense of mystery, sense of history, and sense of olden times" in |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 14, "sc": 1281, "ep": 18, "ec": 274} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 14 | 1,281 | 18 | 274 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Development & Filming | an interview conducted in The Morning Show Bacolod.
However Enrique Gil & Gerald Anderson Reuniting from The Kimerald's Last Film in 2010 Till My Heartaches End, Meanwhile Direk Mae Decided both Gil & Anderson Movie Tandem Together with Liza Soberano last July 30, 2015 at the Meeting of Star Creatives Office inside at ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center. Filming Filming began on July 30, 2015 at Bonifacio Global City. Although it was interrupted due to "Ghost Month" (which happened between August and September), they resumed filming in early September. Much of the production was on location in Silay, Manapla, specifically Hda. Sta. |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 18, "sc": 274, "ep": 22, "ec": 484} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 18 | 274 | 22 | 484 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Filming & Music | Rosalia Gaston Bacolod. They also filmed some parts of the movie in Pila, Laguna. Music It Might Be You was originally sung by Stephen Bishop for the 1982 film Tootsie. On October 8, Star Music announced and released the official music video of "It Might Be You", a rendition from Your Face Sounds Familiar contestant and Harana member Michael Pangilinan. This version of Michael's will serve as the official theme song of the film. This also marks his second time to sing the official theme song of hit love team, LizQuen. He sang the official theme song, an OPM classic, |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 22, "sc": 484, "ep": 26, "ec": 547} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 22 | 484 | 26 | 547 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Music & Marketing | "Smile In Your Heart" with the Harana Boys in Just The Way You Are, LizQuen's first film. Marketing On September 29, during the premiere night of Etiquette for Mistresses, a teaser of Star Cinema's upcoming film for the month of October was released, titled Everyday, I Love You.
On September 30, 2015 before midnight, Star Cinema released the first theatrical teaser of the film in their personal YouTube account.
On October 14, Star Cinema launched the theatrical full trailer of the film during the commercial break of FPJ's Ang Probinsyano.
On October 23, Star Cinema showed the second theatrical trailer of Everyday, I |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 26, "sc": 547, "ep": 30, "ec": 32} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 26 | 547 | 30 | 32 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Marketing & Release | Love You during the commercial break of Pangako Sa 'Yo.
On October 28, the official movie hashtag #NATIONALILOVEYOUDAY trended nationwide on Twitter. LizQuen fans proved unstoppable, which caused the hashtag to later gain even more traction and worldwide attention (it reached the number one spot in several lists, and ultimately garnered more than 3 million tweets). It trended in a record 62 countries, with Hollywood and international celebrities/institutions (USA Today, MTV, Star Wars, SNL, NBC, Harry Styles, Miranda Kerr, Antonio Banderas, Zoe Saldana, and many others) joining in on the "I love you" trend. Release The film was released on October |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 30, "sc": 32, "ep": 38, "ec": 138} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 30 | 32 | 38 | 138 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Release & Rating & Box office | 28, 2015 nationwide. The US and Canada premiere was on November 6. 7, 8 was in UK, Austria, Italy, France, and Spain, and on November 12, in Middle East, Australia and New Zealand, on November 14 and 15 UK and, on November 22 was in Singapore. Rating The film received a graded B by the Cinema Evaluation Board. It also was Rated G by the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB). Box office Everyday I Love You earned ₱16 million on its first day of showing. After less than two weeks, it earned ₱100 million. The total worldwide |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 38, "sc": 138, "ep": 42, "ec": 621} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 38 | 138 | 42 | 621 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Box office & Critical response | gross is ₱178,739,010 after three weeks. Critical response Everyday I Love You received positive reviews. Rito Asilo of Philippine Daily Inquirer praised the film saying, "The swoon-worthy romantic tear-jerker effectively brings out what makes Tinseltown’s most photogenic young couple tick and click, and gives hopeless romantics good reason to happily swoon in their seats—but, at the expense of Gerald Anderson, who fritters his third-wheel character Tristan’s romantic chances away, “While You Were Sleeping”-style!" And the lead cast also received praises saying "Enrique and Liza don’t just play to the peanut gallery, they make their potent kilig moments soar. The intimate |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 42, "sc": 621, "ep": 42, "ec": 1277} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 42 | 621 | 42 | 1,277 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Critical response | scenes they share are organically staged by Alviar with a lot of heart, fueled further by Soberano’s disarming dramatic perspicacity and appealing presence." Moreover, he highly praises Liza Soberano, "The gorgeously photographed film’s biggest thespic draw is its leading lady: Soberano’s acting choices may need more texture and refinement—but, at only 17, lovely Liza is quickly coming into her own as a fine actress!". Abby Mendoza of Pep.ph said "Everyday I Love You doesn’t make things difficult for itself. It remains focused and grounded on its premise, reinforcing it with a coherent plot, great performances, and the formidable chemistry between |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 42, "sc": 1277, "ep": 42, "ec": 1898} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 42 | 1,277 | 42 | 1,898 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Critical response | its two leads. While Enrique Gil confirms that he is by now adept at leading man roles, it is Liza Soberano who particularly stands out—which isn’t to harp on her beautiful face on screen. She is a natural who displays the right restraint, pleasing to watch all the more since she doesn’t try too hard. Gerald Anderson, who deviates from his conventional leading man roles in this film, makes for an effective third party.
The Cinema Evaluation Board of the Philippines said "The Film Deserves an incentive for Imparting good values and its wholesome entertainment". On Director, "Director Mae Cruz-Alviar, whose |
{"datasets_id": 1772, "wiki_id": "Q21010854", "sp": 42, "sc": 1898, "ep": 42, "ec": 2434} | 1,772 | Q21010854 | 42 | 1,898 | 42 | 2,434 | Everyday I Love You (film) | Critical response | forte seems to be the romantic comedy, appears well at home in this latest project, capable and sincere and devoid of pretension." On Cinematography, there was "nice use of available light in the Negros scenes, where filmmakers must be commended for making the province a veritable character in the movie." And they also praised Liza Soberano raving, "Winning unanimous raves was lead Liza Soberano who displays depth and range and shows much promise. How can someone so young be so adept at her role which she nails down beautifully?" |
{"datasets_id": 1773, "wiki_id": "Q3607588", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 7} | 1,773 | Q3607588 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 7 | Everyone Worth Knowing | Plot introduction & Explanation of title & Plot summary | Everyone Worth Knowing Plot introduction The story takes place in the mid-2000s, probably in 2005 (the Iraq War is referred to in passing, and the 2004 U.S. presidential election is discussed as if it were in the recent past), mostly in New York but with departures to Istanbul and Poughkeepsie. Explanation of title I have an office full of people whose job it is to know everyone worth knowing. Thirty-five thousand names, actually, and we can get in touch with any of them at any time. It's what we do.
— Kelly, describing her public relations business to Bette. Plot summary Shaken |
{"datasets_id": 1773, "wiki_id": "Q3607588", "sp": 14, "sc": 6, "ep": 14, "ec": 632} | 1,773 | Q3607588 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 632 | Everyone Worth Knowing | Plot summary | by the news that her best friend Penelope has gotten engaged to Avery, who neither she nor Penelope's other friends think is right for her, Bette Robinson suddenly quits her job at UBS, the investment banking firm where she has worked in the five years since she and Penelope graduated from Emory. However, she does little to find a new direction in life until her uncle Will, an aging nationally syndicated entertainment columnist, introduces her to event planner Kelly.
Shortly thereafter, Bette finds herself working for Kelly & Co., planning parties, eating and drinking at the city's most fashionable night spots |
{"datasets_id": 1773, "wiki_id": "Q3607588", "sp": 14, "sc": 632, "ep": 14, "ec": 1234} | 1,773 | Q3607588 | 14 | 632 | 14 | 1,234 | Everyone Worth Knowing | Plot summary | ... and becoming a regular subject of a popular online gossip column, whose anonymous author seems determined to link her romantically to wealthy playboy Philip Weston. While she does find Philip somewhat attractive, much like the heroines of the romance novels she secretly indulges in, and the association becomes of great benefit to her in her new job, she is later drawn to Sammy, a bouncer at Bungalow 8 who turns out to be from her hometown of Poughkeepsie and harbors ambitions of being a chef.
The two connect on a trip to Istanbul, and Sammy's culinary skills impress Bette's parents, |
{"datasets_id": 1773, "wiki_id": "Q3607588", "sp": 14, "sc": 1234, "ep": 18, "ec": 246} | 1,773 | Q3607588 | 14 | 1,234 | 18 | 246 | Everyone Worth Knowing | Plot summary & Major themes | former 1960s radicals, on a Thanksgiving trip back to Poughkeepsie. But he, too, is tied to a wealthy socialite, and dreams of escaping the high life to open a small restaurant. Bette, meanwhile, finds herself growing distant from Penelope and her other friends, and must choose between the person she once was and the one she is becoming. Major themes Like The Devil Wears Prada, Everyone Worth Knowing is essentially a morality play in which an unglamorous young single woman is suddenly thrust into a glamorous New York industry and slowly starts to get comfortable in it, despite keeping herself |
{"datasets_id": 1773, "wiki_id": "Q3607588", "sp": 18, "sc": 246, "ep": 22, "ec": 174} | 1,773 | Q3607588 | 18 | 246 | 22 | 174 | Everyone Worth Knowing | Major themes & Foreign titles | at a distance, at the expense of her relationship with family and friends, only to decisively reject it and begin to get what she really needs. Unlike its predecessor, however, the novel depicts far more decadent behavior from its wealthy elite, including casual sex, the frequent use of various illegal drugs and women starving themselves to the point that they frequently pass out from sheer hunger. Foreign titles Although in most countries the book has the same title, or a direct translation, the title in some European countries is Gossip and Gucci, but in Spain the book is called How |
{"datasets_id": 1773, "wiki_id": "Q3607588", "sp": 22, "sc": 174, "ep": 26, "ec": 162} | 1,773 | Q3607588 | 22 | 174 | 26 | 162 | Everyone Worth Knowing | Foreign titles & Allusions and references to other works | to be the coolest in New York, in Finland VIP-ihmisiä (VIP-people), in Sweden Alla var där (Everyone was there) and in Italy is Al diavolo piace Dolce (The devil likes Dolce "& Gabbana"). This has to do with the success of The devil wears Prada. The cover art in the Netherlands is also very similar to the movie's poster. The Polish title is Butler Wears Gabbana Suit. Allusions and references to other works Bette's guilty pleasure leads to many romance novel titles, possibly fictional, being mentioned, such as The Very Bad Boy and Her Royal Bodyguard. On the plane to |
{"datasets_id": 1773, "wiki_id": "Q3607588", "sp": 26, "sc": 162, "ep": 30, "ec": 456} | 1,773 | Q3607588 | 26 | 162 | 30 | 456 | Everyone Worth Knowing | Allusions and references to other works & Critical reception and sales | Istanbul, the characters watch Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction. Critical reception and sales Weisberger's second novel received generally unfavorable reviews. The New York Times Book Review described it as "fatuous, clunky." USA Today called it "lackluster imitation," and Entertainment Weekly said it was "ho-hum rehash." Despite debuting on the New York Times Best Seller List at #10, it dropped off the list in two weeks and was noted for its disappointing, declining sales. Publisher Simon & Schuster paid Weisberger $1 million for the novel. |
{"datasets_id": 1774, "wiki_id": "Q5417925", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 125} | 1,774 | Q5417925 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 125 | Everything's Ducky | Plot | Everything's Ducky Plot Two sailors sneak a talking duck aboard their ship. Complications ensue. The duck waddles all over the ship until he escapes. |
{"datasets_id": 1775, "wiki_id": "Q5417957", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 80} | 1,775 | Q5417957 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 80 | Everything (P-Money song) | Release and chart performance & Music video | Everything (P-Money song) Release and chart performance The single was released in New Zealand in September 2008 debuting at #40 on the RIANZ New Zealand Singles Chart, and peaked at #1 on 13 October. Vince Harder, the vocalist of the song, is known for portraying the lead role of Simba in the Australian version of The Lion King stage production.
The song was certified Gold in New Zealand with sales of 7,500+ after eight weeks and has currently spent 23 weeks on the chart. Music video The music video was directed by Rebecca Gin and P-Money and was produced by Fish |
{"datasets_id": 1775, "wiki_id": "Q5417957", "sp": 10, "sc": 80, "ep": 10, "ec": 444} | 1,775 | Q5417957 | 10 | 80 | 10 | 444 | Everything (P-Money song) | Music video | 'N' Clips.
The concept was that having music around is like having a 'shoulder buddy', and he feels like he has a friend, even if his real-life relationship failed to blossom. Unfortunately, his music player was stolen, taking his shoulder buddy away from him, and leaving P-Money alone in the middle of the alley with only his unplugged headphones on. |
{"datasets_id": 1776, "wiki_id": "Q5418152", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 567} | 1,776 | Q5418152 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 567 | Everything on a Waffle | Plot summary | Everything on a Waffle Plot summary Everything on a Waffle, set in a small Canadian of Coal Harbor fishing village, tells the story of an eleven-year-old girl named Primrose Squarp. One night, a storm hits their town. Her father is out to sea during the storm, so her mother leaves Primrose with a neighbor while she takes a boat out to go find him. Primrose's parents disappear in the typhoon, but Primrose refuses to believe they are dead and doesn't attend their memorial service.
While she defends her family's survival, her custody situation moves around from aging neighbor Miss Perfidy to |
{"datasets_id": 1776, "wiki_id": "Q5418152", "sp": 6, "sc": 567, "ep": 6, "ec": 1151} | 1,776 | Q5418152 | 6 | 567 | 6 | 1,151 | Everything on a Waffle | Plot summary | her preoccupied, but caring Uncle Jack. The only thing that remains constant is her enjoyment of a restaurant called the Girl on the Red Swing, where each menu item is served on a waffle. Restaurant owner Kate Bowzer takes Primrose under her wing. She teaches her how to cook (recipes are all cited in a notepad). She doesn't question or criticize her, even through her odd predicaments, such as accidentally setting the class guinea pig on fire.
Primrose is taken from the custody of her uncle Jack after a series of accidents, including losing a toe and part of her finger. |
{"datasets_id": 1776, "wiki_id": "Q5418152", "sp": 6, "sc": 1151, "ep": 6, "ec": 1753} | 1,776 | Q5418152 | 6 | 1,151 | 6 | 1,753 | Everything on a Waffle | Plot summary | Uncle Jack is said to be fighting "tooth and nail" for custody of her. As a foster kid, she is put into the home of an older couple, Evie and Bert. Although, they are all fond of each other, Primrose does not seem able to develop an attachment to them, likely because of her history of unstable living.
While in foster care, the mental state of Primrose's former guardian, Miss Perfidy, quickly deteriorates. While Primrose is visiting her in the hospital, Miss Perfidy dies, but Primrose does not exhibit much of a reaction.
Through her oddities and accidents, Primrose becomes a town |
{"datasets_id": 1776, "wiki_id": "Q5418152", "sp": 6, "sc": 1753, "ep": 6, "ec": 2331} | 1,776 | Q5418152 | 6 | 1,753 | 6 | 2,331 | Everything on a Waffle | Plot summary | curiosity, with neighbors questioning her emotional state. But even through all of this, Primrose never gives up hope in finding her parents and being a normal family again. Primrose is eventually returned to her uncle, but remains in contact with Bert and Evie, as they see her as a granddaughter figure. Later on, her parents come back, which is a real shock to everyone in town. Uncle Jack faints upon seeing them alive, and Primrose embraces her parents. They reveal that the storm had washed them up on a shore, where they had survived until they flagged down a passing-by |
{"datasets_id": 1776, "wiki_id": "Q5418152", "sp": 6, "sc": 2331, "ep": 6, "ec": 2671} | 1,776 | Q5418152 | 6 | 2,331 | 6 | 2,671 | Everything on a Waffle | Plot summary | ship.
Throughout her unstable life, Primrose remains rock solid in her belief that her parents will return. She gathers many stories from many people regarding times when they have "just known" something was true, even though they mightn't have had proof. This helps develop the main theme of this strange story: hope is not crazy. |
{"datasets_id": 1777, "wiki_id": "Q1371557", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 308} | 1,777 | Q1371557 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 308 | Evgeni Paladiev | Evgeni Paladiev Yevgeny Ivanovich Paladiev Евгений Иванович Паладьев (May 12, 1948 – January 9, 2010) was an ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League. He was born in Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakh SSR, USSR.
Paladiev played for HC Spartak Moscow and was inducted into the Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1969. |
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{"datasets_id": 1778, "wiki_id": "Q2257314", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 612} | 1,778 | Q2257314 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 612 | Ewald Krolis | Biography | Ewald Krolis Biography Krolis started singing at a young age; he formed The Rhythm Makers with Bertje Tjin A Kwie, André Stekkel and producer-to-be Stan Lokhin. Their repertoire of kaseko, calypso, soul, merengue and reggae earned Krolis a residency at the local Torarica Hotel's Saramacca-bar. In November 1975 he joined the exodus to the Netherlands after Surinam became an independent state. Krolis settled in Rotterdam where he formed Caribbean Combo; the other members were his brother Robby, John Kembel, Iwan Tjon Akon, Lesley Leeflang, August Cabenda and Ramon Laparra who went on to lead his own band Master Blaster. Caribbean |
{"datasets_id": 1778, "wiki_id": "Q2257314", "sp": 6, "sc": 612, "ep": 6, "ec": 1223} | 1,778 | Q2257314 | 6 | 612 | 6 | 1,223 | Ewald Krolis | Biography | Combo signed to Unice Records, an independent niche-label, and released their first two singles (Merie Mie and Mie Ne Meri Deng; packed in near-identical sleeveworks) in 1977. A debut-album followed in 1979; Switie Bamaro consisted of ten new recordings including cover-versions of The Blues Busters' Wide Awake In A Dream (translated in Surinamese) and Eddy Grant's Say I Love You. Throughout the first half of the 1980s Krolis released 12-inch singles such as 1984's Mie Lobi which came out on Mirza Records; it's B-side Mi Kanto Ma Mi De Ete (Fallen But Not Defeated) became one of Krolis' best-known songs. |
{"datasets_id": 1778, "wiki_id": "Q2257314", "sp": 6, "sc": 1223, "ep": 6, "ec": 1712} | 1,778 | Q2257314 | 6 | 1,223 | 6 | 1,712 | Ewald Krolis | Biography | Pop radio-station 3FM took notice by 1985 and invited Caribbean Combo for a live-concert; only few other kaseko-bands achieved this. In 1986 Krolis got involved in a car crash that left him disabled and practically deaf; he secluded but managed to record one more album; Biegie Famier' Mang, produced by Lesley Leeflang and released in 1995 to positive reviews. Plans for a follow-up album never materialised; Krolis died on September 22, 2006 in a hospital in Rotterdam's Dijkzigt-area. |
{"datasets_id": 1779, "wiki_id": "Q455576", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 480} | 1,779 | Q455576 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 480 | Ewelina Staszulonek | Ewelina Staszulonek Ewelina Staszulonek (born February 17, 1985 in Jarosław) is a Polish luger who has competed since 2003. Competing in two Winter Olympics, she earned her best finish of eighth in the women's singles event at Vancouver in 2010.
Staszulonek's best finish at the FIL World Luge Championships was 13th in the women's singles event at Lake Placid, New York in 2009. Her best finish at the FIL European Luge Championships was 14th in the women's singles event twice (2004, 2010). |
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{"datasets_id": 1780, "wiki_id": "Q5419440", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 587} | 1,780 | Q5419440 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 587 | Exceller 8 | Background | Exceller 8 Background The album is a sampler of material from the first four Kraftwerk albums – Kraftwerk, Kraftwerk 2, Ralf und Florian, Autobahn – and includes some versions of tracks that had been edited down for release on singles, such as "Autobahn", as well as simple excerpts from longer album tracks, such as "Kling-Klang". Only the pair of tracks from the Ralf und Florian album, "Tongebirge" and "Kristallo", are entirely free of cuts.
Track selection was by Alan Cowderoy (later an A&R manager at Stiff Records) and sound engineering is credited to Steve Brown, though it is unclear if they |
{"datasets_id": 1780, "wiki_id": "Q5419440", "sp": 6, "sc": 587, "ep": 6, "ec": 1030} | 1,780 | Q5419440 | 6 | 587 | 6 | 1,030 | Exceller 8 | Background | created the edited versions of the two tracks released as singles. The three-minute version of "Autobahn" (edited down from an original album length of 22:30) is the same as the three-minute UK single mix, which had been a top 20 hit in the UK. A different 3:28 edit, released in 1974, received considerable airplay in the US. "Comet Melody 2" failed to chart.
The album was issued on vinyl, 8-Track and cassette and deleted in 1980. |
{"datasets_id": 1781, "wiki_id": "Q17011401", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 632} | 1,781 | Q17011401 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 632 | Exchange spring magnet | Principle | Exchange spring magnet Principle First proposed by Kneller and Hawig in 1991, the exchange spring magnet utilizes the epitaxy between hard and soft magnetic materials: the hard material helps retain the soft material's anisotropy, which increases its coercivity.
The magnetic hysteresis loop of an exchange spring magnet theoretically takes on a shape resembling that of a summation of its hard and soft magnetic components (as seen in Figure 1), meaning its energy product is higher than those of its components. A magnet's maximum energy product (BH)ₘₐₓ, which is roughly proportional to its coercivity (HC) and magnetization saturation (Mₛₐₜ), is used as |
{"datasets_id": 1781, "wiki_id": "Q17011401", "sp": 6, "sc": 632, "ep": 6, "ec": 1319} | 1,781 | Q17011401 | 6 | 632 | 6 | 1,319 | Exchange spring magnet | Principle | a metric of its ability to do magnetic work as (BH)ₘₐₓ is twice the magnet's available magnetostatic energy. The exchange spring magnet offers a geometry able to improve upon the previously reported maximum energy products of materials such as Rare Earth/Transition Metal complexes; while both materials have sufficiently large HC values and operate at relatively high Curie Temperatures, the exchange spring magnet can achieve much higher Mₛₐₜ values than the Rare Earth/Transition Metal (RE-TM) complexes.
An important component of exchange spring magnets is anisotropy: while exchange spring magnets that are isotropic in bulk still exhibit a greater energy product than many |
{"datasets_id": 1781, "wiki_id": "Q17011401", "sp": 6, "sc": 1319, "ep": 10, "ec": 494} | 1,781 | Q17011401 | 6 | 1,319 | 10 | 494 | Exchange spring magnet | Principle & Exchange spring magnet | RE-TM magnets, the energy product of their anisotropic form is theorized to be significantly higher. Exchange spring magnet In the exchange spring magnet, the hard phase has high coercivity and the soft phase has high saturation. The hard phase and the soft phase interact through their interface by exchange coupling.
From left to right in Figure 3, an external field is first applied in an upward direction in order to saturate the magnet. Then, the external field is reversed and starts to demagnetize the magnet. Since the coercivity of the hard phase is relatively high, the moments remain unchanged so as |
{"datasets_id": 1781, "wiki_id": "Q17011401", "sp": 10, "sc": 494, "ep": 10, "ec": 1109} | 1,781 | Q17011401 | 10 | 494 | 10 | 1,109 | Exchange spring magnet | Exchange spring magnet | to minimize the anisotropy and exchange energy. The magnetic moments in the soft phase start rotating to align with the applied field. Because of the exchange coupling at the soft/hard interface, the magnetic moments at the soft phase boundary have to align with the adjacent moment in hard phase. At the regions close to the interface, because of exchange coupling, the chain of magnetic moments acts like a spring. If the external field is increased, more moments in soft phase rotate downward, and the width of the transition region becomes smaller as the exchange energy density increases. The magnetic moments |
{"datasets_id": 1781, "wiki_id": "Q17011401", "sp": 10, "sc": 1109, "ep": 10, "ec": 1711} | 1,781 | Q17011401 | 10 | 1,109 | 10 | 1,711 | Exchange spring magnet | Exchange spring magnet | in the hard phase do not rotate until the external field is high enough that the exchange energy density in the transition region is comparable to the anisotropy energy density in the hard phase. At this point, the rotation of magnetic moments in the soft phase starts to affect the hard phase. As the external field surpasses the hard material's coercivity, the hard magnet gets fully demagnetized.
In the previous process, when the magnetic moments in the hard magnet start to rotate, the intensity of external field is already much higher than the coercivity of the soft phase, but there is |
{"datasets_id": 1781, "wiki_id": "Q17011401", "sp": 10, "sc": 1711, "ep": 10, "ec": 2315} | 1,781 | Q17011401 | 10 | 1,711 | 10 | 2,315 | Exchange spring magnet | Exchange spring magnet | still a transition region in soft phase. If the thickness of the soft phase is less than twice as thick as the transition region, the soft phase should have a large effective coercivity, smaller than but comparable to the coercivity of the hard phase.
In a thin soft phase, it is hard for the external field to rotate the magnetic moments, similar to a hard magnet with high saturation magnetization. After applying a high external field to partially demagnetize the magnetic moments in the hard phase and after subsequently removing the external field, the rotated moments in the soft phase can |
{"datasets_id": 1781, "wiki_id": "Q17011401", "sp": 10, "sc": 2315, "ep": 10, "ec": 2971} | 1,781 | Q17011401 | 10 | 2,315 | 10 | 2,971 | Exchange spring magnet | Exchange spring magnet | be rotated back by exchange coupling with the hard phase (Figure 5). This phenomenon is shown in the hysteresis loop of an exchange spring magnet (Figure 6).
Comparing the exchange spring magnet's hysteresis loop with that of a conventional hard magnet demonstrates that the exchange spring magnet is more likely to recover from the opposing external field. When the external field is removed, the remanent magnetization can recover to a value close to its original. The name "exchange spring magnet" is derived from the reversibility of magnetization.
The dimension of the soft phase inside the exchange spring magnet should be kept small |
{"datasets_id": 1781, "wiki_id": "Q17011401", "sp": 10, "sc": 2971, "ep": 10, "ec": 3560} | 1,781 | Q17011401 | 10 | 2,971 | 10 | 3,560 | Exchange spring magnet | Exchange spring magnet | enough so as to retain reversible magnetization. Additionally, the volume fraction of the soft phase needs to be as large as possible in order to achieve a high magnetization saturation. One viable material geometry is to fabricate a magnet by embedding hard particles inside a soft matrix. That way, the soft matrix material occupies the largest volume fraction while being close to the hard particles. The size and spacing of the hard particles is on the scale of nanometers. If the hard magnets are spheres on an fcc space lattice in the soft magnetic phase, the volume fraction of the |
{"datasets_id": 1781, "wiki_id": "Q17011401", "sp": 10, "sc": 3560, "ep": 10, "ec": 3703} | 1,781 | Q17011401 | 10 | 3,560 | 10 | 3,703 | Exchange spring magnet | Exchange spring magnet | hard phase can be 9%. Since the total magnetization saturation is summed up by volume fraction, it is close to the value of a pure soft phase. |
{"datasets_id": 1782, "wiki_id": "Q55611263", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 604} | 1,782 | Q55611263 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 604 | Executive head teacher | Executive head teacher An executive head teacher, executive head master, executive head mistress, executive head or executive principal is the substantive or strategic head teacher of more than one school in the United Kingdom.
The position role of an executive head teacher usually comes in one of three forms: The appointed executive head is responsible for the management of more than one school. They remain the head teacher of their current school, but also become the strategic leader of one or more other schools. The executive head has no substantive headship in any school but remains the strategic leader of a |
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{"datasets_id": 1782, "wiki_id": "Q55611263", "sp": 4, "sc": 604, "ep": 4, "ec": 1217} | 1,782 | Q55611263 | 4 | 604 | 4 | 1,217 | Executive head teacher | chain, federation or collaboration of schools. In the case of the third option, the executive head teacher is above the head teachers appointed to manage each individual school within the consortium.
The role of executive heads was first introduced in 2004 when in 1996 the then Prime Minister Tony Blair announced that a new policy would allow head teachers who had been classed as outstanding to take over the leadership of schools who had been designated by local authorities as failing. The idea put forward that once the standards in those failing schools had improved, a new head teacher could take |
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{"datasets_id": 1782, "wiki_id": "Q55611263", "sp": 4, "sc": 1217, "ep": 4, "ec": 1435} | 1,782 | Q55611263 | 4 | 1,217 | 4 | 1,435 | Executive head teacher | over. Today however the role and idea of and executive head teacher has expanded, with many staying in place within a system leadership role rather than specific headship roles; working with a number of head teachers. |
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{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 558} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 558 | Exhaust system | Design criteria | Exhaust system Design criteria An exhaust pipe must be carefully designed to carry toxic and/or noxious gases away from the users of the machine. Indoor generators and furnaces can quickly fill an enclosed space with poisonous exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, if they are not properly vented to the outdoors. Also, the gases from most types of machines are very hot; the pipe must be heat-resistant, and it must not pass through or near anything that can burn or can be damaged by heat. A chimney serves as an exhaust pipe in a stationary structure. |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 6, "sc": 558, "ep": 10, "ec": 329} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 6 | 558 | 10 | 329 | Exhaust system | Design criteria & Motorcycles | For the internal combustion engine it is important to have the exhaust system "tuned" (refer to tuned exhaust) for optimal efficiency. Also this should meet the regulation norms maintained in each country. In China, China 5; In European countries, EURO 5; In India, BS-4, etc., Motorcycles In most motorcycles all or most of the exhaust system is visible and may be chrome plated as a display feature. Aftermarket exhausts may be made from steel, aluminium, titanium, or carbon fiber.
Motorcycle exhausts come in many varieties depending on the type of engine and its intended use. A twin cylinder bike may have |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 10, "sc": 329, "ep": 10, "ec": 921} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 10 | 329 | 10 | 921 | Exhaust system | Motorcycles | independent exhaust sections, as seen in the Kawasaki EX250 (also known as the Ninja 250 in the US, or the GPX 250), or alternatively a single exhaust section known as a two-into-one (2-1). 4 cylinder machines, super-sport bikes like Kawasaki's ZX series, Honda's CBR series, Yamaha's YZF series, latterly titled R6 and R1, and Suzuki's GSX-R, often have a twin exhaust system. A "full system" may be bought as an aftermarket accessory, also called a 4-2-1 or 4-1, depending on its layout. In the past, these bikes would come as standard with a single exhaust muffler, a practice that lasted |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 10, "sc": 921, "ep": 14, "ec": 432} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 10 | 921 | 14 | 432 | Exhaust system | Motorcycles & Trucks | until the early 2000's, when EU noise and pollution regulations mostly stopped this practice, forcing companies to use other methods to increase performance of the motorcycle. Trucks In many trucks / lorries all or most of the exhaust system is visible, often with a vertical exhaust pipe. Often in such trucks the silencer is surrounded by a perforated metal sheath to avoid people getting burnt touching the hot silencer. This sheath may be chrome plated as a display feature.
Part of the pipe between the engine and the silencer is often flexible metal industrial ducting, which helps to avoid vibration |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 14, "sc": 432, "ep": 18, "ec": 150} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 14 | 432 | 18 | 150 | Exhaust system | Trucks & Two-stroke engines | from the engine being transferred into the exhaust system. Sometimes a large diesel exhaust pipe is vertical, to blow the hot noxious gas well away from people; in such cases the end of the exhaust pipe often has a hinged metal flap to stop debris, birds and rainwater from falling inside.
In former times, exhaust systems of trucks / lorries in Britain were usually out of sight underneath the chassis. Two-stroke engines In a two-stroke engine, such as that used on dirt bikes, a bulge in the exhaust pipe known as an expansion chamber uses the pressure of the exhaust to |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 18, "sc": 150, "ep": 26, "ec": 226} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 18 | 150 | 26 | 226 | Exhaust system | Two-stroke engines & Outboard motors & Manifold or header | create a pump that squeezes more air and fuel into the cylinder during the intake stroke. This provides greater power and fuel efficiency. See Kadenacy effect. Outboard motors In outboard motors the exhaust system is usually a vertical passage through the engine structure and to reduce out-of-water noise blows out underwater, sometimes through the middle of the propeller. Manifold or header In most production engines, the manifold is an assembly designed to collect the exhaust gas from two or more cylinders into one pipe. Manifolds are often made of cast iron in stock production cars, and may have material-saving |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 26, "sc": 226, "ep": 26, "ec": 831} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 26 | 226 | 26 | 831 | Exhaust system | Manifold or header | design features such as to use the least metal, to occupy the least space necessary, or have the lowest production cost. These design restrictions often result in a design that is cost effective but that does not do the most efficient job of venting the gases from the engine. Inefficiencies generally occur due to the nature of the combustion engine and its cylinders. Since cylinders fire at different times, exhaust leaves them at different times, and pressure waves from gas emerging from one cylinder might not be completely vacated through the exhaust system when another comes. This creates a back |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 26, "sc": 831, "ep": 26, "ec": 1558} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 26 | 831 | 26 | 1,558 | Exhaust system | Manifold or header | pressure and restriction in the engine's exhaust system that can restrict the engine's true performance possibilities.
Regardless of the negative attributes focused upon by potential sellers of steel tube exhaust outlet configurations, engineers who design engine components choose conventional cast iron exhaust manifolds can similarly list positive attributes, such as an array of heat management properties and superior longevity than any other type of exhaust outlet design. For the average consumer, having trouble with an exhaust outlet system may qualify as 'poorer performance'.
A header is a manifold specifically designed for performance. During design, engineers create a manifold without regard to |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 26, "sc": 1558, "ep": 26, "ec": 2169} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 26 | 1,558 | 26 | 2,169 | Exhaust system | Manifold or header | weight or cost but instead for optimal flow of the exhaust gases. This design results in a header that is more efficient at scavenging the exhaust from the cylinders. Headers are generally circular steel tubing with bends and folds calculated to make the paths from each cylinder's exhaust port to the common outlet all equal length, and joined at narrow angles to encourage pressure waves to flow through the outlet, and not back towards other cylinders. In a set of tuned headers the pipe lengths are carefully calculated to enhance exhaust flow in a particular engine revolutions per minute range.
A |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 26, "sc": 2169, "ep": 26, "ec": 2766} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 26 | 2,169 | 26 | 2,766 | Exhaust system | Manifold or header | common method of increasing the power output of an engine is the use of upgraded headers. The increased power output is often due to a result of a larger cross-section area of the pipes (reducing the resistance on the exhaust gasses) and/or designing the pipe lengths so that the pressure wave assists in exhaust scavenging. For inline-four engines and V8 engines, exhaust manifolds are usually either a 4-2-1 design (where the four pipes merge into two, followed by a separate merge of these two pipes into one) or a 4-1 design (where the four pipes directly merge into one).
Headers are |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 26, "sc": 2766, "ep": 26, "ec": 3429} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 26 | 2,766 | 26 | 3,429 | Exhaust system | Manifold or header | generally made by aftermarket automotive companies, but sometimes can be bought from the high-performance parts department at car dealerships. Generally, most car performance enthusiasts buy aftermarket headers made by companies solely focused on producing reliable, cost-effective well-designed headers specifically for their car. Headers can also be custom designed by a custom shop. Due to the advanced materials that some aftermarket headers are made of, this can be expensive. Luckily, an exhaust system can be custom built for any car, and generally is not specific to the car's motor or design except for needing to properly connect solidly to the engine. |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 26, "sc": 3429, "ep": 30, "ec": 471} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 26 | 3,429 | 30 | 471 | Exhaust system | Manifold or header & Catalytic converter | This is usually accomplished by correct sizing in the design stage, and selecting a proper gasket type and size for the engine. Catalytic converter Some systems (including in former time all systems) (sometimes nowadays called catless or de-cat) eliminate the catalytic converter. It is illegal and is against Federal Law in the United States and other countries to not have a catalytic converter. Converters may not be removed from a vehicle that is used only for "off-road" driving in the United States. The main purpose of a catalytic converter on an automobile is to reduce harmful emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 30, "sc": 471, "ep": 34, "ec": 107} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 30 | 471 | 34 | 107 | Exhaust system | Catalytic converter & Piping | monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere. They work by transforming the polluted exhaust components into water and carbon dioxide.
Catalytic converters can cause back pressure if they are not designed for the required flow rate or if they are clogged. In these situations, upgrading or removal of the catalytic converter can increase power at high revs. However, the catalytic converter is a key component of the vehicle's emission control systems, therefore a non-standard product can cause a vehicle to be unroadworthy. Piping The piping that connects all of the individual components of the exhaust system is called the exhaust pipe. |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 34, "sc": 107, "ep": 38, "ec": 69} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 34 | 107 | 38 | 69 | Exhaust system | Piping & Muffler | If the diameter is too small, power at high RPM will be reduced. Too large a diameter can reduce torque at low RPM and can cause the exhaust to sit lower to the ground, increasing the risk of it being hit and damaged while the car is moving.
On cars with two sets of exhaust pipes, a crossover pipe is often used to connect the two pipes. Common designs of crossover pipes are a perpendicular pipe ('H-pipe', due to its shape) or angled pipes that slowly merge and separate ('X-pipe'). Muffler The original equipment mufflers typically reduce the noise level from |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 38, "sc": 69, "ep": 38, "ec": 753} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 38 | 69 | 38 | 753 | Exhaust system | Muffler | the tailpipe by bouncing sound waves off of the back, front, and sides of the muffler. They are designed to meet the maximum allowable noise level required by government regulations, however some original equipment mufflers are a significant source of back pressure.
Glasspack mufflers (also called 'cannons' or 'hotdogs') are straight-through design mufflers which consist of an inner perforated tube, an outer solid tube and fibreglass sound insulation between the two tubes. They often have less back pressure than original equipment mufflers, but are relatively ineffective at reducing sound levels. Another common type of muffler is the chambered muffler, which consists |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 38, "sc": 753, "ep": 42, "ec": 48} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 38 | 753 | 42 | 48 | Exhaust system | Muffler & Tailpipe and exhaust | of a series of concentric or eccentric pipes inside the expansion chamber cavity. These pipes allow sound to travel into them and cause the sound waves to bounce off the closed, flat, ends of the pipe. These reflections partially cancel each other out, reducing the sound level.
Resonators are sections of pipe that expand to a larger diameter and allow the sound waves to reflect off the walls and cancel out, therefore reducing the noise level. Resonators can be used inside mufflers, or also as separate components in an exhaust system. Tailpipe and exhaust With trucks, sometimes the silencer is crossways |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 42, "sc": 48, "ep": 42, "ec": 608} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 42 | 48 | 42 | 608 | Exhaust system | Tailpipe and exhaust | under the front of the cab and its tailpipe blows sideways to the offside (right side if driving on the left, left side if driving on the right). The side of a passenger car on which the exhaust exits beneath the rear bumper usually indicates the market for which the vehicle was designed, i.e. Japanese (and some older British) vehicles have exhausts on the right so they are furthest from the curb in countries which drive on the left, while European vehicles have exhausts on the left.
The end of the final length of exhaust pipe where it vents to |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 42, "sc": 608, "ep": 42, "ec": 1166} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 42 | 608 | 42 | 1,166 | Exhaust system | Tailpipe and exhaust | open air, generally the only visible part of the exhaust system part on a vehicle, often ends with just a straight or angled cut, but may include a fancy tip. The tip is sometimes chromed. It is often of larger pipe than the rest of the exhaust system. This produces a final reduction in pressure, and sometimes used to enhance the appearance of the car.
In the late 1950s in the United States manufacturers had a fashion in car styling to form the rear bumper with a hole at each end through which the exhaust would pass. Two outlets symbolized V-8 |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 42, "sc": 1166, "ep": 42, "ec": 1774} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 42 | 1,166 | 42 | 1,774 | Exhaust system | Tailpipe and exhaust | power, and only the most expensive cars (Cadillac, Lincoln, Imperial, Packard) were fitted with this design. One justification for this was that luxury cars in those days had such a long rear overhang that the exhaust pipe scraped the ground when the car traversed ramps. The fashion disappeared after customers noted that the rear end of the car, being a low-pressure area, collected soot from the exhaust and its acidic content ate into the chrome-plated rear bumper.
When a bus, truck or tractor or excavator has a vertical exhaust pipe (called stacks or pipes behind the cab), sometimes the end |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 42, "sc": 1774, "ep": 42, "ec": 2343} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 42 | 1,774 | 42 | 2,343 | Exhaust system | Tailpipe and exhaust | is curved, or has a hinged cover flap which the gas flow blows out of the way, to try to prevent foreign objects (including droppings from a bird perching on the exhaust pipe when the vehicle is not being used) getting inside the exhaust pipe.
In some trucks, when the silencer (muffler) is front-to-back under the chassis, the end of the tailpipe turns 90° and blows downwards. That protects anyone near a stationary truck from getting a direct blast of the exhaust gas, but often raises dust when the truck is driving on a dry dusty unmade surface such as on |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 42, "sc": 2343, "ep": 46, "ec": 659} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 42 | 2,343 | 46 | 659 | Exhaust system | Tailpipe and exhaust & Lake pipes | a building site. Lake pipes A consequence of the problematic nature in adaptation of large diameter exhaust tubing to the undercarriage of ladder-frame or body-on-frame chassis architecture vehicles with altered geometry suspensions, lake pipes evolved to become a front-engined vehicle exhaust archetype crafted by specialty motor sport engine specialists of the 1930s, 40s and 50s, whose preoccupation was optimization of the acoustic effect associated with high output internal combustion engines. The name is derived from their use on the vast, empty dry lake beds northeast of Los Angeles County, where engine specialists of yore custom crafted, interchanged and evaluated one-piece |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 46, "sc": 659, "ep": 46, "ec": 1365} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 46 | 659 | 46 | 1,365 | Exhaust system | Lake pipes | header manifolds of various mil thicknesses, a function of temperature, humidity, elevation and climate they anticipated.
No intrinsic performance gain to be derived, per se, lake pipes evolved a function of practicality. Common instances, their manifolds routed straight out the front wheel-whels posing an asphyxiation axiom to the race driver, "lake pipes" were fashioned, extending from the header flange along the rocker panels, bottom-side of the vehicle, beneath the doors, thus allowing (1) suspension tuners a lower ride height sufficient for land speed record attempts, and (2) engine tuners ease and flexibility of interchanging different exhaust manifolds without hoisting the vehicle, |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 46, "sc": 1365, "ep": 46, "ec": 2049} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 46 | 1,365 | 46 | 2,049 | Exhaust system | Lake pipes | thus precluding having to wrench undercarriage of the vehicle.
Body-on-frame chassis architecture ceding to superleggera, unit-body and monocoque archetypes, in tandem with smog abatement legislation rendered lake pipes, as a bona fide performance prerequisite, obsolete. No meaningful performance gain to be had for contemporary vehicles, lake pipes persist into the 21st century as a superfluous, retrograde aesthetic, usually chrome plated with various options, allowing the driver to control whether exhaust gas is routed the standard exhaust system, or through lake pipes, which are commonly fashioned by laker caps which, affixed by fasteners at the terminal end of |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 46, "sc": 2049, "ep": 54, "ec": 152} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 46 | 2,049 | 54 | 152 | Exhaust system | Lake pipes & Header-back & Turbo-back | exhaust tips, serve to (1) "cap" the exhaust system when not in use, and/or (2) signal authorities that the presence of lake pipes is merely cosmetic. Header-back The Header-back (or header back) is the part of the exhaust system from the outlet of the header to the final vent to open air — everything from the header back. Header-back systems are generally produced as aftermarket performance systems for cars without turbochargers. Turbo-back The Turbo-back (or turbo back) is the part of the exhaust system from the outlet of a turbocharger to the final vent to open air. Turbo-back systems are |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 54, "sc": 152, "ep": 58, "ec": 451} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 54 | 152 | 58 | 451 | Exhaust system | Turbo-back & Cat-back | generally produced as aftermarket performance systems for cars with turbochargers. Some turbo-back (and header-back) systems replace stock catalytic converters with others having less flow restriction. Cat-back Cat-back (also cat back and catback) refers to the portion of the exhaust system from the outlet of the catalytic converter to the final vent to open air. This generally includes the pipe from the converter to the muffler, the muffler, and the final length of pipe to open air.
Cat-back exhaust systems generally use larger diameter pipe than the stock system. The mufflers included in these kits are often glasspacks, to reduce back pressure. |
{"datasets_id": 1783, "wiki_id": "Q683005", "sp": 58, "sc": 451, "ep": 58, "ec": 614} | 1,783 | Q683005 | 58 | 451 | 58 | 614 | Exhaust system | Cat-back | If the system is engineered more for show than functionality, it may be tuned to enhance the lower sounds that are lacking from high-RPM low-displacement engines. |
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