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all studies to date of cholinergic systems of bony fishes have been done in teleosts to gain further insight into the evolution of the cholinergic systems of bony fishes we have studied the brain of a chondrostean fish the siberian sturgeon acipenser baeri brandt by using an antibody against choline acetyltransferase chat this T0 showed the presence of chatimmunoreactive chatir SN in the preoptic region parvocellular and MC POA nuclei and SCN nucleus the PV and tuberal hypothalamus the saccus vasculosus the dorsal TH and the habenula the mesencephalic tegmentum contained chatir cells in the torus semicircularis and torus lateralis the isthmus contained several cholinergic populations the nucleus isthmi the lateral nucleus of the valvula the AA visceral nucleus and the dorsal tegmental nucleus the motor neurons of the cranial SN and the spinal motor column were strongly immunoreactive the medial sensory TG nucleus also contained a chatir neuronal population the distribution of chatir neurons in the sturgeon BB showed some notable differences with that observed in teleosts such as the absence of cholinergic cells in the TEL and the optic tectum several BB regions were richly innervated by chatir fibers particularly the telencephalon OT thalamus posterior tubercle and interpeduncular nucleus the hypothalamohypophyseal tract the tract of the saccus vasculosus the fasciculus retroflexus and an isthmomesencephalothalamic tract were the most conspicuous ACh bundles comparative analysis of these results suggests that teleosts have conserved most traits of the ACh system of the sturgeon having acquired new cholinergic populations during evolution
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ANP is often complicated by pancreatic or peripancreatic infection since necrotizing pancreatitis may impair immune function thereby increasing susceptibility to bacterial infection we examined the expression of surface opsonin receptors cdb CR1 cdcd immunoglobulin g fc receptor on local neutrophils in mu acutwithin days if cells were returned to serumsupplemented medium but dopamine PR could not be recovered nerve growth factor ngf induced similar responses in pc cells cultured in both media including phosphorylation of extracellular signalregulated protein kinases and neurite extension transferrin was necessary for survival of neuritebearing pc cells subcultured in SF medium and insulin promoted the cells proliferation ten days SC with ngf produced a similar increase in NF-M expression and acetylcholinesterase activity in both media these results suggest that pc in the hormonally defined SFM are qualitatively the same as those cultured in serumsupplemented media and therefore this new SC protocol should enable more precise studies of pc cells SC in the absence of confounding unknown factors
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in sepsis SIRS sirs and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome mods a severe prognostically relevant cardiac AD exists as manifested by a strong attenuation of sympathetically and vagally mediated HRV hrv the mechanisms underlying this attenuation are not limited to the nervous system they also include alterations of the cardiac pacemaker cells on a cellular level as shown in human atrial cardiomyocytes endotoxin interacts with cardiac hyperpolarizationactivated cyclic nucleotidegated hcn ion channels which mediate the pacemaker current if and play an important role in transmitting sympathetic and vagal signals on heart rate and hrv moreover endotoxin sensitizes cardiac hcn channels to sympathetic signals these findings identify endotoxin as a pertinent modulator of the autonomic nervous regulation of heart function in mods the vagal pathway of the ANS is particularly compromised leading to an attenuation of the cholinergic antiinflammatory reflex an amelioration of the blunted vagal activity appears to be a promising novel therapeutic target to achieve a suppression of the inflammatory state and thereby an improvement of prognosis in mods patients preliminary data revealed therapeutic benefits increased survival rates and improvements of the depressed vagal activity of the administration of statins betablockers and angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors in patients with mods
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ECL assays for hydrolase enzymes have been developed using proenhancer and proantienhancer substrates alkaline phosphatase is measured using disodium paraiodophenyl phosphate proenhancer which is converted to paraiodophenol and this in turn enhances the CS emission from the horseradish peroxidase catalysed chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol by peroxide an alternative strategy uses paranitrophenyl phosphate which is converted by alkaline phosphatase to PNP which inhibits the enhanced chemiluminescent reaction the detection limit for the enzyme using the proenhancer and proantienhancer assays was attomoles and picomole respectively the proenhancer strategy was ERP in assays for betadgalactosidase betadglucosidase and aryl sulfatase a limited comparison of the proenhancer and a conventional colorimetric CA for an ALP phosphatase label in an enzyme immunoassay for alphafetoprotein showed good PA presented data indicating a genetically increased susceptibility to the disease and its coincidence with environmental risk in clustering patients are discussed
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perineural invasion and vascular invasion may be adverse prognostic AF in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma however the incidence of perineural and vascular invasion varies in the literature and the use of immunohistochemistry to enhance their detection has not been evaluated in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas
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postoperative cognitive dysfunction pocd is recognized as a complication T3 surgery in the elderly the exact pathogenic mechanisms of pocd are still unknown in this T0 we investigated the role of iron accumulation within the CE nervous system in the OD of cognitive dysfunction in rats following splenectomy cognitive CF was assessed using a morris water maze on postoperative days and impaired cognitive CF was observed on days and after splenectomy while an anesthesiaalone group showed no significant difference from the control SI C2 decreased and BB iron content increased on days and T3 surgery which was in parallel with the impairment of cognitive CF furthermore the levels of proteins involved in the maintenance of brain iron homeostasis including ferritin transferrin receptor and iron regulatory protein were significantly different at PODs and in the hippocampus of splenectomized animals when compared with those of the control the alterations in iron homeostasis were accompanied by intensified oxidative AS as measured by increases in the lipid peroxidation product MDA and a decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase activity overall these findings suggest that the impaired cognitive CF was primarily due to surgical trauma rather than anesthesia increased iron accumulation and oxidative AS in the brain especially in the hippocampus may be involved in the pathogenesis of pocd
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in recent years IA has been increasingly recognized as an alternative to TPE and used for the treatment of neurological disorders such as guillainbarré syndrome chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy MG neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis as well as autoimmune encephalitis unlike TPE which requires fluid replacement with a blood solution such as fresh frozen plasma or albumin immunoadsorption is a blood purification technique that enables the selective removal of humoral AF from separated plasma through a highaffinity adsorbent with tryptophan or phenylalanine although the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of immunoadsorption treatment remain to be fully elucidated they are based on the removal of pathogenic humoral factors from circulating blood such as diseasespecific autoantibodies complement and inflammatory cytokines the american society for apheresis has published evidencebased guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice with TPS instructions on neurological disorders however the modality recommended in the guidelines for most of these disorders is therapeutic plasma exchange this part of our review focuses on the clinical aspects of IA we also describe the tau of immunoadsorption and the evidence obtained by previous studies of the treatment of neurological disorders immunoadsorption could greatly improve the treatment of patients with autoimmune neurological disorders but further evidence is needed to confirm the efficacy of IA in clinical practice
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to evaluate dorsolateral prefrontal SC dlpfc physiology and CF simultaneously medicationfree patients with chronic schizophrenia and NCs underwent three separate xenon xe inhalation procedures for determination of regional CBF blood flow rcbf first at rest then while performing an automated version of theeral advantages over in vivo ARG and in vitro receptor assay
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the interaction between polyoxyethylene and dodecyl ether unitol l and l respectively and POE nonylphenol ether renex with amylopectin was studied employing the relative intensities of pyrene fluorescence emission bands to and excimer to monomer ratios the pyrene concentration was very low mumoll and the probe was added to amylopectin solution by two different methods these experimental conditions have given information about how amylopectin CB structure affects the molecular diffusiuenza season to assess in RT how lhds were dealing with the vaccine shortage implementing the interim recommendations from the advisory committee on immunization practices acip and making efforts to reallocate and redistribute doses of influenza vaccine toward highpriority populations within their communities this paper highlights lhd responses that alleviated adverse impacts during this public health emergency the first survey asked lhds to quantify their communitys vaccine supply the second survey asked them to describe their specific responses to the crisis and the third survey asked them to reflect and evaluate the effectiveness of their efforts to vaccinate highpriority groups during the crisis six hundred five of lhds in states responded to the three surveys results show that lhds leveraged preparedness plans formed strategic community partnerships and practiced vaccination drills to address the problems of vaccinating highpriority and hardtoreach populations that arose out of the vaccine shortage the practices used by lhds during this shortage may provide valuable response lessons to minimize the impact of future influenza vaccine shortages and other public health emergencies
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smoke smokewater and aerosols have a stimulatory effect on seed germination and growth vigour of many seedlings making them potentially useful for different purposes provided they do not pose a health risk therefore the genotoxicity of two kinds of smokewater and dimethylhfurocpyranone a variant of the most AS smoke compound methylhfurocpyranone was evaluated using the vitotox assay smokewater extracts were obtained from burning leaves themeda triandra smokewater tt and a mix of themeda triandra and passerina vulgaris smokewater kb no genotoxic effect was observed for any of the three samples however the three samples are toxic at the highest concentrations dimethylhfurocpyranone ppm smokewater tt dilutions smokewater kb dilution without addition of s mix both the butenolide dimethylhfurocpyranone and smokewater tt are also toxic at high doses in the presence of s ppm and dilutions and respectively but not smokewater kb thus from these results no genotoxicity of these three samples can be assumed which is accordance with the previous tests performed FL protein CG SNA increase of ± and ± respectively p an effect that was not observed in the mif group ± conversely the hsinduced increase in sympathetic nerve activity was potentiated in the csmif group ± p we propose that mif acting within the pvn is a L1 counterregulator of hsinduced sympathoexcitation an effect that depends on thiolprotein oxidoreductase activity
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multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor madsam neuropathy is characterized by an asymmetric multifocal DP of motor and sensory loss and CB and other features of demyelination in nerve conduction studies madsam neuropathy needs to be differentiated from CIDP cidp and multifocal motor neuropathy mmn in classic cidp there are symmetric proximal and distal weakness sensory deficit in both upper and lower extremities and reduced deep tendon reflex in mmn limb weakness without sensory loss is asymmetric in the CSD of individual IP nerves and the weakness typically begins in the distal upper extremities we report one patient with chronic progression of asymmetric numbness and weakness in four extremities madsam neuropathy was diagnosed after extensive clinical and laboratory evaluations it is very important to distinguish between cidp madsam neuropathy and mmn by clinical laboratory and histological features because of different ERP therapeutic strategies
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studying the vibration of atoms is of fundamental importance and can provide critical insight for the understanding of materials behavior such as structure and phase transition thermodynamics and chemical reactions the atomic vibration can be probed using vibrational spectroscopy with various incident particles such as photons neutrons or electrons a major challenge when applying these techniques is often how to interpret the vibrational spectra and how to make connections to the theory to this end methods that can simulate the spectra from atomistic models are highly desired in this paper we present a program developed for the simulation of inelastic neutron scattering spectra it has many new and useful features that were not previously available and will greatly facilitate the analysis and understanding of inelastic neutron scattering data
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evidence is provided that the glycolytic enzyme GAP dehydrogenase is covalently linked to the fibrous sheath the fibrous sheath is a typical structure of rat spermatozoa surrounding the axoneme in the principal piece of the flagellum more than of boar sperm glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase activity is sedimented T3 cell disintegration by centrifugation detergents different salt concentrations or short term incubation with chymotrypsin do not solubilize the enzyme whereas digestion with TR or PE does short term incubation with TR minutes even resulted in an activation of GAP dehydrogenase purification on phenylsepharose yielded a homogeneous glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase as judged from gel electrophoresis sdspage and native gradient page the molecular masses are and kda respectively suggesting native GAP dehydrogenase to be a hexamer rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised to purified glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase show a high specificity for rat spermatozoal GAP dehydrogenase while other proteins of boar spermatozoa or the muscle GAP dehydrogenase are not labelled immunogold staining performed in a postembedding procedure reveals the localization of GAP dehydrogenase along the FS in spermatozoa of boar bull rat stallion and man other structures such as the cell membrane dense fibres the axoneme or the mitochondria are free of label during the process of sperm maturation most of the cytoplasm of the sperm midpiece is removed as droplets during the passage through the epididymis the labelling of this cytoplasm in immature boar spermatozoa and in the droplets indicates that GAP dehydrogenase is completely removed from the midpiece during sperm maturation in the epididymis the inverse compartmentation of the glycolytic enzyme and mitochondria in the mammalian sperm flagella suggests that atpproduction in the principal piece mainly occurs by glycolysis and in the midpiece by respiration
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the pharmacodynamics of BAC on the bladder and urethral sphincters in acute and chronic spinal cord injury male patients were evaluated a total of supine and sitting urodynamic profiles was done in patients BAC decreased external urethral sphincter resistance by depressing pudendaltopudendal nerve reflex through spinal cord presynaptic hyperpolarization this new centrally acting antispastic drug produced a significant reduction of residual urine in per cent of the cases within an average of weeks baclofen is a new alternative in the medical treatment of postural nonelectrically induced detrusor striated sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients indications for external sphincterotomy are discussed
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increasing evidence suggests cerebellar involvement in procedural learning to further analyze its role and to assess whether it has a lateralized influence in the present T0 we used a repetitive TMS stimulation interference RPA in a group of normal subjects performing a serial reaction time task we studied normal volunteers subjects underwent rTMS on the left cerebellum and performed the task with the RA subjects or left subjects hand subjects underwent rTMS on the RA cerebellum and performed the task with the hand ipsilateral subjects or contralateral subjects to the stimulation another subjects served as controls and were not submitted to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of them performed the task with the right hand and with the left hand the main results show that interference with the activity of the lateral cerebellum induces a significant decrease of procedural learning interference with the right cerebellar hemisphere activity induces a significant decrease in procedural learning regardless of the hand used to perform the serial reaction time task whereas left cerebellar hemisphere activity seems more linked with procedural learning through the ipsilateral hand in conclusion the present study shows for the first time that a transient interference with the functions of the cerebellar SC results in an impairment of procedural learning in normal subjects and it provides new evidences for interhemispheric differences in the lateral cerebellum
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presented here is a radically novel RPA to reduce concentration polarization and potentially also fouling by colloids present in AQ feeds magnetically responsive micromixing CM hydrophilic polymer chains polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate phema were grafted via controlled surfaceinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization siatrp on the surface of polyamide composite nanofiltration nf membranes and then endcapped with superparamagnetic iron oxide magnetite feo NPs the results of all functionalization steps that is bromide atrp Inr immobilization siatrp conversion of phema end CG from bromide to amine and carboxylfunctional feo nanoparticle immobilization via peptide coupling have been confirmed by XPS xps and field emission scanning electron microscopy fesem these nanoparticles experience a magnetic force as well as a torque under an oscillating external magnetic field it has been shown using particle image velocimetry piv that the resulting movement of the polymer brushes at certain magnetic field frequencies induces mixing directly above the membrane surface furthermore it was demonstrated that with such CM the nf performance could significantly be improved increase of flux and salt rejection by an oscillating magnetic field which can be explained by a reduced concentration polarization in the boundary layer however the proofofconcept presented here for the AS alteration of macroscopic flow via surfaceanchored micromixers based on polymernanoparticle conjugates has much broader implications
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a male neonate with vein of galen aneurysmal malformation developed fetal heart failure after a gestation period of weeks labor was induced but a cesarean section had to be performed because of FD his apgar scores were at birth the boy required controlled ventilation due to generalized seizure and cyanosis neuroimaging revealed vein of galen aneurysmal malformation with enormous arteriovenous shunt flows transarterial embolization was performed on days and to reduce the progressive highoutput CHF three C1 feeders were occluded with interlocking detachable coils markedly reducing the shunt flow although HR failure improved markedly he died of PH on day endovascular surgery can improve the prognosis of HF in the neonatal period less invasively than other treatment modalities and may help to minimize ischemic brain damage and thus increase the possibility of normal BB maturation
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presumably because of its potent immunomodulatory activity the use of interferon has led to the OD of autoimmune disease in susceptible individuals because PS is considered to be in part an autoimmune phenomenon it is plausible that interferon may influence disease activity we describe the development of psoriatic plaques in two patients without a history of this disease while they were receiving interferon alfa and extracorporeal photochemotherapy for erythrodermic cutaneous TCL paradoxically in both patients the erythroderma resolved with subsequent de novo ON of PS this clinical sequence provides support for disparate immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of these disorders both of which are typified by lymphoid infiltrates a review of the literature reveals that all forms of interferons have been associated with the exacerbation of psoriatic plaques but that only IFN has induced de novo development of PS
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the C2 of aflatoxins and zearalenone were determined in samples of corn from the states of santa catarina minas gerais são paulo paraná rio grande do sul and espÃrito santo by TLC the samples were obtained from april through to march in of these samples aflatoxin b was detected in concentrations that varied from to microgramskg ppb samples showed C2 above those tolerated by brazilian legislation zearalenone was found in of the samples analysed in concentrations that varied from to microgramskg ppb the limit of PCD of the method for the determination of zearalenone was microgramskg ppb and the REC was
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the reported data in regard to increased prevalence of MS ms in women are contradictory the goal of this T0 was to investigate the sexspecific prevalence of ms as a surrogate for rheumatic heart disease
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the effect of an immunomodulator the immunoferon if on the course of exp infections with staphylococcus aureus and on cellular immune reactions foot pad swelling test was examined the substance is a glycophosphopeptide adsorbed on sulfurized calcium phosphate the if improves clearly the therapeutic effect of penicillin but has no significant effect when given alone the substance neutralizes the negative effect of hydrocortisone on the therapeutic effectivity of penicillin the cellular immune reaction is reduced by very small doses of if but is enhanced progressively by higher doses the effect of hydrocortisone is abolished in this respect
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the interindividual variation in the rate of drug metabolism and disposition has been known for many years pharmacogenomics dealing with heredity and response to drugs is a part of science that attempts to explain R2 of drug responses and to search for the genetic basis of such variations or differences genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters have been found to play a significant role in the patients responses to medication accumulating evidence demonstrates that certain nonsynonymous polymorphisms have great impacts on the protein stability and degradation as well as the CF of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters the aim of this review article is to address a new aspect of protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum and to present examples regarding the impact of nonsynonymous singlenucleotide polymorphisms on the protein stability of thiopurine smethyltransferase as well as atpbinding cassette abc transporters including abcc CFTR cftr abcc abcc and abcg furthermore we will discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying posttranslational modifications intramolecular and intermolecular disulfide bond formation and nlinked glycosylation and ubiquitinmediated proteasomal degradation of abcg one of the L1 drug transporter proteins in humans
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streptococcus pyogenes or group a streptococcus gas is a L1 human pathogen causing infections such as tonsillitis erysipelas and sepsis several gas strains bind host complement regulator FH cfh via its domain and thereby evade complement attack and cbmediated opsonophagocytosis importance of cfh IB for survival of gas has been poorly studied because removal of cfh from plasma or blood causes vigorous complement activation and TPS inhibitors of the interaction have not been available in this study we found that activation of human complement by different gas strains n correlated negatively with binding of cfh via its domains the importance of acquisition of host cfh for survival of gas in vitro was studied next by blocking the IB with recombinant cfh lacking the RII domains using this fragment in full human blood resulted in death or radically reduced multiplication of all of the studied cfhbinding gas strains to study the importance of cfh IB in vivo ie for pathogenesis of streptococcal infections we used our recent finding that gas binding to cfh is diminished in vitro by polymorphism h which is also associated with agerelated macular degeneration we showed that allele h is suggested to be associated with protection from erysipelas n and streptococcal tonsillitis n compared with controls n p taken together the bacterial in vitro survival data and human genetic association revealed that binding of cfh is important for pathogenesis of gas infections and suggested that inhibition of cfh IB can be a novel therapeutic RPA in gas infections
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enhancing endoflife care eolc is a core component of international governments health policies across the globe nurses make significant contributions to eolc and at this delicate time have the SP to positively influence the health and wellbeing of those facing death indeed health promotion is a core component of the nurses role originating in the uk eolc pathways have been adopted around the world their broad aim is to optimise the quality of the dying process enabling people to die well across care settings this paper examines eolc pathways in terms of promoting health and wellbeing in this discrete stage of the dying trajectory concepts of health and HP are described briefly and the idea of healthpromoting palliative care and its association with a good death examined the ensuing discussion relates to two eolc documents while acknowledging that much has been achieved it is argued that despite the potential for promoting health and wellbeing a professionally led biomedical approach predominates and in terms of promoting health and wellbeing at the end of life there is a pressing need for proactive advance care planning at an earlier point in the illness trajectory
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previous EP studies have demonstrated that NIC intravenously po excites NE neurons in the LC lc indirectly by releasing excitatory amino acids eaa in the present T0 the excitatory action of nicotine was inhibited by treatment with the selective ht reuptake inhibitor citalopram or the hta receptor agonist ohdpat it is proposed that the antagonism between NIC and citalopram or ohdpat reflects an interaction between endogenous eaa eg glu and ht the results may on a cellular basis explain the attributed effectiveness of drugs that facilitate serotonergic neurotransmission in promoting smoking cessation
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the epiphytic lichen parmelia sulcata was collected in the neighborhood of a portuguese coalfired SP station sines coal SP station as monitor for heavy metal air pollution a T0 of the metal contents R2 along and was performed the heavy metals ag as br co cr fe hg sb se and zn were determined by kbased instrumental neutron activation analysis the concentrations found in and show an accumulating process of co and fe approximately mo and of cr and sb approximately mo low accumulation is observed for ag se and zn approximately mo and no concentration R2 is observed for as br and hg it is concluded that the metal accumulation observed is the result of the nearby ash and coal deposits
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we report our clinic experience with CE venous catheters cvcs in children with haemophilia who in total had catheters seventeen of the children had broviac catheters external had an implantable device portacath only while four had broviac and PAC at different times the age of the patients at the time of initial catheter placement ranged from months to years were under age years indications for cvc placement included induction of immune tolerance treatment of hivrelated complications prophylactic therapy following intracranial haemorrhage primary prophylaxis and secondary prophylaxis catheterrelated infection was the most common complication occurring in of the external catheters of these infections occurred in hivnegative subjects staph and strep species were the most common infectious organisms isolated minor bleeding around the catheter occurred in of cases even with adequate correction of haemophilia three children accidentally removed the external catheter thrombosis of the catheter was uncommon occurring in only two patients one of whom had a small P0 size external catheter when presenting with line sepsis haemophilic children who were hiv negative had transient temperature spikes approximately h T3 catheter flushing this presentation was different from our oncology or hivpositive patients with cvcrelated sepsis our experience with ports portacath in haemophilic children is limited but catheterrelated infection seems to be less of a problem with the implantable device and the ports have been well accepted by our haemophilic patients and their parents
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the relative prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and the agents available for the treatment of these diseases commonly presenting as genital dischargesnamely gonorrhoea candidosis trichomoniasis and nonspecific genital infectionare reviewed the many agents that are active against gonorrhoea are listed but none is ideal penicillin in spite of its allergic SE has remained the drug of choice for years because it is cheap easily obtained lacks toxicity even in pregnancy and is ERP its use is now threatened by the emergence of some strains that are able to produce penicillinase at present the policy is to obtain the best results from penicillin while these are acceptable but the clinician in some countries is badly served by the availability of procaine penicillin in AQ suspension there is a need for an effective penicillin or cephalosporin that is penicillinase resistant and cheap cefuroxime offers considerable hope but it is likely to be expensive in the immediate futurethere are many S9 for the local treatment of candidosis the confidence expressed by the manufacturers in recommending a threeday treatment is it is hoped based on a superior product nevertheless there is a need for a safe systemically absorbed fungicide which could be used orally or some substance that could render the vagina an inhospitable environment for the organismin the treatment of trichomoniasis the pharmaceutical industry in providing substances more than effective in a single dose has done all that can be expected any further advancescause these patients more often develop dehiscence of the ABD wall serious dilutional hyponatremia and severe PET RI acute renal failure both PET or caused by an organic TI nephropathy peritonitis persistent hepatolytic episode hyperdynamic heart failure and reoperations in general independently of the causes the frequency of these complications and the greater or lesser seriousness of their development in the postoperative period are dependent on the age of the patient with a better prognosis for those under the histopathologic type of the hepatic lesion with hepatic fibrosis having a more favourable evolution in comparison with cirrhosis the degree of decompensation of the hepatopathy immediately before the operation evaluating signs of functional hepatic deficit cytolysis and degree of portal hypertension the greater the preoperative activity the worse the postsurgical prognosis the elective or urgent character of the surgery during the postoperative course of emergency surgery all types of complications may appear the emergency T0 which has effectively achieved the stopping of the esophageal one has been the portoazygos disconnection which allows later a portosystemic shunt with a greater probability of success the type of anastomosis carried out radicular shunts were those which had a lower postoperative mortality rate and those which progressed better because of the small number of problems occurring in the early postoperative period
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fires emit significant amounts of co to the atmosphere these emissions however are highly variable in both space and time additionally co emissions estimates from fires are very uncertain the combination of high spatial and temporal R2 and substantial uncertainty associated with fire co emissions can be problematic to efforts to develop RS monitoring and inverse modeling techniques to quantify carbon fluxes at the continental scale policy and carbon management decisions based on atmospheric samplingmodeling techniques must account for the impact of fire co emissions a task that may prove very difficult for the foreseeable future this paper addresses the R2 of co emissions from fires across the us how these emissions compare to anthropogenic emissions of co and net primary productivity and the potential implications for monitoring programs and policy development
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selective inhibition of t cell costimulation using the bspecific F0 protein ctlaig has been shown to induce longterm allograft survival in rodents antibodies preventing the interaction between cd and its t cellbased ligand cd cdl have been shown in rodents to act synergistically with ctlaig it has thus been hypothesized that these agents might be capable of inducing LT acceptance of allografted tissues in primates to test this hypothesis in a relevant preclinical model ctlaig and the cdlspecific monoclonal antibody c were tested in Rh monkeys both agents effectively inhibited Rh mixed lymphocyte reactions but the combination was times more effective than either drug CT renal allografts were Tx into nephectomized Rh monkeys shown to be disparate at MHC-I and class ii loci control animals rejected in days brief induction doses of ctlaig or c CT significantly prolonged rejectionfree survival days two of four animals treated with both agents experienced D2 days rejectionfree allograft survival two animals treated with c CT and one animal treated with both c and ctlaig experienced late biopsyproven AAR but a repeat course of their induction regimen successfully restored normal graft function neither drug affected peripheral t cell or b cell counts there were no clinically evident SE or rejections during treatment we conclude that ctlaig and c can both prevent and reverse acute allograft AAR significantly prolonging the survival of L1 histocompatibility complexmismatched renal allografts in primates without the need for chronic immunosuppression
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this study was undertaken to determine the incidence and significance of enlarged mitochondria swollen or giant in individuals with various forms of MLD and in patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome enlarged mitochondria were observed in CL biopsies and in renal biopsies they were present in HCs but not in the bile duct epithelial cells and in the epithelial cells of both proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron the available exp data indicate that enlargement of this organelle is associated with inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation mitochondrial swelling follows almost universally every type of cell injury but megamitochondria with intramatrical crystals appear only under certaonic glomerulonephritis were measured on the ALP hydrolyzate of the glomeruli ohydroxylysylglycosides in glomeruli were nmoles mean sd for controls nmoles for diabetics and nmoles for subjects with chronic glomerulonephritis hydroxyproline in glomeruli from control diabetics and subjects with chronic glomerulonephritis was and nmoles respectively hydroxyproline in the hyalinized glomeruli from diabetics was nmoles glomeruli and significantly increased in comparison with that in the glomeruli from chronic glomerulonephritis or control subjects
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clostridium difficile cd is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in solid organ transplantation sot between and a total of solid organ transplants were performed at our institution of which patients developed cdassociated diarrhea there were lung heart CL KP kidney composite tissue and multivisceral recipients onset of cd infection ranged from to days posttransplant all patients presented with ABD pain and watery diarrhea toxins a and b were detected using rapid immunoassay or enzyme immunoassay treatment consisted of reduction of IS fluid and electrolyte replacement metronidazole n oral vancomycin n and a combination of metronidazole and vancomycin n toxic megacolon was seen in five patients two of them had colonoscopic decompression and the remaining three required colonic resection one of these patients died due to multiorgan failure T3 cured cd enteritis the remaining patients were discharged with wellfunctioning grafts and all are currently alive cd colitis was a rare complication prior to of the cases occurred thereafter we conclude that cd colitis represents a severe complication following sot recently a dramatic increase in the incidence of this complication has been observed the OD of lifethreatening toxic megacolon must be considered in solid organ recipients
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the aim of this study was to describe glycemic control C2 fasting plasma glucose fpg and glycosylated hemoglobin hbac and pharmacotherapy NC patterns among a cohort of patients with type diabetes mellitus tdm receiving various antidiabetic agents
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ate as to the quaternary structural organization of the seca dimer here a sitedirected photocrosslinking technique was utilized to identify residues on the escherichia coli seca ecseca dimer interface in the cytosol of intact cells the feasibility of this method was demonstrated with residue leu which is essential for ecseca dimerization based on our analytical UC studies of seca la and shown to form the crosslinked seca dimer in vivo with pbenzoylphenylalanine pbpa substituted at position subsequently the amino terminus residues to in the nucleotide binding domain nbd phe in the preprotein IB domain pbd and tyr and arg in the intramolecular regulator of the atpase domain ira were identified to be involved in ecseca dimerization furthermore the incorporation of pbpa at position did not form a crosslinked dimer in the seca δ context indicating the possibility that the amino terminus may directly contact arg or that the deletion of residues to alters the topology of the naturally occurring ecseca dimer
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to evaluate the performance of the systemic lupus erythematosus sle responder index sri when the sle disease activity index sledaik is substituted with sledaik responder index sri a valid and reliable index of SLEDAI improvement also to determine whether the sri will enhance the ability of sri in detecting responders
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the comparative influence on plasma and tissue lipids of dietary soybean and egg lecithins which have contrasting fatty acid compositions was studied in the hypercholesterolemic guinea pig the PUFA to saturated fatty acid ps ratios of the soybean and egg lecithins were and respectively hypercholesterolemia was induced by FF guinea pigs a purified diet that contained lard EC with cholesterol subsequently guinea pigs were fed for six wk the same diet supplemented with either soybean or egg lecithin as of the diet a control group continued to be fed the lecithinfree diet parameters measured included body weight and relative liver weight in plasma total cholesterol HD VLDL hdlc phospholipid and nonesterified cholesterol in liver TF cholesterol and the specific activity of the catabolic enzyme cholesterol CYP17 ec and in the aorta cholesterol among the most noteworthy observations were the decrease in TPC of the soybean lecithin group without decreasing hdlc and the increase in hdlc of the egg lecithin group without a significant increase in total cholesterol compared with those values in the control group these data suggest that dietary lecithin is particularly effective in increasing the hdlctotal cholesterol ratio in plasma however the absolute concentrations of those plasma lipids seem to depend upon the HFA composition of the lecithin
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in the present study we measured the effects of PTZ ptzinduced status epilepticus on the bloodbrain barrier bbb permeability in rats at PN age p or days p seizures were induced by the repetitive injection of subconvulsive doses of ptz until the ON of status epilepticus characterized as the loss of quadruped posture the bbb permeability changes to the poorly diffusible CAA c AIB aib were measured by ARG at min after the ON of status epilepticus seizures induced a generalized increase in bbb permeability to aib that was significant in and regions out of the studied at p and p respectively highest increases over control C2 were recorded at both ages in interpeduncular nucleus raphe nuclei and TG nerve tractus quite high increases were recorded in cortical inferior collicular and thalamic Az at p and in VPI colliculus cerebellar cortex Thy and thalamic regions at p cerebral blood volume measured with csucrose over a min period was significantly increased over control levels in hypothalamus and cerebellum at p and in all BB regions except hippocampus and BS at p the widespread increase in bbb permeability is at least partly related to the blood pressure increase and over control values at p and p respectively in the p rat generalized bbb leakage appears to be correlated to the widespread increase in CBF metabolic and blood flow rates that we recorded previously in the same experimental conditions conversely at p as previously shown in adults there is a mismatch between the nature of the structures with increased bbb permeability and the regional distribution of cerebral blood flow and metabolism changes induced by ptz seizures
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the ripeningrelated pepper endobetadglucanase egase cacel was overexpressed in transgenic tomato plants under the control of the con the most common cause of mental retardation known to be inherited the syndrome results from the suppressed expression of a single protein the fragile x mental retardation protein fmrp understanding the function and regulation of fmrp can therefore offer insights into both the pathophysiology of fragile x syndrome and the molecular mechanisms of learning and SM we provide an overview of current concepts of how fmrp functions in the nervous system with special emphasis on recent evidence that fmrp has a role in metabotropic glu receptoractivated protein translation and synaptic STDP
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the effects of mg triazolam tri and mg flunitrazepam fnz on the sleep electroencephalogram eeg were studied in eleven six for tri and five for fnz healthy young male subjects c eeg channel data of one baseline night three drug nights and two withdrawal nights were recorded and their analyzed using a fast 3DFT fft method changes in the hz to hz power spectrum showed that both tri and fnz increased higher frequency activity and reduced lower frequency activity on the drug nights on drug nights nrem sigma frequency SP was more strongly enhanced by tri than fnz while the beta SP of both nrem and rem was more strongly enhanced by fnz than tri nrem alpha SP increased on the second night of withdrawal from both tri and fnz the SP spectra for both nrem and rem sleep returned to baseline levels by the fourth night of withdrawal from either tri or fnz these findings suggest that mg tri and mg fnz have both common and differing pharmacological effects on the CE NS such differences could be caused by differences in the dose halflife or systemic CSD of these two drugs
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in both PSC and primary biliary cirrhosis it is supposed that immunological mechanisms are involved in the progressive destruction of the bile ducts the aberrant expression of human leukocyte antigendr in the bile ducts of patients with these disorders enables the biliary epithelium to present putative antigens to the surrounding lymphocytes however no such antigen has been identified heatshock proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various immunological destructive disorders LB specimens from patients with PBC n and primary sclerosing cholangitis n were compared with those from patients with CHC infection n and alcoholic cirrhosis n and from NCs n CL sections were investigated by means of immunohistochemical T0 using a mouse monoclonal antibody ml directed against the kd heatshock protein of mycobacterium with monoclonal antibody against HLA antigendr and with the monoclonal antibody identitr tcr delta which recognizes a determinant on the deltachain of the gammadelta form of the human tcell receptor HLA antigendr expression was found on the biliary epithelium of all PSC and primary biliary cirrhosis patients but not on bile ducts from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis or chronic HCV or those from normal controls the biliary epithelium reacted with ml in of primary biliary cirrhosis patients and in all PSC patientsabstract truncated at words
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hierarchical decision making is a multidimensional process involving management of multiple objectives with associated metrics and tradeoffs in terms of costs benefits and risks which span various C2 of a largescale system the nation is a hierarchical system as it consists multiple classes of decisionmakers and stakeholders ranging from national policymakers to operators of specific critical infrastructure subsystems critical infrastructures eg transportation telecommunications SP banking etc are highly complex and interconnected these interconnections take the form of flows of information shared security and physical flows of commodities among others in recent years economic and infrastructure sectors have become increasingly dependent on networked information systems for efficient operations and timely delivery of products and services in order to ensure the stability sustainability and operability of our critical economic and infrastructure sectors it is imperative to understand their inherent physical and economic linkages in addition to their cyber interdependencies an interdependency model based on a transformation of the leontief inputoutput io model can be used for modeling the steadystate economic effects triggered by a consumption shift in a given sector or set of sectors and the resulting ripple effects to other sectors the inoperability metric is calculated for each sector this is achieved by converting the economic impact typically in monetary units into a percentage value relative to the size of the sector disruptive events such as terrorist attacks natural disasters and largescale accidents have historically shown cascading effects on both consumption and production hence a dynamic model extension is necessary to demonstrate the interplay between combined demand and supply effects the result is a foundational FR for modeling cybersecurity scenarios for the oil and gas sector a hypothetical case study examines a cyber attack that causes a week shortfall in the crude oil supply in the gulf coast area
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determining sex ratios of endangered populations is important for wildlife management particularly species subject to sexspecific threats or that exhibit temperaturedependent sex determination sea turtle sex is determined by incubation temperature and individuals lack external sexbased traits until sexual maturity previous research utilized serumplasma testosterone radioimmunoassays ria to determine sex in immaturejuvenile sea turtles however there has been a growing application of enzymelinked immunosorbent CA elisa for wildlife endocrinology studies but no study on sea turtles has compared the results of elisa and ria this study provides the first sex ratio for a threatened east pacific green sea turtle chelonia mydas foraging aggregation a critical step for future management of this species here we validate a testosterone elisa and compare results between ria and elisa of duplicate samples the elisa demonstrated excellent correspondence with the ria for providing testosterone concentrations for GSD neither assay proved reliable for predicting the sex of reproductively AS females with increased testosterone production we then applied elisa to examine the sex ratio of green turtles foraging in san diego bay california of immature turtles sampled sex could not be determined for three turtles because testosterone concentrations fell between the ranges for either sex females pgml males pgml and these turtles were not subsequently recaptured to enable GSD using a bayesian MM to predict probabilities of turtle sex we predicted all three unknowns were female additionally the MM assigned all turtles with their correct sex if determined at recapture with accuracy results indicated a female bias fm among all turtles in the aggregation when focusing only on putative immature turtles the SR was fm with AGA validation elisa sexing could be applied to other sea turtle species and serve as a crucial conservation tool
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capsulated mutants of pneumococcus producing a capsule of soluble polysaccharide related immunologically to the c or cell wall polysaccharide of pneumococcus have been isolated from several noncapsulated SCV of this organism the capsular material of these strains reacts with antisera both to rat strains and to noncapsulated strains of pneumococcus and with human creactive protein creactive protein has been shown to give a positive capsular precipitin or quellung reaction with cs pneumococcal SCV and to agglutinate them the genetic locus which determines the production of cs polysaccharide is situated in a region of the pneumococcal chromosome distinct from that controlling normal capsular polysaccharide synthesis binary and ternary capsulated pneumococci one of the capsular components of which is cs polysaccharide have been isolated following dnamediated transformation
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the woods lamp a handheld instrument that uses longwave ultraviolet uv CS with magnification of times is commonly used by nonophthalmologists for examining patients with eye complaints the goal of current research was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the woods lamp for common eye CA
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although the acetylation of histones has a welldocumented RII role in transcription its role in other chromosomal functions remains largely unexplored here we show that distinct patterns of histone h acetylation are essential in two separate pathways of doublestrand break repair a budding yeast CS with mutations in wildtype h acetylation CS shows defects in nonhomologous end joining repair and in a newly described pathway of replicationcoupled repair both pathways require the esa histone acetyl transferase hat which is responsible for acetylating all h tail lysines including ectopic lysines that restore repair capacity to a mutant h tail arp a protein that binds histone h tails and is part of the esacontaining nua hat complex is recruited specifically to dna doublestrand breaks that are generated in vivo the purified esaarp hat complex acetylates linear nucleosomal arrays with far greater efficiency than circular arrays in vitro indicating that it preferentially acetylates nucleosomes near a break site together our data show that histone tail acetylation is required directly for dna repair and suggest that a related human hat complex may function similarly
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nitric oxide synthase nos and VIP vipimmunoreactive SN projecting to the upper rectum or penis were examined using retrograde tracing combined with immunohistochemistry in the MPG of male rats five days after injection of fluorogold fg into the upper rectum or penis the L1 pelvic ganglion was treated with colchicine fg injected into the upper rectum labelled many ganglion SN in the major pelvic ganglion immunohistochemistry showed that of fglabelled SN were immunoreactive for nos and for vip T3 injection of fg into the penis of fglabelled neurons were immunoreactive for nos and for vip serial cryostat sections stained for nos and vip respectively showed the colocalization of nos and vip in the GCs projecting to the rectum and penis in the MPG of the colchicinetreated animals about of the GCs were immunoreactive for nos and were immunoreactive for vip these SN were small in diameter less than microns a histogram showing cell sizes in crosssectional areas of nosimmunoreactive neurons coincided with that of vipimmunoreactive SN most of the nos and vipimmunoreactive SN were less than microns these results indicate that small SN containing both nos and vip in the MPG project to the rectum and penis in the penile erectile tissues and enteric ganglia no and vip may be released from the same axons and may act concomitantly on the target tissue
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callithrix jacchus marmosets INF with epsteinbarr virus ebv with or without concurrent treatment with cyclosporin a cysa remained healthy five marmosets given virus CT developed lymphocytosis and heterophile antibody antibody to ebv CA antigens vca appeared and remained at titers of from weeks onward two animals produced antibody to the r component of early antigens ea from six weeks onward five cysatreated ebvinfected marmosets showed no increase in total lymphocyte counts only two developed heterophile antibody four developed persistent antibody to the ear component all developed antibody to vca and mean titers were higher than in animals given ebv CT antibody to vca also appeared in animals given ebv into WR because these responses to ebv resemble those of humans c jacchus may provide a useful model for exploring the potential of cofactors in inducing ebvassociated malignancy
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to examine the ability of rofecoxib prophylaxis to blunt the effect of monosodium urate msu crystal inflammation induced in the rat subcutaneous air pouch
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community instruction in basic life support and resuscitation techniques has been offered in brighton health district since classes are held frequently for the general public and businesses schools and other organisations first aid care for unconscious patients the treatment of respiratory one or failure and the recognition and management of CA is taught in a single two hour session over people have been taught up to at a time in multiple CG of six to eight by lay instructors usually supervised by ambulancemen TR to paramedic standards fifty four incidents have been reported to us in which techniques learnt in the classes have been implemented five patients recovered after first aid support but subsequently did not seek medical treatment of the patients reviewed in hospital at least survived to be discharged we believe that MI may have been life saving in instances the benefit of CP resuscitation for victims who may have been asystolic is however difficult to quantify because the outcome without MI cannot be predicted accurately community training in basic life support should be considered in association with ambulances equipped for resuscitation and hospital intensive care and cardiac care units as an integrated service for the victims of sudden circulatory or respiratory emergencies the results achieved so far in brighton and in other more advanced schemes particularly in the united states of america may encourage other HAs to adopt similar programmes
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the purpose of the study was the clinical DUE of the new pcecrabiesvaccine in healthy volunteester and in other mammals the beagle dog and marmoset monkey following chronic day p.o. of clobuzarit at two dose C2 expected peak serum C2 of clobuzarit were achieved in all species except the marmoset in which C2 were approximately half those predicted dosedependent enlargement of rat and mouse CL cells assessed qualitatively by light microscopy was observed this finding was accompanied by proliferation of peroxisomes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum assessed by electron microscopy and enzymatically in the rat and mouse the fatty acid oxidation enzyme systems of peroxisomes and endoplasmic reticulum were markedly induced the hamster showed no increase in liver cell size but there was a limited proliferation of peroxisomes indicated by electron microscopy and enzymatically and an increase in endoplasmic reticulum fatty acid oxidase no proliferative effects were observed in the CL of the dog or marmoset lowering of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol was observed in the rat only the differences in the morphological and biochemical responses to clobuzarit among the species used in this toxicity testing clearly illustrate the problems of predicting effects in man from animal data
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sodium salicylate was microencapsulated with ethylcellulose cp by polymer deposition from cyclohexane by temperature NC to give a finer product with slower drug PR than that obtained with cp grade of EC SEM microscope and CP disc swelling studies confirmed that larger microcapsules T3 drug release ruptured into smaller particles with swollen surfaces containing pores treatment of microcapsules with paraffin wax solution retarded release of core material the PR being affected by the percentage of sealant used and the particle size of the product the mechanism of PR from the sealed microcapsules was complex involving mainly diffusion but CP erosion and drug binding were also involved other sealant materials were less effective in retarding dissolution
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the outcome of patients with T3 stage rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely poor with a diseasefree survival of less than at years ABMT transplantation for patients with clinical group iv rhabdomyosarcoma may be an ERP therapy the BMI diagnosed by LM is for patients with T3 disease the present T0 was performed to test the ability of hydroperoxycyclophosphamide hc to eliminate clonogenic rhabdomyosarcoma cells four different human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines were treated in vitro with hc at a concentration of microgramsml limiting dilution analysis was performed to detect surviving clonogenic RT cells treatment with hc resulted in log of beta of clonogenic tumor cells in all four cell lines exactly the same log tumor cell kill was obtained after mixing normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells with rhabdomyosarcoma cells treatment with hc may be an ERP method of eliminating clonogenic rhabdomyosarcoma cells ex vivo
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despite the rapid advancement and increasing utilization of prenatal diagnostic technologies there has been a paucity of investigation into the psychological socioeconomic and demographic features associated with the choices women make about both the uptake of services and the actions taken after fetal CA are discovered from through we have completed four studies initiating a proposed comprehensive evaluation of these AF the first two studies concentrated on patient features influencing uptake of prenatal diagnostic procedures in both a priori high risk pregnancies AMA as well as in previously low risk pregnancies which had become high risk by virtue of abnormal maternal alphafetoprotein msafp screening the second two studies evaluated features influencing abortion decisions T3 the discovery of either chromosomal anomalies or nonaneuploid ultrasonographically detected structural CA data suggested that older and more highly educated women tended to choose cvs over AC perceptions of genetic risk within couples was most influenced by attributes of their partners anxiety and perception of risk was higher in young women having abnormal screening msafp than in the AMA group although this difference appeared to be commensurate with actual risks for fetal aneuploidy the specific karyotype and to a lesser extent coexistent structural anomalies are the mof this study is to report the success and tolerability of SI alone and in combination with a HS bronchial provocation challenge SI CT was performed with betaagonist pretreatment in the combined challenge no betaagonist pretreatment was used a highoutput US NEB with valve box and tubing were used to deliver saline in doubling time periods from s to min outcomes assessed were completion of the test protocol adequacy of sputum samples decrease in fev and adverse effects during the procedure fiftythree children who underwent a SI alone and children who underwent a combined sputum induction and bronchial provocation using HS sputum induction CT was well tolerated with of children completing the procedure and only experiencing a significant fall in fev an adequate sample of sputum was obtained in of children the combined challenge was completed by of children a distressing cough occurred in of children and irritation of the mucosa in of children in the combined challenge an adequate sample of sputum was obtained in significantly fewer children than with SI alone versus p sputum cellular changes reflected the shorter nebulization time with sputum induction CT we conclude that induction of sputum using hs after i.c.v. with bronchodilator is well tolerated with a high success rate in children combining the hs challenge with sputum induction provides additional information and is a useful means of comparing ahr and ai simultaneously but at the expense of having a reduced success rate in obtaining an adequate sample of sputum as well as increased side effects
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kchannel openers are a new class of drugs they interact in a not yet identified fashion with a not yet identified population of k channels resulting in an increase in k conductance of the surface membrane kchannel openers have a high affinity for k channels of smooth muscle and distinctly less for cardiac or neuronal k channels the cellular effects of kchannel openers in smooth muscle include hyperpolarization decrease in membrane resistance inhibition of propagation of excitation suppression of spontaneous electrical and mechanical activity and inhibition of agonistinduced contraction the pharmacodynamic profile of kchannel openers is reminiscent of typical vasodilators with decreases in TPR resistance and blood pressure and reflex increases in HR rate and cardiac output while there is no doubt that kchannel openers are effective antihypertensive agents it is too early at present to define their future role in cardiovascular therapy a satisfactory treatment of hypertension by these drugs may require the addition of diuretics andor betablockers other potential clinical indications of kchannel openers include coronary HR disease and asthma
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as an emerging discipline synthetic biology is becoming increasingly important to design construct and optimize metabolic pathways leading to desired phenotypes such as overproduction of biofuels and pharmaceuticals in genetically tractable organisms we have recently developed a versatile gene assembly platform epathbricks supporting the modular assembly of multigene pathway components and combinatorial generation of pathway diversities in this protocol we will detail the process to assemble a seven gene flavit is possible to achieve blastocyst rates of up to if in vivomatured oocytes are used in contrast if oocytes are matured in vitro blastocyst rates are only half that of those matured in vivo this rather limited success may be attributed to the heterogeneous population of oocytes which are normally retrieved from follicles of mm rather than from preovulatory follicles in contrast to the in vivoovulated oocyte these oocytes lack OD up to the preovulatory stage and are matured in vitro therefore much effort has been devoted to the establishment of noninvasive and nonperturbing means for selecting the most competent oocytes for example the extensiveness and compactness of the cumuluscorona investment and the granulation of the ooplasm in vitro SC ivc conditions have been enhanced in the last few years mainly by adjustment of media formulations whereas the in IVM ivm protocols stay invariable consequently maintaining or mimicking the in vivo situation in vitro will aid to improve the SQ and developmental competence of the resulting matured oocyte the scope of this review is to give an overview of the current situation of in vitro maturation of mammalian oocytes with emphasis on the bovine species special attention has been paid to the in vivo situation in the F2 and how a better understanding of these intrafollicular AF will aid to improve the in vitro maturation conditions
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drawing on the theory of social action in organizational and institutional sociology this paper examines the behavioral consequences of plural logics of action it addresses the question based on the empirical case of plural medical systems that are composed of both biomedicine and alternative medicine applying mixed methods of a crossnational panel data analysis and a content analysis of medical journal articles it finds that plural systems affect health outcomes negatively when tensions between biomedicine and alternative medicine are unaddressed in contrast plural systems produce tangible health benefits when biomedicine and alternative medicine are coordinated through government policies or by health care organizationsprofessionals this paper proposes plurality coordination as an important mechanism that modifies the behavioral consequences of plural logics this proposition contributes to providing theoretical answers to the sociological puzzle that plural logics of action produce inconsistent behavioral consequences
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this article analyzes latelife depression looking carefully at what defines a person as elderly the incidence of latelife depression complications and differences in PS between young and old patients with depression subsyndromal depression bipolar depression in the elderly the relationship between grief and depression along with sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation
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gata controls hematopoietic OD by activating and repressing gene transcription yet the in vivo mechanisms that specify these opposite MICs are unknown by examining the composition of gataassociated protein complexes in a conditional erythroid rescue system as well as through the use of tiling arrays we detected the scltal lmo ldb ea complex at all positively acting gatabound elements examined similarly the scl complex is present at all activating gata elements in megakaryocytes and mast cells in striking contrast at sites where gata functions as a repressor the scl complex is depleted a dnabinding defective form of scl maintains association with a subset of active gata elements indicating that gata is a key determinant for scl recruitment knockdown of lmo selectively impairs activation but not repression by gata eto an sclassociated protein with the potential for transcritgp an active compound extracted from the roots of paeonia lactiflora pall on the MICs of synoviocytes in rats with collageninduced arthritis cia and its possible mechanisms cia was induced in male spraguedawley sd rats immunized with chicken CII cii in freunds CR adjuvant fca synoviocytes proliferation was determined by dimethylthiazalyl diphenyltetrazoliumbromide mtt assay RT rTNF tnfalpha interleukin il prostaglandin e pge and cyclic adenosine monophosphate camp levels in synoviocytes were measured by radioimmunoassay ria eprostanoid ep and ep receptors were analyzed by western blot analysis the results showed that tgp significantly inhibited the proliferation of synoviocytes decreased the production of il tnfalpha and pge and elevated the levels of camp further study showed that tgp could upregulate the expression of ep and ep these results indicated that tgp might exert its antiinflammatory effects through inhibiting the production of proinflammatory mediators in synoviocytes of cia rats which might be associated with its ability to regulate campdependent epepmediated pathway
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the aim of this T0 was to describe the mr appearance of multifocal nodular fatty infiltration of the liver mnfil using tweighted IP ip and opposedphase op gradientecho as well as tweighted turbospinecho sequences with fat suppression fstse and without haste magnetic resonance imaging examinations at t using tweighted ip and opgre with fast low angle shot flash technique and tweighted fstse tweighted haste of patients undergoing DUE for focal liver lesions were reviewed five patients were identified in whom ct indicated M1 however no liver malignancy was finally proven diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy n additional wedge resection n or followup mri months later n regarding the identified five patients the number of focal liver lesions was n and more than n the mr imaging characteristics were as follows opimage markedly hypointense n ip image isointense n or slightly hyperintense n tweighted fstseimage isointense n tweighted haste image isointense n slightly hyperintense n on op images all lesions were sharply demarcated and of almost spherical configuration n further DUE by histology or followup mr imaging did not give evidence of malignancy in any case histology revealed fatty infiltration of the CL parenchyma in three patients magnetic resonance followup showed complete resolution in two patients and no change in three patients multifocal nodular fatty infiltration can simulate M1 on both ct and mr imaging the combination of inphase ip and opposedphase op gradientecho imaging can reliably differentiate mnfil from metasbirth weight between and g during fiscal years to of the births were delivered by vacuum SE and were delivered by forceps compared with delivery by forceps the adjusted risk ratios for thirdfourthdegree perineal laceration intracranial hemorrhage subdural or cerebral hemorrhage intraventricular hemorrhage subarachnoid hemorrhage cephalhematoma and neonatal inhospital death were confidence interval confidence interval confidence interval confidence interval confidence interval confidence interval and confidence interval respectively the authors conclude that vacuum extraction causes less maternal trauma but may increase the risk of cephalhematoma and certain types of intracranial hemorrhage eg subarachnoid hemorrhage
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FW clamsanodonta cygnea were exposed to cadmium at ppb μgl to investigate the effects of semichronic exposure on energy metabolism parameters examined included adenylate energy charge aec glycogen content blood glucose and protein concentration the accumulation of anaerobic metabolic end productsviz lactate and succinate and mitochondrial nadhoxidase activity in all tissues aec was significantly lowered T3 weeks glycogen contents of the separate organs except for the gills were diminished to one half those of control animals hemolymph glucose increased between and weeks whereas protein in hemolymph steadily decreased to about one half the concentration of controls at weeks lactate increased in mantle and midgut gland whereas in gill only an initial accumulation was found T3 weeks of SE succinate concentrations increased in all organs between and weeks of cd SE thereafter no further accumulation occurred from the ON of SE to cadmium there was a gradual reduction of nadhoxidase activity of gill mitochondria down to of the control value after weeks the data indicate an impairment of oxidative carbohydrate metabolism that is brought about by a metabolic blockade rather than by partial anaerobiosis as a consequence of shell closure
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CBT cbt is a successful treatment method for reducing symptomatology associated with bulimia nervosa bn less is known regarding the impact of cbt on measures of temperament and character across treatment we explore changes on the TCI tci from pretreatment to year followup in a sample of women with bulimia nervosa bn ninetyone women who met dsmiiir criteria for bn completed i.c.v. measures and participated in a randomized CT with a core treatment of cbt were available for followup at year participants were assessed at pretreatment using the tci as part of a larger assessment battery and received eight sessions of cbt and eight sessions of SE with response prevention or relaxation training the tci was readministered at the year followup point we compared tci scores across the two administrations and explored the relation between clinical status at year and tci scores significant decreases in the tci temperament scale of harm avoidance and increases in the character scale of SD were observed between pretreatment and year followup observed differences in these scales were independent of change in depression scores as well as other measures of therapeutic change ie binge and purge frequency we conclude that selfdirectedness and harm avoidance scores are positively affected by cbt higher scores on SD not only predict treatment outcome for bn but overall SD is improved with cbt in women with bn these results suggest that the elements of cbt affecting SD may hold promise for enhancing the effectiveness of treatment for bn
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midinfrared laser ablation of waterrich targets at the maximum of the μm absorption band is a twostep process initiated by phase explosion followed by recoil pressure induced material ejection particulates andor droplets ejected by this high temperature high pressure process can be ionized for mass spectrometry by charged droplets from an electrospray in order to gauge the internal energy introduced in this laser ablation ESI laesi® process we apply the survival yield method and compare the results with electrospray ionization esi and matrixassisted laser desorption ionization maldi the results indicate that laesi yields ions with internal energies indistinguishable from those produced by esi this finding is consistent with the recoil pressure induced ejection of low micrometre droplets that does not significantly NC the internal energy of solute molecules
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we have studied the temporal and PET relationships between dna replication and recombination in adenovirusinfected cells by using southern blot hybridization to detect recombinant products among intracellular viral genomes the data show that recombination can be detected soon T3 dna replication has commenced and that the proportion of recombinant products increases thereafter to determine the functional relationship between dna replication and recombination replication was blocked with the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin the replication inhibitor CA and conditionally lethal mutations in either the virusspecified dnabinding protein or the dna polymerase all treatments that directly or indirectly blocked dna replication caused a delay in the appearance of recombinant products and a marked decline in their abundance relative to products of parental TT these data strongly suggest that dna replication and recombination are interrelated either because both processes share functions or because dna structures produced by replication are suitable substrates for recombination in addition we have shown that some recombination functions is intrinsically thermolabile at degrees c even in wildtype crosses since the appearance of recombinant products is delayed and their extent is reduced compared with that from crosses performed at degrees c
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there is a need for a simple and predictive MM to identify the respiratory sensitization potential of novel proteins the present T0 examined the use of a mouse draining CL node CA dlna approach employing several routes of SE as a possible starting point for assessing protein sensitization potential consistent with the exp procedure for the standard local lymph node assay llna female balbc mice were dosed dermally topical intranasally in or by OP aspiration op on days and and proliferation in the relevant draining CL nodes was measured on day for each route the auricular SF cervical and tracheobronchial lymph NO tbln were evaluated following treatment with subtilisin carlsberg sub a potent sensitizerallergen ovalbumin ova a potent food allergen betalactoglobulin blg a moderate food allergen and keyhole limpet hemocyanin klh a strong immunogen with no reports of respiratory sensitization initial studies with ova indicated that dermal administration did not stimulate CL node proliferation responses in the tracheobronchial lymph node were most dramatic SI up to and reproducible for both the in and op routes in a comparative experiment all proteins induced lymph node proliferation with a rank order potency of subklhovablg the influence of the endotoxin content on CL node proliferation was determined to be minimal and did not impact the rank order potency molecular characterization of the tbln at an equipotent proliferative dose was conducted for select gene transcripts based on research examining chemical sensitizers expression profiles differed among the four proteins but the relevance of these responses was not clear and they did not further discriminate their allergic potential these data illustrate both the opportunities and challenges associated with the examination of the draining CL node proliferative response to assess the allergenic potential of proteins
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EDC isolated from essential oils play an important role in the prevention and treatment of CA monoterpenes are NK products and the principal constituents of many essential oils the aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic potential of pmenthane derivatives additionally analogues of perillyl alcohol a monoterpene with known anticancer activity were evaluated to identify the molecular characteristics which contribute to their cytotoxicity which was tested against ovcar hct and sf human tumor cell lines using the mtt CA the results of this study showed that perillaldehyde epoxide exhibited the highest percentage inhibition of cell proliferation gi POH exhibited high cytotoxic activity while limonene epoxide gi perillaldehyde gi and hydroxycarvotanacetone gi showed intermediate activity all of the EDC tested were less cytotoxic than perillyl alcohol except perillaldehyde epoxide ic µlmg in general replacement of cc double bonds by epoxide CG in addition to the aldehyde group increases cytotoxicity furthermore stereochemistry seems to play an important role in cytotoxicity we have demonstrated the cytotoxic influence of chemical substituents on the pmenthane structure and analogues of POH
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the nonstress test is a commonly used tool for fetal wellbeing assessment the antenatal death rate using the NST as a primary modality is significantly higher than that with the use of the contraction stress test the nonstress test is commonly performed on a onceaweek basis the rate of stillbirths with reactive nonstress tests performed once a week was per in the authors previously published report nonstress tests were performed on a twiceaweek basis beginning january and results are reported on such patients the rate of stillbirths with reactive NSTs was reduced to per in this second group it is suggested that the patients who are at risk for fetal stress should be evaluated on a twiceaweek basis when the nonstress test is used as the primary test
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superoxide dismutase sod MICs were determined for dietary dilution conditions that extend the life span of drosophila melanogaster the hypothesis motivating this research was that elevated sod activity is associated with increased life span resulting from flies being held on a restricted diet sod activities were also measured for chico which is a mutation in the insulin receptor substrate protein gene associated with life span extension this allowed us to confirm the results of clancy et al and extend the results by measuring cuzn sod and mn sod activities in addition to the previously determined overall sod activity if the same form of sod activity cuzn sod or mn sod was elevated on the dilute diet that extends life span and in the long lived chico homozygoi to the mannosemodified qcm surface by forming bridges between these two as a result the contact area between cell and qcm surface that increases leads to rigid and strong att therefore it enhances the IB between e coli and the mannose our results show a significant improvement of the sensitivity and specificity of the carbohydrate qcm biosensor with a exp detection limit of a few hundred bacterial cells the linear range is from x to x cellsml which is four decades wider than the mannosealone qcm sensor the change of damping resistances for e coli adhesion experiments was no more than suggesting that the bacterial att was rigid rather than a viscoelastic SMB little nonspecific IB was observed for staphylococcus aureus and other proteins fetal bovine SS erythrina cristagalli lectin our RPA not only overcomes the challenges of applying qcm technology for bacterial detection but also increases the binding of bacteria to their carbohydrate receptor through bacterial surface IB lectins that significantly enhanced specificity and sensitivity of qcm biosensors combining carbohydrate and lectin recognition events with an appropriate qcm transducer can yield sensor devices highly suitable for the fast reversible and straightforward online screening and detection of bacteria in food water and clinical and biodefense areas
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alteration in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix deposition is a hallmark of DGS integrinlinked kinase ilk is a recently identified integrin cytoplasmicbinding protein that has been implicated in the regulation of cell adhesion and EM deposition to begin to investigate whether ilk is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic GS we have analyzed the distribution and regulation of ilk in normal and diabetic kidneys as well as in isolated mesangial cells we have found that ilk is normally expressed at high concentration in visceral epithelial cells in diabetic glomeruli ilk expression in the mesangium is dramatically increased the increase in ilk level is associated with diffuse mesangial expansion in glomeruli where advanced nodular sclerosis and global sclerosis were dominant ilk level was reduced suggesting that the increase in ilk expression likely associates with relatively early glomerulosclerosis additionally we have found that exposure of mesangial cells to high concentrations of gl significantly increased the ilk level finally we show that ilk localizes to regions of cell CM that are in close contact with mesangial fibronectin matrix these results suggest that ilk is likely involved in mesangial matrix expansion in response to hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic GS
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cultured rat cells contain five isoforms of TM matsumura f yamashiromatsumura s and lin jjc j biol chem to explore the roles of the multiple TM isoforms in the MF organization of cultured cells we have examined effects of TMs on the bundling activity of the kda protein recently purified from hela cells yamashiromatsumura s and matsumura f j biol chem maximum bundling of factin was observed at a molar ratio of kda protein to actin higher than none of the isoforms of cultured rat cell TM significantly altered the factinbundling activity of kda protein at this ratio whereas skeletal muscle TM inhibited the bundling activity to about also cultured cell TMs did not inhibit IB of kda protein to actin whereas skeletal muscle TM inhibited it by the effect of kda protein on the IB of TM to actin varied with the isoform type of TM most of the tropomyosins with low mr values mr or were caused to dissociate from actin by kda protein but only of tropomyosins with high mr values mr or was dissociated from actin in these conditions immunofluorescence has shown that while tropomyosin was localized in stress fibers kda protein was found in microspikes as well as SFs both of which are known to contain bundles of microfilaments therefore we suggest that kda protein together with the multiple tropomyosin isoforms may regulate the formation of two types of actinfilament bundles bundles containing tropomyosin and those without tropomyosin
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pretreatment with actinomycin d actd microgramml for hr rendered wehi RT cells susceptible to killing by human monocytes in a hr cr release assay the present T0 was designed to elucidate the role of reactive oxygen intermediates roi and of proteolytic enzymes in this CR actdtreated wehi cells did not trigger any measurable release of o or ho from monocytes monocytes exposed to phorbolmyristateacetate which enhanced PR of roi did not show augmented killing of actdtreated tumor cells scavengers of oxygen metabolites catalase superoxide dismutase gluthatione and mannitol which inhibited roimediated pmainduced monocyte cytotoxicity against erythrocytes did not affect mo killing of actdtreated wehi cells enzymatically generated roi with xanthinexanthineoxidase glucoseglucoseoxidase did not show preferential killing of actdtreated wehi cells two patients with chronic granulomatous disease had normal levels of mo cytotoxicity against actdtreated RT cells to determine the possible role of proteolytic enzymes in mediating this CR we studied various antiproteases OP agents dfp and pmsf chloromethylketone derivatives of tosylamino acids tlck and tpck actinomyces products pepstatin and chymostatin and the synthetic protease substrate tame inhibited monocytemediated cytotoxicity against actdtreated wehi cells the macromolecular protease inhibitors alpha antitrypsin bovine PTI bpti soybean TR inhibitor and the synthetic protease ATP atee had little effect on mo cytotoxicity when monocytes were preincubated with drugs for hr and washed tlck tpck and pmsf inhibited cytolysis whereas the less ERP chymostatin and tame and the inactive bpti had no effect under these conditions inhibition by preincubation with tlck pmsf and tpck was CR reversed after hr of SC S9 of mo cultures had lytic activity against actdtreated wehi but not against UT cells antiproteases inhibited the lytic activity of mo supernatants these results strongly suggest that roi do not play a critical role in monocytemediated rapid killing of drugtreated tumor cells and that proteolytic enzymes are involved in this CR
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a sensitive and convenient flowinjection chemiluminescence ficl turnon CA for alkaline phosphatase alp activity without any label and synthesis is developed cu
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the Cd lobe of the CL is a frequent site of involvement by metastatic or primary liver tumours this study describes the surgical anatomy and analyses the operative technique results and postoperative morbidity of CR caudate lobectomy the data represent a retrospective review of consecutive CR caudate lobe resections performed over a month period the most common diagnosis was metastatic CC nine patients and the most common procedure was extended left hepatic lobectomy with en bloc Cd lobectomy four patients underwent isolated complete caudate lobe resection the median operating time was h and the median BL was ml the L1 complication rate was per n in comparison with that of fibrinogen under our experimental conditions we observed no fastphase aggregating effect for igg at either physiological or supraphysiological concentrations while fibrinogen induces strong aggregation of rbc we also suspect the other plasma proteins to play a role in the rbc aggregating process
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comprehensive assessment of the dementing person entails looking beyond syndromal diagnosis to broader aspects of the individuals SF-36 and circumstances systematic attempts are being made to conceptualize the stage severity and AT1 of PSD and these may prove useful in daily practice clinical aspects of a broader assessment include attention to possible coexisting psychiatric syndromes and the disruptive behavioural changes common in dementia in addition alternative perspectives to the medical MM can contribute valuable information for future planning PET assessment can delineate lost abilities that limit the persons adaptive capacity and indicate retained skills necessary for independent living the neuropsychological RPA can identify spared abilities and specific impairments as well as quantifying changes over time attention to social issues can clarify the strengths and deficiencies of the support network and define the burdens of caring a general RPA which emphasises the need for PSD assessment to be comprehensive multidisciplinary naturalistic MI oriented practical and longitudinal is proposed this assessment approach is closely linked to the most important role of the clinician that of continuing care and management
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noninvasive assessment of left lv and right rv VF in children could benefit from a technique that would characterize local myocardial deformation color doppler myocardial imaging cdmi allows the calculation of either local longitudinal or radial SR sr and CS epsilon to determine the clinical feasibility and reproducibility of longitudinal and radial sr and epsilon the following study was carried out
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changes in the CF of the autonomic NS underlying changes in heart rate variability are not fully understood furthermore decreased HRV has been found to be related to poor prognosis for example in patients with coronary artery disease our aim was to study how modulation in sympathetic stimulation at various frequencies is transferred into HRV and how the interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs can affect the HF of HR rate R2 we stimulated electrically cardiac sympathetic and vagal SN in anaesthetized vagotomized spinal anaesthetized dogs we controlled the frequency and magnitude of the modulation in programmed stimulation patterns and analysed the resulting changes in HR rate variability by power SA we found that modulations in sympathetic stimulation were reflected in the HF of HRV as well as in the low and mediumfrequency components in addition a novel finding was that sympathetic stimulation reduced the magnitude of the highfrequency variations caused by VS this suggests that although the highfrequency component of HRV is mainly under parasympathetic regulation it may also be influenced by the sympathetic NS
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the systolicenddiastolic ratio sd and pulsatility and resistance indices were calculated before and after diagnostic cordocentesis in fetuses T3 intravascular transfusions in eight fetuses and on two occasions minutes apart in eight controls the fetus was paralyzed with pancuronium mgkg sonographic estimate of fetal weight for diagnostic cordocentesis on occasions intravascularly in and intramuscularly im in two pancuronium intravascularly in im in three and furosemide mgkg intravenously were po during each transfusion there were no significant differenceative radioresistance and the tempo of regeneration following wholebody irradiation of cells involved in the allograft response six distinct cell populations have been identified in the lymphoid tissues of rats subjected to sublethal wholebody irradiation the relative representation of these subpopulations was significantly different from that in nonirradiated controls nk cells macrophages and PCs which are present in very low numbers in cell suspensions prepared from normal NALT made up a significant proportion of the residualregenerating population in the tissues of rats recovering from wholebody irradiation more significantly perhaps the mature t cell populations showed a significant increase in the t cytotoxicsuppressor to t helper cell ratio these observations support the suggestion that a number of the cell types within the mixed cell population observed in the rejecting indicator grafts of irradiated recipients in adoptive allograft assays are host derived the finding that the t cytotoxicsuppressor population is apparently more radioresistant than the t helper population supports a conclusion that VG AAR in irradiated recipients restored with pure populations of t helper cells may not be directly mediated by the injected cells but may be the result of collaboration between these and hostderived cytotoxic cell populations
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antiepileptic drugs aeds are increasingly used for the treatment of several nonepileptic neurological conditions and psychiatric disorders most of the information available on the use of these agents in clinical disorders outside epilepsy is from case series uncontrolled studies or small randomised PCTs and their apparent efficacy requires confirmation through well designed large phase iii trials with regard to neurological conditions other than epilepsy exp evidence for the efficacy of aeds is only available for the treatment of patients with TG neuralgia neuropathic pain syndromes migraine and essential tremor CBZ is commonly prescribed as firstline therapy for patients with TG neuralgia gabapentin has been recently marketed for the management of neuropathic pain syndromes particularly diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia valproic acid sodium valproate in the form of divalproex sodium is approved for migraine prophylaxis primidone can be considered a valuable option for the treatment of essential tremor aeds are also used to treat psychiatric conditions in particular bipolar disorder so far the most commonly utilized aeds in the treatment of this disorder have been carbamazepine and valproic acid which have showed an antimanic tau and a probable LT moodstabilizing effect in many BP patients including those refractory or intolerant to lithium the availability of a new generation of aeds has broadened the therapeutic options in bipolar disorder lamotrigine oxcarbazepine gabapentin and topiramate appear to be promising in the treatment of refractory BP disorder as a monotherapy as well as in combination with traditional mood stabilizers in addition newer aeds appear to have a more favourable tolerability and drug interaction profile as compared to older EDC so thus improving compliance to treatment
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the uptakes of htetracycline by tetracyclinesensitive and tetracyclineresistant escherichia coli hospital cultures were found to be and nmoles of tetracycline per milliliter of cell water per min respectively this confirms reports by other investigators who by using only one or two cultures suggested a relationship between tetracycline uptake and tetracycline resistance however MICs of tetracycline for the cultures bore no relation to the tetracycline uptake values suggesting that loss of tetracycline uptake may not be the primary cause of resistance in addition there were three resistant cultures with uptake values greater than and two sensitive cultures with uptakes lower than raising the question of how these tetracyclineresistant cultures could grow with tetracycline at concentrations nearly as high as those found to inhibit growth of sensitive organisms of the Tcr cultures were able to transfer tetracycline resistance to a recipient organism and were not two of the cultures transferred tcresistance to a recipient with no modificationrestriction system e coli c but did not transfer resistance to a recipient with a known modificationrestriction system e coli k
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since the CA has been the leading cause of deaths in korea estimation of the cancer deaths for the upcoming years in the population using the vital statistics is considered to be necessary the aim of this T0 was to estimate the number and trends of CA deaths in korea the expected numbers of cancer deaths were calculated by a time series MM fitting the actual numbers of cancer deaths for each of the years through reported by korea national statistical office the options selected for the time series model included a quadratic time trend which incorporated LT information into the MM and an autoregressive component which incorporated information about shortterm fluctuations the forecasting numbers of CA deaths and their confidence intervals were estimated for both genders and primary sites the forecasting number of deaths from all cancers is increasing so that the cumulative number of expected cancer deaths between and would be about thousand persons cancers of the lung stomach CL and colorectum continue to be the most common causes of CA deaths while the numbers of expected cancer deaths in the stomach and CL show a decreasing trend the cancer in the lung colorectum pancreas breast and oral cavity have an increasing trend these observations indicate that cancer deaths in the near future would be increasing through the early s and there should be some urgent governments policy on the CA management
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these experiments examined waterdrinking and arterial blood pressure responses to βadrenergic receptor activation in young mo middleaged adult mo and old mo male rats of the brownnorway CS we used isoproterenol to simultaneously activate β and βadrenergic receptors salbutamol to selectively activate βadrenergic receptors and the combination of isoproterenol and the βadrenergic receptor antagonist ici to stimulate only βadrenergic receptors animals received one of the drug treatments and water drinking was measured for min about wk later animals received the same drug treatment for measurement of arterial blood pressure responses for min in some rats C2 of renin and aldosterone secretion in response to isoproterenol or salbutamol were measured in additional tests old and middleaged rats drank significantly less T3 isoproterenol than did young rats and also had greater reductions in arterial blood pressure old and middleaged rats drank significantly less T3 salbutamol than did young rats although reductions in arterial blood pressure were equivalent across the ages the βadrenergic antagonist ici abolished drinking T3 isoproterenol and prevented most of the observed hypotension renin secretion T3 isoproterenol and salbutamol was greater in young rats than in MA rats and wholly absent in old rats aldosterone secretion was reduced in old rats compared with young and middleaged rats T3 treatment with isoproterenol but not after treatment with salbutamol in conclusion there are agerelated differences in βadrenergic receptormediated drinking that can be explained only in part by agerelated differences in renin secretion after βadrenergic receptor stimulation
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traditionally sperms are isolated from vaginal cell mixtures by preferential SE methods although these methods work well when there is a reasonable amount of dna present they are problematic when there are limited amounts ca pg in particular the analysis of sperm from microscope slides has proven difficult here we describe the use of LCM lm for the isolation of spermatozoa from microscope slides containing sperms and vaginal cells such slides are frequently an important source of evidential material during the forensic investigation of rape and other sexual assaults low copy number lcn pcr was used to compare profiles of sperm dna prepared using lm and preferential lysis lm was found to outperform preferential lysis in out of samples the application of lm to the processing of actual casework slides and in particular the potential use of lm for the analysis of old cases is discussed finally postcoital slides were processed in order to accurately assess the robustness of the technique there was a significant association between the SQ of the male profile recovered and time since intercourse that was independent of the number of sperms analysed suggesting that the dna was degraded even though the spermhead was intact
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metalcontaining novel heterocyclic antibiotics micacocidin a b and c have been isolated from the CF of pseudomonas sp no the structure and absolute configuration of micacocidin a an octahedral zn complex was determined by xray crystallographic analysis and then the structures of the two congeners micacocidin b cu complex and c fe complex the presence of prazocin lysergic acid diethylamide atropine and haloperidol these results that the damphetamineelicited response was not due mainly to the activation of adrenergic 5-HT ht ACh or DA receptors increasing extracellular calcium or sodium ion concentrations decreased the frequency of the spontaneous contraction of the portal vein however the ratios of the frequency of the spontaneous contraction of the rat portal vein before and T3 damphetamine treatment in media containing different extracellular calcium or sodium concentrations were not significantly altered tetrodotoxin did not alter the effect of damphetamine on the frequency of spontaneous contractions it appeared that calcium and sodium ions may not take part in the effects of damphetamine on the frequency of the portal vein an increase in extracellular potassium ion concentrations increased the frequency of the spontaneous contractions of the portal vein in addition the ratios of the frequency of the spontaneous contractions of the rat portal vein before and after damphetamine treatment in media containing different extracellular potassium ion concentrations were significantly altered tetraethylammonium chloride tea and aminopyridine ap increased the spontaneous contractions of the portal vein however tea and ap did not increase the damphetamineelicited increasing effect on the frequency of spontaneous muscle contractions levochromakalim a PCO decreased the frequency of the spontaneous contractions of the portal vein levochromakalim also decreased the effect of damphetamine on the frequency of spontaneous contractions of the muscle it appeared that potassium ion may be associated with the effects of damphetamine on the activity of the portal vein damphetamine potentiated whereas prazosin decreased the noradrenalineelicited contracture of the rat pulmonary i.a. in a dosedependent manner damphetamine elicited contracture of the circular muscle of rat stomach whereas it did not alter the frequency of the spontaneous contraction of the muscle both ht and damphetamine elicited the contracture of the circular muscle of rat stomach ketanserin decreased the htelicited response whereas it did not alter the damphetamineelicited response in the muscle damphetamine did not alter the frequency of the spontaneous contraction of the stomach it is concluded that damphetamine has different effects on the frequency of spontaneous smooth muscle contractions it increased the frequency in the portal vein but it did not alter the frequency in stomach circular muscle
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a series of alkylaminoacridines were synthesized and evaluated for activity against two strains of methicillinresistant and one strain of methicillinsensitive staphylococcus aureus results are presented that show a clear structure activity relationship between the nalkyl chain length and antibacterial activity with peak mic values of μm for alkyl chains ranging from to carbons in length although prior work has linked the function of acridinebased EDC to intercalation and topoisomerase inhibition the present results show that alkylaminoacridines likely function as amphiphilic membraneactive disruptors potentially in a similar manner as quaternary ammonium antimicrobials
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cytokines are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis and enhanced expression in patients with hodgkins and nonhodgkins lymphoma based on this phenomenon a multicentric T0 was carried out in various lymphoma cases the diagnosis of lymphoma was made on tissue biopsies and fine NAC fnac out of a total of cases studied were of hodgkins lymphoma and cases were of nonhodgkins lymphoma maximum cases of hodgkins disease occurred in the age group of years and males outnumbered females HD lymphoma cases were predominantly of mixed cellularity histologic type whereas majority cases of nonhodgkins lymphoma were of high grade histologic type with predominance in the age group years in both these type of lymphomas the ilr and il C2 were found to be increased more than four fold as compared to healthy controls p the cytokine C2 decreased T3 chemotherapy in patients showing response to therapy however there were few conflicting and unreliable trends in the il levels after chemotherapy where elevated il levels persisted in patients in clinical remission overall it was seen that both ilr and il can be used as an indicator for assessing prognosis and drug therapy in lymphoma cases ilr was found to be a better prognostic marker than il in assessing the response of lymphoma patient to chemotherapy more so in hodgkins disease
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several factors such as genetic susceptibility autoimmunity hormones infections local trauma urine and occlusion have been speculated to play a role in the pathogenesis of LS we report two male patients with LS around ectopic urethral openings and the opposing surfaces of the penile shaft and scrotum providing further evidence in support of urine and occlusion as contributing factors in the OD of lichen sclerosus
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ischemiareperfusion ir injury model has been widely applied to the study of microcirculation disturbance in this work we used laser oblique scanning optical microscopy losom to observe the microcirculation system in the mesentery of rat model utilizing a localized pointscanning PCD scheme highcontrast images of leukoes the results of luciferase assays also suggested that GSK β gskβ may be a direct target of mir the overexpression of mir att gskβ expression and inhibited myocardial hypertrophy the downregulation of mir reversed these effects furthermore silence of gskβ gene phenocopied the antihypertrophy effects of mir whereas overexpression of this protein attenuated the effects of mir taken together these data suggest that mir regulates pathological structural changes in the rat heart which may be associated with suppression of the gskβ signaling pathway and implicate the potential application of mir in diagnosis and therapy of cardiac hypertrophy
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in germany AM is presently very popular and is supported by the federal government when deliberating on the essence of alternative medicine we should simultaneously reflect on the intellectual and moral basis of regular medicine to provide an epistemological demarcation of the fields the following theses are T3 alternative and regular medicine are speaking different languages AM is not unconventional medicine the paradigm of regular medicine is rational thinking the paradigm of alternative medicine is irrational thinking the present popularity of AM can be explained by romanticism some concepts of alternative medicine are falsifiable and others are not AM and EBM are mutually exclusive the placebo effect is an important factor in regular medicine and the exclusive therapeutic principle of alternative medicine regular and AM have different aims coming of age vs faithfulness alternative medicine is not always safe AM is not economic and AM will always exist the fact that alternative methods are presently an integral part of medicine as taught at german universities as well as of the physicians fee schedule represents a collective aberration of mind that hopefully will last for only a short time
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addition of mm sodium ppi for hr to confluent cultures of balbc t cells in low serum concentrations stimulated the incorporation of hthymidine into dna to an extent equal to that produced by high SS concentration ppi prevented much but not all of the cell detachment that accompanies decreasing the SS concentration of confluent cultures and it increased the saturation density of cultures in high serum concentrations the stimulation had a sharp concentration dependence and was associated with the appearance in the medium of a flocculent precipitate stimulation and precipitate formation were dependent on ca and inorganic orthophosphate hpo and were inhibited by mg more than half the ca requirement could be met with sr in the absence of ppi supranormal concentrations of either ca or hpo caused graded increases in hthymidine incorporation and total cell yield the effect of supranormal ca depended on hpo and vice versa and the ca requirement could be partially met by sr the stimulation was associated with increasing turbidity of the medium various other complexing agents of ca including the divalent cation ionophore a failed to produce stimulation of TA we conclude that water insoluble complexes of ppi hpo and ca or at much higher concentrations the latter two together stimulate t cells and we speculate that this is brought about by the association of these complexes with the cell membrane
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pulsed radiofrequency prf is a novel nondestructive interventional technique for the treatment of neuropathic pain np however this intervention is still lack of relevant regulation and the mechanism of action is insofar not clear historically most studies have reported that prf can relieve reduce hyperalgesia in multiple np animal models by acting on the dorsal root ganglion however a few recent studies have shown that prf can effectively treat hyperalgesia in pain models by a direct application on injured IP SN
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because of the methodological difficulties associated with the mtt assay in screening ST cultures derived from human malignant glioma a chemosensitivity CA based on the protein staining using sulforhodamine b srb has been optimized for use with these cells srb at a fixed dye concentration achieved maximal staining density at min for most cell lines and this intensity was not further increased by using dye concentrations above a delay in IF after fixation did not significantly decrease IF intensity but delay in dye extraction T3 fixation and IF did there was an excellent quantitative and qualitative linear relationship between cell number determined by either the srb assay or by cell counting but not with the mtt assay which consistently underestimated the number of cells in CA plates the mtt assay appeared to be incapable of detecting less than about cellswell while these small numbers of cell were readily detectable by either cell counting or srb IF there was a close correlation between chemosensitivity values derived from the mtt and srb assays for procarbazine ccnu and vincristine when the endpoint is taken as either the id id or id the results indicate that the srb is capable of producing broadly similar results to the mtt assay but is more sensitive in the PCD of small numbers of cells with a linear relationship between cell number and srb IF intensity over a wide range of cell numbers it is capable of producing data from shortterm cultures from malignant glioma and offers technical advantages over the mtt assay in that plates may safely be stored at certain points during the assay without the need for immediate processing the srb CA provides a useful alternative to the mtt assay for determining the sensitivity of ST cultures of human glioma to cytotoxic drugs
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to report a case of the lacrimal gland RT diagnosed as CS true mixed tumor arising from a pleomorphic adenoma
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the developmental characteristics of serous cells appearing in the rat sublingual gland from the late prenatal to the early PN period were investigated in this T0 particular attention was paid to the morphological changes observed in the sec granules at the histochemical and ultrastructural level on prenatal day granules with homogeneous high electron density type i granules and mottled granules type ii granules with heterogeneous electron density appeared in the narrow luminar cytoplasm of cells constituting the terminal clusters on prenatal day these LG decreased in number and were replaced by bipartite LG type iii LG composed of a highly electrondense core and a more electronlucent rim pronase treatment almost CR digested the type i and ii LG and the electrondense core of the type iii granules although some of the type i and ii LG in serous demilunes at a later stage were insufficiently digested on prenatal day homogeneous LG of low electron density type iv LG appeared in the terminal clusters and acini and increased in number daily making up of the total LG on postnatal day the granule morphology on electron microscopy alcian blue and periodic acidschiff IF strongly suggested that type i and ii granules were serous LG type iv LG were mucous LG and type iii granules were transformingtype LG none of the sec cells showed chromatin condensation which is a characteristic of apoptosis these findings suggest that the developing rat sublingual gland from the late prenatal to early PN period has numerous serous granules in the terminal clusters and acini and that the majority of granules are replaced by mucous LG through transformingtype granules in addition because AI figures of sec cells could not be detected it appears that most of the serous cells in the developing rat SL gland might have changed to mucous cells
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the arabidopsis cao gene encodes a kda protein with predicted localization in the plastid compartment here we report that cao is an intrinsic rieske ironsulfur protein of the plastidenvelope inner and thylakoid membranes activity measurements revealed that cao catalyzes chlorophyllide a to chlorophyllide b conversion in vitro and that the enzyme was only slightly AS with protochlorophyllide a the nonreduced F0 of chlorophyllide a protein import and organelle fractionation studies identified cao to be distinct from ptc in the substratedependent transport pathway of POR a but instead to be part of a separate translocon complex this complex was involved in the regulated import and stabilization of the chlorophyllide bbinding LH proteins lhcb lhcii and lhcb cp in chloroplasts together our results provide insights into the pt subcompartmentalization and evolution of chlorophyll F0 biosynthesis in relation to protein import in higher plants
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phagocytic activity for hydroxyethylmethacrylate particles in normal and thioglycollate or proteose peptonestimulated peritoneal macrophages PPs macrophages bone marrow macrophages and macrophagelike cell lines bwm dch pulr and raw in suspension and T3 adherence to a ATP was tested results of testing showed that hydroxyethylmethacrylate particles are advantageous for following the phagocytic activity of the above cell types
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medicaid claims have been used to characterize utilization patterns of child medicaid beneficiaries however because states are increasingly adopting medicaid managed care plans analyses of children enrolled in medicaid based only on claims for feeforservice ffs programs may not apply to the GA medicaid population
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bench research suggests that postmenopausal hormonal therapy is associated with beneficial effects on the BB and V1 system observational data suggest that postmenopausal HRT is associated with a to lower rate of cardiovascular disease however observational data for hormonal therapy is associated with the potential for significant biases CT data are needed there are major PCTs that inform us about stroke and PM HRT therapy two trials focused on secondary prevention the HR and estrogenprogesterone replacement study hers and the womens estrogen for stroke trial west one examined primary prevention the WHI whi all indicate that postmenopausal hormone therapy is not ERP for reducing the risk of a recurrent stroke or death among women with established AVD or for prevention of a first stroke similar results exist for cardiovascular disease the results of these trials are now reflected in national guidelines HT should not be initiated to prevent AVD among postmenopausal women as a result of these trials the portion of postmenopausal women using HRT in the united states has fallen by more than half over the past decade
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GS kinasebeta gskbeta is a physiological kinase for tau and is a candidate protein kinase involved in the hyperphosphorylation of tau present in paired helical filament phftau of neurofibrillary tangles nft in alzheimers disease ad gskbeta is also a key PE of several signaling cascades including cell death cascades we have investigated the immunocytochemical localization of gsk immunoreactivity in ad SN exhibiting strongly gskimmunoreactive granules were observed in ad with a much higher frequency than in control subjects this immunoreactivity was found to colocalize with the granulovacuolar degeneration gvd and to be associated with the LG of the granulovacuolar HB the gvd LG showed a strong gskalpha and gskbeta immunoreactivity and this immunoreactivity was abolished by preabsorption with recombinant gsk in addition the gvd immunoreactivity was observed with an antibody against the tyrosinephosphorylated and active form of gsk some LG of the granulovacuolar degeneration were also intensely labeled with an antibody specific for tau isoforms containing insert exon and with antibodies specific for tau phosphorylated on ser and for tau phosphorylated on thrser two phosphorylation CS generated in vitro by gskalpha and beta gskbeta was expressed in SN containing nft but only a small proportion of intracellular nft were observed to be gskbeta immunoreactive immunoblotting analysis of fractions enriched in phftau did not reveal any gskbeta immunoreactivity in these fractions indicating that gskbeta was only loosely associated to nft these results suggest that SN developing gvd sequester an active potentially deleterious form of gsk in this compartment and that increased gsk immunoreactivity in a subset of SN quantitatively differentiates normal aging from ad
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the most common surgical procedure performed by hand surgeons in CBF palsy for thumbinpalm deformity is release of the adductor pollicis muscle from the middle metacarpal origin with additional PR of the thenar muscles or FPL as indicated to decrease the flexion adduction forces across the first ray tendon transfer to augment extension and abduction of the thumb metacarpal will help avoid recurrence and it commonly includes rerouting of the EPL stabilization of the metacarpophalangeal joint might be necessary if hyperextension deformity exists the assessment of the patient should occur over several visits to determine the correct combination of procnes have been implicated in fear and stress including the consolidation and extinction of fearful memories expression profiles of those genes in the brain of suicide victims are less clear using gene expression microarray data from the online stanley genomics database and a quantitative pcr we investigated the expression profiles of multiple kinase genes including the calcium calmodulindependent kinase camk the cyclindependent kinase the MAP kinase mapk and the protein kinase c pkc in the prefrontal SC pfc of mood disorder patients died with suicide n and without suicide n we also investigated the expression pattern of the same genes in the pfc of developing humans ranging in age from birth to year n the expression levels of camkb cdk mapk and prkci were increased in the pfc of suicide victims as compared to nonsuicide controls false discovery rate fdradjusted p fold NC those genes also showed changes in expression DP during the postnatal development fdradjusted p these results suggest that multiple kinase genes undergo agedependent changes in normal brains as well as pathological changes in suicide brains these findings may provide an important link to protein kinases known to be important for the development of fear SM stress associated neural plasticity and upregulation in the pfc of suicide victims more research is needed to better understand the functional role of these kinase genes that may be associated with the pathophysiology of suicide
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homeodomaincontaining proteins play a crucial role as transcriptional regulators in the process of cell differentiation the HD performs a dual CF in this regard acting as a dna binding domain and participating in proteinprotein interactions that enhance dna IB specificity or regulatory activity here we describe a homeodomain classspecific interaction with the beta S1 of the general transcription factor tfiie we show that the antennapedia and abdominalb homeodomains bind to tfiiebeta but the evenskipped homeodomain does not using a twohybrid CA performed in cultured cells we demonstrate that the homeodomaintfiiebeta interaction occurs in vivo the abdominalb homeodomain is shown to activate transcription in vitro and this activation can be blocked with antitfiiebeta antibody without affecting basal transcription C2 together with published data demonstrating an interaction between proteins containing evenskipped class homeodomains and the tatabinding protein um m li c and manley j l mol cell biol zhang h catron k m and abateshen c proc natl acad sci u s a these results suggest various HD containing proteins interact with different GA transcription factors an observation that may have important implications for transcriptional regulation
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to evaluate the potential benefit of histamine combined with melphalan in the isolated limb perfusion ilp as an alternative to tnfalfa and melphalan combination for the treatment of irresectable soft tissue sarcomas of the limbs in brown norway bn rats
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