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growth hormone insensitivity ghi may be caused by failure of gh receptor CF some patients bearing specific ghr mutations differ from classical ghi individuals by extremely elevated ghbinding protein ghbp serum concentrations we investigated clinical genetic and biochemical characteristics of a severely growthretarded chinese boy with classical laron syndrome manifestations
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we report two patients with SVR lupus erythematosus sle who were found to have complete acidotic distal RTA drta one patient had nephrocalcinosis and renal magnesium wasting with tetany the other patient had nephrolithiasis and nephrotic syndrome secondary to MGN both patients had decreased urinary citrate excretion but neither had hypercalciuria we discuss the association of drta with immunologic disorders and the possible role of hypocitraturia in promoting renal calcification in these patients we suggest that patients with renal calcification be evaluated for drta and that patients found to have drta be further evaluated for signs symptoms and laboratory evidence of immunologic disorders
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each year thousands of pregnancies are achieved worldwide by in vitro fertilization ivf and its modifications commonly grouped under the general term assisted reproductive techniques arts the ivf program at the university of southern california usc was among the first to be established in the united states and had the distinction of achieving success in with the first ivf infant to be born on the west coast this paper discusses patient selection superovulation techniques methods of F2 aspiration sperm preparation embryo transfer procedures and management of the luteal phase of art cycles the various arts are described as are the expected success rates particular emphasis is placed on the techniques of oocyte donation and unstimulated ivf both of which play prominent roles in the treatment of infertility in the usc program
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we have cloned and characterized cdna encoding alpha i the gtpbinding subunit of gi a protein that mediates hormonal inhibition of adenylate cyclase and hormonal regulation of other membrane functions we have also identified cdna encoding a putative protein which we have named alpha h that is highly homologous to alpha i but different from other known gtpbinding proteins both cdnas were isolated from a bovine pituitary library the cdna encoding alpha i was identified by finding that the amino acid CS determined for two tryptic peptides from alpha i agreed exactly with CAA sequences deduced from the cdna we also determined the CAA sequence of peptides derived from alpha o a related kda protein purified from bovine BB these sequences are approximately MZ to the CS determined for alpha i southern blot analysis of bovine genomic dna using as probes radiolabeled cdnas for alpha i alpha h and the alpha S1 of a related protein transducin showed that each probe recognized different genomic dna fragments our results suggest a further level of complexity in the organization of the gprotein gene family with multiple g proteins of very similar structural properties likely to be identified as products of distinct genes
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gammadelta t lymphocytes in the intestinal IEL layer gammadelta iels are thought to contribute to immune competence but their actual CF remains poorly understood here we used dna microarrays to T0 the gene expression profile of gammadelta iels in a yersinia infection system to better define their roles to validate this approach mesenteric CL node cd alphabeta t cells were similarly analyzed the transcription profiles show that whereas CL node cd alphabeta t cells must be G1 to become cytotoxic effectors gammadelta iels are constitutively activated and appear to use different signaling cascades our data suggest that gammadelta iels may respond efficiently to a broad range of pathological situations irrespective of their diverse t cell antigen receptor repertoire gammadelta iels may modulate local immune responses and participate in intestinal lipid metabolism cholesterol homeostasis and physiology this study provides a strong basis for further investigations of the roles of these cells as well as mucosal immune defense in GA
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previously we estimated the prevalence and risk factors for prescription opioiduse disorder among outpatients on opioid therapy using the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders dsm and dsm criteria however at the time the dsm criteria were not finalized in the current T0 we analyzed these data using the final dsm criteria and compared these results
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due to the variable anatomy of the human pulmonary vein pv pv isolation for atrial fibrillation ablation is challenging a novel hot balloon ablation catheter has been developed to improve ablation outcomes the efficacy histopathologic lesion characteristics and thermodynamics of this technology were examined
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our aim was to T0 the impact of information on the behaviour of patients who were to have an oral biopsy specimen taken patients were randomly assigned either to be given the basic information about oral biopsy or a more extensive amount of information the krantz health opinion survey was used as a measure of preferences in decisions made about oral biopsy and we used a questionnaire to assess anxiety a total of patients were studied the participants were satisfied with the information provided both form and content but significantly more of those given basic information would have liked to know more p we conclude that information exerts a clear effect on patients attitude to oral biopsy provision of preoperative information leads to significantly less anxiety in all patients having a procedure under LA the results emphasise that patients need to be adequately informed about oral biopsy
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oxodihydroguanine hydroxyguanine is oxidized more easily than normal nucleobases which can produce spiroiminodihydantoin sp and guanidinohydantoin gh these secondary oxidation products of oxodihydroguanine are highly mutagenic when formed within dna to evaluate the mutagenicity of the corresponding oxidation products of oxodihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphate hydroxy deoxyguanosine triphosphate in the nucleotide pool escherichia coli cells deficient in the mutt gene were treated with ho and the induced mutations were analyzed moreover the deoxyriboside triphosphate derivatives of sp and gh were also introduced into competent e coli cells the ho treatment of mutt e coli cells resulted in increase of gc â ta and at â ta mutations however the incorporation of exogenous sp and gh deoxyribonucleotides did not significantly increase the mutation frequency these results suggested that the oxidation products of oxodihydrodeoxyguanosine triphosphate induces gc â ta and at â ta mutations and that the deoxyriboside triphosphate derivatives of sp and gh exhibit quite weak mutagenicity in contrast to the bases in dna
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historically baccalaureate nursing programs in canada have prepared graduates to practice in the community two recent trendsthe move to prepare all RNs in degree programs and the changing climate in which community nursing is practicedmade it timely to explore the educational preparation required for community health practice this article reports on one part of the T0 ie on findings that explicate the nature of CHN practice in a western canadian province as it has changed during the past decade as it is currently practiced and as it is expected to develop in the future what in other words is the nature of the community practice for which nursing students should be prepared an action research design guided the T0 participants were recruited from all L1 urban rural and northern settings in which baccalaureate nurses practice throughout the province the perspective of relevant people was considered important ie nurses practicing in the community administrators and educators of future community nurses one hundred eighteen participants were interviewed in focus CG data were tape recorded transcribed and analyzed for content among the themes identified were those that captured changes community health nurses experienced in their nursing practice nurses also described how they thought practice would evolve in the years to come these themes are discussed within a primary health care framework in which nurses can be expected to play a more AS role in shaping community health nursing practice
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the present study evaluated the ameliorative potential of hydroalcoholic extract of trichosanthes dioica root tda against As induced toxicity in male albino rats tda and mgkg was administered orally to rats for consecutive days before oral administration of sodium arsenite mgkg for days then the body weights organ weights haematological profiles serum biochemical profile hepatic and renal antioxidative parameters viz lipid peroxidation reduced and oxidized glutathione glutathionestransferase glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase superoxide dismutase catalase and dna fragmentation were evaluated pretreatment with tda markedly and significantly normalized body weights organ weights haematological profiles SS PSA profile and significantly modulated all the hepatic and renal biochemical parameters and reduced dna fragmentation in arsenic intoxicated rats the present findings conclude that t dioica root possessed remarkable ameliorative effect against As induced organ toxicity in male albino rats mediated by alleviation of arsenic induced oxidative stress by multiple mechanisms
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during a year retrospective T0 children with blunt abdominal trauma were investigated with intravenous urography ivu ultrasound us and scintigraphy for the investigation of the last children T3 a th generation ct scanner was available in the same department the results of radiologic investigations were compared with clinical outcome in and results at laparotomy in children during the T0 period real time us became the first line screening tool and was combined with ivu in suspected renal trauma in spite of permanent accessibility of ct since november the latter was used only in complex diagnostic problems or in children with multiple injuries of the series there were no deaths resulting from abdominal trauma during the T0 the incidence of splenectomy and exploratory laparotomy decreased and no diagnostic peritoneal lavage were performed after
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prostatic PA is a rare but nevertheless serious disease it should be diagnosed at an early stage by the combination of clinical examination and transrectal ultrasound and drained we treated a yearold case with multiple prostate abscesses pas by using lavage of the saline and antibiotic cefoxitin T3 transrectal ultrasoundguided transrectal puncture and aspiration we are presenting the transrectal ultrasound images of pre and postmedication where we achieved complete success and no relapse was seen in followup of year
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activation of the phagocytic cell superoxidegenerating nadph oxidase requires interaction of cytosolic and membraneassociated components with most stimuli activation of the oxidase is accompanied by multisite phosphorylation of the kda cytosolic oxidase factor p which translocates from cytosol to CM native p is a highly basic protein that undergoes stepwise charge shifts with successive phosphorylation events phosphorylation of p was studied by immunoprecipitation from neutrophil cytosol and membrane fractions followed by 2DE gel electrophoresis and autoradiography in the resting cell p was not phosphorylated in the cytosol of PMA acetateactivated neutrophils eight distinct p phosphoproteins were present the membrane fraction from these G1 cells contained a family of p phosphoproteins of electrophoretic mobilities identical to those seen in cytosol plus an additional more acidic p phosphoprotein not present in cytosol very early after activation s only the four most acidic p phosphoproteins were present in the membrane fraction only at later times min was the full spectrum of p phosphoproteins present in the membrane fraction in contrast the full spectrum of p phosphoproteins was present in the cytosol over the entire time course we studied in neutrophils from patients with cytochrome bdeficient chronic granulomatous disease p phosphorylation was incomplete and p translocation to membrane did not occur these studies demonstrated that the cytochrome was essential for formation of the three most acidic p phosphoproteins and greatly augmented formation of the fourth most acidic p phosphoprotein found in normal neutrophils the temporal rho between TPS p phosphorylation events and p translocation to membrane is consistent with a MM of oxidase activation in which a series of p phosphorylation events which occurs in cytosol precedes and may be required for p interaction with membrane
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a method using electronic nose to discriminate different species of dendrobium which is a kind of precious herb with medicinal application was developed with high efficiency and low cost a FR named aggregated conformal prediction was applied to make predictions with accuracy and reliability for enose PCD this method achieved a classification accuracy close to with an average improvement of when compared with the results obtained by using traditional inductive conformal prediction it also provided reliability assessment to show more comprehensive information for each prediction meanwhile two main indicators of conformal predictor validity and efficiency were also compared and discussed in this work the result shows that the RPA integrating EN with aggregated conformal prediction to classify the species of dendrobium with reliability and validity is promising
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magnetic iron oxide NPs have found application as CAs for magnetic resonance imaging mri and as switchable drug delivery vehicles their stabilization as colloidal carriers remains a challenge the potential of PE iminegpolyethylene glycol pegpei as stabilizer for iron oxide γfeâoâ NPs was studied in comparison to branched polyethylene imine pei carrier systems consisting of γfeâoâpei and γfeâoâpegpei were prepared and characterized regarding their physicochemical properties including magnetic resonance relaxometry colloidal stability of the formulations was tested in several media and cytotoxic effects in adenocarcinomic epithelial cells were investigated synthesized γfeâoâ cores showed superparamagnetism and high degree of crystallinity diameters of polymercoated nanoparticles γfeâoâpei and γfeâoâpegpei were found to be ± nm and ± models of alcoholism the present study tested the hypothesis that pharmacological activation of Ïreceptors facilitates ethanol reinforcement and induces excessive bingelike ethanol NI the effects of repeated subcutaneous treatment with the selective Ïreceptor agonist ditolylguanidine dtg mgkg twice a day for days on operant ethanol selfadministration were studied in sardinian alcoholpreferring sp rats to confirm that the effect of dtg was mediated by Ïreceptors the effects of pretreatment with the selective Ïreceptor antagonist bd mgkg subcutaneously were determined to assess the specificity of action the effects of dtg on the selfadministration of equally reinforcing solutions of saccharin or sucrose were also determined finally mRNA of opioid receptors in BB Az implicated in ethanol reinforcement was analyzed in ethanolnaive sp rats treated acutely or repeatedly with dtg because of the wellestablished role of the opioid system in alcohol reinforcement and addiction repeatedly po dtg progressively and dramatically increased ethanol selfadministration in sp rats and increased blood alcohol C2 which reached mean values close to mg in h drinking sessions repeated dtg treatment also increased the rats motivation to work for alcohol under a progressiveratio schedule of reinforcement bd prevented the effects of dtg confirming that Ïreceptors mediate the effects of dtg repeated dtg treatment also increased the selfadministration of the nondrug reinforcers CS and SU naive sp rats repeatedly treated with dtg showed increased mrna expression of μ and δopioid receptors in the VTA area these results suggest a key facilitatory role for Ïreceptors in the reinforcing effects of alcohol and identify a potential mechanism that contributes to bingelike and excessive drinking
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the spinal cord of psittacines suffering from proventricular dilatation disease pdd was investigated in six cases a virus was isolated which upon electron microscopic examination revealed morphological details typical of members of the paramyxoviridae all isolates were subsequently characterized as avian paramyxovirus serotype apmv by typespecific polyclonal antisera according to their reactivity with apmv TPS monoclonal antibodies the six isolates shared epitopes within the HN spike protein distinct from pigeontype paramyxoviruses and the lasota vaccine strain this grouping was further corroborated by properties of the haemagglutinin all isolates showed a very thermosensitive HA activity and were rapid eluters virulence of the apmv isolates in dayold specific pathogen free spf chicken was very low with IC pathogenicity indices between and in embryonated spf chicken eggs psittacine isolates replicated to high titres eidml however they exhibited a reduced lethality over an observation time of days eldml in a HIT with parrot sera from birds with no PH of apmv vaccination sera reacted preferentially with two isolates compared with apmv vaccine strains lasota and b the other four isolates exhibited a differentiated reaction DP with the parrot sera indicating an antigenic inhomogeneity this is the first report of isolating very low virulent apmv from neuronal tissue of parrots and implications for a possible role in slow progressing disease will be discussed
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the postmortem diagnosis of drowning continues to be one of the most difficult in forensic pathology because of unspecific autopsy findings it must be always remembered that disposal of a victim body in water is not unknown in homicide the most important physiological consequence in fatal drowning is hypoxemia the ALI of alveoli and distal airways of the mature lung are lined with a thin layer of lung SF composed of phospholipids proteins and neutral lipids surfactant components are synthesized andor incorporated into lung surfactant in ATII cells and secreted to form an airspace lining film the composition and CF of lung surfactant is disturbed in cases od acute lung injury ali including drowning SP-A spa is the most abundant SP-A SF proteina spa is secreted by type ii alveolar cells and cells its immunohistochemical CSD is observed in two different pathways a linear membranous staining and a granular intraalveolar IF we hypothesize the significance of immunohistochemical detection of spa and its help in determination of the time of death and possibly distinguishing of death by immersion vs postmortem immersion using the morphological analysis applied on spa immunohistochemical stained lung tissue samples we also argue in favor of routine use of spa staining in selected forensic cases where pathogenesis includes mechanical asphyxia and lung pathology although some studies reached conclusions to define the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of mechanical asphyxia and aspiration necessity of additional studies arose the mechanism of the production of massive aggregates remains to be determined in the mean time the detection of spa immunohistochemical as well as biochemical is potentially useful tool in the forensic practice with possible application in daily practice
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studies conducted in industrialized countries have shown that elderly demented subjects have increased risk of car accidents however there is no information about the effect of PSD on driving habits in nonindustrialized countries the number of motor vehicle crashes mvc and abnormal driving behaviours adb eg not recognizing traffic lights driving in the middle of the road etc were assessed with a semistructured interview in demented subjects and elderly controls all of whom were AS drivers at the regional registry of PSD in mendoza detailed neurological psychiatric and neuropsychological examinations were also conducted on each subject the presence of dementia and sex male predicted adb mvc and number of mvc two or more among demented patients adb and mvc were associated with sex male and number of mvc was associated with sex male and blessed dementia rating scale for MICs of daily living scores neither adb mcv oarranted to evaluate whether it is reasonable to assume common variances and covariances among measurements collected on workers from different CG
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a cytopathic mutant of rous sarcoma virusprb was isolated and shown to have two C1 deletions which result in the junction of gag sequences in p to the end of env and in the loss of the src gene this replicationdefective rd and transformationdefective td mutant can replicate in the presence of its helper which is also td but the viral particles produced are poorly infectious most of the virions do not contain viral rna and the mutant rna accumulates in INF cells where it is poorly translated and packaged molecular clones of the mutant of its helper and of a prbtd CS were obtained in lambdaembl characterized shown to be biologically active by transfection assays and sequenced nucleotide sequence comparisons indicate that the strong ribosomebinding site of RSV rna responsible for the efficient rna translation in vivo and in vitro is mutated in prbhm mutant rna this causes the inhibition of rna translation as demonstrated by translation competition experiments using virus rna made in vitro that carries the original or the mutated ribosomebinding site in addition an insertion present at the end of both the mutant and the helper rna but absent in prbtd rna is probably responsible for the inhibition of rna packaging finally these data are discussed in the CS of a model of a RSV rna structure leading to a circular rna molecule which has implications in rna translation psi and reverse transcription
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glucosylceramide glccer a L1 sphingolipid in plants and fungi is known to have food functions such as preventing intestinal impairment and enhancing the moisture content of skin however there is little information about functions of glccer in food sources as most of the studies on glccer functions are done using purified glccer this T0 was performed to investigate the effects of glccer contained in food on intestinal impairment polished rice flour rf and this ethanol extract re were used as sources of glccer and these were evaluated by studying the formation of aberrant crypt foci acf in dimethylhydrazine dmhtreated mice which is a MM of colon cancer mice were fed with either a control diet a rf diet where rf replaces cornstarch gkg or a plus re diet gkg re was extracted from the same amount of rf present in the rf diet the amount of glccer was similar in both the rf and re diets and mgkg respectively dmh treatment induced the formation of acf and the production of inflammationrelated cytokines both dietary rf and re suppressed acf formation and re in particular showed a significant suppressive effect dietary re inhibited the production of almost all of the inflammationrelated cytokines studied while rf suppressed only a few of these cytokines the present T0 suggests that the lipophilic fraction including glccer present in polished rice has protective effects against intestinal impairment but it requires extraction since digestion CT is not enough to elicit its CR protective action
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the bottomup construction of PET devices from molecular building blocks offers great potential in tailoring materials properties and functionality with utmost control an important step toward exploiting bottomup construction for reallife applications is the creation of covalently bonded structures that provide sufficient stability as well as superior charge transport properties over reversibly linked selfassembled structures onsurface synthesis has emerged as a promising strategy for fabricating SD covalently bound molecular structure on surfaces so far a majority of the structures created by this method have been obtained from a rather simple onestep processing RPA but the onsurface preparation of complex structures will require the possibility to carry out various reaction steps in a sequential manner as done in solution chemistry only one example exists in literature in which a hierarchical strategy is followed to enhance structural complexity and reliability on a metallic surface future molecular electronic application will however require transferring these strategies to nonconducting surfaces bulk insulating substrates are known to pose significant challenges to onsurface synthesis due to the absence of a metal catalyst and their low surface SE frequently resulting in molecule desorption rather than reaction activation by carefully selecting a suitable F0 molecule we succeeded in performing a twostep linking reaction on a bulk insulating surface besides a firm anchoring toward the substrate surface the reaction CS and sequential order are encoded in the molecular structure providing so far unmatched reaction control in onsurface synthesis on a bulk insulating ATP
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resinmodified glass ionomer cements are a recent development in which the desirable properties of glass ionomer cements and resincomposites are combined the presence of resin may however retard the acidbase reaction of the ionomer component this has led to a debate regarding the classification of resin modified materials as true GI cements and the actual duration of the acidbase reaction after initial setting via light polymerization has taken place to investigate this issue a novel method employing ftir spectrophotometry was used to monitor the acidbase complexation reaction in a resinmodified glass ionomer cement fuji ii lc and a conventional chemically cured cement fuji ii cap this method involved subtraction of the background resin spectrum from the fuji ii lc spectra and subsequent application of a baseline to obtain the plot of absorbance area ratio in the range of to cm complexed carboxyls to that in the range of to cm free carboxyls this study demonstrates evidence of a delayed acidbase reaction for the resinmodified cement which C2 off after hours of cement mixing in contrast the complexation reaction of the conventional glass ionomer cement was essentially complete after hours
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maximum left VVI WS is calculated at enddiastolic volume and systemic arterial diastolic blood pressure according to a thickwalled MM for the principle of laplace AS is independent of body mass and averages kpa confidence interval in species of mammals weighing kg and kpa in birds weighing kg birds have higher arterial blood pressures and larger NF than mammals systolic and diastolic arterial BPs increase with body mass according to m in mammals and heart mass increases according to m in the same species further supporting the principle however blood pressure in birds is independent of body mass and HR mass scales isometrically enddiastolic AS values calculated according to laplace are about onethird of peak stresses recorded in isolated mammalian myocardial preparations
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median barrier warrant criteria were developed in the s and generally remain unchanged today vehicle travel including both traffic volumes and operating speeds have increased over this same time period encroachments into the median and subsequent collisions with vehicles traveling in the opposite travel lanes result in high severity crashes median barrier is typically used to prevent crossmedian crashes median barrier selection is based on median width and traffic volumes quantifiable information regarding the effects of median barrier installation and its placement on crash frequency is limited this paper investigates median barrier crash frequency on pennsylvania interstate highways including separate models for the turnpike and all other interstatedesignated highways negative binomial regression models were used to develop predictive crash frequency tools traffic volume horizontal alignment interchange ramp presence and median barrier offset distance from the travel lanes were used to estimate median barrier crash frequency the analytical methodology developed in this research can be used in concert with other prediction models to assess the consequences of median barrier placement decisions
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reverse transcription QPCR rtqpcr is a popular method for measuring transcript abundance the most commonly used method of interpretation is relative quantification and thus necessitates the use of normalization controls ie REF genes to standardize transcript abundance the most popular gene targets for rtqpcr are housekeeping genes because they are thought to maintain a static transcript level among a variety of samples however more recent studies have shown several housekeeping genes are not reliably stable this is the first T0 to examine the potential of several REF genes for use in rtqpcr normalization during barley malting the process of malting barley mechanizes the imbibition and subsequent germination of barley seeds under controlled conditions malt quality is controlled by many pleiotropic genes that are determined by examining the result of physiological changes the barley seed undergoes during the malting process we compared the stability of reference genes across both twoand sixrow malting barleys conrad and legacy respectfully throughout the entirety of the malting process initially primer target specificity amplification efficiency and average ct values were determined for each of the selected primer pairs three statistical programs genorm normfinder and bestkeeper were used to rank the stability of each reference gene rankings were similar between the two and sixrow with the exception of bestkeepers ranking of glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase gapdh a consensus ranking among programs was determined using reffinder our results show that actin act and heat shock protein hsp were the most SD throughout micromalting while gapdh and cyclophilin cyp were the least stable two REF genes are necessary for SD transcript normalization according to genorm and the best two REF genes act and hsp provided a sufficient level of stability
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MP single photon emission computed tomography mps is frequently used as the REF method for the determination of MI size perfitr is a software utilizing a threedimensional gender TPS averaged heart MM for the automatic DUE of myocardial perfusion the purpose of this T0 was to compare the perfusion defect size on mps assessed with perfit with the hyperenhanced volume assessed by late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging lge and to relate their effect on the wall motion score index wmsi assessed with cine magnetic resonance imaging cinemri and echocardiography echo
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longitudinal spin relaxation due to modulation of dipolar interactions often limits the OD of HP magnetic tracers recently it has been demonstrated that transferring spin order to a singlet state significantly increases the polarization lifetimes in systems where nitrous oxide is dissolved in a liquid solvent additionally previous studies have suggested that the longitudinal relaxation of nitrous oxide is largely dominated by the spinrotation interaction models of spinrelaxation under brownian motion naïvely predict the angular momentum reorienting rho time of the spin rotation interaction to be inversely proportional to the viscosity of the solution this dependence implies the singlet lifetime can be lengthened by increasing the dissolving solvents viscosityan extension which is not observed our work formulates a model which describes the relaxation of nitrous oxide dissolved in various solvents we investigate the effect of altering the temperature of the solvent as well as the effect of varying solutesolvent interactions on the singlet state as well as the longitudinal polarization lifetime we predict the singlet lifetime for nitrous oxide dissolved in several solvents by fitting rotational and angular momentum correlation times measured at high magnetic field and relate singlet relaxation to translational DWI constants
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carbendazim is a broad spectrum carbamate fungicide used in the control of various fungal pathogens licorice glycyrrhiza glabra is one of the widely used medicinal plants in oriental nations the present work studied the effect of licorice AQ extract on carbendaziminduced testicular toxicity in albino rats administration of carbendazim induced significant decrease in testis weight diameter and germinal epithelial height of the seminiferous tubules histological results revealed degeneration of ST loss of spermatogenic cells and apoptosis moreover carbendazim caused elevation of testicular MDA mda marker of lipid peroxidation and reduced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase sod and catalase cat coadministration of licorice extract with MBC improved the histomorphological and histopathological changes observed in animals treated with carbendazim in addition licorice treatment leads to a significant decrease in the level of mda and increase in the MICs of sod and cat according to the present results it is concluded that licorice AE can improve the testicular toxicity of MBC and this effect may be attributed to antioxidant properties of one or more of its constituents
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adults often develop chronic ITP itp for which treatment order is uncertain rituximab and three cycles of dexamethasone r dex improve treatment responses and ST disease control but LT outcome is not known in adults with itp treated with r d we sought LT outcome and associated prognostic variables fortynine adults treated at weillcornell received r dex their clinical characteristics were reviewed duration was median time to treatment failure kaplanmeier estimates were developed vbeta tcell receptor vbtcr repertoire was obtained T3 treatment in patients patients were adults with itp years old median age the females were twice asof effective mass rearing programs we investigated how and why host age or size affected fitness gain in a colemani we show that the parasitoid was significantly more likely to encounter larger hosts and that an encounter almost always triggered an attack attempt however the attack attempt did not proportionally translate into oviposition because larger aphids had greater ability to defend themselves and the parasitoid spent more time in handling larger aphids the host age at parasitization had no effect on emergence rates and SR of parasitoid progeny suggesting that pupae and larvae have similar survival rate in hosts of different ages andor the parasitoid females do not adjust sex allocation based on host size when parasitizing midaged hosts the parasitoid gained maximum fitness for their progeny in developmental period body size and parasitism taking all findings together we suggest that parasitizing midaged green peach aphid nymphs is most profitable for a colemani
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stentgrafts are ideally terminated within the common iliac artery cia however cia ectasia may require hypogastric artery occlusion with stentgraft extension to the EIA alternatively the diameter of the distal stentgraft may be increased or flared to allow exclusion of the ABD aortic aneurysm this report details the authors experience with this technique fortyone patients received bifurcated stentgrafts bsg received an aneurx device and received a zenith device cia ectasia diameter mm was treated with a distal flare of mm greater than the cia diameter patients were followed up with computed tomography scan at and months statistical analysis was performed using anova within CG and unpaired twotailed t test between CG a p value of was considered significant eight of patients cia received an aneurx device and cia received a zenith device with a distal flare values are n mean mm se there were no deaths endoleaks migrations or conversions to or followup mean was and range months for aneurx and zenith CG respectively in comparing initial and month cia diameters aneurx grafts vs were not significantly different p nor was the same comparison for zenith vs significant p at a mean followup of months distal flare of iliac limbs with either aneurx or zenith devices affords a seal for cia ectasia andor aneurysms complicating evar
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autoimmune responses to hn ribonucleproteins hnrnp occur in many SVR AD particularly in patients with RA ICA ra and systemic lupus erythematosus in ra humoral andor cellular autoimmunity to hnrnpab is the most prominent antinuclear reactivity being detectable in more than of patients however its pathogenic role has not been fully elucidated yet here we report that splenocytes from rats with pristaneinduced arthritis transfer disease after in vitro restimulation with hnrnpab antigens remarkably disease transfer can be blocked by nuclease treatment of hnrnps and is also achieved with splenocytes stimulated with hnrnpab associated dna or rna oligonucleotides on CT induction of proinflammatory cytokines in splenocytes stimulated with hnrnpabs or ons involves tolllike receptors tlr and but not tlr furthermore although TA are the main mediators of disease transfer they require restimulation with tlractivated antigenpresenting cells such as macrophages in order to become arthritogenic thus the autoantigenic properties of hnrnps appear to be mediated by their associated nucleic acids binding to tlr and our data explain the specific selection of hnrnpab as autoantigen in ra and reveal the requirement of interaction between innate and adaptive immunity to initiate and drive inflammation in autoimmune arthritis
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fortytwo landrace x large white sows were used in studies of oestradiol benzoate treatment h e or h e T3 piglet removal following lactations of s or l days or were UT controls c for exp oestradiol benzoate doses were and microgramskg body weight since highest mean lh peaks followed use of the microgramskg dose this treatment was used in later studies treatments for exp were se and le n pregnancy rates were and respectively while day weaned sows tended to have longer weaningremating intervals shorter oestrous periods and lower PI oestradiol peaks PT lh peaks were recorded from all le sows but only one se animal treatments se le sc and lc n were used in exp PRs were and respectively while peak oestradiol C2 were and pgml respectively weaningremating intervals were extended in sc sows p less than while oestradiol treatment prolonged behavioural oestrus lh peak values were reduced T3 short lactations but not affected by oestradiol treatment plasma prolactin concentrations at weaning were higher in sows in treatment s than in treatment l while at the subsequent oestrus in oestradioltreated sows they were elevated more and for longer periods than in controls these results demonstrate that reduced GTH secretion and fertility T3 short lactations are not overcome by treatment with oestradiol benzoate
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PVA pva was tested as a replacement for protein bovine SS albumin bsa in supporting motility acrosome reactions and fertilizing ability of hamster spermatozoa in vitro bovine serum Al is normally required for all of these processes T3 incubation for hours in a simple SC medium containing bsa and pva mgml and essential low molecular weight AF from BS of motile spermatozoa had undergone acrosome reactions sperm motility was equally well maintained by pva in the absence of bsa but virtually no spermatozoa showed acrosome reactions even after prolonged incubation SS AF were later replaced by hypotaurine microm isoproterenol microm and penicillamine microm spermatozoa incubated in this DM with bsa alone or with bsa and pva fertilized more than of oocytes no oocytes were penetrated when bsa was replaced by pva although vigorous sperm motility was maintained polyvinylalcohol may help elucidate the mechanism of the acrosome reaction by permitting effects of protein and other substances to be studied without loss of sperm motility viability polyvinylalcohol could also replace bsa in solutions used for manipulation of zona pellucidafree oocytes it is suggested that pva may find general application in CC media
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several epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between adult height and cancer incidence the only T0 conducted among women on mouth and pharynx cancer risk however reported an inverse association this T0 aims to investigate the association between height and the risk of head and neck CA hnc within a C1 international consortium of hnc we analyzed pooled individuallevel data from casecontrol studies participating in the international head and neck cancer epidemiology consortium odds ratios ors and confidence intervals cis were estimated separately for men and women for associations between height and hnc risk educational level tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption were included in all regression models stratified analyses by hnc subsites were performed this project included cases and controls we found an inverse association between height and hnc adjusted or per cm height ci for men adjusted or ci for women in men the estimated or did vary by educational level smoking status geographic area and control source no differences by subsites were detected adult height is inversely associated with hnc risk as height can be considered a marker of childhood illness and low SE intake the inverse association is consistent with prior studies showing that hnc occur more frequently among deprived individuals further studies designed to elucidate the mechanism of such association would be warranted
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accumulating evidences have indicated that the functional insdel attg polymorphism in the promoter region of human nuclear factorkappa b nfkb gene may be associated with CA risk however some studies yielded conflicting results to clarify precise association we performed a comprehensive metaanalysis of casecontrol studies involving subjects cases and controls the overall results suggested that the insdel attg polymorphism had a decreased risk for CA reaching significant C2 in five genetic models dominant MM or ci p recessive model or ci p homozygous model or ci p heterozygous MM or ci p allelic model or ci p furthermore the insdel attg polymorphism could confer a decreased or increased risk for cancer OD among asians and caucasians respectively additionally the stratification analysis revealed a significant association between the variant and decreased risk of oral ovarian and nasopharyngeal cancer in asians T3 we adjusted p values using the benjaminihochberg false discovery rate method to account for multiple comparisons these associations remained
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a phenotypic feature of aging is skeletal muscle wasting it is characterized by a loss of MM and strength agerelated loss of MM occurs through a reduction in the rate of protein synthesis an increase in protein Kd or a combination of both however the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood to test the hypothesis that the UPP contributes to this phenomenon we studied murf and atrogin expression in tibialis anterior muscle of aged rats these two e ligases are considered as sensitive markers of muscle protein degradation by the ubiquitinproteasome system our results revealed that in skeletal muscle of aged rats the decline in muscle mass is accompanied by an increase in the level of oxidized proteins and ubiquitin conjugates whereas the functionality of the proteasome remains constant compared to young rats furthermore the level of both murf and atrogin mrna is markedly upregulated in aged muscle respectively x and x taken together these data argue for the involvement of the ubiquitinproteasome pathway in sarcopenia of fasttwitch muscle in particular through increased expression of murf and atrogin moreover we observed a decrease in the igfakt signalling pathways and elevated level of TNF mrna in aged rat muscle therefore igfakt and tnfalpha represent potential mediators implicated in the regulation of murf and atrogin genes during aging
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to investigate the proliferation of CII specific t cell response and antibody formation in RA ICA ra and their relations to hladr AT1
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our aim was to investigate the association between BW and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults lada a common diabetes form with features of both type and type diabetes
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bacteria respond to changes in medium osmolarity by varying the concentrations of specific solutes in order to maintain constant turgor the primary response of lactobacillus plantarum to an osmotic upshock involves the accumulation of compatible solutes such as GB proline and glutamate we have studied the osmotic regulation of glycine betaine transport in l plantarum by measuring the overall and unidirectional rates of GB uptake and exit at osmostasis and under conditions of osmotic upshock and downshock at steady state conditions a basal flux of glycine betaine but no net uptake or efflux is observed that amounts to about of the rate of activated uptake uptake at high osmolarity no direct exchange of clabeled glycine betaine in the medium for unlabeled glycine betaine in the cytoplasm was observed in glucose metabolizing and resting cells indicating that a separate GB efflux system is responsible for the exit of GB upon osmotic upshock the uptake system for glycine betaine is rapidly G1 within seconds whereas the basal efflux is inhibited these two responses account for a rapid accumulation of glycine betaine until osmostasis is reached upon osmotic downshock GB is rapidly released by the cells in a process that has two kinetic components ie one with a halflife of less than s which is unaffected by the metabolic status of the cells the other with a halflife of min in glucosemetabolizing cells which is dependent on internal ph or a related parameter we speculate that the former activity corresponds to a SA channel whereas the latter may be facilitated by a carrier protein glycine betaine uptake is strongly inhibited immediately T3 an osmotic downshock but slowly recovers in time these studies demonstrate that in l plantarum osmostasis is maintained through positive and negative regulation of both glycine betaine uptake and efflux of which activation of uptake upon osmotic upshock and activation of a channellike activity upon osmotic downshock are quantitatively most important
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a new method of generating wedgeshaped dose distributions through dynamic multileaf collimator dose delivery rather than computercontrolled jaw motion is presented the method starts with the calculation of a wedgeshaped beam profile for the desired wedge angle the resultant wedge beam profile is then passed to the intensitymodulated radiation therapy imrt leaf sequence generation algorithm to create multileaf collimator mlc segments for dose delivery wedgeshaped dose distributions are achieved through dynamic mlc dose delivery guided with the generated mlc segments the method has been tested by generating wedgeshaped doses for a set of conventional wedge angles ie degrees degrees degrees and degrees film dosimetry is used for dose CSD verification for each dose delivery guided with mlc segments created for the indicated wedge angle the desired wedgeshaped dose distributions are observed it is concluded that the dynamic mlc can be used to implement dynamic wedges in the clinic this technique is different from the virtual wedge or the dynamic wedge developed for a particular type of linac the same method can be applied to any machine equipped with a mlc other advantages are that it can generate a wedge field at an arbitrary orientation as the omni wedge does and it creates wedged and shaped fields using a mlc only
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the therapeutic effect of transfer factor tf from healthy donors was investigated in two children with extensive intractable atopic dermatitis recurrent pyogenic skin infections hyperimmunoglobulinaemia e defective neutrophil CTX and depressed cellmediated immunity striking clinical improvement was noted in both patients with disappearance of skin infections pruritus and eczema no new lesions have occurred months T3 the completion of therapy in the first patient but a few new atopic lesions have reappeared after months in the second both patients are off steroids and antibiotics transfer factor administration did not influence the t cell rosette number or the lymphocyte blastic transformation response but it did cause conversion of the skintest CR in both patients and correction of polymorphonuclear CTX in one of them non clinical sideeffects were noted but marked and persistent rise of SS ige was observed in both patients our data suggest that patients with hyperige syndrome may be benefited by tf therapy and they lend further support to the notion that t lymphocyte deficiency may be the basis of the eczema in this syndrome
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the metabolic CL of insulin mcri in nonobese type diabetic patients treated with either insulin alone or combined insulin plus SU therapy is investigated a CP hour euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic gl clamp using the artificial pancreas was performed in a randomized order after two week periods of treatment either with subcutaneous i.v. of insulin CT or with insulin plus p.o. of the sulfonylurea compound glipizide at the dose of x mgday the mcri was calculated knowing the constant insulin infusion rate ukgh and measuring basal and steadystate plasma free insulin and cpeptide C2 when the test was performed at the end of the period of treatment with insulin plus glipizide and min T3 the ingestion of the last dose of mg glipizide plasma cpeptide C2 were significantly increased and steadystate free insulin C2 tended to be slightly higher whereas the metabolic clearance rate of gl was not affected the mcri was significantly reduced by glipizide from to mlkgmin p these results demonstrate that the sulfonylurea glipizide decreases the mcri this effect may play a role in the hypoglycemic action of sulfonylureas
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calciphylaxis presents with painful purpura and intractable skin ulcers on the trunk and particularly the distal extremities and it mainly occurs in patients on chronic dialysis a yearold man with renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy was on PD CT for year followed by peritoneal dialysis combined with hemodialysis for years he developed calciphylaxis of the penis which was diagnosed from the skin biopsy findings and clinical observation to treat this condition pd was stopped and hd was performed three times a week in addition warfarin therapy was discontinued and infusion of sodium thiosulfate was performed the penile ulcers decreased in size and pain was markedly improved so the patient was discharged from hospital following discharge pd was resumed after changing the PD fluid to bicarbonatebuffered dialysate the penile ulcers eventually resolved CR there have been very few reports about calciphylaxis in patients on combined dialysis modalities in our patient penile calciphylaxis progressed when lactatebuffered peritoneal dialysis fluid was used and resolved T3 switching to bicarbonatebuffered fluid together with cessation of warfarin therapy and infusion of STS
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in most eukaryotes rna silencing is an adaptive immune system regulating key biological processes including antiviral defense to evade this response viruses of plants worms and insects have evolved viral suppressors of rna silencing proteins vsrs various vsrs such as p from sweet potato mild mottle virus spmmv inhibit the activity of rnainduced silencing complexes riscs including an argonaute ago protein loaded with a small rna however the only limited data have been published using multielectrode RF ablation systems that can deliver lesions with a predetermined pattern this study was designed to evaluate the safety and performance of the F2 enlightn⢠renal denervation system
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the brown alga ectocarpus siliculosus frequently carries an endogenous virus e siliculosus virus esv the genome of which is a circular dsDNA dna molecule of about kbp after infection which occurs in the unicellular spores or gametes the virus is present latently in all somatic cells of the host virus multiplication is restricted to cells of the reproductive organs it has been an open question whether the latent viral dna occurs as a free episome or becomes integrated into the host genome pcr studies showed that viral dna comigrates with high molecular mass dna in pulsedfield gel PACE which confirms that latent viral dna is integrated into the host genome
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congenital heart disease is the most common form of human birth defects yet much remains to be learned about its underlying causes here we report that mice lacking PET adam mnemonic for a disintegrin and metalloprotease exhibit severe defects in cardiac morphogenesis including a VVI septal defect vsd abnormal formation of the aortic and pulmonic valves leading to valvular stenosis and CA of the cardiac vasculature during mouse OD adam is highly expressed in the conotruncus and the endocardial cushion structures that give rise to the affected HR valves and the membranous VVI septum adam is also highly expressed in OB cells in the bone yet it does not appear to be essential for bone growth and skeletal OD most adam animals die perinatally likely as a result of their cardiac defects these findings raise the possibility that mutations in adam may contribute to human congenital heart valve and septal defects
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soluble human leukocyte antigeng molecules hlag can be found in the peripheral blood of healthy females and males and in other body fluids to identify cells secreting hlag we generated a rb AS against a peptide motif encoded by intron of hlag rahlagi utilizing this antiserum as capture and antihuman beta microglobulin as PCD reagent an enzymelinked immunospot CA TPS for hlag was developed the results of this enzymelinked immunospot assay format were proven by the hlag and soluble hlag shlag specific mab memg used in parallel as capture reagent for the CC cell L1 jeg the number of hlag TPS spots was found to be increased after stimulation with ifnalpha ifnbeta and ifngamma at various concentrations in contrast to this no substantial variation of hlag TPS spots was observed after incubation with lymphokines such as LIF interleukin il il il and granulocytecolonystimulating factor to clarify the cellular source of secreted hlag molecules IP blood monocytes cd and cd positive t and B1 from HD n were tested at a fixed cell number well in the absence and presence of ifngamma uml hours in all experiments the number of hlag TPS spots was significantly p increased primarily in monocytes compared with t and B1 which suggests that peripheral blood monocytes are the predominant cells secreting hlag
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in embryos of emys orbicularis the sexual differentiation of gonads is influenced by the incubation temperature of eggs estrogens administered during the thermosensitive period result in the feminization of gonads at degrees maleproducing temperature whereas an antiestrogen or aromatase inhibitors masculinize the gonads at degrees femaleproducing temperature the nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor letrozole induces gonads with different degrees of masculinization from ovarylike to testislike the present T0 examines the endocrine function of such masculinized gonads at the end of embryonic life aromatase activity which is involved in estrogen synthesis in ovary and the status of müllerian ducts the regression of which reflects the secretion of a putative antimüllerian hormone by the sertoli cells were examined one month after treatment with letrozole the gonads of embryos presented various levels of aromatase activity there was a strong correlation among aromatase activity gonadal structure and müllerian duct status high C2 of aromatase similar or close to those in control females were found in ovarylike gonads intermediate C2 were found in gonads masculinized ovaries or ovotestes exhibiting a SC and a composite medulla containing a mixture of ovarian lacunae and testicular cordlike structures low C2 similar or close to those in control males were found in strongly masculinized gonads testislike or ovotestes müllerian ducts were regressing in the majority of embryos with gonads containing low levels of aromatase activity in these individuals gonads functioned as embryonic testes these results confirm the implication of estrogens in gonadal differentiation the origin of these hormones is controversial so that the AA was compared in gonads in the undissociated adrenalmesonephric complex am and in different parts of this complex during the ts period at the femaleproducing temperature the AA per unit of tissue increased in differentiating ovaries but it was low in am and similar to that found in am at maleproducing temperature in embryos whose gonads had been masculinized by early treatment with letrozole sphosphonatespamidronate and alendronatealso inhibited trap mnc formation in the coculture similar observations were also made in the coculture of spleen cells with OB cells the conditioned media of OB cells treated with moll ym inhibited trap mnc formation in marrow cultures the presence of ym in MC cultures affected neither the colony formation of monocytemacrophage lineage nor trap mnc formation in the succeeding cocultures of recovered cells with OB cells these results indicate that ym and probably other bisphosphonates as well preferentially inhibit the later stage of osteoclastogenesis through its action on OB cells our findings suggest that part of the inhibitory action by osteoblastic cells in the presence of bisphosphonates is mediated through soluble AF
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at equivalent oral doses cefadroxil has a longer serum halflife slower urinary excretion rate greater area under the SS level versus time curve than cephalexin or cephradine and peak serum concentrations that are to those of cephalexin the calculated apparent in vivo volume of CSD of cefadroxil is greater than that of cephalexin these properties infer greater persistence of cefadroxil in serum and urine and more prolonged in vivo bacterial exposure to cefadroxil than to cephalexin or cephradine neither cefadroxil nor cephalexin demonstrates drug accumulation on repeated administration the serum C2 achieved by cefadroxil are unaffected by food the pharmacokinetic properties of cefadroxil are supportive of the devee a remarkable deficiency of acid betagalactosidase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts and in leucocyte S9 in fibroblasts GM1 betagalactosidase activity averaged of the normal mean while asialofetuin betagalactosidase and methylumbe liferybetagalactosidase averaged and respectively activities for all three substrates in leucocytes from both her parents were close to of the normal mean indicating that the patient is homozygous for a mutation or mutations affecting gm betagalactosidase
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when dinitrophenylated keyhole DNP-KLH dnpklh primed akr mice were injected with DNP Nb extract dnpnb an enhancement of ige antibody production was obtained by nematode parasite n brasiliensis infection or by nb antigen i.t. weeks before dnpnb i.t. a preferential enhancement of ige production was observed in INF mice compared with nbinjected mice antihapten ige antibody response was suppressed in akr mice T3 appropriate immunization no suppression of ige response was observed after whole body irradiation r at an early stage of immunization high and persistent ige response was observed in akr x dbaf mice of both sexes therefore the suppressive effect on ige response in akr mice was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait the similarity of ige class specific suppression in akr and sjl mice is discussed
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the purpose of this T0 was to investigate the effects of acute fatigue on springmass MM smm parameters among recreational runners at different speeds eleven participants males and females performed running trials at slower selfselected and faster speeds on an indoor track before and T3 performing a fatigue protocol s of countermovement jumps maximal vertical force fmax impact peak force fpeak loading rate lr contact time tc aerial time ta step frequency sf step length sl maximal vertical displacement of the center of mass ïz vertical stiffness kvert and leg work wleg were measured using a force plate integrated into the track a significant reduction ± p in mechanical SP during jumps indicated that the subjects became fatigued the results showed that under fatigue conditions the runners adjusted their running mechanics at slower ï» ms ïz and sf p selfselected ï» ms sf sl ta and fmax p and faster ï» ms sl ta and fpeak p speeds without significantly altering kvert p during constant running the previous s of maximal vertical jumps induced mechanical adjustments in the spatiotemporal parameters without altering kvert
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advanced manual lensometry techniques are required when automated lensometry may not be AGA for reading special lenses or rigid contact lenses these T3 techniques are challenging but provide accurate diagnostic and lens verification data one should never assume that the glasses the patient is wearing match what the doctor prescribed the prescription should be checked at least once even when there are no patient complaints if possible learn and practice these special procedures under the supervision of an optician or ophthalmic clinical trainer this will help to verify that you are performing these special techniques correctly
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the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the chromid vibrio medium for the PCD of vibrio cholerae and v parahaemolyticus in stool and swab specimens in comparison with thiosulfate TCBS tcbs medium a total of samples including fresh stool stool and swab specimens originating from routine laboratories were tested all samples were seeded on both media the tcbs medium and the chromid vibrio directly and T3 an enrichment step on APW of the samples studied were positive for v cholerae and were positive for v parahaemolyticus the sensitivity for the isolation of v cholerae in fresh stool specimens was MZ for both media and before and T3 enrichment respectively however positive test with chromid vibrio concluded immediately to the presence of v cholerae in the case of artificial contaminations the sensitivity of chromid vibrio was more important than tcbs after enrichment for v cholerae and for v parahaemolyticus before and after enrichment in fresh stool specimens the specificity of chromid vibrio for screening v cholerae was significantly higher than tcbs and compared to and before and after enrichment respectively and was important for v parahaemolyticus chromid vibrio tcbs
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due to the low incidence of medullary gliomas the special location and the function of the gliomas in the MO microsurgical treatment is still challenging for neurosurgeons the aim of this T0 was to observe the effect of microsurgical treatment of adult medullary gliomas and to explore the prognostic AF after treatment the clinical data from patients with AD medullary gliomas who received microsurgical treatment at beijing tiantan hospital china from april to april was retrospectively analyzed the AF affecting their prognosis were analyzed with logrank univariate analysis the factors that affected prognosis included age gender duration of preoperative PS karnofsky performance scale kps score world health organization who grade extent of tumor resection and postoperative complications those with statistical significance in the univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate cox SRA who grading showed cases of grade i cases of grade ii cases of WHO and cases of grade iv tumors univariable analysis showed that postoperative nasogastric FF p who pathological grade p extent of resection p and preoperative involvement of ⥠cranial nerves cns p affected overall survival the who pathological grade of the tumor was an independent risk factor for prognosis in conclusion the who pathological grade of the tumor was an important prognostic indicator
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glioblastoma multiforme gbm the most common malignant brain RT has a short period of survival even with recent multimodality treatment the neurotropic jc polyomavirus jcpyv infects glial cells and oligodendrocytes and causes fatal PML in patients with aids in this T0 a possible GT strategy for gbm using jcpyv viruslike particles vlps as a gene delivery vector was investigated we found that jcpyv vlps were able to deliver the gfp reporter gene into tumor cells umg for expression in an orthotopic xenograft model nude mice implanted with u cells expressing the nearinfrared fluorescent protein and then treated by intratumoral i.t. of jcpyv vlps carrying the thymidine kinase suicide gene combined with ganciclovir administration exhibited significantly prolonged survival and less tumor fluorescence during the experiment compared with controls furthermore jcpyv vlps were able to protect and deliver a suicide gene to distal subcutaneously implanted u cells in nude mice via blood circulation and inhibit tumor growth these findings show that M1 BT can be targeted by jcpyv vlps carrying a therapeutic gene thus demonstrating the potential of jcpyv vlps to serve as a GT vector for the far highly treatmentrefractory gbm
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understanding the causes and consequences of population fluctuations is a CE goal of ecology we used demographic data from a LT T0 and matrix population models to investigate AF and processes influencing the dynamics and persistence of a goldenmantled ground squirrel callospermophilus lateralis population inhabiting a dynamic subalpine habitat in colorado usa the overall deterministic lambda λ was ±se but it varied widely over time ranging from ± in to ± in and was below replacement λ for out of years the stochastic population growth rate λs was suggesting a declining population however the ci on λs included stochastic elasticity analysis showed that survival of AD females followed by survival of juvenile females and litter size were potentially the most influential vital rates analysis of life table response experiments revealed that the same three life history variables made the largest contributions to yearto year changes in λ population viability analysis revealed that when the influences of density dependence and immigration were not considered the population had a high close to in years probability of extinction however probability of extinction declined to as low as zero when density dependence and immigration were considered destabilizing effects of stochastic forces were counteracted by regulating effects of DD and rescue effects of immigration which allowed our T0 population to bounce back from low densities and prevented extinction these results suggest that dynamics and persistence of our study population are determined synergistically by densitydependence stochastic forces and immigration
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glucose entry as measured by min uptake into the acidsoluble fraction is enhanced times by LT hr hexose starvation of chick fibroblasts the rate of Gal accumulation in the cells increases only times under the same conditions of starvation several carbon and energy sources that were tested for their effect on this derepression can be classified as i those resembling gl in blocking the stimulation ii those permitting full derepression and iii those partially preventing the enhanced entry inhibitors of protein synthesis block enhancement under conditions otherwise conducive to it we conclude that the gl and galactose carrier systems are not MZ based largely on the asymmetric repression observed when gl and Gal are compared as repressors
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in GA in obese people a state of hyperleptinemia may impair both energy balance and the inflammatory process however it has not been fully investigated whether there is a relationship between hyperleptinemia and CRF crf and resting energy expenditure ree in obese women
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the management of unresectable metastatic melanoma is a L1 clinical challenge because of the lack of reliably effective SVR therapies blocking cytotoxic t lymphocyteassociated antigen ctla has recently been proposed as a strategy to enhance CMI responses to cancer and clinical trials have demonstrated that antictla therapy can produce durable outcomes with different response patterns than cytotoxic chemotherapy we enrolled eight out of patients with T3 melanoma in a multicentre phase ii trial that evaluated the activity and tolerability of ipilimumab a fully human antictla monoclonal antibody wwwclinicaltrialsgov nct ca here we report our experience with three of these patients who experienced progressive disease T3 a variety of previous therapies including prior immunotherapies and who achieved good outcomes with ipilimumab one patient had a partial response ongoing at months on ipilimumab despite failure with four prior therapies and the other two patients showed durable SD disease both still ongoing at and months respectively the patient achieving a partial response experienced no SE while receiving ipilimumab the other two patients developed immunerelated AEs iraes including rash one case grade and diarrhoea both cases grades and respectively the histopathology of colon biopsy samples from both was suggestive of colitis with an abundant cd tcell infiltrate nausea vomiting and acute one were also observed in one patient in addition immunohistochemical findings of a dense cd tia and granzyme b lymphoid infiltrate within a biopsied lesion provide indirect evidence of PET tcell activation induced by treatment these case reports highlight the potential for antictlabased therapy in previously treated patients with advanced melanoma moreover because the patterns of response to ipilimumab differ from chemotherapy we need to understand how and when patients may respond to treatment so that AGA clinical decisions can be made
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potatoes generally have one of the highest glycemic index values of any food relatively small differences in the glycemic response gr of regularly consumed ST foods have shown beneficial effects on health lowering the gr of a potatobased meal has potentially widereaching health benefits highviscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose hvhpmc is a modified cellulose DF extensively used in the food industry we hypothesized that the gr of a highglycemic index product such as mashed potato would be lower with the addition of hvhpmc in a nonblind randomized repeatmeasure crossover controlled trial healthy adults consumed portions of mashed potato with different doses and of a specially selected and optimized hvhpmc and a REF food gl on separate occasions five subjects were excluded from the final analysis due to noncompliance with T0 procedures capillary blood gl was measured in fasted subjects and at and minutes after starting to eat for each sample the incremental area under the blood gl response curve was calculated and the gr determined there was a significant lowering effect of hvhpmc on gr p of mashed potato glycemic responses for all mashed potato samples with the hvhpmc were significantly lower than the standard mashed potato level p level p and level p however there was no significant effect of the hvhpmc dose on gr we conclude that addition of select hvhpmc to mashed potato blunts gr
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NE and PLT markers of serotonin hydroxytryptamine ht receptor SF-36 are useful tools for studying the downregulation of ht receptors a leading hypothesis for the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs the ht releaser fenfluramine raises body temperature as well as plasma concentrations of acth cortisol and prolactin i.c.v. with the ht antagonist pindolol did not block the hyperthermic response to fenfluramine mediating its actions via nonht receptor subtypes presumably htc we observed blunted hyperthermic responses to fenfluramine in unmedicated patients with L1 depressive disorder we also observed that the neuroendocrine responses to fenfluramine were decreased by chronic treatment with the TCA antidepressant nortriptyline but not by chronic treatment with tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline but not by chronic treatment with adinazolam a triazolobenzodiazepine with purported antidepressant activity ic values for ketanserin inhibition of htinduced platelet shape change response a marker of htc receptors were elevated T3 nortriptyline treatment in depressed patients and this increase could be accounted for by those subjects who responded well to antidepressant treatment adinazolam treatment did not alter the PSC response our data suggest that downregulation of htc receptors may be linked to the clinical response of depressed patients treated with nortriptyline
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the v vasopressin receptor has been solubilized from rat liver CM with the zwitterionic detergent cholamidopropyldimethylammoniolpropanesulfonate chaps and reconstituted into phospholipid LDV there is essentially complete CMS of the receptor by chaps at a protein concentration of mgml reconstitution into soybean phospholipid LDV is readily achieved either by GFC or by membrane dialysis the IB of hvasopressin to proteoliposomes is TPS saturable reversible and magnesiumdependent in contrast the detergentsoluble vasopressin receptor does not display SB the apparent affinity of the reconstituted receptor for hvasopressin is approximately fold lower than that of the receptor in native CM in addition the IB of hvasopressin to reconstituted vesicles is not sensitive to microm guanosine othiotriphosphate gtp gamma s as it is in native CM however the EC50 of the reconstituted receptor for ligand approximates that of native CM when membranes are prebound with vasopressin prior to solubilization and reconstitution into LDV furthermore vesicles reconstituted from membranes prebound with vasopressin show gtp gamma s sensitivity of h vasopressin IB this finding strongly suggests that vasopressin stabilizes a receptorgprotein complex during CMS the rat CL vasopressin receptor is a glycoprotein as shown by its SB to the lectin wheat germ agglutinin the vasopressin receptor can be reconstituted from the nacetylglucosamineeluted peak of a wheat germ agglutininsepharose column and h vasopressin CBA is purified fold from membranes by this chromatographic procedure the functionality of the partially purified receptor is indicated by its ability to bind ligand with high affinity and by its ability to functionally interact with a gprotein when vasopressin is bound prior to CMS
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since epidemiological surveillance of congenital malformations has been carried out in norway on the basis of data in the nationwide MBR a separate local registry of cases occurring in the county of hordaland was established in to clarify problems inherent in the reporting this paper deals with double sampling estimators of the prevalence at birth of various malformations utilizing joint data from two such registries particular examples include downs syndrome malformations of the CNS system cns CLP and hypospadias the methods applied also allow estimation of the probabilities of ascertainment of the different malformations in each registry expressions are derived for the variances of the asymptotic distributions of the double sampling estimators and the possibility of using these values to detect true changes in disease prevalence when ascertainment is uncertain is discussed the merits of double sampling are assessed comparing the crude estimator based on the medical birth registry alone with the double sampling estimators finally some fully parameterized alternatives to the double sampling models are introduced to evaluate some of the assumptions involved
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the rebreathing method in newborn and young infants was tested with regard to the effects of increasing levels of co on the behavioral state and to the influence of facial stimulation caused by the use of a face mask and pneumotachograph on the breathing pattern successive increases in inspired co levels from to did not NC the behavioral state the application or removal of a face mask with or without an attached pneumotachograph caused an immediate disruption in the breathing DP which lasted s thereafter breathing stabilized when only the FM was used the increases in minute ventilation tidal volume and cycle duration of and respectively were transient and lasted for breaths the PLB then returned to control C2 in contrast breathing through the face mask connected to the pneumotachograph caused a longlasting increase in ventilation due to the PR of co in the spirometric circuit we conclude that the inhalation of a continuously increasing mixture of co in o did not influence the behavioral state and that the effect of face mask on PLB DP was transient
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ICM preconditioning ipc induces distinctive changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics during warm degrees c ischemia and improves CF and tissue viability on reperfusion we examined whether ipc before h of hypothermic degrees c ischemia affords additive cardioprotection and improves mitochondrial redox balance assessed by mitochondrial nadh and flavin adenine dinucleotide fad autofluorescence in intact hearts a mediating role of atpsensitive k katp channel opening was investigated nadh and fad fluorescence was measured in the left ventricular wall of guinea pig isolated NF assigned to five CG of eight animals each HT alone HT with ischemia ipc with cold ischemia hydroxydecanoic acid hd CT and hd with ipc and CI ipc consisted of two min periods of warm global ischemia spaced min apart and min of reperfusion before h of ischemia at degrees c and h of warm reperfusion the katp channel inhibitor hd was perfused from min before until min T3 ipc ipc before h of ischemia at degrees c led to better recovery of CF and less tissue damage on reperfusion than did degrees c ischemia alone these improvements were preceded by attenuated increases in nadh and decreases in fad during CI and the reverse changes during warm reperfusion hd blocked each of these changes induced by ipc this study indicates that ipc induces additive cardioprotection with mild hypothermic ischemia by improving mitochondrial bioenergetics during and T3 ischemia because effects of ipc on subsequent changes in nadh and fad were inhibited by hd this suggests that mitochondrial katp channel opening plays a substantial role in improving mitochondrial bioenergetics throughout mild hypothermic ischemia and reperfusion
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participation in further education T3 compulsory schooling was examined for lbw low birth weight g and nbw normal birth weight or g children and completion of this further education among the same population in a year birth cohort for northern finland in there was no difference in enrollment for further education the percentage for nonenrollment was for lbw and for nbw children and the healthy lbw children even enrolled more often than the healthy nbw children enrollment among the disabled lbw children however was significantly poorer than among the disabled nbw children and respectively failing to enroll the disabled lbw girls in particular enrolled poorly of them failing to do so completing further studies up to the age of was rarer among the lbw children than among the nbw children of them failing to graduate compared to of the nbw children if the disabled children were excluded however the healthy lbw children succeeded as well as the healthy nbw children the lbw girls especially the disabled ones graduated the least often when excluding the disabled children and controlling confounding variables by stratification low birth weight did not affect nonenrollment or nongraduation altogether the success of the lbw children in their post compulsory education was satisfactory except for the disabled lbw children especially the girls
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the influenza a hn virus is a highly contagious virus which can only infect poultry before early but T3 that time it widely caused human infections in china and brought SE asia great threaten in the public health area the coding gene for polymerase basic protein pb in influenza a hn virus encodes the pb protein which is a part of the rna polymerase the enzyme lacks a correction CF during its own replication process so the mutation frequency of the influenza a hn virus gene is high and the pb gene is also included to investigate the codon usages characteristics of pb gene gene sequences of kinds of poultry are downloaded form the gene bank ncbi and their codon usage characteristics such as the effective number of codons enc the evolutionary relationship of the sequences the codon adaptation index cai the CA coa the relative synonymous codon usage rscu and their prbias are compared and studied the value of these reults showed that there is a low codon usage bias in the pb gene then the differences between the codon usages of pb gene from kinds of poultry are compared and their potential applications are discussed these results could lay a foundation for other further T0 on the evolution of hn
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a method is described for the quantitation of AS lesion T3 excision and IF of the vessel essentially the device consists of a microscope with a computercontrolled stage which moves a photographic negative image over a square beam o mm sides of CS at each translationstep of the stage a transmittance reading is taken using a photomultiplier tube for PCD the computer stores topographical values typically around and by setting a threshold can determine the fractional area of artery which is diseased
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the possibility of pronuclear gender determination using morphological criteria only was investigated in twopronucleate and tripronucleate zygotes zygotes were videotaped on different focal points and the positions of the polar bodies pronuclear diameters number and distribution of nucleoli and presence of sperm tail remnants were indicated on diagrams the three known criteria used for recognition of the paternal PN in rodent zygotes were investigated these criteria are a the presence of sperm tail remnants b an increased PN diameter and c the farthest distance from the second PB sperm tail remnants were observed in only of the pronuclei pronuclear diameters and positions of the largest pronuclei did not reveal any trends PN of tripronucleate zygotes were frequently smaller than those of twopronucleate ones the parental origin of human PN cannot be determined morphologically using standard light optics microsurgical removal of paternal PN from polyspermic zygotes should therefore be implemented with caution
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preliminary and speculative findings are reported on the benefits of a prescribed turnout conditioning program tcp designed to facilitate preprofessional dancers active use of NK turnout potential while of some debate it is reported in the literature that many dancers use less turnouhange reaction was applied to the preparation of stable isotopelabeled lcq for this synthesis a suitable intermediate with protons alpha to a carbonyl group was first subjected to the hd exchange reaction subsequent coupling of a carbonyl group with c triethyl phosphonoacetate followed by hydrogenation and hydrolysis led to the SD labeled compound incorporation of two carbon atoms in the molecule eliminated the presence of undesired m
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the amygdaloid complex has been reported to innervate the frontal SC prefrontal premotor and motor SC in a variety of mammal species we have investigated the topographic and laminar CSD of such projections in the cat by using anterograde and VA axonal transport of hrp and wgahrp PM and medial prefrontal cortices receive abundant projections from the basal MC CAN while rostrolateral prefrontal or caudodorsal motor cortices are almost spared by AM projections striking differences are observed in the laminar patterns of distribution of AM axons in the various frontal areas this selective areal and laminar CSD may entail noticeable functional dissimilarities possible roles of these neural networks and the concept of limbic SC are discussed in view of these findings
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the adequacy and safety of ABT in subsaharan africa is the subject of much concern yet there have been very few studies of its PH an overview of that record finds that transfusions were first reported in africa subsaharan and excluding south africa in the early s and organized transfusion practices were established before the second world war blood transfusion grew rapidly after along with the construction of new hospitals and expanded health services in africa significant differences existed between colonial powers in the organization of transfusion services but these converged after independence as their use continued to grow and decentralized and hospitalbased practices were adopted it was only T3 the oil crisis in the mids that health spending declined and the collection testing and transfusion of blood began to level off thus when the aids crisis hit transfusion services they were already struggling to meet the needs of patients at this time foreign assistance as well as the world health organization and the league of red cross societies helped respond to both the immediate problem of testing blood and for some countries support existed for the broader reorganization of transfusion overall the history shows that transfusion was adopted widely and quickly limited mainly by the availability of knowledgeable doctors and hospital facilities there was less resistance than expected by africans to receive transfusions and the record shows a remarkable flexibility in obtaining blood the dangers of disease transmission were recognized from an early date but were balanced against the potential lifesaving benefits of transfusion
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human glioblastomas harbour a subpopulation of glioblastoma stem cells that drive tumorigenesis however the origin of intratumoural functional heterogeneity between glioblastoma cells remains poorly understood here we study the clonal evolution of barcoded glioblastoma cells in an unbiased way following serial xenotransplantation to define their individual fate behaviours independent of an evolving mutational signature we show that the growth of glioblastoma clones in vivo is consistent with a remarkably neutral process involving a conserved proliferative hierarchy rooted in glioblastoma stem cells in this MM slowcycling stemlike cells give rise to a more rapidly cycling progenitor population with extensive selfmaintenance capacity which in turn generates nonproliferative cells we also identify rare outlier clones that deviate from these dynamics and further show that chemotherapy facilitates the expansion of preexisting DR glioblastoma stem cells finally we show that functionally distinct glioblastoma stem cells can be separately targeted using epigenetic EDC suggesting new avenues for glioblastomatargeted therapy
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connexin is the building block of hepatocellular gap junctions which control direct intercellular communication and thereby act as goalkeepers of liver homeostasis this T0 was set up to investigate whether connexin is involved in hepatotoxicity induced by the analgesic and antipyretic drug acetaminophen to this end whole body connexin KO were overdosed with acetaminophen followed by sampling at different time points within a h time frame evaluation was done based upon a series of clinically and mechanistically relevant readouts including protein adduct formation histopathological examination measurement of alanine aminotransferase activity cytokine production levels of reduced and Ox glutathione and hepatic protein amounts of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in essence it was found that genetic ablation of connexin has no influence on several key events in acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity including cell death inflammation or oxidative stress yet it does affect production of protein adducts as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen steadystate protein levels this outcome is not in line with previous studies which are contradicting on their own as both amplification and alleviation of this toxicological process by connexin have been described this could question the suitability of the currently available models and tools to investigate the role of connexin in acetaminophentriggered hepatotoxicity
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the burden of healthcare costs relative to GDP in japan is increasing a large percentage in of the japanese gross domestic product has been spent on health care and this percentage has been increasing annually soaring healthcare costs have been recognised as a serious social problem in this T0 we attempted to estimate the relationship between periodontal disease and healthcare costs subjects consisted of teachers and staff members men women mean age ± years from two high schools the salivary C2 of lactate dehydrogenase and haemoglobin were adopt required to actively pullup the pedal to complete the cycle the present T0 aimed to determine the acute effect of the use of independent cranks on muscle coordination during a submaximal pedaling exercise ten healthy males were asked to perform submaximal pedaling exercises at watts with normal fixed cranks control condition or independent cranks both d pedal forces and electromyographic emg signals of lower limb muscles were recorded when the mean emg activity across the cycle was considered the use of independent cranks significantly increased the activity level compared to control for TA ta p ± gastrocnemius medialis gm p ± rectus femoris rf p ± biceps femoris bflong head p ± semimembranosus sm p ± and tensor fascia latae p ± the analysis of the four pedaling sectors revealed that the increased activity of hip and knee flexors mainly occurred during the top dead center and the upstroke phase in addition a high interindividual variability was found in the way the participants adapted to pedaling with independent cranks the present results showed that the enforced pullup action required when using independent cranks was achieved by increasing the activation of hip and knee flexors further studies are needed to determine whether training with independent cranks has the potential to induce LT changes in muscle coordination and if so whether these changes are beneficial for cycling performance
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the present study uses a double VA tracer technique in rats to examine the spatial localization and pattern of axonal branching in mossy fibres arising from three major sources in the medullathe external cuneate nucleus the sensory TG nucleus and the reticular formation to two electrophysiologicallyidentified parts of the cerebellar cortex that are linked by common climbing fibre input the forelimbreceiving parts of the c zone in lobulus simplex and the paramedian lobule in each experiment a small i.t. of rhodaminetagged beads was injected into one cortical region and an i.t. of fluoresceintagged beads was injected into the other region the main findings were i the proportion of doublelabelled cells in each of the three precerebeller sources of mossy MF was positively correlated with those in the inferior olive and ii the c zone in lobulus simplex was found to receive a greater density of projections from all three sources of mossy fibres than the c zone in the PML these data suggest that two rostrocaudally separated but somatotopically corresponding parts of the c zone receive common mossy fibre and climbing fibre inputs however the differences in projection densities also suggest that the two parts of the zone differ in the extent to which they receive MF signals arising from the same precerebellar nuclei this implies differences in function between somatotopically corresponding parts of the same cortical zone and could enable a higher degree of parallel processing and integration of information within them
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a review of deep mycotic infections assessed incidence signalment clinical presentation and outcome in feline cases pertinent findings included a predisposition in young male cats for sporothrix schenckii and blastomyces dermatitidis there was an increased incidence of feline leukemia virus infection in cases with histoplasmosis and of feline panleukopenia virus infection in cases with either aspergillosis or mucoralosis few other predisposing conditions were identified cryptococcosis coccidioidomycosis and sporotrichosis had better prognoses for recovery blastomycosis histoplasmosis and aspergillosis commonly were disseminated infections and were associated with guardedtopoor prognoses
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the structural mri and AEP evoked potentials oddball paradigm were analyzed in juvenile patients at the remission stage T3 the first episode of endogenous psychosis eleven male patients and male controls aged years were examined there were no statistically significant betweengroup differences by averaged volume of grey matter in superior and middle frontal gyri anterior cingulate gyrus hippocampus and superior temporal gyrus in both hemispheres as well by p amplitude and latency it can be assumed that the certain normalization of neurobiological processes can be seen at the studied stage of the disease
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HCM cardiomyopathy hcm results from mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins most often mybpc which encodes cardiac S1 binding proteinc cmybpc a recently discovered hcmassociated base pair deletion in mybpc is inherited in millions worldwide although this mutation causes changes in the c domain of cmybpc cmybpccmut which binds to the CS meromyosin lmm region of the MHC chain the underlying molecular mechanism causing hcm is unknown in this T0 adenoviral expression of cmybpccmut in cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes was used to investigate protein localization and evaluate contractile function and ca transients compared with wildtype cmybpc expression cmybpcwt and controls fortyeight hours T3 infection of cmybpcwt and of cmybpccmut protein C2 were determined in total lysates confirming equal expression immunofluorescence experiments showed little or no localization of cmybpccmut to the czone whereas cmybpcwt mostly showed czone IF suggesting that cmybpccmut could not properly integrate in the czone of the sarcomere subcellular fractionation confirmed that most cmybpccmut resided in the soluble fraction with reduced presence in the myofilament fraction also cmybpccmut displayed significantly reduced fractional shortening sarcomere shortening and relaxation E/A apparently caused by defects in sarcomere function because ca transients were unaffected cosedimentation and protein crosslinking assays confirmed that cmut causes the loss of c domain interaction with myosin lmm protein homology modeling studies showed significant structural perturbation in cmybpccmut providing a potential structural basis for the alteration in its mode of interaction with myosin lmm therefore expression of cmybpccmut protein is sufficient to cause contractile dysfunction in vitro
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to determine the possible involvement of cl transport in the forskolininduced endocochlear potential ep elevation the effect of forskolin on the ep was examined in clfree artificial perilymph apl as well as in the presence of cl channel blockers the perfusion of scala vestibuli sv with forskolin microm dissolved in clfree apl failed to produce an ep elevation while sv perfusion of forskolin dissolved in normal apl elevated the ep the application of dpc and iaa blockers of campactivated cl channel into sv completely suppressed the forskolininduced ep elevation while NFA a caactivated cl channel blocker failed to do so iaa applied into ST st did not suppress this ep elevation the results suggest that adenylate cyclase may modulate the ep by changing cl transport between sv and SM sm across reissners membrane
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malus hupehensis is an excellent malus rootstock species known for its strong adverseresistance and apomixes in the present study stem cuttings of m hupehensis were treated with three types of exogenous hormones including indole acetic acid iaa naphthalene acetic acid naa or green growth regulator ggr the effects and mechanisms of exogenous hormone treatment and antioxidant CEA on adventitious root formation were investigated the results showed that the apparent morphology of the adventitious root had four stages including root preemergence stage s early stage of root formation s massive root formation stage s and later stage of root formation s the suitable concentrations of the three exogenous hormones iaa naa and ggr were mg·l mg·l and mg·l respectively they shortened the rooting time by and increased the rooting percentages of cuttings by times compared with that in the control the dispersion in s stage was times of that in the s stage after exogenous hormone application the earlier the third critical point p appeared the shorter the rooting time and the greater the rooting percentage of the cuttings during rhizogenesis the MICs of three antioxidant enzymes pod sod and ppo showed an ashaped trend however peak values of enzyme activity appeared at different points which were d before the p p and the fourth critical point p respectively exogenous hormone treatment reduced the time to reach the peak value by days although the peak values of the enzymatic activities did not significantly changed our results suggested that exogenous hormone treatment mainly acted during the root preemergence stage accelerated the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes reduced the rooting time and consequently promoted root formation the three kinds of antioxidant enzymes acted on different stages of rooting
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vaccines represent one promising method for reducing the sexually transmitted disease std epidemic this T0 evaluated whether influences on the decision to accept a genital herpes vaccine differed by gender in all college students completed a questionnaire on sexual history health beliefs and acceptance of a potential GH vaccine each predictor VL plus a gender interaction term were analysed in separate LR models followup analyses were performed by gender for outcomes that displayed significant interactions results indicated that a prior history of an std and increased perception of risk for acquiring genital herpes were significant predictors of vaccine acceptance for men while younger age and concerns about vaccine safety were significant predictors for women endorsement of a vaccine strategy targetithis isomer has anticarcinogenic and antiatherogenic MICs cistranscla is produced as an intermediate in the rumen biohydrogenation of LA acid but not of linolenic acid however it is only a transient intermediate and the L1 source of milk fat cla is from endogenous synthesis VA produced as a rumen biohydrogenation intermediate from both linoleic acid and linolenic acid is the ATP and deltadesaturase in the MG and other tissues catalyzes the reaction diet can markedly affect milk fat cla content and there are also substantial differences among individual cows thus strategies to enhance MF cla involve increasing rumen outflow of vaccenic acid and increasing deltadesaturase activity and through these severalfold increases in the content of cla in milk fat can be routinely achieved overall concentrations of cla and to a lesser extent epa and dha can be significantly enhanced through the use of diet formulation and nutritional management of dairy cows
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the implantation of a bone VG into the mandible was simulated in photoelastic model tests problems posed by the lingual and AM areas untouched by the plate are discussed the tests showed that in both problem Az enough interfragmentary pressure can be built up using a fivehold dc dynamic compression plate with a short implant and two fourhole dc plates with a long implant whenever the metal plates have dynamic compression holes dc are prebent and the screws are in converging position this is a prerequisite for a rapid revascularization of the implanted bone VG and primary bone healing these tests and our clinical experience showed that with small implants using a fivehold plate and with long implants using two fourhole plates and physiologically stressing the bone implant the principles of SD compression osteosynthesis without intermaxillary immobilization have proved themselves
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this study evaluates a newly designed autologous HR valveshaped tissue with a stent stentbiovalve sbv for transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation using the inbody tissue architecture technology in the previously developed sbv with flatshaped leaflets fssbv the valve could not close rapidly because the leaflets were fixed in the open position which induced regurgitant volume in the closing phase therefore a novel mold to fabricate an sbv with roundshaped leaflets rssbv was developed and its hydrodynamic performance with different valve diameters was evaluated in this study a specially designed selfexpandable stentmounted acrylic mold which has hemispheres was placed in dorsal subcutaneous pouches of goats for months after extraction the acrylic mold was removed from the implant and a tubular tissue impregnated with the stent strut was obtained half of the tubular tissue with hemispheres was CR folded in half inwards the acrylic mold was designed such that the folded half of the tubular tissue became the roundshaped leaflets the commissure parts were connected to form leaflets resulting in the preparation of the rssbv internal diameter mm the rssbv closed more rapidly than the fssbv in a pulsatile mock circulation circuit under the pulmonary circulation conditions the RF of the rssbv was approximately which was lower than that of the fssbv the AGA pulmonary annulus diameter of the rssbv was from to mm based on the pressure difference and effective orifice area
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children and adolescents vary widely in their perception of or capacity to rate sensations during exercise using the borg scale we sought to measure sensoryperceptual responses obtained using dalhousie dyspnea and perceived exertion scales in pediatric subjects during VO2max challenge and to determine the psychophysical function relationships concurrent validity was assessed by canonical plots of mean ratings on either scale which showed showing very good correlations for perceived leg exertion vs work and dyspnea vs ventilation both scales yielded similar results with respect to goodness of fit regardless of whether data was fitted to a power or quadratic function provided a delay term was included the quadratic MM fixed the exponent of the power law at but unlike a power MM allowed characterization of individual responses that increased and then plateaued dalhousie dyspnea and RPE scales offer an alternative to borg scale during exercise in pediatric populations
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laser panretinal photocoagulation prp reduces visual loss in PDR but decreases peripheral retinal CF the driver and VH licensing centre dvlc states that when a patient volunteers that he or she has had photocoagulation a questionnaire will then be sent to the patients diabetic physician who can refer the patient for formal field testing of patients who had prp failed dvlc visual field regulations using the esterman binocular field test on the humphrey field analyser the failures were more likely to have had treatment with a xenon laser but there was no difference between the CG as regards age number of burns or whether an argon or diode laser was used the patients who failed were more likely to be hypertensive p two patients with unilateral prp could not meet the driving regulations because of other field defects diabetes itself causes field defects and therefore even with small amounts of laser formal field testing may be necessary
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primarily experimental evidence suggests that endogenous glucocorticoids may be suppressed by adipocytederived leptin and elevated by dietary acidity therefore we examined whether these AF may also be relevant in healthy adults on unrestricted diets for this we used a new methodological approach in which potentially bioactive free GCs were determined as the sum of urinary free cortisol and urinary free cortisone and that also takes into account total adrenal glucocorticoid secretion assessed by the sum of the L1 urinary glucocorticoid metabolites THE tetrahydrocortisol and alphatetrahydrocortisol body composition plasma cortisol plasma OB and h urinary excretion rates of net acid and glucocorticoid metabolites were examined crosssectionally in healthy adults women y old bmi kgm plasma leptin percentage body fat and body surface areacorrected adrenal glucocorticoid secretion showed the usual sex dimorphism male vs female p in each case microgl vs microgl vs and mg x m x d vs mg x m x d respectively whereas net acid excretion plasma cortisol and potentially bioactive free glucocorticoids did not differ between the sexes potentially bioactive free glucocorticoids correlated positively with body fat and OB in men p but not in women T3 adjustment for total adrenal glucocorticoid secretion net acid excretion was a positive and OB a negative predictor p of potentially bioactive free GCs in women only total explained variability r our findings indicate that at least in women variability of potentially bioactive free glucocorticoids is not only explained by adrenal glucocorticoid secretion but is also metabolically affected by circulating OB and dietdependent NAE
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germ cells were isolated from xx ovaries and xy and xx sexreversed sxr testes of mouse embryos days post coitum and the activity of an xchromosomecoded enzyme HPRT hprt relative to an autosomal one APRT was determined the ratio of enzyme MICs in xx sxr prospermatogonia was significantly higher than that in xy prospermatogonia up to fold suggesting that the silent x chromosome is reactivated in xx male germ cells before birth as it is in female germ cells the ratio was several times higher still in xx oocytes than in xx prospermatogonia confirming that the increase in hprt activity reported in oocytes is only partly due to an xchromosome dosage effect
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neuroblastoma nb is a common and aggressive RT of early childhood to date treatment with chemotherapy surgery and radiation therapy has resulted in suboptimal outcomes in those with advanced disease immunebased treatments hold promise for patients with recurrent or T3 nb here recent preclinical studies and early stage phase i PCTs using cellular therapeutic approaches for nb are reviewed including studies of A-NK cells gammadelta t cells chimeric receptor expressing TA dendritic cells and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant
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botulinum neurotoxin type b bt btb has been used as neuroblocmyobloc since for treatment of CD hyperhidrosis spastic conditions CP hemifacial spasm bladder dysfunction SD sialorrhoea anal fissures piriformis syndrome various pain conditions and cosmetic applications generally its therapeutic effects are comparable to bt type a bta the adverse effect profiles of btb and bta however differ considerably btb has been found to produce more regional as well as SVR anticholinergic adverse effects such as dryness of mouth accommodation difficulties conjunctival irritation reduced sweating dysphagia heartburn constipation bladder voiding difficulties and dryness of nasal mucosa in btb the relationship between autonomic and motor effects known from bta is substantially shifted towards autonomic effects btb therefore should be used carefully in patients with autonomic disorders and in patients with concomitant anticholinergic therapy if neuroblocmyobloc is used to treat cervical dystonia patients with antibodyinduced failure of bta therapy of those will develop complete secondary therapy failure T3 five applications if neuroblocmyobloc used to treat cervical dystonia patients without prior exposure to bt of those will develop CR AA therapy failure T3 nine applications neuroblocmyobloc therefore is associated with substantial antigenicity problems originating from a particular low TPS biological potency systemic anticholinergic adverse effects and high antigenicity limits the clinical use of neuroblocmyobloc considerably
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CPT a cytotoxic antitumor compound has been shown to produce proteinlinked dna breaks mediated by rat topoisomerase i we have investigated the mechanism by which CPT disrupts dna processing by topoisomerase i and have examined the effect of certain structurally related EDC on the formation of a dnatopoisomerase i covalent complex enzymemediated cleavage of supercoiled plasmid dna in the presence of camptothecin was CR reversed upon the addition of exogenous linear dna or upon dilution of the reaction mixture CPT and topoisomerase i produced the same amount of cleavage from supercoiled dna or relaxed dna in addition the alkaloid decreased the initial velocity of SC dna EC50 mediated by catalytic quantities of topoisomerase i inhibition occurred under conditions favoring processive catalysis as well as under conditions favoring distributive catalysis by use of hcamptothecin and an ED assay the alkaloid was shown to bind reversibly to a dnatopoisomerase i complex but not to isolated enzyme or isolated dna these results are consistent with a model in which CPT reversibly traps an intermediate involved in dna unwinding by topoisomerase i and thereby perturbs a set of equilibria resulting in increased dna cleavage by examining certain compounds that are structurally related to camptothecin it was found that the hydroxy group which has been shown to be essential for antitumor activity was also necessary for stabilization of the covalent complex between dna and topoisomerase i in contrast no such correlation existed for uvlightinduced cleavage of dna by cuiicamptothecin derivatives
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thrombosis with associated inflammation thromboinflammation occurs commonly in a broad range of human disorders it is well recognized clinically in the context of superficial thrombophlebitis thrombosis and inflammation of superficial veins however it is more dangerous when it develops in the microvasculature of injured tissues and organs microvascular thrombosis with associated inflammation is well recognized in the context of sepsis and ischemiareperfusion injury however it also occurs in organ transplant rejection L1 trauma severe burns the antiphospholipid syndrome preeclampsia sickle cell disease and biomaterialinduced thromboinflammation CE to thromboinflammation is the loss of the normal antithrombotic and antiinflammatory functions of endothelial cells leading to dysregulation of coagulation complement platelet activation and leukocyte recruitment in the microvasculature αthrombin plays a critical role in coordinating thrombotic and inflammatory responses and has long been considered an attractive therapeutic target to reduce thromboinflammatory complications this review focuses on the role of basic aspects of coagulation and αthrombin in promoting thromboinflammatory responses and discusses insights gained from clinical trials on the effects of various inhibitors of coagulation on thromboinflammatory disorders studies in sepsis patients have been particularly informative because despite using anticoagulant approaches with different pharmacological profiles which act at distinct points in the coagulation cascade bleeding complications continue to undermine clinical benefit future advances may require the OD of therapeutics with primary antiinflammatory and cytoprotective properties which have less impact on hemostasis this may be possible with the growing recognition that components of blood coagulation and platelets have prothrombotic and proinflammatory functions independent of their hemostatic effects
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the composition of Rh monkey AQ humor has been studied in largevolume pooled samples replicate determinations of the concentrations of a number of constituents have been carried out for both AQ humor and serum from C1 veins by means of automatic analyzing equipment since aqueous humor has been obtained by AC paracentesis it is a mixture of anterior and PC aqueous when compared to serum the pooled AQ contains an excess of chloride bicarbonate ascorbate lactate uric acid and several neutral amino acids rhesus monkey aqueous humor is deficient in calcium UN phosphates gl protein creatinine iron bilirubin cholesterol triglycerides a number of serum enzymes acidic and basic amino acids and several NAA sodium potassium magnesium and two NAA cysteine and valine are of equal concentration in aqueous humor and SS glutathione concentration is very low in both aqueous humor and serum pooled rhesus monkey AQ humor and SS are isosmolar with measured osmolality being about mosm based upon the chemical analysis a new solution has been formulated to substitute for primate AQ humor during anterior ocular perfusion this new solution causes very little change in the physiologic integrity of the outflow pathways during prolonged repeated perfusion in this respect its effects are very similar to those of pooled rhesus monkey aqueous humor during perfusion of Rh monkey eyes in contrast perfusion of rhesus monkey eyes with glutathionebicarbonateringers solution has been shown to cause progressive increase of the total facility to minimize physiologic alterations during operative procedures a solution similar to this new one could be formulated for irrigation of the inside of the human eye
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oxidative AS in skin plays a L1 role in the aging process this is true for intrinsic aging and even more for extrinsic aging although the results are quite different in dermis and epidermis extrinsic aging is driven to a large extent by oxidative stress caused by uv irradiation in this review the overall effects of oxidative stress are discussed as well as the sources of ros including the mitochondrial etc peroxisomal and er localized proteins the fenton reaction and such enzymes as cyclooxygenases lipoxygenases xanthine oxidases and nadph oxidases furthermore the defense mechanisms against oxidative AS ranging from enzymes like superoxide dismutases catalases peroxiredoxins and gsh peroxidases to SOCs such as lascorbate αtocopherol betacarotene uric acid coq and glutathione are described in more detail in addition the oxidative AS induced modifications caused to proteins lipids and dna are discussed finally agerelated changes of the skin are also a topic of this review they include a disruption of the epidermal calcium gradient in old skin with an accompanying change in the composition of the CE this modified cornified envelope also leads to an altered antioxidative capacity and a reduced barrier function of the epidermis
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the OD and analytical performance of a novel potentiometric combination ionpco sensor design for in vitro and in vivo measurements are reported the design is based on incorporating an appropriate ionophore within the outer silicone gas permeable CM of both conventional macro and new cathetertype pco sensors simultaneous measurement of the potentials across the ionselectivegas permeable membrane and the inner glass or polymer ph CS membrane provides the basis for continuous monitoring of both ionic and pco levels with the same device a macrosized kpco embodiment of the sensor is constructed from a commercial severinghaus co sensor and is used to demonstrate the principles and capabilities of the proposed design a flexible miniaturized outer diameter mm combination kpco catheter sensor is also described the cathetertype sensor is fabricated by inserting a tubular CP membrane ph electrode into an outer SR tube doped with valinomycin continuous measurements of k and pco during h blood pump studies using both the macro and cathetertype combination sensors correlate well with those of conventional benchtop analyzers in addition continuous h intravascular measurements with the combination catheter sensor in dogs show good agreement with those of commercial blood analyzers r and for pco and k respectively
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the aims of the project were to determine the glycaemic and insulin responses of noninsulin dependent diabetic patients niddm to traditional malaysian meals compared to oral glucose and to determine whether guar gum would affect these responses patients with niddm were tested with g oral glucose and three common breakfast meals of the three main ethnic CG of malaysia when compared with the oral gl group significantly by lower blood gl responses were seen at and T2 post prandial for nasi lemak p and at and minutes for mee sup p no significant difference was seen for roti telur there was no significant difference in PG at any time point of the study when the three test meals were compared with each other addition of g granulated guar gum mixed with water taken prior to the gl significantly lowered the PG at and minutes postprandially p similarly for the test meals GG significantly lowered PG concentration between and T2 p postprandial for nasi lemak and between and minutes p for mee sup but not with roti telur with addition of guar gum there was no significant NC of insulin responses with the three meals but a significant increase was seen at T2 p after ingestion of gl
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pools of frozen biopsies from patients with squamous cell carcinoma scc n actinic keratosis ak n keratoacanthoma n and swab samples from sccs and aks were analysed with an D2 hpv GA primer pcr and highthroughput sequencing of amplimers we found different hpv isolates known hpv types previously known hpv sequences putative types and sequences from novel putative hpv types among the new sequences five clustered in genus betapapillomavirus and in genus gammapapillomavirus resequencing of the three pools between to times resulted in the detection of different known or putative hpv types with different sequences found in only one of the pools typespecific pcrs for putative types from an additional patients found only two of these putative types in conclusion skin lesions contain a C1 diversity of hpv types but most appeared to be rare infections
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twelve endurance athletes and six SP athletes performed fatiguing isokinetic knee flexionsextensions isokinetic torque was recorded during the exercise isometric torque cortisol and lactate responses electromyographic emg mean power frequency average rectified value and theta were analysed before and T3 the isokinetic exercise to determine correlations between EP variables and mechanical performances andor blood concentrations of biomarkers in the two CG of athletes the emg variables were estimated from signals recorded from the vastus lateralis in both voluntary and electrically elicited ISO contractions power athletes recorded higher values than endurance athletes for the following variables preexercise isometric maximal voluntary contraction mvc isokinetic mvc rate of mechanical fatigue during isokinetic contractions pre post exercise variations and recovery times of conduction velocity and MPF and lactate concentrations moreover conduction velocity overshooting was observed in endurance athletes during the REC phase after exercise the rho analyses showed that the higher the rate of mechanical fatigue the higher the lactate production and the reduction in conduction velocity due to the exercise
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the photophysical properties like ground state and excited state dipole moments NC in the mu and fluorescence quantum yield of a boronic acid derivative chloromethoxy phenyl boronic acid cmpba are characterized the T0 is carried out in various solvents at room temperature using absorption and steadystate fluorescence technique the emission wavelength of cmpba is quite sensitive to the polarity of solvents with the increase in solvent polarity red shift or bathochromic shift of about nm has been observed the excited state and ground state dipole moments are estimated using solvatochromic shift method and effect of solvents on spectral properties of the molecule are investigated using kamlettaft MLR approach the changes in dipole moment δμ are calculated both from solvatochromic shift method and microscopic solvent polarity parameter e t n and the values are compared the ground state dipole moment is also evaluated using quantum chemical calculations the bathochromic shift of the emission spectra and the increase in the excited state mu indicates Ï â Ï EMT as well as the possibility of intramolecular charge transfer ict character in the emitting singlet state of cmpba the relative quantum yield Ï radiative and nonradiative decay constants are calculated using single point method it is found that the quantum yield of the molecule varies from to with the NC in the solvent polarity indicating the dependency of fluorescence nature on the solvent environment
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