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{"datasets_id": 1784, "wiki_id": "Q2748732", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 45} | 1,784 | Q2748732 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 45 | Exosphaeroma amplicauda | Description & Distribution and habitat | Exosphaeroma amplicauda Description E. amplicauda has a chitinous exoskeleton, with overlapping, articulated dorsal plates, common to members of the order isopoda. This species exhibits strong sexual dimorphism. Females lack the dorsal turbercles present on the pereonites of the males. Males also have a larger pleotelson and uropods. The largest male measured 8.4 mm, the largest female 7.5 mm.
E. amplicauda is morphologically similar to E. russellhansoni. It can be distinguished by the lack of tubercles on the pereonites of the latter, as well as differences in the structure of the appendix masculina. Distribution and habitat This species has been found in Marin, Sonoma, |
{"datasets_id": 1784, "wiki_id": "Q2748732", "sp": 10, "sc": 45, "ep": 14, "ec": 528} | 1,784 | Q2748732 | 10 | 45 | 14 | 528 | Exosphaeroma amplicauda | Distribution and habitat & Taxonomy | and San Mateo Counties, California. It inhabits the intertidal zone where it clings to the underside of rocks. Taxonomy E. amplicauda was first described by William Stimpson in 1857. Stimpson's type specimens for the species are likely lost. In addition, his descriptions do not allow for a definitive identification, as five morphologically similar species exist in the same region. As a result, in 2015 a neotype was designated to stabilize the taxon, as well as to preserve the original species concept.
In the same paper, the type specimens for Sphaeroma octonctum Richardson, 1899 were examined. They were found to be indistinguishable |
{"datasets_id": 1784, "wiki_id": "Q2748732", "sp": 14, "sc": 528, "ep": 14, "ec": 623} | 1,784 | Q2748732 | 14 | 528 | 14 | 623 | Exosphaeroma amplicauda | Taxonomy | from female E. amplicauda and were subsequently placed into junior synonymy with that species. |
{"datasets_id": 1785, "wiki_id": "Q5420812", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 649} | 1,785 | Q5420812 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 649 | Expatriate insurance | Expatriate international health insurance | Expatriate insurance Expatriate international health insurance If you are not covered under a group medical insurance program, an individual international medical policy could be purchased. These policies include worldwide medical protection and also can include evacuation services. Many of these plans have direct-pay with hospitals & global networks worldwide as well as worldwide emergency assistance to help you find the best facilities to treat your conditions. Cost of expatriate insurance depends on a myriad of factors, including your age, medical history, country of coverage, national resources and In many cases, a country's level of industrialization. However, international healthcare and insurance |
{"datasets_id": 1785, "wiki_id": "Q5420812", "sp": 6, "sc": 649, "ep": 6, "ec": 1326} | 1,785 | Q5420812 | 6 | 649 | 6 | 1,326 | Expatriate insurance | Expatriate international health insurance | may be less expensive than US domestic insurance and healthcare.
An International Health Insurance policy will typically calculate premiums based on a policyholder's age, current medical history, and area of coverage, rather than on their claims history. These plans usually offer one of two areas of coverage: Worldwide; or Worldwide excluding the USA (other countries may be excluded as well). The reason for this is that medical care in the USA is the most expensive in the world, but most international insurance companies will rank countries by medical costs and have premiums adjusted accordingly.
The majority of international health insurance plans for |
{"datasets_id": 1785, "wiki_id": "Q5420812", "sp": 6, "sc": 1326, "ep": 6, "ec": 1969} | 1,785 | Q5420812 | 6 | 1,326 | 6 | 1,969 | Expatriate insurance | Expatriate international health insurance | expatriates are, however, globally portable. This allows foreign nationals overseas to move fluidly form one country to the next without periods of no cover. This is a significant difference from local health insurance plans and makes these policies attractive to many individuals. For the most part, however, an international health insurance policy will not cover an individual when they have returned to their home nation ("home country coverage"), making the investment practical only if the policyholder is planning to be overseas for an extended period of time. Some policies also cover treatments in a person's home country often for a |
{"datasets_id": 1785, "wiki_id": "Q5420812", "sp": 6, "sc": 1969, "ep": 6, "ec": 2629} | 1,785 | Q5420812 | 6 | 1,969 | 6 | 2,629 | Expatriate insurance | Expatriate international health insurance | limited period of time.
Those traveling abroad for shorter periods of time might wish to purchase a travel medical policy which can provide assistance during emergency medical situations abroad. These policies are less expensive as they are time specific rather than annual policies, this allows the policyholder to specifically tailor the plan to the exact length of their trip. A majority of international travel insurance policies will also allow the policyholder to be evacuated to the nearest center of medical excellence in the event of a serious illness or injury; it is also possible to obtain repatriation coverage.
It is important to |
{"datasets_id": 1785, "wiki_id": "Q5420812", "sp": 6, "sc": 2629, "ep": 6, "ec": 3316} | 1,785 | Q5420812 | 6 | 2,629 | 6 | 3,316 | Expatriate insurance | Expatriate international health insurance | understand how your medical policy will assist you should you need urgent medical care in your host country. Many countries have less than adequate facilities and may require immediate payment for services. Therefore, it is advisable to understand the assistance your policy will provide to locate suitable medical facilities.
Another important and often overlooked element of international health insurance policies is the underwriting criteria used by the insurance provider. Policies are underwritten in one of two ways: moratorium; and full medical underwriting. With moratorium underwriting, applicants are not required to disclose any medical declarations, and so some |
{"datasets_id": 1785, "wiki_id": "Q5420812", "sp": 6, "sc": 3316, "ep": 6, "ec": 4006} | 1,785 | Q5420812 | 6 | 3,316 | 6 | 4,006 | Expatriate insurance | Expatriate international health insurance | pre-existing conditions may be covered; although, there are restrictions to the coverage of pre-existing conditions. New or unexpected conditions occurring after the start date are covered according to policy conditions. Full medical underwriting requires the collection of a full medical history, and usually excludes coverage of pre-existing conditions.
It is also important to review the policy benefits (what is covered) and exclusions (what is not covered) prior to purchase. You should be able to obtain a "certificate of coverage" which will provide comprehensive details prior to your purchase. Often, some benefits are limited either by the amount of coverage provided for |
{"datasets_id": 1785, "wiki_id": "Q5420812", "sp": 6, "sc": 4006, "ep": 6, "ec": 4216} | 1,785 | Q5420812 | 6 | 4,006 | 6 | 4,216 | Expatriate insurance | Expatriate international health insurance | certain treatments or for a period of time. For example, maternity benefits are typically excluded for the first 12 months of coverage. Benefits may also be limited or excluded for travel to certain countries. |
{"datasets_id": 1786, "wiki_id": "Q3106901", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 628} | 1,786 | Q3106901 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 628 | Exploding head syndrome | Signs and symptoms | Exploding head syndrome Signs and symptoms Individuals with exploding head syndrome hear or experience loud imagined noises as they are falling asleep or waking up, have a strong, often frightened emotional reaction to the sound, and do not report significant pain; around 10% of people also experience visual disturbances like perceiving visual static, lightning, or flashes of light. Some people may also experience heat, strange feelings in their torso, or a feeling of electrical tinglings that ascends to the head before the auditory hallucinations occur. With the heightened arousal, people experience distress, confusion, myoclonic jerks, tachycardia, sweating, |
{"datasets_id": 1786, "wiki_id": "Q3106901", "sp": 6, "sc": 628, "ep": 6, "ec": 1256} | 1,786 | Q3106901 | 6 | 628 | 6 | 1,256 | Exploding head syndrome | Signs and symptoms | and the sensation that feels as if they have stopped breathing and have to make a deliberate effort to breathe again.
The pattern of the auditory hallucinations is variable. Some people report having a total of two or four attacks followed by a prolonged or total remission, having attacks over the course of a few weeks or months before the attacks spontaneously disappear, or the attacks may even recur irregularly every few days, weeks, or months for much of a lifetime.
Some individuals mistakenly believe that EHS episodes are not natural events, but are the effects of directed energy weapons which create |
{"datasets_id": 1786, "wiki_id": "Q3106901", "sp": 6, "sc": 1256, "ep": 14, "ec": 82} | 1,786 | Q3106901 | 6 | 1,256 | 14 | 82 | Exploding head syndrome | Signs and symptoms & Classification & Treatment | an auditory effect. Thus, EHS has been worked into conspiracy theories, but there is no scientific evidence that EHS has non-natural origins. Classification Exploding head syndrome is classified under other parasomnias by the 2014 International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD, 3rd.Ed.) and is an unusual type of auditory hallucination in that it occurs in people who are not fully awake.
According to ICD-10 and DSM-5 EHS is classified as either another specified sleep-wake disorder (codes:780.59 or G47.8) or unspecified sleep-wake disorder (codes: 780.59 or G47.9). Treatment As of 2018, no clinical trials had been conducted to determine what treatments are |
{"datasets_id": 1786, "wiki_id": "Q3106901", "sp": 14, "sc": 82, "ep": 18, "ec": 247} | 1,786 | Q3106901 | 14 | 82 | 18 | 247 | Exploding head syndrome | Treatment & Epidemiology | safe and effective; a few case reports had been published describing treatment of small numbers of people (two to twelve per report) with clomipramine, flunarizine, nifedipine, topiramate, carbamazepine. Studies suggest that education and reassurance can reduce the frequency of EHS episodes. There is some evidence that individuals with EHS rarely report episodes to medical professionals. Epidemiology There have not been sufficient studies to make conclusive statements about how common or who is most often affected. One study found that 14% of a sample of undergrads reported at least one episode over the course of their lives, with higher rates |
{"datasets_id": 1786, "wiki_id": "Q3106901", "sp": 18, "sc": 247, "ep": 22, "ec": 562} | 1,786 | Q3106901 | 18 | 247 | 22 | 562 | Exploding head syndrome | Epidemiology & History | in those who also have sleep paralysis. History Case reports of EHS have been published since at least 1876, which Silas Weir Mitchell described as "sensory discharges" in a patient. However, it has been suggested that the earliest written account of EHS was described in the biography of the French philosopher René Descartes in 1691. The phrase "snapping of the brain" was coined in 1920 by the British physician and psychiatrist Robert Armstrong-Jones. A detailed description of the syndrome and the name "exploding head syndrome" was given by British neurologist John M. S. Pearce in 1989. More recently, |
{"datasets_id": 1786, "wiki_id": "Q3106901", "sp": 22, "sc": 562, "ep": 22, "ec": 774} | 1,786 | Q3106901 | 22 | 562 | 22 | 774 | Exploding head syndrome | History | Peter Goadsby and Brian Sharpless have proposed renaming EHS "episodic cranial sensory shock" as it describes the symptoms more accurately (including the non-auditory elements) and better attributes to Mitchell. |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 533} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 533 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | The politics of Cubans teaching at Humboldt State University | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum The politics of Cubans teaching at Humboldt State University Despite the United States embargo against Cuba, a slight relaxation allowed the Afro-Cuban folkloric group Los Muñequitos de Matanzas to tour the United States in 1992. The tour initiated a period of relaxation in relations between the United States and Cuba, during the presidency of Bill Clinton. There were more cultural exchanges between the two countries during the Clinton Administration, than at any other time since the beginning of the embargo in 1960. The last time relations had been similarly relaxed, was in 1977, during |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 6, "sc": 533, "ep": 6, "ec": 1172} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 6 | 533 | 6 | 1,172 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | The politics of Cubans teaching at Humboldt State University | the presidency of Jimmy Carter. The 1992 Muñequitos tour also established the small California college town of Arcata as a preferable venue for touring Cuban groups. Los Muñequitos performed, and gave dance and drum classes in Arcata in 1992, 1994, and 1998. During the 1990s more Cuban music and dance groups performed in Humboldt County than in any other rural county in the United States. Beginning in 1996, Humboldt State University invited touring Cuban folkloric masters to teach at their Explorations workshop. Eventually, the University obtained visas for Cuban teachers, and brought them directly from the island to the workshop. |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 6, "sc": 1172, "ep": 6, "ec": 1797} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 6 | 1,172 | 6 | 1,797 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | The politics of Cubans teaching at Humboldt State University | After the September 11 attacks of 2001, visas for Cuban teachers were unattainable. Although there is no evidence that Cuba was involved in any way with the attacks, Cuba is still technically one of four countries designated as a State Sponsors of Terrorism by the United States Department of State. Relations between the United States and Cuba remained chilly throughout the presidency of George W. Bush. In the post-9/11 period, the University turned to hiring Cuban folkloric masters already residing in the U.S. The presidency of Barack Obama has seen a slight loosening in travel restrictions between the two countries. |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 6, "sc": 1797, "ep": 10, "ec": 420} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 6 | 1,797 | 10 | 420 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | The politics of Cubans teaching at Humboldt State University & Curriculum | Los Muñequitos de Matanzas once again toured the United States in 2011. Muñequitos member Ana Perez was able to obtain a temporary visa, enabling her to remain in the United States and teach for several months. Perez taught at the 2011 Explorations workshop. Curriculum Song classes occur in the evenings. Latin Beat Magazine states: "Classes are progressive and cumulative. Thus, participants are encouraged to attend the entire program."
Lecture/demonstrations include "Cross-rhythm: The Underlying Structure of Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum," "Comparing the African and Cuban Bata Drums," "The Clave Matrix," "Haitiano History and Styles," "La Rumba Cubana: 150 Years of Identity and |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 10, "sc": 420, "ep": 14, "ec": 670} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 10 | 420 | 14 | 670 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | Curriculum & Faculty | Resistance," and "Swing: The Elusive Feel." Faculty Each year the Humboldt State campus hosts the largest assemblage of Afro-Cuban folkloric dance and drum masters in the United States. Faculty members have included: Francisco Aguabella, Carlos Aldama, Jesus Alfonso, Susana Arenas, Erick Barberia, Jose Francisco Barroso, Miguel Bernal, Toto Berriel, Roberto Borrell, Juan Brown, Luis Cepeda "Chichito," Jesus Diaz, Roman Diaz, Sonyalsi Feldman, Lazaro Galarraga, Gary Greenberg, Reynaldo Gonzalez, Alison Hong, Regino Jimenez, Howard Kaufman, Rogelio Kindelan, C.K. Ladzekpo, Mark Lamson, Silfredo La O Vico, Freila Merencio, Harold Muniz, Santiago Nani, David Penalosa, Ana Perez, Sandy Perez, Teresita Perez, Jose Cheo |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 14, "sc": 670, "ep": 34, "ec": 48} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 14 | 670 | 34 | 48 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | Faculty & Song & Dance & Percussion & Class Level Prerequisites & Dance | Rojas, John Santos, Michael Spiro, Chris Walker, and Scott Wardinsky. Song Song instruction includes the Lucumí and Iyesá (Santería), Arará, Palo, and rumba traditions. Dance Styles of dance include Santería, Arará, Palo (religion), and rumba, in both the Havana and Matanzas styles, as well as "Haitiano" genres, and salsa (dance). Percussion Percussion instruction includes batá drums (three levels), conga drums, quinto, shekere, and cajón. Some instruction in Cuban popular styles (salsa music, timba, Latin jazz, etc.) of congas, bongos, timbales, drumset are also offered. Class Level Prerequisites From Humboldt State University: Dance "LEVEL 1: Requires little or no prior experience |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 34, "sc": 48, "ep": 38, "ec": 64} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 34 | 48 | 38 | 64 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | Dance & Drum | with Afro-Cuban dance styles.
LEVEL 2: Requires prior Afro-Cuban folkloric dance experience with the ability to keep up in a moderately fast paced environment. Participants must be:
able to pick up moves and steps quickly familiar with the bembé /güiro step familiar with the fundamental orishá steps
LEVEL 3: Master class. For professional dancers, teachers, and performers of Afro-Cuban folkloric dance. Requires mastery of the fundamental orishá steps, and the ability to keep up in an extremely fast-paced, high energy environment. Intended for those with many years of experience in Afro-Cuban dance"—Explorations. Drum "LEVEL 1: Requires little or no prior experience with Afro-Cuban |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 38, "sc": 64, "ep": 38, "ec": 800} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 38 | 64 | 38 | 800 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | Drum | music or conga drumming techniques.
LEVEL 2: Requires introductory knowledge of Afro-Cuban rhythms and some prior conga drumming instruction. Participants must demonstrate basic conga drum strokes (open/tone, bass, heel toe, muff and slap) and basic rhythmic independence (tapping the pulse or mainbeat while clapping the cinquillo, tresillo, son and rumba claves, and the bell to bembé .) Level 2 rhythms will be broken down slowly and methodically.
LEVEL 3: Rarticipants must demonstrate all Level 2 skills plus:
Caja and supportive parts to bembé /agbe
clear distinction of conga strokes and stick techniques
an ability to pick up rhythms at a moderate pace
LEVEL 4: Participants must |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 38, "sc": 800, "ep": 42, "ec": 126} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 38 | 800 | 42 | 126 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | Drum & Faculty performance | demonstrate all level 3 skills plus:
demonstrate supportive parts for guaguancó
understand how all parts fit together
be able to tap pulse or mainbeat with foot to bembé /agbe and guaguancó rhythms and bell patterns
demonstrate sound hand and stick techniques
demonstrate an ability to pick up rhythms quickly
LEVEL 5: Master class. For professional musicians, teachers and performers of Afro-Cuban folkloric music. Requires several years experience playing Afro-Cuban folkloric music. Must have lead drumming experience and all Level 4 skills"—Explorations. Faculty performance On the last night of the workshop, the faculty gives a performance in the Van Duzer Theatre, in the HSU Theatre Arts Building. |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 44, "sc": 0, "ep": 46, "ec": 652} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 44 | 0 | 46 | 652 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | Grupo Exploración | Grupo Exploración In the summer of 2000, Explorations faculty members Miguel Bernal, Juan Brown, Michael Spiro, Harold Muniz, and "Chichito" Cepeda recorded a CD of instrumental experimental folklore. With no singing, the melody of the tuned drums provide the thematic focus of the music. The results were released as the CD Drum Jam (Descarga al tambor) on Bembe Records (2026-2).
"Isolating the drum this way is unusual since many percussionists derive their inspiration from singers and dancers. Still, the session gives Afro-Cuban percussion instruments rare focus. Certain drums assume melodic roles, playing a "song", while others create a second strata of |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 46, "sc": 652, "ep": 50, "ec": 354} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 46 | 652 | 50 | 354 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | Grupo Exploración & Rumbones | melody beneath the soloist"—Harrington (2001).
"Some of its hypnotic effect results from repetition, and is an effect that you might expect to occur if Philip Glass did an all-percussion recording. The slight variations, when they occur, become large, meaningful elements in themselves"—Polin (2001) Rumbones Although not an official part of the course, there are informal rumbones ('rumba parties') nearly every night. These are typically held off-campus, at various homes in the community. This is where some of the best music can be heard, as masters and students alike, sing, dance, and drum with great inspiration. Special rumbones occur on Tuesday evenings. |
{"datasets_id": 1787, "wiki_id": "Q5421343", "sp": 50, "sc": 354, "ep": 50, "ec": 872} | 1,787 | Q5421343 | 50 | 354 | 50 | 872 | Explorations in Afro-Cuban Dance and Drum | Rumbones | For the first two years, the workshop hosted catered Tuesday evening parties at Redwood Park. In the third year, the Tuesday rumbones moved to Moonstone Beach, at the mouth of the Mad River (California). Shortly after the 2009 beach party began, local neighbors called the police, complaining about the drumming. Since then, the Tuesday night rumbones have occurred a few miles south, at Mad River Beach. The new location is not near any residences, and therefore, does not violate Arcata's famous "Bongo Ordinance." |
{"datasets_id": 1788, "wiki_id": "Q5421489", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 12, "ec": 9} | 1,788 | Q5421489 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 9 | Expo Forum | Recinto Ferial y de Exposiciones & Salon Venetto | Expo Forum The Expo Forum is a convention center and arena complex located in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. It was built in 2004. It comprises three buildings: Recinto Ferial y de Exposiciones The Recinto Ferial y de Exposiciones is an exhibit hall with 7,120 square meters (76,640 square feet) of exhibit space, which can be divided into two smaller exhibit halls. It is used for trade shows, conventions and meetings seating up to 8,000, banquets and other special events. There is a 5,382-square-foot (500.0 m²) main entrance as well as a 3,445-square-foot (320.1 m²) kitchen. Salon Venetto The Salon |
{"datasets_id": 1788, "wiki_id": "Q5421489", "sp": 12, "sc": 9, "ep": 16, "ec": 398} | 1,788 | Q5421489 | 12 | 9 | 16 | 398 | Expo Forum | Salon Venetto & Foro de Conciertos y Espectaculos | Venetto contains a 13,993-square-foot (1,300.0 m²) ballroom that can be used for banquets, meetings, receptions, quinceneras, and other special events. There is also a 150-square-meter (1,615 square feet) conference room. It has a 750-square-foot (70 m²) kitchen. Foro de Conciertos y Espectaculos The Foro de Conciertos y Espectaculos is a 10,807-seat indoor arena which was built to bring major concerts to Hermosillo. The 13,975-square-meter (150,428 square foot) venue can also accommodate trade shows, conventions, religious crusades, and with portable stands, sporting events including basketball, lucha libre, boxing and wrestling. Since its opening the Foro de Conciertos y Espectaculos |
{"datasets_id": 1788, "wiki_id": "Q5421489", "sp": 16, "sc": 398, "ep": 16, "ec": 593} | 1,788 | Q5421489 | 16 | 398 | 16 | 593 | Expo Forum | Foro de Conciertos y Espectaculos | has welcomed such performers as Banda el Recodo, Gloria Trevi, Pedro Fernández, Pepe Aguilar, Lupita D'Alessio, Intocable, Alicia Villarreal, Joan Sebastian, Paulina Rubio, Mana and many others. |
{"datasets_id": 1789, "wiki_id": "Q4358469", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 184} | 1,789 | Q4358469 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 184 | Exponát roku 1827 | Story | Exponát roku 1827 Story A Czech tourist takes a photo at a Ukrainian train station and accidentally captures two mafia members passing a mysterious briefcase, unintentionally triggering an avalanche of events |
{"datasets_id": 1790, "wiki_id": "Q751072", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 605} | 1,790 | Q751072 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 605 | Extravagantes | History | Extravagantes History The term was first applied to those papal documents which Gratian had not inserted in his "Decree" (about 1140), but which, however, were binding upon the whole Church, also to other decretals of a later date, and possessed of the same authority. Bernard of Pavia designated under the name of "Breviarium Extravagantium", or Digest of the "Extravagantes", the collection of papal documents which he compiled between 1187 and 1191. Even the Decretals of Gregory IX (published 1234) were long known as the "Liber" or "Collectio Extra", i.e. the collection of the canonical laws not contained in the "Decree" |
{"datasets_id": 1790, "wiki_id": "Q751072", "sp": 6, "sc": 605, "ep": 6, "ec": 1251} | 1,790 | Q751072 | 6 | 605 | 6 | 1,251 | Extravagantes | History | of Gratian. This term is now applied to the collections known as the "Extravagantes Joannis XXII" and the "Extravagantes communes", both of which are found in all editions of the "Corpus Juris Canonici".
When Pope John XXII (1316-1334) published the decretals known as the Clementines, there already existed some pontifical documents binding upon the whole Church but not included in the "Corpus Juris". This is why these Decretals were called "Extravagantes". Their number was increased by the inclusion of all the pontifical laws of later date, added to the manuscripts of the "Corpus Juris", or gathered into separate collections. In |
{"datasets_id": 1790, "wiki_id": "Q751072", "sp": 6, "sc": 1251, "ep": 6, "ec": 1901} | 1,790 | Q751072 | 6 | 1,251 | 6 | 1,901 | Extravagantes | History | 1325 Zenselinus de Cassanis added a gloss to twenty constitutions of Pope John XXII, and named this collection "Viginti Extravagantes pap Joannis XXII".
The others were known as "Extravagantes communes", a title given to the collection by Jean Chappuis in the Paris edition of the "Corpus Juris" (1499 1505). He adopted the systematic order of the official collections of canon law, and classified in a similar way the "Extravagantes" commonly met with (hence "Extravagantes communes") in the manuscripts and editions of the "Corpus Juris". This collection contains decretals of the following popes the regnal years of whom span two hundred |
{"datasets_id": 1790, "wiki_id": "Q751072", "sp": 6, "sc": 1901, "ep": 6, "ec": 2523} | 1,790 | Q751072 | 6 | 1,901 | 6 | 2,523 | Extravagantes | History | years, from 1281 to 1482: Martin IV, Boniface VIII (notably the celebrated Bull Unam Sanctam), Benedict XI, Clement V, John XXII, Benedict XII, Clement VI, Urban V, Martin V, Eugene IV, Callistus III, Paul II, Sixtus IV. Chappuis also classified the "
These two collections have no official value. On the other hand, many of the decretals included in them contain legislation binding upon the whole Church, e.g. the Constitution of Paul II, "Ambitios", which forbade the alienation of ecclesiastical goods. This, however, is not true of all of them; some had even been formally abrogated at the time when Chappuis |
{"datasets_id": 1790, "wiki_id": "Q751072", "sp": 6, "sc": 2523, "ep": 6, "ec": 2770} | 1,790 | Q751072 | 6 | 2,523 | 6 | 2,770 | Extravagantes | History | made his collection; three decretals of John XXII, are reproduced in both collections.
Both the collections were printed in the official (1582) edition of the "Corpus Juris Canonici". This explains the favour they enjoyed among canonists. |
{"datasets_id": 1791, "wiki_id": "Q5422737", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 540} | 1,791 | Q5422737 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 540 | Eye to Eye (band) | History | Eye to Eye (band) History They first met in San Diego, California in 1980 at a performance of the dance ensemble Mostly Women Moving, for whom Berg danced. Berg had been injured and sang instead of dancing on the night of the performance Marshall attended; he spoke with Berg and a few weeks later asked her to fly to England to record with him.
A recording contract with Automatic Records followed soon after, and their first single, "Am I Normal?", came out later that year. The single came to the attention of Steely Dan producer Gary Katz, which led to a |
{"datasets_id": 1791, "wiki_id": "Q5422737", "sp": 6, "sc": 540, "ep": 6, "ec": 1094} | 1,791 | Q5422737 | 6 | 540 | 6 | 1,094 | Eye to Eye (band) | History | contract with Warner Bros. Records. Their self-titled debut album was produced by Katz and released in 1982. The lead single "Nice Girls" cracked the Top 40 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. A second album, Shakespeare Stole My Baby, followed in 1983, but it did not receive much label support and did not sell well. Until 2002, both albums would be available only as Japanese imports on CD, but in 2002, they were both released by independent label Wounded Bird Records on one CD.
In 2001, the members reunited, and in 2005 released a third album. |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 614} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 614 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat Eyres House is an historic residential property, located at 810 Ligar Street Soldiers Hill in the Victorian gold rush city of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. Later named Balmoral, the house was constructed between 1901 and 1905 for Joseph Bryant, and having passed through as series of private hands, is now under the ownership of the Ballarat Health Services for use as a day centre and intermittent residential service for people with memory loss and confusion.
Previously known as "Esleta" and then "Balmoral", the house was renamed "Eyres House", in recognition of the contributions of the Eyres family, |
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{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 4, "sc": 614, "ep": 8, "ec": 527} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 4 | 614 | 8 | 527 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | William Mountford Kinsey Vale MLA | after it was purchased by Ballarat Health Services around 1960. William Mountford Kinsey Vale MLA The original Crown Grant of the property, on which the house was built, was to William Mountford Kinsey Vale (1833-1895). Vale bought Allotment 2 of Section 3, Township of Ballarat North, Parish of Ballarat, County of Grenville, in 1886 for £10.5.0 and Allotment 3 for the sum of £10, both being an acre approx. in size. Ligar Street, where Eyres House is located, was named in recognition of Charles Whybrow Ligar, the unpopular surveyor-general of Victoria 1858-1869.
During the early to mid 1860s land between Howitt |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 8, "sc": 527, "ep": 8, "ec": 1178} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 8 | 527 | 8 | 1,178 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | William Mountford Kinsey Vale MLA | and Gregory Streets was also purchased from the Crown for what were to become the grand houses Trelawny, Black Hill, Ballarat, "Linlithgow" and "The Grange", Soldiers Hill, Ballarat.
William Vale was a local bookseller and newsagent, who qualified as a barrister in England and became the Member for Ballarat West in the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Ballarat West from November 1864 to August 1865, and from September 1865 to April 1869. He was very involved in a number of Ballarat community activities, including as a committee member of the Ballarat Benevolent Asylum.
W.M.K. Vale moved to Abbotsford, where he died, after he |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 8, "sc": 1178, "ep": 12, "ec": 499} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 8 | 1,178 | 12 | 499 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | William Mountford Kinsey Vale MLA & Richard Tayler Vale MLA | won the seat for Collingwood in 1889. It was there he died. Richard Tayler Vale MLA The two allotments were sold to Vale's brother, Richard Tayler Vale (1836-1916), a bookseller, newsagent, investor and director of a number of gold mining companies, in 1887, who also bought the adjoining Allotment 4 from Thomas Sanderson Walker, the original purchaser from the Crown in 1866, when he had paid £25 for his acre on the corner of Ligar and Gregory Streets. R.T. Vale therefore owned Allotments 2, 3 & 4 fronting Ligar Street. Like his brother, W.M.K. Vale, Richard Vale was elected to |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 12, "sc": 499, "ep": 16, "ec": 245} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 12 | 499 | 16 | 245 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Richard Tayler Vale MLA & Ethel Ford Bryant - "Esleta" | the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Member for Ballarat West, serving from 1886 until 1889, and again 1892 to 1902.
Vale Street, Sebastopol is named after The Honourable R. T. Vale, MP.
The Vale brothers, W.M.K. & R.T., also owned blocks of land near the corner of Ligar and Howitt streets. Ethel Ford Bryant - "Esleta" R.T. Vale sold Allotments 2, 3 & 4 to Ethel Bryant Ford (1878-1937) in April, 1900. She was the eldest child of Joseph "Joe" & Elizabeth Bryant, and it has been generally and long assumed the property was owned by Joe. Why the property was owned |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 16, "sc": 245, "ep": 16, "ec": 881} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 16 | 245 | 16 | 881 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Ethel Ford Bryant - "Esleta" | by Ethel, and not her wealthy parents, is not known.
In 1901 Joseph Bryant JP commissioned a fine residence to be built on Soldiers Hill, which, at the time, was on the outskirts of Ballarat.
His brother, Robert Ford ("R.F.") Bryant, also a wealthy mining investor and director of gold mining companies, already had a large, gracious Victorian house in the area, "Trelawny", Black Hill, Ballarat, which he built in 1886, and where some of his descendants still live. "Trelawny" is at 804 Havelock Street, Black Hill, the next street east parallel to Ligar Street.
Joseph Bryant (1849-1917), an Englishman from |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 16, "sc": 881, "ep": 16, "ec": 1504} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 16 | 881 | 16 | 1,504 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Ethel Ford Bryant - "Esleta" | Altarnun in Cornwall, England, who arrived in Australia in 1863, had been very successful as investor and mine manager in the gold mines at Clunes, Victoria, including the North Clunes Mining Co., one of the richest in the district in its day He commissioned local architect F.W. Turton to build a large residence in the "American-Swiss" style, according to an article in Ballarat and District 1901. The house was designed around a central skylight foyer with rooms and corridors radiating from it. The house originally had seven bedrooms, some which have now been converted into a bathroom and toilet.
Originally |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 16, "sc": 1504, "ep": 16, "ec": 2156} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 16 | 1,504 | 16 | 2,156 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Ethel Ford Bryant - "Esleta" | on the outskirts of Ballarat, the property took up almost the entire Ligar Street frontage between Gregory and Howitt Streets, and had an elaborate front fence. The residence in Ligar Street dominated the landscape, with only a few villas in Howitt Street, but otherwise in open country.
The house was constructed in what we now refer to in Australia as the Federation architectural style that was prevalent from around 1890 to 1915.
Broadly speaking, it is the Australian version of the Edwardian Style, but differed from Edwardian in the use of Australian motifs. Cream painted decorative timber features and elaborate fretwork, tall |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 16, "sc": 2156, "ep": 16, "ec": 2740} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 16 | 2,156 | 16 | 2,740 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Ethel Ford Bryant - "Esleta" | chimneys, leadlight windows and a Tudor type look, especially on gables, is very much part of the Federation style and is particularly evident at what is now Eyres House.
His first wife, Elizabeth Gilbert ( 1853-1884 ) died in 1884, and the following year, Joseph Bryant married her younger sister, Selina Gilbert (1858-1887). She died two years later and it was another 18 years before Bryant with his six children - five from his first marriage and one from the second - moved into the house they named, "Esleta". The curious name was made up from the first names of Joseph |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 16, "sc": 2740, "ep": 16, "ec": 3427} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 16 | 2,740 | 16 | 3,427 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Ethel Ford Bryant - "Esleta" | Bryant's children - the five with his first wife; Ethel Ford Bryant, Selina Gilbert Bryant (1880-1958), Lillian Parker Bryant (1881-1957), Elizabeth Curtis Bryant (1883-1951), Thomas Gilbert Bryant (1884-1949); and Ada Violet Bryant (1886-1952), the only child with his second wife, .
There were a number of grand homes in the close vicinity, including "The Grange" in Lydiard Street North, and "Linlithgow" in Gregory Street, Ballarat. The only indication of the existence of "The Grange" is a short eponymous street leading into the houses and townhouses that now occupy the subdivided site."Linlithgow" still stands in substantial grounds.
Joseph Bryant and with his |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 16, "sc": 3427, "ep": 16, "ec": 4047} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 16 | 3,427 | 16 | 4,047 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Ethel Ford Bryant - "Esleta" | brother R.F. Bryant had borne the brunt of the miners' anger during the Clunes Riots of December, 1873 against the importation of Chinese strike breakers."The miners,'accompanied by troops of women and children proceeded to the residences of several miners who had rendered themselves obnoxious ... by continuing work ... . Warnings were given those offending men to leave town ... 'They then marched to Mr. Bryant's home to demand his resignation as mine manager. However, some of the men claimed consideration for Bryant's family, and Bryant assured them that ' he had all along been opposed to bringing Chinamen'. He |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 16, "sc": 4047, "ep": 20, "ec": 477} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 16 | 4,047 | 20 | 477 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Ethel Ford Bryant - "Esleta" & Adam Lindsey Ronaldson - "Balmoral" | was allowed to stay.
This may have been part of the reason for the Bryant brothers' move from Clunes and into Ballarat. Adam Lindsey Ronaldson - "Balmoral" In 1903 Adam Lindsey Ronaldson had been taken into partnership by his brother, David Ronaldson, who had recently established a machinery manufacturing company on Creswick Road, Ballarat, which produced chaff cutters and grain crushers. It 1905, John Tippett joined the company and it became Ronaldson Brothers & Tippett Pty. Ltd., which made internal combustion engines and water cooled engines. The company built a wide size range of oil engines which it sold across Australia |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 20, "sc": 477, "ep": 20, "ec": 1083} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 20 | 477 | 20 | 1,083 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Adam Lindsey Ronaldson - "Balmoral" | and promoted under the Austral brand. The company was still operating up until 1969 when it closed due to cheaper imported engines becoming available on the market.
"A property known as the; Ballarat North Mansion, erected eight years , ago by Mr. Joseph Bryant, a mining investor, at a cost of £500, has been sold by Messrs. Chas. Walker and Co., auctioneers, to Mr. Adam Ronaldson, implement maker, of Creswick-road".Adam Ronaldson (1899 -1916) bought the property in October 1912, and the family lived there from 1912 until 1918, after his death in 1916. It was Ronaldson who gave the house the |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 20, "sc": 1083, "ep": 20, "ec": 1716} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 20 | 1,083 | 20 | 1,716 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Adam Lindsey Ronaldson - "Balmoral" | name "Balmoral".
Business partner John Tippett also owned a fine house, "Rothbury", which also still stands, at Lal Lal, outside Buninyong, Victoria.
Adam Ronaldson died in 1916 and "Balmoral" was transferred into his estate, from where the property was split up and Allotment 2 was sold, and parts of Allotment 3 became part of "Balmoral" or residential blocks. This divestment happened in parts over a period of time, from probate of the will in March 1916, to June 1929. During this time, the remaining balance of Allotment 3 of the property was transferred in March 1934 to Adam's wife, widow, Isabella Magdalene |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 20, "sc": 1716, "ep": 28, "ec": 188} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 20 | 1,716 | 28 | 188 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Adam Lindsey Ronaldson - "Balmoral" & Mrs. Fanny Jolliffe & Arthur Richard Stewart JP | Ronaldson (Hood). Mrs. Fanny Jolliffe Mrs. Fanny Jolliffe (Bowring) (1858-1935) of Newlyn, Victoria bought the property from the Ronaldson estate, which she owned during the period 1920 to 1922. It had diminished considerably from its original size and now was little more than an acre in area, straddling one and a part of the original Crown Allotments - Allotment 2 & part of Allotment 3. Arthur Richard Stewart JP Arthur Stewart (1880-1946), mill owner and produce merchant from Newlyn, Victoria, bought the property in November 1922, but were not able to have access for several months as there was an |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 28, "sc": 188, "ep": 32, "ec": 95} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 28 | 188 | 32 | 95 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Arthur Richard Stewart JP & Mrs. Minerva Mary Fowler Lewis | existing lease. This lease must have been to Mrs. Jolliffe, the previous owner.
In November 1929, he bought the remainder southern part of Allotment 3, reuniting Allotments 2 & 3 as the property originally was from the Crown Grant in 1866.
The Stewarts lived there with their six children from the 1920s to about 1937. Mr. Arthur Richard Stewart, Justice of the Peace, was President of Creswick Shire and then served two terms as Mayor of Ballarat Mrs. Minerva Mary Fowler Lewis As was the situation with Joe Bryant in 1901, it was assumed that the property was owned by the |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 32, "sc": 95, "ep": 36, "ec": 108} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 32 | 95 | 36 | 108 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Mrs. Minerva Mary Fowler Lewis & Ballarat Health Services - "Eyres House" | "head of the family" Horace Laffer Lewis, a mechanical engineer, who lived at "Balmoral", with his wife and their two children from about 1937, until his death in 1955. He had been gassed serving in World War 1 and much later in life contracted tuberculosis.
"Balmoral" was actually owned by Horace's wife, Minerva Lewis (Smith) (1900-1991), known as "Minnie". In October 1941, Lot 2, and the reunited parts of Allotment 3, were bought by her from the Stewarts. Ballarat Health Services - "Eyres House" "Balmoral" served as a private residence until February 1961 when it was purchased Ballarat Health Services' |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 36, "sc": 108, "ep": 40, "ec": 221} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 36 | 108 | 40 | 221 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Ballarat Health Services - "Eyres House" & Walled Garden | The Queen Elizabeth Home from Minerva Mary Fowler Lewis in February 1961, and renamed it "Eyres House" in recognition of the contribution the Eyres Family had made to the organisation.
"Eyres House" became a hostel for women with intellectual disabilities until the mid 1980s. and continues to operate as a haven for people suffering from dementia and their families. Walled Garden The residence still has its walled garden, which is a feature that is very unusual to find in such heritage homes in Ballarat. In the walled garden vegetables and fruit trees were grown, and is still an important facility |
{"datasets_id": 1792, "wiki_id": "Q28942990", "sp": 40, "sc": 221, "ep": 40, "ec": 251} | 1,792 | Q28942990 | 40 | 221 | 40 | 251 | Eyres House, Soldiers Hill, Ballarat | Walled Garden | for residents of Eyres House. |
{"datasets_id": 1793, "wiki_id": "Q59179764", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 667} | 1,793 | Q59179764 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 667 | Ezequiel Cérica | Career | Ezequiel Cérica Career Cérica's career began with Temperley of Primera B Metropolitana in 2008. A year later, Cérica completed a move to Primera C Metropolitana's Excursionistas. Seventeen goals followed across forty-three matches in the 2009–10 campaign, with Excursionistas losing in the promotion play-off semi-finals to Talleres. Talleres, who subsequently lost in the finals, signed Cérica in June 2010. He scored fourteen goals in his sole season, with his ex-team eliminating his new team in the play-offs. Cérica rejoined Temperley in June 2011, before leaving for Ferrocarril Midland in the following January. Fifty-nine games and twenty-five goals came in tier four.
After |
{"datasets_id": 1793, "wiki_id": "Q59179764", "sp": 6, "sc": 667, "ep": 6, "ec": 1244} | 1,793 | Q59179764 | 6 | 667 | 6 | 1,244 | Ezequiel Cérica | Career | two seasons with Ferrocarril Midland, Cérica departed having been signed by Deportivo Morón. He made his debut in a Primera B Metropolitana defeat away to Los Andes on 3 August 2013, which preceded his first goal for the club at the end of September against Fénix. Cérica joined Villa Dálmine ahead of the 2014 Primera B Metropolitana, a campaign which he finished with five goals as they won promotion. In total, he stayed with them for three years whilst scoring at least five goals in four straight seasons; including nine in 2016–17. Cérica agreed to sign for Los Andes in |
{"datasets_id": 1793, "wiki_id": "Q59179764", "sp": 6, "sc": 1244, "ep": 6, "ec": 1309} | 1,793 | Q59179764 | 6 | 1,244 | 6 | 1,309 | Ezequiel Cérica | Career | 2017, prior to sealing a transfer to Arsenal de Sarandí in 2018. |
{"datasets_id": 1794, "wiki_id": "Q3092708", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 324} | 1,794 | Q3092708 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 324 | Férébory Doré | Early years & Botev Plovdiv | Férébory Doré Early years Dorél started his professional career with Angers. During his four years at Stade Jean-Bouin, he scored 11 goals in 105 matches.
On 23 July 2013, Doré signed for Petrolul Ploiești after being linked with a move to Lille. Botev Plovdiv On 18 January 2014, Dorél joined Bulgarian club Botev Plovdiv. He has mainly played as a starter for the team and scored a number of crucial goals such as a winner in a Cup game against Levski Sofia.
Between 28 June and early September, Dorél was absent from the side and did not participate in any training sessions |
{"datasets_id": 1794, "wiki_id": "Q3092708", "sp": 10, "sc": 324, "ep": 10, "ec": 691} | 1,794 | Q3092708 | 10 | 324 | 10 | 691 | Férébory Doré | Botev Plovdiv | or matches, mainly due to his commitments to the national team, with the Botev management on occasions unable to establish contact with the player. On 8 September 2014 it was announced that Doré has been loaned to CFR Cluj until the end of the season.
After three years and half with Angers, he returned to Botev Plovdiv in February 2019 with a new contract. |
{"datasets_id": 1795, "wiki_id": "Q25105286", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 588} | 1,795 | Q25105286 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 588 | FC Iliria Stockholm | Background | FC Iliria Stockholm Background Since their foundation in 2012, FC Iliria Stockholm has participated mainly in the lower divisions of the Swedish football league system. The club was first formed with the name FC Kosova and competed in the non-league tiers in Sweden before re-organizing itself in 2014 and was officially formed with the name FC Iliria Stockholm. The club currently plays in Division 7 J Stockholm, which is the eight tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Vårbergs IP in Vårberg/Skärholmen.
The club was formed by ethnic Albanians living in the Stockholm region with the |
{"datasets_id": 1795, "wiki_id": "Q25105286", "sp": 6, "sc": 588, "ep": 6, "ec": 1179} | 1,795 | Q25105286 | 6 | 588 | 6 | 1,179 | FC Iliria Stockholm | Background | goal to uniting ethnic Albanians in a team that would later compete in the higher tiers of Swedish football. It was also the first gathering point of ethnic Albanians in the Swedish capital since this ethnic group lacked any kind of union or club whatsoever.
The club started of their first season in division 7 by containing the leading spot until the sixth round when the withdrawals of league competitors FG Sthlm & Sthlm Talent FC saw FC Iliria with a six-point reduction and later saw the team finishing on a third place in their debut season.
In the upcoming season of |
{"datasets_id": 1795, "wiki_id": "Q25105286", "sp": 6, "sc": 1179, "ep": 6, "ec": 1392} | 1,795 | Q25105286 | 6 | 1,179 | 6 | 1,392 | FC Iliria Stockholm | Background | 2016, the team has acquired the services of former Wolfsburg midfielder Admir Lekaj, Vasalund defender Albert Krasniqi and Panserraikos defender Spiro Sinani and is seen as a main contender to winning the league. |
{"datasets_id": 1796, "wiki_id": "Q831418", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 582} | 1,796 | Q831418 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 582 | FC Treptow | History | FC Treptow History The club fielded strong lower division teams and won its way through to the Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg/Staffel B (I) in 1932. The following year German football was reorganized under the Third Reich into 16 top-flight regional divisions and BEWAG was not included as part of the new Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg which was made up of only 12 teams in a single division, rather than the 20 teams of the Oberliga's two divisions. The team was renamed Sportverein BEWAG Berlin in 1932 and was promoted to Gauliga play in 1936. In 1938, they were again renamed becoming SV Elektra Berlin, |
{"datasets_id": 1796, "wiki_id": "Q831418", "sp": 6, "sc": 582, "ep": 6, "ec": 1210} | 1,796 | Q831418 | 6 | 582 | 6 | 1,210 | FC Treptow | History | and they made an appearance in the opening round of the Tschammerspokal, predecessor of today's DFB-Pokal (German Cup). SV earned mid-table results over the next three seasons before being relegated following an 11th place finish in 1941.
After the end World War II in 1945, most sports and football clubs in Germany were dissolved by occupying Allied authorities. The club was re-established in 1949 as Betriebssportgemeinschaft BEWAG and was renamed BSG Turbine BEWAG in 1950. They made their second appearance in cup play, this time in the opening round of the FDGB-Pokal (East German Cup), and again went out in the |
{"datasets_id": 1796, "wiki_id": "Q831418", "sp": 6, "sc": 1210, "ep": 6, "ec": 1851} | 1,796 | Q831418 | 6 | 1,210 | 6 | 1,851 | FC Treptow | History | opening round. From the late 1950s on into the early 1970s, BEWAG was primarily a third-division side before settling into fourth-tier play as part of the separate football competition that emerged in Soviet-occupied East Germany. In 1974, they took on the name BSG Turbine Berlin and, in 1984, BSG Turbine EKB Treptow.
A single nationwide football competition was restored after the reunification of the country in 1990 and the club adopted the name SV Turbine Berlin. After the fall of 1994, Turbine joined Lok Schöneweide – established in 1925 as the rail worker's club Reichsbahnsportverein Berlin – to form the present day side |
{"datasets_id": 1796, "wiki_id": "Q831418", "sp": 6, "sc": 1851, "ep": 6, "ec": 2225} | 1,796 | Q831418 | 6 | 1,851 | 6 | 2,225 | FC Treptow | History | FC Treptow which was named for the former southeastern city district of Treptow which is home to the club. In 1996, the football section of former East German club NARVA Berlin joined FC and the newly combined side took up the place of NARVA in the Landesliga Berlin (VI) where they remained until being sent down in 2001. Today the team plays in the Kreisliga Berlin (IX). |
{"datasets_id": 1797, "wiki_id": "Q20749438", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 76} | 1,797 | Q20749438 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 76 | FIBA Europe Cup | History & Tournament | FIBA Europe Cup History On June 30, 2015, FIBA announced it would start a new league to compete with Euroleague Basketball's EuroCup. The new competition, which replaced EuroChallenge, was supposed to be open for up to 100 teams to enter.
The first FIBA Europe Cup game was played on October 21, 2015, when Donar Groningen beat Egis Körmend 78–71. In the 2016–17 season, FIBA started the Basketball Champions League and since then teams from the Champions League can be transferred to the Europe Cup through their position. Tournament The tournament proper begins with a regular season of 32 teams, divided into |
{"datasets_id": 1797, "wiki_id": "Q20749438", "sp": 10, "sc": 76, "ep": 10, "ec": 648} | 1,797 | Q20749438 | 10 | 76 | 10 | 648 | FIBA Europe Cup | Tournament | eight groups. Seeding is used whilst making the draw for this stage, whilst teams from the same country may not be drawn into groups together. Each team meets the others in its group in home and away games, in a round-robin format. The winning team and runner-up from each group then progress to the second round with 16 teams divided into four groups. Each team meets the others in its group in home and away games, in a round-robin format.
For the play-offs, the winning team and runner-up from each group join them and play a two-legged format. Until 2019, the |
{"datasets_id": 1797, "wiki_id": "Q20749438", "sp": 10, "sc": 648, "ep": 14, "ec": 279} | 1,797 | Q20749438 | 10 | 648 | 14 | 279 | FIBA Europe Cup | Tournament & Awards | fifth-placed teams and sixth-placed teams were dropped from the Basketball Champions League regular season. The regular season is played from October to December and the second round is played from December to January, whilst the play-offs start in February. Awards After each round, the FIBA Europe Cup awards the "Top Performer" honour to the best player of the given round. In its inaugural season, the competition had a Final Four MVP award for the best player of a given Final Four. However, since 2015–16 the award has not been handed out. |
{"datasets_id": 1798, "wiki_id": "Q19892464", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 29} | 1,798 | Q19892464 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 29 | FK Gradec | History | FK Gradec History The club was founded in 1977. |
{"datasets_id": 1799, "wiki_id": "Q5426892", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 142} | 1,799 | Q5426892 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 142 | FOROtv | History & Sports & Full-time | FOROtv History FOROtv launched on cable and satellite on February 15, 2010 and marked Televisa's return to the cable news business after operating the Noticias ECO service between 1988 and 2001. On August 30 of that year, it made its broadcast television debut when XHTV ditched its programming lineup aimed at Mexico City to carry FOROtv's programs. Sports FOROtv also carries some sports programs; its coverage has included Formula 1, MLB, NHL, NBA, Sunday afternoon NFL games, and NASCAR. Full-time FOROtv's programming is carried full-time on Mexico City's XHTV-TDT.
In January 2018, Televisa was approved to put FOROtv as a digital |
{"datasets_id": 1799, "wiki_id": "Q5426892", "sp": 14, "sc": 142, "ep": 18, "ec": 324} | 1,799 | Q5426892 | 14 | 142 | 18 | 324 | FOROtv | Full-time & Part-time | subchannel of six of its regional stations, primarily in northern Mexico. Another 18 stations (Guadalajara, Monterrey, San Luis Potosí, Morelia and Puebla, followed by Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Cuernavaca, León, Torreón, Toluca and Durango, then Acapulco, Coatzacoalcos, Culiacán, Mérida, Oaxaca, Querétaro, Saltillo and Xalapa) were added in early 2018. Part-time FOROtv's lack of full-time stations, however, was traditionally supplemented by its use by Televisa's local partners and most Televisa Regional stations. Most of these stations only took selected newscasts in key dayparts. With Televisa shedding many of its local affiliate partners, these relationships have come to an end. |
{"datasets_id": 1800, "wiki_id": "Q3737790", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 609} | 1,800 | Q3737790 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 609 | Fabio Mochi | Biography | Fabio Mochi Biography Further to obtaining his school leaving certificate in artistic studies in 1975, in 1985 he was nominated one of the most promising Tuscan artists by the University of Florence. In 1989, together with Paolo Biondi he founded the Noé Studio that offers graphic, computer graphics and decoration services. In 1993 he took part in the 1st National Computer-Art Exhibition in Michelangelo Caprese and also in the same year collaborated with Ettore Maiotti at the Creative Graphics Courses organised by Fabbri Editori. In 1999 he was invited to exhibit his works combining traditional and digital techniques at the |
{"datasets_id": 1800, "wiki_id": "Q3737790", "sp": 6, "sc": 609, "ep": 10, "ec": 288} | 1,800 | Q3737790 | 6 | 609 | 10 | 288 | Fabio Mochi | Biography & Museum and exhibition projects | Florence Art Biennale. In 2005 he became an advisor for the Giorgio Morandi Study Centre. From 2007 to 2009 he created the illustrations for the Findomestic advertisements as well as the illustrations for the "La Fattoria della Cultura"(Culture Farm) He has been a member of the Società Geografica Italiana (Italian Geographic Society) since 2013. Museum and exhibition projects Together with Paolo Biondi he created the logo for Museo Morandi (Morandi Museum) in Bologna in 1993, after which he was appointed to design the communications, signage and publications of numerous Italian museums (Museo Nazionale del Bargello (Bargello Museum), Galleria Palatina, Parchi |
{"datasets_id": 1800, "wiki_id": "Q3737790", "sp": 10, "sc": 288, "ep": 10, "ec": 992} | 1,800 | Q3737790 | 10 | 288 | 10 | 992 | Fabio Mochi | Museum and exhibition projects | della Val di Cornia (Val di Cornia Parks), Museo del tessuto (Textile Museum) in Prato, Palazzo Martinengo Cesaresco Novarino in Brescia, Museo della ceramica(Ceramics Museum) of Montelupo Fiorentino, Museo archeologico di Montelupo (Archaeological Museum), Centro per l'arte contemporanea Luigi Pecci (Modern Art Centre) of Prato, Museo della Vite e del Vino di Montespertoli (Wine and wine-growing Museum), Museo di arte sacra (Sacred Art Museum) (Montespertoli), Palazzo Ducale (Sassuolo), Cenacolo di Andrea del Sarto (Last Supper). Since 2009, together with Paolo Biondi, and under the direction of Antonio Paolucci, he has been educational advisor for the Musei Vaticani (Vatican Museums)for which |
{"datasets_id": 1800, "wiki_id": "Q3737790", "sp": 10, "sc": 992, "ep": 10, "ec": 1578} | 1,800 | Q3737790 | 10 | 992 | 10 | 1,578 | Fabio Mochi | Museum and exhibition projects | he redesigned the coat of arms. In 2005, under the direction of Marilena Pasquali, he organised the exhibition of Jean-Michel Folon in Florence which six years later gave rise to the creation of the permanent Folon exhibition in the Giardino delle Rose (Rose Garden) in Florence. Together with Marilena Pasquali he also organised several editions of the Biennale of the Muro Dipinto di Dozza. In 2012 he designed the exhibition "Verso Oriente e ritorno" (To the East and back) in Montelupo Fiorentino as part of the project, "Il mare tra le genti" (The sea among the races). In 2013 he |
{"datasets_id": 1800, "wiki_id": "Q3737790", "sp": 10, "sc": 1578, "ep": 14, "ec": 47} | 1,800 | Q3737790 | 10 | 1,578 | 14 | 47 | Fabio Mochi | Museum and exhibition projects & Travel | helped organise the exhibition "La Luce del Mondo" (The Light of the World) in San Miniato together with Fausto Berti and Franco Cardini.
In 2014 he finished setting up the MMAB of Montelupo Fiorentino (including the Ceramics Museum and Library) with tactile and experimental elements targeting both young people and the visually impaired. He designed the museum tour of the Florentine Santa Maria Nuova Hospital using new exhibition logics. Also in 2014 he helped prepare the exhibition "Effetto Frana" (Landslide effect) in Montespertoli where one of his works was on display. Travel After various trips to Africa and Asia, in 1992 |
{"datasets_id": 1800, "wiki_id": "Q3737790", "sp": 14, "sc": 47, "ep": 14, "ec": 674} | 1,800 | Q3737790 | 14 | 47 | 14 | 674 | Fabio Mochi | Travel | he travelled to Sudan where he followed the itinerary of Carlo Piaggia, following which he organised a photographic exhibition "Il Nilo diviso" (The divided Nile). After trips to Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso and the Ivory Coast in the footsteps of Mungo Park, in 1994 he organised the exhibition "Un viaggio in Africa Occidentale" (A journey through West Africa) together with Massimo Serandrei, to display wooden works of African art. Numerous pieces from his private collection have been included in various Italian exhibitions, the most recent being "Terre lontane" (Distant lands) in 2009 at the Museo del Tessuto of Prato. |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 713} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 713 | Factory | Factory A factory, manufacturing plant or a production plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another.
Factories arose with the introduction of machinery during the Industrial Revolution when the capital and space requirements became too great for cottage industry or workshops. Early factories that contained small amounts of machinery, such as one or two spinning mules, and fewer than a dozen workers have been called "glorified workshops".
Most modern factories have large warehouses or warehouse-like facilities that contain heavy |
|
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 4, "sc": 713, "ep": 4, "ec": 1401} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 4 | 713 | 4 | 1,401 | Factory | equipment used for assembly line production. Large factories tend to be located with access to multiple modes of transportation, with some having rail, highway and water loading and unloading facilities.
Factories may either make discrete products or some type of material continuously produced such as chemicals, pulp and paper, or refined oil products. Factories manufacturing chemicals are often called plants and may have most of their equipment – tanks, pressure vessels, chemical reactors, pumps and piping – outdoors and operated from control rooms. Oil refineries have most of their equipment outdoors.
Discrete products may be final consumer goods, or parts and |
|
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 4, "sc": 1401, "ep": 8, "ec": 20} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 4 | 1,401 | 8 | 20 | Factory | History | sub-assemblies which are made into final products elsewhere. Factories may be supplied parts from elsewhere or make them from raw materials. Continuous production industries typically use heat or electricity to transform streams of raw materials into finished products.
The term mill originally referred to the milling of grain, which usually used natural resources such as water or wind power until those were displaced by steam power in the 19th century. Because many processes like spinning and weaving, iron rolling, and paper manufacturing were originally powered by water, the term survives as in steel mill, paper mill, etc. History Max Weber considered |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 8, "sc": 20, "ep": 8, "ec": 735} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 8 | 20 | 8 | 735 | Factory | History | production during ancient times as never warranting classification as factories, with methods of production and the contemporary economic situation incomparable to modern or even pre-modern developments of industry. In ancient times, the earliest production limited to the household, developed into a separate endeavour independent to the place of inhabitation with production at that time only beginning to be characteristic of industry, termed as "unfree shop industry", a situation caused especially under the reign of the Egyptian pharaoh, with slave employment and no differentiation of skills within the slave group comparable to modern definitions as division of labour.
According to translations of |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 8, "sc": 735, "ep": 8, "ec": 1410} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 8 | 735 | 8 | 1,410 | Factory | History | Demosthenes and Herodotus, Naucratis was a, or the only, factory in the entirety of ancient Egypt. A source of 1983 (Hopkins), states the largest factory production in ancient times was of 120 slaves within 4th century BC Athens. An article within the New York Times article dated 13 October 2011 states:
"In African Cave, Signs of an Ancient Paint Factory" – (John Noble Wilford)
... discovered at Blombos Cave, a cave on the south coast of South Africa where 100,000-year-old tools and ingredients were found with which early modern humans mixed an ochre-based paint.
Although The Cambridge Online Dictionary definition of factory states:
a |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 8, "sc": 1410, "ep": 8, "ec": 2075} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 8 | 1,410 | 8 | 2,075 | Factory | History | building or set of buildings where large amounts of goods are made using machines
elsewhere:
... the utilization of machines presupposes social cooperation and the division of labour
— von Mises
The first machine is stated by one source to have been traps used to assist with the capturing of animals, corresponding to the machine as a mechanism operating independently or with very little force by interaction from a human, with a capacity for use repeatedly with operation exactly the same on every occasion of functioning. The wheel was invented c. 3000 BC, the spoked wheel c. 2000 BC. The Iron Age began approximately 1200–1000 |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 8, "sc": 2075, "ep": 8, "ec": 2669} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 8 | 2,075 | 8 | 2,669 | Factory | History | BC. However, other sources define machinery as a means of production.
Archaeology provides a date for the earliest city as 5000 BC as Tell Brak (Ur et al. 2006), therefore a date for cooperation and factors of demand, by an increased community size and population to make something like factory level production a conceivable necessity.
The watermill was first made in the Persian Empire some time before 350 BC. By the time of the 4th century AD, there was a water-milling installation with a capacity to grind 28 tons of grain per day, a rate sufficient to meet the needs of |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 8, "sc": 2669, "ep": 8, "ec": 3359} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 8 | 2,669 | 8 | 3,359 | Factory | History | 80,000 persons, in the Roman Empire.
The earliest proper factory milling installations appeared in the Islamic world from the 8th century onwards.The large population increase in medieval Islamic cities, such as Baghdad's 1.5 million population, led to the development of large-scale factory milling installations with higher productivity to feed and support the large growing population. A 10th-century grain-processing factory in the Egyptian town of Bilbays, for example, produced an estimated 300 tons of grain and flour per day. Both watermills and windmills were widely used in the Islamic world at the time.
The Venice Arsenal also provides one of the first examples |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 8, "sc": 3359, "ep": 12, "ec": 270} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 8 | 3,359 | 12 | 270 | Factory | History & Industrial Revolution | of a factory in the modern sense of the word. Founded in 1104 in Venice, Republic of Venice, several hundred years before the Industrial Revolution, it mass-produced ships on assembly lines using manufactured parts. The Venice Arsenal apparently produced nearly one ship every day and, at its height, employed 16,000 people. Industrial Revolution One of the earliest factories was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. By 1746, an integrated brass mill was working at Warmley near Bristol. Raw material went in at one end, was smelted into brass and was turned into pans, pins, wire, and |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 12, "sc": 270, "ep": 12, "ec": 967} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 12 | 270 | 12 | 967 | Factory | Industrial Revolution | other goods. Housing was provided for workers on site. Josiah Wedgwood in Staffordshire and Matthew Boulton at his Soho Manufactory were other prominent early industrialists, who employed the factory system.
The factory system began widespread use somewhat later when cotton spinning was mechanized.
Richard Arkwright is the person credited with inventing the prototype of the modern factory. After he patented his water frame in 1769, he established Cromford Mill, in Derbyshire, England, significantly expanding the village of Cromford to accommodate the migrant workers new to the area. The factory system was a new way of organizing workforce made necessary by the development |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 12, "sc": 967, "ep": 12, "ec": 1651} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 12 | 967 | 12 | 1,651 | Factory | Industrial Revolution | of machines which were too large to house in a worker's cottage. Working hours were as long as they had been for the farmer, that is, from dawn to dusk, six days per week. Overall, this practice essentially reduced skilled and unskilled workers to replaceable commodities. Arkwright's factory was the first successful cotton spinning factory in the world; it showed unequivocally the way ahead for industry and was widely copied.
Between 1770 and 1850 mechanized factories supplanted traditional artisan shops as the predominant form of manufacturing institution, because the larger-scale factories enjoyed a significant technological and supervision advantage over the small |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 12, "sc": 1651, "ep": 12, "ec": 2415} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 12 | 1,651 | 12 | 2,415 | Factory | Industrial Revolution | artisan shops. The earliest factories (using the factory system) developed in the cotton and wool textiles industry. Later generations of factories included mechanized shoe production and manufacturing of machinery, including machine tools. Factories that supplied the railroad industry included rolling mills, foundries and locomotive works. Agricultural-equipment factories produced cast-steel plows and reapers. Bicycles were mass-produced beginning in the 1880s.
The Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company's Bridgewater Foundry, which began operation in 1836, was one of the earliest factories to use modern materials handling such as cranes and rail tracks through the buildings for handling heavy items.
Large scale electrification of factories began |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 12, "sc": 2415, "ep": 16, "ec": 142} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 12 | 2,415 | 16 | 142 | Factory | Industrial Revolution & Siting the factory | around 1900 after the development of the AC motor which was able to run at constant speed depending on the number of poles and the current electrical frequency. At first larger motors were added to line shafts, but as soon as small horsepower motors became widely available, factories switched to unit drive. Eliminating line shafts freed factories of layout constraints and allowed factory layout to be more efficient. Electrification enabled sequential automation using relay logic. Siting the factory Before the advent of mass transportation, factories' needs for ever-greater concentrations of laborers meant that they typically grew up in an |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 16, "sc": 142, "ep": 16, "ec": 875} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 16 | 142 | 16 | 875 | Factory | Siting the factory | urban setting or fostered their own urbanization. Industrial slums developed, and reinforced their own development through the interactions between factories, as when one factory's output or waste-product became the raw materials of another factory (preferably nearby). Canals and railways grew as factories spread, each clustering around sources of cheap energy, available materials and/or mass markets. The exception proved the rule: even greenfield factory sites such as Bournville, founded in a rural setting, developed its own housing and profited from convenient communications systems.
Regulation curbed some of the worst excesses of industrialization's factory-based society, a series of Factory Acts leading the way |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 16, "sc": 875, "ep": 16, "ec": 1613} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 16 | 875 | 16 | 1,613 | Factory | Siting the factory | in Britain. Trams, automobiles and town planning encouraged the separate development of industrial suburbs and residential suburbs, with laborers commuting between them.
Though factories dominated the Industrial Era, the growth in the service sector eventually began to dethrone them: the focus of labor in general shifted to central-city office towers or to semi-rural campus-style establishments, and many factories stood deserted in local rust belts.
The next blow to the traditional factories came from globalization. Manufacturing processes (or their logical successors, assembly plants) in the late 20th century re-focussed in many instances on Special Economic Zones in developing countries or on maquiladoras just |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 16, "sc": 1613, "ep": 24, "ec": 59} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 16 | 1,613 | 24 | 59 | Factory | Siting the factory & Governing the factory & Shadow factories | across the national boundaries of industrialized states. Further re-location to the least industrialized nations appears possible as the benefits of out-sourcing and the lessons of flexible location apply in the future. Governing the factory Much of management theory developed in response to the need to control factory processes. Assumptions on the hierarchies of unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled laborers and their supervisors and managers still linger on; however an example of a more contemporary approach to handle design applicable to manufacturing facilities can be found in Socio-Technical Systems (STS). Shadow factories A shadow factory is a term given to dispersed manufacturing |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 24, "sc": 59, "ep": 28, "ec": 409} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 24 | 59 | 28 | 409 | Factory | Shadow factories & British shadow factories | sites in times of war to reduce the risk of disruption due to enemy air-raids and often with the dual purpose of increasing manufacturing capacity. Before World War II Britain had built many shadow factories. British shadow factories Production of the Supermarine Spitfire at its parent company's base at Woolston, Southampton was vulnerable to enemy attack as a high-profile target and was well within range of Luftwaffe bombers. Indeed, on 26 September 1940 this facility was completely destroyed by an enemy bombing raid. Supermarine had already established a plant at Castle Bromwich; this action prompted them to further disperse Spitfire |
{"datasets_id": 1801, "wiki_id": "Q83405", "sp": 28, "sc": 409, "ep": 28, "ec": 835} | 1,801 | Q83405 | 28 | 409 | 28 | 835 | Factory | British shadow factories | production around the country with many premises being requisitioned by the British Government.
Connected to the Spitfire was production of its equally important Rolls-Royce Merlin engine, Rolls-Royce's main aero engine facility was located at Derby, the need for increased output was met by building new factories in Crewe and Glasgow and using a purpose-built factory of Ford of Britain in Trafford Park Manchester. |
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