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variations in the human muopioid receptor gene have driven exploration of their PSA physiological and pathological relevance we investigated the existence of variations in the nonhuman primate muopioid receptor gene to determine whether nonhuman primates can model genotypephenotype associations of relevance to humans similar to the ag single nucleotide polymorphism snp in the human muopioid receptor gene a snp discovered in the Rh monkey muopioid receptor gene cg alters an amino acid in the NT arm of the receptor Arg for proline at position two muopioid receptor coding regions isolated from a single heterozygous cg Rh monkey BB were expressed in hek cells and characterized in radioreceptor assays paralleling the findings of increased affinity of betaendorphin by the ag allele in the human the rhesus monkey muopioid receptor protein derived from the gcontaining clone demonstrated a fold greater affinity for betaendorphin than the receptor derived from the ccontaining clone an CA developed to assess the incidence of the cg snp in a behaviorally and physiologically characterized cohort of rhesus monkeys n indicated that were homozygous for ccontaining alleles were heterozygous and were homozygous for gcontaining alleles the presence of gcontaining alleles was associated with significantly lower basal and acthstimulated plasma cortisol C2 p and p respectively and a significantly higher aggressive threat score p in vivo in a cohort of monkeys a trend towards an inverse rho between aggressive threat and plasma cortisol C2 was observed the findings suggest that muopioid receptor haplotypes in monkeys can contribute to individual R2 in stress response and related aggression the data support the use of nonhuman primates to investigate muopioid receptor genotypephenotype relations of relevance to humans
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a histological and immunochemical study of adenohypophysis development in two bird species chicken gallus gallus and japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica was carried out focussing firstly morphologically on the origin of its different lobes then secondly on the differentiation of hormoneproducing cells from the adenohypophysial anlage and their involvement in the differentiation of three calciumbinding proteins the results of the morphological OD T0 show how the origin of the adenohypophysis in chicken is totally ectodermic whilst in japanese quail the endoderm in the form of sessels pouch participates in forming the rostral zone of the anterior lobe after studying the organogenesis and spatiotemporal differentiation of the hormoneproducing cells proceeding from the adenohypophysial anlage a regionalization MM is proposed for the origin of the different lobes and cell types as well as time CS fundamentally the origin of cell regionalization in the adult adenohypophysis in this process at least in the two bird species studied the results obtained from expressing the calciumbinding proteins calbindin d k calretinin and parvalbumin show a characteristic distribution DP for each suggesting distinct functions
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the brains reward system is crucial to understand obesity in modern society as increased neural responsivity to reward can fuel the unhealthy food choices that are driving the growing obesity epidemic brains reward system responsivity to food and monetary rewards in individuals with excessive weight overweight and obese versus normal weight controls along with the relationship between this responsivity and body mass index bmi were tested the sample comprised adults with obesity bmi with overweight bmi between and and with NW bmi participants underwent a PET magnetic resonance imaging fmri session while performing two tasks that involve the processing of food willing to pay and monetary rewards monetary incentive delay neural activations within the brain reward system were compared across the three groups curve fit analyses were conducted to establish the association between bmi and BB reward systems response individuals with obesity had greater foodevoked responsivity in the dorsal and VS compared with overweight and NW CG there was an inverted ushape association between bmi and monetaryevoked responsivity in the VP striatum medial frontal SC and amygdala that is individuals with bmis between and had greater responsivity to monetary stimuli obesity is associated with greater foodevoked responsivity in the ventral and dorsal striatum and overweight is associated with greater monetaryevoked responsivity in the VS the amygdala and the medial frontal cortex findings suggest differential reactivity of the brains reward system to food versus monetary rewards in obesity and overweight hum BB mapp © wiley periodicals inc
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hcv drug discovery efforts have largely focused on genotype virus due to its prevalence and relatively poor response to current therapy however patients infected with TT and viruses account for a significant number of cases and would also benefit from new therapies in vitro studies using two chemically distinct PIs with clinical potential showed that one vx was equally active on proteases from all three genotypes whereas the other biln was significantly less active on genotype and PRs naturally occurring variation near the inhibitor IB site was identified based on sequence alignment of the protease region from genotype sequences substitution of amino acids in TT based on genotype and has revealed residues which impact binding of biln substitution of residues together with and accounted for most of the reduced sensitivity of genotype the most critical position affecting inhibitor IB to TT protease was substitution of residues at positions and fully accounted for the reduced sensitivity of TT comparative studies of biln and a closely related nonmacrocycle inhibitor suggested that the rigidity of biln while conferring greater potency against TT rendered it more CS to variations near the binding site free energy perturbation analysis confirmed the exp observations the ID of naturally occurring variations which can affect inhibitor binding is an important step in the design of broadspectrum second generation PIs
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OD of megakaryocyte mk from cd cord blood B6 cells in both plasma clot culture and liquid culture was significantly inhibited by human PLT factor pf and human transforming growth factor beta tgf beta inhibition of cell growth by pf was reversible judging from the fact that the cd cells preincubated with pf could regenerate colonies after washing and replating into the cultures by contrast tgf beta pretreated cd cells gave rise to few colonies following replating moreover incubation of cd cells with pf in liquid SC caused an increase in the number of both stem cell factor scfbinding cells and cd antigenbearing cells and exhibited greater capacity to form mk colonies than control after the treatment of fu in vivo in mice twice i.v. of pf at microgramskg resulted in a significant increase in the number of colonyforming cells with high proliferative potential hppcfc and colonyforming unitmegakaryocyte cfumk in bone marrow in exponentially growing human erythroleukemia cells hel the addition of pf prolonged cell cycle progression and therefore resulted in an increased cell population in sturally occurring SS antibodies generated a kd band in a platelet IBA the target protein had the same molecular weight kd under nonreduced and reduced electrophoretic conditions and could be immunoblotted from either autologous or homologous platelet lysates also the kd reactive autoantibodies could be totally adsorbed by PLT cytoskeletons from these data one likely candidate for the autoantibody target was the intracellular PLT protein TM indeed a commercially available monoclonal antitropomyosin antibody reacted with proteins comigrating with this kd band affinity purified human PLT TM was bound by the antibodies that recognized the kd protein this body of evidence conclusively demonstrated that naturally occurring SS autoantibodies reacted with the platelet CSK proteintropomyosin these tropomyosin specific antibodies were found in roughly the same percentage of sera from patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura itp as from normal individuals
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this study determined whether dynamic f fdg pet imaging could differentiate benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nodules spns histopathologically confirmed spns mm malignant and benign from patients were studied through both dynamic and static f fdg pet imaging of all patients volumes of interest vois were placed over the pulmonary nodules using a maximum pixel value threshold the AIF was estimated from a left ventricledefined voi based on patlak analysis we calculated the net fdg phosphorylation rate ki and glucose VO2 mrglu of each nodule the Mw values of the timeactivity curves tacs of the nodules were also determined based on the static pet images maximum and mean standardized uptake values suvmax and suvmean respectively were calculated benign and malignant spns had significantly different values for suvmax suvmean ki mrglu and tac slope with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves distinguishing benign from malignant nodules mcnemars test of marginal homogeneity found all the predictors helpful to detect malignant nodules all p and combining ki and mrglu which were generated by dynamic study yielded a higher specificity of and a sensitivity of among the benign nodules static suv imaging correctly classified seven while dynamic f pet imaging correctly classified nine dynamic f fdg pet imaging is valuable in differentiating benign from malignant spns particularly for granulomatous disease
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we evaluated the LT development of categorical auditory performance and SIR of mandarinspeaking prelingually deaf children within years after early CI the categorical auditory performance increased after CI the median categorical AEP performance after year of implantation was and became three years T3 implantation the median categorical AEP performance remained to be till years T3 implantation there was significant difference in categorical AEP performance category between before implantation and year after implantation also between year T3 implantation and years T3 implantation but no significant difference was found between years and years T3 implantation the median speech intelligibility rating before implantation was T3 years of implantation the median SIR became significant difference was found between these two time points three years after implantation the median SIR improved to and maintained at that level till years after implantation eightyone per cent of our subjects reached the maximal category of categorical AEP performance years T3 implantation eightyone percent of our subjects achieved the highest category of speech intelligibility rating years after implantation
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the present study aimed to examine whether there is an altered regulation of local hormonal systems in the kidney following the treatment of glycyrrhizic acid ga the active ingredient in licorice SD rats were treated with ga for weeks the expression of MRs receptor mr was determined in the kidney by immunoblotting and realtime PCR reaction pcr the protein expression of EC nitric oxide synthase enos and inducible nos inos was determined the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide anp NPR-A npra and nprc was determined by RT pcr the activity of guanylyl cyclase was determined by the amount of cgmp generated in responses to sodium nitroprusside snp or anp following the ga treatment systolic blood pressure was increased the mrna and protein expressions of mr were increased in the kidney the protein expression of enos and inos was also increased the expression of anp mrna was increased although that of npra and nprc mrna was not changed the cgmp production provoked by either snp or anp was not changed the increased expression of mr may contribute to gainduced hypertension the enhanced expression of nos and anp may play a compensatory role in gainduced hypertension
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available crystal structures of opioid receptors provide a highresolution picture of ligand binding at the primary orthosteric site that is the site targeted by endogenous ligands recently positive allosteric modulators of opioid receptors have also been discovered but their modes of binding and action remain unknown here we use a metadynamicsbased strategy to efficiently sample the IB process of a recently discovered positive allosteric modulator of the δopioid receptor bms in the presence of the orthosteric agonist snc and with the receptor embedded in an explicit lipidwater environment the dynamics of bms were enhanced by biasing the potential acting on the ligandreceptor distance and ligandreceptor interaction contacts representative lowestenergy structures from the reconstructed freeenergy landscape revealed two alternative ligand binding poses at an allosteric site delineated by TM tm helices tm tm and tm with some participation of tm mutations of CAA residues at these proposed allosteric sites were found to either affect the IB of bms or its ability to modulate the affinity andor tau of snc taken together these combined experimental and computational studies provide the first atomiclevel insight into the modulation of opioid receptor binding and signaling by allosteric modulators
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muopiate receptor agonists such as loperamide influence biliary excretion and suppress cholecystokinin cckinduced gallbladder contraction loperamide decreases ACh mechanisms like pancreatic polypeptide pp PR while muscarinic agonist bethanecholinduced pp PR remains unaffected the effects of loperamide on gallbladder contraction and peptide PR were performed to resolve this discrepancy
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pure alexia pa has been associated with visual deficits or a failure to activate the visual word form area vwfa we report a patient with pure alexia due to posterior cortical atrophy in whom eventrelated potentials revealed a delay in the p component and an absent n compared with controls furthermore there was a tendency for a larger delay in p latencies associated with incorrectly read words this suggests that some cases of pa might result from deficits in visual perception signaled by the p early potential which could lead to an inability to consistently activate the vwfa marked by the absent n
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the arterial high blood pressure represents a consultation on in general medicine the main objective of our study was to estimate patients proportion appearing at emergency department ed with a HBP and to demonstrate that it is possible to detect the patients at risk of essential and secondary hypertension as well as their cardiovascular risk there
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several proteins encoded by dna tumor viruses are thought to disrupt cellular growth control by interacting with key cellular proteins such as p and prb that normally CF to regulate cell growth however the biological consequences of intracellular complexing between the viral oncoproteins and cellular proteins have remained unclear such complexes could either facilitate functional inactivation of the cellular proteins leading to a lossoffunction phenotype or could activate new functions leading to a gainoffunction phenotype here we demonstrate that the simian virus large tumor t antigen produces a lossofpfunction phenotype when introduced into the thymocytes of transgenic mice like thymocytes from the recently characterized pnull mice thymocytes from transgenic mice expressing a tantigen variant capable of binding to p are resistant to irradiationinduced apoptosis thymocytes from transgenic mice expressing a mutant t antigen that is unable to complex p but retains the ability to complex the prb and p proteins retain sensitivity to irradiation we further demonstrate that although irradiationinduced apoptosis is impaired by t antigen clonal deletion of autoreactive thymocytes via pindependent apoptosis is not perturbed by t antigen these results provide convincing evidence that t antigen inactivates p in thymocytes in vivo and suggest a mechanism by which t antigen predisposes thymocytes to tumorigenesis in t antigentransgenic mice
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under conditions of nutrient ED myxococcus xanthus undergoes a developmental process that results in the formation of a fruiting body containing environmentally resistant myxospores we have shown that myxospores contain two copies of the genome suggesting that cells must replicate the genome prior to or during development to further investigate the role of dna replication in OD a temperaturesensitive dnab mutant dnabav was isolated from m xanthus unlike what happens in escherichia coli dnab mutants where dna replication immediately halts upon a shift to a nonpermissive temperature growth and dna replication of the m xanthus mutant ceased after one cell doubling at a nonpermissive temperature degrees c we demonstrated that at the NPT the dnabav mutant arrested as a population of n cells implying that these cells could CR one round of the cell cycle but did not initiate new rounds of dna replication in developmental assays the dnabav mutant was unable to develop into fruiting bodies and produced fewer myxospores than the wild type at the NPT however the mutant was able to undergo OD when it was shifted to a permissive temperature suggesting that cells had the capacity to undergo dna replication during OD and to allow the formation of myxospores
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cyclophilins exert both intracellular and extracellular MICs related to immune responses and inflammation which have been implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis paninhibition of cyclophilins has both pro and antiatherosclerotic properties but TPS contributions of extracellular and intracellular cyclophilins to these effects have not been characterized here using selective inhibitor of extracellular cyclophilins we investigated the role of these molecules in atherosclerosis apolipoprotein enull mice fed a highfat diet received intraperitoneal injections every second day of either VH or two analogs of cyclosporine a csa mellecsa nim a nonimmunosupressive cellpermeable inhibitor of both intracellular and extracellular cyclophilins and rcarboxyhbenzodimidazolylmethylmethyllthreoninecsa mm cellimpermeable analog only inhibiting extracellular cyclophilins OD of atherosclerosis and composition of plaques in aorta and IA were studied both analogs increased abundance and crosssectional size of the atherosclerotic plaques in aorta but did not affect OD of atherosclerosis in innominate i.a. neither compound affected abundance of macrophages and amount of vascular cell adhesion molecule or nitrotyrosine in the plaques of both arteries both EDC reduced the amount of collagen in innominate artery without affecting abundance of collagen in aortic sinus mm but not nim significantly reduced plasma concentration of tumor necrosis factorα tnfα neither compound affected PC of interleukin il il or mo chemoattractant protein ratio between different populations of immune cells in blood or isolated from CL NO and spleen as well as plasma lipoprotein profile were unaffected by both compounds in conclusion selective inhibition of extracellular cyclophilins reduced tnfα levels in plasma but increased atherosclerosis
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this investigation to examine influenza a virus activity in avian species at four ohio zoos was initiated to better understand the ecology of avianorigin influenza a aiv virus in wild aquatic birds and the possibility of spillover of such viruses into captive zoo birds both native and foreign species virus isolation efforts resulted in the recovery of three low pathogenic lp aiv isolates one hn and two hn from oralpharyngeal or cloacal swabs collected from over zoo birds representing species in addition lpaiv isolates possessing hn hn or hn AT1 combinations were recovered from environmental fecal samples collected from outdoor habitats accessible to zoo and wild birds analysis of oralpharyngeal and cloacal swabs collected from freeranging mallards anas platyrhynchos livetrapped at one zoo in resulted in the REC of lpaiv isolates of samples representing five ha and six na subtypes and at least nine hana combinations the high frequency of isolate REC is undoubtedly due to the capture and holding of wild ducks in a common pen before relocation to needofhelp recognition from general differentiation processes it is a concern in exp research to ensure that results do not relate to systematic perceptual differences when comparing responses to categories of different content therefore we not only derived the neohelppictures within a pair from one another by altering as little as possible but also assessed their perceptual similarity empirically we show that neohelppicture pairs are very similar regarding lowlevel perceptual properties across content categories we obtained data from children in a broad age range to years for three different paradigms in order to assess whether the intended categorization and differentiation could be observed reliably in a normative population our results demonstrate that children can differentiate the pictures content regarding both needofhelp category as well as species as intended in spite of the high perceptual similarities we provide standard response characteristics hit rates and response times that are useful for future selection of stimuli and comparison of results across studies we show that task requirements coherently determine which aspects of the pictures influence response characteristics thus we present neohelp the first openaccess standardized visual stimuli set for investigation of needofhelp recognition and invite researchers to use and extend it
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lipoprotein a lpa concentrations were determined in patients undergoing coronary angiography for SA n unstable angina n recent myocardial infarction n and nonischemic HR disease cardiomyopathy or valvular disease n nonihd mean sd and median lpa concentrations in SA mgdl did not differ from those in nonihd but were significantly lower than in patients with unstable angina and myocardial infarction p coronary angiography revealed that patients including patients in the nonihd group had significant or coronary lesions lpa was higher in patients with than in those without angiographic evidence of significant coronary stenosis p and showed a weak univariate correlation with the angiographic index total score of the severity of the disease r p however in the subgroup of patients with stableunstable angina or myocardial infarction lpa was predictive neither of angiographic presence nor of severity of coronary disease patients were then ranked according to the total score values among patients with comparable angiographic severity of PD disease lpa appeared to be remarkably higher in patients with acute ischemic syndromes unstable angina myocardial infarction than in patients with SD angina in conclusion lpa was roughly twice as high in acute unstable angina myocardial infarction than in chronic SA ischemic syndromes but there was no difference between chronic stable angina and nonihdabstract truncated at words
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communication research has been hindered by a lack of validated measures for latino populations to develop and validate a foreign language anxiety in a medical office scale the FL anxiety in a medical office scale flamos the authors conducted a survey of low income primarily spanishspeaking latinos n the scale factored into a unidimensional construct and showed high reliability α the foreign language anxiety in a medical office scale also demonstrated convergent and divergent validity compared with other communication anxiety scales personal report of communication apprehension communication anxiety inventory and recipient apprehension test and predictive validity for acculturation measures the short acculturation scale for hispanics the foreign language anxiety in a medical office scale provides a validated measure for researchers and may help to explain latino health care communication barriers
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insulinlike growth factori and ii igfi and igfii are difficult to separate and measure as a result of their homology both structurally and immunologically a number of IB proteins bps which interact with the igfs with high affinity complicate the ability to measure the igfs accurately and reproducibly current methodology for measuring igf is immunobased and involves dissociation from the igfs and removal of the IB proteins through sample acidification and removal by solidphase adsorption however the net result is an CA that is timeconsuming and at best semiquantitative in an attempt to improve the reproducibility and accuracy of igfi and ii measurement electrophoretic systems employing dynamically coated and bare Si capillaries were evaluated separations in bare silica capillaries in the presence or absence of the cationic additive C10 bromide were ineffective for resolving igfi and igfii however when the capillary was coated dynamically with polybrene igfi and ii could be resolved in a bsa sample matrix using a low ph buffer despite the fact that the igfs could be resolved in the presence of an igfi analog used as an internal standard polybrene recoating was required T3 as few as runs and poor coatingtocoating reproducibility was observed use of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride pdmac as a dynamic cationic coating and a low ph buffer containing pdmac was found to be much more effective providing reproducible separation of igfi and ii it was found that pdmac need not be included in the separation buffer to obtain reproducible analyses regarding igf separation subsequently functionality remained intact for as many as consecutive analyses before recoating was required without the need for pdmac in the buffer online solidphase extractioncapillary electrophoresis could be accomplished for detection of igfi and ii at concentrations as low ngml
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the presacral retroperitoneal approach for axial lumbar interbody fusion presacral alif is not widely reported particularly with regard to the midterm outcome this prospective study describes the clinical outcomes complications and rates of fusion at a followup of two years for patients who underwent this minimally invasive technique along with further stabilisation using pedicle screws the fusion was singlelevel at the ls spinal segment in patients and twolevel at l and ls in the other nine the VAS scale for pain and oswestry FDI scores were recorded preoperatively and during the month study period the DUE of fusion was by thincut ct scans at six and months and flexionextension plain radiographs at six and months significant reductions in pain and disability occurred as early as three weeks postoperatively and were maintained fusion was achieved in of patients at months and in patients at months one patient with a pseudarthrosis underwent successful revision by augmentation of the posterolateral fusion mass through a standard open midline approach there were no severe AEs associated with presacral alif which in this series demonstrated clinical outcomes and F0 rates comparable with those of reports of other methods of interbody F0
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a sensitive and simple liquid chromatographymass spectrometry lcms method was developed for the determination of terephthalic acid isopropylamide the final metabolite of procarbazine in human urine a solidphase extraction with c cartridges was used followed by lcms with a single mass spectrometer ssq from finnigan TPA isobutylamide was the internal standard the quantification limit was ngml in urine x noise this assay was applied for drug monitoring of TPA isopropylamide in urine T3 p.o. of procarbazine in children and adolescents with hodgkin lymphomas
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magnetic resonance imaging mri using gadopentetate dimeglumine gddtpa improves the delineation of hypothalamicpituitary structures and facilitates the detection of anatomical abnormalities which are indicators of permanent GHD ghd the aim of this T0 was to determine the frequency of neuroradiological CA in m f patients with hereditary or idiopathic forms of isolated ghd ighd or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency mphd and also to investigate the relationship between anatomical findings and hormonal status PIT hypoplasia with absent or thin infundibulum and ectopic PP epp were the most frequent findings in patients with mphd whereas in patients with ighd the most frequent finding was PIT hypoplasia without neuroradiological CA all patients whose infundibulum was not visualized after gddtpa i.t. belonged to the mphd group therefore absence of pituitary stalk can be a good indicator of the severity of hormonal deficiencies pituitary hypoplasia was found in all patients with familial ighd among patients with abnormalities of the Thy PIT area on mri normal or breech delivery frequency distributed equally therefore it seems that mechanical or hypoxic prenatal events cannot be the primary etiological factor in all patients with neuroradiological abnormalities since half of these patients had normal delivery and birth history the localization of the bright spot of the PP at the level of the ME midstalk position or at the end of the INF may suggest a neuronal migration defect which may occur during early embryogenesis in conclusion in children with ghd a careful examination of the Thy PIT area by mri after enhancement helps to establish the diagnosis and predicts the prognosis
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the purpose of the authors study was to investigate a functional mri fmri technique with an ultrashort echotime ute CS
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with up to infections annually lassa virus lasv the cause of lassa fever is one of the most prevalent etiological agents of viral hemorrhagic fever vhf in humans lasv is endemic in several west african countries with sporadic cases and prolonged outbreaks observed most commonly in sierra leone liberia guinea and nigeria additionally several cases of lassa fever have been imported into north america europe and asia making lasv a global threat to public health despite this currently no approved therapeutic or vaccine exists to treat or prevent lasv infections here using a passaged CS of lasv that is uniformly lethal in hartley guinea pigs we demonstrate that favipiravir a broadspectrum antiviral agent and leading treatment option for influenza has potent activity against lasv infection in this model once daily treatment with favipiravir significantly reduced viral titers in tissue samples and reduced mortality rates when compared with animals receiving vehicleonly or ribavirin the current standard of care for lassa fever favipiravir remained highly effective against lethal lasv infection when treatments were initiated nine days postinfection a time when animals were demonstrating advanced signs of disease these results support the further preclinical DUE of favipiravir for LF and other vhfs
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previous studies have indicated that values for mechanical efficiency during cycle exercise in prepubertal subjects are similar to those in adults few studies have directly compared these groups however and earlier reports did not consider the importance of assessing efficiency at similar relative exercise intensities nineteen prepubertal boys and college men underwent cycle exercise testing for determination of delta efficiency the energy required to increase workload related to both absolute work load and relative work intensity percent vomax no significant differences in either of these measures were observed between the two CG mean DE between workloads of similar relative intensity was for the prepubertal subjects and for the adults p greater than between equal absolute workloads the values were and respectively p greater than these findings support earlier contentions that the efficiency of muscular contraction during exercise is comparable in pre and postpubertal subjects
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this was a year old woman with a very C1 retropharyngeal tumour mainly situated on the right revealed by chronic decompensated respiratory failure admission to hospital was justified by deep coma with cyanosis of the face and extremities she had taken mg of oxazepam the day before admission to hospital this coma was due to chronic respiratory failure decompensated as suggested by clinical and laboratory examination after beta of any traumatic neurological endocrine or metabolic disorder intubation rendered difficult by the retropharyngeal tumour and assisted ventilation permitted REC of normal consciousness within hours this bilobed and encapsulated RT was CR removed after full radiological assessment which showed the absence of any bony lesions histology suggested that this was a benign lipoma the course was very rapidly favourable with a definite improvement in respiratory function one year T3 the surgical operation
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a yearold man injured his spinal cord at the fourth cervical vertebra due to a fall and became quadriplegic following emergency treatment the patient was admitted to our hospital for rehabilitation on admission respiratory function tests indicated a percent vital capacity value vc of revealing restrictive ventilatory impairment after admission we observed difficulty PLB at night and extreme snoring and thus performed a simple fullnight polysomnography results showed an apneahypopnea index ahi of hr and serious obstructive SAS osas based on these results we conjectured that a preexisting osas condition was exacerbated by the C2 spinal cord injury and thus po nasal CPAP ncpap in addition to respiratory rehabilitation a speedy disappearance of clinical symptoms was found with the application of ncpap compared to a oxygen desaturation index odi of dipshr prior to treatment the odi dropped to dipshr T3 days and dipshr T3 days indicating an obvious improvement in NOD
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the effects of aavtgfbeta and aavtgfbeta on promoting synthesis of glycosaminoglycan and CII of dedifferentiated rabbit lumbar disc np cells were studied in this work the rb lumbar disc np cells were isolated and cultured the earlier and later dedifferentiated np cells were established by subculture the aav transfection efficiency to dedifferentiated np cells was analyzed with aavegfp in vitro T3 dedifferentiated np cells were transfected by aavtgfbeta or aavtgfbeta their biological effects on promoting synthesis of glycosaminoglycan or collagen type ii were detected and compared by the methods of s incorporation or immunoblotting the experimental results showed that aav could transfect efficiently the earlier dedifferentiated np cells but its transfection rate was shown to be at a low level to the later dedifferentiated np cells both aavtgfbeta and aavtgfbeta could promote the earlier dedifferentiated np cells to synthesize glycosaminoglycan and collagen type ii and the effect of aavtgfbeta was better than that of aavtgfbeta for the later dedifferentiated np cells the aavtgfbeta could promote their synthesis but aavtgfbeta could slightly inhibit their synthesis therefore aavtgfbeta and aavtgfbeta could be used for the earlier dedifferentiated np cells and the tgfbeta could be used as the objective gene for the later dedifferentiated np cells
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granulated wheatfibres were tested as an additive to normal food before colon radiography in out of consecutive outpatients the cleansing day food was prohibited the results show no adverse effect of fibres on cleansing thus patients with organic and functional disturbances of the large bowel already treated with fibres do not have to stop this medication during days preceeding colon radiography this means simple patient management and indicates that a routine use of fibres before colon cleansing in the old persons ought to be beneficial
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in reviewing the literature we found no CL cell carcinoma lcc or welldocumented adult polycystic kidneys apk associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis chf we report a yearold man with chf lcc apk duplication cyst of distal portion of stomach two calcified SAA myocardial fibrosis and muscular hypertrophy of esophagus the lcc was grossly predunculated and microscopically showed prominent fibrosis and hyaline intracytoplasmic inclusions in the tumor cells
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rBCG immunotherapy has been found by a number of investigators to be effective in the treatment and prevention of superficial TCC while the optimal protocol for bacillus calmetteguerin remains to be determined experience with randomized and nonrandomized high risk patients followed for up to years provides information that may improve future protocols side effects of bacillus calmetteguerin are observed to increase with increasing frequency and duration of treatment the protection from tumor recurrence has persisted only of patients per cent treated with rBCG have had recurrent RT compared to of controls per cent p equals chisquare test and mean time to recurrence increased from to months p less than savage skin test reactivity to purified protein derivative is particularly useful in predicting response to rBCG immunotherapy currently patients have been randomized to receive bacillus calmetteguerin immunotherapy and only of patients per cent in whom the purified protein derivative skin test results converted from negative to positive has had recurrent tumor compared to recurrences per cent in patients whose skin tests were positive before treatment or failed to convert following treatment p equals chisquare seven recurrences per cent developed in patients whose skin tests remained negative p equals and recurrences per cent developed in patients whose tests previously were positive p equals fishers test not significant the benefit of percutaneous rBCG is suggested by the observations that the recurrence rate in patients treated with intravesical bacillus calmetteguerin alone is per cent and all patients whose purified protein derivative skin tests were negative continued to have negative results when percutaneous bacillus calmetteguerin was omitted p equals among high risk patients a marked decrease in or CR prevention of recurrent RT was observed in per cent of patients treated previously with chemotherapy and of per cent with carcinoma in situ have had a complete response
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CG of theileria annulata infected hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum adults prefed on a calf for to days were separately ground in TC medium supplemented with bovine Al powder fractionv supernatant fluid was collected made up with additional medium so that each millilitre represented material from ticks and was injected subcutaneously into CG of crossbred male calves the results indicated that groundup tick supernate guts prepared from unfed ticks was not L3 whereas that prepared from to days prefed ticks was infective guts prepared from days prefed ticks appeared to contain highest infectivity and ml of it induced fatal theileriosis
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enhancer of zeste homologue ezh the catalytic S1 of Pc repressive complex prc has attracted broad research attention in the past few years because of its involvement in the development and maintenance of many types of CA and the use of TPS ezh inhibitors in clinical trials several observations show that prc can have both oncogenic and tumoursuppressive functions we propose that these apparently opposing roles of prc in CA are a consequence of the molecular CF of the complex in maintaining rather than specifying the transcriptional repression state of its several thousand target genes
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the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and SBT a new betalactamase inhibitor were investigated in patients undergoing prosthetic cardiac valve IS the combination of g of ampicillin and g of sulbactam was administered as perioperative prophylaxis intravenously over to days several SS pharmacokinetic parameters were similar for the two drugs after three intravenous doses were given to patients following surgery the halflives of beta of ampicillin and sulbactam were and min the volumes of distribution were and liters kg and the total plasma clearances were and mlmin respectively the peak concentrations of ampicillin and sulbactam in serum were calculated to be and microgramsml respectively ampicillin and SBT rapidly penetrated from the blood into various tissues collected during heart surgery such as sternum pericardium myocardium and endocardium the concentrations of ampicillin in tissue ranged from to microgramsg and those of sulbactam in tissue ranged from to microgramsg the concentrations of ampicillin and SBT in serum and tissue also apparently exceeded the mics against most betalactamaseproducing bacteria usually involved in postoperative wound infections and PVE the ratio of the two compounds was approximately in serum and in the various tissues affected by the T0 the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin and SBT in SS and investigated tissues suggest that the combination of the two betalactams will be ERP in the perioperative prophylaxis of patients undergoing HR surgery
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van tienderen recently published a method that links selection gradients between a phenotypic trait and multiple fitness components with the effects of these fitness components on the population growth rate mean absolute fitness the method allows selection to be simultaneously estimated across multiple fitness components in a population dynamic framework in this paper we apply the method to a population of red deer living in the north block of the isle of rum scotland we show that selection on birth date and birth weight can operate through multiple fitness components simultaneously our estimates of the response to selection are consistent with the observed change in trait values that we cannot explain with environmental and phenotypic covariates selection on both traits has fluctuated over the course of the T0 selection operates through different fitness components in different years and no environmental covariates correlate with selection because different fitness components respond to density and climatic R2 in contrasting ways
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several cytogenetic techniques agnor c g and re bandings dapi cma and fish were applied in order to analyze the structure and variability of nors in the fish species steindachneridionral disc yielding a diagnosis of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteriosis ntm due to m intracellulare she was treated with clarithromycin cam ethambutol eb and rifampicin rfp but eb and rfp were discontinued due to of the fever they induced she was then treated with a combination of cam levofloxacin and streptomycin and followed up as an out patient based on case reports of disseminated ntm infection in japan the prognosis is poor and a protocol must be established for its treatment
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to evaluate the performance of the paediatric index of mortality pim in children cared for in AD intensive care units icus in district GA hospitals in the south west region of england
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venous thromboembolic disease is a significant source of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized trauma patients multiple drugs and dosing regimens have been suggested for pharmacoprophylaxis in this T0 we compared efficacy complications and cost of unfractionated heparin po subcutaneously three times a day with standarddosed enoxaparin for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis dvt in adult trauma patients over year patients admitted for greater than hours who received pharmacoprophylaxis as part of a comprehensive dvt protocol were included a NC was made in the protocol from enoxaparin mg twice a day or mg per day to heparin u three times a day at midyear surveillance lower extremity venous ultrasound was performed according to established institutional guidelines data including demographics associated injuries complications and cost were collected and analyzed four hundred seventysix patients met inclusion criteria two hundred thirtyseven patients received enoxaparin and received heparin proximal lower extremity dvts were detected in patients in the enoxaparin group and in the heparin group p risk factors for dvt in these patients included spinal cord injury p and closed head injury p there was no difference between the incidence of pulmonary emboli and one there was an estimated yearly pharmacy cost savings of in trauma patients subcutaneous heparin dosed three times a day may be as ERP as standarddosed enoxaparin for prophylaxis of A-V TE without increased complications heparin three times a day for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis was associated with significant pharmaceutical cost savings
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we T0 the impact of dynamical and structural heterogeneity on the collective dynamics of C1 smallworld networks of pulsecoupled integrateandfire oscillators endowed with refractory periods and TD depending on the choice of homogeneous control parameters here refractoriness and coupling strength these networks exhibit a C1 spectrum of dynamical behaviors including asynchronous partially synchronous and fully synchronous states networks exhibit transitions between t neutrophils of the inflammation cascade as well as of the EC and the coagulation system finally we will see that antiretroviral therapy reduces the hyperactivity of the immune and coagulation systems and the EC dysfunction but often does not abolish it a better knowledge of this phenomenon might help us to identify biomarkers predictive of non aidslinked comorbidities and to define new strategies aiming at preventing their emergence
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a method for determination of shunt resistance rs and absolute conductive ion permeabilities of the apical membrane in epithelia from steadystate data is described the method assumes that the currents are satisfactorily described by the goldmanhodgkinkatz regime its application requires measurements of standard transepithelial EP parameters and of one or more intracellular ion MICs it is applicable under both open and shortcircuit conditions the method was tested in an electrophysiological analysis of cultured normal and cystic fibrosis cf human nasal epithelium in normal and cf preparations with mean transepithelial resistances of and omegacm rs was and omegacm respectively the rs values determined with the present method were strongly correlated r with those obtained with another method available in the electrophysiological literature but were as a mean lower amiloride increased rs by in cf and by in normal S9 in normal preparations the apical cl permeability pcla was x cms and the apical na permeability pnaa was x cms in cf preparations pcla was reduced to a maximum of x cms whereas pnaa was increased to x cms the apical membrane electromotive force was mv in normal and mv in cf S9 it is concluded that the method can be used to calculate rs apical membrane ion permeabilities and electromotive forces from steadystate EP data
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human mesenchymal stem cells mscs have increasingly been used as cellular vectors for the delivery of therapeutic genes to tumors however the precise mechanism of mobilization remains poorly defined in this study mscs that expressed similar cell surface markers and exhibited multilineage differentiation potentials were isolated from various donors interestingly different msc isolates displayed differential migration ability toward human glioma cells we hypothesized that distinct molecular signals may be involved in the varied RT tropisms exhibited by different msc isolates to test this hypothesis gene expression profiles of tumortrophic mscs were compared with those of nontumortrophic mscs among the various differentially regulated genes matrix metalloproteinase one mmp gene expression and its protein activities were enhanced by fold and fold respectively in highly migrating mscs compared with poorly migrating mscs by contrast there was no NC in the transcriptional levels of other mmps functional inactivation of mmp abrogated the migratory potential of mscs toward gliomaconditioned medium conversely the nonmigratory phenotype of poorly migrating msc could be rescued in the presence of either recombinant mmp or conditioned medium from the highly migrating mscs ectopic expression of mmp in these poorly migrating cells also rendered the cells responsive to the signaling cues from the glioma cells in vivo however blocking the interaction of mmp and its cognate receptor par effectively diminished the migratory ability of mscs taken together this study provides for the first time supporting evidence that mmp is critically involved in the migration capacity of mscs acting through the mmppar axis
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the complex of polyipolyc and a new cationic liposome lic has a potent antitumor activity against many RT cell lines in vitro whereas polyipolyc itself has no such activity in the present study we tested the sensitivity of human colon and pancreatic cancer cell lines to lic or adriamycin in vitro the growth of most of the cell lines was strongly inhibited by both lic and adriamycin in vitro although a few insensitive cell lines were different we also studied the in vivo antitumor activity of lic or adriamycin in three exp CL metastasis models in nude mice using a human pancreatic cancer cell line aspc and two human CC cell lines lst and hccm the administration of lic or adriamycin was started days T3 the i.t. of tumor cells animals received mgkg lic iv twice weekly or mgkg adriamycin iv every days during the experiments lic showed potent antitumor activity in all three liver CA models although adriamycin had potent antitumor activity in the hccm MM it had only a moderate effect in the aspc model and at most a weak effect in the lst model at the effective doses lic did not cause detectable pathological changes in the liver and did not elicit toxicity to mice in these models whereas adriamycin did exhibit toxic effects these results suggest that lic is a promising candidate drug to treat hepatic metastasis
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papillary endothelial hyperplasia peh is a benign process characterized by EC cell proliferation in a PTC DP usually occurring in reaction to traumatic V1 stasis or a thrombus commonly found in the soft tissues of the neck and extremities intracardiac lesions in the left atrium LV and coronary atherotomy specimens associated with trauma or thrombus have rarely been reported a single prior report of a pure isolated form of intracardiac peh in the literature is noted to the best of our knowledge the imagier and with other components for the maintenance of hemostasis
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the SE sequences have been the most used acquisition techniques on magnetic resonance imaging mri of the BB since the beginning of s recently however technological developments proposed such new fast acquisition techniques with a dramatic reduction in acquisition time as GE turbo SE gradient SE ed echo planar sequences we investigated the comparative adequacy of the new fast sequences in brain mr studies versus conventional sequences on medium field strength mr equipment t on in vitro exams sn ratio was evaluated and on in vivo study cn ratio between WG substance grey substance and fluid were evaluated in healthy volunteers all the exams were carried out on philips nt gyroscan mr unit operating at t with mtm power gradients both conventional and fast sequences spinecho se inversion recovery ir gradientecho ge turbo spinecho tse gradient spinecho grase and echo planar epi all optimized to obtain t t and tir weighted images were performed the sequences were evaluated separately comparing different acquisition techniques relative to the same type of contrast t t and tir the results indicate the superiority of the fast acquisition techniques both in terms of quality and acquisition times except for tweighted images where the SE sequences confirmed to be superior in conclusion the present study suggests that fast acquisition techniques can improve the conventional protocol of sequences in the anatomical representation of the normal brain even with medium field strength equipment only on t and tir weighted images on tweighted imaging conventional se acquisition technique is still the best choice the time saving obtained with fast sequences can therefore be used for an overall improvement in the SQ of images and to apply accessory acquisition plans on routine exams
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all members of a spanish family father mother and six children developed chloracne the causative agent was found to be the familys stock of olive oil which had become contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzopdioxins pcdds polychlorinated dibenzofurans pcdfs PCP and hexachlorobenzene the more highly chlorinated pcdds in particular octachlorodibenzopdioxin were the predominant congeners in the oil three members of the family exhibited either an overt or a subclinical disturbance of kidney CF the father also had a chronic respiratory problem these changes could not be unequivocally attributed to the pcdds exp toxicity of the oil was limited to the OD of an hepatic porphyria in mice a SS sample taken years T3 consumption of the oil ceased contained high C2 of the pcdds and pcdfs extrapolation back to ingested dose was used to validate dosage estimates the use of toxicity equivalence AF tefs provided estimates of cumulative dosage to produce chloracne as micrograms tcdd kg using epa tefs or micrograms tcdd kg using nordicnato tefs this is the first incident in which human toxicity is related primarily to ingestion of pcdds and for which estimates of dosage can be made
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selfdirected learning requires selfassessment of learning needs and performance a complex process that requires collecting and interpreting data from various sources learners approaches to selfassessment likely vary depending on the learner and the context the aim of this study was to gain insight into how learners process external information and apply their interpretation of this information to their selfassessment and learning during a structured educational activity the study combined quantitative performance data with qualitative interview data pediatric residents led videorecorded simulated resuscitations and rated their crisis resource management skills on a validated item SF-36 three independent observers rated the videos using the same instrument during semistructured interviews each resident reviewed the video rerated performance discussed the selfassessment process and interpreted feedback and observer scores transcripts were analyzed for themes sixteen residents participated residents selfassessed scores ranged widely but usually fell within two points of the observers they almost universally lowered their scores when selfassessing after the video review five L1 themes emerged from qualitative analysis of their interviews residents found selfassessment important and useful in certain contexts and conditions residents varied in their selfdirected learning behaviors after the simulated resuscitation quantitative observer assessment had limited usefulness video review was difficult but useful and residents focused on their weaknesses and felt a need for constructive feedback to enhance learning the residents in our study almost uniformly embraced the importance of selfassessment for all medical professionals even though video review had a negative impact on their selfassessment scores and was perceived as painful residents saw this as the most useful aspect of the study exercises residents they were less accepting of the quantitative assessment by observers residents explained their tendency to focus on weaknesses as a way to create an incentive for learning demonstrating that selfassessment is closely linked to SDL how learners can use video review and external assessment most effectively to guide their SDL deserves further study
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although many attempts have been made to predict the occurrence of lymph node metastases from PTC TC there are currently no reliable means to accurately predict C2 nodal metastasis in this study we present a novel prediction system for the lymph node metastasis based on the histological and cyclin d staining features the frequency of lymph node metastases from a series of papillary thyroid carcinomas was analyzed according to the clinicopathological variables cyclin d IF patterns and brafve mutation in tumor tissue a total of patients had CL node metastasis cyclin d was constantly expressed at the invasive RT front and revealed welldefined isolated PG of RT cells in the extratumoral region isolated PG and laterally spreading tubular growth along the fibrous septa around the invasive front of the RT lateral tubular growth upon univariate analysis an age of less than years p RT size of mm or more p nonfollicular variant p invasive growth DP p extrathyroid extension p isolated PG p lateral tubular growth p and tumor multiplicity p predicted CL node metastasis whereas brafve mutation did not upon multivariate analysis age p odds ratio or tumor size p or isolated PG p or and lateral tubular growth p or were found to be strong independent predictors of lymph node metastasis cyclin d staining of papillary thyroid carcinoma is very useful for identifying the intrathyroidal spreading or multifocality of the tumors tumor growth patterns verified by cyclin d staining can be used for the identification of PTCs with metastatic potential
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the kinetic patterns of woodchuck hepatitis virus whv infection were monitored in the pancreas kidneys ovaries and testes groups of woodchucks experimentally INF with a standardized inoculum of whv were sacrificed at different times over a week period beginning in the preacute phase of viral infection and continuing to the period of serologic REC or the establishment of chronic infections and subsequent HCC carcinoma b e korba p j cote f v wells b baldwin h popper r h purcell b c tennant and j l gerin j virol tissues from an additional group of longterm to years chronic whv carriers which had been infected with the same whv inocula were also examined viral dna replication intermediates were found in all four tissues during the acute phase of whv infection however whv dna replication intermediates were observed only in the kidneys of a small proportion of the chronically infected animals following the acute phase of infection whv dna was present only in the pancreas kidneys and ovaries of the chronically INF woodchucks a progressive evolution of different whv genomic forms related to the replicative state of whv was observed in these tissues histologic DUE of these four tissues revealed only minimal localized lesions which were not correlated with the state of whv activity the observations compiled in this T0 further extend the tissue tropism of whv
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carnosine occurs in high concentrations in human skeletal muscle and assists working capacity during highintensity exercise chronic betaalanine ba supplementation has consistently been shown to augment muscle carnosine concentration but the effect of training on the carnosine loading efficiency is poorly understood the aim of the present T0 was to compare muscle carnosine loading between trained and untrained arm and leg muscles in a first T0 n reliability of carnosine quantification by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy hmrs was evaluated in deltoid and triceps brachii muscles in a second study participants n nonathletes cyclists swimmers and kayakers were supplemented with gday of slowrelease ba for days carnosine content was evaluated in soleus gastrocnemius medialis and deltoid muscles by hmrs all the results are reported as arbitrary units in the nonathletes ba supplementation increased carnosine content by in the arm and in the leg muscles not significant in kayakers the increase was more pronounced in arm deltoid vs leg soleus gastrocnemius muscles vs whereas the reverse DP was observed in cyclists vs swimmers had significantly higher increase in carnosine in both deltoid vs and gastrocnemius muscle vs compared with nonathletes we showed that carnosine content can be reliably measured by hmrs in deltoid muscle carnosine loading is equally effective in arm vs leg muscles of nonathletes and carnosine loading is more pronounced in trained vs untrained muscles
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to review the results of SL ligament reconstruction using a flexor carpi radialis tendon VG
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the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the value of technetiumm methoxyisobutylisonitrile tcmibi imaging and ultrasound in preoperative localization of parathyroid adenoma pa and parathyroid PH ph
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the roles of the DCN in epileptogenesis and seizure expression are not well defined to determine their properties we examined the effects of lesions to the dentate fastigial and interpositus nuclei in adult rats that were electrically kindled in the AC changes in afterdischarge duration add as well as the expression and progression of behavioral seizures to fully GTC convulsions stage were assessed
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shosaikoto sst also known as soshihotang or xiaochaihutang has been widely prescribed for chronic liver diseases in traditional oriental medicine despite the substantial amount of clinical evidence for sst its molecular mechanism has not been clearly identified at a genomewide level
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we previously reported that there is a high incidence of sudden cardiac death scd in dogs with myocardial infarction mi complete av block cavb and nerve growth factor ngf infusion to the left stellate ganglion lsg whether or not qt interval prolongation underlines the mechanism of scd was unclear
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to examine the need for and evaluate the method of menses suppression in women at risk for TP a SR of the published literature in medline using the search terms TP menorrhagia therapeutic amenorrhea progestin intrauterine device combination oral contraceptiveextended and cyclic gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist danazol and progestins there are an increased number of reproductive age women at risk for TP who would benefit from menses suppression a number of ERP medical regimens are available in patients who fail medical therapy endometrial ablation appears to be ERP in women with TP as a result of the increased number of women at risk for thrombocytopenia there is a need for therapeutic amenorrhea the type of regimen selected depends upon the patients need for contraception and the ability to tolerate estrogencontaining medications for women who fail medical therapy there are surgical options which are associated with less morbidity than hysterectomy
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a series of haemorrhagic polyps of the equine nasal cavity is described the lesions show haematoma formation abundant haemosiderin in macrophages and giant cells and organising fibrous tissue in one case angiomatoid lesions were observed in the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses and it is suggested that some haemorrhagic nasal polyps may originate from preexisting haemangiomatous Az in the respiratory mucosa
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the introductions of the continuous beds now often called monoliths s hjertén jl liao r zhang j chromatogr and the artificial highly selective gel antibodies against antigens as C1 as proteins viruses and cells jl liao y wang s hjertén chromatographia were breakthroughs in the design of chromatographic beds this paper deals with a combination of these two methods ie the artificial gel antibodies have been synthesized in the monolithic mode as antigen we have used human hemoglobin a comparison of the ionexchange chromatograms of the eluates from the monolithic columns shows that the monolith prepared in the presence of hemoglobin adsorbed this protein but not the other proteins in the sample ribonuclease a and cytochrome c ie this monolith was selective for hemoglobin whereas the blank column prepared in the absence of hemoglobin had no selective properties since none of the applied proteins were adsorbed the diameter of the column was mm but the same approach to synthesize a monolithic selective bed can very likely also be used for capillaries and microchips
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the effect of peroral nacetylcysteine nac in patients with cystic fibrosis cf and chronic pulmonary PA infection was studied in patients in a doubleblind placebocontrolled crossover trial of two month durations AS treatment consisted of nac mg x daily patients weighing less than kg or mg x daily greater than kg the effect was evaluated by a subjective clinical score weight sputum bacteriology blood leucocyte count sedimentation rate titres of specific antimicrobial antibodies lung CF parameters and measurement of nasal ciliary CF in vitro patients completed the study no significant differences in lung function or subjective clinical scores were seen between nac and placebo for the T0 group as a whole patients with peak expiratory flow rate pefr below of predicted normal values showed a satisfactory significant increase in pefr forced vital capacity fvc and forced expiratory volume in one second fev during nac treatment no effect of nac on ciliary activity was observed
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IP mononuclear blood cells isolated from nephrotic subjects with minimalchange nephrotic syndrome selective PU greater than g h or various other forms of glomerulonephritis nonselective proteinuria greater than g h were stimulated with concanavalin a and cultured for h in the presence of kidney tissue under standard conditions MZ cultures were developed with phosphatebuffered saline from normal control donors triplicate cultures of each subject x cellsml were incubated with or without or microgramsml concanavalin a per milliliter SF tissue SC medium upon cryostat sections from normal rat kidney the cells were subsequently removed and the tissue sections were washed and stained for sialoprotein using the CI method and evaluated for stainability of glomerular polyanion using LM the results show that IP MNC blood cells from subjects with minimalchange nephrotic syndrome had affected glomerular polyanion in vitro during incubation with kidney tissue in a significantly p less than or equal to higher number of cases as compared with the number of glomerulonephritis patients who scored positive in out of cases whereas this was the case in out of cases of the normal donors it is concluded that stimulated cellular immune reactivity of peripheral mononuclear blood cells from subjects with minimalchange nephrotic syndrome in vitro is associated with the potential impairment in vitro of an important part of the glomerular filtration barrier since this cellular activity occurred to a significant lesser extent in other nephrotic subjects this response is not related to the nephrotic state per se
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the mutagenicity of urine extracts from anode plant workers exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles and nonsmoking psoriatic patients treated with coal tar applications and uv light goeckermann regimen was determined by the SP incorporation CA and the fluctuation test employing salmonella typhimurium CS ta in the presence of rat CL postmitochondrial fractions and deconjugating enzymes the levels of total polycyclic aromatic HCs pahs and of a marker metabolite of Py hydroxypyrene were determined in the urine of the same subjects both the occupational and in particular the therapeutic exposure to coal tar resulted in clear increases in urinary levels of pah metabolites as compared to unexposed subjects the level of hydroxypyrene in the urine samples was comparable to or even greater than the corresponding level of total pahs indicating a poor recovery of pah metabolites for this method following treatment with coal tar most of the psoriatic patients excreted clearly increased levels of mutagens in their urine while nonsmoking anode plant workers showed no increase in urinary mutagenicity the minimum levels of pah metabolites corresponding to a significant increase in urinary mutagenicity varied from sample to sample presumably depending on interfering AF present in different amounts in the extracts nonetheless the urine samples which were clearly mutagenic presented elevated levels of pah metabolites suggesting that the mutagenicity assays lack sufficient sensitivity to allow their application in the biological monitoring of most occupational exposures to coal tar
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the effect of ligating the left ureter on the thymidinelabeling index li of epithelial cells lining the urinary tract in male WR has been investigated and compared with the li in appropriate control groups in experiment the temporal pattern of the response was studied in the left ureter the li above and below the ligature began to increase at about hours and reached a peak approximately times normal control values at hours at hours the li above the ligature was still about times normal but distal to the ligature it was significantly below normal levels there were also impressive increases in the li in the epithelium of the left renal pelvis and in the tubular cells of the left renal cortex an unexpected observation was a significant increase in the li in the RA ureter and bladder of these animals and similar increases in both ureters and bladders of sham and LAP controls other unusual features were a significant decrease in the li in the cortical tubular cells in all the shamoperated animals and in some ligated groups and a highly significant sustained reduction in the li of hepatocytes in both shamoperated and ligated animals but not in anesthetic controls in experiment the topographic relationship between the ligature and the changes in thymidine labeling was examined the highest lis were in the pieces of ureter neighboring the ligature with successively lower indices as the distance from the ligature increased factors potentially responsible for the changes in the li in different parts of the urinary tract are considered and conclusions about the mechanisms involved are tentatively drawn
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bayram e yiÅ u paketçi c okur d polat iÌ Ã§akmakcı h hız s anlar b changes of primary HA related VWM lesions in pediatric patients turk j pediatr we aimed to describe the LT prognosis of WG matter lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging in children with primary HA children who were admitted with the complaint of HA and had nonspecific white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging were included in the T0 the clinical findings of the patients were reinvestigated using the same magnetic resonance imaging scanner and acquisition protocol T3 at least a two year period magnetic resonance imaging results of the patients were documented in detail findings of the baseline and followup studies were compared with each other by the same radiologist among the patients were male and were female mean age of patients at the time of second imaging was ± years eight had migraine without aura had tensiontype headache and had migraine with aura the mean clinical followup period of the patients was ± years all patients had low headache frequency on the last control visit when compared to the first clinical findings the followup magnetic resonance imaging studies showed two newly developed WG matter lesions in two patients who had migraine without aura and the VWM lesions disappeared in the patient who had tensiontype headache compared to the baseline neuroimaging findings of the baseline and LT followup magnetic resonance imaging studies of the patients with primary headache showed no significant changes in terms of the location size and laterality repeated neuroimaging studies are not warranted in the absence of the progression in clinical findings
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extraintestinal manifestations of CD are common granulomas may occur in different tissues in CD although kidney granulomas are extremely rare although ocular complications of CD are infrequent most ocular manifestations include iritis uveitis episcleritis scleritis and conjunctivitis CRVO has been reported in a few patients with CD the choroidal neovascularization is related to inflammatory disorders such as panuveitis SA we report a patient with crohns disease complicated by granulomatous inas been renewed interest in developing new vaccines and therapeutics against this bacterium NK cases of disease tularemia caused by the type a subspecies are very rare therefore the united states food and drug administration will rely on the socalled animal rule for tau testing of antifrancisella medicines this requires the human disease to be modeled in one or more animal species in which the pathogenicity of the agent is reasonably well understood mice are NK hosts for f tularensis and might be able to satisfy this requirement tularemia pathogenesis appears to be primarily due to the host inflammatory response which is poorly understood at the molecular level additionally the extent to which this response varies depending on host and pathogen genetic background or by pathogen challenge route or dose is unknown therefore the present study examined sera and INF tissues from cbl and balbc mice challenged by natural intradermal id and respiratory routes with one of two distinct type a strains of the pathogen for cytokine and chemokine responses that might help to explain the morbidity associated with tularemia the results show that the molecular immune response was mostly similar regardless of the variables examined for instance mrna for the proinflammatory cytokine il and chemokines kc and ip was consistently upregulated at all sites of infection upregulation of mrna for several other cytokines and chemokines occurred in a more tissue restricted manner for instance ifngamma was highly upregulated in the skin of balbc but not cbl mice after id inoculation of the pathogen whilst il mrna upregulation was only consistently seen in the skin and lungs
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studies in WG populations have confirmed advanced age as a risk factor for CM but in nonwhite populations its role is less clear to clarify a possible association in our local population comprising chinese a retrospective epidemiological study of years of data on cutaneous melanoma between and from a CE OCR in HK was conducted there were new cases and death cases registered and analysis showed that both the incidence and MR of cutaneous melanoma increase with increasing age T3 age is thus confirmed as a risk factor for cutaneous melanoma in our local population in an ageing population the estimated future incidence and mortality rate of cutaneous melanoma are likely to increase
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GT polyphenols exhibit multiple antitumor activities in various in vitro and in vivo RT models and the mechanisms of action are not clear previously we found that green tea extract gte regulates actin remodeling in different cell culture systems actin remodeling plays an important role in cancer cell morphology cell adhesion motility and invasion using proteomic approaches we found gteinduced expression of annexini a multifunctional actin binding protein in these cell lines in this study we aimed to further define the functional role of gteinduced annexini expression in actin CR cell adhesion and motility in lung adenocarcinoma a cells we found that gte stimulates the expression of annexini in a dosedependent fashion the gteinduced annexini expression appears to be at the transcription level and the increased annexini expression mediates actin polymerization resulting in enhanced cell adhesion and decreased motility annexini specific interference resulted in loss of gteinduced actin polymerization and cell adhesion but not motility in fact annexini TPS interference itself inhibited motility even without gte together annexini plays an important role in gteinduced actin CR and it may serve as a potential molecular target associated with the anticancer MICs of GT
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timing of surgical management of acute IE is a L1 challenge with respect to surgical complications risks of recurrences and optimal valve repair or replacement we present a case of a yearold male with a history of intravenous drug abuse who was referred to our center T3 days of medical management of acute IE upon arrival he was in SS multiorgan failure and mobile vegetations on the tricuspid valve with severe tricuspid regurgitation he also had BL pulmonary infarcts and an IS in the RA parietal lobe a successful percutaneous transcatheter mechanical vegetation debulking was performed followed by surgical valve replacement seven days later this case introduces a new option in the management of rightsided endocarditis in critically ill patient and demonstrates the technical feasibility of a debulking procedure in this setting which led subsequently to a significant improvement in patients condition and he was ultimately able to undergo definitive surgery
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glaucoma causes damage of the NFL which may cause loss of retinal birefringence therefore psoct is a potentially useful technique for the early detection of glaucoma we built a fiberbased psoct setup that produces realtime images of the human retina in vivo coregistered with retinal video images of the location of psoct scans preliminary measurements of a healthy volunteer show that the doublepass phase retardation per unit of depth of the rnfl is not constant and varies with location with values between and degmicrom a trend in the preliminary measurements shows that the nerve fiber layer located VPI and superior to the ONH is more birefringent than the thinner layer of nerve fiber tissue in the temporal and nasal regions
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this weeks issues of science and sciences stke cover various aspects of gastrointestinal function and malfunction topics include the regulation of feeding behavior host interactions with the organisms that colonize the gut signaling pathways involved in gut barrier CF and selfrenewal and AF associated with gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders and the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal caive testing cranial computed tomography ultrasound routine laboratory testing including vascular risk factors T3 exclusion of patients with no or other forms of PSD we analyzed spect data of patients with mild cognitive impairment mci n and PSD of the alzheimer type dat n in comparison with a healthy control group n visual assessment as well as a manual regions of interest roi regionalization of the SC were performed whereby a roicerebellum ratio was calculated as a semiquantitative value association SC areas were assessed regarding frontal temporal and parietal lobes of both hemispheres when comparing the ratios of patients with dat and controls we found a statistically significant reduction of the CBF perfusion in all measured cortex Az p the comparison of patients with mci with the selected control group also established a statistically significant difference in the rCBF for the evaluated SC Az with the exception of the left hemispheric frontal and parietal cortexa considerable number of the mci patients showed an mmsescore within the normal range but with regard to the perfusion in the right hemispheric association cortex these patients also could be distinguished unambiguously from controls sensitivity levels found by visual assessment were at least as high as those found by the roi method pathological assessment visual vs roi for mci visual vs roi for dat high experienced visual assessment of rCBF scans using spect provides an useful additional tool in diagnosis of cognitive impairment the used semiquantitative roimethod is nearly equivalent and does not depend on the experience of the investigator
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a comparative study was performed of dense hour cultures of rat HCs and equaldensity cultures of mesenchymal stromal cells msc isolated from human adipose tissue of rat bone marrow the cells were grown on collagencoated class slides in SFM unlike in hepatocytes no rhythm of protein synthesis was initially revealed in msc but such a rhythm manifested itself when the SC medium was supplemented with melatonin nm min the results of experiments with cytoplasmic calcium chelator baptaam and protein kinase inhibitor h indicate that the mechanism of protein synthesis synchronization in msc consists in calciumdependent phosphorylation of cell proteins
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we examine the feasibility of phytoremediation as an alternative strategy to limit the SE of asbestos in site with asbestoscontaining materials we collected soils from four locations from two sitesone with naturally occurring asbestos and another a superfund site where ACM were disposed over decadesand performed ecotoxicology tests we also performed two experiments with crop cultivar and two grasses from serpentine ecotype and cultivar to determined best choice for phytoremediation asbestos concentrations in different size fractions of soils varied by orders of magnitude however different asbestos concentrations had little effect on germination and root growth presence of cocontaminants such as heavy metals and lack of nutrients affected plant growth to different extents indicating that several of these limiting factors should be considered instead of the primary contaminant of concern crop cultivar survived on asbestoscontaminated soil grasses from serpentine ecotype did not show higher biomass than the cultivar overall these results showed that soil conditions play a critical role in screening different crop species for phytoremediation and that asbestos concentration has limited to no effect on plant growth our study provided a FR for phytoremediation of asbestoscontaminated CS to limit longterm asbestos exposure
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annexin a is involved in multiple cellular processes including cell survival growth division and differentiation a lack of annexin a makes cells more sensitive to apoptotic stimuli here we demonstrate a potential mechanism for apoptotic stimuliinduced annexin a cleavage which contributes to Tc inhibition and apoptosis annexin a was persistently expressed around the proliferative but not the necrotic region in balbc nude mice with human lung epithelial carcinoma cell aderived tumors knockdown expression of annexin a made cells susceptible to either SS withdrawalinduced cell cycle inhibition or cisplatininduced apoptosis under AI stimuli annexin a was timedependently cleaved mechanistic studies have shown that protein phosphatase a ppaactivated GSK gsk is essential for this process therefore inhibiting gsk reversed serum withdrawalinduced Tc inhibition and cisplatininduced apoptosis furthermore inhibiting serine proteases blocked AI stimuliinduced annexin a cleavage bax activation and mcl destabilization which is regulated by ppa and gsk caused annexin a cleavage via an omihtradependent pathway taking these results together we conclude that gsk and omihtra synergistically cause annexin a cleavage and then cell cycle inhibition or apoptosis
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the relation between the size of the balloon used for dilatation of the pulmonary valve and the extent of relief of pulmonary stenosis both immediately T3 and at intermediate term follow up was studied sixty four balloon dilatation procedures in patients were divided into group in which the ratio of the diameter of the balloon to that of the pulmonary annulus was less than or equal to and group in which the ratio was greater than both groups had similar mean sd pressure drops across the pulmonary valve before dilatation immediately T3 dilatation there was a significant reduction in the pulmonary valve gradient in both group v mm hg and group v mm hg on intermediate term follow up months residual PV gradients were significantly lower in group mm hg than in group mm hg suggesting that restenosis was more common after dilatation with small balloons these data suggest that although the immediate results with either small or C1 balloons are good balloons that are larger than the pulmonary valve annulus produce more sustained relief of pulmonary stenosis further analysis within the group treated with larger balloons showed that the subgroup with a balloonannulus ratio of had more recurrences of stenosis need for repeat balloon dilatation and larger number of patients with residual pulmonary valve gradients greater than mm hg than subgroups with balloonannulus ratios for diameters of greater than and greater than in which there were no recurrences balloons that were times the size of the PV annulus had no additional advantage over the other subgroups namely and these results and reports of damage to the RA VVI outflow tract by oversized balloons indicate that balloons that give a balloonannulus ratio are the best for dilatation of the PV
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the purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of her C2 in US guided fineneedle aspiration biopsy usfna aspirates of axillary CL NO alns in the determination of CL node metastasis or the characterization of primary breast CA and to correlate the her levels in usfna aspirates fnahers of M1 alns with the her statuses of corresponding primary breast cancers an institutional review board approved the study between january and october patients with alns examined by usfna were included fnahers of alns were measured by CL immunoassay and they were correlated with cytologicfinal diagnoses receiver operating characteristics roc curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic ability to differentiate benign and M1 alns additionally fnahers of metastatic alns were correlated with her status and other clinicopathologic variables of the primary breast cancers among the alns were M1 and were benign the mean fnaher ngml of metastatic alns was higher than that of benign alns all benign alns showed no measurable value of fnaher ngml the area under the roc curves of fnaher of alns was for the diagnosis of aln metastasis the fnaher statuses of metastatic alns were concordant with the her statuses of the corresponding primary breast cancers in a subgroup analysis of herpositive cancers with aln metastasis distant metastasis was significantly associated with fnahernegativity of metastatic alns p although fnaher of alns did not improve the diagnostic performance of fna cytology in preoperative diagnosis of aln metastasis of overall patients fnaherpositive metastatic alns were significantly associated with herpositivity of primary breast cancers additionally fnaher analysis of aln may help to develop more personalized treatment protocol for breast cancer patients by determining the concordance or discordance of her status between primary cancers and metastatic alns
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in an attempt to clarify the clinical significance of atrial natriuretic peptide anp in man plasma C2 of immunoreactive anp were studied in patients with HR diseases and in those with chronic renal failure when anp concentrations in pulmonary arterial plasma were compared with hemodynamic variables in patients with heart diseases who underwent cardiac catheterization a significant positive rho was found between plasma anp levels and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure while plasma anp levels were not significantly correlated to mean right atrial pressure mrap T3 the i.t. of contrast medium both mrap and plasma anp levels increased and a significant positive correlation was observed between two variables plasma C2 of anp were elevated in patients with congestive heart failure according to the severity in addition patients associated with atrial fibrillation showed significantly higher plasma anp levels than those on SR in patients with paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias plasma anp C2 increased markedly during paroxysms patients with chronic renal failure had elevated plasma anp levels which fell T3 hemodialysis these results suggest that both left and RA atrial tissue can secrete anp as a result of stretching of the cardiocytes in man and that plasma anp levels are elevated in patients with CHF and in those with chronic renal failure by increased atrial pressure due to VE abnormal atrial contraction per se in addition may stimulate anp secretion
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LIF lif is an ERP treatment for selected patients in acute thromboembolic occlusion of the middle CBF i.a. vertebrobasilar system or ophthalmic artery however the riskbenefit ratio of thrombolysis in patient subgroups requires classification advanced age has been regarded as a prognostic factor for poor clinical outcome we report our experience with lif in seven patients with a mean age of years range years who represented thromboembolic occlusion of the BA middle CBF or pericallosal arteries we discuss why T3 age need not contraindicate lif
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mode of the splitting of the S2 iis and left ventricular systolic time intervals stis in patients pts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were compared with those in hypertension ht with the global hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall fortyseven pts with HCM cardiomyopathy nonobstructive type hcm pts obstructive type hocm pts and pts with ht were studied the pts with hcm were classified as septal hypertrophic type pts and apical HCM type pts on the basis of the echocardiographic findings the pts with hocm were classified as resting type pts and latent type provoked by amyl nitrite pts on the basis of the obstructive sign at rest mode of the splitting of the iis a the pts with hcm showed a wide splitting of the iis the mean split interval during held expiration iiaiip was msec twenty pts showed abnormal respiratory splitting the mean iiaiip interval in septal hypertrophic type msec was significantly wider than that in apical hypertrophic type msec p less than there was a positive rho between iiaiip interval and the thickness of the upper portion of the interventricular septum r b nine out of pts with resting type of hocm showed a paradoxical reversed splitting with a mean iiaiip interval of msec on the other hand pts with latent type showed a wide splitting similar to hcm with a mean iiaiip interval of msec c the pts with ht showed a single iis or physiological splitting the mean iiaiip interval was msec which was significantly decreased than that of normals or the pts with hcm p less than left VVI systolic time intervals a the pts with an either type of hcm showed a short corrected left ventricular electromechanical systole qiiac due to the shortening of the QTc left VVI ET lvetc b the pts with resting type of hocm showed a long qiiac due to the prolongation of lvetc but latent type showed the same change as in hcm c the pts with ht showed a tendency of prolongation of qiiac due to slightly short lvetc and long corrected preejection period pepc FS of the LV fs and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening mean vcf calculated from echocardiograms were significantly greater in both types of hcm than those in normals and ht p less than left ventricular EDV dimension was significantly decreased in the pts with septal HCM type of hcm than in othersabstract truncated at words
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this is a descriptive T0 showing the threedimensional interrelationship of cytoskeletal elements at the apex of ciliated cells of rat respiratory epithelium tissue specimens were serially thin sectioned in various planes and examined by transmission electron microscopy thicker sections were also cut at various angles and analyzed stereoscopically other specimens were cleared of soluble molecules by glycerination or tritonx treatment and sectioned as described above it was found that c MTs from the triplets of each basal body diverge from the a and b microtubules run a short distance and converge at the basal foot these microtubules or other MTs arising anew then dispersed deeper into the cytoplasm the c SF also interdigitated with other microtubules running perpendicular to them and parallel to the ciliated surface tennanometer intermediate filaments were organized in parallel sheets between adjacent basal HB sixnanometer AFs were distributed throughout the apical cytoplasm neighboring basal HB were linked to one another by MTs and microfilaments basal HB from each cell appear to be structured for stability flexibility and arranged to operate as a single unit
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a lactation trial was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing whole safflower seeds ss on ruminal fermentation lactational performance and milk HFA fa profiles nine multiparous holstein cows days in milk ± were used in a replicated à latin square design each period lasted d with d of adaptation and d of data collection within square cows were randomly assigned to a CS of dietary treatments as follows cottonseed total mixed ration tmr cst conventional ss variety s tmr csst and nutrasaff ss safflower technologies international sidney mt tmr nsst diets contained approximately forage alfalfa hay grass hay and CS and concentrate supplemented with cottonseed to the cst and conventional or nutrasaff ss to the csst or the nsst respectively NI of DM dm averaged kgd and did not differ across diets but feeding the nsst decreased NI of neutral detergent fiber ndf due to lower dietary concentration of ndf in the nsst digestibilities of dm and nutrients were similar among treatments no differences in yields of milk or milk components were observed in response to supplementing ss dietary treatments did not affect ruminal ph total or molar proportions of ruminal volatile fa and ammonian however cows fed ss had a higher molar proportion of isobutyrate than those fed the cst diet ruminal c fa concentration increased with the cst whereas c cis and c n tended to increase with ss supplementation indicating that conventional and nutrasaff ss were partially protected from microbial biohydrogenation supplementing ss decreased milk c concentration whereas it increased c cis and c trans milk fa c trans and cis trans conjugated LA acid increased and tended to increase with FF the nsst respectively but not the csst diet in conclusion supplementing diets with whole ss at of dietary dm can be an effective strategy of fat supplementation to lactating dairy cows without negative effects on lactational performance and milk fa profiles
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functional disability was evaluated in a crosssection sample of persons aged or years attending the local health ECU of borgo san dalmazzo cuneo italy by the oecd organization for economic cooperation and OD questionnaire the unidimensionality of the item set and grading order of severity were studied by MCA cumulativeness was examined by guttman scaleanalysis the oecd set measured two dimensions of disability PCS and sensorial by excluding the six items that caused the greatest loss of homogeneity a reduced set of ten items was obtained that was cumulative reproducibility coefficient and scalability coefficient and also produced a simpler score points scale based on this score of the subjects presented no disability in running metres the most difficult task and males were less disabled than females p the level of PET disability was slightly decreased in males and nearly uniform in females up to years T3 which a clear decrease appeared p the more disabled aged state a need for a higher number of CHS i.t. and physical therapy nursing hospital nursing home physician but knowledge and use of these services are not clearly related to PF based on our results the choice of scaling appears irrelevant if the homogeneity of the item set is checked if the cumulative criterion is identified the use of a simplified cumulative score can be proposed as a CS measure of disability and indirectly the amount of personal assistance needed
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in order to better understand the regulation of cd antigen on the surface of the monocytelike cell line u in response to bacteria the expression and regulation of cd antigen on these cells when cultured with formalinkilled bacteria were determined using the monoclonal antibody my and analyzed by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method cd expression was induced on the u cells after about hours of culture with all of the formalinkilled GNB used in this T0 but with none of the grampositive bacteria maximum expression was obtained after culture with formalinkilled SE strain various cytokines such as interleukin beta interleukin interleukin interferongamma and tumornecrosis factoralpha were assayed in the SC supernatant of u cells cultured with or without formalinkilled SE using an enzymeimmunoassay or radioimmunoassay system the u cells were found to produce a C1 amount of interleukin in response to formalinkilled SE on the other hand SC supernatant referred to as conditioned medium obtained from the u cells T3 h of culture with formalinkilled SE also induced strong expression of cd antigen to h later and this was blocked by the addition of antihuman interleukin antibody these findings suggest that the expression of cd antigen on the surface of u cells cultured with formalinkilled GNB is induced by interleukin and can be explained on the basis of the autocrine mechanism of interleukin
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spinocerebellar ataxia is a progressive degenerative genetic disease caused by an expanded cag trinucleotide TR on the chromosome resulting in production of an abnormal protein called ataxin there is no known effective management or cure in biomedicine for this genetic disease in the present T0 a case of sca that was treated with ayurvedic intervention is reported ayurvedic treatments in this case were directed towards alleviating symptoms and to reduce severe disability due to progressive nature of disease a year old male patient was diagnosed for vÄta vyÄdhi group of various neurological disorders and was treated with ÅÄlisastika pinda svedana sudation with bolus of medicated cooked rice for days Åirobasti sudation of head with the help of a cap on head with aÅvagandhÄ taila for days and balÄdi ksÄ«ra basti enema with medicated milk with aÅvagandhÄ taila anuvÄsana enema with oil for days in karma basti krama days regime of purification and oleation enema along with a combination of ayurvedic oral drugs which consisted of brahadvÄtacintÄmanirasa mg vasantÄmaltÄ« rasa mg daÅamÅ«la kvÄtha ml aÅvagandhÄ cÅ«rá¹a powder of WS dunal g amrtÄ cÅ«rá¹a powder of TC willd mg muktÄÅukti pisti mg yogarÄja guggulu mg twice a day for months patients condition was assessed on the scale for assessment and rating of ataxia sara before treatment mean sara score was this reduced to T3 treatment good relief in dysarthria fasciculation heaviness in eye blurred vision axial tremor constipation and quality of life were observed in this case
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echocardiographic measures of left VVI lv function and structure as well as left atrial size have been reported to predict adverse cardiovascular disease cvd outcomes although anatomic changes of the aortic root are likely to reflect effects of hypertension and atherosclerosis few data are available on the predictive value of aortic root dimension ard for outcome in freeliving populations the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether in a cohort of patients aged or years ard was associated with traditional coronary heart disease chd risk AF and with year incident cvd outcomes in the national heart lung and blood institutesponsored cardiovascular health study freeliving black and WM and women or years of age without prevalent cvd had dimensional directed mmode echocardiographic measurements of ard as part of a comprehensive evaluation ard was associated with age and gender greater in men but not race ard was also positively associated with diastolic blood pressure lv hypertrophy L1 electrocardiographic CA and other echocardiographic measures including lv mass ventricular septal and PW thickness and lv dimension after adjustment for other known risk factors high ard was associated with an increased risk for incident CHF chf in men hazard ratio for upper compared with all other quintiles p stroke in men and women hazard ratio per cm p cvd mortality in men and women hazard ratio per cm p and total mortality in men and women taking antihypertensive medications hazard ratio per cm p but not with incident myocardial infarction mi hazard ratio p in conclusion in a cohort of patients aged or years without clinical cvd at baseline ard was associated with several chd risk factors and measures of subclinical disease and was predictive of incident chf stroke cvd mortality and allcause mortality but not of incident mi
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the in vitro antimicrobial activity of cephamycin eg cefmetazole and cephalosporin such as cefazolin CTM cefamandole and CPZ alone and in combination was studied employing strains of methicillinsensitive staphylococcus aureus mssa and strains of MR staphylococcus aureus mrsa using the checkerboard agar dilution method strong synergism was demonstrable in a majority of mssa and mrsa strains for cefmetazole combined with these cephalosporins with the minimum fractional inhibitory concentration index or in the presence of a concentration or microgramsml of these cephalosporins in muellerhinton agar medium the activity of cefmetazole against mrsa was most prominently potentiated by cefotiam followed by CMD cefazolin and CPZ at a concentration of microgramsml cefotiam and cefamandole showed a similar effect in potentiation of cefmetazole activity in hypertonic agar medium containing nacl these synergistic combination effects were reduced however the activity of CMZ and cefamandole in combination under these conditions was influenced to a lesser extent and more potent than that of other combinations
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a rapid whole blood test has been developed for circulating antibodies to HIV virus type hiv based on agglutination of autologous red blood cells DUE of the test revealed that of SP hiv patients both asymptomatic and aids cases were detected n with a specificity of in healthy blood donors n the CA uses an fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody specifically directed against glycophorin a transmembrane glycoprotein present on the surface of human red blood cells this antired blood cell fab is conjugated via the interheavy chain cysteines to a synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunodominant epitope of the hiv viral coat protein gp addition of this reagent to microliters of whole blood results in the fabpeptide conjugate coating the red blood cells with peptide in the presence of circulating antibodies to the hiv peptide red cell agglutination occurs within min the sensitivity and specificity of this reagent indicate that it is AGA for use as a rapid diagnostic test for hiv seropositivity
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excitatory amino acids eaa mainly glutamate and AST are released in excessive amounts from terminals of ischemic or traumatically injured neurons these excessive C2 of eaas initiate a cascade of events believed to lead to secondary delayed damage to the surrounding BB the nmethyldaspartate receptor antagonists mk and ketamine are reported to suppress excessive eaa PR and to attenuate the OD of focal BB edema following neuronal injury magnesium is also reported to work at the postsynaptic receptor to reduce the neurotoxic effect of glu the present T0 was undertaken to examine the effect of postinjury treatment with mg on BE and neurological outcome T3 traumatic BB injury sixtynine rats that survived HAL anesthesia and closed head trauma cht were randomly assigned to one of seven experimental groups sham cht and cht with administration of mg hour postinjury at hours brain tissue mg concentration calculated from optical density using a standard curve was significantly increased compared to baseline C2 mgg vs mgg p calculated by oneway analysis of variance also at hours postinjury BB tissue specific gravity in the contused hemisphere of mgtreated rats was significantly greater than that in the contused hemisphere of untreated rats indicating attenuation of BE formation by mg the neurological severity score nss of rats treated with mg improved significantly at both and hours compared to baseline values obtained hour T3 cht but prior to administration of mg vs p and vs p respectively in the untreated groups the nss at and hours was not significantly different from baseline values that is no neurological improvement the present T0 indicates that postinjury treatment with mg attenuates brain edema formation and improves neurological outcome after experimental cht
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although erectile dysfunction ed in older subjects needs a holistic approach the pathophysiology consists mainly in chronic ischemia with deterioration of cavernous smooth muscles followed by OD of corporeal fibrosis therefore phosphodiesterase type pde inhibition enhancing vasodilatation in corpora cavernosa represents a firstline therapy for ed pde is in fact the major cgmp hydrolizing enzyme in penile corpus cavernosum the mechanisms of action the pharmacokinetics and the contraindications of selective pde inhibitors are described in details furthermore attention is focused on the interaction of pde inhibitors on hypothalamuspituitary gonadol hpg function finally considering that androgens may influence sexual behavior by modifying the CNS system neurotransmitter targeted system the potentiation of pde inhibitors with testosterone supplementation may be considered to improve EF and SQ of life in older males
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corn stover is a domestic feedstock that has potential to produce significant quantities of fuel ethanol and other bioenergy and biobased products however comprehensive yield and carbon mass balance information and validated kinetic models for dilutesulfuric acid hso pretreatment of corn stover have not been available this has hindered the estimation of process economics and also limited the ability to perform technoeconomic modeling to guide research to better characterize pretreatment and assess its kinetics we pretreated corn stover in a continuous td reactor corn stover was pretreated at ww solids concentration over a range of conditions encompassing residence times of min temperatures of degrees c and hso concentrations of ww xylan conversion yield and carbon mass balance data were collected at each run condition performance results were used to estimate kinetic model parameters assuming biphasic hemicellulose hydrolysis and a hydrolysis mechanism incorporating formation of intermediate xylooligomers in addition some of the pretreated solids were tested in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ssf process to measure the CR of their cellulose component to enzymatic digestion by cellulase enzymes monomeric xylose yields of and total xylose yields monomers and oligomers of were achieved with performance level depending on pretreatment severity cellulose conversion yields in ssf of were obtained for some of the most digestible pretreated solids
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although betaestradiol administration following traumahemorrhage prevents the suppression in splenic macrophage cytokine production it remains unknown whether the salutary effects are mediated via estrogen receptor eralpha or erbeta and which signaling pathways are involved in such betaestradiol effects utilizing eralpha or erbetaspecific agonists this T0 examined the role of eralpha and erbeta in betaestradiolmediated restoration of macrophage cytokine production following traumahemorrhage in addition since mapk and nfkappab are known to regulate macrophage cytokine production we also examined the activation of those signaling molecules male rats untrate an early reliance on perceptual information for verb mapping and an emerging tendency to weight speaker information more heavily over developmental time
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the C1 and recent migrations of the main vector of the chikungunya virus aedes albopictus raise questions about the epidemiological impact of possible microevolutionary changes in new territories quantitative traits are suitable to detect such changes as induced by environmental adaptations local competition and founder effects using landmarkbased geometric morphometrics we compared the size and shape of populations females of ae albopictus the collection sites covered five countries around the world with special emphasis on asia which is assumed to be the origin of the vector some collections came from places where an important epidemic outbreak of chikungunya has recently occurred quantitative comparisons were based on anatomical landmarks on the wing to contrast geographic and possible interspecific shape variation close species were introduced in the sample namely five aedes riversi and nine ae flavopictus from japan the three species had similar size but they were clearly separated by shape within ae albopictus there was GA agreement on size variation with the available climatic data shape R2 was less related to climatic data than to either geography or a known itinerary of past territorial expansion thus two main clusters were distinguished by wing shape variation the first one composed of the southeast asian sample the second one grouping japan florida hawaii and the reunion island samples the SEA countries assumed to be at the origin of the geographic expansion of the mosquito had similar wings and constituted a distinct group where localities clustered into RNA and southern localities contrasting with this homogeneous group very distant localities such as united states us and japan shared a common shape DP the us ae albopictus samples hawaii and florida were indeed very similar to the japanese samples with florida behaving exactly like a RNA japanese locality close to tokyo and yokohama shape proximity among these distant Az could be explained by a common and relatively recent ancestor as generally suggested in the literature the three reunion island samples conformed a group external to the southeast asian countries loosely connected to the remaining localities thus areas where recent epidemics took place the reunion island and the southernmost localities of thailand did not cluster together but represented separate CG in sum the size of the wing was apparently under the influence of climatic AF while its shape could contribute information on species and geographic differences apparent departures from expectations based on geography were explained by known past and present migratory routes these patterns of shape R2 were compatible with genetic drift suggesting microevolutionary changes probably induced by the expansion of the ae albopictus mosquito
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several staphylococcal toxins are among a growing number of immunostimulatory molecules called superantigens because of their ability when presented by appropriate major DLA class ii accessory cells to activate essentially all t cells bearing particular tcell receptor v beta gene segments we have examined the ability of mu ELC andor KCs to act as accessory cells in the tcell response to the superantigens SEB and ET also known as epidermolysin purified mu splenic t cells were stimulated with SEB or exfoliative toxin in the presence of langerhans cellsenriched epidermal cells from NM or epidermal cells isolated from mice pretreated with recombinant interferongamma a procedure that induces the expression of H-2 complex class ii molecules on keratinocytes the data show that both langerhans cells and class iibearing keratinocytes can act as accessory cells in the tcell response to SEB and exfoliative toxin we also observed that both human and mu KCs cultured in the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin b or ET produce increased amounts of cytokines capable of stimulating thymocytes and d cells and that this toxin activity is independent of the level of expression of class ii on keratinocytes studies by enzymelinked immunosorbent CA showed that SEB stimulates keratinocytes to produce tumor necrosis factoralpha but not interleukin suggesting TN factoralpha and perhaps other cytokines are responsible for the tcell proliferative activity these results demonstrate that two distinct epidermal constituents ie langerhans cells and keratinocytes can serve as accessory cells in the responses of TA to superantigenic bacterial toxins it is possible that such toxins contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of skin diseases by either locally activating t cells bearing particular v beta genes andor enhancing keratinocyte production of immunomodulatory cytokines
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there are many examples in physics of systems showing rogue wave behaviour the generation of high amplitude events at low probability although initially studied in oceanography rogue waves have now been seen in many other domains with particular recent interest in optics although most studies in optics have focussed on how nonlinearity can drive rogue wave emergence purely linear effects have also been shown to induce extreme wave amplitudes in this paper we report a detailed exp T0 of linear rogue waves in an optical system using a spatial light modulator to impose random phase structure on a coherent optical field T3 free space propagation different random intensity patterns are generated including partiallydeveloped speckle a broadband caustic network and an intermediate DP with characteristics of both speckle and caustic structures intensity peaks satisfying statistical criteria for rogue waves are seen especially in the case of the caustic network and are associated with broader spatial spectra in addition the electric field statistics of the intermediate DP shows properties of an optical sea with neargaussian statistics in elevation amplitude and troughtocrest statistics that are nearrayleigh distributed but with an D2 tail where a number of rogue wave events are observed
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the cheetah lineage is a group of C1 slender and longlimbed cats with a distinctive skull and dental morphology of which only the extant cheetah acinonyx jubatus is present today the lineage is characterized by having abbreviated tall and domed crania and a trenchant dentition with a much reduced posteriorly placed protocone on the upper carnassial in this article we report on a new discovery of a late pliocene specimen from china with an estimated age of approximately million years making it one of the oldest specimens known to date a cladistic analysis confirmed that it is the most primitive cheetah known and it shares a number of unambiguous derived cranial traits with the acinonyx lineage but has more primitive dentition than previously known cheetahs demonstrating that the many unusual skull and dental characters hitherto considered characteristic of cheetahs evolved in a gradual fashion isolated teeth of primitive cheetahs may not be recognizable as such but can be confused with for instance those of leopards or other similarsized pantherine cats or pumas the age and morphology of the new specimen supports an old world origin of the cheetah lineage no significantly lower in the candesartan group than in the vehicle group the renal sympathetic nerve activity in the insulin group was also lower than in the VH group there were no significant differences in linear correlation among the CG in contrast the nonlinear correlations between renal SNA and blood pressure in the candesartan group and the insulin group were significantly higher than in the vehicle group candesartan and insulin decreased RNA and increased the nonlinearity these results suggest that reducing the activity of reninangiotensin system and insulin that lowers blood gl level may improve autonomic nervous system dysfunction and neurohumoral regulation of the CVS in diabetic hypertensive rats
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quantitation of AIDS aidsrelated virusbearing cells was analyzed by a newly developed plaqueforming CA a chemically Ad htlvipositive mt cell ML was used as the cytolytic responder cells to the aidsvirus infection when aidsvirusinfected cells molthtlviii hhtlviii and cemlav were seeded with mt cells plaques were observed corresponding to the number of htlviiipositive cells plated plaque formation was inhibited by the addition of antihtlviiipositive serum neutralizing antibody to the agarose medium these data suggest that this plaqueforming assay technique should be useful for the quantitative analysis of aidsvirusbearing cells
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total glucosides of peony tgp an AS compound extracted from the roots of paeonia lactiflora pall has wide pharmacological effects on nervous system here we examined the effects of tgp on EAE eae an established MM of multiple sclerosis ms the results showed that tgp can reduce the severity and progression of eae in c bl mice in addition tgp also downregulated the thth inflammatory response and prevented the reduced expression of brainderived neurotrophic factor and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase of eae these findings suggest that tgp could be a potential therapeutic agent for ms
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a new polyvalent MCV mcv was po to stage iiia and iv american joint committee on cancer melanoma patients induction of cellmediated and humoral immune responses to common melanomaassociated antigens present on autologous melanoma cells was observed in patients receiving the new mcv this was accompanied by increased activation of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes survival correlated significantly with delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity p and antibody responses to mcv p of patients with evaluable disease nine had regressions three complete from our historical database of stage iiia and stage iv melanoma patients there were no significant changes in the natural PH of metastatic melanoma during the past years univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated prognostic significance for site of metastases p and immunotherapy with the new mcv p overall our new mcv increased the median and year survival of stage iiia melanoma patients with regional soft tissue metastases twofold p and stage iv patients threefold p compared with previous immunotherapy and other treatments
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water use efficiency wue of flag leaf of different genetic material was measured by lca MM photosynthesis apparatus the results show as follows the order of flag leaf wue of different chromosome set is aa bb dd rr among twenty chinese spring ditelosomic the flag leaf wue of a ditelosomic set is the highest the high wue genes locate on al al as and as chromosome arm among seven wheats cereals addition lines the high wue gene locates on r chromosome the flag leaf wue of r chromosome is the lowest in the end of this paper the research advance of stress resistance gene location on the fourth chromosome set of triticum was discussed
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a restrictive left VVI filling pattern is generally recognized as an ominous prognostic sign in patients with congestive HR failure recently this filling DP has been further categorized into reversible and irreversible CG according to the changes in the mitral inflow pattern after preload reduction furthermore the prognosis is reported to be different for the two groups fortytwo patients with a restrictive left ventricular filling DP who could adequately perform valsalvas maneuver were studied baseline peak early e and late a mitral inflow velocities ea ratio deceleration time of e velocity peak early e and late a diastolic MA velocities and ea ratio were obtained during valsalvas maneuver the ea ratio reversed in fifteen patients these patients were categorized as belonging to the reversible group among the baseline mitral inflow and MA velocity parameters a ms best discriminated between the reversible and irreversible restrictive left VVI filling patterns with a sensitivity of and a specificity of
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interleukin il triggers pivotal pathways in vivo the designer protein hyperil hil fuses the soluble il receptor silr through an intermediate linker with il the intracellular pathways that are triggered by hil are not defined yet therefore we studied the molecular mechanisms leading to hildependent gene activation hil stimulates HPT mrna expression in hepg cells which is transcriptionally mediated as assessed by runoff experiments the increase in haptoglobin gene transcription correlates with higher nuclear translocation of tyrosinephosphorylated stat and its dna binding as hil stimulates statdependent gene transcription we compared the molecular mechanism between il and hil transfection experiments were performed with a statdependent luciferase construct the same amount of hil stimulated luciferase activity faster stronger and for a longer period of time dose response experiments showed that a fold lower dose of hil stimulated statdependent gene transcription comparable with the higher amount of il cotransfection with the gp andor gp receptor revealed that the effect of hil on statdependent gene transcription is restricted to the gpgp receptor ratio high amounts of gp increased and high amounts of gp decreased the effect on hildependent gene transcription to investigate the in vivo effect of hil on gene transcription in the CL hil and il were injected into ch mice hil was at least fold more effective in stimulating the dna binding and nuclear translocation of stat which enhances HPT mrna and protein expression thus hil stimulates statdependent gene transcription in liver cells in vitro and in vivo at least fold more effectively than il our results provide evidence that hil is a promising designer protein for therapeutic MI during different pathophysiological conditions also in humans
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a growing body of evidence suggests that muscle cell caveolae may CF as specialized membrane microdomains in which the dystrophinglycoprotein complex and cellular signaling molecules reside caveolin cav is the only caveolin family member expressed in striated muscle cell types cardiac and skeletal interestingly skeletal muscle fibers from cav KO mice show a number of myopathic changes consistent with a mildtomoderate muscular dystrophy phenotype however it remains unknown whether a loss of cav affects the phenotypic behavior cardiac myocytes in vivo here we present a detailed characterization of the NF of cav KO mice we show that these mice develop a progressive cardiomyopathic phenotype at four months of age cav knockout hearts display significant hypertrophy dilation and reduced FS as revealed by gated cardiac mri and TTE histological analysis reveals marked cardiac myocyte hypertrophy with accompanying cellular infiltrates and progressive interstitialperivascular fibrosis interestingly loss of cav expression in the HR does not NC the expression or the membrane association of the dystrophinglycoprotein dg complex however a marker of the dg complex alphasarcoglycan was specifically excluded from lipid raft domains in the absence of cav because activation of the rasp mapk pathway in cardiac myocytes can drive CH we next assessed the activation state of this pathway using a phosphospecific antibody probe we show that p mapk erk is hyperactivated in NF derived from cav knockout mice these results are consistent with previous in vitro data demonstrating that caveolins may function as negative regulators of the p mapk cascade taken together our data argue that loss of cav expression is sufficient to induce a molecular program leading to cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy
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the effects of phorbol esters on the ltype IT ical were investigated using nystatinperforated patch and standard wholecell Vc clamp in uterine smooth muscle cells isolated from latepregnant rats using nystatinperforated patch to maintain the integrity of the cytosol components phorbol myristate acetate pma nm increased ical when the standard wholecell Vc clamp was used the effect of pma was dependent on the ca concentration in the pipette solution pma enhanced ical at pca and pca but not at pca or pca the effect of pma was reversed by a selective inhibitor of protein kinase c calphostinc nm it is concluded that phorbol esters stimulate ical in uterine muscle cells and that the isoform of protein kinase c involved in this effect is ca dependent this mechanism may be involved in the regulation of uterine contraction during pregnancy
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