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the purpose of this T0 was to evaluate the usefulness and safety of multidetectorrow computed tomography mdct pulmonary angiography and indirect venography management of acute pulmonary embolism pe including indication for IVC ivc filter
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seventeen patients were examined reoperated on for correction of fallots tetralogy on the open heart after a previous aortopulmonary anastomosis pressure support ventilation psv was used in all patients during transfer to spontaneous pressure making use of different C2 of pressure support and mm ho decrease of pressure support from mm ho to mm ho resulted in a sharp increase of cardiac index we explain this phenomenon by a drastic increase of the respiratory volume during the use of high psv C2 mm ho surpassing times the physiological and agespecific norm this leads to a sharp increase of the mean i.t. pressure disturbing the cardiovascular function
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the influence of T0 condition on the fate of pharmaceutical and personal care products ppcps in a singlesludge nitrifyingdenitrifying pilot plant was assessed volatilisation sorption and degradation were included in the mass balances to determine the most relevant removal mechanisms during ppcp treatment sludge retention time srt was an important factor for the removal of compounds that significantly sorb onto sludge as ethinylestradiol whose removal increased when working at srt above d the internal recirculation ratio was significant for the removal of moderately biodegradable EDC as citalopram the positive effect of operating at warmer temperatures was particularly significant for two antibiotics implying a increase in their transformations in the case of naproxen an influence of sludge acclimation and concentration was observed leading to removal efficiencies from to concerning removal mechanisms most EDC were removed due to biotransformation although for fragrances sorption and volatilisation played a role
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NPY y npy coexists with vasopressin or oxytocin in MCNs of the hypothalamoneurohypophysial tract using quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry we have studied the effects of adrenalectomy and chronic osmotic stimulation either CT or in combination on npy mrna expression and npy immunoreactivity in MCNs of the hypothalamic paraventricular pvn and supraoptic son nuclei and arcuate nucleus arc ADX and chronic osmotic stimulation each increased npy mrna C2 in magnocellular SN of the pvn and son while the combination of both treatments had an additive effect in the arc only the combination of ADX and chronic osmotic stimulation increased npy mrna levels chronic osmotic stimulation also resulted in a marked increase of npyimmunoreactive magnocellular perikarya in the pvn and son in contrast adrenalectomy had only minor effects on the number of NPY-IR magnocellular pvnson perikarya neither chronic osmotic stimulation nor ADX affected the number of NPY-IR arc perikarya however adrenalectomy decreased the number of NPY-IR nerve terminals in the external zone of the ME while chronic osmotic stimulation increased the number of immunoreactive nerve SF in the internal zone of the ME the present T0 provides evidence that ADX and chronic osmotic stimulation can separately influence npy gene transcription in magnocellular hypothalamoneurohypophysial neurons while only the combined effect of ADX and chronic osmotic stimulation increases npy mrna expression in neurons of the arc
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slow conduction and unidirectional conduction block ucb are key mechanisms of reentry following abrupt changes in heart rate dynamic changes of conduction velocity cv and structurally determined ucb may critically influence arrhythmogenesis using patterned cultures of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes grown on microelectrode arrays we investigated the dynamics of cv in linear strands and the behavior of ucb in tissue expansions following an abrupt decrease in PCL cl ionic mechanisms underlying ratedependent conduction changes were investigated using the panditclarkgilesdemir MM in linear strands cv gradually decreased upon a reduction of cl from ms to ms in contrast at very short cls ms cv first decreased before increasing again the simulations suggested that the initial conduction slowing resulted from gradually increasing action potential duration apd decreasing diastolic intervals and increasing postrepolarization refractoriness which impaired na current ina REC only at very short cls did apd subsequently shorten again due to increasing nak pump current secondary to intracellular na accumulation which caused REC of cv across tissue expansions the degree of ucb gradually increased at cls of ms whereas at cls of ms it first increased and subsequently decreased in the simulations reduction of inward currents caused by increasing intracellular na and ca concentrations contributed to ucb progression which was reversed by increasing nak pump activity in conclusion cv and ucb follow intricate dynamics upon an abrupt decrease in cl that are determined by the interplay among ina REC postrepolarization refractoriness apd changes ion accumulation and nak pump CF
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hajducheney syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of acroosteolysis skull deformities characteristic facial abnormalities OP joint laxity early loss of teeth hearing loss and a hoarse voice we report on an yearold boy with hajducheney syndrome and cystic kidney disease congenital heart disease hydrocephalus CLP hydrosyringomyelia club feet splenomegaly hypospadias vertebral anomalies and upper airway obstruction a review of patients did not uncover any other patients with all of these manifestations nor any patient with upper airway obstruction hajducheney syndrome appears to encompass a broader phenotype than previously recognized the documentation of these additional anomalies is valuable because the findings of acroosteolysis and OP can present later in the course
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rates of menstrual disorders were studied in female production workers with high exposure to toluene mean range ppm in a factory manufacturing audio speakers and compared with a control group of female production workers in other departments in the same factory who had little or no SE to toluene ppm an external community control group of working class women under routine care at public maternal and child health centres were also studied detailed menstrual and reproductive histories were obtained by personal interview using a structured questionnaire the rates for dysfunctional uterine one cycle irregularity and prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding were similar in all CG dysmenorrhoea seemed to occur more often in the women highly exposed to toluene compared with women at maternal and child health centres but not compared with factory controls with low SE to toluene there was no evidence that dysfunctional uterine bleeding was likely to result from SE to toluene it is uncertain whether dysmenorrhoea was associated specifically with SE to toluene as other behavioural and work related factors may also result in dysmenorrhoea
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since the first successful attempts of emergency endovascular aneurysm repair eevar for patients with ruptured aaas in the mid s surgeons have had to decide whether to treat patients by conventional open surgery or by minimally invasive but technically more demanding eevar to date selection of patients for eevar is still heavily debated and factors like hemodynamic instability fear of treatment delay for patient transfer or imaging procedures and logistic issues often lead to the exclusion of anatomically suitable patients from eevar however these adverse factors may be overcome by adherence to an AGA ITT protocol employing the use of a hypotensive hemostatic approach transfemoral aortic balloon occlusion technique when needed different types of devices and an appropriate plan to resolve logistic issues leaving anatomic suitability as the single most important determinant of suitability for evar
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during the first half of gestation in the rat prolactin prl from the anterior PIT gland exerts its luteotropic CF on the ovary to stimulate progesterone secretion during this period betaendorphin stimulates prl secretion by regulation of dopaminergic SN in the hypothalamus during the second half placental lactogens pls take the place of prl in maintenance of pregnancy and initiate a negative FB to suppress prl secretion however the effect of pls on betaendorphinergic neurons is not known the aim of this study was to examine the possibility that pls suppress prl secretion by inhibiting betaendorphinergic neuronal activity to accomplish this aim we examined the changes in the neuronal activity of betaendorphinergic SN in the mediobasal hypothalamus as measured by fos immunoreactivity after manipulating the C2 of prl and pls during pregnancy on day of pregnancy animals received either rcho cells in the lateral IVT that secrete pls or hrp cells as controls in a separate experiment on day hysterectomy was performed to remove the intrinsic source of pls these rats received rcho cells hrp cells or nothing intracerebroventricular icv i.t. of rcho into hysterectomized rats was done to examine the effect of pl replacement shamhysterectomy was also performed as a control animals were sacrificed days T3 each treatment at h h and h brains were used for dual immunocytochemistry of fosbetaendorphin the neuronal activity of betaendorphinergic neurons of hrp icv injected animals showed a daily rhythm with high C2 at h and h and a low level at h these animals also exhibited two surges of prl secretion on day of pregnancy this rhythmicity of betaendorphinergic SN was also observed in rcho icv injected animals which showed very low and unchanging prl C2 however the magnitude of neuronal activity was reduced on day of pregnancy all four exp groups showed diurnal rhythms of betaendorphinergic SN this rhythmicity occurred even though prl was elevated at all three time points in the hysterectomized rats and very low in the rcho icv injected hysterectomized and shamhysterectomized rats our results demonstrate that there is a diurnal rhythm of betaendorphinergic neuronal activity in the MBH during pregnancy in the rat pls might reduce the neuronal activity of betaendorphinergic SN but only during the first half of pregnancy partially explaining the suppression of prl surges
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sodiumpotassium adenosinetriphosphatase nakatpase is modulated by functional demands we determine whether nakatpase specific activity was changed by oral administration of different bile salts and whether upregulation in the liver is due to increased numbers of catalytic units in rats after bile duct drainage for h nakatpase activity was reduced to of control in liver and ileum but unchanged in jejunum and kidney increased nakatpase activity after shortterm FF of bile salts was noted only following trihydroxy bile salts ie taurocholate mg g body wt increased hepatic nakatpase and ileum above control whereas jejunum and kidney were unchanged chronic FF of trihydroxy bile salts for days increased hepatic nakatpase and ALP phosphatase whereas nucleotidase and mgatpase activities were unchanged from control plasma membrane nakatpase activity significantly increased as early as h T3 taurocholate administration whereas homogenate activity did not rise until h both reached a new steady state between and h sixteen hours T3 bile salt feeding increased nakatpase activity was blocked by cycloheximide and in the liver increased CEA was associated with a comparable NC in sodiumdependent gammapatp IB to CL BPM fractions these studies show nakatpase activity adapts selectively in CL and ileum following administration of trihydroxy bile salts and the process involves increased density of nak pump sites on the CL plasma membrane
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little is known about what drives the appearance of lymphoid follicles lfs which may CF as lymphoid organs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd in animal infection models pulmonary lf formation requires expression of homeostatic chemokines by stromal cells and dendritic cells partly via lymphotoxin
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we experienced a case in which the HA catheter system could be used long term even after years and five months there was no damage to the hepatic artery and we could still use this system for IS of the catheter a fine catheter with the tip tapered at f was selected this catheter was inserted into the HA IP branch in the liver after a side hole was created cm from the tip and the side hole was adjusted to stay in the common hepatic artery we speculated that the reason for little injury to the hepatic i.a. was use of a fine catheter despite possible damage to the hepatic artery wall like saw cutting in this case we classified the patterns according to which a catheter damaged the inner wall of the hepatic artery into straight punch type hook punch type whiplash type elbow blow type and saw type
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the sequence of the gene from nocardia sp nrrl encoding gtp cyclohydrolase i gch gch and its adjacent regions was determined the open reading frame of nocardia gch contains nucleotides and the deduced amino acid sequence represents a protein of CAA residues with a calculated molecular mass of da the uncommon start codon ttg was identified by matching the NT CAA CS of purified nocardia gch with the deduced amino acid sequence a likely ribosomal binding site was identified bp upstream of the translational start site the end flank region encodes a peptide that shares high homology with dihydropteroate synthases nocardia gch has and identity to the proteins encoded by the putative gch of mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomyces coelicolor respectively nocardia gch was highly expressed in escherichia coli cells carrying a phat based expression vector and moderately expressed in mycobacterium smegmatis cells carrying a psmt based expression vector enterokinase digestion of recombinant nocardia gch and ingel digestion of nocardia gch and recombinant gch followed by malditofms analysis confirmed that the actual S1 size of the enzyme was kda thus we conclude that the active form of native nocardia gch is a decamer our earlier incorrect conclusion was that the native enzyme was an octamer derived from the anomalous sdspage migration of the S1
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the ability of li na k rb cs mg ca sr ba cu cd al v hg pd au and pt to provoke liquid crystalline lc phases in high molecular weight dna was investigated the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions provoked typical cholestericcolumnar structures whereas transition metal ions precipitated dna into solidtranslucent gellike aggregates heavy metal ions reduced viscosity of dna solution disrupting rigid rodlike dna structure necessary for lc textures threelayer quantum mechanicalmolecular mechanical qmmm studies of li na k mg and ca binding dna fragment suggested several possible IB modes of these ions to the phosphate groups the dianion mode of metal binding involving the phosphate groups of both strands of dna allowed for higher dna IB affinity of the alkaline earth metal ions these results have implications in understanding the biological role of metal ions and developing dnabased sensors and nanoelectronic devices
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the frequency of iapositive t lymphocytes in spontaneously diabetic bb rats was assessed by using monoclonal antibodies and a fluorescenceactivated cell sorter these cells peaked in frequency during the early stages of hyperglycemia with a gradual decline toward normal as the disease PD significantly increased numbers of iapositive t cells were detected in both helper w and cytotoxicsuppressor ox subsets the elevated C2 of iapositive t lymphocytes in these rats may be relevant to the immune destruction of their beta cells
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tion we examined the potential role of the serum response elements sres present in the egr promoter EMS studies using young and old cell nuclear extracts showed a marked decrease in SRF srf binding activity to the sre in old compared to young cells loss of srf binding activity has been correlated with the loss of expression of another growthrelated immediateearly gene cfos these results suggest a common mechanism for the downregulation of cfos egr and other sredependent mitogenresponsive genes during cellular senescence
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oxygen transport from normal and sickle red cells was studied under known and carefully controlled conditions simulating the microcirculation oxygenated red cell suspensions became deoxygenated as they traversed SR artificial capillaries of microns diameter oxygen saturation values of the flowing red cell suspensions were measured at several axial positions along the artificial capillary by use of a MSP technique oxygen saturation decreased with increasing distance from the entrance of the artificial capillary and was influenced strongly by the flow rate under the same hematocrit and flow conditions the rate of oxygen saturation decrease was significantly higher for the sickle CRC than that for the normal red cells similar results were obtained by use of a mathematical simulation of oxygen transport in the microcirculation for both normal and sickle red cells sickle CRC would be expected to have a higher diffusional resistance to oxygen transport than would normal red cells however the higher diffusional resistance is more than offset by the lower oxygen affinity of the sickle cells the difference in P50 appears to account for the difference in oxygen transport rates between normal and sickle red cells
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the sounds associated with the five CP korotkoff phases are clinically important for measuring BP the frequency ranges of the sounds have already been described simply using the overall peak frequencies within each phase by fourier methods however such analysis may be missing potentially useful clinical information the aim of this T0 was to compare features associated with the different phases of the korotkoff sounds obtained during blood pressure measurement using a joint TFA jtfa technique a single operator recorded korotkoff sounds from healthy subjects using a measurement system comprising cardiology stethoscope microphone amplifier and recording system for computer sound digitization and a minidisc system for playback to the cardiologist for korotkoff phase classification we have shown that using this system the phase classification by the cardiologist is repeatable with no significant differences found in the number of sounds allocated to phases on two separate recording assessments the digitized sounds were processed using a matlabbased shorttime fourier transform jtfa technique and differences in time frequency and amplitude characteristics between the phases compared it was found that on average phase iii had the largest overall amplitude and high frequency SE phase ii had the greatest VHF component and longest murmur and was visibly the most complex phase in terms of time and frequency content in contrast phases iv and v had the lowest amplitude and frequency components overall the statistically significant transitions between phases were phase i to ii with increases in VHF to hz p and sound duration to ms p ii to iii with a significant decrease in sound duration to ms p iii to iv with decreases in MA to highest frequency to hz and relative VHF energy of the sounds to all p and iv to v with decreases in the maximum amplitude to p and VHF energy to p this study has demonstrated that joint timefrequency analysis of korotkoff sounds was able to identify characteristic differences associated with the different phases classified by the expert cardiologist ultimately exploiting the joint time and frequency characteristics of the sounds may improve blood pressure measurement and help to assess the stiffness of the peripheral arteries
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malaria is a mosquitoborne infectious disease with diverse clinical manifestations caused by a parasitic protozoan of the genus plasmodium complex interrelationships between mycoplasma species and plasmodium parasites have been previously noted in vitro this is the first report of plasmodium falciparum and mycoplasma pneumoniae coinfection in a human host presenting with cerebral malaria manifesting orofacial dyskinesias and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
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sirtuin sirt is a mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine CpG naddependent deacetylase that reduces oxidative AS by activation of superoxide dismutase sod oxidative stress enhances arterial thrombosis this T0 investigated the effects of genetic sirt deletion on arterial thrombosis in mice in an inflammatory setting and assessed the clinical relevance of these findings in patients with stelevation myocardial infarction stemi
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visceral afferent SN of the nodose and petrosal ganglia are immunoreactive ir for many neurotransmitters eg substance p sp neurokinin a nka CGRP-LI cgrp and dopamine tyrosine hydroxylaseir th coexistence of spir with nka cgrp or thir was studied in individual neurons of the rat ganglia using fluorescence immunocytochemistry sp and nkair were present in equal numbers of cells and were consistently colocalized sp and cgrpir were found to be similarly distributed in scattered cells concentrated mostly in the rostral pole of the nodose ganglion and in the petrosal ganglion spir CR coexisted with cgrpir however there was at least twice the number of cgrpir SN as spir neurons and thus cgrpir neurons that did not contain spir were also present in contrast sp and thir had different distributions in both the nodose and the petrosal ganglia spir was located in the more rostral regions of both the nodose and petrosal ganglia whereas thir was detected throughout the entire NG and only in the most caudal region of the petrosal ganglion there was no coexistence of sp and thir these data demonstrate the differential localization and coexistence of putative transmitters in visceral SNs in the nodose and petrosal ganglia
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the combination of both cl and hco secretion inhibitors causes an accumulation of mucins within the SM gland ducts of acetylcholine achtreated bronchi s k inglis m r corboz a e taylor and s t ballard am j physiol lung cell mol physiol ll suggesting indirectly that these agents block airway gland liquid secretion the present study tested the hypotheses that achstimulated liquid secretion is driven by cl and hco secretion and that inhibition of this process leads to secretion of a dehydrated mucus with altered rheological properties excised distal bronchi from pigs were pretreated with either a combination of cl and hco secretion inhibitors bumetanide acetazolamide dimethylamiloride and diisothiocyanostilbenedisulfonic acid or the dimethyl sulfoxide VH and were then treated with ach to induce secretion the rate of mucus liquid secretion was substantially reduced when the airways were pretreated with the anion secretion inhibitors mucus liquid from inhibitorpretreated airways contained almost threefold more nonvolatile solids than the control liquid rheological analysis revealed that mucus liquid from inhibitorpretreated airways expressed a significantly greater log g rigidity factor whereas tangent delta recoil factor was significantly reduced these results suggest that achinduced liquid secretion in bronchi is driven by both cl and hco secretion and inhibition of achinduced liquid secretion results in the secretion of mucus with a reduced water content and altered rheological properties
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the aim of this pilot T0 was to analyze the interfurcal bone height in relation to the possible need for subsequent sinus floor elevation in patients with T3 periodontitis and furcation involvement of first andor second maxillary molars
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treatment options for older patients with acute myeloid one aml and for patients with relapsedrefractory aml are limited and outcomes are poor decitabine a hypomethylating agent is AS in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome mds and aml but its optimal dose and schedule are unknown we report the efficacy and safety of repeated day cycles of decitabine mgm administered intravenously over h in newly diagnosed and relapsedrefractory patients repeated day cycles of decitabine produced a complete response cr in of newly diagnosed older patients with aml many of whom had adverse prognostic features the median overall survival os was days but there was prolonged survival in NR of days relapsedrefractory patients had a cr rate of with a median os of days EM toxicity was mild and the regimen was well tolerated for ongoing postremission outpatient maintenance cycles responses were durable for over year
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the present investigation tested the hypothesis that multiple withdrawals from chronic ethanol treatment kindles seizure activity two animal models of kindled seizure activityelectrical stimulation of the inferior collicular cortex or the amygdalawere used to evaluate this hypothesis four withdrawals from a day ethanolliquid diet regimen facilitated the seizure kindling rate in the IC SC when the stimulation was initiated days T3 the last withdrawal in contrast four withdrawals from this chronic ethanol regimen significantly attenuated the rate of AM kindling when the withdrawals were increased to six or using a day chronic ethanol treatment schedule the kindling rate in the IC cortex proved directly proportional to the withdrawal number continuous ethanol exposure over the same period as the withdrawal group also facilitated the VPI collicular kindling rate but not to the extent found in the withdrawal group a before withdrawals from the day chronic ethanol liquid diet treatment attenuated the rate of AM kindling thus this kindling action of repeated ethanol withdrawals appears TPS to seizures originating from the inferior collicular cortex not the limbic system these findings support a previous hypothesis for a kindling etiology of ALC related seizures
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more and more medical technologies are becoming available for the early PCD of congenital CA such as amniocentesis chorionic villus sampling and ultrasound scanning recent research has shown that maternal SS can provide a wealth of information on the unborn fetus and that the testing method lends itself to mass screening although screening will prevent a great deal of grief such developments also lead to extreme medicalization of pregnancy however owing to the fact that people show a strong desire to avert every possible approaching calamity the tentative pregnancy seems to be unavoidable
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nacl based solutions were applied as osmotic stress agents to alter the hydration state of the mouse eye fulleye responses to these osmotic challenges were monitored in vivo using a custombuilt optical coherence tomography oct with an extended imaging range of mm dynamic changes in the mouse eye were quantified based on the oct images using several parameters including the CCT cct the anterior chamber depth acd the crystalline lens thickness lt the cornearetina distance crd the iris curvature ic and the lens scattering intensity lsi apparent but reversible changes in the morphology of almost all the ocular components and the CS transparency of the lens are exhibited particularly the ocular dehydration induced by the hypertonic challenges resulted in a closing of the iridocorneal angle and an opacification of the lens our results indicated that the ocular hydration is an important physiological process which might be correlated with various ocular disorders such as dry eye cataract and angleclosure glaucoma and would affect the biometry and imaging of the eye oct uniquely enables the comprehensive T0 of the dynamic fulleye responses to the ocular hydration in vivo
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a thermal threshold measurer ttm apparatus was developed and tested in dry nonpregnant culled cows with the purpose of measuring the thermal nociceptive threshold and of finding the response to morphine sulphate dosages the cows received a cumulative dose from to mgkg bw of morphine sulphate through a catheter in the jugular vein the interval between doses was min and a nociceptive test was performed min after each i.t. the ttm device consisted of a w halogen bulb mounted in a cm pvc tube with a s response time probe attached to its end connected to a thermocouple the probe measured the response temperature on the skin over the middle phalanges on the dorsum of the forefoot the radiating heat stimulus from the bulb was instantaneously terminated with the footlift response of the tested animal the nociceptive response to the mgkg dose was considered the baseline and subsequent measurements were expressed in difference from it data were evaluated in a SRA using the glm procedure a significant elevation p in the nociceptive threshold of the cows with cumulative dosing of morphine sulphate was noticed a high variability p in the response among animals was also detected suggesting that a step dose of morphine sulphate is necessary to achieve a certain degree of induced analgesia in all cows the nociceptive CA described using the ttm device was able to detect an elevation of the thermal threshold of cows due to morphine sulphate induced analgesia an increase in locomotory behaviour or other side effects due to morphine sulphate were not noticed
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homologs of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus orf ac are found in all group i and most group ii npvs but their functions remain unknown in bombyx mori npv bmnpvinfected bmn cells bm a bmnpv homolog of ac is expressed as a late gene and its product is localized in the nucleus to examine the role of bm during bmnpv infection we constructed a bm deletion mutant bmorfd and characterized its infectivity in bmn cells and b mori larvae bmorfd produced far fewer occlusion bodies obs in bmn cells as compared with wildtype bmnpv this reduction is assumed to be mainly due to the transcriptional downregulation of two genes very late expression factor vlf and few polyhedra fpk both of which are required for efficient polyhedrin expression larval bioassays also revealed that bm accelerates death of b mori larvae these results suggest that bm is required for efficient late and very late mRNA
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when diagnosing and treating patients with acute vertigo the clinician must differentiate BB lesions from benign IP disorders we here report a rare case of acute vertigo caused by intracranial VAD mimicking peripheral disease a yearold man presented with spontaneous nystagmus and moderate ataxia preceded by neck pain no other neurological signs were observed suggesting acute peripheral vertigo however magnetic resonance imaging mri demonstrated a cerebellar infarction simultaneous magnetic resonance angiography mra showed no flow void of the left vertebral i.a. and CE-MRA demonstrated a double lumen sign suggesting that VAD was a cause of infarction the clinical course was favorable without anticoagulation drugs which are sometimes contraindicated because of the potential risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage vertebral artery dissection can cause cerebellar infarction in patients without vascular risk factors mimicking acute peripheral vertigo careful PH regarding the neck pain is important and mra in combination with mri can replace angiography in diagnosing this disorder
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cytomegalovirus cmv retinitis a late complication of infection with hiv generally leads to blindness if UT although the retinal damage from cmv cannot be reversed PD can be arrested with any one of three antiviral agents which must be continued indefinitely intravenous ganciclovir and foscarnet the earliest therapies must be po every day and require placement of an indwelling catheter CDV a newly introduced intravenous antiviral requires the least frequent administration T3 two onceaweek induction doses maintenance therapy is given only once every other week however cidofovir is potentially nephrotoxic and must be coadministered with nephroprotective probenecid and saline hydration careful adherence to treatment administration guidelines for cidofovir and probenecid is essential for safe administration of both drugs averting and managing adverse reactions to CDV and PB may present a true nursing challenge however with proper patient selection and appropriate use CDV has the potential to greatly enhance the SQ of life of a patient with cmv retinitis
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although rare both benign and malignant bladder PT are occasionally encountered in the pediatric population in the present article the technique of transurethral needle biopsy which utilizes an gauge CB instrument inserted through a french offset pediatric cystoscope to obtain diagnostic biopsies is described this technique has been used successfully in two patients both of whom had an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor on biopsy and on final pathology from partial cystectomy this provides an alternative technique which may be used when a pediatric resectoscope is not available or in patients with a small caliber urethra
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the adulteration of edible fats is a kind of fraud that impairs the physical and chemical features of the original lipid materials it has been detected in various food pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products differential scanning calorimetry dsc is the robust thermoanalytical machine that permits to fingerprint the primary crystallisation of triacylglycerols tags molecules and their transition behaviours the aims of this T0 was to assess the crosscontamination caused by lard concentration of in the mixture systems containing beef tallow bt and CF cf separately tags species of pure and adulterated lipids in relation to their crystallisation and melting parameters were studied using principal components analysis pca the results showed that by using the heating profiles the discrimination of ld from bt and cf was very clear even at low dose of less than same observation was depicted from the crystallisation profiles of bt adulterated by ld doses ranging from to and from to respectively furthermore cf adulterated with ld did not exhibit clear changes on its crystallisation profiles consequently dsc coupled with pca is one of the techniques that might use to monitor and differentiate the minimum adulteration C2 caused by ld in different animal fats
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to reduce morbidity and mortality through integrated case management a pilot study to detect respiratory viruses in patients with acute lower respiratory infections alris was designed as part of a nationwide surveillance for this disease in korea the study population consisted of hospitalized patients under the age of years with bronchiolitis pneumonia croup or acute RDS a prospective month study was performed two hundred and ninetyseven NP secretions were collected and multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR reactions rtpcrpolymerase chain reactions pcr were performed to detect respiratory viruses if there were any positive rtpcrpcr results viral cultures were proceeded for confirmation respiratory viruses were identified in of patients the PCD rates were as follows respiratory syncytial virus rsv was the most commonly detected in human metapneumovirus hmpv in human corona virus hcov in adenovirus in human bocavirus hbov in parainfluenza virus piv in rhinovirus rv in and the influenza virus in of the patients with alris the consistent rate of positive results between rtpcr and viral culture was using our methods to detect viral causes seemed to be acceptable for the national surveillance of severe acute respiratory infections in infants and children
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the relevance of low developmental competence of in vitromatured oocyte to the incompletedelayed cytoplasmic maturation and the heterogeneity of retrieved oocytes is well established in several species a short phase of prematuration culture was used to allow better oocyte cytoplasmic maturation the preselection of growing and fully grown oocytes has been proposed to improve developmental competency this T0 investigated the effects of phosphodiesterase type TPS inhibitor cilostamide and adenylate cyclase activator forskolin on the resumption of meiosis and developmental competence of growing ovine oocytes selected by brilliant cresyl blue bcb IF results indicate that cilostamide forskolin and their combination significantly p increased the percentage of growing bcb oocytes maintained at the GV however only forskolin significantly p increased the yield and quality of blastocysts derived from bcb oocytes compared with nonbcbtreated oocytes we conclude that a short prematuration culture with forskolin may improve the in vitro developmental competency of growing oocytes in ovine
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the presence of persistent circulating CEM or engrafted into EM tissues is a bad prognostic factor for patients with HAL however little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the exit of CEM from the bone marrow bm microenvironment we reveal that VEGFR flt modulates acute leukemia CSD within the bm along vegf and plgf gradients regulating one survival and exit into the IP circulation flt activation on B-ALL all cells results in cell migration and proliferation in vitro whereas in vivo fltoverexpressing cells accumulate in the bm epiphysis of nonobese diabeticsevere combined immunodeficient nodscid recipients and are detected in circulation weeks after inoculation in turn flt NT affects one localization now in the bm diaphysis increases leukemia apoptosis and impedes the exit of all cells prolonging the survival of inoculated mice we demonstrate further that fltinduced cell migration involves actin polymerization and lipid raft formation taken together we show that flt regulates the bm localization of all cells determining their survival and exit into the circulation and ultimately the survival of inoculated recipients flt targeting on subsets of acute leukemias may delay the onset of extramedullary disease which may be advantageous in combinatorial therapeutic settings
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a role of membrane MPs mp released by vascular cells in EC cell ec activation was investigated flow cytofluorimetric analysis of blood samples from NV revealed the presence of an heterogeneous mp population which increased by approximately fold T3 inflammatory stimulation with the chemotactic peptide nformylmetleuphe versus p bloodderived mp stimulated release of ec cytokines interleukin il pgml and mcp and upregulated de novo expression of tissue factor on the ec surface this was associated with generation of a factor xadependent procoagulant response nm factor xamin cells in a reaction inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to tissue factor FL labeling with antibodies to PLT gpibalpha or leukocyte LF demonstrated that circulating mp originated from both platelets and WBCs however SD of platelet mp with an antibody to gpibalpha did not reduce ec il release and similarly mp from thrombinstimulated platelets did not induce il PR from endothelium ec stimulation with leukocyte mp did not result in activation of the transcription factor nfkappab and was not associated with IMT phosphorylation of ERK protein kinase erk in contrast leukocyte mp stimulated a sustained timedependent increased IMT phosphorylation of approximately kda cjun nhterminal kinase jnk in ec these findings demonstrate that circulating leukocyte mp are upregulated by inflammatory stimulation in vivo and activate a stress signaling pathway in ec leading to increased procoagulant and proinflammatory activity this may provide an alternative mechanism of ec activation potentially contributing to dysregulation of endothelial functions during vascular injury
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contamination of CB B6 specimens by maternal blood provides a source of cells that may be capable of graftversushost reactivity to confirm the genetic purity of collected cb samples six samples volume ml total nucleated cells x the hladr beta exon for the noninherited material S2 was examined by polymerase chain reaction amplification no maternal cell contamination was detected in samples of x cells in the case where the mother was homozygous for dr and dq the purity of the sample could not be tested by pcr and therefore in situ hybridization on interphase cells with a fluorescein labeled y and xprobe in male B6 specimens was performed this sensitive method also revealed no contamination of the cb by maternal WG cells in addition picked cbcfugm and bfue colonies cultured in huslf gmcsf and epo were analyzed by simultaneous genotypic for y and x and immunophenotypic analysis monoclonal antibodies mabs cd cd cd cd cd and GP a this approach permits simultaneous visualization of both the IP mabs apaap red fluorescence and the TT chromosomes fluorescein isothiocyanate green fluorescence within the same cell in contrast to pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism this method has the advantage that the donorrecipient origin of each lymphohematopoietic lineage ie bfue cfugm TA b cells can be determined in sexmismatched transplantations thus confocal scanning laser microscopy is most suitable not only for the detection of contaminating maternal cells but also for the PCD of mixed hematopoietic chimerism Tx
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nanowires of alphamonoclinic Se have been synthesized using a physical vaporliquidsolid vls process for first time we used micron sized particles of crystalline antimony selenide as catalyst and molten Se to generate the vapor source the synthesized nanowires have diameters in the range between nm and microm and lengths up to microm nanowires with diameters of approximately nm are the most predominantly produced transmission electron microscopy tem microraman spectroscopy absorption spectroscopy energy dispersive xray analysis edax highresolution transmission electron microscopy hrtem and selected area electron diffraction saed were used to characterize their morphology composition and crystallographic structure it is found that the nanowires grow perpendicular to the plane and exhibit an SE bandgap of ev a ev increase compared to bulk
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we examined the effects of oscillatory frequency f tidal volume vt and mean airway pressure paw on respiratory gas exchange during highfrequency oscillatory ventilation of healthy anesthetized rabbits frequencies from to hz vt from to mlkg body wt approximately of VD and paw from to cmho were studied as expected both arterial partial pressure of o and co pao and paco respectively were found to be related to f and vt changing paw had little effect on blood gas tensions similar values of pao and paco were obtained at many different combinations of f and vt these relationships collapsed onto a single curve when blood gas tensions were plotted as functions of f multiplied by the square of vt f vt simultaneous tracheal and AM gas samples showed that the gradient for po and pco increased as f vt decreased indicating AM hypoventilation however venous admixture also increased as f vt decreased suggesting that ventilationperfusion inequality must also have increased
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about of ed patients are nonresponders to pde inhibitor monotherapy lifestyle modifications and physical activity with WL enhance pde inhibitor responsiveness the same applies for combination therapies such pde inhibitors larginine mg pde inhibitors statins and pde inhibitors yohimbine combination of daily dosing with tadalafil mg and on demand application of sildenafil or vardenafil can improve responsiveness and erection hardness personal experiences guanylate cyclase activators or rhoakinase inhibitors either as monotherapy or in combination with pde inhibitors have shown in preclinical settings the potential to improve erectile CF and represent targets for new ed drugs in the future immunophilin ligands were able to ameliorate erectile function T3 cavernous nerve injury due to pelvic surgery although having shown convincing tau both in animals and humans the centrally acting melanocortin receptor mcr agonists were given up for ed treatment because of unfavorable sideeffectspromising targets for ed therapy in the future is GT with several targets as well as SC therapy with adiposederived or musclederived stem cells
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in the next two decades the us refining industry will face significant changes resulting from a rapidly evolving domestic petroleum energy landscape the rapid influx of domestically sourced tight CS oil and relative demand shifts for gasoline and diesel will impose challenges on the ability of the us refining industry to satisfy both demand and SQ requirements this study uses results from linear programming lp modeling data to examine the potential impacts of these changes on refinery process unit and productspecific efficiencies focusing on current baseline efficiency values across existing C1 us refineries that are operating today these results suggest that refinery and productspecific efficiency values are CS to crude quality seasonal and regional factors and refinery configuration and complexity which are determined by final fuel specification requirements additional processing of domestically sourced tight light oil could marginally increase refinery efficiency but these benefits could be offset by crude rebalancing the dynamic relationship between efficiency and key parameters such as crude api gravity sulfur content heavy products residual upgrading and complexity are key to understanding possible future changes in refinery efficiency relative to gasoline the efficiency of diesel production is highly VL and is influenced by the number and severity of units required to produce diesel to respond to future demand requirements refiners will need to reduce the gasolinediesel gd production ratio which will likely result in greater volumes of diesel being produced through less efficient pathways resulting in reduced efficiency particularly on the marginal barrel of diesel this decline in diesel efficiency could be offset by blending of gas to liquids gtl diesel which could allow refiners to uplift intermediate fuel streams into more efficient diesel production pathways thereby allowing for the efficient production of incremental barrels of of the posterior lens capsule in traumatic cataract
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exposure of dopamine to an excess of LOOH hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid in the presence of ferrous ions in tris buffer ph resulted in a relatively fast oxygenindependent reaction exhibiting firstorder kinetics with respect to both catecholamine and metal concentrations product analysis in the early stages revealed the presence of significant amounts of the quinone of the neurotoxin hydroxydopamine together with some aminochrome and illdefined melaninlike material quinone formation required the presence of iron either in the ferrous or ferric form and was unaffected by peroxidase catalase and hydroxyl radical scavengers eg mannitol as well as biologically relevant antioxidants like ascorbate and glutathione hydrogen peroxide proved as ERP as linoleic acid hydroperoxide in inducing dopamine oxidation and conversion to hydroxydopamine quinone metal chelators including edta and bipyridyl markedly suppressed quinone formation without however inhibiting dopamine oxidation these and other results are consistent with a hydroxyl radical independent hydroxylationoxidation mechanism basically different from the fenton reaction which involves direct interaction of the peroxide with a dopaminefeiii chelate generated during the process
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we T0 the dynamical fluctuations of horse heart cytochrome c by molecular dynamics md simulations in aqueous solution at four temperatures k k k and k each simulation covers a production time of at least nanoseconds ns the conformational dynamics of the system is analyzed in terms of collective motions that involve the whole protein and local motions that involve the formation and breaking of intramolecular hydrogen bonds the character of the md trajectories can be described within the FR of rugged SE landscape dynamics the md trajectories sample multiple conformational minima with basins in protein conformational space being sampled for a few hundred picoseconds the trajectories of the system in configurational space can be described in terms of diffusion of a particle in real space with a waiting time distribution due to partial trapping in shallow minima as a consequence of the hierarchical nature of the dynamics the mean square displacement autocorrelation function xt x exhibits a SP law dependence on time with an exponent of around for times shorter than ps and an exponent of for longer times this power law behavior indicates that the system exhibits suppressed diffusion subdiffusion in sampling of configurational space at time scales shorter than ps and enhanced superdiffusion at longer time scales the multibasin feature of the trajectories is present at all temperatures simulated structural changes associated with interbasin displacements correspond to collective motions of the omega loops and coiled regions and relative motions of the alphahelices as rigid bodies similar motions may be involved in experimentally observed NH hydrogen exchange however some CG showing large correlated motions do not expose the amino hydrogens to the solvent we show that large fluctuations are not necessarily correlated to HX for example regions of the proteins forming alpha helices and turns show significant fluctuations but as rigid bodies and the hydrogen bonds involved in the formation of these structures do not break in proportion to these fluctuations proteins published wileyliss inc
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smad anchor for receptor activation sara is an important regulator of transforming growth factor β tgfβ signaling by recruiting smad to tgfβ receptors we recently demonstrated that the expressions of sara and level of downstream phosphosmad psmad were upregulated in the brain in the epileptic rat model but were never examined in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy tle in this T0 we examined the expressions of sara and level of psmad in brain tissues of tle patients using immunohistochemistry and western blot to demonstrate that sara activation in neurons is sufficient to facilitate tgf β pathway in patients to regulate epilepsy we found that the expressions of sara and level of psmad were significantly upregulated in neurons of the TC of tle patients compared to controls moreover sara and psmad were strongly stained in the cytoplasm in the temporal cortex of tle patients our results indicate that upregulation of sara and psmad in SC SN might be involved in the development of intractable TLE
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the synthesis of deoxyfluorobetadarabinofuranosylguanine b from dioacetylobenzoyldeoxyfluorodarabinofuranose a and dichloropurine in six steps using an enzymatic deamination as the last step is reported the target compound was found to be stable to purine nucleoside phosphorylase cleavage and was cytotoxic in two cell lines one a tcell line incubation of l cells with b results in an inhibition of dna synthesis as judged by the reduced incorporation of labeled thymidine into dna while rna and protein syntheses were unaffected
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when regional myocardial dysfunction is present the physiological pattern of VVI filling and contraction is impaired during acute coronary occlusion characteristic changes are observed in the ICM myocardial segment the amplitude of the SWT is reduced HK then virtually absent akinesia and finally replaced by a paradoxical outward motion dyskinesia the MA is reached in early diastole postejection thickening since hyperkinesis develops in the normal region the ICM and the normal region contract asynchronously experimentally left ventricular asynchrony can be detected by means of subendo and subepicardially implanted ultrasonic crystals sonomicrometry or by the analysis of the phase difference of the first fourier harmonic of dysfunctional versus control myocardial wall motion in the clinical setting digitized cineventriculography radionuclide angiography and digitized mmode echocardiography were used to assess left ventricular asynchrony in patients with coronary i.a. disease and HCM cardiomyopathy however these imaging modalities are timeconsuming and require complicated offline analysis tissue doppler echocardiography tde is a new ultrasound modality that is based on color doppler principles and allows for quantification of myocardial wall motion velocity by PCD of consecutive phase shifts of the ultrasound signal reflected from the myocardium the doppler signals are displayed as a color or PD image by rejecting lowamplitude echoes from the GBP due to changes in thresholding and filtering algorithms in addition the ability to measure low velocity is improved in the tde system so that the lowest measurable velocity is cms a velocity level associated with cardiac tissue motion table due to its high temporal and spatial resolution tde provides valuable information on regional myocardial wall motion during different intervals of the cardiac cycle in HS patients with PD disease and patients with HCM cardiomyopathy tissue doppler echocardiography was used to assess myocardial synchronyasynchrony on a fold temporal and spatial analysis peaforced expiratory volume in one second is essentially the same in neversmokers and exsmokers smoking is associated with a dosedependent increase in the NC in forced expiratory volume in one second
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the aims of the present study were to compare three methods of assessment of dietary se NI ie chemical analysis of duplicate diets diet records and a foodfrequency questionnaire ffq designed specifically for se and to determine dietary se intakes of residents of otago new zealand the ffq was completed by freeliving adults diet records d and duplicate diet collections were carried out by fortythree of these subjects chosen on the basis of low blood se concentration and during a period when consumption of the highse foods fish kidney liver and brazil nuts was discouraged mean se intakes were similar for duplicate diet analysis sd microgramsd and diet record assessments sd microgramsd estimates of intakes from the ffq for the subgroup of fortythree subjects were higher sd microgramsd than those from duplicate diets and DRs values from duplicate diet analysis and diet record assessments were strongly correlated r p but difference plots indicated a lack of PA between the two methods thus diet record assessment was not adequate for predicting dietary se intakes of individuals significant correlations were found for relationships between se intake from duplicate diets microgramkg body weight per d and plasma se se intake from DRs microgramd and microgramkg body weight per d and plasma se and se intake from the ffq and wholeblood se se intakes from duplicate diets and DRs were similar to those reported previously for new zealanders but lower than the recommended intakes in the usa national research council australia truswell et al and the uk department of health and the world health organizationfood and agriculture organizationinternational atomic SE agency normative requirement
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the influence of plasma fibronectin on the cleavage of interstitial collagen types i ii and iii by mammalian collagenase was investigated to this end RA arthritis synovial tissue MMP-8 was isolated from tissue culture supernatants a highly active enzyme preparation was obtained different dilutions of the collagenase were incubated in tubes coated with hlabeled collagens liberation of labeled fragments in the presence micrograms per ml or absence of fibronectin was measured at different time intervals min a significant inhibition of collagen degradation was observed in case of type i and type iii collagens analogous experiments were carried out using collagencoated tubes preincubated with fibronectin at a concentration of microgramsml here a strong inhibition percent of type iii collagen digestion by MMP-8 was observed while the cleavage of type i or CII was CR unchanged T3 preincubation with fibronectin a direct attack of the MMP-8 preparation on plasma fibronectin could be excluded in control digestion experiments using radioiodinated fibronectin as ATP
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guidelines on hereditary spherocytosis hs published in boltonmaggs et al are here replaced to reflect changes in current opinion on the surgical management particularly the indications for concomitant splenectomy with cholecystectomy in children with mild hs and concomitant cholecystectomy with splenectomy in those with asymptomatic gallstones further potential long term hazards of splenectomy are now recognised advances have been made in our understanding of the biochemistry of the red cell membrane which underpins the choice of tests PSA assays of CM proteins and genetic analysis may be indicated rarely to diagnose atypical cases the diagnostic value of the eosinmaleimide ema IB test has been validated in a number of studies with understanding of its limitations
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LM examination of leaf crosssections showed that flaveria brownii a m powell exhibits kranz anatomy in which distinct chloroplastcontaining bundle sheath cells are surrounded by two types of mesophyll cells smaller mesophyll cells containing many chloroplasts are arranged around the bundle sheath cells larger spongy mesophyll cells having fewer chloroplasts are located between the smaller mesophyll cells and the epidermis f brownii has very low co compensation points at different o levels which is typical of c plants yet it does show about inhibition of net photosynthesis by o at degrees c protoplasts of the three photosynthetic leaf cell types were isolated according to relative differences in their buoyant densities on a chlorophyll basis the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate pi dikinase carboxylation phase of c pathway were highest in the larger mesophyll protoplasts intermediate in the smaller mesophyll protoplasts and lowest but still present in the bundle sheath protoplasts in contrast MICs of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase other c cycle enzymes and nadpmalic enzyme showed a reverse gradation although there were significant MICs of these enzymes in mesophyll cells as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel PACE the banding DP of certain polypeptides of the total soluble proteins from the three cell types also supported the CSD DP obtained by activity assays of these enzymes analysis of initial c products in whole leaves and extrapolation of pulselabeling curves to zero time indicated that about of the co is fixed into c acids malate and AST whereas about of the co directly enters the c cycle this is consistent with the high activity of enzymes for co fixation by the c pathway and the substantial activity of enzymes of the c cycle in the mesophyll cells therefore f brownii appears to have some capacity for c phce detectors in series reference and sample solutions are prepared in methanol lc separations are performed on a cm novapak silica column the mobile phase is prepared by mixing ml methanol with ml of a aqueous solution of pentanesulfonic acid sodium salt the i.t. volume is microl the flow rate is approximately mlmin PR times are approximately min for pe min for cm and min for methscopolamine nitrate one detector determines the first compounds at nm but the third compound does not produce a detectable peak the other detector set at nm generates peaks for all EDC but only methscopolamine is within the recorder range the other compounds are exceedingly off scale if it is not feasible or desirable to arrange uv absorbance detectors in series separate determinations can be made one for the first compounds and the other for the C3 of the mixture two commercial samples of tablets and commercial samples of capsules were analyzed by the proposed method recovery studies were also conducted with amounts of the EDC ranging from to of the quantities present in the sample solutions
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malignant nonwilms renal tumors nwrt are a small but relevant subgroup of renal neoplasms in children in this T0 we analyzed corresponding data from the trials siop gpoh and siop gpoh of the society of pediatric oncology and hematologydata of patients with nwrt and primary lung metastases were retrospectively reviewed analyses included epidemiology RT characteristics chemotherapy local treatment and outcomethe following diagnoses were registered malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney mrtk n renalcell carcinoma rcc n clearcell sarcoma of the kidney ccsk n and primitive neuro ectodermal tumor pnet n median age of patients at diagnosis was months overall survival was of the children with mrtk survived patients with rcc patients with ccsk and patient with pnet survived lung metastases disappeared in patients T3 initial chemotherapy patients undergoing local treatment of lung metastases surgery irradiation or both achieved pCR only patients with CR clearance of lung lesions either through neoadjuvant chemotherapy or subsequent local treatment survived mean follow up was months survival of patientacol hydrogels significantly enhanced the deposition of apatitelike minerals within the gels when incubated in simulated body fluid or encapsulated with mesenchymal stem cells mscs undergoing osteogenic differentiation finally plgacol hydrogels mineralized by differentiated mscs led to an enhanced formation of bonelike tissues within the hydrogels overall the plgacol hydrogel system developed in this study will serve to improve the quality of osteoconductive matrices for both fundamental and clinical studies that are relevant to bone repair regeneration and pathogenesis
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matriptase a membranetethered serine protease plays essential roles in epidermal differentiation and barrier function largely mediated via its activation of prostasin a glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored serine protease matriptase activity is tightly regulated by its inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor hai such that free active matriptase is only briefly available to act on its substrates in the current T0 we provide evidence for how matriptase activates prostasin under this tight control by hai when primary human keratinocytes are induced to differentiate in a skin organotypic SC MM both matriptase and prostasin are ca and then inhibited by hai these processes also occur in hacat human keratinocytes when matriptase activation is induced by SE of the cells to a ph buffer using this acidinducible activation system we demonstrate that prostatin activation is suppressed by matriptase knockdown and by blocking matriptase activation with sodium chloride suggesting that prostatin activation is dependent on matriptase in this system kinetics studies further reveal that the timing of autoactivation of matriptase prostasin activation and inhibition of both enzymes by hai IB are closely correlated these data suggest that during epidermal differentiation the matriptaseprostasin proteolytic cascade is tightly regulated by two mechanisms prostasin activation temporally coupled to matriptase autoactivation and hai rapidly inhibiting not only active matriptase but also AS prostasin resulting in an extremely brief window of opportunity for both AS matriptase and active prostasin to act on their substrates
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unilateral partial ablations of the medial prefrontal cortex were made in Rh and cynomolgus monkeys the course and termination of prefrontoamygdaloid SF were followed with the nautagygax and finkheimer silver methods and the presence of terminal degeneration in the amygdala was confirmed by electron microscopy the heaviest prefrontal projection appeared to be to the pars lateralis of the basal amygdaloid nucleus
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liraglutide is a oncedaily human glp analog for treatment of type diabetes like other glp analogs liraglutide delays gastric emptying which could potentially affect absorption of concomitantly administered oral drugs this study investigated the effect of liraglutide on the pharmacokinetics of the components of an oral contraceptive ethinyl estradiollevonorgestrel PM healthy women n were included a single dose of this contraceptive was administered blood samples for ethinyl estradiollevonorgestrel measurements were drawn until hours post dosing of the contraceptive during liraglutide and PL treatments the confidence interval ci of the ratio of the area under the curve auc ci for ethinyl estradiol during liraglutide and PL was within defined limits demonstrating equivalence the ci for the ratio of auc for levonorgestrel was not fully contained within the limits ci levonorgestrel auc was greater with liraglutide vs PL however equivalence was demonstrated for levonorgestrel auct ci equivalence was not demonstrated for maximum concentration cmax values for ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel cmax were and lower with liraglutide versus placebo respectively both reached cmax hours later with liraglutide no clinically relevant reduction in BA of ethinyl estradiollevonorgestrel occurred
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crystal structure of thermitase a serine proteinase from thermoactinomyces vulgaris has been determined by xray diffraction at a resolution the atomic MM of thermitase refined to an rfactor of contains protein atoms water molecules and ca ions the tertiary structure of thermitase is similar to that of subtilisin bpn the greatest variations are connected with insertions and deletions in the CAA sequence which are located on the surface of the molecule higher thermostability of thermitase can be explained in terms of the threedimensional structure the ca ions bound to the protein molecule as well as the ionic and hydrophobic interactions are supposed to give the main contribution to the stabilization of the structure
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herpesviruses have caused the death of kangaroos and wallabies in european and north american zoos eight antiherpetic purine or pyrmidine nucleoside EDC were tested in plaque reduction neutralization tests for in vitro inhibition of macropodid HHV-8 a virus that has been associated with illness in captive macropods in australia the virus was most susceptible to inhibition by ebromovinyldeoxyuridine bvdu and iododeoxycytidine because bvdu effectively inhibits macropodid herpesvirus in vitro it may be the drug of choice for experimental therapy in HHV-8 infections in captive macropodids
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clathrin associated adaptor protein is involved in endocytosis at the plasma membrane ap and protein sorting at the golgi membrane ap there is a great deal of information available on the structure CF and binding characteristics of ap however there is little quantitative data on the ap distribution at the membrane image rho spectroscopy is a technique which yields number counts from an autocorrelation analysis of intensity fluctuations within confocal microscopy images image correlation spectroscopy analysis of the indirect immunofluorescence from ap at the plasma membrane of cv cells shows that ap is in a bimodal distribution consisting of large coated pit associated aggregates of approximately ap molecules and smaller aggregates containing approximately ap molecules which we propose are coated pit nucleation sites following hypertonic treatment of the ap molecules dissociate from the C1 ap aggregates and form ap dimers leaving the remaining ap as large aggregates with approximately molecules the smaller ap aggregates CR dissociate forming ap dimers dispersion of ap with hypertonic treatment is not seen qualitatively because the number of C1 ap aggregates is unchanged the aggregates are just smaller NC in temperature from degrees c to degrees c has no affect on the number of ap aggregates or the ap distribution between the two populations these data and estimates of the coated pit size suggest that coated pits cover approximately of the CM combination of ICS analysis and measurements of the cv cell surface area show that there are approximately x ap molecules per cv cell with approximately x ap molecules within coated pit structures
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mycosporinelike amino acids maas were quantified in fresh and preserved material of the chlorolichen
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the frequency with which patients with atypical PD and advanced motor PS undergo deep brain stimulation dbs procedures is unknown however the potential exposure of these patients to unnecessary surgical risks makes their identification critical as many as of patients enrolled in recent early parkinson disease pd trials have been found to lack evidence of a dopaminergic deficit following pet or spect imaging this suggests that a number of patients with parkinsonism who are referred for dbs may not have idiopathic pd the authors report on patients with probable psychogenic parkinsonism who presented for dbs surgery they found that both patients had normal caudate and putamen ffluorodopa uptake on pet imaging along with normal expression of TPS diseaserelated metabolic networks for pd and multiple system atrophy a common form of atypical neurodegenerative parkinsonism the clinical and pet findings in these patients highlight the role of functional imaging inor CMR imaging cmri
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myosin atpase reactions are generally used to differentiate between MF however those reactions have disadvantages including the need for delicate ph control and preincubation under nonphysiological ph furthermore enzyme activity is only an indirect reflection of myofilament characteristics in this study an immunohistochemical method with antislow and antifast myosin heavy chain antibodies was used to observe whether muscle fiber types could be distinguished in degenerated muscles immunoreactivity of type c fibers in denervated muscles and discrepancies in structural disorders thirty one muscle biopsies which included neurogenic myogenic and control muscles were examined muscle fiber types were recognized in normal and in severely degenerated muscles type c muscle SF were not necessarily constantly immunoreactive to both antislow and antifast S1 antibodies in some targetoid SF CS with absence of myosin atpase activity had the same or rather higher immunoreactivity some muscle fibers undergoing fibertype transformation showed discrepancies in CR between enzyme and immunoreactivity this immunohistochemical method is capable of observing changes of muscle fibers during denervation reinnervation and also sports activity
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in every case of restorative care dentists deal with REF positions of the mandible for this purpose the intercuspal position and the RCP are the most often used reference positions concerning how precisely these clinically relevant positions could be determined insufficient knowledge was available years ago there was also uncertainty concerning the causal role of the occlusion in cases of temporomandibular disorders it was established that the reproducibility of the retruded contact position and other REF positions established by the dentist did not differ from one another the position of the patient had no influence on reproducibility nor did the choice of bite registration material the intercuspal position is the most reproducible reference position in all conditions tested the opinion widely held at the time that a discrepancy between the reference positions would lead to temporomandibular disorders was addressed in the dissertation reference positions in the mandible
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relationship between irradiated dose and function preservation of the larynx in patients of laryngeal carcinoma tt treated with radiotherapy were analysed and discussed LC rate for t and t lesion was highest in the dose range of gy but in t lesion especially of supraglottic CA the dose range to obtain highest local tumor control rate is above gy and higher than in case of t and t lesions laryngeal edema was seen in patients who were delivered the dose of gy but total laryngectomy could be avoided by conservative therapy necessity of induction chemotherapy for advanced cases was also discussed
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superior mesenteric artery sma syndrome is a rare disorder recognized as weight loss nausea vomiting and PP pain due to compression and partial obstruction of the third portion of the duodenum by the sma if CT fails then LAP with duodenojejunostomy or lysis of the AL of treitz is indicated recently laparoscopic division of the RP attachments of the duodenum has been described we report the first case of laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy as the definitive treatment of V1 compression of the duodenum
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the surgical management of rectovaginal fistulae associated with crohns disease is often frustrated by poor results regardless of the different techniques the outcomes of the gracilis muscle transposition gmt for the treatment of recurrent crohnsassociated CCF are still debated the aim of the study is to determine whether the success rate of gmt is similar in crohns disease patients and in a control group
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familial APC fap is an inherited disease characterized by the OD of hundreds of colorectal adenomas leading to a lifetime risk of colorectal CA a prophylactic colectomy is recommended for patients with fap to prevent colorectal cancer four surgical strategies are available for patients with fap proctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis proctocolectomy with kochs pouch continent ileostomy koch and restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouchanal anastomosis ipaa koch and ipaa which make ileal pouch have theoretical advantage of the beta of the risk of CC and adenomas and good functional outcome of reduced defecation frequency however recent reports have shown frequent OD of adenomas and carcinomas in the ileal pouch T3 koch or ipaa we experienced cases of multiple pouch adenomas after pouch surgery in fap patients both patients were treated with EMR without complications we report these cases with a review of literatures
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we investigated the morphologic and molecular effects of SE to cadmium cd for and days on the uteri of mice we assessed uterine morphometric measurements eosinophilia mast cell numbers endometrial apoptosis proliferation and estrogen CD25 erα immunoreactivity we examined vaginal smears that reflected the hormonal alterations in the female reproductive tract because the female reproductive tract exhibits different morphology at each stage of the estrous cycle we sacrificed all animals at estrus to make AGA comparisons female balbc mice were exposed to ppm cd in their drinking water for either or days cd exposure caused significant decreases in ET and number of PG in estrus phase uteri the endometrial eosinophilia in the CG exposed to cd also decreased compared to controls cd exposure increased the number of mast cells luminal and glandular epithelia were examined using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl GOT dutp nick end labeling tunel CA and by IS proliferating cell nuclear antigen pcna and estrogen receptor α erα compared to controls the apoptotic index increased with time in both cd exposed groups while the proliferation index decreased erα immunoreactivity was decreased in both cd exposed CG compared to controls the decrease was most apparent in the day cd group we found that day cd exposure increased apoptosis in the endometrium which may affect the receptivity of the uterus for implantation
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improper intracellular regulation of the ubiquitous second messenger calcium has been linked to several pathological conditions the plasma membrane calcium atpase pmca is one of the primary systems for translocating calcium from the cytosol to the extracellular milieu as an initial assessment of the possible involvement of pmcas in kainate kainduced neurodegeneration we have determined the effect of kainduced seizures upon pmca mrna and protein in situ hybridization was performed on tissue from adult SD rats sacrificed at various time points following ip i.t. of ka ka altered the expression within the HPC subfields for mrnas of pmca isoforms and pmca and mrnas exhibited hybridization below control C2 h PI within ca and ca within the dentate gyrus pmca mrna hybridized below control C2 h postinjection but recovered to control lepolicy issues as well
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in the past five years structural genomics sg initiatives have established an automated pipeline for protein production in escherichia coli to rapidly screen various conditions resulting in soluble expression of recombinant proteins to aid in carrying out structural studies however some steps of the procedure are still extensive and require manual handling here we present a comparative T0 of one step of the process e coli cultivation using a set of expression vectors encoding for F0 proteins of seven independent target proteins first we show that performing e coli growth in autoinducible medium zym results in a comparable protein expressionsolubility profile to that obtained when growing cells in classical LB lb medium second we show that the transformation mix can be used directly to inoculate a SC saving time and circumventing the errorprone step of colony picking without impairing cell growth and the protein expressionsolubility profile thus we show that a basic but nevertheless essential step of a protein production pipeline e coli cultivation can be simplified to a single event that is fully compatible with CR automation
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a highresolution highsensitivity ac calorimeter has been developed to investigate the melting of organic and biological materials the HR of this system is a simple yet very versatile sample cell which can be reused hightemperatureresolution studies of the melting of noctadecane and tertbutyl alcohol indicate interesting premelting and prefreezing phenomena in the TPS heat capacity in these substances with pure dipalmitoyl lalphalecithin dpl in water we obtain a very sharp fwhm degrees c firstorder Tm showing no pretransition broadening or posttransition tails in the specific heat curves near the degrees c transition point
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hypersensitivity resulting from the ingestion or inhalation of buckwheat allergen causes immediate manifestation of PS including urticaria wheezing dyspnea anaphylactic shock which is considered to be igemediated type i hypersensitivity using sera of patients with buckwheat allergy the immunoreactivity to purified buckwheat protein was investigated by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay elisa and immunoblotting method the incidence of positive rast value to buckwheat was in the patients and in the rastpositive controls whereas the rastnegative controls showed all negative the sera of both patients and rastpositive controls showed significantly higher levels of TPS EA against saltsoluble and saltinsoluble fractions of buckwheat protein than the rastnegative controls by means of iggimmunoblotting analysis ten polypeptide bands of saltsoluble fraction and six polypeptides bands of saltinsoluble fraction were detected in all sera of the patients in contrast the patterns of igeimmunoblots varied depending on the sera used taken together the immune activation to buckwheat protein in patients with buckwheat allergy is not restricted to ige antibody formation but extends to other immunoglobulin class igg which indicating that the overall immune activation to buckwheat protein may be the basic characteristics of buckwheat allergy additionally other factor is necessary for the manifestation of symptoms
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pbcrabl is detected in almost all chronic myelogenous leukemia cml patients and a significant number of acute lymphoblastic leukemia all cases it is generated by a reciprocal chromosomal translocation t qq and the enhanced kinase activity of the protein is believed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of the diseases to examine its oncogenicity in vivo and to create an rat for bcrablpositive leukemias we generated transgenic mice expressing pbcrabl driven by the promoter of the mouse tec gene a cytoplasmic IMT kinase preferentially expressed in early hematopoietic progenitors while the founder mice showed excessive proliferation of lymphoblasts shortly T3 birth and were diagnosed as all the transgenic progeny reproducibly exhibited marked granulocyte hyperplasia with thrombocytosis T3 a long latent period which closely resembles the clinical course of human cml in addition to investigate whether loss of p would play a role in the transition from CP to blast crisis of cml we crossmated pbcrabl transgenic bcrabltg mice with p heterozygous p mice and generated pbcrabl transgenic p heterozygous bcrabltg p mice in which a somatic alteration in the residual p S2 directly abrogates p function the bcrabltg p mice exhibited rapid proliferation of blast cells and died in a short period compared with their wildtype bcrabl p p heterozygous bcrabl p and pbcrabl transgenic bcrabltg p littermates interestingly the normal p S2 was frequently and preferentially lost in the RT tissues providing in vivo evidence that acquired loss of p contributes to the blastic transformation of pbcrablexpressing hematopoietic cells our transgenic mice will be a useful model for investigating oncogenic properties of pbcrabl in vivo and will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression from chronic phase to blast crisis of cml
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the effect of an acute administration of the vigilancepromoting drug modafinil diphenylmethylsulfinyl acetamide modiodal on the NS dopamine system was studied T3 damage induced by mptp MPTP by means of immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase th and a stereological method mptp mgkg reduced from to and from to respectively the number of th immunoreactive ir and nonth ir nigral SN coadministration of modafinil restored to normal the number of these neuronal populations mptp treatment induced also a reduction in the volume of th ir neurons which was counteracted by modafinil administration the data provide morphological evidence based on unbiased stereological analysis for a potential neuroprotective role of modafinil not only in dopaminergic neurons but also with a similar magnitude in the nonda nerve cell population of the substantia nigra T3 mptp lesion these results suggest that modafinil has a neuroprotective role in the substantia nigra via a still undefined mechanism in which a crucial role of da uptake blockade should be excluded modafinil may therefore have a therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative processes such as those occurring in parkinsons disease
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it has been previously reported r w steigerwalt et al mol carcinog that primary cultures of rat tracheal epithelial rte cells and immortalized rte cell lines produce three mrna transcripts kilobases kb which hybridize to a mu transforming growth factor beta tgfbeta complementary dna probe in this report we show that the and kb transcripts are not detectable by northern analysis of resting AD tr but are induced in reg tracheal grafts and tumors formed from transformed rte cells northern analysis of the tgfbeta transcripts with subclones of the murine cDNA demonstrate that the kb transcript lacks much of the untranslated region utr rnase protection analysis was used to map the transcriptional start site of the kb transcript to within base pairs of the first atg codon no differences in the coding or utr were detected between the kb and the kb transcripts although rte cells produce a kb tgfbeta mrna we were unable to detect a previously reported unique utr which we found to be almost MZ to a rat mitochondrial atpase sequence because the kb transcript is missing most of the long gcrich utr it may be translated at a different rate than the and kb transcripts or it may code for an intracellular form of tgfbeta the kb transcript has been observed under several conditions of injury or stress and therefore may be an important component of the tgfbeta response to these conditions
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motion artifacts in multislice spiral ct msct resulting from object motion in and against the table feed direction zdirection are examined using a spherical phantom for image interpretation of complex anatomic structures qualitative REF points are also applicable to selected which are ecggated cardiac imaging in this case the motion of the coronary vessels in phase with the cardiac contraction must be considered
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forty patients with T4 recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck scchn were treated weekly with vinorelbine mgm thirtyfive patients received prior surgery prior chemotherapy and prior radiation therapy five patients were not evaluable for response and were assumed to be nonresponders there were three confirmed responders one complete response two PRs for a response rate of confidence interval the median survival time for all patients was months range months the median progressionfree survival time was months range months the most common toxicity was myelosuppression with of patients experiencing grade or higher leukopenia there was one treatmentrelated death resulting from sepsis vinorelbine has minimal activity in patients with scchn that does not exceed that of other currently used agents
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in this work an improved version of the radio frequency magnetron sputtering rfms technique was used to prepare highly Ad btype carbonated hydroxylapatite bcha thin films fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ftir and grazing incidence xray diffraction studies proved that the coatings maintained the composition and revealed the polycrystalline structure of ha SEM microscopy analysis showed that the cha films are Rg and exhibit a homogeneous microstructure EDX spectroscopy edx mapping demonstrated a uniform CSD of the ca and p cations while a cap ratio of was found in addition the ftir experiments showed a remarkable reproducibility of the nanostructures human mesenchymal stem cells hmscs in vitro differentiated osteoblasts and explanted bone cells were grown over the surface of cha coatings for periods between a few hours and days osteoprogenitor cells maintained viability and characteristic morphology T3 adhesion on cha coatings kipositive OBs were the evidence of cell proliferation events cells showed positive staining for markers of osteoblast phenotype such as collagen type i bone sialoprotein and osteonectin our data showed the formation of mineralized foci by differentiation of hmscs to human primary osteoblasts after cultivation in osteogenic media on rfsputtered films the results demonstrate the capacity of btype cha coating to support mscs adhesion and osteogenic differentiation ability
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echinococcosis is one of the worlds most geographically widespread parasitic zoonoses with transmission occurring in tropical temperate and arctic biomes most human infections are due to echinococcus granulosus transmitted between domestic dogs and livestock but this cosmopolitan species also cycles between wild carnivores principally canids and wild ungulates the other species with significant zoonotic potential is e multilocularis that occurs naturally in fox definitive hosts and small mammal intermediate hosts these two species cause human cystic or alveolar echinococcosis respectively which may be considered serious public health problems in several regions including developed countries this review provides an introductory overview to the supplement and summarises the biology and epidemiology of these two related cestodes with an emphasis on applied aspects relating to detection diagnosis and surveillance in animal and human populations and includes aspects of transmission ecology and also considers aspects of community epidemiology and potential for control
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tension band wiring with cerclage wiring is most widely used for treating displaced patellar fractures although wire breakage is not uncommon migration of a fragment of the broken wire is rare especially migration into the knee joint we describe here a rare case of migration of a wire fragment into the posterior septum of the knee joint T3 fixation of a displaced patellar fracture with tension band wiring and cerclage wiring although it was difficult to determine whether the wire fragment was located within or outside the knee joint from the preoperative plain radiographs or threedimensional computed tomography d ct we found it arthroscopically through the posterior transseptal portal with assistance of intraoperative fluoroscopy surgeons who treat such cases should bear in mind the possibility that wire could be embedded in the posterior septum of the knee joint
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an assemblage of individual motoneurons constituting a synthetic motoneuron pool has been studied from the standpoint of relating MSR reflex responses to frequency of afferent stimulation intensity of low frequency depression is not a simple CF of transmitter potentiality as frequency of stimulation increases from per minute to per second VLF depression increases in magnitude between and approximately per second low frequency depression apparently diminishes and subnormality becomes a factor in causing depression at frequencies above per second temporal summation occurs but subnormality limits the degree of response attainable by summation at low stimulation frequencies rhythm is determined by stimulation frequency interruptions of rhythmic firing depend solely upon temporal fluctuation of excitability at high frequency of stimulation rhythm is determined by subnormality rather than inherent rhythmicity and excitability fluctuation leads to instability of response rhythm in short whatever the stimulation frequency random excitability fluctuation is the factor disrupting rhythmic response monosynaptic reflex response latency is SD during high frequency stimulation as it is in VLF stimulation provided a significant extrinsic source of random bombardment is not present in the presence of powerful random bombardment discharge may become random with respect to monosynaptic afferent excitation provided the latter is feeble when this occurs it does so equally at VLF and high frequency thus temporal summation is not a necessary factor there is then no remaining evidence to suggest that the agency for temporal summation in the monosynaptic system becomes a transmitting agency in its own right
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the hypoxiainducible factor hif transcription factor regulates cellular oxygen homeostasis agents that activate hif and downstream hif targets represent potential drug leads for the prevention andor treatment of ICM disorders in a search for smallmolecule hif activators marine invertebrate and algal extract samples us national cancer institutes open repository were evaluated for hif activation activity in a cellbased reporter assay bioassayguided fractionation of two AS extracts of the sponge dactylospongia elegans afforded four new sesquiterpene quinones one new sesquiterpene PH the known golgi disruptor IQ and three previously reported ilimaquinone analogues while antiproliferative activity was observed at higher concentrations the sesquiterpene quinones possessing a hydroxymethoxybenzoquinone moiety activated hif and increased the expression of hif target gene vascular endothelial growth factor vegf in td cells
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the levels of ST soluble sugars protein and enzymes involved in starch metabolismalphaamylase betaamylase phosphorylase qenzyme renzyme and starch synthetase were assayed in dehulled developing rice grains oryzasativa l variety ir phosphorylase qenzyme and renzyme had peak MICs days after flowering whereas alpha and betaamylases had maximal MICs days after flowering ST synthetase bound to the ST granule increased in activity up to DAF these enzymes except the ST synthetases were also detected by polyacrylamide gel eleeter mm thick of each composite resin tph dentsply definite degussa charisma heraus kulzer were prepared using a polytetrafluoroethylene matrix ten specimens per material were cured with the led source and with the halogen lamp for s the resin discs were polished submitted to initial surface roughness reading ra initial microm in a roughness tester and stored in water at degrees c for days the specimens were weighed m and submitted to simulated toothbrushing using slurry of water and dentifrice with high abrasiveness after minutes in the toothbrushing simulator the specimens were cleaned submitted to a new surface roughness reading ra final microm and reweighed m mass loss was determined as the difference between m and m data were recorded and analyzed statistically by oneway anova and tukey test at significance level the composite resin with greater size of inorganic fillers tph showed the lowest mass loss and surface roughness means indicating a higher resistance to toothbrush abrasion p definite cured with led presented the least resistance to toothbrush abrasion showing the highest means of surface roughness and mass loss p the led source did not show the same effectiveness as the halogen lamp for polymerizing this specific CR when the composite resins were cured a halogen lcu no statistically significant difference was observed among the materials p it may be concluded that the type of lightcuring unit and the resin composition seemed to interfere with the materials resistance to abrasion
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two solanesyl diphosphate synthases designated sps and sps which are responsible for the synthesis of the isoprenoid side chain of either plastoquinone or ubiquinone in arabidopsis thaliana were identified heterologous expression of either sps or sps allowed the generation of uq in a decaprenyl diphosphate synthasedefective strain of fission yeast and also in wildtype escherichia coli spsgfp was found to localize in the er while spsgfp localized in the pt of tobacco by cells these two different subcellular localizations are thought to be the reflection of their roles in solanesyl diphosphate synthesis in two different parts presumably sps and sps for the side chains of ubiquinone and plastoquinone respectively
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extensor tendon injury after osteosynthesis of DR fractures is a welldocumented complication it has been shown to be associated with screw protrusion through the dorsal cortex or plunging of the drill bit into the overlying tendon it is difficult to determine screw length and protrusion using the standard anteroposterior and lateral intraoperative fluoroscopic images because of the triangular configuration of the DR and lister tubercle in fractures with a coronal split it may be necessary to lag the dorsal fragment necessitating longer screws and risking screw protrusion beyond the dorsal cortex for these fractures we use a radiographic view aimed along the long axis of the radius to detect screw protrusion
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we present complementary flow cytometric and microscopic imaging methods both utilizing a membranetargeted camp sensor protein icue to examine HD signaling by the luteinizing hormone lh receptor in individual cells this receptor a seven TM domain protein belonging to the gpcr family signals by activating adenylate cyclase to increase camp C2 the icue sensor protein exhibits fluorescence energy transfer between its cfp and yfp moieties and the ratio of cfp emission to yfp sensitized emission yfpse increases with camp concentration we used multichannel FC to compare cfp emission and yfpse from each cell and hence measure that cells camp level this technique measured changes in camp levels in cho cells expressing lh receptors and stimulated by forskolin or the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin hcg and showed that significant celltocell variations exist in such camp responses because lh receptor behavior may reflect receptor expression C2 we developed a procedure to measure numbers of particular FL cell proteins from measurements of mesf bead standards for slightly different fluorophores we find that basal camp levels increase substantially in cells expressing high numbers mcherrylh receptors per cell this suggests activation through increased interreceptor interactions at high concentrations we then explored a microscopebased method for single ceto the best of our knowledge this is the first study of a labscale anmdbr process utilizing submerged hollow fiber CM the hybrid system utilizing both membrane distillation md and anaerobic bioreactors achieved inorganic salt rejection regardless the operation temperatures and high initial flux from l m
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atrial fibrillation af is a common growing and costly medical condition we aimed to evaluate the impact of a management algorithm for symptomatic af that used an emergency department observation unit on hospital admission rates and patient outcomes
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intravesical bacillus calmetteguerin bcg was a common treatment for nonmuscle invasive UC of the bladder the complication of prostatic abscess was rare we reported a case of tuberculous prostatic PA after bcg therapy a yearold man was diagnosed as bladder cancer and accepted transurethral resection of bladder tumor turbt treatment he received a week induction course without any infection complication following the second bcg maintenance instillation he complained of fever and dysuria TRUS trus demonstrated a welldefined complex mass in the RA lobe of his prostate the diagnosis of tuberculous prostatic abscess was considered after excluding other bacterial infection the patient was treated with an antituberculous regimen of isoniazid rifampicin and ethambutol the PS were relieved T3 weeks of ATT because of the GR to the medicine no further aspiration or drainage of prostatic PA was carried out the ATT had to be stopped for serious drug induced liver injury after weeks of ATT eight weeks later of stopping ATT the followup trus showed the disappearance of the prostatic PA and the test of his LF was normal considering the virulence of bcg is weaker than that of common tuberclebacillus the shorter course of antituberculous therapy maybe an alternative choice and surgical drainage is not always necessary
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the relationship between debrisoquine oxidation phenotype and the stereoselective metabolism of metoprolol was investigated in populations of british caucasians n and nigerian subjects n the h urinary srmetoprolol srm ratio was related to the ability to metabolise metoprolola and ca endowed with the properties of mediating the early events of the inflammatory process or the potentially cytolytic complex cbc c the main features of control of these activation processes d the identification of cell surface components present in the trypomastigote forms of trypanosoma cruzi possibly involved in the mechanisms developed by this parasite to evade c lysis e the inactivation or removal of these cell surface components by enzymatic TR or papain chemical periodate or PCS heating at degrees c treatments f isolation of these components by chromatographic methods and g demonstration that some of these cell surface components interfere with c convertase formation or action in a manner similar to the decay accelerating factor daf
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in a previously reported ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for antihtlvi igg polystyrene beads were handled with tweezers and bound betadgalactosidase activity was measured with a fluorometer the use of tweezers was causative of falsepositivity by carryover and testing many samples was difficult recently these drawbacks have been minimized using microplates and a fluororeader however tweezers were still required in the initial and final steps in the present study the immune complex comprising dinitrophenylantigen antihtlvi igg and antigenbetadgalactosidase conjugate was formed in and trapped onto microplate wells coated with antidinitrophenyl group igg subsequently the microplate wells were incubated with epsilon ndinitrophenylllysine and PS beads modified by attaching to plates through cylindrical bars and coated with antihuman igg gammachain igg to transfer the immune complex from the microplate wells to the modified polystyrene beads alternatively modified polystyrene beads coated with antidinitrophenyl group igg and microplate wells coated with antihuman igg gammachain igg were substituted for microplate wells coated with antidinitrophenyl group igg and modified PS beads coated with antihuman igg gammachain igg respectively the fluorescence intensity for bound beta-gal activity was quickly measured with a fluororeader thus the modified PS beads were transferred from wells to wells more quickly and easily without tweezers eliminating falsepositivity due to carryover and it became easy to test many samples with high sensitivity and reliability although the CA of bound betadgalactosidase activity became slightly more timeconsuming
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phagocytosis of microorganisms by polymorphonuclear leukocytes pmn is accompanied by inadvertent extracellular PR of microbicidal products this could result in tissue damage we investigated whether pmn damages EC cells when phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus occurs on the endothelial surface and how this damage might be modulated damage was assayed by the measurement of cell detachment or cell lysis of cultured EC cells that were radiolabeled with cr uptake of bacteria was accompanied by nonlytic detachment of endothelial cells from the monolayer this effect was inhibited by alphaantitrypsin but remained unaffected by scavengers of toxic oxygen species during phagocytosis pmn adhered to the EC cells adherence could be prevented by inhibition of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism of the pmn with nordihydroguaiaretic acid this inhibition also resulted in a marked decrease of the detaching activity of the pmn the addition of exogenous leukotriene b during phagocytosis greatly enhanced the damage to the EC ML these results indicate that phagocytosis of staphylococci by pmn is accompanied by injury to endothelial cell monolayers due to released lysosomal proteases and that products of the lipoxygenase pathway of pmn play a modulatory role in this injury
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an avian pneumovirus apv was isolated from commercial turkeys in colorado apvcolorado showing clinical signs of a NMRD the results of virus NT and indirect fluorescent antibody tests showed that the apvcolorado was partially related to apv subgroup a but was unrelated to apv subgroup b turkeys experimentally inoculated with the apvcolorado were observed for signs lesions SC and virus shedding thirtysix wkold turkeys were distributed into three CG eighteen turkeys were inoculated oculonasally with apvcolorado six were placed in contact at day hpi dpi and served as noninoculated controls tracheal swabs and blood samples were collected at and dpi tissues were collected from three inoculated and two control turkeys on aforementioned days for pathologic examination and apv isolation inoculated turkeys developed NMRD yielded apv at and dpi and seroconverted at dpi contact turkeys yielded apv at and dpi no gross lesions were observed in the turbinates infraorbital sinuses and trachea however microscopic examination revealed acute rhinitis sinusitis and tracheitis manifested by congestion edema lymphocytic and heterophilic infiltration and loss of ciliated epithelia the inflammatory lesions were seen at dpi and became extensive at and dpi active regenerative changes in the epithelia were seen at and dpi serologic survey for the presence of antibodies in commercial turkeys sera from states and chickens sera from states to apvcolorado showed seropositive turkeys in minnesota north dakota and south dakota and no seropositive chickens this report is the first on the isolation of an apv and apv infection in the united states
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the determination of polyhedral boron compounds such as BSH directly in blood plasma is described using ftir with computed nonlinear background subtraction of the water absorption band the procedure can be performed in less than min to a sensitivity level of ppm boron as a signalnoise ratio of which is satisfactory in the clinical application of such EDC in neutron capture therapy of cancer for boron EDC with suitable organic solubility extraction from plasma into carbon tetrachloride is described as an alternative approach not requiring computed subtraction and capable of achieving a sensitivity level of ppm both the boron and the lipid content of liposome formulations containing the polyhedral boron EDC can be measured simultaneously by ftir after SE into chclchoh or dispersion in ethanol the extracts are evaporated to dryness and redissolved in carbon tetrachloride for ftir assay
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the purpose of this retrospective T0 was to compare headache etiology type and burden and the learning and behavioral profile in children with earlyonset under years and lateonset years headaches the study included patients in the earlyonset group and in the lateonset group HA diagnosis was based on international classification of HA disorders ii ichdii criteria learning profile and behavioral problems were assessed by parental reports tension headache was the most common diagnosis in the earlyonset HA group no significant differences were found between the age groups with regard to HA etiology disability abnormal neuroimaging results school performance or attention problems nevertheless the earlyonset group patients had a significantly higher prevalence of behavioral problems versus p the authors suggest that early age of headache onset does not imply a harmful etiology or a relentless HA disability or burden
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by the method of tenaxta absorbent adsorption combined with gcms this paper analyzed the changes of the diurnal rhythm of the volatiles in the healthy branches and batocera horsfieldidamaged branches of viburnum awabuki and betula luminifera and electroantennogram technique was used to perform a comparative analysis on the electroantennogram eag responses of unmated male and female b horsfieldi to the volatiles T3 the FF by b horsfieldi there was a decrease in the contents of limonene nonanal hexadecane butyl acrylate and methylbutanoic acid in damaged branches of v awabuki and in the neohexane and hexadecane contents in damaged branches of b luminifera simultaneously new materials such as permethyl a octyl alcohol iodo decanal hexanal and bioallethrin etc were newly synthesized in the damaged branches the eag response values of unmated male and female b horsfieldi adults to the volatiles in the damaged branches of b luminifera were the highest being mv and mv while to the healthy branches of v awabuki were the lowest being mv and mv respectively as for the time period the eag response values of the adults to the volatiles were the lowest from to which accorded with the FF behaviors of the adults i e taking food in the field in early morning or at dusk
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we established a genomic model of quantitative trait with genomic additive and dominance relationships that parallels the traditional quantitative genetics MM which partitions a genotypic value as breeding value plus dominance deviation and calculates additive and dominance relationships using pedigree information based on this genomic model two sets of computationally complementary but mathematically MZ mixed MM methods were developed for genomic best linear unbiased prediction gblup and genomic restricted maximum likelihood estimation greml of additive and dominance effects using snp markers these two sets are referred to as the ce and qm sets where the ce set was designed for large numbers of markers and the qm set was designed for large numbers of individuals gblup and associated accuracy formulations for individuals in training and validation data sets were derived for breeding values dominance deviations and genotypic values simulation T0 showed that greml and gblup generally were able to capture small additive and dominance effects that each accounted for of the phenotypic variance and greml was able to differentiate true additive and dominance heritability C2 gblup of the total genetic value as the summation of additive and dominance effects had higher prediction accuracy than either additive or dominance gblup causal variants had the highest accuracy of greml and gblup and predicted accuracies were in PA with observed accuracies genomic additive and dominance relationship matrices using snp markers were consistent with theoretical expectations the greml and gblup methods can be an ERP tool for assessing the type and magnitude of genetic effects affecting a phenotype and for predicting the total genetic value at the whole genome level
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heavy metal contamination in soilssediments and its impact on human health and ecological environment have aroused wide concerns our study investigated samples of soils and sediments around dongting lake to analyze the concentration of as cd cr cu fe mn ni pb and zn in the samples and to distinguish the NK and anthropogenic sources also the relationship between heavy metals and the physicochemical properties of samples was studied by multivariate statistical analysis concentration of cd at most sampling sites were more than five times that of national environmental SQ standard for soil in china gb and pb and zn levels exceeded one to two times moreover cr in the soil was higher than the national environmental quality standards for one to two times while in sediment was lower than the national standard the investigation revealed that the accumulations of as cd mn and pb in the soils and sediments were affected apparently by anthropogenic activities however cr fe and ni levels were impacted by parent materials human MICs around dongting lake mainly consisted of industrial MICs mining and smelting sewage discharges fossil fuel combustion and agricultural chemicals the spatial CSD of heavy metal in soil followed the rule of geographical gradient whereas in sediments it was significantly affected by the river basins and human MICs the result of principal component analysis pca demonstrated that heavy metals in soils were associated with ph and total phosphorus tp while in sediments as cr fe and ni were closely associated with cation exchange capacity cec and ph where pb zn and cd were associated with TN tn tp total carbon tc MC mc SOM som and ignition lost il our research provides comprehensive approaches to better understand the potential sources and the fate of contaminants in lakeshore soils and sediments
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catecholomethyltransferase comt is thought to functionally modulate dopamine neurons thus likely influencing frontalexecutive functioning high CEA comt val and low CEA comt met are functional polymorphisms resulting from a g to a transition in exon codon of the human comt gene decreased cortical dopamine should result in poorer executive functioning therefore the authors hypothesized that individuals with traumatic brain injury tbi and the low CEA polymorphism would perform better on tests of EF than individuals with the high enzyme activity polymorphism one hundred thirteen individuals referred to the defense and veterans BB injury center underwent a comprehensive tbi DUE and were genotyped for the comt polymorphism comparison of mean differences among the comt TT CG for several measures of aspects of EF was conducted using analysis of variance anova with adjustment for multiple comparisons homozygotes for the higher activity S2 made more perseverative responses on the wisconsin card sorting test while homozygotes for the lower activity allele had the least number of perseverative responses while it cannot be determined whether tbi influenced the association of comt valmet to EF these data extend the known relationship of genotype to executive performance seen in healthy comparison subjects and individuals with schizophrenia to individuals with tbi
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necrotizing fasciitis are characterized by the CN of fascias and their severe consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality an early diagnosis based on sometimes subtle cutaneous lesions associated to a sepsis syndrome allows to start resuscitation and decide on a probable surgery L1 forms can be distinguished streptococcal fasciitis due to betahemolytic streptococci often following minor trauma and increasingly associated to a streptococcal toxic shock syndrome stts clostridial gangrene often polymicrobial when developed on a open wound or T3 surgery and synergistic gangrene due to a mixed aerobicanaerobic flora other apparently primitive NF caused by specific organisms may occur in debilitated patients the prognosis depends on age comorbidity and above all on the severity of the sepsis syndrome initial resuscitation involves controlling the SH and organ dysfunction associated with severe sepsis and is usually dominated by a severe hypovolemia penicillin g remains the key antibiotic for streptococcal and clostridial fasciitis with a broad spectrum including enterobacteriaceae streptococci and enterococci and anaerobes including bacteroides spp in other types or when the etiology is unknown in patients presenting with stss a combination of CLI or rifampin to penicillin is recommended because of their effect on exotoxin production administration of nonspecific immunoglobulins also appears to improve the outcome of patients affected hyperbaric oxygen therapy has not proved effective early surgical debridement largely influences the prognosis the prevention of complications associated with LT intensive care including early nutritional support and prevention of a thromboembolic disease is also important
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SP SN play an important role in early cortical OD to investigate whether these transient SN receive synaptic inputs we performed wholecell recordings from visually identified and biocytinlabeled subplate cells in somatosensory cortical slices from PN day rats subplate SN had an average resting membrane potential of mv and input resistance of approximately g ohms suprathreshold current injection elicited in of the cells repetitive action potentials at hz and the remaining showed only one spike three classes of spontaneous postsynaptic currents spscs could be identified i fast spscs with an average amplitude of pa and a decay time of ms which showed a decrease in their frequency during gammaaminohydroxymethylisoxazolepropionic KA ARB CTZ caused a fold increase in the decay time indicating that fast spscs were mediated by ampa receptors ii slow spscs with pa amplitude and ms decay time were blocked by the nmethyldaspartate nmda receptor antagonist cpp iii chloridedriven spscs with pa amplitude and ms decay time that were blocked by the GABA acid a gabaa receptor antagonist gabazine while tetrodotoxin citrate ttx blocked CR nmdamediated slow spscs the frequency of ampa and gabaamediated spscs was reduced in ttx by and respectively these results indicate that subplate neurons receive functional synaptic inputs mediated by ampa nmda and gabaa receptors
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in patients with spastic hemiparesis centre of foot pressure cop is shifted toward the unaffected limb during QS stance we hypothesised that abnormal gait features would correlate with the degree of asymmetry during stance in patients and normals we recorded cop and body sway by a force platform and measured spatialtemporal variables of gait with pedobarography in patients cop was shifted toward the unaffected limb and sway was larger than in normals cop position was associated with the decrease in strength of the affected lowerlimb muscles spatiotemporal variables of gait were also affected by the disease cadence and velocity were decreased duration of single support on the unaffected limb and of double support were increased with respect to normals the degree of impairment of gait variables correlated with cop we found a negative relationship between velocity or cadence and cop and a positive relationship between duration of single support and cop in the unaffected but not in the affected limb duration of double support correlated positively with cop cop asymmetry during both standing and walking suggests that postural and gait problems share some common neural origin in hemiparetic patients this asymmetry affects gait performance by increasing the time and effort needed to shift body weight toward the affected limb the degree of postural asymmetry measured by stabilometry is associated with the level of impairment of gait variables
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