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in the year since the last review continuing pressure on endoscopy suites to improve efficiency and reduce costs without compromising patient care has led to growing interest in alternatives to pharmacological sedation and in the use of shortacting sedatives EC50 music AP and the use of smallcaliber endoscopes for unsedated peroral gastroscopy have therefore been suggested as ways of increasing tolerance and reducing discomfort with regard to ultrathin and superthin endoscopes the results are interesting but further data from controlled trials and in studies including larger numbers of patients are still needed the form of sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy that has attracted greatest interest over the last year is the use by nonanesthetists of intravenous propofol po either alone at standard doses to achieve deep sedation or at lower doses combined with benzodiazepines and opioids to achieve moderate sedationanalgesia in comparison with benzodiazepinesopioids the results were in favor of propofol the mean time to sedation was shorter and the depth of sedation was greater in addition patients receiving propofol reached full REC earlier and were discharged sooner however in the survey of patient satisfaction at discharge it was found that the sedation methods did not have a significant impact on overall patient satisfaction some important issues concerning the narrow therapeutic range of propofol and the need for adequate training of endoscopists to deal with any problems related to deep sedation are still open despite the growing amount of data suggesting that the drug is safe even whed by coronary artery ligation cal in rats the surgical technique used in this T0 significantly reduced early mortality survival rate and also reduced the R2 in IS at h T3 surgery time course studies on the initiation of ami at various time points were carried out using physiological PSA histopathological and electron microscopical techniques serum markers and activities of lysosomal hydrolases were found to be significantly elevated at the th hour post ligation histological studies showed polymorphonuclear cells emigration and total coagulation CN transmission electron micrograph exhibited mild distortion of muscle MF and mitochondrial rupture with disrupted cristae immunoblotting studies confirmed the presence of alphamacroglobulin which supported the inflammatory response at th h of post ligation the initiation of the C3 activation was observed by the increase in the level of the soluble form of the membrane attack complex scb in SS and LV immunoexpression studies confirmed the initiation of the terminal c activation as shown by the expression of c c c c c and scb complex at the th h of ami this study conclusively demonstrated that initiation of the c activation was observed to be significant at the th h of ami induced by cal in rats | MEDAL |
there is a lower employment rate among persons with severe mental illnessbr aim in order to increase the employment rate among mentally ill patients azertie a centre for vocational rehabilitation has integrated a combination of psychomotor and mental training the i care concept into its vocational rehabilitation programme we investigated the results of the azertie system via a pilot studybr method over a period of week period of guided training for work persons with severe mental illness receive three sessions per week of mental training and psychomotor trainingbr results clients participated in the T0 of these clients found employment within the year participants were still receiving training of these were likely to find employment at a followup after at least one year of employment of the clients was still at workbr conclusion the results of this pilot study should be interpreted with some caution because we did not use a control group nevertheless when we compare the total employment rate with the employment rate in the period before the startup of the i care programme we can conclude that our programme led to a fivefold increase in the percentage of persons in this vulnerable group | MEDAL |
here we report the ID cloning and characterization of slca which is a new member of solute carrier family slc also known as the sodiumbile acid cotransporter family expression of slcaslca was examined by quantitative RT pcr and revealed its highest expression levels in CL and kidney in humans rat and mouse in rat CL and kidney slca expression was localized by in situ hybridization to HCs and proximal tubules respectively a slcaflag fusion protein was expressed in hek cells and showed an apparent molecular weight of kda after IP when expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes the slcaflag protein was detected in the oocytes BPM but showed no transport activity for taurocholate cholate estronesulfate or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate as bile acid carriers are the most related carriers to slca though we strongly suppose that slca is an orphan carrier with yet nonidentified substrates | MEDAL |
the hammerstein cascade consisting of a zeromemory nonlinearity followed by a linear filter is often used to MM nonlinear biological systems this structure can represent some highorder nonlinear systems accurately with relatively few parameters however it is not possible in general to estimate the parameters of a hammerstein cascade in closed form the most ERP method available to date uses an iterative RPA which alternates between estimating the linear PE from a CC and then fitting a polynomial to the nonlinearity via LR this paper proposes the use of separable least squares optimization methods to estimate the linear and nonlinear elements simultaneously in a least squares framework a separable least squares algorithm for the identification of hammerstein cascades is developed and used to analyze stretch reflex electromyogram data from two exp subjects the results show that in each case the proposed algorithm produced a better model in that it predicted the systems response to novel inputs more accurately than did models estimated using the traditional iterative algorithm montecarlo simulations demonstrated that when the input is a nongaussian nonwhite signal as is often the case experimentally the traditional iterative ID approach produces biased models whereas the separable least squares approach proposed in this paper does not | MEDAL |
the isolation of cd cells from mobilized peripheral blood is being increasingly used in the setting of allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation investigation of variables that may influence the effectiveness of cd cellcapsulated fuji cap ii ketacfil and hi dense and three resinmodified gic rmgic fuji ii lc encapsulated photacfil and vitremer the fluoride PR of matured restorative gic was measured as a function of time after four repeated fluoridations in a naf AQ solution for h this PR was QTc for the intrinsic PR as determined with a control group it was demonstrated that application of fluoride is capable of recharging gic but the subsequent high fluoride PR only lasts for one or a few days moreover the fluoride release behaviour depends on the cement formulation comparable to the intrinsic release the net fluoride release after fluoridation is composed of a short and a longterm process the former being predominant T3 fluoridation the total amount of fluoride released according to the ST process increases with consecutive fluoridations this is especially pronounced for the rmgic who exhibit a relatively slow PR T3 fluoridation as compared to the conventional gic an explanation for these results is suggested on the basis of the physicochemistry of the setting reaction of the cements and of the fluoridation process | MEDAL |
to determine whether in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo bppv the canalith repositioning procedure performed with vibration applied over the mastoid bone of the affected ear is more ERP in resolving the PS and preventing recurrence of bppv than the procedure performed without vibration | MEDAL |
pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor originating from neuroectodermic cells only of these tumors are malignant there are many familial forms of this tumor including multiple endocrine neoplasia type ii von hippellindau syndrome and NF type i skin manifestations of pheochromocytoma are rare and cutaneous metastasis in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia iib has never been described the case of a patient with MEN iib who presented malignant pheochromocytoma with multiple cutaneous metastasis is described | MEDAL |
we have recorded high resolution partially rotationally resolved jetcooled cavity ringdown spectra of the origin band of the ax electronic transition of both the g and t conformers of the perproteo and perdeutero isotopologues of the ethyl peroxy radical cho this transition located in the near infrared was studied using a narrow band laser source or approximately mhz and a supersonic slitjet expansion coupled with an electric discharge allowing us to obtain rotational temperatures of about k all four spectra have been successfully simulated using an evolutionary algorithm approach with a hamiltonian including rotational and spinrotational terms excellent agreement with the experimental spectra was obtained by fitting seven molecular parameters in each ground and the first excited electronic states as well as the band origin of the electronic transition this analysis unambiguously confirms the assignment of the lower frequency origin band to the g conformer and the higher frequency one to the t conformer | MEDAL |
in france MIF in association with orally administered misoprostol is widely used for the early termination of pregnancy up to days gestation in other centers mifepristone in association with vaginally administered misoprostol has also been used the aim of the present T0 was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of MIF in association with misoprostol po orally or vaginally for the TOP of up to days gestation a total of women were enrolled in the T0 all women received mg mifepristone administered orally and microg misoprostol po either orally n or vaginally n a second dose of microg misoprostol was po if women had not expelled the pregnancy within h women were randomized into treatment CG according to the day of their admission the overall success rate was and there was no significant difference in efficacy between the two groups there was one treatment failure in the group in which misoprostol was administered orally of those women who aborted within h of administration of the first dose ofmisoprostol the route of administration ofmisoprostol did not influence the time to abortion of the women who received a second dose ofmisoprostol the time to abortion was shorter in those who received misoprostol orally min versus min tolerance was assessed by visual analog scales and was similar for both CG in both groups women preferred the oral route of administration | MEDAL |
to explore the effect of ST cholesterollowering treatment with ATV on erythrocyte sodiumlithium countertransport nali ct activity | MEDAL |
a yearold woman with primary pulmonary lymphoma is presented contrast enhanced ct through the RA lower lobe mass demonstrated the ct angiogram sign previously reported to be highly specific for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma | MEDAL |
the relative effects of bovine parathyroid hormone bpth and prostaglandin pge analogues dmPGE2 and trimethyl pge on plasma calcium inorganic phosphate pi and osmolality in dayold chickens were compared bpth and dimethyl pge were similarly tested for effects on plasma ca and pi in immature weekold rats pgs administered iv in a saline vehicle micrograms dimethyl pge or micrograms trimethyl pge g body wt respectively produced significant hypercalcaemic effects in chicks compared with vehicleinjected controls at times ranging from to min similar to those obtained with bpth micrograms g body wt the pge analogues injected in chicks also produced significant increases in plasma pi compared with controls at and min while those treated with pth showed smaller nonsignificant plasma pi responses little change in plasma osmolality was seen in chicks following injection with either bpth or dmPGE2 although a small but significant increase in this parameter was seen in chicks treated with trimethyl pge acute labelling of chicks with p incorporated into the dmPGE2 injection vehicle indicated a decreased exit of pi from the blood as the mechanism underlying the pgmediated hyperphosphataemic response this type of response was not seen following bpth injection in chicksabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
egg albumin microspheres containing PAR for p.o. were prepared and their in vivo characteristics evaluated the egg Al microspheres were able to improve the organoleptic characteristics of PAR formulations the pharmacokinetic characteristics of three different formulations of PAR were evaluated in six volunteers the formulations po orally were paracetamol granulated with lactose reference EA microspheres and egg Al microspheres coated with polymethacrylate the pharmacokinetic characteristics for formulations and were similar but formulation gave significant differences p less than in ka cmax and tmax no significant differences in RBV were observed | MEDAL |
the lightdriven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin occurs naturally as twodimensional crystals a threedimensional density map of the structure at nearatomic resolution has been obtained by studying the crystals using electron cryomicroscopy to obtain electron diffraction patterns and highresolution micrographs new methods were developed for analysing micrographs from tilted specimens incorporating methods previously developed for untilted specimens that enable C1 areas to be analysed and QTc for distortions data from images from both tilted and untilted specimens were analysed to produce the phases of independent fourier components of the structure the amplitudes of these components were accurately measured from diffraction patterns together these data represent about half of the full threedimensional transform to a the map of the structure has a resolution of a in a direction parallel to the membrane plane but lower than this in the perpendicular direction it shows many features in the density that are resolved from the main density of the seven alphahelices we interpret these features as the bulky aromatic sidechains of phenylalanine IMT and tryptophan residues there is also a very dense feature which is the betaionone ring of the retinal chromophore using these bulky sidechains as guide points and taking account of bulges in the helices that indicate smaller sidechains such as leucine a complete atomic MM for bacteriorhodopsin between CAA residues and has been built there are amino acid residues contributed by all seven helices surrounding the retinal and residues contributed by five helices forming the proton pathway or channel ten of the amino acid residues in the middle of the proton channel are also part of the retinal binding site the MM also provides a useful basis for consideration of the mechanism of proton pumping and allows a consistent interpretation of a great deal of other exp data in particular the structure suggests that pk changes in the SB must act as the means by which light energy is converted into proton pumping pressure in the channel asp is on the pathway from the cytoplasm to the SB and asp is on the pathway from the SB to the extracellular surface | MEDAL |
patients with stage i nonsmall cell lung cancer nsclc are typically treated with surgical resection CT however about onethird of such patients develop disease recurrence and die within years T3 R0 the ability to predict recurrence could represent an important contribution to RTP this study evaluates the presence of telomerase activity in tumor cells as a predictor of disease recurrence and cancerrelated death T3 operation for stage i nsclc patients the activity of the telomerase enzyme was investigated by telomeric repeat amplification protocol trap in tumors and matching normal lung tissue samples obtained from consecutive operable patients with PS i nsclc telomerase activity was detected in of the tumors examined and in none of the corresponding adjacent noncancerous lung tissue samples correlation with pathological parameters showed that telomerase activity was associated with histopathological grade p but not with RT size or histological type univariate survival curves estimated using the method of kaplan and meier defined a significant association between telomerase activity and both diseasefree survival p and overall survival p in multivariate analyses performed by coxs PH regression models the presence of TA was the only strong predictor of diseasefree survival p and overall survival p our data indicate that telomerase activity can be an important prognostic factor that should be considered in future prospective trials of adjuvant therapy for highrisk stage i nsclc patients | MEDAL |
standard LN ln has been shown to be as ERP oncologically as open surgery for both stage t and stage t renal tumors while much has been published regarding the increasing indications for laparoscopic nephrectomy there is little in the literature regarding the advantages of handassisted LS hal for the treatment of C1 cm stage t renal PT to our knowledge this T0 is the first to directly compare the results in pathologic stage t and stage t PT our aim was to assess whether hal nephrectomy for these larger tumors maintains the same advantages enjoyed by hal for the smaller ones cm | MEDAL |
inborn metabolic diseases imds that can start in the neonatal period include various defects in numerous metabolic pathways such diseases are due to the genetic deficiency of an enzyme or a transporter from a physiopathological point of view the metabolic disorders can be divided into diagnostically useful groups of diseases the first group is due to the accumulation of endogenous toxic metabolites and includes inborn PE of CAA metabolism organic acidemias urea cycle disorders and sugar intolerances the second one includes imds of intermediary metabolism causing a disturbance in SE production or utilization resulting from a defect in the liver the muscles the myocardium or the BB fatty acid oxidation defects congenital lactic acidosis etc the third group includes diseases that dntification of these new variants will help further the understanding of population PH including patrilineal migrations in western and central europe where rba is the most frequent haplogroup the finegrained phylogenetic tree we present here will also help to refine historical genetic dating studies our findings demonstrate the SP of citizen science for analysis of whole genome sequence data | MEDAL |
cats deprived visually from birth show few overt impairments in their natural behavior therefore they seem well suited as an rat for the T0 of compensatory plasticity T3 early vision loss it can be demonstrated that binocularly deprived cats show improved abilities of auditory localization and at least equal tactile SMB compared to NCs within the anterior ectosylvian SC of binocularly deprived cats where different sensory modalities come together the anterior ectosylvian visual area is CR taken over by auditory and somatosensory inputs furthermore the AEP spatial tuning of single units in this cortical region is sharpened significantly as a result of visual ED somatosensory compensation for early loss of vision can be demonstrated by a hypertrophy of the facial vibrissae and a corresponding expansion of their central representation in the SmI of binocularly deprived animals the compensatory changes in the cortex can be explained by a reorganization of sensory representations under the guidance of sensorimotor feedback rather than by instruction through an extraneous supervisory signal these processes might form the neural basis of sensory substitution in blind humans | MEDAL |
quaking mice qkqk AR mutants with CE nervous system dysmyelinization characterized behaviorally by abnormal locomotion and tremor are found to have altered brain dopaminergic system parameters in comparison with phenotypically normal heterozygous littermates dopamine metabolism is enhanced in structures of both NS and mesolimbic systems as revealed by increased metabolites content that of homovanillic acid in striatum and concentration of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in nucleus accumbens with tuberculum olfactorium along with unchanged neurotransmitter levels in qkqk mice d and d receptor analysis via radioligand IB using hsch and hspiperone correspondingly showed an increase of d receptor density with decreased affinity to d ligand in striatum of mutants both bmax and kd were markedly higher d and d receptor sensitivity in the quaking mouse was also altered stimulation of d receptors by a highly specific agonist skf and mgkg decreased locomotor activity only in mutants but not in controls in contrast qkqk were less sensitive than phenotypically normal qk mice to a selective d dopamine IL-1ra ly quinpirole and mgkg the alterations found in the brain dopaminergic system of qkqk mice may be responsible for the behavioral expression of this neurologic mutation | MEDAL |
patients undergoing a curative rectal CA resection have a risk of developing locoregional recurrence a R0 for local recurrence is the option of improvement in prognosis however a R0 is sometimes too invasive and should be considered in selected patients | MEDAL |
currently the movement that occurs at the site of soft tissue repair cannot be measured accurately in vivo radiostereometric analysis rsa is the gold standard for measuring movement between two skeletal segments in vivo but its application to studying soft tissue migration has been limited by the unknown stability of tantalum beads in tendons and ligaments and their ability to define rigid bodies in these structures | MEDAL |
laboratory diagnosis of erythropoietic protoporphyria epp requires a marked increase in total EA protoporphyrin μgdl erythrocytes reference interval μgdl and a predominance of metalfree PP normal mostly zinc protoporphyrin reference intervals for the zinc protoporphyrin proportion have not been established plasma porphyrins are not always increased xlinked protoporphyria xlp causes a similar increase in total EA protoporphyrin with a lower fraction of metalfree protoporphyrin of the total | MEDAL |
TR fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy data surfaces of flavin adenine dinucleotide bound to lipoamide dehydrogenase from azotobacter vinelandii in glycerol have been obtained by R2 of excitation energy and temperature between and k the fluorescence kinetics of a deletion mutant lacking coohterminal amino acids were compared with the wildtype enzyme to study a possible interaction of the coohterminal tail with the active site of the enzyme the flavin adenine dinucleotide fluorescence in both proteins exhibits a bimodal lifetime distribution as recovered by the maximum entropy method of data analysis the difference in standard enthalpy and entropy of associated conformational substates was retrieved from the fractional contributions of the two lifetime classes E(a) of thermal quenching were obtained that confirm that the isoalloxazines in the deletion mutant are solvent accessible in contrast to the wildtype enzyme rededge spectroscopy in conjunction with R2 of temperature provides the necessary experimental axes to interpret the fluorescence depolarization in terms of intersubunit SE transfer rather than reorientational dynamics of the flavins the results can be explained by a compartmental model that describes the anisotropy decay of a binary inhomogeneously broadened homoenergy transfer system by using this model in a global analysis of the fluorescence anisotropy decay surface the distance between and relative orientation of the two isoalloxazine rings are elucidated for the wildtype enzyme this geometrical information is in PA with crystallographic data of the a vinelandii enzyme whereas the mutual orientation of the subunits in the deletion mutant is slightly altered in addition the ambiguity in the direction of the emission transition moment in the isoalloxazine ring is solved the anisotropy decay parameters also provide information on electronic and dipolar relaxational properties of the flavin AS site the local environment of the prosthetic groups in the deletion mutant of the a vinelandii enzyme is highly inhomogeneous and a transition from slow to rapid dipolar EC50 is observed over the measured temperature range in the highly homogeneous AS site of the wildtype enzyme dipolar EC50 is slowed down beyond the time scale of fluorescence emission at any temperature studied our results are in favor of a coohterminal polypeptide interacting with the AS site thereby shielding the isoalloxazines from the solvent this biological system forms a very appropriate tool to test the validity of photophysical models describing homoenergy transfer | MEDAL |
obstructive SA hypopnea syndrome osahs is a chronic disorder characterized by repetitive apneas oxygen desaturation and disruption during sleep the main clinical manifestations of osahs are snores IH morning headache excessive daytime sleepiness tired and SM descent osahs affects of the GP although commonly accepted as the gold standard for diagnosis of osahs psg is thought to be timeconsuming laborintensive costly and uncomfortable evidence from epidemiology indicated that of women and of men with moderate to severe osahs have not been clinically diagnosed an epidemiological survey in shanghai china showed that more than of osahs was undiagnosed studies showed that undiagnosed osahs is independently associated with the increased likelihood of hypertension cardiovascular diseases stroke daytime sleepiness motor vehicle accidents and diminished SQ of life thus researchers have attempted to develop a simple and effective tool to screen patients with osahs which has been reviewed and summarized in our article | MEDAL |
the organization of projections from the four parts of the ventromedial nucleus vmh and a ventrolaterally adjacent region tentatively identified as the tuberal nucleus tu have been analyzed with small i.v. of the anterograde axonal tracer phaseolus vulgarisleucoagglutinin phal extrinsic and intranuclear projections of each part of the vmh display clear quantitative differences whereas the overall patterns of outputs are qualitatively similar overall the vmh establishes massive intrahypothalamic terminal fields in other parts of the medial zone tending to avoid the PV and lateral zones the ventrolateral vmh is more closely related to other parts of the hypothalamus that also express gonadal steroid hormone receptors including the MPO tuberal and ventral premammillary nuclei whereas other parts of the vmh are more closely related to the anterior Thy and dorsal premammillary nuclei all parts of the vmh project to the zona incerta including the a region and parts of the midline thalamus including the PVH and parataenial nuclei and nucleus reuniens the densest inputs to the septum are to the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis where the VL and CE vmh innervate the anteroventral and AD areas and transverse and interfascicular nuclei whereas the anterior and dorsomedial vmh innervate the latter two the central lateral and medial amygdalar nuclei receive substantial inputs from various parts of the vmh other regions of the telencephalon including the nucleus accumbens and the piriformamygdaloid IL PL anterior cingulate agranular insular piriform perirhinal entorhinal and postpiriform transition Az also receive sparse inputs all parts of the vmh send a massive topographically organized projection to the periaqueductal gray other BS terminal fields include the superior colliculus peripeduncular area LC barringtons nucleus PB nucleus nucleus of the solitary tract and the mesencephalic pontine gigantocellular paragigantocellular and parvicellular reticular nuclei the projections of the tu are similar to and a subset of those from the vmh and are thus not nearly as widespread as those from adjacent parts of the lateral hypothalamic area because of these similarities the tu may eventually come to be viewed most appropriately as the lateral component of the vmh itself the functional implications of the present findings are discussed in view of evidence that the vmh plays a role in the expression of ingestive affective and copulatory behaviors | MEDAL |
neoangiogenesis represents an important factor for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to a growing tumour and is considered to be one of the main pathodiagnostic features of glioblastomas gbm antiangiogenic therapy by vascular endothelial growth factor vegf blocking agents has been shown to lead to morphological V1 normalisation resulting in a reduction of contrast enhancement as seen by magnetic resonance imaging mri yet the functional consequences of this normalisation and its potential for improved delivery of cytotoxic agents to the tumour are not known the presented study aimed at determining the early physiologic changes following bevacizumab treatment a time series of perfusion mri and hypoxia positron emission tomography pet scans were acquired during the first week of treatment in two human gbm xenograft models treated with either high or low doses of bevacizumab we show that V1 morphology was normalised over the time period investigated but V1 CF was not improved resulting in poor tumoural blood flow and increased hypoxia | MEDAL |
several recent reports suggesting that the liver microsomal cytochrome p system is impaired in Sm infections in mice prompted a detailed investigation of the hepatic cytochrome p system in murine schistosomiasis mice were prepared with three C2 of schistosoma mansoni infection and studied and weeks postexposure histological sections of the liver confirmed prominent granuloma formation and portal fibrosis which was dose and time dependent cytochrome p levels appeared reduced grossly in microsomes from homogenates of infected livers but accurate quantitation was complicated by the presence of a prominent peak at nm ethylmorphine ndemethylase activity also appeared to be reduced in all INF animals reaching a maximum decrease at weeks of of control values in the most heavily INF mice nadphcytochrome c reductase activity and cytochrome b levels were similarly reduced utilization of techniques to separate HCs from granulomatous material in infected livers eliminated the nm peak and reversed several of the findings made with wholeliver derived microsomes cytochrome p levels were reduced modestly at weeks in the most heavily infected mice but returned to normal values by weeks TPS EM ndemethylase activity of isolated HCs was increased at weeks with a return to normal by weeks isolated granulomata were incriminated as one possible source of the nm pigment in wholeliver derived microsomes but appeared unlikely to account fully for this finding thus this investigation concluded that the cytochrome p system is altered by exp mu HSS but such alterations are subtle in nature and unlikely to contribute in L1 fashion to the observed changes in drug disposition | MEDAL |
the effects of celastrol cel isolated from TW on guinea pig sperm forward motility fm capacitation cap the acrosome reaction ar and sperm penetration assay spa were assessed in vitro cel microgramsml was found to inhibit these spermatozoal functions and the inhibitions were proportional to the concentrations of cel used the potency of inhibition of cel on the fertilizing ability in guinea pig spermatozoa in vitro seems to follow the order cap fm spa ar the GABA effect appeared to be reversible after washing away cel if the duration of exposure of spermatozoa to cel was shorter than h in a comparative T0 the GABA effects of cel on guinea pig sperm fm and ar were significantly stronger than those of gossypol acetic acid | MEDAL |
we previously reported that the type GK gk rats at young AD ages weeks exhibited increased visceral fat mass and hyperleptinemia due to hyperphagia caused primarily by NPY y npy overexpression in the Thy arcuate nucleus later we found that gk rats continued to exhibit mesenteric fat accumulation and hyperleptinemia at least until weeks of age while hyperphagia and npy overexpression ceased at weeks of age therefore we hypothesized that the longlasting fat accumulation and hyperleptinemia are due to unidentified BB dysfunction other than npy overexpression in gk rats aged weeks glucose transporter glut mrna expression in ventromedial hypothalamus vmh was markedly reduced in parallel with significant decreases in brainderived neurotrophic factor bdnf mrna level and bdnfexpressing cell numbers in the vmh pharmacologic inhibition of gl utilization reduced bdnf mrna expression in vmh in vivo and in vitro the results suggested that impaired glucose utilization caused the reduction of bdnf on the other hand intracerebroventricular i.t. of bdnf for days ameliorated hyperleptinemia in a longlasting manner concurrently with FF suppression in gk rats restricted feeding paired to bdnftreated rats reduced plasma OB level only transiently bdnf treatment also reduced MES fat mass in gk rats these results reveal a novel action mode of bdnf to longlastingly counteract visceral adiposity and hyperleptinemia in addition to and independently of its anorexigenic action these results suggest that VF accumulation and hyperleptinemia are at least partly due to the reduction of bdnf in vmh primarily caused by impaired gl utilization in gk rats the bdnf supplementation could provide an effective treatment of visceral obesity hyperleptinemia and OB resistance in type diabetes | MEDAL |
guineapig ovarian follicles were studied by CS and electron microscopy all freshly ruptured follicles showed small blood vessels within the SG as well as amongst the cells of the theca interna the evidence suggests that the marked increase in the size of the preovulatory follicle stretches the basement membrane between TI and stratum granulosum to breaking point at several places and the resultant passage of blood from the theca interna into the SG flushes out the oocyte | MEDAL |
the present T0 examined relationships between the age at earliest SM and the personality traits and behavioral health of undergraduates participants answered questions on their earliest SM and completed the myersbriggs type indicator mbti and a medical history form analyses indicated that continuous scores on two mbti scales sensingintuition and judgingperceiving were inversely related to age at earliest SM as were participants selfreported drug and alcohol problems emotional and psychological symptoms accident rates physical PS and satisfaction with health respondents who reported first memories at or after years of age ie approximately sd above the mean age at recalled memory were classified as repressors repressors scored in the sensing and judging directions on the mbti and reported significantly fewer emotional PS accidents psychological symptoms and less health satisfaction than nonrepressors results are consistent with the age at earliest memory and repression literature and support the use of earliest memory age as an index of repression | MEDAL |
unilateral partial ablations were made in the medial granular FC cortex of adult squirrel monkeys fiber degeneration was traced using the nautagygax and finkheimer selective silver impregnation techniques into the cingulum uncinate fascicle corpus callosum IC and sublenticular ventral extracapsular bundle corticocortical projections were observed to the lateral orbital parietal rostral inferior temporal and entorhinal cortices as well as to the hippocampus proper subcortical projections were observed to the basal amygdaloid nucleus lateral hypothalamus LD AV mediodorsal pulvinar and ILN of the TH preterminal and terminal fiber degeneration were notably sparse in most of the NS except the dorsolateral region of the caudate nucleus fiber degeneration traversed the medial crus cerebri of the midbrain where fibers of passage ascended into the tegmentum through the medial substantia nigra preterminal and terminal degeneration were present in the mesencephalic Rt formation lateral and dorsal to the red nucleus and a few degenerating fibers were followed into the DL periaqueductal gray degeneration was observed as far caudal as the reticulotegmental nucleus of the rostral pons on the basis of its connections the medial prefrontal SC resembles the remainder of the prefrontal lobe and probably also has an important role in cortical and subcortical limbic mechanisms | MEDAL |
the probability of survival after a first stroke is as a rule small because less than half patients survive one year the greater probability of survival observed in the group of males depends probably on a younger age of the patients at the time of disease ON the probability of surviving the first day first month and first year is lowest in cerebral haemorrhage the prognosis is best in SAH and cerebral infarction the youngest patients were in the group of subarachnoid haemorrhage years mean age and in the group of cerebral haemorrhage years in the other groups of stroke the mean age was about years coexistence of hypertension and atheromatosis decreased most the probability of oneyear survival | MEDAL |
double intraperitoneal injections of MAM mam in Pr rats induce developmental brain dysgenesis with nodular heterotopia similar to human periventricular nodular heterotopia pnh and composed of hyperexcitable SN here we analyzed the nmda BCR and associated proteins in the heterotopic neurons of to monthold mamtreated rats by means of a combined immunocytochemicalmolecular approach our data demonstrated a clear reduction of pactive form of alphacamkii and a selective impairment of both the targeting and the camkiidependent phosphorylation of nrab subunits in the postsynaptic membranes of the maminduced heterotopia the reduced nrab immunofluorescence of the cellular membrane was not due to reduced expression since it was decreased only in postsynaptic fractions but not in the homogenate nmdanr and ampaglur subunits as well as psd and total alphacamkii protein C2 were not affected in mamtreated rats thus revealing that the overall composition of the postsynaptic fraction was not altered these data clearly suggest that the molecular organization of the nmdaalphacamkii complex is selectively altered in the postsynaptic compartment of heterotopic SN this alteration can play a role in determining the hyperexcitability of BB heterotopia in mam rats as well as in human patients affected by pnh | MEDAL |
otoacoustic emissions are believed to arise from an active process associated with the outer hair cells in the rat organ of corti they have been attributed to the presence of impedance discontinuities on the basilar membrane which might be caused by hair cell irregularities to test this hypothesis we have investigated the possible relationship between transient evoked otoacoustic emissions teoaes and anatomical integrity in the OC clickevoked teoaes have been measured from the ear canals of normal pigmented guinea pigs using an otodynamics ilo analyser emissions were present in out of animals tested and the major frequencies observed were consistently present in different measurements over periods of up to ten weeks provided recording conditions were satisfactory the frequency spectra of the teoaes resembled those measured in humans but the latencies of the responses were considerably shorter in one acute experiment the teoaes were shown to be dependent on metabolic SE as they were lost rapidly following termination with an overdose of anaesthetic in another case evoked emissions of long duration sustained at about khz were obtained from both ears all cochleae examined showed irregularities especially patches of mainly apical outer HC loss of differing extents however there was no evidence that substantial lesions coincided consistently with the frequency regions corresponding to the L1 emissions nevertheless it was noted that the total energy level of emissions was proportional to the total outer hair cell loss except in one case where the outer hair cell loss was substantial and the SE level of teoaes was considerably lower although there is no clear relationship between teoaes of TPS frequencies and abnormalities at the corresponding cochleotopic location in the organ of corti which could represent impedance discontinuities the degree of irregularity may determine the overall emission level this finding is consistent with the idea that emissions arise as a result of irregularity producing variations in the reflection coefficient | MEDAL |
cold water submersion can induce a high incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in healthy volunteers submersion and the release of breath holding can activate two powerful and antagonistic responses the cold shock response and the diving response the former involves the activation of a sympathetically driven tachycardia while the latter promotes a parasympathetically mediated bradycardia we propose that the strong and simultaneous activation of the two limbs of the autonomic NS autonomic conflict may account for these arrhythmias and may in some vulnerable individuals be responsible for deaths that have previously wrongly been ascribed to drowning or hypothermia in this review we consider the evidence supporting this claim and also hypothesise that other environmental triggers may induce autonomic conflict and this may be more widely responsible for sudden death in individuals with other predisposing conditions | MEDAL |
quality assurance qa refers to all planned systematic MICs that instill confidence that SQ mammography is being performed quality control qc refers only to the technical aspects of the examination standardized labeling of mammograms and the format for mammographic reports are important parts of a qa program recommendations for both have been published by the american college of radiology minimum staff for a mammography service consists of a scheduler technologists medical physicist and radiologist the scheduler asks the patient questions to ensure that the AGA examination is performed gives the patient instructions and asks the patient to complete a PH questionnaire including a PR form to obtain earlier mammograms one certified licensed technologist is designated to perform qc which includes maintaining darkroom screen and view box cleanliness reviewing processor performance checked with sensitometer densitometer and phantom images repeat analysis analysis of fixative retained in film darkroom fog SF contact and adequacy of compression and visual inspection of equipment a certified medical physicist performs equipment acceptance testing and annual qc visits thereafter the radiologist oversees all aspects of the qa program including selecting and regularly observing the technologists selecting and meeting with the physicist communicating results ensuring patient followup and assessing patient outcome data the radiologist is ultimately responsible for image quality and the standard of patient care | MEDAL |
phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in general possess properties that could be utilized in the development of therapeutic heavy metal chelators | MEDAL |
the transcription factor nuclear factorkappa b nfκb is a crucial player of the antiviral innate response intriguingly however nfκb activation is assumed to favour herpes simplex virus hsv infection rather than restrict it apoptosis a form of innate response to viruses is CR inhibited by hsv in fully permissive cells but not in cells incapable to fully sustain hsv replication such as immunocompetent cells to resolve the intricate interplay among nfκb signalling apoptosis and permissiveness to hsv in THP-1 we utilized u THP-1 in which nfκb activation was inhibited by expressing a dominantnegative iκbα surprisingly viral production was increased in THP-1 in which nfκb was inhibited moreover inhibition of nfκb led to increased apoptosis following hsv infection associated with lysosomal membrane permeabilization high expression of late viral proteins and induction of apoptosis occurred in distinct cells transcriptional analysis of known innate response genes by RT quantitative reverse transcriptionpcr excluded a contribution of the assayed genes to the observed phenomena thus in monocytic cells nfκb activation simultaneously serves as an innate process to restrict viral replication as well as a mechanism to limit the damage of an excessive AI response to hsv infection this finding may clarify mechanisms controlling hsv infection in THP-1 | MEDAL |
in vitro isotonic and isometric mechanical properties of the SH sh muscle an upper airway dilator muscle were studied in rats with a growth hormone ghsecreting tumour gh tumour group n the effects of muscle fatigue were also studied AS and shortening were measured in muscles contracting from zero load up to ISO load under tetanic conditions isometric AS and maximum unloaded shortening velocity were determined and compared with values obtained from control rats n crossbridge kinetics and energetics and mechanical efficiency were calculated from huxleys equations compared with controls isometric stress ME crossbridge number and crossbridge single force were lower in the gh tumour group the probability of crossbridge being in the power stroke configuration was lower in the gh tumour group than in controls muscle fatigue significantly impaired maximal muscle efficiency and crossbridge single force in the gh tumour group but not in controls in conclusion mechanical and energetic properties of the sh muscle and crossbridge properties were worse in the gh tumour group than in controls this may partly account for impairment of the upper airway dilator muscle CF and the increased occurrence of OSA in acromegaly | MEDAL |
heroin is deacetylated in the body to morphine in two steps the intermediate acetylmorphine am is formed rapidly and is considered important for the pharmacological effect of heroin in urine drug testing an atypical DP of morphine and am is known to occur in VLF the aim of this study was to investigate this atypical DP in more detail and to identify responsible substances for a possible inhibition of the conversion from am to morphine urine samples were selected from a routine flow of samples sent for drug testing out of samples containing morphine and acetylmorphintassium phenosan kept before explorations in usual conditions and in conditions of permalloy container ie shielding of solution from the influence of external lowfrequency EM andor geomagnetic fields were studied it is shown that in solutions kept in shielded conditions in the area of high dilution with a concentration of solutions lower than threshold nanoobjects called nanoassociates are not formed and anomalous physicochemical and biological properties observed in solutions kept in usual conditions are not found we conclude that anomalous physicochemical and biological properties of highly diluted water solutions of potassium phenosan made under usual conditions are determined by nanoassociates in which an external lowfrequency electromagnetic andor geomagnetic field is a necessary condition of the formation | MEDAL |
the data on the genomic domain structure of both rat and avian alpha and betaglobin genes are reviewed the TPS features of chromatin dna binding to the nuclear matrix and domainspecific transcripts are discussed in humans the betaglobin gene domain is located in the gcdepleted isochore and contains multiple nuclear matrix attachment regions the locus is controlled by six chromatin regions hypersensitive to dnase located far UP of the first structural gene some of these regions display enhancer activity to support normal transcription level in the domain other mammalian betaglobin domains are similarly organized the avian betaglobin genes are specifically arranged and their expression is less dependent from the locus control region the human alphaglobin gene is located in the gcrich isochore the nuclear matrix att CS are not identified in this gene an analog of the locus control region is located kb upstream of the zetaglobin gene the avian alphaglobin gene domains contain numerous NM att regions in these domains an PE located far UP the genes regulates positive rather than negative transcription an unidentified housekeeping gene as well as some other transcripts not encoding the structural globin genes is transcribed in the direction opposite to that of the globin genes in both mammalian and avian domains | MEDAL |
cell expansion in dicotyledonous leaves is strongly stimulated by bright WL wl at least in part as a result of lightinduced acidification of the PCW it has been proposed that photosynthetic reactions are required for lightstimulated transport processes across plasma membranes of leaf cells including proton excretion the involvement of photosynthesis in growth and wall acidification of primary leaves of bean has been tested by inhibiting photosynthesis in two ways by reducing chlorophyll content of intact plants with tentoxin tx and by treating leaf discs with dichlorophenyldimethylurea dcmu exposure to bright wl stimulated growth of intact leaves of txtreated plants discs excised from green as well as from txor dcmutreated leaves also responded by growing faster in wl as long as exogenous SU was supplied to the photosynthetically inhibited tissues the wl caused acidification of the epidermal surface of IN txleaves but acidification of the incubation medium by mesophyll cells only occurred when photosynthesis was not inhibited it is concluded that lightstimulated cell enlargement of bean leaves and the necessary acidification of epidermal cell walls are mediated by a pigment other than chlorophyll lightinduced proton excretion by mesophyll cells on the other hand may require both a photosyntheg harmed by a male or a cat during different periods of ontogeny | MEDAL |
human pluripotent stem cells pscs represent an opportunity to study human OD in vitro to model diseases in a dish to screen drugs as well as to provide an unlimited and ethically unimpeded source of therapeutic cells cortical gabaergic interneurons which are generated from medial ganglionic eminence mge cells and caudal GE cge cells during embryonic OD regulate cortical neural networks by providing inhibitory inputs their malfunction resulting in failure to intricately regulate neural circuit balance has been implicated in brain diseases such as schizophrenia autism and epilepsy in this T0 using combinatorial and temporal modulation of developmentally relevant dorsoventral and rostrocaudal signaling pathways we efficiently generated mge cells vs cge cells from human pscs which predominantly generate parvalbuminexpressing or somatostatinexpressing interneurons vs calretininexpressing interneurons respectively efficient generation of specific differentiated progenies of hpscs as shown in this T0 will be a pivotal step to realize the full potential of hpscs for regenerative medicine developmental studies disease modeling bioassay and drug screening | MEDAL |
the irish healthcare system is a mixture of free statesupported and private medicine the statesupported general medical services gms scheme maintains a C1 prescription DB which has been used to conduct pharmacoepidemiological studies in ireland the dataset is anonymized thus maintaining patient and prescriber confidentiality three recent studies using this data are described two of which outline the effect of regulatory advice and the media on prescribing patterns and one which describes the OD of an index of prescribing SQ which may be applied to prescription data the gms prescription DB is presently being complemented by a DB for some million people who seek reimbursement for prescriptions from individuals or families in excess of pounds per month which together will have an important role for the continued OD of pharmacoepidemiology in ireland | MEDAL |
estrogen is essential for growth and development of ovarian follicles infections associated with e coli or endotoxin lps suppress estradiol production by the downregulation of cypa expression however the molecular mechanism of its down regulation is not yet known to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of lpsmediated downregulation of cypa gene expression we studied the effect of lps and tlr signaling pathway inhibitor oxpapc oxpapcoxidized palmitoylarachidonoylsnglycerophosphocholine on cypa expression and expression of cebpb and cebpb IB on cypa proximal promoter cypa pii in buffalo granulosa cells in vitro the results showed that lps μgml significantly declined the expression of cypa gene in further experiments inhibitor studies confirmed the involvement of tlr in lps induced cypa gene down regulation in buffalo granulosa cells lps promoted higher C2 of cebpb at cellular and nuclear level in granulosa cells chromatin IP results showed that lps induces higher amount of cebpb IB on the cypa pii further tlr inhibitor attenuated the lps induced implications in conclusion our results demonstrated that cebpb could be a potential regulator for lps mediated downregulation of cypa and decline of beta estradiol C2 in buffalo GCs | MEDAL |
the identification of immunophenotypes expressed on leukemic cells but rare or absent during normal hematopoiesis allows close monitoring of residual one T3 treatment phenotypes that afford a PCD level of leukemic cell among normal bone marrow cells have been identified in of cases of tlineage B-ALL tall of b lineage all and of acute myeloid leukemia aml RD detected with immunologic techniques in patients with acute one during continuation therapy or off treatment usually anticipates overt relapse while these data indicate the reliability of these techniques further studies with homogeneously treated cohorts of patients currently underway are needed to precisely define the clinical significance of detecting occult one at different points during treatment the proportion of patients that can be studied with immunologic methods may increase through the definition of new leukemiaassociated phenotypes using existing antibodies in addition new useful phenotypes may be identified through a the development of novel techniques that allow cell permeabilization with preservation of surface membrane molecules and lightscattering properties b the generation of new antibodies that recognize leukemiaassociated antigens | MEDAL |
this is the second paper in a series of three that investigates eukaryotic microbial diversity and taxon CSD in the cariaco basin venezuela the oceans largest anoxic marine basin here we use phylogenetic information multivariate community analyses and statistical richness predictions to test whether protists exhibit habitat specialization within defined geochemical layers of the water column we also analyze spatiotemporal distributions of protists across two seasons and two geographic sites within the basin nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicates that these two basin CS are inhabited by distinct protistan assemblages an observation that is supported by the minimal overlap in observed and predicted richness of sampled CS a comparison of parametric richness estimations indicates that protistan communities in closely spacedbut geochemically differenthabitats are very dissimilar and may share as few as of total operational taxonomic units otus this is supported by a canonical correspondence analysis indicating that the empirically observed otus are organized along opposing gradients in oxidants and reductants our phylogenetic analyses identify many new clades at species to class levels some of which appear restricted to specific layers of the water column and have a significantly nonrandom distribution these findings suggest many pelagic protists are restricted to specific habitats and likely diversify at least in part due to separation by geochemical barriers | MEDAL |
periprosthetic tibial plateau fractures tpf are rare but represent a serious complication of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty uka as tpfs usually occur perioperatively these can be associated with extended sagittal saw cuts during surgery the aim of the T0 was to evaluate tpf as a function of D2 sagittal saw cuts the hypothesis was that extended sagittal saw cuts reduce the loading capacity of the tibial plateau and increase the risk of periprosthetic tpf in a randomised T0 standardised cemented oxford uka tibial component implantation was performed in six matched paired freshfrozen tibiae in group a a regular preparation of the tibial plateau was performed whereas in group b a standardised extended sagittal saw cut was made at the dorsal cortex of the tibia all tibiae were fractured under standardised conditions and fracture patterns and fracture loads were analysed in group a tibiae fractured with a mean load of fmax kn whereas in group b fractures occurred at a mean load of fmax kn the difference was statistically significant p D2 sagittal saw cuts in uka weaken the tibial bone structure our results show that descendent extended sagittal saw cuts of degrees reduce fracture loads by about surgeons should be aware of the potential pitfalls of an D2 sagittal saw cut as this can lead to reduced loading capacity of the tibial plateau and increase the risk of periprosthetic tpf | MEDAL |
we evaluated patients with histologically typical polymyositis except for an excess of muscle fibres with absent cytochrome oxidase cox IF no biopsies had vacuoles or congophilic material in muscle MF all patients presented with a PH of slowly progressive weakness the average age of onset was years older than a group of polymyositis patients with normal cox IF of muscle fibres selective weakness of knee extension was a prominent and disabling feature in most patients SS creatine kinase was usually mildly elevated ul but at levels lower than those in other patients with polymyositis mitochondrial dna analysis showed multiple deletions in of muscles from patients with excessive numbers of coxnegative muscle fibres a prevalence significantly greater th ltot fifty pairs of po were performed in the whole group separated from to more than years pulmonary CF tests were performed at the same time as po results of these tests showed progressive deterioration in the lung functiondecrease of fev and pao despite of that there were no statistically significant changes in any VL of po in any studied group this phenomenon is difficult to explain it may resulted from the improvement in the cardiac SO observed in copd patient undergoing ltot may be that studied CG were not large enough or time of observation was too short to reveal differences stabilization of po results in spite of deterioration in the lung CF in copd patients needs more studies | MEDAL |
the twodimensional mmwave imaging reflectometer mir on diiid is a multifaceted device for diagnosing electron density fluctuations in F0 plasmas its multichannel multifrequency capabilities and high sensitivity permit visualization and quantitative diagnosis of density perturbations including correlation length wavenuations into the possibility of using the chilled AD release system are continuing as an alternative method to the release of sterile tsetse flies glossina pallidipes austen diptera glossinidae in cardboard boxes exposing tsetse flies to °c for h caused negligible mortality a combination of chilling and irradiation resulted in reduced quantities of seminal contents being transferred to females mortality of flies T3 bulk irradiation was lower when a thermos flask was used than expanded polystyrene mortality after removal from CS increased with age flies that did not have a BM for d prior to SE to cold had a lower overnight survival than flies that were deprived of a blood meal for or d SE of AD male tsetse flies to low temperature should be for as short a duration as is practical so that the fitness of the released sterile flies is not unduly compromised it is also necessary to ensure that losses are minimized during bulk irradiation of adult flies it would be desirable to have minimal losses T3 the combined effects of irradiation cold and transportation such that a sufficient number of sterile male flies will still be available to successfully compete for mating opportunities with wild females | MEDAL |
the relationship between utilization rates and duration of membership in prepaid group practices can have important implications for national policy and hmo administration the results of this T0 demonstrate a substantial reduction in utilization rates with increasing duration of membership over a year period in a developing prepaid group practice pgp located in urban st louis this startup effect is strongly evident across different SES subgroupings of the study population sex race income education and age and for different employers and cohorts the implications of widespread startups for health care financing policy and for important pgp management decisions are discussed and suggestions are made for future T0 of the startup phenomenon | MEDAL |
disorders of sex OD dsd previously referred to as intersex has been recognised as one of the main risk factors for development of type ii germ cell tumours gcts that is seminomasdysgerminomas and nonseminomas eg embryonal carcinoma YS tumour CC and teratoma within the testis this type of CA is the most frequent malignancy in adolescent and young adult caucasian males although these males are not known to have dysgenetic gonads the similarities in the resulting tumours suggest a common aetiological mecnscription factor like tcfl has emerged as a consistently replicated susceptibility gene for type diabetes however whether the tcfl gene also has similar effects on the retinal microvasculature is less clear we therefore aimed to investigate the association between the transcription factor like tcfl rs polymorphism and retinal microvascular phenotypes in the atherosclerosis risk in communities aric T0 | MEDAL |
sex determination is an intriguing system in trioecious papaya over the past seven decades various hypotheses based on the knowledge and information available at the time have been proposed to explain the genetics of the papayas sex determination these include a single gene with three alleles a group of closely linked genes a genic balance of sex chromosome over autosomes CP xy chromosomes and regulatory elements of the flower development pathway recent advancements in genomic technology make it possible to characterize the genomic region involved in GSD at the molecular level HD linkage mapping validated the hypothesis that predicted recombination suppression at the GSD locus PCS mapping and sample sequencing of the nonrecombination region led to the conclusion that sex determination is controlled by a pair of primitive sex chromosomes with a small malespecific region msy of the y chromosome we now postulate that two GSD genes control the sex determination pathway one a feminizing or stamen suppressor gene causes stamen abortion before or at flower inception while the other a masculinizing or carpel suppressor gene causes carpel abortion at a later flower developmental stage detailed PCS mapping is beginning to reveal structural details about the sex determination region and sequencing is expected to uncover candidate sex determining genes cloning of the GSD genes and understanding the GSD process could have profound application in papaya production | MEDAL |
bariatric surgery is the most effective longterm treatment of morbid obesity and also results in a reduction of obesityassociated comorbidities we investigated the role of the polymorphism ca of the fatty acid amide hydrolase gene on the clinical outcomes year T3 biliopancreatic diversion in mo patients | MEDAL |
a radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of antileishmanial excreted factor ef antibody in rabbit sera was developed the assay using leishmania tropica and LD promastigotes ef purified by either SE with PH followed by fractionation on a sephadex g column or by the dissociation of ef antibody complexes was shown to be CS and reproducible using monospecific antief antibodies levels of as low as microgramsml of antief igg could be detected the specificity of the CA was assessed by inhibition with homologous and heterologous ef only minor crossreactivity with rat ef was observed and as little as microgramsml of ef could be detected sera from kalaazar patients showed only times more antief activity as compared with uninfected controls no specificity was observed with sera from KA patients with regard to the type of ef ubecause of its geographical location a tropical pathology is to be found with a prevalence of malaria intestinal nematodoses and filariases wuchereria bancrofti leprosy dengue ciguatera eosinophilic meningitis as well as tokeleau bring its originality to this pathology | MEDAL |
the postectrims meeting is an emblematic event in the field of multiple sclerosis in spain its chief aim is bring together the countrys leading specialist neurologists to analyse the main advances made in multiple sclerosis and to review the most important topics addressed at the ectrims congress the tenth postectrims meeting was held in november over the years this event has firmly established itself as an important meeting point where experts from all over the country get together to foster communication establish synergies and promote and enhance research ultimately aimed at improving the prognosis and quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis this second part addresses the different strategies for the management of patients in advanced stages of the disease and the safety of therapy in multiple sclerosis likewise attention is also drawn to the Az that require further scientific and clinical evidence in this edition particular importance is given to multiple sclerosis in the paediatric population and ageing in the disease at the same time emphasis is placed on the need to conduct collaborative studies and to foster greater awareness among specialists regarding the PCD and management of tr phenolic composition using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection hplcdad pigment contents SQ characteristics the oil was fed to rabbits for two weeks SS biochemistry haematological and liver histological parameters were studied results showed that quercetin caffeic acid and chlorogenic acids were the major phenolic EDC lycopene and other pigments were present in considerable amounts animal studies showed that the body weight of rabbits decreases with the increase of es oil the level of SS glucose total cholesterols triglycerides and ldlcholesterol decrease significantly while an increase was observed in the hdlcholesterol the level of WG blood cells including lymphocytes and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration increases while a significant increase occurred in platelets count with the increase of es seed oil dose in the present T0 microscopic observations in control and the treated groups showed similar cytoarchitecture of the CL with no significant histological changes it is concluded that eruca sativa seed oil is a rich source of important phytochemicals with antiobesity properties in selected animals | MEDAL |
peritoneal exudate cells from nunu mice stimulated with proteose peptone broth but in general not from unstimulated mice permitted cultures of spleen cells from nu/nu nunu mice to respond to the thymusdependent antigen fowl gamma globulin fgammag supernatants of cultures of RPC were also ERP the activity being CS to TR since nunu mice were effective sources of the peritoneal cells it would not seem obligatory for the thymusderived t cell to be involved in the triggering of the bone marrowderived b cell by a thymusdependent antigen fgammag it is proposed that the b cell is triggered at the macrophage surface where it encounters two signals a the antigen and b a protein secreted by the activated macrophage in vivo the t cell may have a role in bcell triggering either in activating the macrophage or in aiding in presentation of antigen on the macrophage surface thymusindependent antigens are proposed to induce an igm response because they are able to provide signal two either by direct interaction with the b cell or via irritation or activation of the macrophage the stimulatory effect of TA activated by an allogeneic interaction was used as a MM of one influence of the t cell on the development of an antibody response the presence in cultures of nunu spleen of an allogeneic interaction had no effect on the inability of these cells to respond to fgammag however when a source of the postulated second signal such as the supernatant of a macrophage SC was present an allogeneic interaction had a powerful amplifying effect on the antifgammag response in contrast the response of nunu spleen cultures to rat erythrocytes was greatly enhanced by the presence of an allogeneic interaction it is suggested that since there was a definite basal response to the heterologous erythrocytes added alone the enhancement represented not an activation of more B1 but rather an amplification of this basal response thus the antifgammag response in cultures of nunu SP differentiates between factors such as those released by G1 macrophages that are involved in bcell triggering and AF released by activated TA that amplify the numbers of antibodyforming cells resulting from a b cell already triggered | MEDAL |
since a NC in the epidemiological DP of meningococcal disease in italy has occurred with a predominance of neisseria meningitidis of serogroup c serotype a and a high proportion of strains resistant to sulfonamides to better understand the epidemiology of the group c n meningitidis strains responsible for the disease over the last five years in italy we studied the dna fingerprinting of strains in combination with serotyping and sulfonamide susceptibility testing the results show that the phenotypical features as well as the fingerprints of the strains studied were similar suggesting the spread of a single clone in the patients studied this is in agreement with the circulation of strains typical of epidemic situations despite the decreasing incidence of the disease in italy during the examined period | MEDAL |
the effects of acute administration of chlorpromazine cpz and perphenazine ppz on hepatic microsomal phospholipids pls and enzyme MICs in the male rat were examined in order to elucidate the relationship between individual pls and drugmetabolizing activity cytochrome p and aniline an hydroxylation activity were initially decreased in cpztreated rats but cytochrome p subsequently recovered to a level not significantly different from the control and an hydroxylation was markedly increased while in ppztreated rats they remained depressed cpz increased the activities of glycerophosphate acyltransferase gpa and choline phosphotransferase cpt while ppz increased the MICs of PA cytidylyltransferase pct phosphatidate phosphohydrolase pph and cpt concurrently cpz raised microsomal phosphatidylcholine pc phosphatidylethanolamine pe phosphatidylserineinositol psi and sphingomyelin sm while ppz increased pc and pe but did not affect the C2 of psi and sm acyl components of phospholipids were also modified cpz significantly decreased the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids particularly in the pc and pe fractions while the effect of ppz was only slight the results imply that an increase of an hydroxylation activity may involve the incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids into enzymeassociated pc and pe | MEDAL |
fosfomycin tromethamine previously FOM trometamol is an orally po fosfomycin which may be used for singledose therapy of uncomplicated urinary tract infections fosfomycin THAM norfloxacin and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole inhibited greater than of bacterial isolates representing different species TMP and NAL had narrower spectrums of activity strains of escherichia citrobacter enterobacter and klebsiella species were much more susceptible when glucosephosphate was added to the test medium but isolates belonging to other genera were not affected | MEDAL |
formulas for the spectra of pulsed vocalizations for both the continuous and discrete cases are rigorously derived from basic formulas for fourier analysis a topic discussed qualitatively in watkins classic paper on the harmonic interval the harmonic interval fact or artifact in spectral analysis of pulse trains in marine bioacoustics edited by w n tavogla pergamon new york pp these formulas are summarized in a table for easy REF along with most of the corresponding graphs the case of a PP tone is shown to involve multiplication of two temporal wave forms corresponding to convolution in the frequency domain this operation is discussed in detail and shown to be equivalent to a simpler approach using a trigonometric formula giving sum and difference frequencies the presence of a dc component in the temporal wave form which implies physically that there is a net positive pressure at the source is discussed and examples of the corresponding spectra are calculated and shown graphically these have application to biphonation two source signals observed for some killer whale calls and implications for a source mechanism a matlab program for synthesis of a similar signal is discussed and made available online | MEDAL |
the study aims to determine the tau and feasibility of a novel folate receptor frbased circulating RT cell ctc PCD method in the diagnosis of nonsmall cell LC nsclc ctcs were collected from ml of blood based on negative enrichment by immunomagnetic beads and then labeled by a conjugate of a tumorspecific ligand folate and an oligonucleotide after washing off redundant conjugates the bound conjugates were removed and analyzed by QPCR the captured cells were validated as RT cells by immunofluorescence staining in the DUE of clinical utility the results showed that the ctc levels of patients with nsclc were significantly higher than the controls healthy donors and patients with benign lung diseases p with a threshold of ctc units the method showed a sensitivity of and a specificity of in the diagnosis of nsclc especially a sensitivity of in stage i disease compared with the existing clinical biomarkers such as neuronspecific enolase nse carcinoembryonic antigen cea CA ca cyfra and squamous cell carcinoma antigen scc ag the method showed the highest diagnostic efficiency area under the curve confidence interval together our results demonstrated that frpositive ctcs were feasible diagnostic biomarkers in patients with nsclc as well as in earlystage tumors | MEDAL |
to assess dimensional scapulothoracic and glenohumeral kinematics in ablebodied subjects during a weightrelief raise and while transferring to and from a wheelchair | MEDAL |
fortynine RT CS in consecutive patients with TB malignant neoplasms were treated with photodynamic therapy pdt after sensitization with the intravenous hematoporphyrin derivative hpd or its more purified form of dihematoporphyrin ether dhe nm of CS from a tunable sensitizer argon light system was delivered to the tumor site through the biopsy channel of a flexible FB all patients had received refused or were ineligible for conventional surgery IR therapy or chemotherapy before or at month T3 each treatment RT response was evaluated according to the following categories CR response cr no visible abnormality and negative biopsy specimen and cytology partial response pr degree of one or size of RT reduced more than some response sr degree of obstruction or size of RT reduced to and progression prog degree of one or size of tumor reduced by less than results were as follows of the PT treated achieved cr achieved pr achieved sr and were categorized as prog complete followup was achieved in all patients clinical effect was evaluated month after treatment by comparing the KPS kps dyspnea level oxygen requirement and presence of symptoms sixtyeight percent had clinical improvement in at least one variable and in two or more variables the results of this study suggest that pdt can play a useful role in the treatment of endobronchial HM | MEDAL |
the CF of B1 and HP tcell subpopulations was studied in patients with various primary humoral immunodeficiencies in the presence of normal t cells b cells of the patients with xlinked agammaglobulinemia xla were not capable either for igm or igg synthesis whereas B1 of the patient with HIM syndrome and three of eight patients with common VL immunodeficiency cvi could produce normal amounts of igm but not igg all patients with xla and the patient with HIM syndrome exhibited normal helper function by t cells for both igg and igm synthesis of normal B1 the CF of cvi t cells was variable when the CF of the patients t cells was tested against normal B1 one cvi patient had overactive suppression capacity in other patients the suppressor cell activity was normal the findings indicate considerable heterogenicity in the CF of lymphocyte subpopulations of the cvi patients | MEDAL |
the efficiency of the direct detection of MP in respiratory exudates by an antigen capture indirect enzyme immunoassay ageia has been compared with its PCD with a cdna probe genprobe assay directed against the specific ribosomal rna sequences of the organism mycoplasma pneumoniae rapid diagnostic system genprobe san diego california both assays showed excellent specificity against a range of mycoplasma species suspended in negative nasopharyngeal aspirates only m pneumoniae and m genitalium reacted in experiments with graded doses of viable m pneumoniae cells suspended in negative nasopharyngeal aspirate the genprobe assay was more CS than ageia detection limits were respectively x cfuml x genomes and x cfuml x genomes detection levels times less CS than culture the two assays were also tested on NP aspirates or sputum specimens from patients with respiratory infection of these were SC or seronegative for m pneumoniae and were culture or SP ageia detected of the latter but the genprobe assay detected only both assays were negative with the cultureseronegatives there were no genprobe CA positiveageia negatives overall it is concluded that although ageia and the genprobe CA are effective substitutes for SC as a diagnostic procedure there is a significant problem with samples which are culturenegative and from patients who have good serological evidence of current infection possible reasons for the disparity between the two assays are advanced | MEDAL |
benzamide riboside br and tiazofurin tr are converted to analogs of nad that inhibit imp dehydrogenase impdh resulting in cellular SD of gtp and dgtp and inhibition of proliferation the current work was undertaken to identify the human nucleoside transporters involved in cellular uptake of br and tr and to evaluate their role in cytotoxicity transportability was examined in xenopus laevis oocytes and saccharomyces cerevisiae that produced individual recombinant human concentrative nucleoside transporter cnt and equilibrative nucleoside transporter ent types hent hent hcnt hcnt or hcnt tr was a better permeant than br with a rank order of transportability in oocytes of hcnt hent hent hcnt hcnt the concentration dependence of inhibition of huridine transport in s cerevisiae by tr exhibited lower ki values than br hcnt versus microm hent versus microm hent versus microm and hcnt versus microm in cytotoxicity experiments br was more cytotoxic than tr to cells that were either nucleoside transportdefective or competent and transportcompetent cells were more sensitive to both drugs exposure to nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside conferred resistance to br and tr cytotoxicity to hentcontaining cem cells thereby demonstrating the importance of transport capacity for manifestation of cytoxicity a BCC line with mutant p exhibited fold higher sensitivity to br than the otherwise similar cell line with wildtype p suggesting that cells with mutant p may be potential targets for impdh inhibitors further studies are warranted to determine whether this finding can be generalized to other cell types | MEDAL |
the carbon dioxide laser has recently received clinical acceptance in neurosurgical practice there are however few studies reported in the neurosurgical literature either clinical or exp concerning its safety or tau on a physiological level by comparison to a more conventional tool this T0 is not a description of a surgical technique but is rather a basic physiological comparison of two surgical instruments in this study cats were pretreated with the proteinbound dye evans blue a corticotomy was performed in one hemisphere with the carbon dioxide laser and in the other with a microbipolar coagulator and a sharp blade the subsequent extravasation of dye was presumed to be proportional to the amount of bloodbrain barrier disruption associated with each lesion when effective power settings for the two devices were compared the laser lesions had significantly less extravasation of blue dye this indicated that there was less damage to the bloodbrain barrier surrounding laser corticotomy than surrounding conventional BP coagulation and sharp disset the time of the initial T0 is stressed en bloc resection is recommended including ipsilateral thyroid lobectomy and dissection of the tracheoesophageal groove radical neck dissection is performed only for extensive cervical node metastases or for reoperations where scarring prevents accurate delineation of the extent of the tumor | MEDAL |
cidofovir shpmpc shydroxyphosphonylmethoxypropylcytosine is an antiviral drug that has been approved for the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in aids patients CDV also possesses potent GABA activity against various human papillomavirusinduced PT in animal models and patients in addition cidofovir inhibits the development of mu polyomavirusinduced hemangiomas in rats by an asyetuncharacterized antivirusindependent mechanism here we report the GABA effect of cidofovir on the development of virusindependent V1 PT originated by basic fibroblast growth factor fgfoverexpressing endothelial cells fgftmae cells in vitro CDV was cytostatic to fgftmae cells at a cytostatic concentration of microgml cidofovir concentrations microgml resulted in cytotoxicity because of induction of apoptosis CDV did not affect fgftmae cell sprouting in threedimensional Fn gel and morphogenesis on MG at noncytotoxic concentrations in vivo CDV microgegg CR suppressed hemangioma formation on the CAM cam induced by intraallantoic i.t. of fgftmae cells without affecting the formation of normal cam vessels accordingly cidofovir applied locally at microgdisc reduced neovascularization on the cam by only intratumoral or SVR administration of cidofovir caused a significant inhibition of the growth of sc ip or intracerebral fgftmae xenografts in nude mice and SCID mice druginduced apoptosis was observed in fgftmae tumors as soon as days after the beginning of treatment in conclusion CDV appears to inhibit the growth of endotheliumderived PT via induction of apoptosis without exerting a direct antiangiogenic activity | MEDAL |
the assessment of memory functions related to medial temporal lobe has become one of the most important issues on current neuropsychology on this communication we review the results which our research group has achieved using two PET magnetic resonance image procedures to assess memory CF hometown walking task and an encodingretrieval task using complex images nine patients with tumoural temporal lesions performed the hometown walking task the results of these patients showed either a bilateral or contralesional representation of memory CF these results confirm thosghly expressed in the striatum during OD may be involved in neural development and plasticity in the striatum we report in the present T0 the ID of a previously uncharacterized rat member of the nocaelbtlp family nolz that is preferentially expressed at high levels in the developing striatum nolz mrna was expressed as soon as striatal anlage began to form at embryonic day in the rat nolz mrna was predominantly expressed in the lateral ganglionic eminence striatal primordium and was nearly absent in the adjacent structures of the medial ganglionic eminence and the cerebral cortex moreover nolz was highly expressed in the subventricular zone of the LGE and was colocalized with the early neuronal differentiation markers of tuj and isl and the projection neuron marker of darpp suggesting that nolz was expressed in differentiating progenitors of striatal PNs a time course T0 showed that nolz mrna was developmentally regulated as its expression was downregulated postnatally with low levels remaining in the VS at adulthood as the tagged nolz protein was localized in the nucleus nolz may CF as transcriptional regulator in a model system for neural differentiation nolz mrna was dramatically induced on neural induction of p embryonal carcinoma cells by retinoic acid suggesting that nolz activation may be involved in neural differentiation our T0 suggests that nolz is preferentially expressed in differentiating striatal progenitors and may be engaged in the genetic program for controlling striatal development | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to evaluate the detection of new cases of leprosy in prudentópolis state of paraná from to additionally we investigated the age group and predominant clinical form of leprosy cases data were obtained from clinicalepidemiological records of confirmed leprosy cases that were notified in the information system for notifiable diseases between and over this period leprosy cases were notified of which presented the multibacillary form with predominance of the virchow clinical form thus indicating a process of intense disease transmission among these leprosy camp between individual koalas individual spermatozoa and even between mitochondrial gyres within single midpieces mmp of the live sperm population was not significantly affected by glycerol but was suppressed by freezing and thawing treatments T3 thawing mmp declined significantly during rewarming especially as the temperature increased from to degrees c the CSD of the GM1 was examined using fluorescentlabelled cholera toxin b in fresh untreated koala spermatozoa gm was detected on the head and midpiece but not on the principal piece no significant redistribution of gm was observed T3 chilling and cryotreatment phosphatidylserine translocation across the plasma membrane was examined using fluorescentlabelled AV few fresh spermatozoa exhibited phosphatidylserine translocation approximately this was not increased by chilling or cryopreservation thus implying that cryotreatment had little effect on plasma membrane lipid asymmetry | MEDAL |
hallux valgus deformity is a common and a significant source of PS it can interfere with daily MICs and affects the quality of life of many people imaging DUE is performed almost exclusively by conventional radiography and systematic evaluation of the conventional radiograph can provide the clinician with the necessary information to choose the correct surgical procedure the radiologist should appreciate the various CS of angular deformity that can be associated with hallux valgus deformity the nature of the articulations within the first ray the presence of a bunion the degree of sesamoid subluxation and the quality of the bone stock systematic radiographic evaluation is vital for ensuring a good surgical outcome all the conventional radiographic features that influence management are defined and quantified within this review and importantly their clinical significance is highlighted allowing for a more purposeful radiographic interpretation | MEDAL |
difficult intubation in children is rare and often predictable during anesthesia consultation this allows to establish a strategy to provide fiberoptic guided tracheal intubation with spontaneous ventilation in function of age and children pathology a good knowledge of physiologic and anatomic children particularities of fiberoptic technique and the respect for some principles lead to ensure the security of this procedure first principle is to use only one anesthetic inhaled or intravenous agent in order to limit an important decrease of ventilation the anesthetic technique recommended for pediatric fiberoptic guided intubation is inhaled anesthesia with sevoflurane but it is possible to use an intravenous agent like propofol with a continuous infusion bolus of to mgkg then mgkg per hour for maintenance or with target controlled infusion schnider MM initial concentration μgml then increase by μgml steps particularly in children older than years with an anesthetic depth control whatever the agent the dose must to be titrated to maintain spontaneous ventilation second principle is to combine an airway local anesthesia with GA to limit AR first a nose topical anesthesia is po with lidocaine plus naphazoline in children older than years then a laryngeal ty articles were retained validation studies of the beck depression inventoryii in both primary care and hospital settings were found for clinics of cardiology neurology obstetrics BB injury nephrology chronic pain CF oncology and infectious disease the beck depression inventoryii showed high reliability and good correlation with measures of depression and anxiety its threshold for detecting depression varied according to the type of patients suggesting the need for adjusted cutoff points the somatic and cognitiveaffective dimension described the latent structure of the SF-36 the beck depression inventoryii can be easily adapted in most clinical conditions for detecting major depression and recommending an AGA intervention although this scale represents a sound path for detecting depression in patients with medical conditions the clinician should seek evidence for how to interpret the score before using the beck depression inventoryii to make clinical decisions | MEDAL |
the objective of this study was to determine the circuit and cardiac effects of norepinephrine ne with and without endotoxin and how these responses are modified by the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase nos we anesthetized eight pigs and instrumented them for measurements of cardiac output q arterial pressure part and mean pulmonary arterial pressure ppa we also placed a ml balloon in the right atrium for transient obstruction of flow and measurement of the mean circulatory filling pressure mcfp and resistance to venous return rvr T3 baseline measurements animals were treated with microgkgh of escherichia coli endotoxin at min the measurements were repeated we then infused mgkg of ngnitrolarginine methyl ester lname for min and repeated the measurements at baseline at the end of endotoxin infusion and T3 lname infusion we infused and microgmin of ne for min each and recorded hemodynamic measurements at each dose ne shifted the venous return curve ie increased mcfp to the right without changing rvr and increased cardiac output co both at baseline and T3 endotoxin endotoxemia markedly flattened the DRCs for the NC in part ppa co and heart rate with ne the peak response of part to ne T3 endotoxemia was restored with lname but the other DRCs were not affected ne also did not shift the venous return curve after lname furthermore the increase in part with ne was of shorter duration after lname than in the baseline condition in conclusion ne shifts the venous return curve to the RA and improves co in endotoxic and nonendotoxic conditions endotoxemia decreases the arterial responsiveness to ne lname partly restored this loss of responsiveness in arteries but not in the venous circulation | MEDAL |
osteoclastlike giant cells ogcs may occur in several types of breast carcinomas bs neuroendocrine differentiation may be present in bs but associated with ogcs neuroendocrine differentiation has been rarely reported a case of invasive ductal carcinoma with ogcs and NE differentiation diagnosed by fine needle cytology fnc is described a yearold woman with a nodular lesion of the right breast underwent to fineneedle cytology fnc the smears showed a dissociated cell population of monomorphous mononucleated atypical cells with interspersed multinucleated giant cells osteoclastlike the MNC component showed plasmacytoid features and frequent vacuoles of secretion IS ihc performed on cell block sections showed oestrogetiation requires the recruitment of the C1 multiprotein eif complex to the s ribosomal subunit we present xray structures of all major components of the minimal sixsubunit saccharomyces cerevisiae eif core these structures together with electron microscopy reconstructions crosslinking coupled to mass spectrometry and integrative structure modeling allowed us to position and orient all eif components on the sâ eif complex revealing an D2 modular arrangement of eif subunits yeast eif engages s in a clamplike manner fully encircling s to position key initiation factors on opposite ends of the mrna channel providing a platform for the recruitment assembly and regulation of the translation initiation machinery the structures of eif components reported here also have implications for understanding the architecture of the mammalian s preinitiation complex and the complex of eif s and the HC IRES rna | MEDAL |
SVR lupus erythematosus sle is an inflammatory connective tissue disease with an autoimmune background involving various organs and systems during its course the most important and characteristic clinical manifestations have been included in the revised diagnostic criteria for the classification of sle published by the american college of rheumatology acr in one of them is oral ulceration which occurs in of sle patients oral ulcers and other gastrointestinal complaints such as dyspepsia abdominal pain and diarrhea usually attributed to the sideeffects of medications are among the most frequent symptoms in patients with lupus we report the case of a yearold female suffering from longstanding lupus with kidney and joint involvement who developed ABD pain diarrhea edema and cachexia our case illustrates the difficulties encountered when searching for the cause of gastrointestinal symptoms attention during diagnosis should be given to rare gastrointestinal manifestations of sle such as intestinal pseudoobstruction ipo and PLE ple | MEDAL |
p elementinduced gene conversion has been previously used to modify the white gene of drosophila melanogaster in a directed fashion the applicability of this RPA of gene targeting in drosophila melanogaster however has not been analyzed quantitatively for other genes we took advantage of the p elementinduced forked S2 fhd which was used as a target and we constructed a vector containing a modified forked fragment for converting fhd conversion frequencies were analyzed for this locus as well as for an alternative white S2 weh combination of both p elementinduced mutant genes allowed the simultaneous analysis of conversion frequencies under identical genetic developmental and environmental conditions this paper demonstrates that gene conversion through p elementinduced gap repair can be applied with similar success rates at the forked locus and in the white gene the average conversion frequency at forked was and that at WG was these frequencies indicate that in vivo gene targeting in Dm should be applicable for other genes in this species at manageable rates we also confirmed the homolog dependence of reversions at the forked locus indicating that p elements transpose via a cutandpaste mechanism in a different experiment we attempted conversion with a modified forked allele containing the suhw binding site despite an increased sample size there were no conversion events with this template one interpretation under investigation is that the IB of the suhw product prevents doublestrand break repair | MEDAL |
organic isothiocyanates itcs are dietary components present in cruciferous vegetables the purpose of this investigation was to examine the cytotoxicity of naphthyl isothiocyanate nitc benzyl isothiocyanate bitc betaphenethyl isothiocyanate peitc and sulforaphane in human breast cancer mcf and human mammary epithelium mcfa cell lines as well as in a second human epithelial cell line human kidney hk cells the cytotoxicity of nitc bitc peitc and sulforaphane as well as the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agents daunomycin dnm and vinblastine vbl were examined in mcfsensitive wt mcfadr which overexpresses pglycoprotein mcfa and hk cells cell growth was determined by a SRB CA the ic values for dnm and vbl in mcfadr cells were microm and microm mean se following a hr exposure ic values for bitc peitc nitc and sulforaphane were and microm respectively with similar values obtained in mcfwt cells corresponding values for bitc peitc nitc and sulforaphane in mcfa cells were and microm respectively bitc and peitc can inhibit the growth of human breast CA cells as well as human mammary epithelium cells at concentrations similar to those of the chemotherapeutic drug dnm sulforaphane and nitc exhibited higher ic values the effect of these itcs on cell growth may contribute to the cancer chemopreventive properties of itcs by suppressing the growth of preclinical tumors and may indicate a potential use of these compounds as chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment | MEDAL |
peb from campylobacter jejuni is an intertwined dimeric periplasmic holdase which also exhibits peptidyl prolyl cistrans isomerase ppiase activity peb gene deletion alters the outer membrane protein profile and impairs cellular adhesion and biofilm formation for c jejuni earlier crystallographic study has proposed that the ppiase domains are flexible and might form a cradle for holding the ATP and these aspects of peb were explored using submicrosecond molecular dynamics simulations in solution en normal OBP bp with high ambulatory or home bp this condition is associated with increased cardiovascular target organ damage as true hypertension because the relation with HT is controversial we investigated it in a pilot longitudinal and controlled T0 | MEDAL |
serum GABA AF sif have been demonstrated in several infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders most likely they are caused by an immune reaction and their persistence indicates a chronic course sera and SFs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and of patients with arthrosis were therefore studied in order to determine whether immunosuppressive AF exist only in inflammatory diseases and whether their titers correlate with the activity of the disease phainduced stimulation of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes measured as h thymidine uptake in the presence of patients SS was related to lymphocyte stimulation observed in the presence of control sera using the mifagarose assay the effect of sera and SFs on the tuberculininduced MIF was also studied sera of of patients with rheumatoid arthritis inhibited mitogeninduced normal lymphocyte thymidine uptake and abolsihed MIF probably by blocking mifproduction high titers appeared to predict an unfavourable course in contrast sera of all patients with degenerative joint disease failed to exert these effects SFs of all patients irrespective of the nature of the underlying joint disease did not affect lymphocyte stimulation or leukocyte migration other AF such as immune complexes cytotoxic antibodies or drug metabolites could be excluded as potential causes of the observed effects exerted by rheumatoid ICA sera these results indicate that the presence of SS factors inhibiting phainduced LS and leukocyte migration inhibition respectively may be used as a diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of RA ICA | MEDAL |
advanced glycation end products are a diverse class of posttranslational modifications stemming from reactive aldehyde reactions that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of degenerative diseases because T3 glycation end products are accelerated by and result in formation of oxygenderived FRs they represent an important component of the oxidative AS hypothesis of alzheimer disease ad in this study we used in situ techniques to assess nepsiloncarboxymethyllysine cml the predominant T3 glycation end product that accumulates in vivo along with its glycationspecific F0 hexitollysine in patients with ad as well as in young andscranial MS rtms is a new technology for exploring brain CF with this method a small electromagnet is placed on the scalp by activating and deactivating it nerve cells in the underlying superficial cortex are depolarized several studies have found that prefrontal rtms has potential tau in treating depression and this technology in addition to being a research tool may soon play a role in psychiatric practice thus establishing the safety of this technology is important and has been studied insufficiently the authors performed tweighted threedimensional volumetric magnetic resonance mr imaging on depressed adults AS control before and T3 they participated in a week doubleblinded placebocontrolled trial of daily left prefrontal rtms for the treatment of depression a total of stimuli seventeen patients also had paired tweighted scans in a blinded manner mr scans were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed for structural changes no qualitative structural differences were observed before and T3 treatment in addition volumetric analysis of the prefrontal lobe showed no changes in the weeks of the T0 in conclusion days of daily prefrontal rtms at these intensities and frequencies does not cause observable structural changes on mr scans in depressed adults | MEDAL |
this investigation reports pilot data on two points originally raised in the earliest reports of the tau of betablockers in akathisia their potential utility in the akathisia of IPD and the possibility of determining a central vs a peripheral site of action by comparing the time course of the effects of lipophilic and hydrophilic agents akathisia improved in patients with IPD T3 low dose propranolol treatment six patients with neurolepticinduced akathisia were treated with the hydrophilic betablocker nadolol effects on akathisia occurred but evolved much more slowly than T3 treatment with lipophilic agents such as propranolol and MET thus suggesting a central site of action | MEDAL |
while it is estimated that hypertrophic C2 osteophytes occur in up to to of the population they are only rarely associated with dysphagia pathophysiologically dysphagia may occur secondary to mechanical compression with partial obstruction or periesophageal inflammation caused by pharyngoesophageal motion over the osteophytes a careful history indirect laryngoscopy cineesophagography and lateral C2 spine films establish the diagnosis in most patients while routine rigid endoscopy is potentially hazardous in view of the recognized risk of inadvertent pharyngoesophageal perforation it may be necessary in selected patients to rule out the presence of other more common causes of dysphagia conservative management consisting of sedation antiinflammatory medication and reassurance is often sufficient in patients with only mild to moderate and often transient PS the value of surgical therapy for this disorder has been debated but most agree that surgical excision is AGA in selected patients whose symptoms are severe and progressive in this report two patients illustrate the dichotomy between and value of both conservative and surgical approaches while both transoropharyngeal and transcervical extrapharyngeal surgical approaches have been used a comprehensive review of the results of such procedures has not been reported in this report a detailed description of the AL extrapharyngeal RPA for the excision of these osteophytes is given and its value compared to other surgical techniques discussed | MEDAL |
the nhs plan doh states that the modern national health servievelopment of safe housing and compassionate care for seniors is becoming a priority domestic issue assisted living is one of the fastest growing types of senior housing in the nation attracting residents with a perceived combination of security personal care services less restrictive homelike environments and emphasis on independence privacy and personal dignity as there is limited reference to assisted living in the social work literature this article selectively reviews the broader literature on the aging us population and their need AL as a senior housing and care option the characteristics of this approach and the potential for social work practice in this evolving arena | MEDAL |
it has recently been postulated that immunoglobulin class switching is preceded by transcription from unrearranged heavy chain genes in this report we have investigated the conditions under which rna transcribed from unrearranged c gamma c gamma c gamma b c gamma a c epsilon and c alpha genes are induced in normal spleen cells by mitogens andor interleukin il il and interferongamma lipopolysaccharide lps plus il induced germline gamma and epsilon transcripts lps induced gamma b and gamma transcripts and high doses of il suppressed these lpsinduced transcripts interferongamma induced low C2 of germline gamma a transcripts and profoundly suppressed the gamma and epsilon transcripts induced by lps and il il CT or in combination with il andor lps did not induce germline alpha transcripts spleen cells of the partially immunodeficient mice cban and C3 which dn increase of endotoxin in this MM the OD of hypercoagulability with mild fibrinolysis was observed histopathologic findings in the kidneys including the formation of microthrombi in the glomeruli and the vacuolization and dilatation of renal tubular cells suggest the OD of mild dic in the endotoxininduced dic model both remarkable state of hypercoagulability and fibrinolysis were observed with fibrin thrombi in glomeruli the administration of the plateletactivating factor antagonist cv or of human AT iii ameliorated dic significantly by limiting the increases in prothrombin time APTT time and Fn Kd products these agents significantly reduced the deposition of fibrin in the glomeruli and significantly prolonged the survival time of the endotoxin injected rats these observations suggest that the paf antagonist cv and atiii merit clinical DUE in the management of dic caused by septisemia | MEDAL |
ethiopian wolves canis simensis are an endangered carnivore endemic to the ethiopian highlands although previous studies have focused on aspects of ethiopian wolf biology including diet territoriality reproduction and infectious diseases such as rabies little is known of their helminth parasites in the current T0 faecal samples were collected from wild ethiopian wolves in the bale mountains of southern ethiopia between august and february and were screened for the presence of helminth eggs using a semiquantitative volumetric dilution method with microscopy we found that of the faecal samples contained eggs from at least one group of helminths including capillaria toxocara trichuris ancylostomatids hymenolepis and taeniids eggs of capillaria sp were found most commonly followed by trichuris sp ancylostomatid species and toxocara species three samples contained hymenolepis sp eggs which were likely artefacts from ingested prey species four samples contained taeniid eggs one of which was copropolymerase chain reaction copropcr and CS positive for echinococcus granulosus suggesting a spillover from a domestic parasite cycle into this wildlife species associations between presenceabsence of capillaria toxocara aed the expression of both hsp protein and type iv collagen mrna the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase erk and cjunnterminal kinase jnk was increased by uuo but these changes were inhibited by meloxicam collectively these results suggest that cox may be involved in the expression of hsp and type iv collagen through the phosphorylation of erk and jnk accelerating renal interstitial fibrosis | MEDAL |
this T0 investigates the DP of axonal projections of single corticothalamic SN from the rat primary VC microiontophoretic injections of biocytin were made in cortical laminae v and vi to label small pools of corticothalamic cells and their intrathalamic axonal projections after a survival period of h the animals were perfused and the tissue was processed for biocytin histochemistry on the basis of the intrathalamic distribution of axonal fields and the types of terminations found in the TH three types of corticothalamic projections were identified cells of the upper part of lamina vi projected to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus where they arborized in rostrocaudally oriented bands or rods parallel to the lines of projection of rrbath method acc to magnus fig SC media and the washed IN material did not show any or only very little effectiveness on the other hand the fractionated charges diminished histamine standard solutions except for very little remaining activity in the case of all strains this effect was stronger in vegetative forms than in spores fig the histamine effect on the isolated organ was generally increased by means of culture media as well as by the washed intact material in this respect S9 of nonlytic strains showed a slightly higher effectiveness than S9 of lytic clostridial strains fig it was shown in earlier investigations cf bibliography that the charges of clostridial strains decompose plasmakinin synthetic BK at varying rates reduction of histamine activity by means of clostridia could lead to a decrease of the MC and capillarypermeability in the RT tissue as hypothesized for BK and thereby favour its disintegration | MEDAL |
the influence of dental correction on nociceptive pressure test responses fecal appearance bcs and apparent digestibility coefficient for dm was studied in zamoranoleonés donkeys an endangered local breed from the zamora province in spain for this purpose donkeys were divided into homogeneous control and treatment CG based on age bcs and dental findings on d and bcs and nociceptive test responses were evaluated in all donkeys feed and fecal samples were collected from all donkeys for consecutive days starting at each of the aforementioned days apparent digestibility coefficient for dm was estimated using adl as an internal marker a progressive decrease of positive nociceptive test responses was observed from d up to p in the TG no difference between groups was observed for bcs however bcs at d was greater p than observed on d or indicating a time influence concerning AD coefficient for dm there were differences among collection days in AD coefficient for dm p no differences in fecal appearance were observed between treatments or collection days this study highlighted the importance of regular dental care for not only zamoranoleonés donkeys but also the equid population in GA to improve their welfare | MEDAL |
the functional assessment of cancer therapygeneral factg scale which was developed and validated in the usa is widely used to measure the healthrelated SQ of life in CA patients the purpose of the present study was to empirically validate the factg scale with korean breast CA patients | MEDAL |
absorption and steadystate and TRF spectra of fast blue rr fbrr and fast violet b fvb were studied in solvents with different polarities and in the presence of α and βcyclodextrins cds dual emission observed in nonpolar solvents suggested that the SE of the intramolecular charge transfer ict state is lower than that of the locally excited state the normal stokesshifted band originated from the locally excited state and the C1 stokesshifted band was due to the emission from a planar intramolecular charge transfer pict state the ratio of the pict emission to the normal emission increased with βcd concentration whereas it was constant upon addition of αcd this behavior is in accordance with cddependent decay times of pict and normal emissions indicating the formation of different fbrrcd inclusion complexes the rise time for the pict emission increased with βcd concentration whereas no rise time was observed in the case of the αcd complex the size of the dimethoxyaniline ring suggested that the orientation of fbrr in the βcd complex was different from that in the αcd complex the benzamido moiety of fbrr is deeply encapsulated in the cd cavity whereas the aniline ring is exposed to the hydrophilic part semiempirical quantummechanical δe δg δh δs and homolumo calculations were also carried out to assign the encapsulation of fbrr and fvb | MEDAL |
athletes have higher bone mineral density bmd relative to nonathletes in amenorrheic athletes bmd may be compromised by estrogen deficiency but it is unknown whether this is accompanied by structural differences we compared FA neck bone geometry and density of aoligomenorrheic athletes aas eumenorrheic athletes eas and eumenorrheic controls ecs we recruited women endurance athletes and controls FA neck bmd section modulus z and width were measured using DEXA menstrual function was assessed by questionnaire and classified as ea ⥠periodsyear or aa ⤠periodsyear athletes were aa and ea FA neck bmd was significantly higher in ea than aa difference and ec difference mean se and g cm respectively p z was significantly higher in ea than ec difference ea aa and ec cm p femoral neck width did not differ between groups all differences persisted after adjustment for height age and body mass the higher femoral neck z and bmd in athletes despite similar width may indicate that exerciserelated bone gains are endosteal rather than periosteal athletes with amenorrhea had smaller increments in BMC rather than structural adaptation the maintained femoral neck width in controls may be an adaptive mechanism to conserve bone strength in bending despite inactivityrelated bone decrement | MEDAL |
the treatment of human one u cells with m bufalin in the absence of SS resulted in the immediate translocation of CS kinase ck from the cytoplasm to the nucleus as determined by ce the betaglobin gene in sperm dna after SE to increasing concentrations of bisbenzimide donor n sperm specimens were pooled and washed in a discontinuous percoll gradient divided and incubated in tubes containing Bb at concentrations control and microm at degrees c and scanned on a computeraided sperm motility analyser at and h spermatozoa were also incubated in a known mutagen ethidium bromide as positive control T3 h of incubation the treated sperm cells were processed through dna SE and polymerase chain reaction pcr performed with primers targeting the betaglobin gene the amplified dna products were analysed for evidence of mutation in PAGE and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis dgge and further confirmed in dgge the results showed complete cessation of motility in sperm incubated in the presence of microm or higher concentrations of bisbenzimide the beat cross frequency sperm parameter was significantly different at the microm or higher concentration of Bb compared with the control at concentrations microm bisbenzimide there were no differences in the remaining sperm kinematic parameters percentage rapid progressive percentage total progressive sperm E/A linearity straightness ALH and percentage hyperactive motility pcr and dgge analyses of spermatozoa treated with bisbenzimide showed no evidence of mutation in the representative region of the betaglobin gene at concentrations microm the data suggest an GABA effect of Bb on human sperm motility at microm or higher concentrations of bisbenzimide the decrease in sperm motility and rapid progression were not due to changes in ph point mutation in the representative region of the betaglobin gene in human spermatozoa was detected only at high concentrations or microm of bisbenzimide the data suggest that incubating sperm in low concentrations of bisbenzimide microm for up to h does not significantly affect all the sperm kinematic parameters including the beat cross frequency parameter when compared with the control | MEDAL |
mutations in splicing factor sf genes are frequently detected in myelodysplastic syndrome but the prognostic relevance of these genes mutations in AML one aml remains unclear in this T0 we investigated mutations of three sf genes sfb uaf and srsf by sanger sequencing in patients with de novo aml and analysed their clinical relevance sf mutations were identified in of total cohort and of those with intermediaterisk cytogenetics sf mutations were closely associated with runx asxl idh and tet mutations sfmutated aml patients had a significantly lower complete remission rate and shorter diseasefree survival dfs and overall survival os than those without the mutation multivariate analysis demonstrated that sfmutation was an independent poor prognostic factor for dfs and os a scoring system incorporating sf mutation and ten other prognostic AF was proved very useful to riskstratify aml patients sequential T0 of paired samples showed that sf mutations were SD during aml evolution in conclusion sf mutations are associated with distinct clinicbiological features and poor prognosis in de novo aml patients and are rather stable during disease progression these mutations may be potential targets for novel treatment and biomarkers for disease monitoring in aml | MEDAL |
the aim of the present study is to investigate whether exoenzymatically mediated chlorination of fulvic acid fa results in the formation of chlorinated groups within the macromolecules which correspond to those which were previously detected in soil and surface water samples the chlorination was carried out by exposing fa to a commercial chloroperoxidase cpo in the presence of chloride and hydrogen peroxide the exposed fa was then chemically degraded using an oxidative technique and finally analysed for four different aromatic CG and their chlorinated analogues the particular aromatic CG included were the methyl esters of ethoxybenzoic acid methoxyethoxybenzoic acid diethoxybenzoic acid and dimethoxyethoxybenzoic acid along with their mono and dichlorinated analogues prior to the chemical degradation procedure the fa was analysed for aox adsorbable organic halogens and chlorinated acetic acids the original fa contained mg clorg g and detectable amounts of two chlorinated aromatic CG after SE to the enzyme the concentration of aox increased to mg clorg g and detectable amounts of four chlorinated aromatic CG as well as di and trichloroacetic acid were found | MEDAL |
the hifocus midscala electrode is intended to improve hearing for individuals with severetoprofound hearing loss by providing extended electrical coverage of the cochlea while minimizing trauma related to insertion the electrode is AGA for use with a wide range of surgical techniques including either a cochleostomy or RW insertion and the use of either a freehand or toolassisted approach the objective of this survey was to evaluate how the hifocus midscala electrode and IS tools was used across a population of cochlear implant recipients of differing ages audiologic profiles and anatomical characteristics the intent was to understand the type and frequency of surgical techniques applicable with the electrode and to provide guidelines for clinical practice two questionnaires were completed by surgeons at implant centres located in the united states europe and asia before any surgeries were conducted surgeons completed a questionnaire that assessed their overall cochlear implant surgical practice and preferences following each hifocus midscala electrode insertion surgeons completed a questionnaire that summarized their experience during that surgical procedure questionnaires were completed by surgeons from centres for a total of surgeries adults children most surgeons preferred to insert the electrode via the RW or an D2 RW compared with a cochleostomy whereas the remaining indicated that they made an IS choice based on presenting anatomy sixtynine percent preferred a freehand approach over using IS tools in procedures surgeons elected to deviate from an intended RW insertion to either an extended round window or cochleosto degrees of similarity were found although there were no accessions that were MZ these results highlight the crops great genetic diversity which can be explained not only by their different geographical origins but also to the fact that these are native plants that have not come from genetic improvement programs the geographic origin could be in the cases where no exchanges of plant material took place a key criterion for cultivar clustering conclusions as a result of the present study we can conclude that among all the parameters analyzed those related to fruit and seed size as well as the juices acidity and ph had the highest SP of discrimination and were therefore the most useful for genetic characterization of this pomegranate germplasm banks this is opposed to leaf and flower characteristics which had a low power of discrimination this germplasm bank more specifically was characterized by its considerable phenotypic and presumably genetic diversity among pomegranate accessions with a greater proximity existing among the varieties from the same geographical area suggesting that over time there had not been an exchange of plant material among the different cultivation Az in summary knowledge on the extent of the genetic diversity of the collection is essential for germplasm management in this T0 these data may help in developing strategies for pomegranate germplasm management and may allow for more efficient use of this germplasm in future breeding programs for this species | MEDAL |
the identification of cellular proteins involved in the control of cell proliferation in normal cells is essential for understanding the mechanism underlying growth regulation and cellular transformation a nuclear protein termed ki antigen with a relative mobility of mr k and which is recognized by sle patient antisera has been identified in cells of human bovine and murine origin recently cdna clones for the bovine and human ki antigens have been isolated using sle patient antisera t nikaido et al in preparation the nucleotide sequence predicted a protein of amino acids with a possible nuclear localization signal resembling that identified in sv t antigen and other nuclear proteins here we show that the expression of ki antigen is regulated in the normal cell but not in the transformed cell furthermore in the kras temperaturesensitive mutant cell L1 ts normal rat kidney nrk ki antigen expression increases severalfold at the permissive temperature relative to the NPT these results suggest that expression of ki antigen might be correlated with cellular transformation as well as with cell growth regulation | MEDAL |
to understand the interaction of lithium li with a coadministered drug in both the blood and the BB we have treated rats with either li CT or li and a codrug in this paper we address the important problem of quantitation of intra and extracellular li ion contents in blood by the linmr technique and the use of a shift reagent sr although li can be studied by atomic absorption techniques these techniques involve tedious separation of intra and extracellular components prior to chemical analysis magnetic resonance studies on rat blood in the dose range of to meqkg indicate that the intracellular red blood cell li predominates in the lower dose range of meqkg as the lithium dose increases a significantly larger amount of li accumulates in the ECV our studies on a number of animals at various doses of licl indicate that linmr of blood samples provide a reliable noninvasive quantification of red blood cell and plasma li concentrations the nmr method was further used to study the effect of coadministered drugs such as thioridazine on the intra and extracellular li concentration of rbcs | MEDAL |
the effects of recombinant gh doses microgramskgday times a week for months lower than those previously used in the treatment of ghdeficient adults ghda on BC bone mineral content and HR structure and function were investigated in seven six males and one female aged yr ghda they were studied before treatment T3 treatment and months T3 stopping therapy and findings were compared with those for sex age and body mass indexmatched HCs before treatment ghda showed a significant reduction in insulinlike growth factori C2 an increase in bioimpedance and fat mass percentage a reduction of bone density at both distal and PT sites a decrease in bone glaprotein and PC iii levels and significant cardiac impairment supported by a reduction of left ventricular mass index and LVSF with decreased fractional shortening and rateadjusted mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening gh treatment normalized insulinlike growth factori levels BC and echocardiographic findings but not BD six months after stopping therapy all parameters investigated returned to the i.c.v. conditions our results suggest that prolonged GHD induces alterations in body composition and bone metabolism and density and impairment of cardiac structure and function in AD life gh replacement therapy for months despite the low doses used by us is able to improve all previously impaired PSA and clinical features except for bone density this improvement disappears months T3 the withdrawal of therapy | MEDAL |
rift valley fever virus rvfv is a rna virus that belongs to the genus phlebovirus family bunyaviridae it infects humans and livestock and causes RVF rvfv is considered an agricultural pathogen by the usda as it can cause up to abortion in cattle and extensive death of newborns in addition it is designated as category a pathogen by the cdc and the niaid in some human cases of rvfv infection the virus causes fever ocular damage liver damage hemorrhagic fever and death there are currently limited options for vaccine candidates which include the mp and clone versions of rvfv viral infections often deregulate multiple cellular pathways that contribute to replication and host pathology we have previously shown that latent human immunodeficiency virus hiv and human tcell lymphotropic virus htlv infected cells secrete exosomes that contain short viral rnas limited number of genomic rnad fifth βstrands of the timbarrel catalytic domain that are differentially conserved within the substratediverse enzyme families using αisopropylmalate synthase and citramalate synthase from methanococcus jannaschii mjipms and mjcms SDM was used to test the role of each identified position in ATP selectivity kinetic data suggest that residues at the β and β positions play a significant role in the selection of αketoisovalerate over Pyr in mjipms however cDNA substitutions in mjcms fail to alter ATP specificity suggesting residues in these positions do not contribute to substrate selectivity in this enzyme analysis of the kinetic data with respect to a protein similarity network for the cclike subgroup suggests that evolutionarily distinct forms of ipms utilize residues at the β and β positions to affect ATP selectivity while the different versions of cms use unique architectures importantly mapping the identities of residues at the β and β positions onto the protein similarity network allows for rapid annotation of probable ipms enzymes as well as several outlier sequences that may represent novel functions in the subgroup | MEDAL |
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