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somites are fundamental structures within the paraxial mesoderm of the vertebrate embryo that give rise to the vertebrae and muscle of the trunk and tail studies of knockout mice and gene expression analyses have shown that the notch pathway is crucial in establishing the reiterative DP of somites a largescale screen in zebrafish previously identified five mutants that show CA in somite boundary formation four have essentially the same phenotype with posterior somite defects and neuronal hyperplasia recent work has suggested that genes affected in these mutants encode components of the notch signaling cascade the fifth mutant fused somites fss shows a different phenotype characterized by CR lack of somite formation along the entire anteroposterior axis gene expression and phenotypic analyses in mutant embryos have implicated fss in somite formation independent of notch signaling suggesting the presence of a new pathway regulating somite boundary formation we show here that the fss gene encodes a tbox transcription factor that is expressed in intermediate to anterior presomitic mesoderm psm and is involved in psm maturation | MEDAL |
based on the consecutive surviving HI cases and GA trauma cases this study examined the contribution of brain and nonbrain injuries to cognitive and psychosocial outcome month postinjury the study also examined the relationships among various HI severity indices the HI severity indices were all correlated but patients with glasgow coma scale scores in the mild range had broadly ranging scores on the other HI severity indices abbreviated injury scale and time to follow commands NP outcome was related to BB injury severity but was not independently influenced by severity of other systems injuries psychosocial outcome related to both brain and nonbrain injuries independently when evaluating trauma outcome it is important to consider the contributions of both BB and other system injuries | MEDAL |
pulmonary hypertensive states are associated with an increased propensity for thrombosis this prothrombotic state appears to be a result of pulmonary hypertension promoting endothelial dysfunction and altered hemodynamic status in some patients with primary pulmonary hypertension however a primary prothrombotic state directly induces the pulmonary hypertensive state this review focuses on the evidence for the association between prothrombotic states especially increased PLT activation and the development of pulmonary hypertension | MEDAL |
thirteen obese children and matched controls were fed a mixed meal and responses were evaluated at fixed intervals for glucose insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide gip the obese children were evaluated before and within h after completion of a mo exercise training program etp the etp included three AE sessions per week and modest diet restrictions caloric expenditure was increased by approximately kcalexercise session weight gain was minimal over the mo an unexpected increase in gip response and improved insulin tolerance were recorded for the obese children postetp gip values were higher p less than at and min and led to a highly significant elevation p less than of the integrated gip response for postetp obese versus both preetp and normalweight controls insulin values were lower p less than at and min and led to a lower integrated insulin response p less than for postetp obese children however the obese children continued to secrete more insulin p less than than normalweight controls glucose tolerance similar for preetp obese subjects and controls did not NC in postetp children exerciseinduced improvement in glucose utilization in these obese children was associated with an increase in gip secretion this contrasts with reports that calorie restriction will improve glucose utilization with decreased insulin and gip secretion the T0 demonstrates a previously unreported uncoupling of gip and insulin secretion and suggests shifts in peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulininduced glucose uptake these shifts may in part be influenced by gip | MEDAL |
a total of male patients presenting with acute gonococcal urethritis were admitted to the hospital the diagnosis was confirmed by smear culture oxidase reaction and sugar fermentation tests the patients were treated with a single mg capsule of rosoxacin all patients except one showed adequate response to rosoxacin | MEDAL |
HCC carcinoma hcc is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world transcatheter arterial CE tace was commonly used for hcc patients postoperatively however the survival benefits of adjuvant tace were controversial due to the extensive heterogeneity of hcc hence there is a critical need to explore potential biomarkers that can predict the clinical response to tace the ampactivated protein kinase ampk is a highly conserved heterotrimeric serinethreonine kinase that plays a central role in linking metabolism and cancer OD in this study we aimed at evaluating the association of pampkα thr status with clinical outcomes in hcc patients treated with or without postoperative adjuvant tacepampkα thr expression was assessed using IHC in a cohort of chinese hcc patients who had undergone RT resection kaplanmeier analysis and multivariate cox PH models were used to study the impact on clinical outcomeshigh pampkα thr expression was associated with improved diseasefree and overall survival and was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival by multivariate analysis furthermore low pampkα thr expression level was correlated with high percentage of ov tumorinitiatril and may approximately ha of the land was divided with electric fencing into equally sized pastures ha in size blood samples were collected monthly from steers in each grazing group for analysis of gl g ureanitrogen un and nonesterified fatty acids final bw average daily gain adg and supplement conversion cddgsc increased with increasing levels of cddgs supplementation pthe cddgs supplementation also increased the plasma g and un concentrations p in exp of digestive metabolism ruminally cannulated steers bw ± kg were distributed following a completely randomized design into CG of three in each pasture the ruminally cannulated steers were provided the same levels of cddgs supplementation as in the growing performance study and bw and they grazed along with the other steers throughout the grazing periods the DMI CP intake neutral detergent fiber intake ndfi apparent digestibility of dry matter addm CP adcp and neutral detergent fiber adndf increased with increasing C2 of cddgs supplementation p the ruminal degradation rates of cp kdcp ndf kdndf and passage rate kp also increased with increasing C2 of cddgs supplementation p ruminal ammonia nitrogen nhn and propionate concentrations also increased with increasing levels of cddgs supplementation p however acetate concentrations decreased with increasing levels of cddgs supplementation p liquid dilution rate increased with increasing levels of cddgs supplementation but ruminal liquid volume decreased p on the basis of these findings we can conclude that cddgs supplementation enhanced the productive performance of cattle grazing native rangeland without negatively affecting forage intake glucose and ureanitrogen blood concentrations ruminal Kd and ruminal fermentation patterns | MEDAL |
deep venous thromboembolism dvt was studied in patients with CSI ii and iii melanoma undergoing staging and therapeutic inguinal lymph node dissection the ability of two noninvasive methods of surveillance the phleborheograph prg and the i fibrinogen scan to detect deep VT was determined by comparison with prospective bilateral LE venograms in addition the therapeutic impact both beneficial and detrimental of low dose heparin units po subcutaneously two hours prior to and every eight hours after operation was determined in a double blind T0 the sensitivity of the prg and i fibrinogen scan were both there were five deep venous thrombi and two pulmonary emboli for a combined incidence of dvt of for the entire patient population however there was no significant difference in the incidence of dvt between the two groups the heparintreated patients had an increased total volume versus ml p less than and duration of wound drainage versus days p less than | MEDAL |
we used functional positron emission tomography pet measuring regional CBF blood flow rcbf as an index of neuronal activity to investigate the CE processing of itch in healthy volunteers subjected to intracutaneous injections of histamine the study has unraveled a central representation that depicts a motor intention of the urge to scratch contingent on the perception of unpleasant itch the coactivation of the anterior cingulate cortex acc SMA area sma PM area pm and inferior parietal lobule ipl substantiates that the posterior sector of the acc brodmann is related to the sensorialaffectional aspect of the event the PM cortical Az sma pm and the ipl may participate in the preparation of an intended action | MEDAL |
NIDDM diabetes mellitus niddm is considered to predispose impaired GB function and an increased prevalence of GB disease the aim of this study was to evaluate the gallbladder function of patients with niddm by quantitative technetiummlabeled iminodiacetic acid analogue tcm disida cholescintigraphy one hundred and fortyfive niddm patients males females age years with the absence of autonomic or IP neuropathy and without GB or liver disorders were enrolled in this study the patients were categorized by blood sugar control hbac or as a poor blood sugar control group and hbac as a good BS control group and disease duration diabetic duration or years as a longerduration group and diabetic duration years as a shorterduration group in addition NCs males females age years were also studied for comparison all niddm patients and normal controls underwent tcm disida cholescintigraphy and the filling fraction ff and ejection fraction ef of gallbladder were calculated the results showed significant difference between niddm patients versus NCs in ff and ef poor versus good blood sugar control of niddm patients in ff and ef and longer versus shorter disease duration of niddm patients in ff and ef our T0 including a large number of subjects showed that GB function of patients with niddm is more impaired than the normal controls and impaired GB CF in niddm patients is related to disease duration and BS control | MEDAL |
the study aim was to evaluate the resultant changes in the upper airway T3 maxillomandibular advancement mma for obstructive SA | MEDAL |
the purposes of this study were to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of preoperative templating on conventional radiographs crs for metalonmetal hip resurfacing and to determine the factors affecting the accuracy four observers templated crs on separate occasions in a blinded fashion eight independent variables were evaluated to investigate their effect on the accuracy of templating the overall accuracy of templating within one size of the actual component was for the femoral component and for the acetabular component overall the intraobserver and interobserver reliability was fair to substantial κ using MRA surgical time was the only factor that affected the accuracy of predicting the size of the acetabular component p we conclude that cr templating for MOM hip resurfacing is a useful method for preoperative planning of the sizes of the respective implants and that surgeon experience does play a significant role in the accuracy of predicting component size during templating | MEDAL |
we have previously shown the importance of DF within skin substitutes for promoting the emergence of a PET neodermis T3 grafting in humans however the use of fibroblasts from sources other than the dermis needs to be evaluated for patients with extensive skin loss here we examined the capacity of human bone marrowderived cells bmdcs selected for their ability to adhere to plastic SC dishes to behave like HDFs when incorporated within a d in vitro reconstructed tissue that promotes dermal fibroblast differentiation like DF bmdcs contracted a collagen matrix and were growth regulated by the matrix environment they had the same shape and their nuclei had the same FF as DF in addition both cell types expressed desmin and vimentin but not alphasmooth SMA bmdcs deposited collagen types i and iii and fibrillin with similar efficiency to dermal fibroblasts in addition bmdcs have the potential to regulate this deposition as they produced metalloproteinases mmp mmp and mmp and metalloproteinase inhibitors timp very similarly to DF bmdcs can thus be induced to express functions resembling those of DF including those involved in the wound healing process | MEDAL |
PCD of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa is still a problem for automated system users fortynine strains were studiedtwo kinds of tests were performed the first by using a microgram nafcillin disk with the autobac system the second by testing an oxacillin disk by diffusion on muellerhinton agar base complemented with natrium chloride incubated at degrees c between the two tests we observed a concordance for of the strains six strains showed a discrepancy with the reference method but for five of them the CS scattering index lsi showed a decreasing sensibility near for the cut off whereas only one CS is considered as susceptible the micrograms nafcillin disk allow better results than the micrograms oxacillin disk in the automated system autobac | MEDAL |
the adsorption performance of cs beads impregnated with triton x tx as a nonionic SF and sodium dodecyl sulfate sds as an anionic surfactant was investigated for the removal of anionic dye congo red from AQ solution while the adsorption capacity of cstx beads was enhanced at all concentrations of tx the increase in the concentration of sds above in the cssds beads gradually reduced the adsorption capacity of the beads equilibrium adsorption isotherm data indicated a good fit to the sips isotherm model and a heterogeneous adsorption process the sips maximum adsorption capacity in dry weight of the cstx beads was mgg and mgg for the cssds beads higher than the mgg of the cs beads modification of cs beads by impregnation with nonionic SF or even anionic SF at low concentrations is a possible way to enhance adsorption of anionic dye | MEDAL |
the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used as a MM system for studying the physiological and pharmacological action of smallmolecular drugs here a heterozygous 2C s cerevisiae CS qss was generated to determine whether drugs could induce chromosomal instability by determining the frequency of MI recombination using the combination of a custom snp microarray and yeast screening system the patterns of CIN induced by drugs were explored at the whole genome level in qss we found that zeocin a member of the bleomycin family treatment increased the rate of genomic alterations including aneuploidy loss of heterozygosity loh and chromosomal rearrangement over a hundredfold most recombination events are likely to be initiated by dna doublestand breaks directly generated by zeocin another remarkable finding is that gmotifs and low gc regions were significantly underrepresented within the gene conversion tracts of zeocininduced loh events indicating that certain dna regions are less preferred zeocinbinding sites in vivo this T0 provides a novel paradigm for evaluating genetic toxicity of smallmolecular drugs using yeast models | MEDAL |
we examined the effects of intrathecally po NPY-LI on the spinal nociceptive FR in decerebrate spinalized unanesthetized rats with intact sciatic nerves or days after unilateral transection of the sciatic nerve in rats with IN sciatic nerve intrathecal NPY y at low doses and ng caused a brief facilitation of the FR at a dose of ng the effect of NPY y on the FR was biphasic ie a brief facilitation followed by slight depression at higher doses and micrograms the effect of NPY y was mainly GABA causing substantial and usually prolonged depression of the flexor reflex magnitude the reflex depression caused by intrathecal neuropeptide y was not reversed by the opioid antagonist naloxone or the alpha AR antagonist atipamezole intrathecal neuropeptide y at doses up to and micrograms had no effect on reflex facilitation caused by CS of cfibers intrathecal substance p or neurokinin a topical application of NPY y microgrammicroliter failed to influence the monosynaptic reflex in normal rats eleven to days after peripheral axotomy the initial excitation of the FR to intrathecal NPY y was significantly enhanced in axotomized compared with normal rats however the depressive effect of NPY-LI on the flexor reflex was unchanged NPY y did not influence the MSR in axotomized rats at this period in experiments performed on rats in which the sciatic nerve had been transected days previously the facilitatory effect of NPY-LI on the flexor reflex remained enhanced compared with normal rats furthermore the GABA effect of neuropeptide y also increased as ng intrathecal neuropeptide y was able to produce reflex depression in a similar fashion as ng NPY-LI normally and the reflex depression caused by microgram NPY-LI was stronger and longer lasting than in normal rats intrathecal neuropeptide y ng micrograms in rats with IN sciatic nerves caused a moderate decrease in spinal cord dorsal surface blood flow as measured with a LDF this effect of NPY-LI was unchanged in axotomized rats the present results support previous observations that spinal application of NPY-LI in normal rats caused antinociception as the depressive effect of NPY-LI is independent of spinal opioid and alpha adrenergic systems it may be mediated by its own receptorsabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
in a study on the nutrient and SE content of defined parts of the body five veal calves each were slaughtered at the start and at the end of two fattening periods with liquid diet the whole body weight of the three CG of veal calves averaged and kg all body organs and parts resulting from slaughtering and partitioning were weighed divided among CG of cuts and analyzed for DM crude protein ether extract ash and energy the various cuts showed different weight gains in relation to LW blood hide and gastrointestinal tract and also total meat increased about proportionally to LW the innards and bones developed more slowly during the week fattening period the percentage of total meat of the carcass increased from to the percentage of adipose tissue from to over the same period the percentage of bones decreased from to the groups of organs and tissues showed considerable differences in nutrient content with an increase in ether extract concentration from to of fresh matter during fattening the AT of finished calves contained times the amount of EE of animals at the start of fattening the deposition of fat in the skeleton in contrast to the soft tissues already Cmax level in the weight range under kg among the four defined CG of lean meat there were no major differences in crude protein and ash in the total meat crude proteieeks patients with normal phenotypes types and were given gm three times daily and experienced an average drop of mg ml while patients with types and hyperlipidemia responded effectively cholesterol levels in type patients dropped earliest and most consistently with an average decrease of mg ml a comparable group of patients with hyperlipidemia taking PL showed on average no NC in serum cholesterol SS triglyceride values were not altered significantly the resin is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and produces a slight increase in fecal volume results of chemistries enzyme assays prothrombin times hematology and urinalysis and body weights wer unaltered there was no evidence of lithogenic bile production colestipol is a tasteless and ordorless copolymer with high acceptability SE were limited to occasional bloating gas and constipation the drug is a safe ERP palatable hypolipedmic agent | MEDAL |
glaucoma diagnosis identification of people at risk initiation of treatment and timing of surgical MI remains a problem despite new and improving diagnostic and therapeutic options for glaucoma blindness from glaucoma is increasing and glaucoma remains a L1 public health problem the role of heredity in ocular disease is attracting greater attention as the knowledge and recent advances of HGP and the hapmap project have made genetic analysis of many human disorders possibleglaucoma offers a variety of potential targets for gene therapy all risk factors for glaucoma and their underlying causes are potentially susceptible to modulation by gene transferthe discovery of genes responsible for glaucoma has led to the OD of new methods of dsDNA dnabased diagnosis and treatment as genetic defects responsible for glaucoma are identified and the PSA mechanisms underlying the disease are recognized new methods of therapy can be developed it is of utmost importance for the ophthalmologists and glaucoma specialists to be familiar with andpparγ agonist improves left ventricular lv hypertrophy in dietinduced hypercholesterolemic rats however the effects and underlying mechanisms of rosiglitazone on myocardial remodeling in spontaneous hypertension rats shrs are unclear twenty male weekold shrs were randomly divided into two groups one treated with oral saline n and the other treated with rosiglitazone mgkgday n ten agematched WK were selected as a NC echocardiography immunohistochemistry RT reverse transcriptasepcr and western blot analysis were performed to assess the effects of rosiglitazone after weeks of treatment lv hypertrophy was significantly att by rosiglitazone lv weightbody weight ± vs ± mgg according to the echocardiography results thickening of the lv wall was reduced and midwall fractional shortening was improved by rosiglitazone similarly the excessive collagen deposition and upregulation of NTx and collagen iii seen in shrs receiving saline were significantly attenuated in shrs receiving rosiglitazone in addition rosiglitazone treatment increased the activity of matrix metalloproteinase mmp and normalized the mmptissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase ratio furthermore activator protein ap activation and nuclear factorkappa b nfκb expression were suppressed in the rosiglitazonetreated group these results demonstrate that the pparγ agonist rosiglitazone had beneficial effects on myocardial CR in shrs by way of decreasing ap activation and nfκb expression which may help in further inhibiting transcription of the downstream genes involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial CR induced by hypertension | MEDAL |
prognostic indicators of survival in consecutive patients men and women with postinfarction ventricular septal defect were reviewed infarct location was anterior in VPI in and combined in the hospital mortality among patients not receiving surgical therapy was of the surgically treated patients survived time from diagnosis to operation VVI CF and presence or absence of shock were analyzed in a LR MM to determine which AF carried independent prognostic value shock was independently predictive of OM p less than of additional variables examined nonsurvivors were characterized by a shorter time from postinfarction ventricular septal defect to T0 a relatively higher incidence of VPI infarction moderate right VVI dysfunction and mild LVD and a lower RA VVI systolic pressure results of postmortem examination were available for nonsurvivors quantitative analysis of percent IVT infarcted revealed that in patients with inferior infarctions a mean of of the right IVT was infarcted compared with in patients with anterior infarction p kaplanmeier survival estimates revealed year survival of year survival of and year survival of seventy percent of survivors were in new york heart association class i or ii these data show that irrespective of ventricular CF or timing of T0 the OD of shock is the most important predictor of survival in postinfarction ventricular septal defect the higher mortality in patients with inferior infarction may be associated with a greater degree of right ventricular infarction and consequent dysfunction finally LT survival and excellent PET REC can be achieved in patients undergoing T0 | MEDAL |
hyperhomocysteinaemia is an independent risk factor for premature atherosclerotic vascular disease and venous thrombosis hypothyroidism is associated with mild hyperhomocysteinaemia the aim of the present study was to assess plasma total homocysteine thcy and its determinants folate cobalamin in hyperthyroid patients before and T3 treatment | MEDAL |
sixhundred sixtyseven patients with endoscopically proven PU were included in a randomized multicenter trial to assess the comparative efficacy of sucralfate and cimetidine one hundred eightyseven patients with gastric ulcer and patients with duodenal ulcer completed the study ulcer healing was evaluated endoscopically at six weeks for DU ulcer and at eight weeks for gastric ulcer patients with unhealed ulcer at this time were assigned to the other therapy for a second period of six or eight weeks of treatment crossover in patients with DU gastric ulcer pain relief and healing were not significantly different in the two groups eightyeight percent of DU ulcers and percent of gastric ulcers healed with six weeks of sucralfate treatment reported side effects and symptoms pooled together for DU and gastric ulcer were more significant in the sucralfate group percent than in the cimetidine group percent constipation was the most frequent symptom recorded in conclusion sucralfate and cimetidine are both excellent healing agents for ST treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcer both give rapid relief of PS without severe SE | MEDAL |
in this T0 we have investigated the combined effect of EM treatment and external beam radiation on human prostatic cancer RT cells du transplanted in nude mice the treatment was given according to two different schedules in the first treatment regimen EM was po intraperitoneally ip intermittently for days the radiation therapy which was started on day was given with gy fractions during an daylong period to a TD of gy the combination treatment EM radiation resulted in a significant tumor growth retardation as compared to the control group this pronounced effect was seen neither with radiation alone nor with EM alone in order to further extend the radiation treatment time a second therapy regimen was employed in this part of the T0 EM was administered ip intermittently for days the radiation therapy which was started on day was given with gy fractions during a daylong period to a total dose of gy under these conditions a significant tumor growth retardation was disclosed when comparing the combination treatment estramustine radiation with radiation alone the PT were analyzed for content of necrosis and proliferative activity the largest proportion of CN was seen in the combination estramustine RT group also the PT from this group expressed a decreased proliferative activity the data indicate that EM acts as a radiosensitizing agent in human prostatic cancer cells in vivo the radiosensitizing properties of the drug encourage further studies with respect to clinical application | MEDAL |
twentythree patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma who had not had prior chemotherapy were treated with chop cyclophosphamide adriamycin vincristine and prednisone sixteen of these patients had previously been treated with radiation therapy nine of these patients had a pathologically documented complete response at the conclusion of chop with an overall CR response rate of in patients whose disease was confined to lymph NO the complete response rate was of or while in patients with stage iv disease only of or had CR responses although prior radiation therapy could not be demonstrated to be an adverse prognostic factor in this small series it could have accounted for the low overall CR response rate noted complete response in this series was well sustained with an actuarial RFS of and an AS of at two years no CR responses occurred in five occal infection cases raises the possible responsibility of renal tubular epithelium rte ag and of a streptococcal ag dpenicillamine therapy case is a wellknown cause of mgn although the acting ag remains unknown four children had SS sicknesslike symptoms two had hematologic disorders and two had PT tubular dysfunction one of them with proven antitubular and antialveolar basement membrane antibodies a decrease in plasma c clq and factor b with normal c was frequently observed the multiple ag previously described as causative of mgn are recalled the prevalent incidence of hbsag is stressed and the necessity for further investigations in patients with mgn in order to find an underlying disease is emphasized | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to compare measured height with estimates of height derived from equations using half armspan measurements and assess how this affects the calculation of the body mass index bmi among elderly individuals direct height measurements of a subsample of elderly individuals from the baseline sample of the bambuà project were compared with estimates of height derived from equations proposed by bassey and the who the data was analyzed using the mcnemar test lin concordance correlation coefficient ccc and blandaltman method p estimates of height using the who method showed a low ccc in relation to measured height for bmi the concordance was greater however with this method height was found to be underestimated so leading to the overestimation of bmi the bassey equation showed high concordance with measured height in elderly people over years of age with respect to bmi the who method resulted in a much greater prevalence of overweight whereas the estimates derived from the bassey method did not differ from the results obtained from direct height measurement height estimates using the bassey equation were similar to the results obtained from direct measurements suggesting that this method is applicable | MEDAL |
while rats were responding in a singlelever apparatus to avoid electric shock a signal was presented and followed by a min timeout period when all shocks were omitted for the responsedependent member of each yoked pair the T1 sec T3 ON of the pretimeout signal terminated the signal and initiated TO the other yoked animal was eotoxin contents than the air in industrial Az median eum or in towns median eum C2 in industrial areas were significantly higher than in towns a literature T0 revealed BG C2 of endotoxin on different continents between eum with median or mean values between eum endotoxin concentrations in towns and industrial Az were higher in april and may than in autumn and winter and were higher in october than in winter these data of exposure in background environments and of seasonal R2 are helpful for public health practitioners epidemiologists and industrial hygienists | MEDAL |
ESS has become the standard of care for the surgical management of chronic sinus disease sinus disease and its surgical treatment carry the risk of orbital complications irrespective of the RPA orbital complications associated with sinus surgery include NLD damage extraocular muscle injury intraorbital hemorrhageemphysema and direct optic nerve damage resulting in blindness the finding of an unequal pupil at the end of a procedure would be a cause of considerable concern but it is most likely due to the topical contamination of the eye with a mydriatic pharmacological agent commonly used in ESS | MEDAL |
orthodontic retainers are wearable customizable medical devices for dental protection or alignment here clonidine hydrochloride chloaded wearable personalized d printed orthodontic retainers were studied for local sustainedrelease of drugs ch powders were mixed with peg tween polylactic acid and polycaprolactone the mixture was hotmelt extruded to form a filament that was d printed to a customizable original orthodontic retainer with the fused deposition modeling fdm method the original retainer showed a burst release of ch in the early stage of the dissolution process though a sustained release appeared in the late stage the in vivo burst PR of ch would lead to unexpected side effect the original retainer was modified by coating with hydrophilic polymers or washing with buffered solutions to obtain the coated or washed retainer the coated retainer still showed a burst release while the washed retainer showed an optimal sustained release many ch MPs existed on the surface of original retainers according to the scanning electron microscopic image so that the burst release was unavoidable the hydrophilic CP coating method did not NC the PR profile because the CP was also rapidly dissolved however most of the surface ch can be eliminated by washing so that the burst PR dissappeared in the washed retainer furthermore the simulated ch concentrationtime profiles in the circulation of humans of the washed retainer showed the stable and AGA drug C2 for more than days wearable personalized d printed drugloaded orthodontic retainers are a promising drugdevice for sustained PR of drugs | MEDAL |
this T0 assessed decisionmaking and its associations with EFs and sleeprelated AF in patients with obstructive SA thirty patients with untreated obstructive sleep apnea and healthy age and educationmatched controls performed the iowa gambling task a decisionmaking task under initial ambiguity as well as an extensive neuropsychological test battery patients but not controls also underwent a detailed polysomnographic assessment results of group analyses showed that patients performed at the same level of controls on the IGT however the proportion of risky performers was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group decisionmaking did not correlate with executive functions and subjective ratings of sleepiness whereas there was a significant positive correlation between advantageous performance on the IGT and percentage of n sleep minimal oxygen saturation average oxygen saturation and time spent below oxygen saturation level also the minimal oxygen saturation accounted for of variance in decisionmaking in conclusion this study shows that a subgroup of patients with obstructive SA may be at risk of disadvantageous decisionmaking under ambiguity among the sleeprelated factors oxygen saturation is a significant predictor of advantageous decisionmaking | MEDAL |
improvements in perinatal care have resulted in increased survival of infants born prematurely however neurological damage due to ischaemic infarction of the PV VWM is a problem of enormous medical social and economic importance such V1 insult leads to destruction of the PV white matter termed periventricular leukomalacia pvl this abnormality is the leading cause of significant morbidity in the survivors of premature birth magnetic resonance imaging mri is perhaps the only imaging modality which can accurately detect and quantify periventricular leukomalacia | MEDAL |
the effects of insulinlike growth factor binding proteins igfbps on human cg hcginduced oocyte maturation ovulation steroidogenesis and intrafollicular plasminogen activator pa activity were investigated in rabbit ovaries perfused in vitro the addition of igfbp but not igfbp to the perfusate dose dependently inhibited hcginduced ovulation whereas ovulation failed to occur in any ovaries perfused with medium or igfbp alone igfbp ngml significantly inhibited the resumption of meiosis in ovulated ova and follicular oocytes in hcgtreated ovaries as well as the hcgstimulated production of estradiol e but not progesterone by the perfused ovaries intrafollicular pa activity increased significantly within h after exposure to hcg reaching a maximum at h igfbp significantly inhibited hcgstimulated intrafollicular pa activity the blockade of hcginduced ovulation by igfbp correlated with the reduction in intrafollicular pa activity treatment with hcg induced a fold increase in intrafollicular igfi messenger rna C2 at h although ovulation failed to occur in ovaries treated with igfi ngml in the absence of gonadotropin igfi significantly increased the mean diameter of preovulatory follicles and stimulated the resumption of meiosis in follicular oocytes these effects ofth cells incubated with OA acid oa at similar concentrations the rate of coa incorporation into triacylglycerol tg nmolmgh was approximately fold greater than that of cepa the mass of tg formed after incubation of fibroblasts with epa was also significantly lower than that formed with oa vs microgramsmg cell protein respectively p the addition of excess unlabeled epa reduced the rate of incorporation of coa into tg whereas unlabeled oa stimulated incorporation of cepa into tg when the cells were preincubated with human serum basic proteins bp i ii and iii the mass of tg formed compared to baseline was significantly higher with the basic proteins whether oa or epa was studied only bp i significantly stimulated the mass of cell phospholipids an effect that occurred with either oa or epa in the medium the results suggest that in cultured normal human fibroblasts oa is a better ATP for tg synthesis than epa and that this effect may be accentuated by the presence of the basis proteins | MEDAL |
diabetes mellitus confers a threefold to fivefold increased risk of mortality from V1 disease the primary cause of this increased incidence of V1 disease is atherosclerosis but the mechanisms accounting for the increase are unclear chronic HG is a common feature of all forms of diabetes mellitus and may contribute greatly to the increased incidence of atherosclerosis via promotion of both lipoprotein and tissue glycation which may have atherogenic effects the present study investigated the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on measures of lowdensity lipoprotein ldl metabolism and atherosclerosis in streptozotocininduced diabetic stzdm and control cynomolgus monkeys T3 months of T0 consistent with a chronic hyperglycemic state diabetic monkeys had significant increases in glycated hemoglobin ghb and glycated plasma ldl concentrations but had minimal changes in total plasma cholesterol tpc or triglyceride tg concentrations during the T0 fortyeight hours before necropsy control and in vitroglycated ldl were differentially radiolabeled and coinjected into diabetic and control monkeys there was a significant increase in arterial ldl accumulation in FA arteries from diabetic monkeys compared with controls with similar trends in other arterial CS the effect of ldl glycation on arterial ldl accumulation was minimal in both CG arterial segments from diabetic monkeys also had greater amounts of arterial cholesterol content compared with controls histomorphometric analyses showed that diabetic monkeys had significantly greater intimal areas in the femoral i.a. and abdominal aorta compared with controls diabetic monkeys also had reduced arterial CR or compensation in the FA artery and abdominal aorta however there was no difference in advanced glycation end products age in arterial collagen between CG in conclusion experimentally induced diabetes mellitus increases arterial ldl accumulation and atherosclerosis extent in cynomolgus monkeys before changes in age formation the increased atherogenesis may be due to changes in lipoproteins or direct effects of HG on the artery wall | MEDAL |
phonoangiography as a noninvasive quantitative analysis of arterial bruits was conducted just prior to standard invasive radiographic angiography in patients sound records from carotid arteries were analyzed with a new processing technique employing a high speed analog acoustic analyzer the autocorrelator in arteries with carotid stenosis a correlation coefficient of resulted between phonoangiographic diameter predictions and radiographic diameter estimates bruit analysis identified two patients with patent lumen diameters but tortuous carotid vessels one hundred thirtythree CAs had no bruits that could be analyzed but angiograms showed no extracranial stenosis four arteries from which bruits could not be analyzed were found to be totally occluded carotid phonoangiography appears applicable in approximately one of seven patients now requiring angiography of head and neck vessels when applicable phonoangiography is significantly correlated with angiographic findings | MEDAL |
the aim of the present T0 was to describe the fibre architecture of the fetal heart at mid gestation and to clarify some persistent controversies concerning the architecture of the myofibres in the right VVI wall and the muscular ventricular SP we used quantitative PLM to obtain information about the orientation of myocardial cells in the VVI mass these cells joined into a network by anastomoses have at any point in the VVI mass a principal directionthe fibre direction we have quantitated this information in the form of maps of the azimuth and elevation angles in midgestation fetal NF our findings show that the fibre architecture of the heart can be conceptualised as myocardial MF running like geodesics on a nested set of warped pretzels this model is an extension to the whole ventricular mass of krehls triebwerk and streeters MM which was restricted to the left ventricle a pretzel itself can be considered as two doughnuts joined sidebyside with the tunnel at the center of each doughnut corresponding to the ventricular cavity over and above the excellence of the fit between the data and the geodesic representation three strong arguments support this MM first it is the only existing model that explains the observed rolling over of MF around the atrioventricular valvar orifices second it explains the trajectory of the MF from the Epi to the endocardium at the basal parts of both ventricles and at the apical part of the LV third the predicted topological singularities of the model are systematically observed in each of the hearts studied | MEDAL |
a pilot T0 was conducted to compare odor emissions from a windrow process and an aerated static pile and to determine the odor reduction efficiency of a pilot twophase biofilter for odor control of biosolids composting chemical compounds identified as responsible for odors from biosolids composting include ammonia dimethyl disulfide carbon disulfide formic acid acetic acid and sulfur dioxide or COS aeration was found to reduce the concentration of ammonia formic acid and acetic acid by and respectively compared with a nearby windrow while dimethyl sulfide carbon disulfide and sulfur dioxide or carbonyl sulfide concentrations were below detection limits using dilutiontothreshold olfactometry aeration followed by biofiltration was found to reduce the odor from biosolids composting by biofiltration also altered the character of odor emissions from biosolids composting producing a less offensive odor with an earthy character BF was found to reduce the concentration of ammonia dimethyl disulfide carbon disulfide formic acid acetic acid and sulfur dioxide or carbonyl sulfide by and respectively the concentrations of those odorants were estimated to be and times reported human detection limits before the twophase biofilter respectively and and times human LOD after the biofilter respectively | MEDAL |
a total of infants presenting with apparent lifethreatening events ale were referred by their paediatricians and underwent hour tape recordings of electrocardiogram and ABD PLB movements from a pressure capsule transducer seventyseven of these infants all fullterm greater than or equal to weeks of gestation were randomly selected followed up for clinical outcome and their recordings subjected to a detailed analysis of heart and respiratory rates and breathing patterns recordings on agematched FT controls were similarly analysed for comparison purposes one of the patients suffering from ale had a preexisting neurodevelopmental problem and more cases showed this at followup including case whose ale was subsequently diagnosed as originating from nonaccidental injury compared with controls and as a group the patients suffering from ale showed higher numbers of apnoeic pauses p less than larger quantities of PB p less than and lower respiratory rates during regular PLB p less than | MEDAL |
nmaleamic acidchitosan was synthesized and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectra analysis ftir and h nmr the VG copolymerization of nmaleamic acidchitosan and butyl acrylate ba in acetic acid AQ solution was investigated using the gammaray of co gammairradiation method dsc differential scanning calorimetry trace of nmaleamic acidchitosangpba has a glasstransition temperature tg at degrees c the thermal stabilities of the VG copolymer were studied by the thermal gravimetric analysis tga the effect of synthesis variables in the VG copolymerization have been discussed in the CS of grafting efficiency grafting percentage and homopolymer percentage increasing grafting percentage was observed when the monomer concentration and total dose were increased or when the reaction temperature was decreased | MEDAL |
human foregut malformation known as esophageal atresia with TE fistula eatef occurs in in LB with unknown etiology we found that mice lacking noggin nog displayed type c eatef the most common form in humans and notochordal defects strikingly similar to the adriamycininduced rat eatef MM in accord with EA nog embryos displayed reduction in the dorsal foregut endoderm which was associated with reduced adhesion and disrupted basement membrane however significant apoptosis in the nog dorsal foregut was not observed instead nonnotochordal likely endodermal cells were found in nog notochord suggesting that noggin CF is required in the notochordal plate for its proper delamination from the dorsal foregut notably ablating bmp function in nog embryos rescued eatef and notochord branching defects establishing a critical role of nogginmediated bmp antagonism in eatef pathogenesis | MEDAL |
imaging of the BP with mri and standard twodimensional d ultrasound has been reported and d ultrasoundguided regional anaesthetic block is an established technique the aim of this study was to map the orientation of the BP in relation to the first rib carotid and subclavian arteries using threedimensional d ultrasound a freehand optically tracked d ultrasound system was used with a mhz transducer healthy volunteers underwent d ultrasound of the neck from the d ultrasound data sets the outlines of the BP subclavian artery and first rib were manually segmented a surface was interpolated from the series of outlines to produce a spatially orientated d reconstruction of the BP the brachial plexus could be mapped in all volunteers although a variation in image resolution between individuals existed anatomical variations were demonstrated between the volunteers the most notable and clinically relevant was the alignment of the plexus divisions d reconstructions illustrated the plexus changing its orientation from a vertical alignment in the interscalene region to a more horizontal alignment in the supraclavicular fossa spatial mapping of the BP is possible with d ultrasound using the subclavian i.a. and first rib as landcture a cradiolabelled acetyl group was grafted onto the third function and the bioavailability of this molecule was specified in mice T3 iv administration this amphiphilic drug carrier exhibits a rapid and homogeneous CSD to the whole tissues and slow elimination halflives higher than one day through a biliary excretion without any toxicity no measured dl for concentrations up to mgkg | MEDAL |
in a prospective study to correlate admission gl level with neurologic outcome in stroke acute stroke patients without prior disability and admitted within hours of ON of ictus were assessed the stroke was classified into one of three typescortical infarct lacunar infarct or IC hemorrhageby clinical computed tomographic and necropsy findings fiftyone diabetic patients were excluded from the entire cohort to form a nondiabetic category for analysis we found that admission gl level showed a significantly higher degree of correlation with mortality and morbidity measured as arm CF leg function and MICs of daily living when cortical n and lacunar n infarcts were pooled compared with when they were assessed separately for IC hemorrhage n admission glucose level correlated with mortality but not morbidity this trend persisted despite exclusion of diabetic patients these results are consistent with previous observations of a correlation between a high admission glucose level and the severity of stroke the importance of segregating cortical from lacunar infarcts two groups with a different natural PH and prognosis in any future analysis is emphasized | MEDAL |
the underlying relationship between functional variables and CS evolutionary rates is often assessed by partial rho analysis however this strategy is impeded by the difficulty of conducting meaningful statistical analysis using noisy biological data a recent T0 suggested that the partial correlation analysis is misleading when data is noisy and that the PCR analysis is a better tool to analyze biological data in this paper we evaluate how these two statistical tools partial rho and principal component regression perform when data are noisy contrary to the earlier conclusion we found that these two tools perform comparably in most cases furthermore when there is more than one true independent variable partial rho analysis delivers a better representation of the data employing both tools may provide a more complete and complementary representation of the real data in this light and with new analyses we suggest that protein length and gene dispensability play significant independent roles in yeast protein evolution | MEDAL |
pancreas divisum is the most common anatomical variant of pancreatic ductal anatomy it has been suggested that obstruction at the accessory papilla in subjects with PD can be assessed by measurement of ductal diameter by ultrasonic examination T3 a maximal secretory CS- with iv secretin we have prospectively assessed this test in individuals nine HCs nine patients with abdominal pain and normal pancreatic anatomy patients with PD and ABD pain but no other evidence of pancreatitis and nine patients with pancreas divisum and either chronic or recurrent acute one we have found no rho between ductal anatomy and response to iv sec sec provocation tests do not indicate which patients have accessory papillary stenosis and do not add support to the hypothesis of one leading to one in patients with pancreas divisum | MEDAL |
fourteen healthy male volunteers took part in a study which aimed to determine whether utilization of tryptamine changes in relation to sleep and wakefulness for this purpose urine samples were collected every hr and urinary tryptamine and indoleacetic acid iaa were determined by fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods urinary concentration of iaa progressively increased during the day and fell during the night when subjects were asleep but not when subjects were awake this evidence indicates that behavioral state rather than circadian R2 determines the level of urinary iaa tryptamine t concentration also progressively increased during the day and continued to increase during the night the mean log iaat ratio indicates that TA metabolism decreases during the night when subjects are asleep therefore human sleep may be associated with diminished activity of peripheral TA | MEDAL |
transplant tolerance induction makes it possible to preserve functional grafts for a lifetime without immunosuppressants one powerful method is to generate mixed hematopoietic chimeras in recipients by adoptive transfer of donorderived bone marrow cells bmcs in our murine transplantation MM we established a novel method for mixed chimera generation using sublethal irradiation cdcdl blockade and invariant natural killer tcell activation however numerous bmcs that are required to achieve SD chimerism makes it difficult to apply this MM for human transplantation here we show that donorderived splenic TA could contribute to not only the reduction of bmc usage but also the establishment of complete chimerism in model mice by cotransfer of t cells together even with onefourth of the bmcs used in our original method the recipient mice yielded complete chimerism and could acquire donorspecific skinallograft tolerance the complete chimeric mice did not show any remarks of graft versus host reaction in vivo and in vitro inhibition of the apoptotic signal resulted in increase in hostderived cd | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 is to determine and compare biometric and refractive characteristics of thal major patients and normal individuals in this crosssectional T0 TM patients were selected randomly as case group and age and sexmatched HS were regarded as control group refractive PE corneal curvature and ocular components were measured by autokeratorefractometery and ascan ultrasonography respectively MSE was ± d in thalassemia patients and ± d in the normal group the prevalence of myopia hyperopia and emmetropia among thalassemia patients was and respectively while in the control group were myopic were hyperopic and were emmetropic the prevalence of astigmatism in case group was which was not significantly different from that in control group p mean axial length in thal patients was ± which was significantly lower than that in normal group ± p the flattest meridian of the cornea r was significantly steeper in thalassemia patients ± in comparison to normal individuals ± although thalassemic patients had significantly smaller axial length and VCD in comparison to normal group which could be due to their abnormal physical growth there was no significant difference between the mean of spherical equivalent among two groups this can be due to their steeper corneal curvature that overcomes the refractive disadvantage of their shorter axial length | MEDAL |
a yold righthanded girl presented at our clinic with complex partial seizures behavioural problems and wordfinding difficulties CE was normal but electroencephalogram revealed bilateral epileptic discharges in the temporal and paracentral leads magnetic resonance imaging showed an intracerebral mass in the left mesial temporal lobe in the areas of the gyrus temporooccipitalis medialis and gyrus parahippocampalis neuropsychological testing brought to CS an aboveaverage GA IQ but the girl performed below average in verbal SM tests and average in figural memory tests | MEDAL |
depression and hallucination are the two main psychiatric symptoms in PP depressive features in parkinson patients are very close to those of endogenous depression except for a relative lack of anxiety irritability suicidal ideations delusions and CR pharmacotherapy with ADs is most reliable in the treatment of PD depressives although LD or other antiparkinsonian drugs may relieve a depression hallucinatory complications of longterm antiparkinso for luminancedomain motion transfer of the repulsion aftereffect between stereoscopic and luminance domains indicates the two kinds of motion perception are mediated by a common ATP | MEDAL |
NPY-LI npy a potent vasoconstrictor released from the sympathetic nerves has been suggested to counterbalance sepsisinduced vasodilation thus the changes in plasma and tissue npy concentrations in relation to hemodynamic variables and inflammatory markers in a porcine model of moderate septic shock were investigated susceptibility of npy to be removed by continuous hemofiltration in two settings has been also studied thirtyfour domestic pigs were divided into five CG i control group ii control group with conventional hemofiltration iii septic group iv septic group with conventional hemofiltration and v septic group with highvolume hemofiltration sepsis induced by fecal peritonitis continued for h hemofiltration was applied for the last h hemodynamic and inflammatory parameters HR rate MAP pressure cardiac output SVR vascular resistance plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factorα interleukin and npy were measured before and at and h of peritonitis npy tissue levels were determined in the LV and MES and CAs sepsis induced longlasting increases in the SVR npy levels without affecting its tissue concentrations CHF at any dose did not reduce sepsisinduced elevations in npy PC nor did it affect the peptide tissue C2 the increases in npy systemic levels were significantly correlated with changes in the systemic vascular resistance the results support the hypothesis of npy implication in the regulation of the vascular resistance under septic conditions and indicate that npy clearance rate during hemofiltration does not exceed the capacity of perivascular SN to release it | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to detect the differences in muscle metabolic response of the quadriceps during incremental dynamic knee exercise using regional phosphorus CSI pcsi sixteen healthy men participated in this T0 age ± years height ± cm weight ± kg the experiments were carried out with a t superconducting magnet with a in diameter circular surface coil the subjects performed isometric unilateral knee extension exercise to detect their maximum voluntary contraction mvc in prone position then they performed dynamic unilateral KE exercise in the magnet at and of their mvc with the transmitreceive coil placed under the RA quadriceps the subjects pulled down a rope with the adjusted weight attached to the ankle at a frequency of hz for s intracellular ph phi was calculated from the median chemical shift of the inorganic phosphate pi peak relative to phosphocreatine pcr the quadriceps were divided into three regions medial anterior lateral and in comparison there was no significant difference in pipcr nor in phi between regions except pipcr of the medial region was significantly higher than the anterior region at maximum intensity p these results suggest that regional muscle metabolic response is similar in the quadriceps except at maximum intensity | MEDAL |
to determine the rho between helicobacter pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa and the incidence of chronic gastritis as well as gastric and DU ulcer patients women and men aged years mean years with gastrointestinal symptoms were studied biopsy specimens for histological and bacteriological examinations were taken during upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopies helicobacter pylori was found in patients women and men p less than the organisms were present more often in cases with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer p less than they were not identified in any of persons with normal histologic features p less than helicobacter pylori was found on the GM in of patients with DU ulcer but in none of cases after partial gastrectomy with the methods of billroth i or BII p less than | MEDAL |
carcinomatous polyarthritis cp is a rare paraneoplastic disorder that has been associated with a variety of solid tumors it presents in a similar manner to other polyarticular disorders and often precedes PCD of the underlying malignancy making recognition critical cp responds to the treatment of the neoplastic process we present a patient who initially presented with asymmetric inflammatory polyarthritis who was later diagnosed with bronchogenic carcinoma following the case report we present our learning objectives which include the differential diagnosis of inflammatory polyarthritis diagnostic approach to cp and features that distinguish it from other more common causes of polyarthritis we conclude with a brief discussion of the pathophysiology and management of cp | MEDAL |
animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that the loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials ldaep is inversely related to central serotonergic activity with a high ldaep reflecting weak serotonergic neurotransmission and vice versa though the findings in humans have been less consistent in addition a high i.c.v. ldaep appears to predict a favorable response to antidepressant treatments that augment the actions of serotonin the aim of this T0 was to test whether the baseline ldaep is correlated with response to LT maintenance treatment in patients with MD mdd | MEDAL |
flow cytometric dna analysis was performed in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus the aim of this T0 was a to establish a tumoral dna pattern b to determine an objective parameter correlating with tumoral response to chemotherapy fucisplatin dna analysis was performed in perendoscopic ranged tumoral biopsy specimens to determine the dna ploidy DI and s phase fraction RT diameter and length were evaluated by computed tomography ct before and after chemotherapy in patients the relative R2 of this product determined a ct index before chemotherapy percent of the specimens were available for assessment percent of the tumors were AN in these tumors the dna index ranged from to five PT had two distinct and simultaneous aneuploid populations ct index values were not significantly different according to the ploidy 2C AN the s phase fraction low high the dna content modification after chemotherapy absent present in this T0 dna analysis did not allow to select patients with higher response to chemotherapy the inter and intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity may be one of the responsible factors | MEDAL |
as VVI fibrillation is the most frequent initial heart rhythm causing outofhospital SCA defibrillation is of essential significance AEDs aeds have been available for some years and as a result defibrillation can be carried out by individuals other than physicians and healthcare providers such as TR first NR and UT lay rescuers this socalled PAD nourished hope of progress in the treatment of sudden CA however several limitations exist such as VLF of sudden cardiac arrest in public rare use of publicly placed aeds low cost effectiveness legal requirements and insufficient public willingness to help due to these restrictions of PAD other measures are more promising than the attempt at general distribution of aeds these measures are primary or secondary prophylaxis of sudden cardiac arrest general knowledge of adequate activation of emergency medical services implementation of first responder teams equipped with aeds and particularly a better education in and application of the wellestablished principles of CPR | MEDAL |
graftversushost disease gvhd is the leading cause of failure of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation the disease typically involves the skin liver and gastrointestinal tract with death frequently resulting from infectious complications cyclosporinbased drug combinations are the mainstay of gvhd prophylaxis the L1 toxicity of cyclosporin is RD and optimal strategies of therapeutic drug monitoring to minimise toxicity and maximise clinical tau have yet to be devised initial treatment of established gvhd usually includes high dose CSs patients failing to respond to first L1 therapy have a poor prognosis investigational approaches to decreasing the mortality associated with gvhd include using monoclonal antibodies directed at specific t cell subsets and t cell SD of bone marrow grafts | MEDAL |
by using a combination of dye i.v. clonal labeling and molecular markers we have reconstructed the axonal connections between BB and VNC of the firstinstar drosophila L3 out of the approximately SN that form the early larval brain hemisphere less than cells have axons descending into the VNC DNs fall into four topologically defined clusters located in the AM anterolateral dorsal and basoposterior brain respectively the anterolateral cluster represents a lineage derived from a single neuroblast terminations of descending neurons are almost exclusively found in the anterior part of the VP nerve cord represented by the gnathal and thoracic neuromeres this region also contains small numbers of SN with axons ascending into the BB terminalautoimmune attack against neurons presumably when immune privilege in the BB is breached interestingly all sclc express the onconeural hud antigen and clinically useful RT immune responses can be detected in up to of patients yet the paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome is extremely rare we found that hudspecific cd TA are normally present in the mouse t cell repertoire but are not expanded upon immunization although they can be detected after in vitro expansion in contrast hudspecific TA could be directly G1 in hud null mice without the need for in vitro expansion taken together these results demonstrate robust tolerance to the neuronal hud antigen in vivo and suggest a reevaluation of the current concept of immune privilege in the brain | MEDAL |
twenty patients with CML-BC in terminal transformation were treated with regimen incorporating vindesine prednisolone and additional cytosine arabinoside of the patients in blastic crisis pCR was achieved in all four patients with lymphoid morphology and nine of the eleven patients with myeloid morphology achieved complete remission the four with monocytoid morphology did not one patient in accelerated phase also attained complete remission the present results indicate that the regimen incorporating vindesinecytosine arabinosideprednisolone should be treatment of choice in cmlbc with lymphoid morphology and myeloid morphology as well | MEDAL |
the psaa and psab polypeptides form the reaction center core heterodimer of PS i psi both psaa and psab are predicted to have hydrophobic domains although it is unclear how both polypeptides fold within the thylakoid membrane if all hydrophobic regions form membranespanning domains the n and cterminus must be located on opposite sides of the membrane the cterminus of psab is very conserved in a wide range of organisms and may be important for psi assembly or CF using chloroplast transformation in chlamydomonas reinhardtii we have generated a series of cterminal extension and deletion mutants of the psab polypeptide analysis of these mutants and spontaneous revertants indicates that the cterminus may be D2 by at least amino acids without impairing psi assembly deletion of amino acids also has no impact on psi whereas deletion of amino acids results in no accumulation of the complex the site of truncation in the deletion coincides with the end of the hydrophobic domain xi supporting a location of the cterminus of psab on the lumenal side of psi | MEDAL |
this T0 tested the hypothesis that rateadaptive atrial pacing would prevent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation paf in patients with frequent paf in the absence of symptomatic bradycardia | MEDAL |
CR regulates multiple metabolic processes and in turn is readily entrained by feedingfasting cycles however the molecular mechanisms by which the peripheral clock senses nutrition availability remain largely unknown bile acids are under circadian control and also increase postprandially serving as regulators of the fed state in the liver here we show that nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner shp a regulator of bile acid metabolism impacts the endogenous IP clock by directly regulating bmal bmaldependent gene expression is altered in shp KO and CL clock adaptation is delayed in shp KO upon restricted feeding these results identify shp as a potential mediator connecting nutrient signaling with the circadian clock | MEDAL |
obestatin derived from the same gene as the hunger hormone ghrelin may reduce FI in animals the role of obestatin in human physiology is unclear we evaluated crosssectional associations between participant characteristics and fasting C2 of obestatin as well two other hormones associated with EB ghrelin and leptin data are from the baseline visit of the optimal macronutrient NI trial to prevent HR disease omniheart trial that enrolled adults with elevated blood pressure systolic mm hg or a diastolic of mm hg but who were otherwise healthy partial spearmans correlations and LR models estimated the association between age gender bmi physical activity and smoking with fasting hormones obestatin was directly associated with ghrelin r p on average overweight bmi and obese bmi individuals had obestatin concentrations that were sd and sd pgml lower compared to normal weight bmi individuals respectively p for trend overweight bmi and obese bmi individuals had ghrelin concentrations that were sd and sd pgml lower compared to NW bmi individuals respectively p for trend a unit increase in bmi was associated with sd p higher OB obestatin and ghrelin are directly correlated and share the same patterns of association with participant characteristics modifiable risk AF for chronic diseases such as bmi are associated with fasting C2 of OB obestatin and ghrelin | MEDAL |
ventral thoracic NSC vtncs of the blowflies calliphora erythrocephala and c vomitoria innervating thoracic neuropil and the dorsal neural sheath of the thoracicoabdominal ganglion have been shown to be immunoreactive to a variety of mammalian peptide antisera in the neural sheath the vtnc terminals form an extensive neurohaemal network that is especially dense over the abdominal ganglia the same Az are invaded by separate but overlapping serotoninimmunoreactive htir projections derived from neuronal cell HB in the suboesophageal ganglion immunocytochemical studies with different antisera applied to adjacent sections at the lightmicroscopic level combined with extensive crossabsorption tests suggest that the perikarya of the vtncs contain colocalized peptides related to gastrincholecystokinin cck bovine pancreatic polypeptide pp met and leuenkephalin and metenkargphe metenkrf electronmicroscopic immunogoldlabeling shows that some of the terminals in the dorsal sheath react with several of the individual peptide antisera whilst others with similar cytology are nonimmunoreactive in the same region separate terminals with different cytological characteristics contain htir both htir and peptidergic terminals are localized outside the cellular perineurium beneath the acellular permeable sheath adjacent to the haemocoel hence we propose that various bioactive substances may be released from thoracic neurosecretory SN into the circulating haemolymph to act on peripheral targets the same SN may also interact by synaptic or modulatory action in the cns in different neuropil regions of the thoracic ganglion | MEDAL |
interaction between airway edema and lung inflation on responsiveness of individual airways in vivo j appl physiol inflammatory changes and airway wall thickening are suggested to cause increased AR in patients with asthma in five sheep the doseresponse relationships of individual airways were measured at different lung volumes to methacholine mch before and T3 wall thickening caused by the inflammatory mediator bradykinin via the bronchial artery at cmho transpulmonary pressure ptp microgml mch constricted the airways to a maximum of at cmho ptp mch resulted in less constriction to bradykinin increased airway wall area at and cmho ptp and respectively p at cmho ptp BK decreased airway luminal area p and the DR curve was significantly lower p at cmho postbradykinin the maximal airway narrowing was not significantly different p bradykinin produced substantial airway wall thickening and slight potentiation of the mchinduced airway constriction at low lung volume at high lung volume BK increased wall thickness but had no effect on the mchinduced airway constriction we conclude that inflammatory fluid leakage in the airways cannot be a primary cause of airway hyperresponsiveness | MEDAL |
in an extension of previous studies presumably normal ss were given the DAP test and were asked to make SD ratings of their samesex and oppositesex figure drawings as well as their real ideal and leastliked selves significant positive correlations were found between samesex figure ratings and ratings of both real self and ideal self and there was a significant negative rho between ratings of samesex figure drawings and ratings of leastliked self there were no significant correlations between ratings of oppositesex figure drawings and actual ideal or leastliked self ratings thus a significant relationship among three components of selfconcept and normal ss perceptions of their human figure drawings emerged but only for samesex figures | MEDAL |
seven fresh CAD pelvic specimens were biomechanically analyzed testing was first performed on IN pelves and then after progressive disruption of the symphysis pubis unilateral anterior and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments and capsule ipsilateral sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments and fixation with a mm narrow DCP at the symphysis pubis or a mm narrow DCP at the anterior sacroiliac joint with and without the symphysis pubis SP or a mm SI lag screw anchored into the s VB with and without the symphysis pubis plate symphyseal gapping occurred T3 isolated symphysis pubis disruption with additional disruption of the unilateral SI joint ligaments symphysis pubis MSD was unaffected however the injured SI joint gap MSD and sacroiliac joint flexion angulation on both IN and injured sides increased as compared to the specimen in the intact state further disruption of the ipsilateral sacrotuberous and sacrospinous AL complex produced little additional motion at either symphysis pubis or SI joints plate fixation of the symphysis pubis CT reduced symphysis pubis motion but not sacroiliac motion use of SI fixation alone without a symphysis pubis plate did not affect symphysis pubis motion the symphysis pubis plate is the key to stabilizing symphysis pubis motion and similarly sacroiliac joint fixation is required to control SI joint motion both single iliosacral screws and plates produced equivalent decreases in sacroiliac joint motion | MEDAL |
past studies examining whether or not cognitive changes actually have occurred as a result of a whiplash wl accident have produced varying results the aim of this study was to identify possible cognitive dysfunctions in a group with persistent problems T3 whiplash due to injuries to the posture control system and related structures the whiplash subjects n were selected on the basis of their reduced gain in the smooth pursuit neck torsion test spnt the wl group differed significantly from a closely MC group on tests of learning and memory and prolonged DA and concentration T3 attempting to rule out other ways of interpreting these differences such as pain depression medication and premorbid health problems these data were interpreted as lending support to the notion of a causal connection between the disturbed posture control system and some cognitive malfunctions | MEDAL |
it is generally believed that the cardioprotective benefit of long term treatment of PM women with estrogen results in part from its capacity to increase HD lipoprotein hdl and lower low density lipoprotein ldl concentrations the extent to which the various estrogens employed in replacement treatment affect the composition of lipoproteins however is not known for this reason we have examined the impact of one such preparation the synthetic estrone estropipate mgday on lipoprotein C2 and composition in six postmenopausal women T3 months of treatment whole TG i.c.v. posttreatment mgdl cholesterol i.c.v. PT mgdl and hdlc pretreatment PT were unchanged however plasma free UC fc fell pretreatment PT mgdl p less than and lecithin l rose significantly pretreatment posttreatment mumolml p less than the consequence of these changes was a significant decline in the plasma fcl ratio i.c.v. posttreatment p less than to C2 observed in healthy menstruating women the calculated lipoprotein particle size was unchanged in very LD lipoproteins and increased significantly p less than in ldl after estropipate therapy since qualitatively altered lipoproteins enriched in fc and an increased fcl ratio in plasma are both associated with increased coronary risk the improvement noted in these parameters after estropipate therapy indicates that its use may be beneficial despite the lack of change in whole plasma lipids | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to reproduce prostate CA pca localization by mri based on prostatic sextants RA and left base middle and apex with minimal systematic error combined endorectalbodyphasedarraycoil mri of the prostate at t was retrospectively evaluated twice with an interval of more than month by each of two independent radiologists r readings r and r and r readings r and r in patients age years who had radical prostatectomy within month of mri pca stage was pt in patients and pt in nine median gleason score was range histopathology showed sextants with pca and without reproducibility of sextant positions was within one mri slice mm in over of cases for pca localization roc analysis auc yielded no significant intrareader differences r and r differed slightly p intraobserver PA kappa exceeded interobserver agreement kappa intraobserver spearman rho r exceeded interobserver correlation r for sextants with pca but not for sextants without r persextant localization and reporting provides a highly reliable framework in mri of the prostate mri of the prostate should be followed up by the same radiologists to minimize systematic error of interpretation | MEDAL |
exercise of AGA intensity and duration could help maintain normotension if postexercise hypotension persists over subsequent everyday activities therefore we monitored ambulatory blood pressure bp for h following four separate exercise bouts which differed in intensity duration and total work completed at h six normotensive males completed a no exercise control and in two further trials min of cycling at v o peak and v o peak a fourth trial involved cycling at v o peak for a time which equated TW with that in the most intense exercise trial between min and h after exercise ambulatory bp heart rate hr and wristactivity were compared between trials using GLM participants slept normally at night postexercise changes in bp and hr were not affected by exercise intensity or total work completed from min after exercise until nocturnal sleeponset p during sleep mean arterial bp was lower following exercise at v o peak compared to the other trials p including the v o peak trial equated for TW ci for difference to we conclude that daytime exercise can elicit a physiologically meaningful lower bp during sleep and exercise intensity is the most important factor in this phenomenon | MEDAL |
vaccination is an ERP strategy to reduce the loss of chickens in the poultry industry caused by mareks disease md an avian lymphoproliferative disease the vaccines currently used are from attenuated serotype MD virus mdv or naturally nononcogenic mdv strains to prepare for future immunity breaks functional genomic and proteomic studies have been used to better understand the underlying mechanisms of mdv pathogenicity and the effects induced by the vaccine viruses in this study a combined RPA of quantitative gelcmse and qualitative erlicimaclcmsms analysis were used to identify abundance changes of proteins and the variations of phosphorylation status resulting from the perturbations due to infection with an att oncogenic virus CS mdc and several nononcogenic virus strains cvi fc and b in vitro using this combined RPA several signal transduction pathways mapped by the identified proteins were found to be altered at both the level of protein abundance and phosphorylation on the basis of this study a kinasedependent pathway to regulate phosphorylation of ebp to modulate assembly of the protein translation initiation complex was revealed the differences of ebp phosphorylation patterns as well as the measured abundance changes among several other proteins that regulate host transcriptional and translational activities across the virus strains used in this T0 provide new insight for future PET and biochemical characterization of specific proteins involved in mdv pathogenesis | MEDAL |
typhonium giganteum engl baifuzi is one of the herbs commonly used in traditional chinese medicine against CA in our previous studies compounds were identified the sfeco supercritical fluid extraction with co extract by gcms including the four L1 components βsitosterol campesterol nhexadecanoic acid and zzoctadecadienoic acid the anticancer mechanisms of the sfeco extract from t giganteum engl tubers have not been reported as yet in this paper the molecular mechanisms of the sfeco extractmediated apoptosis in smmc cells were further examined sfeco extract inhibited the growth of smmc cells in a time and dosedependent manner arrested the Tc in the s phase and gm phase and induced apoptosis in addition ROS species ros increase reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential a rise in intracellular calcium C2 were found in smmc cells T3 treated with the extract western blot analysis showed that the extract caused downregulation of bcl expression and upregulation of bax expression moreover ICE and caspase protease activity significantly increased in a dosedependent manner collectively our results showed that the sfeco extract from t giganteum engl tubers induces apoptosis in smmc cells involving a rosmediated mitochondrial signalling pathway | MEDAL |
we investigated the BB substrate of word TR effects on the implicit SM task using lowresolution EM tomography loreta with highdensity channel eeg and individual mri as a realistic head model thirteen RH healthy subjects performed a wordnonword discrimination task in which the words and nonwords were presented visually and some of the words appeared twice with a lag of one or five items all of the subjects exhibited word repetition effects with respect to the behavioral data in which a faster reaction time was observed to the repeated word old word than to the first presentation of the word new word the old words elicited more positivegoing potentials than the new words beginning at ms and lasting until ms poststimulus we conducted source reconstruction using loreta at a latency of ms with the peak mean global field potentials and used statistical parametric mapping for the statistical analysis we found that the source elicited by the old words exhibited a statistically significant current density reduction in the left inferior FC gyrus this is the first T0 to investigate the generators of word TR effects using voxelbyvoxel statistical mapping of the current density with individual mri and highdensity eeg | MEDAL |
hpv long control region lcr has been shown to be the most variable region of the hpv genome and may play important roles in viral persistence and the development of C2 CA this T0 aimed to assess the risk of hpv lcr SCV for CC in women of southwest china cervical scrapings of volunteer outpatients and cervical CA tissues were screened entire hpv lcrs from asymptomatic carriers and entire hpv lcrs from cervical CA patients were successfully amplified and sequenced to align to others described different point mutations were detected in nucleotide CS of hpv lcr gt and ga variants accounting for of the infections were predicted to locate at the binding site for foxa and sox respectively ac variant which showed a high mutation frequency in cervical CA was predicted to be a IB site for the cellular transcription factor phoxa in addition phylogenetic analysis displayed a high prevalence of a lineage in hpv lcr in this southwest china population this study may help understanding of the intrinsic geographical relatedness and the correlations between lcr mutations and the OD of carcinogenic lesions in southwest china population and it provides useful data for the further study of the biological function of hpv lcr variants | MEDAL |
apelin and its cognate g proteincoupled receptor apj constitute a signaling pathway with a PIE on cardiac CF recently we and other investigators demonstrated that a reduction in myocardial apelinapj expression might play a critical role in exp models of endstage HR failure hf therefore we evaluated whether exogenous apelin infusion restores apelinapj expression and improves cardiac CF in the failing HR of dahl saltsensitive hypertensive ds rats | MEDAL |
DUE of metabolic pathways is one of the challenging Az in biological and pharmaceutical sciences phenanthridine oxidation to phenanthridinone is used commonly to study AO activity this reaction could pass through phenanthridine noxide intermediate in the present T0 the application of MCR optimized by AC least squares mcrals to investigate this metabolic pathway has been described the results obtained from mcrals analysis along with those obtained from the use of potassium ferrocyanide method indicated that phenanthridine is directly Ox to phenanthridinone by rat CL aldehyde oxidase without passing through phenanthridine noxide intermediate it was also found that the later compound is not metabolized by this enzyme | MEDAL |
we report a case of unilateral blindness and panophthalmoplegia T3 hyaluronic acid injection into the dorsum of the nose in a healthy young woman microspheres of hyaluronic acid are popular fillers for facial rejuvenation while ocular side effects from i.v. in the nose and face have been reported following turbinate injection rhinoplasty and ION block ocular SE from injection into the dorsum of the nose are extremely rare we presume that the symptoms were due to one of the branches of the ophthalmic i.a. under high injection pressure the microspheres travelled to the ophthalmic artery and were propelled by the blood flow to the CE retinal artery and the anterior and posterior long ciliary arteries leading to her symptoms alternatively there are several arteriovenous anastomotic channels in the nasal mucosa that aid heat exchange these may have been the conduit for reflux of the filler into the arterial side of the regional circulation physicians must remain aware of serious complications during cosmetic i.v. to this region | MEDAL |
the interaction of receptor activator of nfκb rank a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily with rank ligand is crucial for the formation function and survival of osteoclasts the role of the cytoplasmic oligomerisation domain preligand assembly domain plad or ivvy motif in the liganddependent activation of downstream nfκb signalling has not been studied previously the discovery of truncating mutations of tnfrsfa wx and gx that lack the plad as the cause of rare cases of osteoclastpoor osteopetrosis offered the opportunity for PET study of this region recapitulating the wx mutation by transcription activatorlike effector nuclease talenmediated targeted disruption of tnfrsfa within the region rat to wx in the mouse macrophagelike cell L1 raw impaired formation of osteoclastlike cells using overexpression studies we demonstrated that in contrast to wtrank the absence of the plad in gxrank and wxrank prevented ligandindependent but not liganddependent oligomerisation cells expressing wxrank in which only two of the three trafbinding motifs are present continued to exhibit liganddependent nfκb signalling hence the absence of the plad did not prevent ligandinduced trimerisation and subsequent nfκb activation of rank demonstrating that therapeutic targeting of the plad in the prevention of OP may not be as effective as proposed previously | MEDAL |
microarray analyses have become an important tool in animal genomics while their use is becoming widespread there is still a lot of ongoing research regarding the analysis of microarray data in the context of a european network of excellence researchers representing research groups from countries performed and discussed the statistical analyses of real and simulated colour microarray data that were distributed among participants the real data consisted of microarrays from a disease challenge experiment in dairy cattle while the simulated data consisted of microarrays from a direct comparison of two treatments dyebalanced while there was broader agreement with regards to methods of microarray normalisation and significance testing there were L1 differences with regards to SQ control the SQ control approaches varied from none through using statistical weights to omitting a C1 number of spots or omitting entire slides surprisingly these very different approaches gave quite similar results when applied to the simulated data although not all participating groups analysed both real and simulated data the workshop was very successful in facilitating interaction between scientists with a diverse BG but a common interest in microarray analyses | MEDAL |
CRT and ventricular assist devices are two of the many us food and drug administrationregulated medical device technologies that are intended for patients with HF cardiac resynchronization therapy devices have been shown to significantly improve the quality and potentially the duration of life for patients with moderatetosevere congestive HR failure and electrical dyssynchrony likewise ventricular assist devices have benefited patients with endstage HF through both bridgetotransplant and destination therapy the pivotal trials that supported the first approvals for these devices as well as subsequent trials were shaped by unique technologic and patientrelated concerns the us food and drug administration has worked to understand these evolving concerns and the role each should play in the design of trials intended uating the effectiveness of antiplatelet regimens in preventing secondary V1 events in stroke and tia patients these results differ from those seen in clinical trials of acute coronary syndrome patients clinical studies provide little evidence that clopidogrel with or without aspirin is more efficacious in this setting than aspirin CT moreover the increased risk of one episodes with clopidogrel and aspirin in combination probably outweighs any small reductions in AA event risk in contrast extendedrelease dipyridamole erdp plus aspirin reduces AA stroke risk to a significantly greater extent or reduction than aspirin alone currently available CT data support the use of erdp plus aspirin but not clopidogrel plus aspirin to prevent secondary V1 events after stroke or tia | MEDAL |
in the present study bite force was examined in preorthodontic children with unilateral posterior crossbite and compared with an age and sexmatched control group the sample comprised children aged years preorthodontic children with unilateral posterior crossbite crossbite group and children with neutral occlusion control group unilateral MBF was measured at the first molar by means of a pressure transducer furthermore PS and signs of temporomandibular disorders tmd and number of teeth in contact in the intercuspal position icp were recorded in both CG the maximum bite force increased significantly with age and with increasing stages of dental eruption but the bite force in both sexes did not differ significantly there were no significant differences in MBF between sides but this was significantly smaller in the crossbite group than in the controls p SRA showed that stage of dental eruption p number of teeth in occlusal contact p and unilateral crossbite p were the only variables significantly correlated with bite force the number of teeth in contact was significantly smaller in the crossbite group than in the controls p and the frequency of muscle tenderness was significantly higher in the crossbite group than in the controls p these results suggest that differences in the muscle function associated with unilateral crossbite lead to a significantly smaller bite force in the crossbite group compared with controls and this difference did not diminish with age and development these findings indicate that early treatment of unilateral posterior crossbite is advisable to optimize conditions for CF | MEDAL |
in this note we describe a new ttfanthracene dyad F0 with the crown ether unit it is interesting to find that the fluorescence of this new dyad can be modulated with na and c and its fluorescence intensity can be largely enhanced only in the presence of both na and c such fluorescence modulation SMB mimics the performance of a twoinput and logic gate | MEDAL |
cerebellar ICM stroke is one of the common causes of V1 vertigo it usually accompanies other neurological PS or signs but a small infarct in the cerebellum can present with vertigo without other localizing symptoms approximately of the patients with isolated cerebellar infarction simulated acute peripheral vestibulopathy and most patients had an infarct in the territory of the medial branch of the posterior VPI cerebellar i.a. pica a head impulse test can differentiate acute isolated vertigo associated with pica territory cerebellar infarction from more benign disorders involving the inner ear acute hearing loss ahl of a V1 cause is mostly associated with cerebellar infarction in the territory of the anterior inferior cerebellar i.a. aica but pica territory cerebellar infarction rarely causes ahl to date at least eight subgroups of aica territory infarction have been identified according to the pattern of neurotological presentations among which the most common pattern of audiovestibular dysfunction is the combined loss of auditory and vestibular functions sometimes acute isolated audiovestibular loss can be the initial symptom of impending posterior circulation ischemic stroke particularly within the territory of the aica audiovestibular loss from cerebellar infarction has a good LT outcome than previously thought approximately half of patients with superior cerebellar artery territory sca cerebellar infarction experienced true vertigo suggesting that the vertigo and nystagmus in the sca territory cerebellar infarctions are more common than previously thought in this article recent findings on clinical features of vertigo and hearing loss from cerebellar ICM stroke syndrome are summarized | MEDAL |
the influence of low molecular weight lmw heparin braun mulsungen west germany and unfractionated SH sh on blood clotting and other routine laboratory parameters was investigated in a week crossover study in HD the lmw heparin dose necessary anti fxaactivity for ERP anticoagulation was two thirds of the standard heparin dose using these doses both substances displayed MZ antithrombotic effects complications were not seen in either group ptt and thrombin time were only marginally effected by lmw heparin whereas they were markedly prolonged by sh heparin factor viii activity was significantly lower in the lmw heparin group as compared to the standard heparin group T3 and weeks antithrombin iii fibrinogen fibrin monomers plasminogen and alpha AP were comparable in both CG creatinine urea hemoglobin and hematocrit were also unchanged excluding differences in dialysis efficacy or occult BL equal numbers of blood transfusions were necessary but one complications did not occur in either group in conclusion safe and effective dialysis can be performed using this low molecular weight heparin for anticoagulation in hemodialysis and hemofiltration the possible benefits of lmw heparin reduced frequency of bleeding alleviation of HTG were not however apparent possibly because of the short observation period and the low incidence of hemorrhagic complications in routine dialyses | MEDAL |
prostaglandin pg synthesis and degradation were examined in different regions epithelial versus nonepithelial structures of the rat distal colon by both hplc analysis of c AA aa metabolites and by TPS radioimmunoassays intact isolated colonic epithelial cells synthesized mainly FP and txa as monitored from the formation of its stable Kd product txb pgf alpha greater than txb greater than ketopgf alpha the SD degradation product of pgi pgd pge dihydroketopgf alpha the profile of pg products of isolated SEC was identical to that of proliferative epithelial cells however generation of pgs by surface epithelium was to fold higher than by proliferative cells both basally and in the presence of a maximal stimulating concentration mm of aa the latter implied a greater synthetic capacity of surface epithelium rather than differences due to endogenous aa availability the major CS of pg synthesis in colon clearly resided in SM structures the residual colon devoid of epithelial cells accounted for at least of the total pgs produced by intact distal colon the profile of aa metabolites formed by submucosal structures also differed markedly from that of the epithelium the dominant submucosal product was pge pge and its degradation product dihydroketopge accounted for of the pg products formed by submucosal structures pge much greater than pgd greater than dihydroketopge greater than pgf alpha txb ketopgf alpha greater than dihydroketopgf alpha by contrast epithelial cells and particularly surface epithelium contributed disproportionately to the pg degradative capacity of colon as assessed from the metabolism of either pge or pgf alpha when expressed as a percentage epithelial cells accounted for of total Tc pge degradative capacity but only of total Tc protein approximately of h pge added to the serosal side of everted colonic loops crossed to the mucosal side intact thus at least a portion of the pge formed in the submucosa reaches and thereby can potentially influence functions of the epithelium | MEDAL |
the expression of phenylethanolamine nmethyl transferase ec pnmt the final enzyme in the cascade of catecholamine synthesis is differentially regulated in adrenergic SN in the BB and in adrenal BCC using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reactionbased techniques we detected in the prenatal developing rat BS two species of pnmt mrna which were produced by a rare AS mechanism known as intron PR the spliced intronless message was downregulated postnatally while the intronretained mrna species continued to be constitutively expressed through adulthood by contrast in the adrenals at all stages of development examined only the intronless message was expressed in line with previous reports on the failure of GCs to induce pnmt expression in the brain the pattern of pnmt splicing in brainstem explants was not affected by the presence of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone undifferentiated SA pc pheochromocytoma cells expressed very low basal C2 of both mrna SCV accompanied by a very low basal pnmt enzymatic activity SE of pc cells to dexamethasone resulted in the upregulation of only the spliced mrna variant concomitant with a fold increase in pnmt enzymatic activity in contrast treatment of pc cells with nerve growth factor ngf enhanced the expression of both the intronretained and the intronless mrna species without changes in the basal CEA this latter result suggests that the translation of the intronless mrna species may be regulated by the intronretained mrna species which by itself may yield a truncated yet enzymatically functional translational product our data suggest that the tissuespecific regulation of pnmt expression is based on a rare AS mechanism termed intron PR and that in the adrenal but not in the BB this mechanism is sensitive to regulation by glucocorticoids thus this system is uniquely suited for studying the hormonal control of tissuespecific splicing in the nervous system | MEDAL |
our tenyear observation of anterior cruciate AL injuries in an AS athlete population shows that radiographic evidence of instability and joint deterioration are reliable clinical signs radiographic findings in the rotatory unstable knee are subtle six months after injury but on standard roentgenographic views which include the notch view they appear in a sequential order from peaking of the intercondylar tubercles to buttressing osteophytosis these are objective signs of progressive deterioration that should be a S1 to the patient the early and progressive radiographic signs portend further deterioration if stability is not obtained by restriction of MICs bracing or reconstruction physicians and sports injury specialists should recognize these findings early and offer counsel to the patient at risk | MEDAL |
the ability of resting cd t cells to support hiv replication is relevant to understanding how the reservoir of hivinfected resting cd t cells is generated maintained and hopefully how it might be reduced or eliminated we have utilized a tonsillar histoculture system to demonstrate that hiv particularly x strains can productively infect phenotypically resting cd t cells in vitro and that this event is largely dependent on the lymphoid tissue microenvironment HP cd tonsillar TA that lack expression of both cell surface and nuclear antigens characteristic of classic t cell activation produce x hiv mrna p and infectious virus while maintaining a resting phenotype when cultured in a tonsillar tissue microenvironment in contrast comparable purified resting cd tonsillar TA that have been exposed to x hiv do not support hiv replication when cultured in the absence of a lymphoid tissue microenvironment hiv production from phenotypically resting cd TA is dramatically inhibited by antiproinflammatory cytokine agents or IS cytokines but is only modestly suppressed by an inhibitor of the Tc the ability of resting cd TA to support hiv replication in the microenvironment of the LT has implications in the pathogenesis of hiv disease and may provide an additional avenue for therapeutic intervention | MEDAL |
melanoma is considered one of the immunogenic if not the most immunogenic HM this is based on several observationsspontaneous remissions occur occasionallyin about of melanomas no PT is found the genetic aberrations of these tumours closely resemble those of cutaneous melanomas and therefore are suggestive of spontaneous regressions of the primary tumoursboth primary tumours and metastases often have brisk lymphocytic infiltrates a phenomenon that is correlated with better outcomestudies of isolates of these tumourinfiltrating t lymphocytes have revealed that a proportion of these cells recognise melanoma antigensmelanomas respond to immunotherapy these observations have led to over years of research on immunotherapy for melanoma many of these efforts have failed with only a few exceptions interleukin il and to a lesser degree interferona ifnã recently new developments in immunotherapy have revolutionised this treatment modality antictla has received approval from the food and drugs administration fda and the EU medicines agency ema for the treatment of stage iv melanomas based on the improvement in overall survival in phase iii trials and more recently blockade of pdpdl interactions has shown objective clinical responses in a stage iv melanoma in earlyphase PCTs in addition several independent singleinstitution phase iii trials using adoptive cell therapy have shown a consistently high response rate including durable complete remissions in a substantial percentage of treated patients now for the first time immunotherapy has moved beyond the treatment of melanoma as both ctla and pd blockade have been shown to induce objective responses in other tumour types as well this chapter will discuss the mechanism of action clinical efficacy and side effects of il the novel treatments consisting of the immune checkpoint blockade drugs antictla and antipd and adoptive cell therapy | MEDAL |
groin vessels are most commonly used to obtain vascular access for angiography because of their size and accessibility haemostasis at the puncture site can be achieved with manual compression alone or by using a vascular closure device we highlight the case of a yearold woman who developed acute claudication in the right leg T3 a routine diagnostic CAG when an angioseal⢠device had been employed to close a relatively low arterial puncture on exploring the common FA i.a. fragments of the device were found occluding the bifurcation a patch angioplasty was carried out and the patients claudicant PS improved the angioseal⢠device has a polylactide and PGA polymer anchor a collagen plug and a suture contained within a carrier system haemostasis is achieved by compressing the arterial puncture site between the anchor and the collagen plug the manufacturers recommended criterion for using the device safely permits its use only for common FA i.a. punctures with an internal vessel diameter of mm anatomical confirmation of the puncture site and evidence of any arterial disease or stenosis in the artery is detected on fluoroscopy during the procedure recent metaanalyses have cast doubt on the assumption that V1 closure devices are superior to mechanical compression CT and serious complications do occur occasionally but are underreported clinicians should be aware of the potentially serious problems that may occur when deciding to employ vascular closure devices especially with an anatomically low puncture site | MEDAL |
ubiquinone and PQ are two of the main electron and proton shuttle molecules in biological systems and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol mgdg is the most abundant lipid in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts saturated mgdg ubiquinone uq and mgdguq mixed monolayers at the airwater interface have been studied using surface pressurearea isotherms and BAM moreover the transferred LB films have been observed by atomic force microscopy the results show that mgdguq mixtures present more fluid phase than pure mgdg indicating a higher order degree for the later it is also observed an important influence of uq on the mgdg matrix before uq collapse pressure and a low influence after this event due to uq expulsion from the mgdg matrix this expulsion leads to a similar remaining uq content for all the tested mixtures indicating a limiting content of this molecule in the mgdg matrix at high surface pressures the thermodynamic studies confirm the stability of the mgdguq mixtures at low surface pressures although presenting a nonideal behaviour results point to consider uq as a good candidate for studies of artificial photosynthesis | MEDAL |
diamondlike carbon coating is an inert impervious hydrocarbon coating with properties suitable for use in the biomedical field particularly in orthopaedic implants mouse peritoneal macrophages and mouse fibroblasts were grown on TC plates treated with diamondlike carbon and the biocompatibility assessed both biochemically and morphologically this investigation showed that diamondlike carbon coating caused no adverse effects on cells in SC and therefore merits further investigation as a coating for biomedical use | MEDAL |
the localization of substance plike immunoreactive nervous structures in the human postmortem HPC formation and parahippocampal gyrus was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique of coons and kaplan j exp med specimens were obtained from brains of both P0 and AD subjects substance ppositive perikarya were easily detectable in these regions being particularly abundant in the stratum oriens of the hippocampus and in the hilus of the FD the nerve fibres and terminals were also widely and unevenly distributed comparison of the newborn and AD tissue revealed differences in the distribution of substance plike immunoreactivity in ontogenetic stages our results together with data available in the literature further suggest that substance p is differently distributed in the various cortical areas of the human BB and that the CSD of substance p may vary among species | MEDAL |
latencies of acoustically and visually signalled lateralized ballistic reaching were examined in rats with implanted electrodes in the caudate nuclei cd single PP stimulation of cd coinciding with cs onset increased the reach RL from to ms stimulation of cd contralateral to the preferred forepaw was more disruptive than stimulation of ipsilateral cd and the interference threshold was lower for cd stimuli applied ms after cs ON since reaching latencies were only moderatelytreated tumorbearer SP cells highly enriched for tcells by passage through nylon wool columns thus lowdose cy therapy overcomes the immunosuppressive activity of macrophages and induces the appearance of tcellmediated immunopotentiating activity thereby leading to the OD of an augmented level of antitumor cytotoxicity that can cooperate effectively with the tumoricidal activity of cy in the eradication of a latestage large sc RT and extensive metastases | MEDAL |
to explore whether dihydroergotamine dhe is equally ERP and safe for migraine with allodynia when administered either early or late in an attack | MEDAL |
exercise capacity is reduced in pulmonary arterial hypertension and in chronic left heart failure but it is not known whether the cardiopulmonary exercise testing profile is different in the two conditions at the same severity of functional limitation nineteen patients with PAH and with chronic HR failure underwent a min walk test and symptomlimited maximal incremental CE the patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic HF did not differ in new york heart association FC mean sem versus 6MWD versus m peak workrate oxygen consumption ventilation and cardiac frequency however patients with PAH exhibited higher dyspnoea scores versus higher VE equivalents for carbon dioxide versus at the anaerobic threshold and lower peak oxygen PP versus ml x beat or versus of the predicted value it is concluded that the CP exercise testing profile in pulmonary arterial hypertension differs from that in chronic HR failure by showing more dyspnoea at comparable workrates related to greater reductions in ventilatory efficiency and stroke volume | MEDAL |
gm ganglioside has been localized on the surfaces of myelinated IP nerve MF by using immunofluorescence to detect cholera toxin receptors unfixed mouse sciatic SN were teased into individual IN fibres in order to expose their extracellular surfaces cholera toxin binding sites were abundant at all NO of ranvier they were scarce on the internodal fibre surfaces the nodal receptors were resistant to various degradative enzymes including trypsin and PK proteases did not unmask receptors on the internodal surfaces exogenous gm successfully competed for the toxin binding sites on the fibres from this evidence and the specificity of cholera toxin IB we conclude that gm ganglioside is abundantly present on the membrane surfaces of IP NO of ranvier and is not present on the internodal schwann cell surfaces in an appreciable amount the patterns of fluorescence within the node suggest that the axon and schwann cell structures are CS where gm is localized treatment of the teased fibres with VCN which is known to reduce polysialogangliosides to the monosialoganglioside gm induced cholera toxin binding on the internodal schwann cell surfaces the induced receptors as well as their precursors were resistant to trypsin and PK we conclude that the internodal schwann cell surface is rich in an unidentified polysialogangliosides that can be converted to gm by neuraminidase | MEDAL |
clostridium perfringens type a produces an enterotoxin that induces diarrhoea experimentally in man and animals the enterotoxin causes increased membrane permeability in susceptible cells which is thought to be due to pore formation in the host CM the effect of purified c perfringens enterotoxin on intact intestinal caco monolayers was examined in ussing chambers and on single cells by wholecell patch clamp mucosal application of c perfringens enterotoxin resulted in prompt increases in shortcircuit current coupled with a reduction in transepithelial resistance consistent with movement of sodium and other cations smaller than diethanolamine from mucosa to serosa these changes were independent of extracellular calcium increases in shortcircuit current were also observed in the apical membranes of caco monolayers permeabilised across the basolateral membrane with nystatin currents were blocked by subsequent exposure to mucosal barium and zinc zinc also prevented the OD of the current increases in apical CM cationic currents were also observed following exposure of single caco cells in wholecell patch clamp recordings these data indicate that c perfringens enterotoxin is able to form cation permeant pores in the apical membrane of human intestinal caco epithelia and the increases in shortcircuit current can be prevented by preexposure to zinc ions | MEDAL |
on the covert orienting of visual attention task covat responses to targets appearing at the location indicated by a nonpredictive spatial cue are faster than responses to targets appearing at uncued locations when stimulus onset asynchrony soa is less than approximately ms for longer soas this DP reverses and rts to targets appearing at uncued locations become faster than rts to targets appearing at the cued location this facilitation followed by inhibition has been termed the biphasic effect of nonpredictive IP spatial cues currently there is debate about whether these two processes are independent this issue was addressed in a series of experiments where the temporal overlap between the peripheral cue and target was manipulated at both short and long soas results showed that facilitation was present only when the soa was short and there was temporal overlap between cue and target conversely inhibition occurred only when the soa was long and there was no temporal overlap between cue and target the biphasic effect with an early facilitation followed by a later inhibition occurred only when the cue duration was fixed such that there was temporal overlap between the cue and target at short but not long soas in a final experiment the duration of targets the temporal overlap between cue and target and the soa were manipulated factorially the results showed that facilitation occurred only when the soa was short there was temporal overlap between cue and target and the target remained visible until the subject responded these results suggest that the facilitation and inhibition found on covats which use noninformative IP cues are independent processes and their presence and magnitude is related to the temporal properties of cues and targets | MEDAL |
despite clinical importance of leishmaniasis an infectious disease that affects thousand million people in countries the treatment is still unsatisfactory due to its limited tau cost expensive and undesirable side effects aiming to develop new antileishmanial lead compounds we used a rational RPA to synthesize a new set of sulfonamide methoxychalcone derivatives ai and evaluate the sulfonamide and methoxy moieties as promising addinggroups to chalcones for that purpose we tested this new set against leishmania braziliensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes and determined its cell toxicity profile interestingly all compounds presented a concentrationdependent antileishmanial profile and the benzylamino derivative i showed a biological activity better than pentamidine none of these compounds affected trypanosoma cruzi EPI which suggests a specific antileishmanial profile the structureactivity analysis of these sulfonamide methoxychalcone derivatives pointed the molecular volume the homo density concentrated in the chalcone moiety and the conformational structure of the EDC as important structural and stereoelectronic features for the antileishmanial activity in addition these EDC also fulfilled lipinski rule of and presented druglikeness similar to antileishmanial drugs altogether these results point the sulfonamide methoxychalcone derivatives as potential lead compounds for designing new candidates for leishmaniasis treatment | MEDAL |
bile duct stricture due to chemotherapyinduced sclerosing cholangitis cisc is a potentially fatal complication of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy haic it is managed primarily with medical treatment and biliary stenting we report a rare case of a ciscrelated biliary stricture requiring resection the patient had been receiving adjuvant haic for months T3 a curative LR for HCC carcinoma when clinically overt cholangitis developed radiologic and biopsy findings suggested a ciscrelated biliary stricture limited to the common hepatic duct we discontinued haic and started corticosteroid treatment which finally became ineffective endoscopic biliary stenting was impossible because of her severe biliary sclerosis necessitating resection of the stricture which was confirmed histologically to be AA SC the patient has shown no signs of recurrent cholangitis for postoperative months since her operation thus resection could be a treatment option for a ciscrelated biliary stricture in selected patients | MEDAL |
mosquitoes of the anopheles bancroftii group collected from northern australia and papua new guinea png were investigated for CS R2 within the ribosomal dna its wing fringe morphology originally used to identify members of this group was compared to genotypes identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis rflp and heteroduplex analysis hda of the rdna its members of this group separated into four rflp genotypes a b c and d with some genotypes displaying wing fringe polymorphisms heteroduplex analysis of the its within and between populations identified genotype a as containing two geographically separate its sequences a from the northern territory of australia and a from queensland and the western province of png genotypes b and c and genotypes c and d were found sympatric and appeared to be evolving independently suggesting the possibility of cryptic species TT c contained two its CS types within the genome | MEDAL |
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