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because of the high efficacy of existing nitrates alternative dosage formulations have been developed rather than new EDC these new formulations challenge the analyst to develop analytical methods with lower sensitivity and higher precision isosorbide dinitrate is analysed in the presence of its L1 metabolites isosorbide mononitrate and isosorbide mononitrate the present method is an improvement over previously published methods it is not possible to analyse glyceryl trinitrate and its L1 metabolites glyceryl dinitrate and glyceryl dinitrate with the necessary sensitivity in one chromatogram a step procedure is therefore applied the SE procedures the GC conditions imprecision and inaccuracy of the methods the lower limits of quantitation sample chromatograms and applications of all methods are described in detail thus the possibilities of modern analytical methods in the determination of nitrates in the lower picogram region are demonstrated | MEDAL |
one problems are the most common reason for discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy human endometrium undergoes the unique process of benign angiogenesis under the control of ovarian steroids during reproductive life and it is presumed that similar processes occur when women take HRT the key players in endometrial growth and angiogenesis are V1 EC growth factor thymidine phosphorylase and adrenomedullin regulation of these angiogenic AF is described | MEDAL |
the study aimed to identify the complications recorded at the patients with obstructive renal failure treated with percutaneous nephrostomy pcn | MEDAL |
curinginjury cataplasma to promote RII mechanism of acute closed soft tissue injury swelling of rats may be related to inhibit pge regulating the camp pka signaling pathways high expression o ultrahigh field t ultrahigh gradient strength diffusion and ttweighted myelinsensitive magnetic resonance imaging to characterize microstructural changes in myelin and neuroaxonal integrity in the SC and VWM in early stage multiple sclerosis their CSD in lesional and normalappearing tissue and their correlations with neurological disability twentysix early stage multiple sclerosis subjects disease duration ⤠years and agematched HCs underwent t tweighted imaging for cortical lesion segmentation and t ttweighted myelinsensitive imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging for assessing microstructural myelin axonal and dendrite integrity in lesional and normalappearing tissue of the SC and the VWM conventional mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy metrics were also assessed for comparison cortical lesions were identified in of early multiple sclerosis subjects and they were characterized by lower intracellular volume fraction p by paired ttest lower myelinsensitive contrast p by relatedsamples wilcoxon signedrank test and higher mean diffusivity p by relatedsamples wilcoxon signedrank test relative to the contralateral normalappearing SC similar findings were observed in VWM lesions relative to normalappearing WG matter all p accompanied by an increased orientation dispersion p by paired ttest and lower fractional anisotropy p by relatedsamples wilcoxon signedrank test suggestive of less coherent underlying fibre orientation additionally the normalappearing VWM in multiple sclerosis subjects had diffusely lower intracellular volume fractions than the WG matter in controls p by unpaired ttest cortical thickness did not differ significantly between multiple sclerosis subjects and controls higher orientation dispersion in the left primary motorsomatosensory SC was associated with increased EDSS scores in surfacebased general linear modelling p microstructural pathology was frequent in early multiple sclerosis and present mainly focally in cortical lesions whereas more diffusely in VWM these results suggest early demyelination with loss of cells andor cell volumes in cortical and VWM lesions with additional axonal dispersion in white matter lesions in the cortex focal lesion changes might precede diffuse atrophy with cortical thinning findings in the normalappearing VWM reveal early axonal pathology outside inflammatory demyelinating lesions | MEDAL |
large scale analysis and statistics of sociotechnical systems that just a few shorhelial me cell proliferation the aim of this study was to isolate purify culture and characterise me cells from normal and neoplastic canine mammary PG monodispersed cells from three normal canine mammary glands and five canine mammary tumours were incubated with an antithy antibody and isolated by magneticactivated cell sorting macs cells isolated from two normal PG cell lines cmmen and cmmen and four tumours cell lines cmmek from a complex carcinoma cmmek from a simple tubulopapillary carcinoma and cmmek and cmmek from two carcinomas within benign tumours were cultured in supplemented dmemf media for days cell purity was tumourderived me cell lines exhibited heterogeneous morphology growth patterns and ICC expression of cytokeratins whereas cell lines from normal PG retained their morphology and levels of cytokeratin expression during culture cell lines from normal glands and carcinomas within benign tumours grew more slowly than those from simple and complex carcinomas this methodology has the potential to be used for in vitro analysis of the role of me cells in the growth and progression of canine mammary tumours | MEDAL |
whole cells of actinomyces naeslundii atcc either in a dispersed form or in the form of plaque enzymatically degraded sucrose to glucose and fructose washed whole cells expressed betafructofuranosidase specificity and hydrolyzed SU to essentially equimolar quantities of gl and fructose the cells readily hydrolyzed SU raffinose and actinomyces viscosus or aerobacter levanicum levan but did not degrade melezitose maltose alphamethyldglucoside melibiose glucosephosphate or dextran t SU Kd occurred at a temperature optimum of to c and at a ph optimum of to the km for SU was m SU or raffinose in the GM resulted in cells with a specific activity that was fivefold greater than that of cells grown in medium supplemented with either glucose fructose maltose lactose or gl and fructose or grown in unsupplemented medium addition of sucrose to logphase cells growing in gl also increased the TPS activity degradation of sucrose by whole cells in the form of PI also occurred but less free fructose than free glucose was recovered sucrosedependent synthesis of extracellular levan or glucan by whole cells or plaque could not be demonstrated the ability of a naeslundii to degrade SU and levan may be related to the pathogenic potential of this bacterium in plaqueassociated oral diseases | MEDAL |
the CL is unique in its ability to regenerate in response to injury a number of evolutionary safeguards have allowed the CL to continue to perform its complex functions despite significant injury increased understanding of the regenerative process has significant benefit in the treatment of liver failure furthermore understanding of CL regeneration may shed CS on the development of cancer within the cirrhotic liver this review provides an overview of the models of study currently used in liver regeneration the molecular basis of LR and the role of liver progenitor cells in regeneration of the CL TPS focus is placed on clinical applications of current knowledge in CL regeneration including smallforsize liver SPK furthermore cuttingedge topics in liver regeneration including in vivo animal models for xenogeneic human hepatocyte expansion and the use of decellularized CL matrices as a dimensional scaffold for CL repopulation are proposed unfortunately despite years of intense T0 many gaps remain in the scientific understanding of liver regeneration | MEDAL |
in the wake of cortical spreading depression csd it has been suggested that noxious substances diffuse through the dura with resulting firing of epidural nerves in my view this is unlikely because there are good reasons to suggest that there must be a durabrain barrier alternatively collateral branches from the trigeminal nerve to the pia and the dura may signal what is happening with ions and substances on the BB surface during csd to the EPI space | MEDAL |
the complete amino acid CS of the bchain of ricin e has been determined the reduced and carboxymethylated bchain was digested with TR followed by separation and purification of the resulting MMP using reversephase hplc the CAA CS of each tryptic peptide was determined employing the dabitcpitc doublecoupling method the bchain of ricin e proved to consist of CAA residues by comparing the CAA CS of the bchain of ricin e with those of ricin d and of ricinus communis agglutinin it was found that the bchain of ricin e was composed of the NT half of ricin d and CT half r communis agglutinin this result suggested that the gene recombination probably occurred at the center region of two bchain genes of ricin d and r communis agglutinin | MEDAL |
there is strong evidence for circadian rhythmicity in certain seizure types whereas only a few studies have addressed the possibility of seasonal rhythms in convulsive activity in the present experiments seizure thresholds to different types of seizures were determined twice per month over a period of months in mice under controlled environmental conditions ie constant photoperiod temperature humidity and food each group of animals was used for only one experiment and the age of the mice used per month was the same throughout the T0 furthermore all experiments were done at the same time in the morning to avoid circadian variation thresholds for the following seizure types were determined tonic hindlimb seizures induced by electrical transauricular stimulation myoclonic seizures induced by intravenous iv infusion of pentylenetetrazol ptz generalized clonic seizures in response to iv ptz and tonic forelimb seizures induced by ptz a significant seasonality was determined for myoclonic and clonic ptz seizure thresholds with highest thresholds between february and april and lowest thresholds between july and september no clear seasonality was seen for chemically or electrically induced tonic seizures determination of plasma corticosterone did not disclose any seasonal rhythm in adrenal corticosteroid production that resembled the circannual variation in myoclonic and clonic seizure thresholds in conclusion our experiments suggest the existence of seasonal rhythms in ptz seizure thresholds in laboratory animals despite standardized environmental conditions a possible explanation for the findings may be the known seasonal alteration of the GMF which by its effect on the pineal production of melatonin may act as a seasonal synchronizor zeitgeber in animals in the absence of other synchronizing forces such as seasonal changes in LD and AT | MEDAL |
dietary n longchain pufa n lcpufa ameliorate several metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases although the mechanisms of these beneficial effects are not fully understood in this T0 we compared the effects of dietary n lcpufa in the form of either fish oil fo or krill oil ko balanced for EPA epa and docosahexaenoic acid dha content with a control c diet containing no epa and dha and similar contents of OA linoleic and alphalinolenic acids on ectopic fat and inflammation in zucker rats a model of obesity and related metabolic dysfunction diets were fed for wk given the emerging evidence for an association between elevated endocannabinoid concentrations and metabolic syndrome we also measured tissue endocannabinoid concentrations in n lcpufasupplemented rats CL triglycerides and the peritoneal macrophage response to an inflammatory CS- were significantly lower than in rats fed the control diet and HR triglycerides were lower but only in kofed rats these effects were associated with a lower concentration of the endocannabinoids anandamide and arachidonoylglycerol in the VAT and of anandamide in the liver and heart which in turn was associated with lower levels of AA in membrane phospholipids but not with higher activity of endocannabinoiddegrading enzymes our data suggest that the beneficial effects of a diet EC with n lcpufa are the result of changes in membrane HFA composition the reduction of substrates for inflammatory molecules and endocannabinoids may account for the dampened inflammatory response and the physiological reequilibration of body fat deposition in obese rats | MEDAL |
a possible direct estrogen requirement for growth of ghc GH3 cells was evaluated in culture medium supplemented with estrogendepleted SS prepared by a degree c charcoal extraction procedure and with serum obtained from ovariectomized sheep and ovariectomized adrenalectomized sheep growth of the ghc cells in culture medium in which the final estrogen concentration was pgml or less was equal to growth in medium with normal serum and equal to growth in the presence of estrogendepleted SS to which estradiol was added back at concentrations of pgml under no conditions could a direct estrogen requirement for growth be demonstrated the CF of thyroid hormones in cell growth was examined in culture medium supplemented with serum from thyroidectomized sheep in such medium the growth of the ghc cells was stimulated fold by addition of x m lthyroxine t or x m ltriiodothyronine t investigation of the possible synergistic effects of Es and t revealed that combinations of estrogen and t or t did not stimulate growth over that seen with t or t alone these data indicated that Es are not direct growth requirements for these cells but instead operate in vivo through secondary or indirect mechanisms in contrast thyroid hormones are directly mitogenic in vitro | MEDAL |
in the western cancer T0 group initiated a prospectively randomized doubleblind trial of an month adjuvant program comparing lev with PL treatment following surgical resection in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma T3 stratification for site of disease colon vs rectum and stage b vs c patients were entered the lev schedule was mgkgday given on days and of each week the median followup of entered patients is now years toxic effects of treatment were minimal however no LTS advantage was associated with lev compared to PL administration in this population with resected largebowel adenocarcinoma | MEDAL |
in the present T0 we analyzed the function of a novel mutation ctg pleutrp in the solute carrier OAT slco b gene encoding organic anion transporting polypeptide oatp b which was identified in a patient with pravastatininduced myopathy oatpb SCV carrying the mutation oatpbactg or bctg showed a reduced transporting activity toward typical substrates and pravastatin compared with the activity of the references oatpba or b this was due to reduction in vmax values of the SCV not due to change in their km values oatpbbctg was normally expressed on the plasma membrane of hek cells at the same level as that of oatpbb taken together our results suggest that the mutation ctg pleutrp reduced the function of oatpb probably due to decrease in kcat of one oatpb molecule rather than impairment of protein sorting to the plasma membrane | MEDAL |
transmural electrical stimulation hz produced a frequencydependent increase in the perfusion pressure of isolated perfused dog CMA segments without the endothelium which was abolished by prazosin or tetrodotoxin physostigmine inhibited the pressor response to transmural electrical stimulation whereas atropine potentiated the response treatment with acetylcholine and m dosedependently inhibited the response to electrical nerve stimulation the effect was reversed by the addition of atropine and afdx at a concentration m that selectively blocked the m receptor subtype but not by pirenzepine or damp acetylcholine did not alter the pressure raised by norepinephrine in perfused arterial segments nor the contraction caused by exogenous norepinephrine in the i.a. strips hoverflow evoked by transmural electrical stimulation from tissues prelabeled with h norepinephrine was decreased by acetylcholine m in the superfused dog mesenteric arterial strips it is concluded that acetylcholine inhibits adrenergic neurogenic contractions by interfering with the PR of norepinephrine which possibly results from activation of the prejunctional m receptor subtype | MEDAL |
the activity of the drugoxidizing system was investigated in liver homogenates of control and uraemic rats ARF was achieved by ligation of the ureters or by intravenous i.t. of UN in the uraemic state the concentration of cytochrome p and the activity of aniline hydroxylase were not significantly changed but the activity of aminopyrine ndemethylase was significantly decreased in rats the hepatic oxidizing enzymes are not induced by the uraemic state in contrast to what has been suggested in man | MEDAL |
gabaa and gabab receptor agonists stimulate feeding following microinjection into the nucleus accumbens shell and ventral tegmental area effects blocked selectively and respectively by gabaa and gabab IL-1ra gaba antagonists also differentially alter opioidinduced FF responses elicited from these sites although gaba agonists and antagonists have been shown to modulate feeding elicited by ED or glucoprivation there has been no systematic examination of feeding elicited by homeostatic challenges following gaba antagonists in these CS therefore the present T0 examined the dosedependent ability of gabaa BIC ng and gabab saclofen microg antagonists administered into the nucleus accumbens shell or VTA upon feeding responses elicited by FD h deoxydglucoseinduced glucoprivation mgkg or mercaptoacetateinduced lipoprivation mgkg a sitespecific effect of gaba receptor antagonism was observed for deprivationinduced FF in that both BIC and saclofen administered into the nucleus accumbens shell but not the VTA produced ST h but not longterm h effects upon deprivationinduced intake without meaningfully altering body weight REC in contrast to the relative inability of gaba receptor antagonism in both CS to alter deoxydglucoseinduced NI mercaptoacetateinduced NI was eliminated by saclofen and significantly reduced by bicuculline in the nucleus accumbens shell and eliminated by both bicuculline and saclofen in the ventral tegmental area these data reinforce the findings that gabaa and gabab receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell and VTA are not only important in the modulation of pharmacologically induced feeding responses but also participate in differentially mediating the shortterm FF response to FD in the nucleus accumbens shell as well strongly modulating lipoprivic but not glucoprivic feeding responses in both sites | MEDAL |
analysis of epidemiologic data on cancers of the breast ovary and endometrium the effects of endogenous hormones on cell proliferation and current carcinogenesis concepts suggest that hormonal contraceptives can be developed that will reduce lifetime risk of all cancers the unopposedestrogen hypothesis accounts for EC risk factors ovarian cancer risk is closely related to the total frequency of ovulation the risk of breast cancer can be explained by an estrogenplusprogestogen hypothesis on the basis of this analysis an hormonal contraceptive regimen has been developed consisting of a gonadotropinreleasing hormone agonist gnrha plus continuous lowdose addback estrogen and a short course of progestogen every fourth month the total dose of addback estrogen is estimated to be approximately that in presentday lowdose combinationtype oral contraceptives cocs the total dose of progestogen is approximately that in cocs this regimen prevents ovulation and should thus reduce ovarian cancer risk it also reduces the SE of the endometrium to unopposed estrogen and the SE of the breast to estrogenplusprogestogen it is estimated that use of such a regimen for years will only reduce lifetime risk of endometrial cancer by onesixth but lifetime risk of OC is estimated to be reduced by twothirds and lifetime risk of breast CA is estimated to be reduced by onehalf | MEDAL |
using a largescale genomic enzymology approach we i assigned novel atpdependent fourcarbon acid sugar kinase functions to members of the duf protein family domain of unknown function pfam families pf and pf and ii discovered novel catabolic pathways for dthreonate lthreonate and derythronate the experimentally determined ligand specificities of several solute IB proteins sbps for trap tripartite atpindependent permease transporters for fourcarbon acids including derythronate and lerythronate were used to constrain the substrates for the catabolic pathways that degrade the sbp ligands to intermediates in CE carbon metabolism sequence similarity networks and genome neighborhood networks were used to identify the enzyme components of the pathways conserved genome neighborhoods encoded sbps as well as permease components of the trap transporters members of the duf family and a member of the hydroxylthreonine phosphate dehydrogenase pdxa oxidative decarboxylase class ii ALD or ribulose bisphosphate rbcL large S1 rubisco superfamily because the characterized substrates of members of the pdxa class ii ALD and rubisco superfamilies are phosphorylated we postulated that the members of the duf family are novel atpdependent kinases that participate in catabolic pathways for fourcarbon acid sugars we determined that i the dufpdxa pair participates in a pathway for the conversion of dthreonate to DHA phosphate and co and ii the dufclass ii aldolase pair participates in pathways for the conversion of derythronate and lthreonate epimers at carbon to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and co the physiological importance of these pathways was demonstrated in vivo by phenotypic and genetic analyses | MEDAL |
to evaluate the effects of isolated inferior oblique io muscle recession in patients with SOP sop and persistent hypertropia in abduction | MEDAL |
macrophagic myofasciitis mmf syndrome is a subtype of autoimmuneinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants asia or shoenfelds syndrome characterized by the presence of stereotyped inflammatory lesions at muscle biopsy attesting the LT persistence of aluminum XTT particles at the site of previous immunization most frequently reported PS are chronic arthromyalgias and fatigue and cognitive complaint mmfassociated cognitive disorder macd is characterized by the dysfunctioning of attention executive functions shortterm term and longterm memory and in some instances LE extinction macd is expressed in a chronic nonevolving welldefined syndromic framework within which the expression in terms of severity differs from one patient to another while brain mri is usually noncontributive PET imaging using spect and pet has revealed the existence of a suggestive pathological DP with involvement of posterior associative Az temporal lobes limbic system and cerebellum put together neuropsychological and PET neuroimaging investigations support the view that macd relates to organic CNS system involvement | MEDAL |
asthma is a major public health problem in developed countries where it consumes a large and increasing share of scarce health resources ideally medical management should be both optimal in terms of improving the patients SQ of life and costeffective for society at present there is very little information relating to costs and economic efficiency of current asthma management although the true total cost of asthma is unknown current estimates suggest it is high the main value of recent total cost estimates is that they identify the most expensive areas of asthma costs and ideally formal costeffectiveness analyses should be concentrated on these areas asthma is still under or inappropriately diagnosed and undertreated several national and international consensus plans for the optimal management of asthma in children and adults have been published if these inadequacies in asthma management were QTc using current treatment recommendations the overall cost of asthma from both the community and patient perspective should fall the situation requires increased use of preventative medications sodium cromoglycate cromolyn sodium or inhaled corticosteroids more widespread use of written crisis plans more proactive medical consultations rather than reactive or urgent consultations further expansion of asthma education programmes and furthere consistent with michaelismenten kinetics for a singleenzyme mediated reaction with ATP inhibition mean parameters determined by nonlinear regression were vmax nmolminmg protein km microm and ks microm ks represents a constant which reflects the degree of ATP inhibition quinidine qui was a potent inhibitor of odv formation with a ki of microm and paroxetine px was the most potent ssri at inhibiting odv formation with a mean ki value of microm studies using expressed cytochromes showed that odv was formed by cypc c and d cypd was dominant with the lowest km microm and highest intrinsic clearance vmaxkm ratio no unique model was applicable to the formation of ndv for all four livers tested parameters determined by applying a singleenzyme MM were vmax nmolminmg protein and km microm ketoconazole was a potent inhibitor of ndv production although its inhibitory activity was not as great as observed with pure a substrates ndv formation was also reduced by by a polyclonal rb antibody against rat liver cypa studies using expressed cytochromes showed that ndv was formed by cypc c and a the highest intrinsic clearance was attributable to cypc and the lowest to cypa however the high in vivo abundance of a isoforms will magnify the importance of this cytochrome FLV fx at a concentration of microm decreased ndv production by consistent with the capacity of fx to inhibit cypa c and c these results are consistent with previous studies that show cypd and a play important roles in the formation of odv and ndv respectively in addition we have shown that several other cyps have important roles in the biotransformation of vf | MEDAL |
in cardiac muscle ca plays a key role in regulation of numerous processes including generation of the action potential and development of tension the entry of ca into the cell is regulated primarily by Kv channels in the membrane until recently it was felt that only one type of ca channel existed in cardiac ventricular muscle experiments reported here suggest that in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes there are two distinct types of ca channels with markedly different activation thresholds inactivation kinetics and sensitivities to inorganic and organic ca channel blockers the channels were also distinguished based on their response to increased frequency of clamping such that the current through the lowthreshold channel decreased while that through the highthreshold channel increased in a few cells the current through both channels was enhanced by isoproterenol a betaadrenergic agonist but only the highthreshold channel was enhanced by the cachannel agonist bay k thus isolated guinea pig VVI myocytes appear to have two types of ca channels distinguished by various criteria | MEDAL |
the use of fixed effector cells or cell membrane S9 in assays to study cell surface tnfmediated immunological effects has been widespread for more than a decade the assumption has always been made that observed effects of fixed cells are due to the cell surface tnf molecule here we report that paraformaldehydefixed lpsstimulated raw cells PR a factor that causes cytotoxicity against tnf CS wehi cells the factor was neutralized by soluble tnf receptors as well as antibody and could not be removed by UC at x g and is therefore likely to be a form of soluble tnf this has important implications for the interpretation of found by microbiological assay | MEDAL |
multitrophic interactions mediate the ability of fungal pathogens to cause plant disease and the ability of bacterial antagonists to suppress disease antibiotic production by antagonists which contributes to disease suppression is known to be modulated by abiotic and host plant environmental conditions here we demonstrate that a pathogen metabolite functions as a negative signal for bacterial antibiotic biosynthesis which can determine the relative importance of biological control mechanisms available to antagonists and which may also influence fungusbacterium ecological interactions we found that production of the polyketide antibiotic diacetylphloroglucinol dapg was the primary biocontrol mechanism of pseudomonas fluorescens CS q against fusarium oxysporum f sp radicislycopersici on the tomato as determined with mutational analysis in contrast dapg was not important for the lessdiseasesuppressive strain cha this was explained by differential sensitivity of the bacteria to fusaric acid a pathogen phyto and mycotoxin that specifically blocked dapg biosynthesis in CS cha but not in CS q in cha hydrogen cyanide a biocide not repressed by fusaric acid played a more important role in disease suppression | MEDAL |
due to international guidelines of treatment of acute LB pain lbp psychosocial risk factors like depressive mood and maladaptive painrelated coping strategies yellow flags have to be assessed in the early phase of acute pain within this longitudinal T0 in patients with lbp and leg pain we used an artificial neural network ann to classify the PI months after the ON of treatment psychosocial risk AF were used as input neurons the training of the threelayer ann using the backpropagation algorithm yields to an accuracy of further on the complexity of this structure indicated the necessity of an early screening procedure that allows a differentiation between several high risk CG and a low risk profile in order to predict the LT OD of pain intensity | MEDAL |
in darkened leaves the calvin cycle enzymes glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase gapdh and phosphoribulokinase prk form a regulatory multienzyme complex with the small chloroplast protein cp gapdh also forms a high molecular weight RII monoenzyme complex given that there are different reports as to the number and S1 composition of these complexes and that enzyme RII mechanisms are known to vary between species it was reasoned that proteinprotein interactions may also vary between species here this variation is investigated this study shows that two different tetramers of gapdh an ab heterotetramer and an a homotetramer have the capacity to form part of the prkgapdhcp complex the role of the prkgapdhcp complex is not simply to regulate the nonregulatory a gapdh tetramer this study also demonstrates that the abundance and nature of prkgapdhcp interactions are not equal in all species and that whilst nad enhances complex formation in some species this is not sufficient for complex formation in others furthermore it is shown that the gapdh monoenzyme complex is more abundant as a ab complex rather than the larger ab complex this smaller complex is sensitive to cellular metabolites indicating that it is an important RII isoform of gapdh this comparative T0 has highlighted considerable heterogeneity in prk and gapdh protein interactions between closely related species and the possible underlying physiological basis for this is discussed | MEDAL |
fluorouracil and irinotecanbased and gemcitabinebased regimens are the SOC in the firstline treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic CA new approaches are needed to improve survival and SQ of life whether a sequential approach alternating irinotecan fluorouracil and gemcitabine may be effective and tolerable in patients with M1 pancreatic CA is unknown | MEDAL |
severe TP occurred in seven patients who had histories of recent or current intravenous cocaine use all of the patients denied heroin use and all were seronegative for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus hiv the seven patients had normal or increased numbers of megakaryocytes in their bone marrows while receiving corticosteroid therapy their PLT counts rose to l over periods ranging from to days in view of the widespread use of cocaine severe TP in the hivseronegative patient should suggest the possibility of current or recent intravenous use of cocaine | MEDAL |
allograft PD disease cad is the main limiting factor of the LTS in cardiac Tx it is present in approximately of patients at years posttransplant allograft cad might result in CHF VVI arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death acute coronary syndrome is a rare presentation of allograft cad because symptoms are usually atypical or absent as a result of CD however it should be reminded that reinnervation of the Tx HR might occur and angina pectoris could be felt as a sign of an acute coronary syndrome we present a yearold female cardiac SPK patient with an acute myocardial infarction who was successfully treated with percutaneous TCA | MEDAL |
the sympathetic NS is important in regulating cardiovascular CF it is therefore of interest to study the influence of antihypertensive drugs on SNA for this purpose measurements of noradrenaline concentrations in forearm venous plasma have often been used for several reasons this provides limited information i the sympathetic nervous system is highly differentiated ie activity may be high in some organs and low in others ii noradrenaline in forearm A-V plasma is largely derived from sympathetic activity to the forearm skeletal muscle iii PNA concentrations are determined not only by noradrenaline spillover from sympathetic nerve endings which is related to SNA but also by noradrenaline clearance under most circumstances PNA concentrations are not high enough to produce hormonal effects many types of antihypertensive drugs may cause acute and longterm increases in forearm venous noradrenaline concentrations the mechanisms underlying these increases are not fully understas still decreased after h of fasting in hfasted rats an overall significant increase of npy C2 was observed except in the striatum where it decreased significantly no relationship appeared between npy and monoamine C2 suggesting that npy can act independently in feeding SMB and play in different BB Az an important role in its regulation | MEDAL |
pityriasis amiantacea was first described in the disease may be secondary to any skin condition that primarily affects the scalp including SD its pathogenesis remains uncertain we aim to analyze the epidemiological and clinical profiles of patients with pityriasis amiantacea to better understand treatment responses we identified seven cases of pityriasis amiantacea and a female predominance in a sample of pediatric patients with seborrheic dermatitis followed for an average of months we reported a mean age of years five patients were female with a mean age of years all patients were successfully treated with topic ketoconazole | MEDAL |
the purpose of this T0 was to investigate the instantaneous impact of catheter arteriography on blood asymmetric dimethylarginine adma C2 in accordance with patient and procedurerelated variables sixtyeight patients women men mean age years range years referred for cerebral or IP catheter arteriography were recruited for the study pre and postarteriography arterial blood adma C2 were determined by highperformance LC technique type of nonionic iodinatedation of lens proteins by kyn derivatives yields photosensitizers that may enhance oxidation in older lenses and contribute to agerelated nuclear cataract | MEDAL |
shortterm starvation sts protects normal cells while simultaneously sensitizing malignant cells to highdose chemotherapeutic drugs in mice and possibly patients the fastingdependent protection of normal cells and sensitization of malignant cells depends in part on reduced levels of insulinlike growth factor igf and glucose calorie restricted diets with defined macronutrient carbohydrate protein fat ratios were evaluated for the effects on stress sensitization markers and protection in mice treated with highdose chemotherapy we show that shortterm cr significantly reduced both gl and igf levels but when TPS macronutrient deficiencies were tested only the CR lack of proteins reduced igf levels ST cr combined with either severe proteindeficiency or ketogenic diets improved chemotoxicity resistance similarly to the standard cr but did not result in the high protection caused by sts notably a high protein diet reversed the beneficial effects of shortterm cr in a subcutaneous mouse MM of glioma feeding a low protein calories from protein diet for more than days did not delay RT progression once the RT became palpable also cycles of ST days cr did not augment the chemotherapy tau of cisplatin in a mu breast cancer model these results indicate that the protection from chemotoxicity and retardation of the progression of certain PT achieved with fasting is not obtained with shortterm calorie andor macronutrient restriction | MEDAL |
the capacity of syrian hamster female protein fp a phosphorylcholine pcbinding pentraxin to activate complement was tested in an in vitro system consisting of pccoupled sheep red blood cells and guinea pig serum as the C3 source fp was demonstrated to fix complement as reflected by hemolysis such hemolysis was eliminated by heat treatment degrees c min of GPS and inhibited by pc chloride but not dinitrophenyl lysine the inability of cdeficient guinea pig serum to provide lytic activity indicated that lysis proceeded through the classical hemolytic pathway | MEDAL |
developing and implementing standards of spinal cord injury nursing practice is an essential component of a program for evaluating and ensuring quality patient care a comprehensive program for monitoring sci nursing care as developed at the james a haley veterans hospital is described over a month period nursing staff utilized standards of practice to assure attainment of expected patient outcomes and increased staff involvement in the sci SQ assurance program evaluation of the task fornkephalin on the rat periaqueductal SN in the cells that were recorded intracellularly metenkephalin caused an increase in the resting membrane conductance hyperpolarization of the CM an increase in the firing threshold and a decrease in the spontaneous firing rate this effect of metenkephalin could be blocked by naloxone the effect of metenkephalin on SN was also examined using extracellular recording in of cells pressure application of metenkephalin caused a dosedependent inhibition that could be blocked by naloxone of the cells were excited and the remaining SN did not respond nineteen per cent of responsive cells were located in the dorsolateral subdivision in the VL and in the dorsal regions in cells perfusion with physiological saline solutionmg did not alter the inhibitory effect of metenkephalin however perfusion with PS solutionmg abolished the excitatory response to metenkephalin in four cells it is concluded that the L1 effect of metenkephalin on periaqueductal gray cells is inhibition that occurs through a direct postsynaptic process this inhibition is probably due to an increase in permeability to potassium a small population of periaqueductal gray cells are excited by metenkephalin probably through a presynaptic process | MEDAL |
fatty liver in the goose results from an increased hepatic lipogenesis in response to overfeeding together with a deficient secretion of triacylglycerol as verylowdensity lipoproteins vldl orotic acid and estrogen which both modify lipid metabolism in the liver were used in male geese as tools to understand the alterations of CL lipids and plasma lipoproteins during the induction of CL steatosis CL lipids were analyzed after solvent extraction and plasma lipoproteins after separation by density gradient UC contrary to what is known in the rat orotic acid in food for weeks failed to induce liver steatosis in forcefed geese liver weight increased from approximately g to approximately g in weeks as a consequence of a TPS accumulation of triacylglycerol i three patients required admission to the main hospital overnight by this day of day plastic surgery an ERP service is provided to patients convenient to their home while also releasing facilities in the main regional centre which is equipped and staffed to a higher level of reconstructive expertise however the patients themselves should also play a part in improving the service intended for them and a failure to attend for surgery without prior warning adds an avoidable PE of inefficiency | MEDAL |
we present a new MM of airway smooth muscle asm which surrounds and constricts every airway in the lung and thus plays a central role in the airway constriction associated with asthma this new MM of asm is based on an extension of sliding filamentcrossbridge theory which explicitly incorporates the length CSD of thick sliding filaments to account for a phenomenon known as dynamic passive length adaptation the MM exhibits good agreement with experimental data for asm forcelength behaviour across multiple scales principally these are nonlinear forcelength loops at short timescales seconds parabolic forcelength curves at medium timescales minutes and length adaptation at longer timescales this represents a significant improvement on tors and the presence of hostility hostility prevalence in the months before baseline was and the incidence at years was variables related to hostility during followup were age male sex alcoholsubstance abuse TD EPS cognitive impairment noncompliance and hospitalization being a crime survivor being married not living independently and not being in paid employment were associated with hostility at baseline clinical and social variables are related to hostility in schizophrenia extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia alcoholsubstance abuse cognitive impairment medication noncompliance and hospitalizations are predictors of future hostility | MEDAL |
tumors of the ITF may extend superiorly into the MCF and inferiorly into the retromaxillary space surgical removal commonly requires an interdisciplinary skull base team which may have to RPA the tumor from above and below in order to resect it in an attempt to resect infratemporal fossa tumors of this magnitude with a single surgical approach a pterional trephination with or without removal of the zygomatic arch was utilized in cases to define its usefulness and limitations in nine cases the histologic examination revealed a diagnosis of meningioma in three adenoid cystic carcinoma and in one UC was found postoperative computed tomography was performed in all cases to assess the completeness of tumor resection this article will detail the successful use of this singlestage RPA to intra or extradural lesions that originate in the ITF | MEDAL |
mechanism of fibronectin fninduced chemotaxis of fibroblastic cells has not been fully understood the present T0 was performed to establish a molecular nature of the chemotactic region of rat plasma fn the chemotactic doseresponse DP of IN fn for mouse embryo fibroblastic cells nihl cells which was represented as a bellshape curve with a maximum activity at around nm changed to a biphasic mode through a proteolysis with thermolysin two distinct chemotactic components were isolated from the thermolytic fragments one component a fragment with a molecular mass of kda was estimated to contain the CE cellbinding domain and the carboxylterminal heparinbinding domain of the IN fn molecule cell migration stimulated by the kda fragment increased successively in a dosedependent manner and the capability to promote the migration was much higher than that of the intact fn over fold the second chemotactic component a fragment with a molecular mass of kda was shown to reside in the carboxylterminal fibrinbinding domain the kda fragment produced a bellshape doseresponse DP being consistent with the IN fn whereas a maximum response occurred at a fold lower concentration nm than that of the intact fn molecule at higher concentrations this fragment revealed an inhibitory activity for the cell migration in response to the kda fragment no significant molecular interaction between these two active components was observed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions suggesting that the kda fragment may act directly on the cell to inhibit the cell migration these results suggest that rat plasma fn contains at least two chemotactically active components that regulate cooperatively chemotactic migration of fibroblastic cells | MEDAL |
in biological fluids proteins bind to the surface of nanoparticles to form a coating known as the protein corona which can critically affect the interaction of the NPs with living systems as physiological systems are highly dynamic it is important to obtain a TR knowledge of proteincorona formation development and biological relevancy here we show that labelfree snapshot proteomics can be used to obtain quantitative TR profiles of human plasma coronas formed on silica and polystyrene NPs of various size and surface functionalization complex time and nanoparticlespecific coronas which comprise almost different proteins were found to form rapidly minutes and over time to NC significantly in terms of the amount of bound protein but not in composition rapid corona formation is found to affect haemolysis thrombocyte activation nanoparticle uptake and endothelial cell death at an early exposure time | MEDAL |
inhaled FEN has been associated with an increased risk of death in severe asthmatics when compared to other AR agonists it is plausible that FEN may also increase the risk of nearfatal attacks we have conducted a casecontrol study to investigate this hypothesis the cases comprised intensive ECU icu admissions for asthma in the wellington region during for each of these cases two AMC were selected from asthma admissions to the same hospital during the same period for the cases and controls information on prescribed drug therapy was collected from the hospital admission records the relative risk of a nearfatal asthma attack in patients prescribed inhaled FEN was confidence interval ci an increased risk was also observed for oral theophylline odds ratio or ci for the cases and controls who had a previous admission for asthma in the previous months information relating to the previous admission was also collected an increased risk was once again observed for inhaled fenoterol or ci and for oral theophylline or ci no other asthma drugs showed significantly increased risks although the icu admission cases had generally been prescribed more asthma drugs than the hospital admission controls and appeared to have more severe asthma it is possible that the findings reported here are influenced by confounding by severity we nevertheless estimate that our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that FEN increases the risk of nearfatal asthma attacks and that they complement previous findings on fatal asthma attacksabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
fusarium head blight fhb of small grain cereals and ear rot in maize are significant diseases across the world infection can not only result in reduced yield as a result of shrunken grains but also result in reduced milling and malting SQ and the contamination of grains with mycotoxins mycotoxins are hazardous to animal and human health therefore guidelines and legislation are in place or under consideration in most countries to protect consumers and animal welfare as fusarium mycotoxins are produced within the growing crop it is important to understand how agricultural practices affect mycotoxin contamination of grain such information could then be used to determine guidelines on good agricultural practice gap to minimise the mycotoxin contamination of cereal products evidence is provided to show the importance of choice of cultivar crop rotation soil cultivation fertiliser and the chemical and biological control of insects weeds and fungi | MEDAL |
regarding the metabolic fate of monocrotophos it appears that the mechanisms summarized below are largely independent of the animal species furthermore significant sex dependency of any of these parameters has not been found absorption T3 oral administration to rats and goats monocrotophos is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the intestinal tract there is convincing evidence that MCP is readily absorbed T3 dermal administration to man pigs and rabbits | MEDAL |
mechanisms responsible for diabetesinduced alterations in CL protein synthesis were investigated in vivo and in perfused CL using BB worcester bbw control rats spontaneously diabetic bbw rats maintained on insulin therapy and diabetic bbw rats withdrawn from insulin therapy for h withdrawal of insulin therapy in the diabetic rats resulted in marked alterations in a number of parameters related to liver protein synthesis compared to bbw control or insulinmaintained diabetic rats alterations seen in vivo following withdrawal of insulin included changes in the relative concentrations of several plasma proteins a reduction in total liver rna relative to dna a fold reduction in albumin synthesis relative to the synthesis of total liver proteins a fold reduction in Al mrna relative to total rna reductions in the relative abundance of mrnas for at least four plasma proteins other than albumin and a relative increase in mrna for at least one plasma protein alterations observed in perfused CL included reductions in total liver protein synthesis of control Al production of control and total secretory protein production of control all parameters studied were essentially unchanged from bbw control values when the diabetic rats were maintained on insulin therapy the results indicate that insulin deficiency leads to marked reductions in CL protein synthesis particularly the synthesis of albumin and other plasma proteins the mechanisms responsible for these alterations include changes in the relative abundance of specific mrnas and a decrease in total cellular rna | MEDAL |
a gcms method is reported for the determination of phytic acid based on purification by anionexchange chromatography enzymatic hydrolysis of phytic acid to myoinositol and derivation to TMS derivative with scylloinositol as an internal standard analytical features of the method are limit of detection microg l phytic acid linear working range microg l phytic acid and coefficient of variation the method has been successfully applied to a variety of biological samples various rat organs kidney CL brain and bone human plasma and urine and kidney stones a comparative study of sample treatments including deproteization lipid extraction and the presence of a chelator is also reported phytic acid amounts found in rat organs ranged from g kg for bone to g kg for brain phytic acid in human plasma was of the order of mg l in kidney stones phytic acid was found in calcium containing stones | MEDAL |
using the NT amino acids of the fucosemannose IB lectin paiil of pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc in a tblastn search of p aeruginos paoi genomic CS in genbank revealed a single open reading frame encoding a amino acid protein excluding initiator methionine perfectly matching that CAA CS following its stop codon there is a gcrich CS having a perfect dyad symmetry promoting formation of a hairpin loop structure potentially enabling rhoindependent transcription termination upstream of the putative ribosomal IB site there are sequences resembling vibrio fischeri luxibox consistent with autoinduction of this gene the predicted paiil molecular mass confirmed by mass spectrometry is da its pi is the CTD is particularly hydrophobic implying possible embedding in the cell membrane paiil is similar to p aeruginosa pail lectin in some amino acids and potential glycosylation sites but lacks cysteine methionine and histidine despite their relations in functions and regulationtheir genes are widely separated by about kb | MEDAL |
patients with endstage renal disease on hemodialysis hd are at high risk for HBV we randomly assigned new patients on hd to receive either microg IM group or microg intradermal group recombinant hepatitis b vaccine in three doses at and months all patients were seronegative at baseline for SH b surface antigen hbsag hepatitis b surface antibody hbsab and SH b core antibody hbcab hbsab SC rate and antibody titer elisa CA were compared in patients of group and patients of group at month and in patients of group and patients of group at months T3 the last vaccine dose the seroconversion rates hbsab titer iul were and in group and and in group at and months respectively p ns patients age body mass index serum ALB and sex distribution were similar in the NR and nonresponders intradermal SH b vaccination used at half dose may be a cost saving alternative to IM vaccination in patients on hd however the low overall seroconversion rate mandates seeking alternative ways of vaccinaterting enzyme inhibition is not an effective antianginal therapy experimental data suggest that broader vasopeptidase inhibition may decrease the magnitude of demandinduced MI a randomized doubleblind placebo controlled parallel study evaluated omapatrilat an inhibitor of angiotensinconverting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase the primary objective was to compare maximum duration of exercise at peak plasma concentrations exercise TM studies were performed in patients who had chronic angina at baseline and after weeks of therapy with mgday omapatrilat or placebo safety data were collected and reported for all patients TM exercise duration at peak was significantly prolonged in the omapatrilat group compared with the placebo group vs seconds difference from baseline p similar statistically significant increases were seen in time to onset of level iiiiv angina and time to ON of mv stsegment depression p the significant improvements in exercise duration and measurements of MI were not sustained to hours after dosing omapatrilat was generally well tolerated in this predominantly normotensive population the incidence of serious adverse events was in the groups thus omapatrilat an investigational vasopeptidase inhibitor is effective in prolonging exercise duration and parameters of demandinduced MI in patients who have chronic angina at Cmax the data confirm the proof of principle that broader vasopeptidase inhibition beyond angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibition is required to alleviate PS of chronic angina | MEDAL |
apoptosis is a significant factor in cardiac dysfunction and graft failure in cardiac rejection in this study we examined potential signaling molecules responsible for caspase activation in a MM of acute cardiac allograft AAR the roles of ROS species ros and nitric oxide no were determined in UT allografts and allograft recipients treated with either cyclosporine csa alphaphenyltbutylnitrone pbn a spintrapping agent VC vitc mniiitetrakis methylpyridylporphyrin mntmpyp a superoxide dismutase sod mimetic or liminoethyllysine lnil an inhibitor of inducible no synthase inos CEA graft tissue was taken for measuring superoxide radical production western blotting and direct measurement of ICE activity activation of ICE in UT allografts was revealed by the appearance of cleaved ICE from procaspase by western blotting and functional ICE catalytic activity csa or pbn inhibited inos expression and ICE activity vitc and mntmpyp did not alter inos expression or decrease no levels but did inhibit caspase activity in contrast lnil CR inhibited the increase in no production without altering inos expression and inhibited ICE activity the prevention of tunel staining by mntmpyp and lnil confirmed downstream effects of superoxide and no on apoptosis these studies indicate that both superoxide and no precursors of peroxynitrite formation play a significant role in ICE activation in cardiac allograft AAR | MEDAL |
CD causes PMC through the action of rhomodifying proteins toxins a and b antibodies directed against c difficile toxin a prevent or limit c difficileinduced colitis we engineered plasmid petr containing the hlyb and hlyd genes of the escherichia coli hemolysin operon to express a fusion protein containing CAA residues from the nontoxic receptorbinding carboxy terminus of c difficile toxin a and the secretion signal of e coli Hly a we introduced petr into vibrio cholerae and found that the toxin ahlya FP was secreted by a number of v cholerae strains and recognized by both monoclonal and polyclonal antic difficile toxin a antibodies we introduced petr into an att v cholerae strain ont and inoculated rabbits orally with this construct colonization studies disclosed that the v cholerae vector containing petr was recoverable from rb ilea up to days T3 oral inoculation vaccination produced significant systemic antic difficile toxin a immunoglobulin g and antiv cholerae vibriocidal antibody responses vaccination also produced significant protection against toxin a in an ileal loop challenge CA as assessed by determination of both fluid secretion and histological changes these results suggest that the hemolysin system of e coli can be used successfully in v cholerae vector strains to effect secretion of C1 rat antigens and that a v cholerae vector strain secreting a nontoxic immunogenic portion of c difficile toxin a fused to the secretion signal of e coli hlya induces protective SVR and mucosal immunity against this toxin | MEDAL |
melanomas have a high rate of brain metastases both the functional prognosis and the overall survival are poor in these patients until now surgery and radiotherapy represented the two main modalities of treatment nevertheless due to the improvement in the management of the extracerebral melanoma the SVR treatment may be an option in patients with BM immunotherapy with antictla cytotoxic tlymphocyteassociated protein ipilimumab or braf serinethreonineprotein kinase braf inhibitors vemurafenib dabrafenib has shown tau in the management of BM in a or paucisymptomatic patients studies are ongoing with antipd programmed cell death and combinations of targeted therapies associating antiraf raf protooncogene serinethreonine kinase and antimek mitogenactivated protein MEKK1 | MEDAL |
temple universitys office of CME and affiliated institutions implemented the continuing education systems project cesp in order to improve the SQ of cme as a result of the findings it is proposed that the cme unit be accepted and supported not merely as an adjunct educational service for physicians but as an agent of the hospitals organizational development accordingly the role of the cme unit is one of facilitator of change SF-36 as a system FB mechanism and coordinator of planned change it is suggested that community hospitals need to develop a cme unit capable of integrating the resources of the institution in order to meet organizational as well as individual and social needs this is of particular importance in the face of new federal interventions in the health care field which create the potential for conflicts between the physician and the hospital | MEDAL |
frontal gaits fg and PD gaits pg are common neurological gait abnormalities in older adults it may be difficult to distinguish these gaits as they share common clinical characteristics such as unsteadiness slowing and shuffling of communityresiding subjects in an aging T0 were diagnosed with fg and with pg at baseline clinical evaluations subjects with fg were older than subjects with pg vs years p as expected PD signs such as tremor and rigidity were associated with pg and FC PR signs with fg subjects with pg had more falls vs p they performed worse on a panel of executive function tests although the scores were significantly different only on the verbal fluency test vs p advancing age was associated with fg or ci but not pg or ci medical illnesses were not significantly associated with fg diabetes or ci strokes or ci and depression or ci were associated with pg despite similar gait characteristics fg may be distinguished from pg by associated clinical signs frequency of falls and the neuropsychological profile V1 risk AF and depression were strongly associated with pg and should be explored further | MEDAL |
tumor necrosis factoralphacachectin tnfalphacachectin lipopolysaccharide lps acth betaendorphin betaeph and cortisol f C2 were determined in HA patients patients were affected with migraine m and patients with chronic type tension headache ctth tnfalphacachectin serum level was detected in out of migraneous patients and in no ctth patients plasma lps was observed in out of tnfalphacachectin positive migraneous patients and in out of ctth patients a negative correlation was observed between tnfalphacachectin values and either acth or betaeph in the group of migraneous patients the presence of serum tnfalphacachectin showed a sensibility of and a specificity of the endocrine and immunological implications concerning these data are discussed | MEDAL |
lectins are a family of proteins that stimulate cellular responses after binding to carbohydrate chains on plasma membranes in the T0 described here a mixture of lectinspokeweed mitogen pkwwas shown to have insulinomimetic effects in mice after receiving pkw mgkg intraperitoneally ip SS gl declined from to mgdl by hours later anorexia developed and by days there was a significant decline in body weight carcass weights were lower and epididymal fat pad weights were lower when given for days pkw mgkg every other day caused a sustained WL severe combined immune deficiency scid mice were sensitive to pkw showing that b and t lymphocytes were not required for the effects to develop cytokine antagonists att the hypoglycemia and anorexia but only by further study showed that pkw has insulinlike effects in vitro glucose uptake was stimulated when murine cc myotubes were exposed to an enriched fraction of pkw these results demonstrated that pkw has both insulinlike activity and weightreducing effects when administered to mice the OD of therapy for AO diabetes or obesity based on lectins from pokeweed may be possible | MEDAL |
dilated cardiomyopathy is a feature of duchenne and becker muscular dystrophies and occasionally of sarcoglycanopathies its pathogenesis is unknown patients with myotonic dystrophy have an impairment of coronary smooth muscle and this could contribute to their cardiomyopathy we used positron emission tomography pet to T0 myocardial blood flow and CVR at baseline and during hyperemia in DMD becker and sarcoglycanopathy patients the T0 was normal in all becker patients in contrast baseline MBF was increased and coronary vasodilator reserve blunted in duchenne and sarcoglycanopathy patients despite normal hyperemic MBF the reduction of CVR was due to an increased baseline MBF in DD but not in sarcoglycanopathies correction for cardiac workload normalized the CVR in the latter patients abnormal baseline myocardial blood flow could be due to V1 smooth muscle dysfunction | MEDAL |
we have characterized the gene flowering promoting factor fpf which is expressed in apical meristems immediately after the photoperiodic induction of flowering in the longday plants mustard and arabidopsis in early transition stages expression is only detectable in the PZ of apical meristems however later on it can also be found in floral meristems and in axillary meristems that form secondary inflorescences the fpf gene encodes a kd protein that has no homology to any previously identified protein of known CF constitutive expression of the gene in arabidopsis under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus s promoter resulted in a dominant heritable trait of early flowering under both short and longday conditions treatments with GA ga and paclobutrazol a ga biosynthesis inhibitor as well as crosses with gadeficient mutants indicate that fpf is involved in a gadependent signaling pathway and modulates a ga response in apical meristems during the transition to flowering | MEDAL |
in acute in vivo exposure of rats to to ppm nitric oxide no by use of a small exposure chamber for a single rat the kinetic parameters of nitrosylhemoglobin hbno and methemoglobin methb formation were estimated with the aid of computer simulation on the basis of exp data the PSA and rheological injuries of erythrocytes were also examined the time course of hbno and methb formation in blood was compared with that simulated by a simplified kinetic MM the rate of methb formation from hbno was much faster than methb reduction to ferrous form and dissociation of hbno thus methb content was always greater than hbno content the activity of methb reduction decreased on exposure to a high concentration of no but the activity was recovered when rats were placed in clean air rheologically the BV was scarcely altered but a few undeformed cells were detected at high shear AS morphologically echinocytic transformation was observed to some extent biochemically the crosslinking of membrane proteins and the alteration of acyl chain composition of membrane phospholipids were ND in the in vivo exposure though the in vitro SE of rat erythrocytes to high concentrations of no revealed remarkable oxidative crosslinking among membrane proteins and hemoglobin in conclusion both for persistent methemoglobinemia and for membrane damage the maintenance of reductive activity in erythrocytes is the most important determinant factor for the protection of noinduced oxidative injury | MEDAL |
this article discusses the following three aspects of dialysis that are related primarily in that they deal with time ie the duration of dialysis treatments which is better long or short daily dialysis does everyone need long dialysis how does time affect the measurement of the dialysis dose as a working definition short implies the least time necessary to provide equilibrated ktv or doublepool ktv ektv of and remove intradialytic WG without PS this article makes the following statements regarding time on dialysis the duration of the dialysis treatment for daily dialysis has different effects on the removal of small and large molecules longer treatments are definitely indicated for some patients with poor compensation for rapid ultrafiltration short treatments with high rates of clearancevolume are associated with more postdialysis urea rebond it is therefore an advantage to express doses as equilibrated ktv | MEDAL |
LT clinical trials have shown that daily treatment with recombinant human deoxyribonuclease rhdnase in patients with mild to moderate cystic fibrosis cf improves lung CF and decreases the number of respiratory exacerbations the aim of this T0 was to analyze the effect of rhdnase on the bacterial colonization of the airways in children with cf | MEDAL |
FCU samples of men attending a clinic for GU medicine were screened with the leukocyte esterase dipstick test conventional microscopy of centrifuged sediment and inverted microscopy of unspun urine samples were performed hr later the leukocyte esterase test had sensitivities of and and specificities of and respectively when compared with the two microscopic methods the apparently low predictive value of the positive leukocyte esterase test was probably linked to its ability to detect lysed cells and the limitations of the microscopic methods which were used as the absolute indicator of nongonococcal urethritis of the patients with microscopic pyuria had positive cultures for CT trachomatis and the leukocyte esterase test was positive in every case twentyone per cent of the c trachomatispositive patients were asymptomatic and had fewer than five polymorphonuclear leukocytes per highpower field x of the gramstained urethral smear the leukocyte esterase tesment network is apparently a local event not dependent on the slow transport of cytoskeletal materials to the tip of the proximal stump the repair of the degraded cytoskeleton may be in accordance with the CF of the endoplasmic reticulum as casequestering membrane system which may be involved in restoring the physiological conditions of the axoplasm | MEDAL |
the present study describes the effects of starvation for a duration of four months on the ultrastructure of skeletal muscles from the marine flatfish pleuronectes platessa l starvation is associated with a decrease in resting VO2 from to mg okgh p less than and muscle wasting median fibre size fell from micrometer to micrometer in intermediate fast oxidative and from micrometer to micrometer in starved white fastglycolytic muscle fibres in contrast median fibre size in red slow oxidative muscle remained within the range micrometer the fraction of red fibre volume occupied by myofibrils and mitochondria did not change significantly with starvation there was however a decrease in stored lipid to and an alteration in the structure of the cristae in mitochondria from red muscle atrophy of white muscle fibres is associated with a decrease in both the diameter and fractional volume occupied by myofibrils to p less than in a high proportion of white MF peripheral degeneration of zdiscs is evident causing an unravelling of the thin filament lattice it is suggested that this allows a partial decrease in myofibril diameter and hence the maintenance of contractile CF in muscle from starved fish in severely degenerating white fibres disorganised thick and thin filaments and numerous multimembrane lysosomelike LDV are observed starvation results in an increase in the average content of mitochondria in WG fibres from to p less than in fed plaice mitochondria constitute less than of the volume of the WG fibre in of the fibres the proportion of white fibres containing more than mitochondria increases from to with starvation | MEDAL |
although increasingly accepted in treatment of the n neck use of selective neck dissection in patients with nodepositive squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck remains controversial | MEDAL |
the time has come for emergency contraception it is highly underused worldwide and especially in the united states where patient and physician awareness remain low there are several highly effective welltolerated methods that can be used to prevent undesired pregnancy after unprotected intercourse this article discusses these methods their method of action effectiveness safety and tolerability | MEDAL |
we reviewed all japanese DH dh patients reported over the last years the maletofemale ratio was the mean age at onset was and years earlier for female patients more than half of these japanese dh patients showed granular iga deposition in the papillary dermis and another onethird showed fibrillar iga deposition the male patients with granular iga deposition were years older than those with fibrillar deposition whereas patients with granular iga deposition showed typical distribution of the skin lesions the predilection CS of dh tended to be spared in patients with fibrillar iga deposition only patients had definite glutensensitive enteropathy there was a statistical difference in the frequency of human leukocyte antigen hladr between the granular group and controls among japanese no patients had hladq or dq which is frequently found in caucasian dh patients the absence of hladqdq the inability to identify celiac disease in most cases the predominance of fibrillar iga and the unusual CSD of clinical lesions in japanese patients suggest that japanese dh may be a subset of dh patients and have a pathogenesis which is different from that currently proposed in caucasian dh patients | MEDAL |
we evaluated the neurodevelopmental status and cognitive ability of schoolage children with marfan syndrome we found average intellectual mean full scale iq and gross motor development fifty percent had one or more neuropsychologic deficits learning disability ld attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity add h neuromaturational immaturity nmi and a performance iq score different from their verbal score by more than points patients with a large verbalperformance discrepancy with one exception scored lower on tests of performance and particularly low on two subtests object assembly and coding compared with the rest of the patients p less than the factor most highly correlated with verbalperformance discrepancy was the severity of joint hypermobility p which suggests that the depressed performance score was due in part to motor incoordination children with MFS may be prone to neuropsychologic problems the role of routine screening remains to be tested those with handwrist hypermobility seem at particular risk for difficulties with tasks that involve writing and should receive careful DUE in the classroom due to the high risk of aortic dilatation in these patients if stimulant medications are considered for treatment of add h the risk of adverse sympathomimetic effect should be weighed against the potential benefit | MEDAL |
the viral immediateearly protein ie is crucial for efficient replication of cytomegalovirus cmv a recent crystal structure of the ie protein from rhesus cmv revealed that the protein exhibits a novel fold and crystallizes in two slightly different dimeric arrangements molecular dynamics simulations and energetic analyses performed in this T0 show that both dimers are stable and allowed us to identify a common set of five residues that appear particularly important for dimer formation these residues are distributed over the entire dimer interface and do not form a typical hot spot for protein interactions in addition the dimer interface of ie proved to include a high portion of hydrophilic interactions pointing toward the transient nature of dimer formation characterization of monomeric and dimeric ie revealed three sequentially discontinuous dynamic domains that exhibit correlated motion within the domain and are simultaneously anticorrelated to the adjacent domains the hinge motions observed between the dynamic domains increase the shape complementarity to the coiledcoil region of tripartite motif proteins suggesting that the detected dynamics of ie might be physiologically important by enabling a better interaction with its cellular target molecules | MEDAL |
btype natriuretic peptide bnp is a regulatory autacoid in the rat myocardium whose functions play significant roles in health and disease previous work has identified that bnp protect myocardium through mitochondrial pathwaydependent mechanism against ischemiareperfusion ir injury mitochondria are both essential effectors of cardioprotection and primary targets of cardioprotective signaling in particular mitochondrial channel are activated to act as the major determinants of cell life and death since the discovery of mitochondrial calcium uniporter mcu mcu has been its contribution to cardiomyocytes under specific physiological or pathological conditions the role of mitochondria and mcu in mediating reperfusioninduced heart injury is a novel investigative area in addition the relationship of bnp with mcu in cardiomyocytes undergoing reperfuison is unclear in this study we used cultured CM to investigate the effect of bnp on mcu during reperfusion the wellcharacterized pathological process of heart diseases our results demonstrated that treatment with bnp protected cardiomyocytes from apoptosis against ir injury further investigation of underlying mechanisms revealed that bnp could partly prevent opening of mitochondrial calcium uniporter during ir and these mechanisms were associated with bnpattenuated dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential deltapsim generation of reactive oxygen species ros bnp also increased the level of Bcl-2 bcl protein decreased the expressionss of this T0 were to describe medicationstorage practice in a sample of patients receiving MMT mmt and to identify factors associated with safe storage | MEDAL |
many heme enzymes show remarkable versatility and atypical kinetics the fungal extracellular enzyme chloroperoxidase cpo characterizes a variety of one and two electron redox reactions in the presence of hydroperoxides a structural counterpart found in rat microsomal cytochrome p cyp uses molecular oxygen plus nadph for the oxidative metabolism predominantly hydroxylation of ATP in conjunction with a redox partner enzyme cytochrome p reductase in this study we employ the two abovementioned hemethiolate proteins to probe the reaction kinetics and mechanism of heme enzymes hitherto a ATP inhibition MM based upon nonproductive binding of substrate twosite MM was used to account for the inhibition of reaction at higher ATP concentrations for the cyp reaction systems herein the observation of substrate inhibition is shown for both peroxide and final ATP in cpo catalyzed peroxidations further analogy is drawn in the steady state kinetics of cpo and cyp reaction systems new exp observations and analyses indicate that a scheme of competing reactions involving primary product with enzyme or other reaction componentsintermediates is relevant in such complex reaction mixtures the presence of nonselective reactive intermediates affords alternate reaction routes at various substrateproduct concentrations thereby leading to a lowered detectable concentration of the product of interest in the reaction milieu occams razor favors the new hypothesis with the new hypothesis as foundation a new biphasic treatment to analyze the kinetics is put forth we also introduce a key concept of ATP concentration at maximum observed rate the new treatment affords a more acceptable fit for observable exp kinetic data of heme redox enzymes | MEDAL |
hepatitis b virus hbv is a well known agent of acute and chronic SH CL cirrhosis and HCC carcinoma around million people worldwide carrier of hbv of which more than million reside in asia and million people have died from it it has a partially doublestranded dna having kb genome size and replicate via reverse transcription of rna intermediate in the NK PH or during the antiviral therapy of chronic hbv infection SC from hbeag to antihbeag is usually accompanied by a decrease in viral replication and remission of liver disease based on genomic sequence data hbv is classified into eight genotypes ah and four L1 serotypes ayw ayr adw and adr on the basis of CR genome and s gene sequence analysis genotypes and serotypes are useful tools in understanding the epidemiology of hbv infection hbv genotypes have distinct geographical distributions the hbv SCV appear during hbeag SC and they bring mutations in the precore region pc that prevent hbeag synthesis another common hbeag variant is the basal core promoter mutant bcp characterized by point mutation in the promoter of both hbeag mrna and core protein mrna the most frequent core promoter mutation is the double at and ga nucleotide exchange which results in a substantial decrease in hbeag expression but enhanced viral genome replication the approved antiviral drugs such as interferon lamivudine adefovir dipivoxil entecavir and telbivudine for purpose of treating chronic hbv infection is to prevent or stop the progression of CL injury by suppressing viral replication or eliminating infection sustained losses of viral markers of AS viral replication hbeag and hbv dna are the standard end point of the therapies | MEDAL |
sri lanka has an exemplary record in maternal and child health care provision of free education for over years has helped to empower women medical care is accessible and provided free of charge the maternal mortality ratio and the other indices of maternal and neonatal health have shown uninterrupted improvement since midwives and the policy to increase their presence has been the key to success public health midwives provide care at the doorstep institutional midwives carry out the vast majority of deliveries of which occur in hospitals although on target with the millennium OD goals some challenges that still remain are maternal death from PPH and unsafe abortion and perinatal deaths due to congenital abnormalities and prematurity | MEDAL |
haemopoietic stem cell transplantation hsct is an important intervention for malignant and nonmalignant blood diseases however hsct is also associated with considerable morbidity and mortality some of which may be related to iron overload levels of serum iron are elevated in patients undergoing hsct as a result of disturbed iron metabolism pretransplantation blood transfusions or cytotoxic therapy for conditioning before hsct the complications of iron overload in hsct patients include infections mucositis chronic MLD fibrosis progression sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and IPS iron overload has an adverse impact on survival in patients undergoing hsct for betathalassaemia major or haematological HM including MDS syndromes it has been suggested that all candidates for and all survivors of hsct should be screened for iron overload at various time points before and T3 transplantation few studies of iron chelation therapy T3 hsct have been reported but one small T0 has indicated that deferoxamine is at least as ERP as phlebotomy in reducing posttransplantation iron overload in patients with betathalassaemia L1 the new oral chelator deferasirox may be better tolerated than phlebotomy or deferoxamine infusion and two prospective phase ii studies in patients with iron overload T3 hsct are now recruiting candidates | MEDAL |
WM impairments are frequent in attention deficithyperactivity disorder adhd and create problems along numerous functional dimensions the present T0 utilized the visual serial addition task vsat and functional magnetic resonance imaging fmri to explore WM processes in thirteen TD td control and thirteen children with adhd combined type analysis of variance anova was used to examine both main effects and interactions working memoryspecific activity was found in td children in the BL prefrontal cortex in contrast the withingroup map in adhd did not reveal any workingmemory specific regions main effects of condition suggested that the right middle FC gyrus ba and the RA precuneus were engaged by both CG during WM processing group differences were driven by significantly greater nonworking memoryspecific activation in the adhd relative to td group in the BL insula extending into basal ganglia and the medial prefrontal cortex a region of interest analysis revealed a region in left middle frontal gyrus that was more active during working memory in td controls thus only the td group appeared to display working memorymodulated BB activation in conclusion children with adhd demonstrated reduced WM task TPS BB activation in comparison to their peers these data suggest inefficiency in PET recruitment by individuals with adhd represented by a poor match between task demands and AGA C2 of BB activity | MEDAL |
an rat for threelevel anterior C2 discectomy and fusion was established in the goat twentyone goats underwent surgery with seven goats in each of three exp groups in GI all seven goats underwent threelevel anterior cervical discectomy without F0 in group ii each of the seven goats had a threelevel discectomy with AB performed according to the smithrobinson technique in group iii freshfrozen allograft bone was used for each of the threelevel discectomy and fusion each goat was then killed T3 weeks analysis consisted of radiographic review fluorochrome labeling biomechanical rigidity and flexion and extension axial compressive load and torsion histologic analysis was also performed for evidence of F0 and vertebral body histomorphometric analysis the analysis of results showed that radiographic union was judged to have occurred in of group i disc spaces of group ii disc spaces and of group iii disc spaces histologic fusion was judged to have occurred in of GI goats of group ii goats and of group iii goats the histologic F0 rate was significantly higher in group ii than either GI or group iii biomechanically the spines that had autogenous bone grafting group ii were significantly stiffer in compressive axial load and in extension both group ii and group iii were stiffer in flexion than GI an DUE of the periendplate vascularity showed that the vascularity measured in group i in group ii and in group iiiabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
fully understanding the biology of AMD amd is central to our ability to control and manipulate its environmental impact although genomics and biogeochemical methods are relatively well established in the field their combination with highresolution imaging of intact members of microbial biofilm communities has not yet reached its full potential here we used threedimensional d cryogenic electron tomography to determine the size and ultrastructure of IN arman cells a novel ultrasmall archaeon and sought evidence for their interactions with other members of its community within acid mine drainage biofilms apparently freeliving arman cells from a deeply branched archaeal lineage have volumes of microm mean approximately microm only approximately ribosomes yet are frequent hosts for replicating viruses organization within the periplasm and partitioning of ribosomes to the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane may be AF in size minimization most cells contain enigmatic tubular structures of unknow percolation thresholds the underlying structure of the nonrandom part of the modelie the set of spins filling up a given lattice l of dimension d and interacting through a fixed coupling j is exactly taken into account when j or the smallworld effect gives rise as is known to a secondorder phase transition that takes place independently of the dimension d and of the added random connectivity c when j a different and novel scenario emerges in which besides a spinglass transition multiple first and secondorder phase EMT may take place as immediate analytical applications we analyze the vianabray model d the onedimensional chain d and the spherical model for arbitrary d | MEDAL |
to estimate the prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction mgd in the japanese population | MEDAL |
nacetylglucosaminephosphate uridyltransferase glmu a bifunctional enzyme involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis is exclusive to prokaryotes glmu now recognized as a promising target to develop new antibacterial drugs catalyzes two key reactions acetyl transfer and uridyl transfer at two independent domains hitherto we identified glmu from mycobacterium tuberculosis glmumtb to be unique in possessing a residue extension at the c terminus here we present the crystal structures of glmumtb in complex with substratesproducts bound at the AT active site analysis of these and mutational data allow us to infer a catalytic mechanism operative in glmumtb in this sn reaction his and asn act as catalytic residues by enhancing the nucleophilicity of the attacking amino group of glucosamine phosphate ser and trp provide important interactions for ATP binding a short helix at the cterminal extension uniquely found in mycobacterial glmu provides the highly conserved trp for ATP IB importantly the structures reveal an uncommon mode of acetylcoa IB in glmumtb we term this the u conformation which is distinct from the l conformation seen in the available nonmycobacterial glmu structures residues likely determining ul conformation were identified and their importance was evaluated in addition we identified that the primary site for pknbmediated phosphorylation is thr near the acetyltransferase AS site downregulation of acetyltransferase activity upon thr phosphorylation is rationalized by the structures presented here overall this work provides an insight into substrate recognition catalytic mechanism for acetyl transfer and features unique to glmumtb which may be exploited for the OD of inhibitors TPS to glmu | MEDAL |
air combat maneuver acceleration g profiles with onsetoffset patterns that occur faster than the response characteristics of the human cardiovascular system may lead to RII instability and ultimately accelerationinduced loss of consciousness gloc incidents we have developed an acute rat that simulates the hemodynamic situations seen under acceleration to T0 the effects of complex g environments on individual reflexogenic areas this preparation allowed us to individually isolate the effects of high gravity on VR and cardiac preload arterial baroreflexes and splanchnic capacity this report describes the preparation and presents examples of the types of gz simulations possible and recordings of the responses of the animals further we tested the hypothesis that the volume of blood displaced from the cephalic regions of the circulation and the rate of displacement into the splanchnic capacitance with g ON is affected by distending pressure at the carotidaortic baroreceptor sites early results from dogs show that resistance to flow into the splanchnic beds is affected by changes in distending pressure occurring at arterial baroreceptor sites when pressure distending the carotidaortic baroreceptors was increased resistance to flow into the abdominal V1 beds was decreased this result suggests that sudden increases in gz loads occurring during the OS phase from a previous gpeak may result in reduced tolerance | MEDAL |
more than of bladder tumors are diagnosed as bladder transitional cell carcinoma and the majority of these lesions are diagnosed as SF papillary lesions stage pta t recurrences are common to SF tumors and few lesions will progress to a higher grade andor stage and muscle invasion thus diagnosing CA at an early stage predicting whether a tumor will recur andor progress and identification of novel targets for CA intervention become the main focus of TCC research the purpose of this article is to briefly review what has been accomplished to date by using proteomic technology in order to develop a new strategy to resolve the problems of early PCD recurrence or therapeutic intervention | MEDAL |
the potential risk of hiv infection following human bite although epidemiologically insignificant but it is biologically possible there are anecdotal reports of hiv transmission by human bites particularly if saliva is mixed with blood the oral tissues support hiv replication and may serve as a previously unrecognized hiv reservoir the hiv infected individuals have more viruses in blood than saliva possibly due to the potent hivinhibitory properties of saliva the case presented here is of a primary hiv infections following a human bite where in the saliva was not blood stained but it got smeared on a raw nail bed of a recipient the blood and saliva of the source and blood of the recipient showed a detectable viral load with sequence homology of cv region of hiv gp between the two individuals the recipient did not receive pep post exposure prophylaxis as his FP was unaware of salivary transmission the family physician should have taken pep decision after proper DUE of the severe and one bite hence it is necessary to treat the hiv infected human bites with post exposure prophylaxis | MEDAL |
in spite of the progresses of knowledge and care pressure sores continue to be a clinically relevant problem a double blind randomised controlled trial was organised to assess the efficacy of triticum vulgaris fitostimoline vs PL in the reepithelisation of superficial pressure sores patients with stage npuap ii or SF pressure sores with an expected survival of more than months and eligible for a followup up to weeks were included over a period of years in clinical CS the protocol was approved by local ethical committees and IC was obtained before randomisation medications were performed by nurses if the patient was hospitalised and by nurses or properly instructed caregivers at home weekly followup controls were assumed by nurses out of the randomised patients were included in the analyses the two CG are comparable for the main characteristics except for norton scale mean values less severe in the group assigned to AS treatment vs the mean followup was of and weeks with a mean duration of and days for the EG and controls respectively seventysix patients in the treatment group and controls and had their lesions reepithelized adjusting results for age initial norton and push scores there are no differences between treated and controls or ic this multicentre T0 sponsored by a research group of nurses failed to support the hypothesis that WGA the active component of the product fitostimoline given on top of recommended treatment provides a TPS therapeutic advantage in terms of frequency and timing of reepithelization in SF pressure sores | MEDAL |
i report here a theoretical T0 of the dependence on ambient pressure of heat and mass water vapour rate transfer processes between the human body and its gaseous surroundings for monocomponent gases n o he andor diatomic gas mixtures heo no heat and water vapour rate transport are described by the following rate transfer parameters the convective heat transfer coefficient hc the evaporative heat transfer coefficient he and the Le relationship lr it is shown that the thermal stability of the human body under hyperbaric conditions is proportional to the evaporative resistance it is also shown that in a he atmosphere the change in the thermal state caused by a heat load of w x m at sea level is equivalent to the effect of a heat flow of w x m at ATA this indicates that the thermal state of the body is more prone to instability at increasing ambient pressures | MEDAL |
widely accepted neural firing and synaptic potentiation rules specify a crossdependence of the two processes which evolving on different timescales have been separated for analytic purposes concealing essential dynamics here the morphology of the firing rates process modulated by synaptic potentiation is shown to be described by a discrete iteration map in the form of a thresholded polynomial given initial synaptic weights a firing activity is triggered by conductance elementary dynamic modes are defined by fixed points cycles and saddles of the map building blocks of the underlying firing code showing parameterdependent multiplicity of real polynomial roots the map is proved to be noninvertible the incidence of chaos is then implied by the parameterdependent existence of snapback repellers the highly patterned geometric and statistical structures of the associated chaotic attractors suggest that these attractors are an integral part of the neural code it further suggests the chaotic attractor as a natural mechanism for statistical encoding and temporal multiplexing of neural information the analytic findings are supported by simulation | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 was to investigate the effect of sk phevalproilephethrtryglygluleuglnargleuglnglulysglu argasnlysglyglnhse a new motilin analogue on gastrointestinal motility and transit in dogs with postoperative ileus and to compare the effects of this agent on these parameters with the effects of prostaglandin falpha a wellknown gastroprokinetic agent we used chronically implanted force transducers to measure motility and radiography of radioopaque markers to measure transit infusion of sk microgramkgh for min twice a day induced interdigestive migrating contractionslike motility infusion of prostaglandin falpha microgramkgh for h twice a day induced continuous contractions in the distal part of the small intestine the time of first appearance of interdigestive migrating contractions in the stomach gastricinterdigestive migrating contractions and the gastric emptying time of the solid marker with the administration of sk were significantly less than those noted with the administration of prostaglandin falpha it appears that gastricinterdigestive migrating contractions play an important role in the transit of substances especially solid substances in the gastrointestinal tract we conclude that sk which induced gastricinterdigestive migrating contractions is effective to induce early REC from postoperative ileus | MEDAL |
the objective of this analysis was to compare the costeffectiveness of clinicbased MMT mmt and officebased buprenorphine maintenance therapy bmt from the perspective of thirdparty payers in the united states the authors used a markov costeffectiveness model a hypothetical cohort of AD opioiddependent patients was modeled over a year time horizon patients were allowed to transition between the health states of in opioid dependence treatment and either abusing or not abusing opioids or to have dropped out of treatment probabilities were derived from randomized PCTs comparing MTD and buprenorphine costs included drug and administration clinic visits and therapy sessions effectiveness outcomes examined were PR in the treatment program and opioid abusefree weeks for PR in treatment at year mmt was more costly vs and more ERP vs than bmt resulting in an incremental costeffectiveness ratio icer of per additional patient retained in treatment mmt was also more ERP than bmt in terms of opioid abusefree weeks vs weeks resulting in an icer of per opioid abusefree week gained oneway sensitivity analyses found costs per week of mmt to have the largest impact on the retentionintreatment outcome whereas the probability of dropping out with mmt had the greatest impact on opioid abusefree weeks the authors conclude that mmt is costeffective compared with bmt for the treatment of patients with opioid dependence however the treatment of substance abuse is complex and decision makers should also consider individual patient characteristics when making coverage decisions | MEDAL |
we have evaluated the use of an acoustic gas analyzer aga for the measurement of TLC tlc by singlebreath helium dilution the aga has a rapid response time response ms for he is linear for helium concentration of is SD over a wide range of ambient temperatures and is small and portable we plotted the output of the aga vs expired lung volume after a vital capacity breath of he however since the aga is CS to changes in speed of sound relative to air the aga SO signal also reports an artifact due to AM gases we QTc for this artifact by replotting a singlebreath expiration after a vital capacity breath of room air mean alveolar helium concentration hea was then measured by planimetry using this AM gas curve as the base line tlc was calculated using the hea from the QTc aga output and compared with tlc calculated from hea simultaneously measured using a mass spectrometer ms in normal subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd tlcaga and tlcms were compared by LR analysis rho coefficient r was for normals and for copd patients p less than this singlebreath estimation of tlc using the corrected signal of the aga vs expired volume seems ideally suited for the measurement of subdivisions of lung volume in field studies | MEDAL |
the preferential adsorption of the protonated form of weak bases by montmorillonite causes an increase in the pkeff of atrazine the effect on the acidbase equilibrium of atrazine is related to the exchangeable cation on the surface of montmorillonite the greatest effect was produced by the presence of hydroxypropylammoniumsaturated montmorillonite which caused the pkeff of atrazine to increase units to this shift in pkeff causes the protonated form of atrazine to be the predominate species in the ph range encountered in the gi tract and should result in a high degree of adsorption of atrazine fractionbound studies confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating virtually complete absorption of atrazine by hydroxypropylammoniumsaturated montmorillonite up to ph the fractionbound studies also verified that protonated atrazine is adsorbed more CR by hydroxypropylammoniumsaturated montmorillonite than by bentonite usp or sodiumsaturated MMT it is believed that saturation of the clay surface by an organic cation alters the surface environment of the clay which results in enhanced adsorption of the protonated form of atrazine the potential utility of MMT saturated with an organic cation as an adsorbent for the emergency treatment of poisoning by weak bases is suggested | MEDAL |
in a wideranging look at many aspects of health care financing and delivery the concepts of glasnost and perestroika are used as a framework for presenting ideas from the american system that may have value for EU health care planners these include more uniform approaches to data collection and cost reporting patient outcome studies evaluation of service and access standards publication of information quality assurance review decentralization and independent institutions prepaid group practice demonstrations and experiments and managed competition suggestions are offered for making health care systems on both sides of the atlantic more manageable efficient and responsive | MEDAL |
central venous catheter cvc tip and blood cultures are generally used to diagnose a catheterrelated infection such methodology does not confirm the presence of bacterial colonisation on parts of cvcs other than the cvc tip in order to assess the extent of bacterial colonisation catheters were examined in detail from patients admitted to intensive ECU swabs from the lumen at several sites hub indwelling and nonindwelling were cultured and the intraluminal surface of the device subjected to SEM microscopy sem bacteria were detected on five out of catheters and bacterial contamination of cvcs was common in the hub area of the device deposits crystallisation that differed from bacterial colonisation or biofilm were observed on the intraluminal surface of used cvcs sem showed bacteria firmly anchored to the deposits exp flow studies demonstrated that deposits were more likely to appear after exposure to solutions such as total parenteral nutrition rather than DW these deposits facilitated bacterial colonisation times more than cvcs free from deposits | MEDAL |
an unusual presentation of a granular cell tumor is reported with a review of the NK history and pathologic characteristics of this RT our patient was asymptomatic and presented with a mass in the inferior RA neck on routine physical examination preoperative radiologic DUE suggested a parathyroid adenoma but the normal parathormone level was inconsistent with this diagnosis at surgery a firm mass was identified VPI to the right lobe of the TG and was found to represent a granular cell RT densely Ad to the tr this case demonstrates a unique presentation for this relatively rare neoplasm which was treated with CR surgical resection | MEDAL |
the effect of ventilation normo hypo and HV on transverse sinus pressure tsp CVP cvp MAP blood pressure mabp and heart rate was studied in patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment in the sitting position for PT of the posterior fossa and the findings were compared with the influence of positive end expiratory pressure peep on these parameters tsp was not influenced significantly by peep ranging from to mbar whereas cvp increased at the same time mabp decreased slightly in contrast tsp showed characteristic changes with varying ventilation during normoventilation end expiratory co pressure peco mm hg tsp was mm hg and increased to mm hg on average with hypoventilation peco mm hg whereas hyperventilation peco mm hg caused a reduction in tsp to the atmospheric range at the same time cvp remained unchanged whereas mabp increased with hypoventilation presuming that the risk of venous PAE is closely related to the level of tsp our results allow the following conclusions peep does not seem to be effective in preventing venous air embolism hyperventilation is dangerous in the sitting position as tsp is reduced to the atmospheric and even subatmospheric range to prevent air embolism moderate hypoventilation is recommended during the most critical period of exposing the PF followed by normoventilation when surgery of the actual lesion has begun | MEDAL |
we have prepared and studied seventeen thin films ranging in composition from pure silver to pure magnesium fluoride using mass thicknesses based on quartz crystal oscillators and physical thicknesses obtained from a stylus profilometer we have measured the void volume fraction of the films as a function of their composition we have shown the agmgf system to be capable of incorporating a high volume fraction of voids we report on the results of EM studies of the films which show the dependence of film microstructure on composition thickness and the nature of its substrate | MEDAL |
the number cardiac transplantation has been dramatically increasing for the last year and the results are satisfactory regarding survival or functional capacity the observed increase of CT may tend to vulgarize it however this intervention should be only considered in a selected group of patients who have no other option many reports concerned various technical RPA for a clearcut determination of high and low risk population of patients with CHF but considering individual patients the value of each prognostic parameter remains unresolved nevertheless the more discriminant parameters for the prognosis assessment are the left ventricular ejection fraction the nyha class right heart catheterization data the functional capacity the cardiothoracic ratio on chest x ray the ICM etiology of the disease the role of neurohormonal determinant such as norepinephrine circulating concentration or cardiac uptake on mibg imaging should be further investigated especially for patients treated by ace inhibitors or beta blockers contraindications for CT are less restrictive nowadays concerning patients selected and waiting for heart transplantation or patients non primary selected survival can be improved by adjusting medical therapy on objective efficacy criteria | MEDAL |
adolescence is a time period in OD when the BB undergoes substantial CR in response to the environment to determine whether a stressful experience during adolescence affects AD behavior we exposed adolescent male and female cblj mice to chronic unpredictable AS cus for days starting at postnatal day pnd we also exposed AD male and female mice to cus for days beginning at pnd to determine whether adolescence is a sensitive time period when stress can have longlasting effects on behavior regardless of when mice were exposed to stress they were all tested exactly days later in the marble burying task elevated zero maze acoustic startle response and forced swim test adolescent stress SE increased anxietylike behaviors in adult male and female mice and decreased acoustic startle response in a sexdependent manner however adult AS exposure did not change anxiety or response to an acoustic tone in AD male or female mice as compared with nonstressed animals of interest increased depressionlike SMB in the forced swim test was observed in all mice regardless of when the AS occurred gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of corticotropin releasing factor receptor crfr in the amygdala of males subjected to cus during adolescence but not in males that experienced cus during adulthood in contrast females regardless of when they were exposed to cus were not affected these data support clinical evidence suggesting that earlylife stress may predispose individuals to increased anxiety and depression later in life | MEDAL |
in a previous T0 we showed that healthy highly hypnotizable subjects during the suggestion of a moderately unpleasant situation po in awake conditions exhibited a sympathetic response greatly att with respect to nonhypnotizable individuals this was interpreted as a NK protection of hypnotizable subjects against the cardiovascular effects of cognitive stress aim of the present T0 was to investigate whether the hypnotic trait is able to modulate the autonomic and cerebral activities also in TPS phobic awake hypnotizable highs and nonhypnotizable lows subjects electroencephalogram electrooculogram electromiogram of corrugator muscle electrocardiogram respirogram and tonic electrodermal activity were recorded during a guided mental imagery of an animal phobic object phobic stimulation induced in both groups the rise of heart and respiratory frequency and the lowering of skin resistance these changes are less pronounced in highs than in lows and are sustained by a different modulation of the sympathovagal balance during phobic stimulation both CG exhibited a similar significant increase of eeg gamma RP at variance significant stimulationrelated decrements of alpha theta and theta activities were found only in highs that exhibited similar changes during the control and phobic stimulation results suggest that hypnotizability is able to modulate cerebral and autonomic responses also in specific phobic subjects however the presence of a TPS phobia attenuates the effectiveness of hypnotizability as a protective factor against possible stressrelated cardiac illness | MEDAL |
oolong tea is one of the most popular beverages due to the presence of significant amount of catechins experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of girdling treatment on levels of catechins in fresh tea leaf related to quality of the huang zhi xiang oolong tea camellia sinensis the variations in the C2 of catechins in fresh tea leaf and the SQ score qs of the huang zhi xiang oolong tea were examined the study demonstrated that girdling treatment increased significantly the C2 of EC epigallocatechin epigallocatechin gallate ECG total catechins simple catechin and catechin gallate present in fresh leaf of tea trees furthermore the girdling treatment improved significantly the SQ of the huang zhi xiang oolong tea thus it was suggested that application of girdling treatment could be an ERP agronomic practice to increase the SQ of huang zhi xiang oolong tea | MEDAL |
alveolar epithelial cells are among the first cells to encounter inhaled particles or organisms these cells likely participate in the initiation and modulation of the inflammatory response by production of chemokines however there is little information on the extent or regulation of chemokine production by these cells rat ATII were studied under differentiated and dedifferentiated conditions to determine their ability to express and secrete cxc chemokines both differentiated and dedifferentiated type ii cells secreted mip mcp and cinc in response to a cytokine mixture of ilbeta tnfalpha and Th1 or to ilbeta alone the cytokine mixture also induced inos expression and nitrite secretion both differentiated and dedifferentiated ATII expressed cinc gro cincalpha cinc mip and mcp mrna and their expression was increased by the cytokine mixture or by ilbeta alone however cincbeta a splice variant of cinc was only expressed under differentiated conditions stimulated by kgf and was not increased by the CM or by ilbeta in situ hybridization of normal lung and lung instilled with adkgf demonstrated that cincbeta was expressed by AM and bronchiolar epithelial cells in vivo we conclude that cincbeta is regulated differently from most other chemokines and that its expression is related to the state of ATII cell differentiation | MEDAL |
the focal hepatic lesion caused by local injection of absolute alcohol in rats was evaluated with ultrasonic contrast agent and pathologic examination twenty AD WR weighing about g were injected with absolute alcohol ml each one on the exterior left lobe of the CL under the monitoring of ultrasound pulse inversion harmonic imaging was used to evaluate the focal lesion after bolus injection of US contrast agent ml g through caudal vein seven days later the focal lesion was studied again as before the exterior left lobe of liver with focal lesion was incised and underwent pathologic examination the results showed that all of the focal lesions could be defined clearly T3 bolus injection of the US contrast agent under the mode of PP inversion HI there was good rho between the size of the focal lesion measured by ultrasound on the th day after the ablation under the mode of PP inversion HI and that gotten by pathologic examination p the focus size measured by ultrasound RA after the ablation was larger than that gotten by pathologic examination p it was concluded that ultrasonic contrast agent plus PP inversion HI could be used to assess the size of the focal hepatic lesion caused by local i.t. of absolute alcohol in rats | MEDAL |
a case has been described where cytologic examination first showed a fungus infection as the possible cause of a nipple discharge of long duration the discharge was found to be associated with pityrosporum orbiculare micrococcus tetragenes and staphylococci coagulase negative administration of an antibiotic that inhibited the bacteria cured the condition | MEDAL |
C1 i.a. wall viscosity reduces the efficiency of heartvessel coupling the aim of the present T0 was to assess pulmonary artery wall viscosity through comparison of the static dst and dynamic distensibility ddyn of the vessel wall right pulmonary artery pressure and diameter was measured in patients and eight healthy volunteers ddyn was calculated as the relative NC in EDD induced by the pressure pulse and dst as the relative NC in mean diameter induced by the change in mean pressure during steadystate exercise dst did not differ significantly from ddyn meansd versus mmhg as tested by paired ttest and analysis of covariance with age as covariant EDD increased whereas dst and ddyn decreased as a CF of age r and respectively p for both ddyn did not change from rest to exercise in spite of a bpm increase in cardiac frequency pulmonary artery wall viscosity was negligible and no increase in wall viscosity occurred during cardioacceleration | MEDAL |
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