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pulmonary rehabilitation is an essential component of care for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd and is supported by strong scientific evidence despite this many people with copd do not CR their program or choose not to attend at all the aim of this T0 was to determine the factors associated with uptake and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation for people with copd seven electronic databases were searched for qualitative or quantitative studies that documented AF associated with uptake and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation in people with copd two reviewers independently extracted data which was synthesized to provide overall themes travel and transport were consistently identified as barriers to both uptake and completion a lack of perceived benefit of pulmonary rehabilitation also influenced both uptake and completion the only demographic features that consistently predicted noncompletion were being a current smoker pooled odds ratio confidence interval to and depression the limited data available regarding barriers to uptake indicated that disruption to usual routine influence of the referring doctor and program timing were important in conclusion poor access to transport and lack of perceived benefit affect uptake of pulmonary rehabilitation current smokers and patienficiency of medical diagnosis and to expedite the delivery of proper medical treatment
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a crosssectional sample of singleton and twin confinements delivered in western australia in were randomly sampled in of the women responded to a postal questionnaire thirteen percent of respondents with singletons and of those with twins reported having problems conceiving at some stage in their life six percent of those who had singleton confinements and of those women who had twin confinements sought fertility advice prior to the conception of the index pregnancy one percent ci of women with singletons received infertility treatment compared with ci of those with twins overall ci of twin confinements followed spontaneous conception ci followed ovarian stimulation treatment CT and ci followed ivf or gift procedures the probability of a spontaneous twin confinement was in it was concluded that nearly twice as many twin pregnancies were associated with ovarian stimulation treatment given CT than with ivf and gift combined the routinely collected data about assisted twin conceptions provide an incomplete picture with regard to the role of different infertility treatment modalities
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CGRP-LI cgrp is a neuropeptide with potent cardiovascular effects that include positive inotropic and chronotropic actions SVR vasodilation and hypotension in animals and in man the mechanism of action of cgrp is still however not clear and in particular it is not known whether vasodilation by cgrp occurs by changes in cutaneous or in muscular blood flow or both the aim of the study was therefore to evaluate the cutaneous and muscular blood flow at rest and after ischemic test induced by an iv bolus micrograms human cgrp infusion in healthy normotensive volunteers using a strain gauge plethysmographic procedure with VO human cgrp provoked a transient but significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure associated with tachycardia marked flushing a significant increase in PNA adrenaline and cyclic amp levels and a slight but significant decrease in serum total calcium moreover a significant increase in the carpal cutaneous blood flow at rest was observed with no significant change in the lower extremity muscular blood flow at rest and T3 ischemic test finally human cgrp produced a significant increase in the A-V partial o pressure and in the hematocrit and a significant decrease in the venous partial co pressure the results of the present T0 confirm the acute cardiovascular and metabolic effects of cgrp in fact hypotension ART flushing and the increased cutaneous blood flow indicate a systemic vasodilation by the neuropeptide with a secondary sympathetic response as documented by the augmented catecholamine and cAMP plasma C2
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the syndrome of CP abnormal AS test and nonflow limiting coronary i.a. disease cad is common and is attributed to coronary microvascular disease µvd it is associated with increased hospital admissions and health care costs but its impact on LTS is not known of the consecutive patients who had an exercise stress test for evaluation of chest pain between may and july had both a positive stress test and a CAG within year of their stress test forming the T0 cohort significant angiographic cad defined as ⥠stenosis of an Epi PD or ⥠stenosis of the left main coronary i.a. was present in patients rest n were considered to have coronary µvd compared with patients with significant epicardial cad patients with coronary µvd were younger ± vs ± years p and had lower left ventricular wall thickness p systolic blood pressure bp p PP SBP with exercise p and PP with exercise p those with coronary µvd had a better survival compared with those with significant Epi cad but worse than that expected for age and gendermatched population p coronary µvd as a cause of CP and positive stress test is common allcause mortality in patients with coronary µvd is worse than in an age and gendermatched population control but better than those with significant epicardial cad
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apotexvirus hosta virus x hvxkr causing mosaic and mottle PS was isolated from hosta plants hosta spp in korea the terminal nucleotides excluding the poly a tail were determined and shown to include the partial viral replicase triple gene block tgb kda tgb kda tgb kda and kda CP cp and the nontranslated region ntr typical of potexviruses the cp gene of the type isolate of hvx hvxu was amplified by rtpcr and its nucleotide CS was determined the cps of hvxkr and hvxu had and MZ amino acids and nucleotides respectively most of the regions of the genome hvx had over nucleotide identical to other sequenced potexviruses this is the first report of CS information of hvx and molecular evidence supporting the virus as a distinct species of the genus potexvirus
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mertk a TrkA protein expressed by the retinal pigment epithelium rpe is mutated in both rodent models and humans affected by retinal disease this T0 reports a survey of families for mertk mutations and describes the phenotype exhibited by one family
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curschmanns spirals were found in smears and cell block preparations of five spontaneously occurring pleural and peritoneal fluids the spirals were similar to those seen in the respiratory tract although generally much smaller in three of the five cases the fluids also contained mucussecreting adenocarcinoma cells it is postulated that the spirals formed from mucus secreted by these cells in the other two cases there was evidence of serosal inflammation it is suggested tt period required
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BG what role should previous cesarean section play in affecting clinical pregnancy outcomes and avoiding the complications of in vitro fertilization in this article we focus on elective singleembryo transfer eset versus doubleembryo transfer det and assess the clinical efficacy and safety of eset in patients who have a previous cesarean scar material and methods the pregnancy delivery and neonatal outcomes of patients who had a previous cesarean scar and received in vitro fertilizationembryo transfer ivfet were retrospectively analyzed the number of transferred embryos was chosen depending on patients desire after acknowledging all benefits and risks including eset eset group n and det det group n a total of patients with previous vaginal delivery receiving ivfet in the same period were included as a control group results the pregnancy rates multiple birth rates abortion rates ectopic PRs gestational age at delivery PTB rates neonatal birth weight and takehome baby rates were similar between the previous cesarean section group and the previous VD group a previous cesarean section scar did not affect embryo implantation and pregnancy outcomes in ivf in the eset and det CG of previous cesarean section patients the embryo implantation rates PRs abortion rates and takehome baby rates were similar however the rate of multiple pregnancies reached in the det group which led to more preterm births and lower birth weight conclusions elective singleembryo transfer is a wellaccepted strategy to avoid multiple pregnancies and improve the obstetric and neonatal outcomes of singleton pregnancy in ivf patients with a previous cesarean section
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we have recently reported that transformation of murine nih t cells by vfos oncogene interfered with hsp and hsp accumulation T3 heat shock here we have investigated the effect mediated by other oncogenes on the accumulation of these SPs we report that tantigen transformation of nih t cells delayed and reduced the accumulation of hsp after heat shock and decreased the heatmediated phosphorylation of this protein this decreased level of hsp correlated with a reduced accumulation of the corresponding mrna and was related to tantigen level in contrast tantigen had no effect on the expression of the major AS protein hsp nor did it interfere with the level of hsp or hsp we report also that vsrc or haras oncogenes delayed hsp accumulation T3 heat shock but that only vsrc reduced the heatinduced phosphorylation of this protein vsrc but not haras interfered with hsp expression and none of these oncogenes had an effect on hsp or hsp C2 taken together these observations suggest that an altered accumulation of hsp after heat shock is a common characteristic of nih t fibroblasts transformed by different oncogenes
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we tested the hypothesis that the variable PET properties of rat versus guinea pig hearts are due to differences in intracellular ca handling NF isolated from rats and guinea pigs were perfused with PS and isovolumic left ventricular PLV as well as coronary perfusion pressure were recorded simultaneously with ca transients from aequorinloaded cells guinea pig hearts developed less lv pressure than rat NF and the time to peak pressure was prolonged by at similar heart rates diastolic and systolic levels of myoplasmic ca were approximately the same in both species at normal external ca concentration mm however at low ca concentration mm guinea pig NF maintained a higher level of myoplasmic ca than rat NF and the relative depression of lv systolic pressure was less guinea pig NF also exhibited higher resistance to the negative inotropic effect of caffeine and did not respond to increments in perfusion pressure with increases in lvdeveloped pressure and systolic ca levels as did rat hearts these contrasting findings with regard to intracellular ca handling may be attributed to a different organization of the ionic transport system with higher dependence of rat cardiomyocytes on normal CF of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
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the onestep nucleic acid amplification osna CA is a molecular procedure that can identify deposits of breast CA bc cells in the sentinel CL node sln we examined the consistency of the osna CA with a classic hematoxylineosin hebased immunohistochemistry ihc T0 and evaluated how osnabased axillary staging might impact the therapeutic management of bc patients sln biopsy results were considered to be positive in patients in the osna group n and in patients in the ihc cohort n p there was no difference in the macrometastasis for osna for he p or micrometastasis for osna for he p rates but we found statistically significant differences in the number of isolated RT cells for osna for he p there were no differences in the administration rate of adjuvant SVR therapy between the osna in the sln patients and the he in the sln patients groups p the osna CA allows for the PCD of sln metastases more precisely than conventional pathologic methods but does not alter the therapeutic management of sln bc patients
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temporal artery biopsy tab is performed in suspected cases of sightthreatening GCA gca we aimed to determine the feasibility of tab in patients who are suspected of having gca
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compound fractures of the lower limb with skin and bone loss are difficult repair problems especially in multiple level injuries with bone loss between and cms the deep circumflex iliac artery dcia flap is usually the flap of choice in reconstruction the aim is to carry out microvascular anastomosis of the flap vessels to vessels on the damaged leg however this may be difficult or even impossible experience of crossleg dcia flaps is outlined with indications and surgical technique the longterm bone healing is compared with cases with anastomosis based on the same leg there appears to be no difference in callus formation and remodelling of bone indicating that despite subsequently dividing the original main vascular supply the bone in the dcia flap remains vascularized and behaves as such
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studies were carried out on the treatment of wastewater from a bulk drug industry using an anaerobic fixed film reactor affr designed and fabricated in the laboratory the chemical oxygen demand cod and TDS tds of the wastewater were found to be very high with low biochemical oxygen demand bod to cod ratio and high total suspended solid tss concentration acclimatization of seed consortia and startup of the reactor was carried out by directly using the wastewater which resulted in reducing the period of startup to days the reactor was studied at different organic loading rates olr and it was found that the optimum olr was kg codmday the wastewater under investigation which had a considerable quantity of ss was treated anaerobically without any pretreatment cod and bod of the reactor outlet wastewater were monitored and at steady state and optimum olr of cod and of bod were removed the reactor was subjected to organic shock loads at two different olr and the reaction could withstand the shocks and performance could be restored to normalcy at that olr the results obtained indicated that affr could be used efficiently for the treatment of wastewater from a bulk drug industry having high cod tds and tss
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currently environmental enrichment is a very common means of improving animal wellbeing especially for laboratory animals although EE seems to be a possible way for improving the wellbeing of animals the consideration of housing laboratory animals should not only focus solely on animal wellbeing manpower and economics but also on the precision and accuracy of the experimental results the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of EC cages nest box nesting material climbing bar on body weight haematological data and final organ weights balbc B6 and aj mice originated from harlan winkelmann were used for the experiments animals of each CS animals at weeks of age were marked and separated randomly to enriched or nonenriched cages in CG of four half for each housing condition both cages were type iii makrolon cages only the enriched cages contained a nest box a wood bar for climbing and nesting material animals were kept in a clean animal room under specific pathogen free spf conditions body weights were recorded every week blood samples were collected at weeks of age WBCs wbc red blood cells rbc haemoglobin hgb and haematocrit hct were analysed at weeks of age the animals were euthanized by co in their home cages and final body weight and organ weights heart liver kidney adrenal spleen and uterus were recorded immediately although nearly all the test variables were not affected by EE in their mean values the EC group showed higher coefficients of variation in many variables and CS differences of both housing conditions were not consistent the influences of enrichment were shown to be strain and testdependent such effects may lead to an increase in the number of animals which is necessary or may NC the exp results especially when a study using enriched housing conditions focuses on CS differences since the same enrichment design can result in different influences a positive or a negative or no adverse effect due to the CS and the variables studied researchers need to collect more information before enrichment designs are introduced into exp plans
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the involvement of dopamine receptors in the amnesic effects of the endogenous microopioid receptor agonists endomorphins and was investigated by observing stepdown type PAL in mice although the dopamine d receptor agonist rphenyltetrahydrohbenzazepinediol hydrochloride rskf and mgkg the dopamine d receptor antagonist rchlorohydroxymethylphenyltetrahydrohbenzazepine hydrochloride rsch and microgkg or the dopamine d receptor agonist nnphenethylnpropylethylphydroxyphenylethylamine ru and mgkg had no significant effects on the endomorphin microg or endomorphin microginduced decrease in stepdown RL of PA learning sulpiride mgkg a dopamine d receptor antagonist significantly reversed the decrease in SDL evoked by endomorphin microg but not by endomorphin microg taken together it is likely that stimulation of dopamine d receptors results in the endomorphinbut not endomorphininduced impairment of passive avoidance learning
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dysphagia is a common complaint of patients seen by otolaryngologists C2 osteophytes have been widely reported as a cause of dysphagia recently forestiers disease vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis has also been identified as a cause of dysphagia two patients had dysphagia due to forestiers disease their barium esophagograms demonstrated narrowing of the esophagus due to the vertebral osteophytes and their computed tomographic scans show the extent of the osteophyte deformity
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in the rabbit NG ctype fibre neurones c neurones can be divided into two subtypes according to their afterhyperpolarizing potential ahp ie those with a fast ahp only and those with a fast ahp and a subsequent slow ahp produced by a slow calciumdependent potassium current in addition we have shown that some c neurones can be divided into two CG according to the effect of membrane hyperpolarization on their spikes ie type in which duration and amplitude do not NC and type in which duration and amplitude decrease significantly in the present report we studied the effect of acurrent ia on spike duration amplitude and slow ahp using intracellular recording techniques to detect the presence of ia we first applied a series of increasing rectangular hyperpolarizing pulses to remove ia inactivation and then a short ON pulse to trigger a spike in type c neurones the lag time of the spike in relation to hyperpolarization remains constant whereas in type c neurones the spike only appears after ia inactivation and lag time in relation to hyperpolarization is lengthened thus type c neurones have an ia while type c neurones do not the fact that addition of cadmium did not change the lag time in type c neurones shows that the ia is not calcium dependent nodose neurones can be orthodromically activated by stimulation of the vagal IP process in this way after a hyperpolarizing pulse ia can be fully activated by the orthodromic spike itself under these conditions it is possible to analyse the effects of ia on the spike this was done by increasing either the hyperpolarizing potential pulse duration or the delay of the spike after the end of the pulse we observed that maximum ia inactivation removal was always associated with the lowest duration and amplitude of the spike when ia inhibitors aminopyridine ap or catechol were applied to type c neurones the delay of the spike after the hyperpolarizationdepolarization test was no longer observed in addition ap abolished the shortening of the duration of the spike induced by steady hyperpolarization in type c neurones with slow ahp the iarelated decrease in spike duration was associated with a disappearance of the slow ahp this indicates that ia decreases the calcium influx during the spikeabstract truncated at words
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repeated SE to morphine leads to the addiction which influences its clinical application seriously the glutamatergic projection from prefrontal SC pfc to the nucleus accumbens nac plays an important role in rewarding effects it is still unknown whether morphine SE changes pfcnac synaptic transmission to address this question in vivo field excitatory postsynaptic potentials fepsps induced by electric stimulating pfcnac projection SF were recorded to evaluate the effect of acute morphine SE mgkg sc on glutamatergic synaptic transmission in nac shell of repeated salinemorphine pretreated rats it was showed that acute morphine exposure enhanced fepsp amplitude and reduced pairedpulse ratio ppr in saline pretreated rats which could be reversed by following naloxone injection mgkg ip an opiate receptor antagonist however repeated morphine pretreatment significantly inhibited both the enhancement of fepsp amplitude and reduction of ppr induced by acute morphine SE those results indicate that the initial morphine exposure enhances pfcnac synaptic transmission by presynaptic mechanisms whereas morphine i.c.v. occludes this effect
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in this study we retrospectively investigated the prevalence of arterioportal ap shunts in hepatocellular carcinoma hcc patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis pvtt and evaluated the changes in ap shunts T3 CE followed by EBRT ebrt
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a preliminary clinical T0 of ultrasound transmission computed tomography of the breast utctb was undertaken to evaluate its capacity in the PCD of breast abnormalities and to establish criteria for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions only patients with palpable andor mammographically evident lesions were selected for T0 complete analysis was accomplished in cases visual and computer interpretations of reconstructed utctb scans were based on changes in speed of sound wave transmission and attenuation between the suspicious area and the surrounding tissue in the computeraided classification discriminant functions were derived to predict the presence or absence of carcinoma visual analysis was subject to a low sensitivity the presence of high speed transmission within a lesion usually indicated malignancy although the converse was not true computeraided preliminary screening of utctb scans by a trained technician may have the potential of contributing to interpretation accuracy however this finding must be highly qualified given the methodologic constraints of the T0
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some studies showed that asians with obstructive sleep apnea osa are thinner than caucasians because obesity is a L1 risk factor for osa it was concluded that asians are predisposed to osa however body fat composition varies for a same body mass index bmi according to ethnicity we firstly compared anthropometric characteristics symptoms and associated disorders in all consecutive male japanese descendants and WG males with osa referred for polysomnography in a second analysis all japanese descendants were compared to a subgroup of white males matched for apneahypopnea index and age in the first analysis age symptoms osa severity and comorbidities were similar among japanese descendants n and white patients n however japanese descendants had a lower bmi than white patients vs kgm respectively p in the second analysis japanese descendants had a lower bmi than WG patients p multiple linear regression considering the entire group revealed that age bmi NC epworth sleepiness scale ethnicity and rem sleep were independent predictors for apneahypopnea index p ethnicity was no longer significantly associated with osa severity when we adopted the world health organization criteria for obesity or and kgm among japanese descendants and WG males respectively japanese descendants with osa have a lower bmi than white subjects of similar severity however ethnicity was not associated with osa severity when an ethnical difference in obesity criteria was respected our data suggest that japanese descendants are not predisposed to osa
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different industrial processes exist to purify allogenic bone providing safe and cleaned blocks for bone allografting however they often make use of chemical reagents that can be aggressive for the bone matrix bone samples were processed with several soaking techniques used in industry nahco ho naoh and honaoh combined the consequences on the ABM and cytocompoatibility were evaluated on FA heads from osteoarthritic patients alterations of matrix were searched by histochemistry atomic force microscopy afm scanning electron microscopy sem and transmission electron microscopy tem cytocompatibility was evaluated by coculturing human osteoblastlike cells saos on bone slices collagen SF were dramatically altered at the surface of bone treated with ho naoh and their association but not with nahco a marked reduction in the number of hydroxyapatite crystals was observed on the trabecular surfaces by tem and morphological changes were evidenced in sem and afm argyrophilic proteins of the bone matrix were removed by ho and naoh and their association but not by nahco as a consequence attachment spreading proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of saos were reduced by ho and naoh treatments strong oxidizing reagents altered matrix integrity by modifying collagenous and noncollagenous proteins whether these changes have clinical consequences on the bone bonding and osseointegration in human necessitate further investigations
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VAD remains one of the worlds major public health problems despite food fortification and supplements strategies biofortification of staple crops with enhanced C2 of provitamin a pva offers a sustainable alternative strategy to both food fortification and supplementation as a proof of concept pvabiofortified transgenic cavendish bananas were generated and field trialed in australia with the aim of achieving a target level of μgg of dry weight dw βcarotene equivalent βce in the fruit expression of a fei bananaderived phytoene synthase a mtpsya gene resulted in the generation of lines with pva levels exceeding the target level with one L1 reaching μgg dw βce expression of the maize phytoene synthase zmpsy gene used to develop golden rice also resulted in increased fruit pva levels although many lines displayed undesirable phenotypes constitutive expression of either Tg with the maize polyubiquitin promoter increased pva accumulation from the earliest stage of fruit OD in contrast pva accumulation was restricted to the late stages of fruit development when either the banana aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase or the expansin promoters were used to drive the same transgenes wildtype plants with the longest fruit OD time had also the highest fruit pva concentrations the results from this study suggest that early activation of the ratelimiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and extended fruit maturation time are essential factors to achieve optimal pva concentrations in banana fruit
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a reversed phase system for the hplc separation of antipyrine and its primary metabolites is described based on this system an assay procedure for AP in plasma and saliva was developed with a lowest measurable concentration of ngml and precision of and respectively furthermore assays for the parent compound hydroxymethylantipyrine norantipyrine and 4-OHA in urine were developed the lowest measurable concentration for these compounds is about ngml except for HMA with a lowest measurable concentration of about ngml the precision was established at and for hydroxymethylantipyrine and AP respectively and and for norantipyrine and 4-OHA respectively the method was applied to studies on antipyrine metabolism in humans following administration of a single dose of mg AP to healthy volunteers of the dose was recovered from hour hydrolyzed urine as unchanged drug as HMA as norantipyrine and as hydroxyantipyrine
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the changes in protein content of pea cotyledons have been followed during the period from to days after flowering initially protein content increased gradually with a rapid period of deposition occurring between days and T3 flowering T3 the th day the rate of accumulation of protein declined as the seed dehydrated and matured at maturity the pea cotyledon contained approximately protein which was divided into albumins and globulins in the ratio of analytical data and the incorporation of exogenously supplied cleucine indicated that albumins were synthesized early in cotyledon development whereas globulin synthesis predominated with increasing maturityribosomal preparations extracted from seeds during the period of rapid protein synthesis contained a high percentage of polysomes preparations from older cotyledons with a declining capacity for protein synthesis had few polysomes and an abundance of monosomes the amino acidincorporating capacity of ribosomal preparations from cotyledons of varying age was related to the polysomic content the phenylalanineincorporating capacity of ribosomal S9 from mature pea seed could be stimulated by the addition of polyuridylic acid the distribution of polysomes and the in vitro incorporation data suggested that protein synthesis could be partially restricted by the availability of messenger rna at maturityhowever reciprocal mixing experiments of supernatant and ribosomal fractions from cotyledons of different developmental age indicated that the supernatant fractions have varying capacities to stimulate in vitro CAA incorporation thus the possibility of the regulation of protein synthesis at the translational level was not precluded
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the performance of a secondgeneration rapid agglutination kit slidex staph plus ssp biomérieux was compared to those of the slidex staph ss biomérieux staphaurex srx murex diagnostics and bbl staphyloslide bbl becton dickinson kits by using clinical isolates composed of methicillinsensitive staphylococcus aureus mssa organisms methicillinresistant s aureus mrsa organisms and nons aureus staphylococcus spp of the isolates tested were fresh clinical isolates with the remainder taken from five different freezer collections all four agglutination tests had comparable sensitivities for mssa and mrsa however the ss kit was significantly less specific than the three other tests p mcnemar test these results demonstrate that the new rapid LA kit ssp was more TPS for the identification of s aureus than the previous version and performed comparably to the srx and bbl kits
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this paper describes experiments showing the importance of the HFA chain length on the barrier properties of liposomal bilayers prepared from saturated lecithins under conditions of lateral phase separation above the gel to LC phase transition temperature liposomes prepared from saturated lecithins with or more carbon atoms per acyl chain exist as stable bilayers which are practically impermeable to ions at temperatures well above the transition temperature dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes exhibited osmotic shrinkage which was dependent on the ionic size of the solute used to bring about the osmotic gradient indicating that the permeation through these less stable bilayers takes place mainly via individual DWI of the permeating ions an enhanced PR of trapped potassium from liposomes was demonstrated in the vicinity of the transition temperature the extent of the increase however depended strongly on the length of the paraffin chain from measurements of the shrinkage behaviour of liposomes in the vicinity of the transition temperature it is concluded that the increased permeability decreases with increasing diameter of the permeating ion this finding implies that the increased permeability at the transition temperature cannot be ascribed to macroscopic rupture of the liposomal membrane the maximum permeability in the vicinity of the tc is discussed in terms of probability and size CSD of statistical pore formation at the boundaries of liquid and solid domains
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to evaluate the usefulness of RF myringotomy rfm and the closure time of the myringotomy site in comparison to incisional myringotomy im
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this T0 was designed to compare differences in the incidence of contrastinduced nephropathy cin and changes in serum creatinine scr level following isoosmolar iodixanol or lowosmolar ioversol administration in diabetic patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention pci a number of studies have indicated that iodixanol reduces the risk of cin in patients with renal impairment with or without diabetes diabetic patients may have some degree of renal dysfunction despite having a normal scr level
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much progress has been made in designing heme and dinuclear nonheme iron enzymes in contrast engineering mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes is lagging even though these enzymes belong to a large class that catalyzes quite diverse reactions herein we report spectroscopic and xray crystallographic studies of feiime azurin az by replacing the axial met and cuii in wildtype azurin wtaz with glu and feii respectively in contrast to the redox inactive feiiwtaz the feiimeaz mutant can be readily Ox by naircl and interestingly the protein exhibits superoxide scavenging activity mössbauer and epr spectroscopies along with xray structural comparisons revealed similarities and differences between feiimeaz feiiwtaz and superoxide reductase sor and allowed design of the F2 mutant feiimemkaz that exhibits increased superoxide scavenging activity by orders of magnitude this finding demonstrates the importance of noncovalent secondary coordination sphere interactions in finetuning enzymatic activity
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this T0 was carried out to investigate the possible contribution of endogenous prostaglandin pg production to failure of contractile REC following reperfusion of hypoperfused isolated rat NF a reduction in coronary flow rate for min resulted in a timedependent depression of CF and an elevation in resting tension reperfusion produced a slight approximately recovery of CF whereas resting tension remained elevated reperfusion was a potent stimulus for pg as assessed by ketopgf alpha PR and resulted in levels that were significantly higher than those observed prior to ischemia when pg synthesis was inhibited by the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ibuprofen indomethacin or acetylsalicylic acid asa recovery of VVI +dP/dt on reperfusion was significantly higher than that seen in the absence of drugs ibuprofen was the most ERP producing an average REC of p less than from control indomethacin and asa produced approximately a p less than and p less than REC of contractile force respectively the improved REC in +dP/dt was significantly depressed by the addition of low concentrations of prostacyclin pgi and pgf alpha whereas pge and PGI2 the hydrolysis product of pgi were ineffective the effects on RT were inconsistent pg PR during reperfusion was unrelated either to the length of the initial period of reduced CF or the degree of contractile REC it was att either by a reduction in or by an elevation of ca concentration these results indicate that endogenous pgs mediate at least in part reperfusionassociated failure of ventricular function
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adenosine ade mgkg ip inhibited the ability of peripheral leukocytes and peritoneal macrophages in phagocytosing the staphylococcus albus with htdr incorporation in mice declined the hemolytic ability of plaqueforming cells and the production of antibody in mice immunized by sheep erythrocytes ade mgkg ip decreased the mouse SS muramidase lysozyme concentration dipyridamole dip mgkg ip attenuated the effects of ade mgkg on humoral immunity reaction but the nonspecific immunity was not attenuated these results showed that the uptake of ade may play an important role in the effects of ade on HI reaction aminophylline ami mgkg ip att the effects of ade mgkg on hemolytic ability of plaqueforming cells and the ability of IP leukocytes in phagocytosing staphylococcus albus these results suggested that the effects of ade on murine humoral and nonspecific immunity reaction were mediated by ade a receptor adr
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betainterferon ifnbeta is a valuable therapy for multiple sclerosis ms which is also ERP in the animal model of exp autoimmune encephalomyelitis eae however the accurate mechanisms to explain its antiinflammatory activity in the disease are not fully revealed available data support that t lymphocytes are among the main cell targets of ifnbeta we have found that in vitro anticd stimulation of uncommitted murine naïve TA under ifnbeta treatment results in skewing the t cell differentiation process towards the t phenotype in a prevention from apoptosis of naturally occurring cd t RII cells ntreg in correlation with an increase in bclxl expression and in a decrease of il expression beta of ntreg from the primary culture of naïve cd cells abolished the downregulation of il driven by ifnbeta what suggests the interaction between th and ntreg subsets experiments in eae induced in sjl mice showed in vivo evidence for the accumulation of spleen cdcdgitrfoxp cells after ifnbeta treatment on the other hand treated animals showed a striking decrease of il expression by IP cd cells th and mbpspecific spinal cord cells both the in vivo and in vitro results point out new targets through which ifnbeta could exert its therapeutic action
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recent studies have shown that nascent hematopoietic stem cells hscs derive directly from the VP aortic EC vae via endothelial to hematopoietic transition eht however whether eht initiates from a random or predetermined subpopulation of vae as well as the molecular mechanism underlying this process remain unclear we previously reported that different zebrafish stem cell leukemia scl isoforms are differentially required for hsc formation in the ventral wall of the DA however the exact stage at which these isoforms impact hsc OD was not defined here using in vivo timelapse imaging of scl isoformspecific reporter transgenic zebrafish lines we show that prior to eht sclβ is selectively expressed in hemogenic EC cells a unique subset of vae cells possessing hemogenic potential whereas sclα is expressed later in nascent hscs as they egress from vae cells in accordance with their expression lossoffunction studies coupled with in vivo imaging analysis reveal that sclβ acts earlier to specify hemogenic EC which is later transformed by runx into hscs our results also reveal a previously unexpected role of sclα in maintaining newly born hscs in the aortagonadsmesonephros thus our data suggest that a defined hemogenic endothelial population preset by sclβ supports the deterministic emergence of hscs and unravel the cellular mechanisms by which scl isoforms regulate hsc development
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promising biomaterial characteristics of diamondcoatings in biomedicine have been described in the literature however there is a lack of knowledge about implant osseointegration of this surface modification compared to the currently used sandblasted acidetched tialv implants the aim of this T0 was to investigate the osseointegration of microwave plasmachemicalvapour deposition mwpcvd diamondcoated tialv dental implants after healing periods of and months twentyfour mwpcvd diamondcoated and uncoated dental titaniumalloy implants ankylos® were placed in the FC skull of eight AD domestic pigs to evaluate the effects of the nanostructured surfaces on bone formation a histomorphometric analysis was performed T3 and months of implant healing histomorphometry analysed the bonetoimplant contact bic no significant difference in bic for the diamondcoated implants in comparison to REF implants could be observed for both healing periods SEM microscopy revealed an adequate interface between the bone and the diamond surface no delamination or particledissociation due to shearing forces could be detected in this T0 diamondcoated dental titaniumalloy implants and sandblasted acidetched implants showed a comparable degree of osseointegration
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tau gene has been consistently associated with the risk of parkinson disease in recent genome wide association studies in addition alterations of the C2 of total tau phosphorylated tau p and amyloid beta in CSF fluid have been reported in patients with sporadic parkinson disease and asymptomatic carriers of leucinerich repeat kinase mutations in patterns that clearly differ from those typically described for patients with alzheimer disease to further determine the potential roles of these molecules in parkinson disease pathogenesis andor in tracking the disease progression especially at early stages the current T0 assessed all three proteins in parkinson disease patients enrolled in the datatop deprenyl and tocopherol antioxidative therapy of parkinsonism placebocontrolled CT the largest cohort to date with CSF collected longitudinally these initially drugnaive patients at early disease stages were clinically evaluated and CSF fluid was collected at baseline and then at endpoint defined as the time at which symptomatic antiparkinson disease medications were determined to be required GA linear models were used to test for associations between baseline CSF fluid biomarker C2 or their rates of change and changes in the unified parkinson disease rating scale total or part iii motor score over time robust associations among candidate markers are readily noted baseline C2 of amyloid beta were weakly but negatively correlated with baseline unified parkinson disease rating scale total scores baseline phosphorylated tautotal tau and phosphorylated tauamyloid beta were significantly and negatively correlated with the rates of the unified parkinson disease rating scale change while medications deprenyl andor TOC did not appear to alter biomarkers appreciably a weak but significant positive correlation between the rate of NC in total tau or total tauamyloid beta C2 and the change of the unified parkinson disease rating scale was observed notably these correlations did not appear to be influenced by apoe TT these results are one of the very first pieces of evidence suggesting that tau and amyloid beta are critically involved in early parkinson PD potentially by a different mechanism than that in alzheimer disease although their applications as parkinson disease progression markers will likely require the addition of other proteins
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previous singledose studies have shown clear blood pressurelowering effects of a potential sustained release sr profile of rilmenidine with concentrationdependent effects on the central NS the aim of this T0 was to evaluate potential changes in concentrationeffectrelationships for these CE nervous system effects during a week treatment period with an experimental sr formulation of rilmenidine mg once daily in mildtomoderate HT the central NS effects of the treatment were evaluated using saccadic eye movements for sedative effects and VAS scales for subjective effects on alertness mood and calmness measurements for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations were performed on the first day of the treatment period and repeated after week and weeks of treatment drug concentrations increased during the study whereas treatment related reductions in saccadic peak velocity spv remained similar on all three T0 days the slopes of the concentrationeffectcurves for spv remained unchanged throughout the study while the intercepts tended to increase as a result of increased predose values similar effects were observed for visual analogue scales for alertness predose values increased significantly during the study while the size of the treatment responses slopes remained unaltered the reasons for these adaptations cannot be determined but may include drug tolerance and habituations to study procedures blood pressure control remained SD and adequate throughout the T0
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cafe au lait macules calms respond variably to treatment with different lasers this T0 was done to determine whether the type of laser and the individual histologic features of the calms could predict clinical response to treatment nine calms were treated with both the frequencydoubled qswitched neodymium yag laser wavelength nm beam diameter mm and the qswitched ruby laser wavelength nm beam diameter mm both lasers were used at a fluence of jcm biopsy specimens of the calms were obtained before and T3 treatment clinical followup was done at and month intervals
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the work presents an analysis of results of surgical treatment of patients with stenosing cancer of the colon complicated by obturative obstruction in and megadolichocolon complicated by Tc stasis in for prophylaxis of pyoinflammatory complications a method of intraoperative closed decompression and intraluminal irrigation of the colon was developed without a wide dissection of the organ lumen and a new MM of an aspirationwashing device was designed for using the method the method of formation of flat end colostomy was modified it resulted in decreased frequency of postoperative pyoinflammatory complications from to
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surgery for the treatment of ZD was performed at our institution in a total of patients over years cervical myotomy with diverticulectomy was performed in of the patients and myotomy CT in mortality totaled with a reversible lesion of the recurrent nerve occurring in in of the cases investigated preoperatively n motility disorders of the upper esophageal sphincter ues could be demonstrated using manometry as well as with cineradiography in of the patients followup studies in of the cases months mean postprocedure indicated of the patients to be symptomfree with the remaining demonstrating a marked improvement postoperative manometry as well as cineradiography carried out in patients revealed the presence of ues motility dyscoordination in and respectively there were however no signs of recurrence of the diverticulum the high number of patients in our study group demonstrating motility disorders of the ues emphasizes the need for C2 myotomy as part of the surgical therapy for zenkers diverticulum
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due to the wide dissemination of bovine leukemia virus blv infection among dairy cattle control and eradication programs based on serological PCD of INF cattle and subsequent culling face a L1 economic task in argentina genetic selection of cattle carrying alleles of the bovine leukocyte antigen bola drb gene associated with blvinfection resistance like emerges as the best additional tool toward controlling virus spread a potential risk in expanding or segregating bola selected populations of cattle is that it might increase susceptibility to other common viruses special concern raises the strong association found between low proviral load and low antibody titer against major blv structural proteins this phenomenon might depend on host genetic factors influencing other viruses requiring unlike blv strong and longlasting humoral immune response to prevent infection in this T0 we demonstrate that there is no association among NT antibody titers against foot and mouth disease virus bovine viral diarrhea virus or BHV type and polymorphism of the bola drb gene conversely there is strong association between bola drb and low antibody titers against blv structural proteinsenv gp and gag pto date the best blv resistance marker there is also significant association between low antibody titers against gp and p and bola drb and low antibody titers against p and bola drb or our data suggest that increasing bolaselected blvresistant cattle or segregating bolaassociated alleles to blv susceptibility would not affect the resistance or the predisposition to bovine viral diarrhea virus bovine HHV-8 type or foot and mouth disease virus infection
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the onset of directed reaching demarks the emergence of a qualitatively new skill in this study we asked how intentional reaching arises from infants ongoing intrinsic movement dynamics and how first reaches become successively adapted to the task we observed infants weekly in a standard reaching task and identified the week of first armextended reach and the weeks before and after onset the infants first reached at ages ranging from to weeks and they used different strategies to get the toy infants whose spontaneous movements were large and vigorous damped down their fast forceful movements the quieter infants generated faster and more energetic movements to lift their arms the infants modulated reaches in taskappropriate ways in the weeks following ON reaching emerges when infants can intentionally adjust the force and compliance of the arm often using muscle coactivation these results suggest that the infant CE NS does not contain programsnd rats without ketonuria n all the exp animals had similar blood gl concentration hours after stzinjection and mg ml in rats with and without ketonuria respectively all stztreated rats showed significant alterations in the SVR hemodynamics one day poststz they included a slight hypotension a decrease in the total peripheral resistance tpr and an increase in the cardiac index ci and stroke volume sv compared to preinjection level rats with ketonuria showed more prominent decrease in tpr vs in rats without ketonuria p and more prominent increase in ci vs in rats without ketonuria p and sv vs in rats without ketonuria p in both exp CG the blood flow was significantly increased in the small intestine HR brain and kidneys compared to preinjection level additionally rats with ketonuria had increased blood flow in the skin and skeletal muscle by and mlming respectively p
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previous studies indicated that schwann cells in immature nerves express nerve growth factor ngf receptors and that this expression is down regulated during OD but reinduced by wallerian degeneration it was also shown that immature schwann cells are induced to express galactocerebroside and other molecules characteristic of mature SCs by either contact with an axon or treatment with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate camp analogues dibutyryl camp dbcamp and bromo camp or the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin in the present T0 ngf receptors on the surface of cultured SCs were demonstrated by binding of an antirat ngf receptor monoclonal antibody or of radioiodinated ngf treatment of cultured SCs with camp analogues or forskolin resulted in a progressive decrease in both immunoreactive ngf receptors and radioiodinated ngf binding the cultured schwann cells contained a polyadenylated rna species homologous with human melanoma ngf receptor mrna in CS and size the amount of this ngf mrna was lower in camp analoguetreated than in untreated schwann cells
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per and polyfluoroalkyl substances pfass used in food psi and stainresistant coatings are suspected developmental toxicants that are ubiquitous and persistent in the environment we measured plasma pfas concentrations during early pregnancy median weeks gestation among women in the bostonarea project viva cohort recruited during we used multivariable LR to estimate associations of sociodemographic and perinatal predictors including measures of pregnancy physiology albumin glomerular filtration rate gfr with logtransformed plasma pfas concentrations geometric mean concentrations for the four main pfass perfluorooctanesulfonate pfos perfluorooctanoate pfoa perfluorohexanesulfonate pfhxs and perfluorononanoate pfna were and ngml respectively comparable with general us population concentrations during those years higher early pregnancy pfas concentrations were associated with younger age except pfna less educational attainment nulliparity no PH of BF and higher prepregnancy body mass index in adjusted models in addition lower gfr was associated with higher pfas concentrations and higher albumin was associated with higher pfas concentrations our results show associations consistent parity and BF and less consistent age and education with previous studies we also report associations with gfr and Al which were strongly related to pfas concentrations and thus could confound estimates of pfasoutcome associations in epidemiologic studies
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the interaction between the anionic tetrakissulfonatophenylhhporphyrin tpps and cationic LDV formed by heptakisomegaaminoooligoethylene oxidehexylthiobetacyclodextrin sccdnh has been investigated in detail through a combination of elastic light scattering els quasielastic light scattering qels zeta potential measurements and timeresolved fluorescence anisotropy els experiments provided the first structural characterization of these cationic vesicles both in the absence and in the presence of tpps porphyrin modeling the system as a spherical particle described by a single thin shell form factor the structure of mixed heteroaggregates is modulated by charge and size of the two components as function of different porphyrincyclodextrin cd molar ratios at the limiting molar ratio studied the absolute value of zeta potential zeta mv seems to be a REF value for the formation of stable colloidal cd vesicular aggregates at thermodynamic equilibrium new insights on the structure of these heterotopic colloids have been obtained by analysis of rotational rho times at different molar ratios exploiting TR fluorescence anisotropy experiments at high porphyrin loads the anisotropy decays behave as monoexponentials and the rotational rho times ns together with the r values close to zero suggest the presence of small amounts of tpps embedded in a hydrophobic environment either in monomeric or in aggregated form at the lower porphyrincd molar ratios the anisotropy decays exhibit a doubleexponential SMB showing a predominant component with a slow rotational rho time ns and limiting anisotropy values of approximately this component has been assigned to molecules that are more stabilized onto the cd LDV that is porphyrins embedded into the oligoethylene wall of the cd LDV SNOM of the samples evaporated on glass surfaces gave further insights on the morphology and optical properties of these systems confirming the embedding of tpps on the vesicles and evidencing the role of the solvent
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the herpes simplex virus hsv icp immediateearly protein plays an essential role in the expression of viral late genes icp is a multifunctional protein and has been reported to regulate multiple steps of mrna synthesis and processing including transcription splicing and nuclear export recently icp was reported to interact with translation factors and to stimulate translation of the viral late mrna encoding vp we examined the effects of icp on accumulation nuclear export and translation of hsv hsv late mrnas encoding vp icp and gd we confirm here that icp stimulates translation of vp mrna as well as an additional hsv late icp mrna the data presented here demonstrate that translation C2 of both vp and icp mrna is reduced during infections with the icpnull virus mutant d and with icp cterminal deletion mutant viruses n and n compared to wildtype virus in contrast the translation of gd mrna is not affected by the presence of icp during infection these data demonstrate that icp functions to increase the translation C2 of asalt phases compared with the medium salt diet the high and low salt diets had no significant effect on the disposition of verapamil enantiomers moreover the abcb haplotypes did not alter the impact of dietary salt although abcb tttt subjects had slightly but not significantly higher cmax and area under the curve auc and lower tmax for the verapamil enantiomers than did ggcc subjects in each salt phase
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neuroblastomas are malignant embryonic PT and most are probably congenital in origin neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous neoplastic disease with respect to response to treatment and prognosis some of its clinical SMB is ascribed to the ability of the tumor to regress spontaneously SR of neuroblastoma is occasionally observed in young infants but occurs extremely rarely in older children this feature is in accordance with the concept t
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in the siberian hamster phodopus sungorus shortday photoperiods induce the winter phenotype which in males includes a decrease in the production of androgens and changes in physiology to inhibit reproduction MNs of the SNB snb and their target muscles the bulbocavernosus and the levator ani a NM system involved in male copulation also display seasonal plasticity in p sungorus it is not known whether the STDP seen in the snb system of gonadally IN hamsters is due to the effects of LD per se or to the photoperiodinduced changes in androgen production to answer this question we castrated adult male hamsters from long days and then implanted them with capsules containing either testosterone or blanks half of the hamsters from each hormone condition were moved into short LD h lightdark cycle while the rest were maintained under longday conditions h L/D cycle T3 weeks many measures of the snb system such as somata size and weight of target muscles responded only to androgen not to photoperiod however there were effects of LD on the NM junctions nmjs that were independent of androgen status for example the number of synaptic zones per nmj and the area of the nmjs were significantly increased by short days andor testosterone treatment the two factors exerted an additive rather than an interactive effect on these measures another striated muscle the extensor digitorum longus which is present in both sexes and plays no specialized role in reproduction displayed neither an effect of androgen nor of LD on fibre size or nmj structure these results suggest that in addition to androgenic effects on snb STDP there is also an androgenindependent effect of photoperiod on the snb neuromuscular system
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to determine whether testosterone replacement therapy reverses the detrimental effects of hypogonadism on BD we measured the total body LS and proximal femur bone mineral density bmd by DE xray absorptiometry in KS on longterm testosterone replacement therapy and compared the results with age and sexmatched NCs seven of the patients were receiving oral testosterone undecanoate thrice daily mgday and the others were having intramuscular TE injections once every weeks mginjection their ST levels were maintained within the normal limits nmoll we showed that patients on testosterone replacement had decreased amount of BD in the left FA neck when compared with the controls p similar decreases were also observed in the left wards triangle p and in the left trochanter p there were no significant differences in the total body and the LS measurements in these two groups of subjects no correlation was found between the bmd values of femur and the duration of testosterone treatment in the patients with klinefelters syndrome the type of testosterone treatment was also not associated with significant differences in bmd in conclusion sufficient testosterone replacement with currently available methods does not reverse the decrease in BMC associated with hypogonadism in patients with klinefelters syndrome
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to study the pathophysiological relation between type a behavioral pattern and coronary artery disease we analyzed the type a behavioral pattern SS triglycerides tg cholesterol tc high density lipoprotein cholesterol hdlc and txb ketopgf alpha in patients with PD disease and agesexmatched healthy subjects all of them had normal blood pressure the results showed type a behavioral pattern was more prevalent than type b behavioral pattern in coronary i.a. diseased patients and the reverse was true in the controlled subjects p tg tc and txbketopgf alpha ratio increased significantly in type a behavioral DP compared with type b behavioral patients but hdlctctg and the level of hdlc decreased significantly in the type a behavioral pattern than in the type b behavioral DP p the tg tc increased significantly and ketopgf alpha hdlc decreased significantly in the coronary artery diseased patients p however the ratio of txbketopgf alpha was inversely related to hdlctctg among the PD diseased patients the results of this crosssectional study suggest that PD disease is associated with type a behavioral DP through the metabolism of lipids and prostaglandins in various ways
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visual hallucinations are a core feature of DLB dlb and have been proposed as being part of a narcolepsylike rem sleep disorder selective loss of Thy hypocretinproducing SN is common to both narcolepsy and the spectrum ofn impaired recollection
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with the advent of nonradioactive labels in situ hybridization ish has become a useful technique for the PCD of viral dna in INF tissue mrna expression sex determination human gene mapping and interphase cytogenetics for chromosomal mapping of genes by ish labeled dna probe is hybridized to metaphase spreads if the label is a radioisotope the signal is detected by ARG nonradioactive labels such as biotin digoxigenin or acetylaminofluorene aaf are detected by immunocytochemistry aaf is incorporated by chemical modification of the dna probe biotin and digoxigenin are incorporated enzymatically by NT or by random primer extension although both can be incorporated by chemical modification in the authors laboratory biotin has been successfully used in mapping genes with probes of kb the method described here therefore applies to biotinlabeled probes although with minor modifications can be adapted to probes labeled by digoxigenin or aaf an example of chromosomal mapping of a unique sequence is shown in fig fig human chromosome spread probed with a biotdnylated βglobin probe there is a signal at band pl arrow on chromosome
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the swallowing patterns of four patients with oral cancer with intraoral palate reshapinglowering protheses were studied with and without their prostheses months postoperatively the prostheses resulted in improved swallow efficiency increased duration of tongue contact to the pharyngeal wall and improved speed of movement of the bolus from the valleculae to the pyriform sinus these results emphasize the effects of the tongue on the pharyngeal as well as oral stage of the swallow
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apoenzyme samples of AST aminotransferase aspat purified from the cytosolic fraction of pig heart were reconstituted with cpyridoxal phosphate pyridoxalp the c nmr spectra of aspat samples thus generated established the chemical shift of ppm for c of the coenzyme bound as an internal aldimine with lysine of the enzyme at ph in the absence of ligands the chemical shift of c was shown to be ph dependent shifting ppm upfield to a constant value of ppm above ph the resulting pka of in PA with spectrophotometric titrations the addition of the competitive inhibitor succinate to the internal aldimine raises the pka of the imine to consistent with the theory of charge NT in the AS site in the presence of saturating concentrations of methylaspartic acid the c signal of the coenzyme was shown to be invariant with ph and located at ppm midway between the observed chemical shifts of the protonated and unprotonated forms of the internal aldimine the intermediate chemical shift of the external aldimine complex is thought to reflect the observation of an equilibrium mixture composed of roughly equal populations of the protonated ketoenamine and a dipolar anion species corresponding to their respective spectral bands at and nm conversion to the pyridoxamine form was accomplished via reaction of the internal aldimine with lcysteinesulfinate or by reduction with sodium borohydride and the resulting c delta were identified by difference spectroscopy finally the L1 widths of the c resonance under the various conditions were measured and qualitatively compared the results are discussed in terms of the current mechanism and molecular models of the active site of aspat
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previous studies have analyzed the association between late versus early nephrologist referral lr er and poor clinical outcomes in patients with endstage renal disease we sought to determine whether these poor outcomes were causally related to lr or whether lr was a proxy for poorer access to health care in general an inception cohort of incident dialysis patients enrolled in the new jersey medicare or medicaid programs was identified using a C1 number of demographic clinical and health care utilization covariates propensity scores ps were then calculated to predict whether a given patient had been seen by a nephrologist at d before first dialysis cox proportional hazards models were then built to test the association between timing of nephrologist referral and mortality during the first year of dialysis using ps adjustment and matching to determine whether this association was confounded by other measures of reduced healthcare utilization neither adjustment for ps hr ci to nor matching hr ci to materially changed the initial excess mortality in lr compared with er patients hr ci to excess mortality among lr was limited to the first mo of dialysis hr ci to but not present thereafter hr ci to late nephrologist referral is an independent risk factor for early death on dialysis even T3 controlling for other indicators of healthcare utilization further research is needed to identify patients at particular risk so that interventions to prevent early deaths on dialysis in lr patients can be developed and tested
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based on the suboptimal research pathways that finally led to multicenter randomized clinical trials mrcts of treadmill training with partial body weight support and of robotic assistive devices strategically planned successive stages are proposed for pilot studies of novel rehabilitation interventions stage considerationofconcept studies drawn from animal experiments theories and observations delineate the experimental intervention in a small convenience sample of participants so the results must be interpreted with caution stage developmentofconcept pilots should optimize the components of the intervention settle on most AGA outcome measures and examine doseresponse effects a welldesigned study that reveals no tau should be published to counterweight the confirmation bias of positive trials stage demonstrationofconcept pilots can build out from what has been learned to test at least participants in each arm using random assignment and blinded outcome measures a control group should receive an AS practice MI aimed at the same primary outcome a third arm could receive a substantially larger dose of the experimental therapy or a combinational intervention if only site performed this trial a different investigative group should aim to reproduce positive outcomes based on the optimal dose of motor training stage studies ought to suggest an effect size of or higher so that approximately participants in each arm will be the number required to test for tau in a stage proofofconcept mrct by developing a consensus around acceptable and necessary practices for each stage similar to consort recommendations for the publication of phase iii clinical trials better quality pilot studies may move quickly into better designed and more successful mrcts of experimental interventions
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radiation therapy xrt was used in the treatment of patients with PT of the pineal and suprasellar locations a tissue diagnosis was obtained before xrt in patients and were irradiated without histologic verification the overall survival rate is with no evidence of disease ned megavoltage xrt was delivered to the entire neuraxis in patients and are alive from to months median months T3 treatment in two of three patients treated only to local fields RT recurred in the spine both are DOD biopsyproven germinomas and multiple midline PT responded favorably to xrt whereas solitary pineal tumors and teratomas with marker positivity human chorionic gonadotropin alphafetoprotein did not respond as well the endocrinologic presentation RT marker status and early response to radiation measured on computed tomography are useful means for selecting patients for radiation therapy
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thirty patients with mitral or aortic prostheses or both were examined using the PD technique combined with cross sectional echocardiography to study the applicability of the doppler technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of prosthetic dysfunction and to assess the ability of the mapping procedure to estimate the site and the size of the prosthetic defect the dysfunction was valvar regurgitation in instances and stenoses in eight all of which were confirmed by invasive procedures the severity of the dysfunction was graded on a three point scale a control group of subjects with normal prostheses also underwent PD and cross sectional echocardiography the PD T0 followed the usual procedure for a valvar disease including two and three dimensional mapping for regurgitation eight patients also underwent a continuous PWD examination the diagnostic reliability of the pulsed doppler technique was greater than or equal to the severity of the dysfunction was accurately assessed in of cases in the case of aortic regurgitation mapping of the jets was performed as easily for prostheses as for native regurgitant valves in the case of mitral regurgitation the mapping patterns depended on the cause of the dysfunction with valvar tears a jet was detected at the centre of the annulus and with paravalvar leaks eccentric atrial jets were seen opposite the site of the leak the PD and the surgical findings correlated well for both the site of the dysfunction patients and the size of the leak patients thus despite some limitations PD and particularly the mapping procedure provide sufficient information to give an accurate noninvasive assessment of prosthetic valve dysfunction
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this study was aimed to investigate the rho between mtor signaling transduction pathway and arsenic trioxide ato effect the expressions of pmtor pakt and ppsk in kdnr treated with ato for different time were detected by western blot the apoptosis rate ofly describes the application of IR spectroscopy technology in tobacco two methods for solving projection vector based on the principal component of nearinfrared spectrum are reported they are named as projection of basing on principal component and fisher criterion by principal component analysis method ppfpca for short and projection of basing on principal component and fisher criterion by solving eigenvalue ppfeig for short and they are studied and compared in the application and evaluation of the redrying model the result of the firstdimensional projection on kinds of tobacco leaf grading samples shows that the diversity of the firstdimensional projection values of interclass and intraclass by the ppfpca method is both larger than that by the ppfeig method and the mean absolute deviation of the mean projection values of interclass by the ppfpca method is about times that of the ppfeig method at the same time this result is interpreted by using the contribution rate of the firstdimensional projection values that is the contribution rate of firstdimensional projection values by the ppfpca method is while the contribution rate of firstdimensional projection values by the ppfeig method is the former is about times the later therefore the firstdimensional projection values by ppf pca method include more information of diversity of both interclass and intraclass the similarity of samples interclass and the diversity of samples intraclass can be evaluated more objectively from firstdimensional projection figureon kinds of tobacco leaf grading samples kinds of tobacco leaf grading samples and redrying blending models so it is more convenient to be used as a REF for the redrying MM of tobacco and it has a good application prospect in other formulation design of agricultural products traditional chinese medicine etc
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CB microm a beta adrenergic agonist potentiated basal unstimulated and electrical stimulationevoked release of hnorepinephrine from CBF cortical slices in a concentrationdependent manner the betaadrenergic antagonists propranolol and ici did not antagonize the facilitatory effect of CB on basal hnorepinephrine efflux selective downregulation of beta adrenergic receptors produced by chronic administration of clenbuterol also did not alter this effect of in vitro clenbuterol despite marked reductions in the density of these receptors these results suggest that the increase in basal efflux of hnorepinephrine observed with clenbuterol was not mediated by beta adrenergic receptors the facilitatory effect of CB on basal hnorepinephrine efflux was caindependent which may indicate an amphetaminelike mechanism of action the enhanced basal efflux of hnorepinephrine produced by clenbuterol was stereoselective there was a fourfold increase in basal hnorepinephrine efflux with the isomer of CB compared with that induced by the isomer this contrasts with the stereoselectivity of the isomers for interacting with beta adrenergic receptors the present results may explain some of the behavioral actions of clenbuterol particularly those observed after LT treatment and may be relevant to the antidepressant actions of this compound
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primary retinal cultures constitute valuable tools not only for basic research on retinal cell development and physiology but also for the identification of factors or drugs that promote cell survival and differentiation in order to take full advantage of the benefits of this system it is imperative to develop efficient and reliable techniques for the manipulation of mRNA however achieving AGA transfection efficiencies in these cultures has remained challenging the purpose of this work was to develop and optimize a technique that would allow the transfection of chick retinal cells with high efficiency and reproducibility for multiple applications we developed an ex vivo electroporation method applied to dissociated retinal cell cultures that offers a significant improvement over other currently available transfection techniques increasing efficiency by fivefold in this method eyes were enucleated devoid of rpe and electroporated with gfpencoding plasmids using custommade electrodes electroporated retinas were then dissociated into single cells and plated in low density conditions to be analyzed after DI parameters such as voltage and number of electric pulses as well as plasmid concentration and developmental stage of the animal were optimized for efficiency the characteristics of the cultures were assessed by morphology and immunocytochemistry and cell viability was determined by ethidium homodimer staining cell imaging and counting was performed using an automated highthroughput system this procedure resulted in transfection efficiencies in the order of of cultured cells encompassing both photoreceptors and nonphotoreceptor SN and without affecting normal cell survival and differentiation finally the feasibility of the technique for cellautonomous studies of gene CF in a biologically relevant context was tested by carrying out gain and lossoffunction experiments for the transcription factor pax electroporation of a plasmid construct expressing pax resulted in a marked upregulation in the expression levels of this protein that could be measured in the whole SC as well as cellintrinsically this was accompanied by a significant decrease in the percentage of cells differentiating as photoreceptors among the transfected population conversely electroporation of an rnai construct targeting pax resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of this protein with a concomitantective approaches for hbf induction we go on to discuss strategies by which such approaches may be developed older studies in this field can provide important lessons for future studies aimed at developing more effective strategies for hbf induction and we therefore chronologically cover the work accomplished as this field has evolved over the course of the past four decades
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tumoral calcinosis anterior to the right knee in an infant is reported the presence of tumoral calcinosis in young children is rare the knee is considered to be a rare location for TC
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more than of individuals with multiple sclerosis ms experience a relapsingremitting disease course approximately ten years T3 disease onset an estimated of individuals with RRMS rrms convert to AA progressive ms quality of life is considerably impaired in early rrms the increased costs are associated with relapse occurrence and increasing disease severity pharmaceutical interventions aimed at delaying the progression of disease may help to reduce the economic burden of ms it has been showed that b lymphocytes involve in the pathophysiology of ms and rituximab lyses b cells via complement and antibodydependent cellular cytotoxicity current clinical trials are evaluating the role of RTX as a bcelltargeted therapy in the treatment of rrms
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the catalytic utilization of dimethylallyl geranyl farnesyl and geranylgeranyl diphosphates in the reaction catalyzed by recombinant human farnesylprotein transferase hfptase has been examined in the presence of three different protein substrates rascvls rascvim and rascail hfptase catalyzed both farnesylation and geranylation of rascvls and of rascvim but not of rascail geranylgeranylation was observed but only when rascvim was the acceptor ATP steadystate initial velocity and deadend inhibitor studies indicate that hfptasecatalyzed geranylation like bovine fptasecatalyzed farnesylation proceeds through a random order sequential mechanism surprisingly however michaelis constants for a given protein acceptor ATP varied depending upon which isoprenoid diphosphate was used as the donor substrate showing that these substrates do not bind independently to the enzyme under catalytic conditions in addition at very high concentrations of rascvim substrate inhibition was observed in the presence of both fpp and gpp isotope partitioning studies showed that at high concentrations of rascvim more than of the bound farnesyl diphosphate fpp can be trapped as product suggesting that the binary complex is catalytically competent and that the ternary complex proceeds to product faster than it releases fpp the release rate of fpp from the binary complex was calculated to be s which is only about eight times greater than kcat thus the binding of fpp to the enzyme in the presence of the protein ATP is not an equilibrium situationabstract truncated at words
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ca SE from oxygenevolving complex oec of photosystem ii psii is accompanied by decoupling of oxygen evolutionelectron transfer processes semin et al photosynth res and appearance of a broad epr signal at g split s signal what can imply the relationship between these effects split signal have been observed not only in cadepleted psii but also in psii membranes treated by fluoride anions sodium acetate and nhcl here we investigated the question can such compounds induce the decoupling effect during treatment of psii like ca SE does we found that f sodium acetate and nhcl inhibit o evolution in psii CM more effectively than the reduction of artificial QA dichlorophenolindophenol ie the action of these EDC is accompanied by decoupling of these processes in oec similarity of effects observed T3 ca extraction and f chcoo or nhcl treatments suggests that these compounds can inactivate CF of ca such inactivation could originate from disturbance of the network of functionally AS hydrogen bonds around oec formed with participation of ca this inhibition effect is observed in the region of low concentration of inhibitors increasing of inhibitor concentration is accompanied by appearance of other CS of inhibition
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JP syndrome jps is an infrequent AD hereditary predisposition to the occurrence of hamartomatous polyps in the colon and rectum we describe the case of a yearold boy with jps associated with an ABD tumor histological sections of the ABD tumor showed components of adenocarcinoma osteosarcoma and choriocarcinoma immunohistochemistry was aeae ck hcg and sall positive JPS patients are at increased risk of CRC however we present a case of an adenocarcinoma associated with other unusual components this association has not been reported before
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effective immunity against bordetella pertussis is currently under discussion following the stacking evidence of pertussis resurgence in the vaccinated population natural immunity is more effective than vaccineinduced immunity indicating that knowledge on infectioninduced responses may contribute to improve vaccination strategies we applied a systems biology RPA comprising microarray flow cytometry and multiplex immunoassays to unravel the molecular and cellular signatures in unprotected mice and protected mice with infectioninduced immunity around a b pertussis challenge preexisting SVR memory thth cells memory bcells and mucosal iga specific for ptx vag fim were detected in the protected mice days T3 an exp infection in addition preexisting high activity and reactivation of pulmonary innate cells such as alveolar macrophages mcells and goblet cells was detected the Th1 responses in the lungs and serum and neutrophil recruitment in the SP upon an infectious challenge of unprotected mice were absentsed gene ccnnov inhibits ar signaling and acts in a negative feedback loop to block ar CF mechanistically a cytoplasmic form of ccn interacted with the ar NTD to sequester ar in the cytoplasm of prostate cancer cells thereby reducing ar transcriptional activity and inhibiting cell growth however constitutive repression of ccn by the polycomb group protein ezh disrupted this negative feedback loop in both crpc and enzalutamideresistant prostate CA cells notably restoring ccn was sufficient to effectively reduce cprc cell proliferation in vitro and to abolish xenograft RT growth in vivo taken together our findings establish ccn as a pivotal regulator of ar signaling and prostate CA progression and suggest a functional intersection between Pc and ar signaling in crpc CA res © aacr
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the goal of this T0 was to define the antiosteoclastogenic andor antiinflammatory role of il in inflammatory BR using in vivo and in vitro methods to this end titanium particles were placed on mu calvaria and bone resorption and OCL formation quantified in wildtype and il mice in this MM calvarial bone loss and osteoclast formation were increased in titaniumtreated il mice although basal numbers of splenic OCL precursors ocp were similar il mice treated with particles in vivo had increased splenic ocp suggesting an enhanced SVR inflammatory response in vitro osteoclastogenesis icpms is investigated in detail in this approach two iodine atoms are specifically bioconjugated to the meta positions of the aromatic ring of every tyrosine residue characterization studies by caphplc with parallel icpms and ESI MS/MS spectrometry esimsms PCD clearly showed that such labeling iodination reaction affords one to obtain most accurate peptide determinations T3 translation of the picomoles of iodine quantified by icpms in each chromatographic peak into picomoles of the corresponding labeled peptide it is demonstrated that only but every IMT residue present in the peptide is CR diiodinated the excellent PCD limits for iodine using icpms allowed robust and highly CS tyrosinecontaining peptide quantification pm amol absolute derivatization is easily accomplished in a wateracetonitrile solution in only min moreover since the signal in icpms is CR independent from the chemical species containing the detected element any iodinecontaining standard eg iodobenzoic acid could be used as internal standard for the absolute quantification of every iodinelabeled tyrosinecontaining peptide separated and detected along the gradient the approach was optimized for tyrosine labeling and then validated by application to the absolute quantification of the three standard peptides present in the only REF material for peptide quantity nist commercially available ID of the species quantified by icpms was carried out by parallel caphplcesi quadrupole timeofflight qtof analysis and corresponded as expected to the diiodinated peptides the CID cid spectra obtained demonstrated unequivocally the specific and CR derivatization of the IMT residues the obtained quantitative results closely matched the reference values reported by the national institute of standards and technology nist in terms of precision the relative standard deviation was as low as rsd finally the RPA was tested for the absolute quantification of proteins using a MM standard protein betacasein results agreed again with the value specified showing that this labeling reaction is compatible with tryptic digestion
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the LT SMB of VG and their effect on the native circulation were studied by examining vein grafts in patients at a mean followup of months range zero to months serial studies were performed on patients with grafts the overall VG patency rate was per cent and the rate after more than years was per cent the patency rate in asymptomatic patients was per cent compared with per cent in the remainder the patency of grafts attached distal to total occlusions was per cent the angle of origin of the grafts from the aorta did not appear to influence patency or the severity of intimal proliferative changes in patients with grafts pre and postoperative cineangiograms were compared and changes in the graft and underlying PD classified as groups to to group patent graft bidirectional flow in the grafted vessel PT lesion unchanged group patent VG bidirectional flow proximal lesion PD to occlusion locally group patent VG distal flow only occlusion of lesion and segment between graft and lesion group VG occluded native i.a. unaltered group VG occluded native i.a. now occluded at lesion and region of anastomosis group new distal lesion results were as follows group per cent group per cent group per cent group per cent group per cent and group per cent native coronary arteries undergoing closure group had lesions per cent or greater in per cent of patients the rate of closure of ungrafted lesions was per cent we believe these results encourage the continued used of vein bypass grafts
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a randomized doubleblind study of the efficacy of oral vitamin e supplementation as a prophylactic treatment for hyperbilirubinemia was undertaken in PT infants weighing less than g hemoglobin hb C2 blood carboxyhemoglobin saturation hbcoc endtidal carbon monoxide concentration etco and serum total bilirubin levels were determined in each subject on the first and third days of the study we found no differences between the vitamin etreated and placebotreated CG with respect to hb hbcoc etco or SB C2 on day or in addition we reanalyzed our data to compare those infants who had low VE levels at birth with those who had vitamin e C2 greater than mgdl on day we still observed no differences in hb hbcoc etco or serum bilirubin C2 on day or the results of our study suggest that supplemental oral VE therapy has no major effect on bilirubin production during the first days of life in premature infants weighing less than g at birth
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preliminary in vitro and animal studies have shown that verbascoside a phenolic compound may have several favourable biological activities including an influence on EC function and on platelet aggregation we sought to evaluate the effects of verbascoside biotechnologically produced from plant cell cultures on human platelet aggregation pa the blood from aspirinnaïve volunteers with at least one cardiovascular risk factor was preincubated in vitro with verbascoside and mgdl and aspirin μm the blood from patients with a prior diagnosis of coronary HR disease who were chronically assuming aspirin was preincubated in vitro with verbascoside and mgdl pa is measured with a CS transmission aggregometry and multiplate analyzer as compared to reference preincubation with verbascoside resulted in a significant inhibition of adenosine diphosphate adp and arachidonic acid aainduced pa p for both verbascoside mgdl did not show a stronger effect as compared to verbascoside mgdl p as expected the in vitro addition of aspirin reduced aa induced pa p but not that induced by adp p the addition of verbascoside to the blood of aspirintreated patients did not improve the values of pa after aa stimulus p whereas it ensured a stronger inhibition after adp CS- p verbascoside in vitro affects pa by mildly inhibiting aggregation triggered both by adp and aa these preliminary data while intriguing require confirmation in subjects receiving verbascoside orally in order to determine whether these findings are clinically relevant
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water deficit severely reduces apple growth and production is detrimental to fruit quality and size this problem is exacerbated as global warming is implicated in producing more severe drought stress thus waterefficiency has becomes the major target for apple breeding a desired apple tree can absorb and transport water efficiently which not only confers improved drought tolerance but also guarantees fruit size for higher income returns aquaporins as water channels control water transportation across CM and can regulate water flow by changing their amount and activity the exploration of molecular mechanism of water efficiency and the gene wealth will pave a way for molecular breeding of drought tolerant apple tree
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the aim of the study was to compare the parker flextip pft group p tube to a wire reinforced tracheal tube in two orientations ie with posteriorly and anteriorly positioned tip bevels wrp and wra groups respectively for oral fiberoptic intubation
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the rotation axis for each of the six extraocular muscles was determined in four eyes from three perfused rhesus monkeys measurements of the locations of muscle insertions and origins were made in the stereotaxic reference frame with the xy plane horizontal and the xz plane sagittal the computed rotation axes of the horizontal recti were close to being in the xz plane at an angle of about degrees to the z axis the rotation axes of the vertical recti and the obliques were close to being in the xy plane at an angle of about degrees to the y axis in five alert Rh monkeys we simultaneously recorded extraocular motoneuron activity and eye position in 3D d the activity of motoneuron axons was obtained from the oculomotor n trochlear n and abducens nerve n during spontaneous eye movements to extend the torsional range of eye position the animals were also put in different static roll positions which induced ocular counterroll without dynamic vestibular stimulation periods of ms during fixation or slow eye movements degreess were chosen for analysis for each motoneuron a MLR was performed between firing frequency and d eye position expressed as a rotation vector in both stereotaxic and listings REF frame the direction with the highest correlation coefficient average r sd was taken as the ondirection each units activity could be unequivocally attributed to one particular muscle ondirections for each motoneuron were confined to a welldefined cone in d average ondirections of MNs differed significantly from the corresponding anatomically determined muscle rotation axes expressed in the stereotaxic reference frame range of deviations degrees to degrees this difference was most pronounced for the vertical recti and oblique muscles the muscle rotation axes of the vertical rectus pair and the oblique muscle pair form an angle of degrees whereas the corresponding angle for paired motoneuron ondirections was degrees ondirections of MNs were better aligned with the ondirections of semicircular canal afferents range of deviation degrees or with the anatomically determined sensitivity vectors of the semicircular canals range of deviation degrees than with the anatomically determined muscle rotation axes but significant differences remain to be explained the ondirections of motoneurons were arranged symmetrically to listings plane in the sense that the torsional components for antagonistically paired muscles were almost equal but of opposite sign thus the torsional components of motoneuron ondirections cancel when eye movements are confined to listings plane this arrangement simplifies the neuronal transformations for conjugate headfixed voluntary eye movements while the approximate alignment with the SC REF frame is optimal for generating compensatory eye movements
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in order to understand the mechanisms of traumatic BB injury tbi and develop proper safety measures it is essential that accurate instrumentation methods are utilized the BB injury criterion bric has been developed and validated to predict brain injuries in combination with the head injury criterion takhounts et al because the validated bric is heavily dependent on angular motion the accuracy of any head instrumentation technique should be judged in part by its ability to measure angular motion the main objective of this T0 was to evaluate a method of accurately measuring degreeoffreedom dof anthropomorphic test device atd head kinematics using a coplanar accelerometers and angular rate sensors aÏ configuration
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to determine whether forcetime integral fti and maximum force mf are significantly different between genders when performing an unanticipated side cut on fieldturf
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single cell migration constitutes a fundamental phenomenon involved in many biological events amoeboid cells are single cell organisms that migrate in a cyclic manner like worms in this paper we propose a d FEM model of an amoeboid cell migrating over a d surface in particular we focus on the mechanical aspect of the problem the cell is able to generate cyclic active deformations such as protrusion and contraction in any direction the progression of the cell is governed by a tight synchronization between the adhesion forces which are alternatively applied at the front and at the rear edges of the cell and the protrusioncontraction phases of the cell body finally two important aspects have been taken into account the external stimuli in response to which the cell migrates eg need to feed morphogenetic events normal or abnormal environment cues the heterogeneity of the d substrate eg obstacles rugosity slippy regions for which two distinct approaches have been evaluated the runandtumble strategy and the lookandrun strategy overall the results show a good PA with respect to the exp observations and the data from the literature eg velocity and strains therefore the present MM helps on one hand to better und molecular mechanisms involved were different the higher dose of testosterone enhanced the expression of both the protein that regulates cholesterol availability the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein star and the protein expression of the transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferatoractivated TRG ppar gamma prenatal hyperandrogenization induced an antioxidant response that prevented a possible prooxidant status the higher dose of testosterone induced a proinflammatory state in ovarian tissue mediated by increased levels of prostaglandin e pg and the protein expression of cyclooxygenase cox the limiting enzyme of pgs synthesis in summary our data show that the C2 of testosterone prenatally injected modulate the uterine environment and that this in turn would be responsible for the endocrine and metabolic abnormalities and the phenotype of pcos during the AD life
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a distinctive subset of renal carcinomas is associated with xp translocations and resulting tfe gene fusions prcctfe psftfe nonotfe aspltfe encoding related aberrant transcription factors we report the cloning of a novel clathrin heavychain gene cltctfe gene fusion resulting from a txpq in a renal carcinoma arising in a yearold boy the fusion transcript joined the exons of cltc on chromosome band q to the exons of tfe cltc encodes a L1 subunit of clathrin a multimeric protein on cytoplasmic organelles and is a known recurrent F0 partner of the alk IMT kinase gene in anaplastic largecell lymphoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors the predicted cltctfe product retains the nuclear localization and dnabinding domains of tfe but lacks the multimerization domain of cltc the present renal tumor demonstrated morphologic and immunohistochemical features of both prcctfe and aspltfe carcinomas including strong nuclear immunoreactivity for the tfe cterminal and only minimal expression of epithelial proteins however unlike most RCs it also focally expressed melanocytic proteins the present report highlights the promiscuity of certain genes involved in chromosomal translocations further analysis of the shared features of cltc and other tfe fusion partners may shed CS on the essential biology of tfe fusion proteins
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an important component of all emergency medicine residency programs is managing trauma effectively as a member of an EM team but practice on live patients is often impractical and mannequinbased simulators are expensive and require all trainees to be physically present at the same location this article describes a project to develop and evaluate a computerbased simulator the virtual emergency department for distance training in teamwork and leadership in trauma management the virtual environment provides repeated practice opportunities with lifethreatening trauma cases in a safe and reproducible setting
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migraine is a complex patholophysiology in which both central and peripheral components of the TG pain pathway probably play a significant role both in the symptoms and signs of the attack and in the mechanisms of action of antimigraine EDC such as triptans which constitute the most important therapy for aborting migraine pain and possess several mechanisms on ht receptormediated actions the experimental neurogenic inflammation model represents a simple procedure to obtain preliminary information on well characterized receptortargeted drugs the apparent paradox observed with certain drugs that are shown to be ERP in this MM but not in PCTs offers the opportunity to better manipulate structureactivity to obtain the best pharmacological profile using an array of exp models the observation that nitric oxide donors induce migrainelike pain in migraineours and that nitric oxide plays a pivotal role in the control of several functions in the CNS system has prompted the use of such molecules for better understanding the pathophysiology of migraine attacks a link between central and IP components of the trigeminal pain pathway is provided by the observation that cortical spreading depression in the rat activates trigeminovascular afferents and induces a series of cortical meningeal and brainstem events consistent with the OD of headache studies in humans support the hypothesis that cortical spreading depression underlies migraineaura therefore tt is possible that visual motor or sensory aura might be responsible for the generation of the pain through the above mechanisms
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HN hn inhibits alzheimers disease adrelevant neuronal death and dysfunction by interacting with a receptor s involving ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha cntfr wsx and gp it remains unknown whether this complex is the sole hn receptor that mediates hninduced antiad activity we here report that an alternatively spliced wsx isoform encoding an extracellular AA region of wsx with cytokinebinding regions named soluble wsx swsx is expressed in neuronal cells lacking CF of fulllength wsx and enables hn to rescue adrelevant death this result suggests that cntfrsoluble wsxgp behaves as an alternative PET hn receptor
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an objective method for determining the coagulum cutting time is needed to improve consistency and processing efficiency of goats cheese a fibre optic sensor was used to measure the backscatter of IR radiation at nm during the coagulation of skimmed goats milk for the purpose of predicting coagulum cutting time a randomised block design replicated three times was used to test the effect of three protein concentrations and ww on diffuse reflectance parameters for cutting time prediction of milk coagulated at five different temperatures and degrees c to assure a wide range of coagulation rates the inclusion of a protein term in the existing algorithms was essential to reduce the standard error of prediction to under min an algorithm including a timebased parameter and a protein term tcutbeta tmin gamma protein was found to predict cutting time with a sep of min and an r of gamma was considered constant gamma goats milk representing the protein effect on beta algorithms using responsebased parameters such as change in reflectance ratio and the composition parameter protein required additional regression parameters such as temperature and an intercept term to predict the cutting time with the same precision as algorithms using only timebased parameters timebased parameters were found to decrease proportionally with increasing temperature and decreasing protein concentration responsebased and mixedbased parameters were found to decrease with decreasing temperature reflectance ratio at cutting time did not significantly change with protein concentration for skimmed goats milk the activation energy of kappacasein hydrolysis was calculated based on changes in reflectance profile parameters and was found to be in the range kj mol
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the immunohistochemical localization of the neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes choline AT tyrosine hydroxylase and dopaminebetahydroxylase was examined in the feline pontomesencephalic tegmentum examination of adjacent sections stained for either choline acetyltransferase tyrosine hydroxylase or dopaminebetahydroxylase immunoreactivity as well as individual sections doubly stained for both choline AT and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity unequivocally demonstrated that noradrenergic and ACh SN were extensively intermingled in the brainstem tegmentum of the cat this contrasts with the situation in various other species where neurons utilizing these two neurotransmitters are discretely localized in distinct nuclei furthermore the present studies demonstrate the existence of two types of choline AT immunoreactive SN in the feline tegmentum the MCNs of the pedunculopontine and LD tegmental nuclei which stain histochemically for nadph diaphorase plus a population of small spindleshaped SN in the medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei which do not stain positively for nadph diaphorase the data are discussed with respect to several influential hypotheses of sleep cycle control
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we evaluated IP blood tests to diagnose ID on medical wards in blantyre malawi where infection and hiv are prevalent we compared full blood count ferritin and serum transferrin receptor tfr levels with an estimation of iron in bone marrow aspirates of consecutive adults admitted with severe anaemia haemoglobin gdl had satisfactory bone marrow aspirates the main outcome measures were the validity of each test sensitivity specificity and positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios lr for ID twenty patients were iron deficient and were hivpositive iron deficiency was more common in HIV- compared with hivpositive patients vs p in hivpositive patients the optimal ferritin cutoff was microgl sensitivity specificity lr but no test was accurate enough to be clinically useful in HIV- patients FER was the single most accurate test cutoff microgl specificity sensitive lr if positive infinity lr if negative tfr measurement did not improve the accuracy MCV was not a good predictor of iron status except in HIV- patients cutoff fl specificity sensitivity in populations with high levels of infection and hiv an hiv test is necessary to interpret any tests of iron deficiency in HIV- patients ferritin is the best blood test for ID using a higher cutoff than usual for hivpositive patients it is difficult to diagnose iron deficiency without bone marrow aspirates
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we have synthesized six androgens labeled with f as potential imaging agents for prostatic CA these include betafluorinesubstituted testosterone dihydrotestosterone and mibolerone alpha and betafluorine substituted alphamethylnortestosterone and fluoror metribolone all of the radiochemical preparations proceeded in satisfactory yield giving material with adequately high ERP specific activity for the in vivo studies in the tissue CSD studies in diethylstilbestroltreated male rats high selective uptake by the prostate was observed that ranged from to injected dose idg at hr and to at hr with prostatetoblood and prostatetomuscle ratios ranging from to respectively at hr and to respectively at hr those EDC that are likely to be metabolized rapidly showed lower prostate uptake but higher uptake selectivity at hr at earlier times uptake selectivities were more comparable EDC with a betafluorine substituent showed extensive metabolic defluorination resulting in ca of the dose being deposited in bone at hr this is consistent with a alphahydroxylation process that may proceed rapidly with these compounds but would be retarded by a alphamethylation blocked by inversion of stereochemistry at c and would not affect fluorine at the c position these fluoroandrogens together with fluoromibolerone described previously are the first positronemitting androgens to show high affinity and selective uptake by androgen target tissues in vivo and they may be useful as in vivo prostate imaging agents in man
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a total of patients with myelodysplastic states mds were studied of the eight patients treated with IFN alpha ifn megaunitsday for up to months one patient with refractory anaemia with excess blasts raeb underwent an almost complete response while one case of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia cmml showed a reduction in mo count no improvement was observed in refractory anaemia ra or RA with excess blasts in transformation trraeb in all patients leu and leua phenotypic natural killer nk cells were consistently normal in percentage numbers but functional nk activity was consistently reduced in all mds subgroups nk activity was enhanced by exposure to alpha ifn in vitro but was very VL in patients being treated with the agent there was no rho between clinical response and changed nk activity in patients receiving alpha ifn it is concluded that nk cells are unlikely to play a central role in the biology of myelodysplasia
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a caoposiozno bioglass was formed by the solgel technique and characterized by raman spectroscopy xray diffraction energy dispersive xray analysis edxa and scanning electron microscopy sem the surface reactivity of the resultant glassceramic specimens was analyzed by immersion studies in simulated body fluid sbf semedxs and ICP-AES techniques were used to monitor changes in the glass surface and sbf composition osteoblast CC experiments were performed to assess the biocompatibility and the alkaline phosphatase activity cell counts of the OBs cultured on the BG samples were studied and compared with the polystyrene plates the cells cultured on the BG disks consistently showed a higher ALP phosphatase activity and cell counts compared to cells cultured on either PS plates or the base caoposio bioglass this was due to cell proliferation and differentiation promoted by the zincsubstituted BG
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in drosophila sensory organ development the balance of MICs between proneural genes and repressor genes defines a proneural cluster as a population of competent cells for neural development in this T0 we report the isolation and analysis of the tamou tam gene that encodes a cellcell junctionassociated protein which is homologous to mammalian zo a member of the membraneassociated guanylate kinase homolog family the tam mutation reduces the transcription of a repressor gene extramacrochaetae and causes enlargement of a proneural cluster where supernumerary F0 cells emerge resulting in extra mechanosensory organs in the fly these results suggest that the membraneassociated tam protein is invohas been localized to EM vesicles in GP chondrocyte cultures suggesting involvement of this enzyme in remodeling of the extracellular matrix during endochondral development a process which is regulated by the vitamin d metabolites ohd and ohd to determine whether stromelysin is regulated by vitamin d as well confluent cultures of cells derived from growth zone gc and RC rc rat costochondral cartilage were treated with alpha ohd and rohd respectively and the effect on stromelysin assessed by casein gel zymography and western blots although stromelysin activity was enriched in the matrix vesicle fraction only the plasma membrane enzyme was affected by the treatment and caused a marked decrease in BPM stromelysin activity in their target cells since BPM protein kinase c pkc activity is stimulated by and we hypothesized that stromelysin activity was regulated by the vitamin d metabolites via pkcdependent phosphorylation to test this MF containing endogenous pkc alpha and zeta as well as stromelysin were incubated in the presence of purified rat brain pkc andor recombinant human rh stromelysin and gamma patp and antistromelysin immunoprecipitates were analyzed by ARG and western blots immunophosphostromelysin was localized to a kda band in the BPM fraction only no phosphorylation was observed in the matrix vesicle fraction selective inhibitors of pkc activity demonstrated that phosphorylation was inhibited by h and low concentrations of h but not by ha indicating that pkc not pka was responsible protein phosphatase a ppa a serinethreoninespecific phosphatase selectively removed the radiolabel in a timedependent manner providing further support for a pkcdependent phosphorylation mechanism incubation of resting zone cell plasma membranes with but not resulted in phosphorylation of stromelysin demonstrating that the nongenomic effect was metabolitespecific this suggests that this may be one mechanism by which vitamin d metabolites regulate stromelysin activity and that pkcdependent phosphorylation inhibits the metalloproteinase
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we evaluated in rats the effect of moderate HT degrees c on extracellular C2 of amino acids with special emphasis on the excitatory amino acids eaas glutamate and aspartate lactate and pyruvate T3 severe spinal cord compression a laminectomy of th and th was made a probe was inserted in a DH and MD was performed for h before and h after applying severe compression for min dialysate samples were collected at intervals of min and analyzed by highperformance liquid chromatography in normothermic degrees c animals there was a severalfold rise of glu that peaked in the first min fraction after trauma hypothermic animals showed a similar increase after trauma which was statistically significant until min after injury the level of glu was significantly higher in hypothermic animals from to min after injury compared with normothermic animals AST also showed a marked increase following injury the peak concentration was similar for both CG whereas recovery was delayed in hypothermic animals there was no significant difference between the normothermic and hypothermic animals for arginine taurine alanine glutamine histadine glycine threonine IMT and asparagine no significant effect of HT on lactate or lactatepyruvate was noted however the mean level of lactate tended to be lower and recovery was quicker in hypothermic animals the results of the present study suggest that moderate HT does not attenuate extracellular accumulation of eaas or markedly improve SE metabolism in our MM instead our findings raise the possibility that moderate HT prolongs the duration of glutamate receptor overactivation since hypothermia effectively attenuates glutamate PR in cns and spinal cord ischemia models our results suggest different mechanisms of extracellular accumulation of eaas in ischemia and trauma
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we conducted a T0 to assess the effect of HIV virus hiv infection on HI fiftyfive homosexual men and heterosexual men had four to sixweek postimmunization antibody responses measured to trivalent influenza vaccine and valent pneumococcal vaccine the homosexual men were divided into three CG asymptomatic hivseronegative men asymptomatic hivseropositive men and hivseropositive men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy antibody responses to influenza antigens in the subgroups of homosexual men did not significantly differ from those of heterosexual controls the igg antibody responses to pneumococcal capsular types n and c in men with lymphadenopathy and type c in HIV- homosexual men were lower than those of heterosexual controls otherwise responses to other ten capsular types showed no significant differences there was no evidence of an immunosuppressive effect of vaccination on tcell numbers or deterioration of clinical status associated with vaccination this T0 demonstrates that HIV+ homosexual men asymptomatic or with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy are able to mount appropriate antibody responses to two commonly used vaccines
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the medial patellofemoral ligament has been recognized as the most important medial structure preventing lateral dislocation or subluxation of the patella numerous surgical techniques have been described to reconstruct this important structure in patients with PF instability this paper reviews the relevant anatomy and biomechanics published reconstruction options and describes the surgical technique used at our institution using semitendinosus autograft to reconstruct the medial patellofemoral ligament
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the dehydration electrolyte and metabolic changes which occur in hyperemesis gravidarum are well recognized the aim of this paper was to study the changes in serum copper and zinc and their rho with the changes in SS electrolytes that occur in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum serum copper zinc sodium and potassium and urinary chloride were measured in patients suffering from HG and compared to the C2 in normal Pr women in their first trimester there was no significant NC in serum copper or zinc in patients with hyperemesis compared to NP also there was no significant correlation between the changes in the level of these trace elements and the decrease which occurred in serum sodium and potassium and urinary chloride
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sonography is used infrequently for diagnosing acute pelvic inflammatory disease because the physical examination is highly CS because the sonogram lacks specificity and because the patient is often scheduled for surgery or LS or treated medically based on clinical findings obviating the need for diagnostic studies sonography is usually reserved for identifying localizing and following pelvic abscesses complicating pelvic inflammatory disease the sonogram is valuable in identifying the location of intrauterine devices because of the increased incidence of inflammatory pelvic disease in these patients postoperative and posttraumatic abscesses and abscesses of gastrointestinal origin may require the concomitant use of computed tomography and radionuclide studies with ultrasonography performing a cDNA CF the ultrasound examination may be valuable both in improving diagnostic confidence and providing guidance for aspiration because of the limited spectrum of appearances of numerous pelvic diseases the most accurate diagnoses are obtained when the sonogram is interpreted in CS of the detailed clinical information
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the purpose of this work was to look into the effects of infliximab on wound healing in exp glaucoma filtration surgery and to compare the antifibrotic effects of this agent to that of mitomycinc mmc
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herpes simplex virus hsv immediateearly protein icp is a transcriptional activator with e ubiquitin ligase activity that induces the Kd of nd proteins including the promyelocytic leukemia protein pml and sp moreover icp has a role in the derepression of viral genomes and in the modulation of the host interferon response to virus infection here we report that icp interacts with siah a cellular e ubiquitin ligase that is involved in multiple cellular pathways and is itself capable of mediating pml degradation this novel virushost interaction profoundly stabilized siah and recruited this cellular e ligase into icpcontaining nucom normal to mildtomoderately impaired the loss in lowlevel gain derived from tmc was found to be equivalent with hlohc estimates inferred from acalos furthermore hlohc estimates obtained using both measurement techniques were highly consistent overall the two methods provide consistent measures of AEP nonlinearity in individual listeners with acalos offering better time efficiency
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spiking activity of the small intestine in the conscious dog and sheep was recorded continuously from electrodes chronically implanted on the jejunum and summed at intervals of sec the activity was related to the transit time and flow rate of intestinal contents as estimated by PH red and by dilution of continuous marker infusions respectively also in some sheep the flow of digesta was measured directly from a cannula in the PT part of the jejunum and also by use of an EM flow meter in the fasted dog and in sheep on a ND the intestinal activity was characterized by a migrating myoelectric complex comprising an irregular phase followed by a regular phase these MMCs occurred regularly T3 a period of inactivity at a frequency of hr in dogs T3 FF a continuous spiking activity appeared and persisted for periods of hr this was associated with much higher rates of flow and shorter transit times than were observed during fasting in sheep continuous spiking activity could be induced by i.v. of hydroxytryptophan and this similarly was accompanied by a more rapid flow and a shorter transit time than recorded during the control period in both species the longest transit time occurred when a phenol red bolus was injected during the period of electrical inactivity relatively short transit times were observed when the bolus was administered just before the period of regular spiking activity when relaxation of the bowel was induced by intraperitoneal i.t. of hypertonic saline there was no spiking activity and the transit time for the infused solution was greatly lengthened especially in the sheep a noticeable flow of digestive contents persisted in the dog in the sheep the intestinal contents flowed intermittently during periods of min and at the same frequency as the migrating myoelectric complex two thirds of this flow took place in the min immediately preceding the periods of irregular spiking activity it is concluded that in the fasted dog and in the sheep the migrating myoelectric complex controls the pressure gradients on which the flow of intestinal contents depends this is accomplished in the main by the prolonged phase of irregular spiking activity and it is suggested that the regular spiking activity which follows it thouy disease recent evidence suggests that periodontosis is inflammatory with virulent GN microorganisms selective immune deficiencies dysfunction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes genetic predisposition or any combination of these as possible etiologic AF several authors have therefore advocated replacing the term periodontosis which implies a degenerative disease with destructive or idiopathic juvenile periodontitis although various treatments have been proposed a definitive therapy for the disease depends on the future elucidation of the TPS causative AF
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cytochrome pc cyp converts the c CS pregnenolone and progesterone to the c androgen precursors dehydroepiandrosterone dhea and androstenedione respectively via sequential alphahydroxylase and lyase reactions disabling mutations in cyp cause combined alphahydroxylaselyase deficiency but rare missense mutations cause isolated loss of lyase activity by disrupting interactions of redox partner proteins with cyp we studied an adolescent male with clinical and biochemical features of isolated lyase deficiency including micropenis hypospadias and gynecomastia who is homozygous for cyp mutation eg which lies in the AS site when expressed in hek cells or saccharomyces cerevisiae mutation eg retains CYP17 MICs converting pregnenolone and progesterone to alphahydroxysteroids however mutation eg lacks lyase activity for the conversion of alphahydroxypregnenolone to dhea which is the dominant pathway to c steroids catalyzed by human cyp the deltasteroid pathway in contrast mutation eg exhibits fold greater catalytic efficiency kcatkm for the cleavage of alphahydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione compared with wildtype cyp we conclude that mutation eg selectively impairs lyase activity for dhea synthesis despite an increased capacity to form androstenedione mutation eg provides genetic evidence that androstenedione formation from alphahydroxyprogesterone via the minor deltasteroid pathway alone is not sufficient for CR formation of the male phenotype in humans
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the arterial anatomy supplying the CL is highly VL a replaced common hepatic artery originating from superior CMA is a rare anomaly we herein present the case of a patient with retro pancreatic CL NO recurrence T3 laparoscopic cholecystectomy for pt GB carcinoma whose replaced CHA arose from the SMA i.a. it was performed a whipple T0 en bloc with the replaced CHA resection enhanced by the tumour the arterial reconstruction was needed due to the severe decrease of the arterial flow after clamping the replaced common HA using the splenic artery without any serious complications
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the proliferative effect of insulin on de novo purine synthesis and on the expression of various enzymes of purine metabolism were studied in primary cultured rat hepatocytes insulin greater than x m increased dna and de novo purine synthesis to and respectively and h T3 the administration insulin at x m increased the TPS activity of amidophosphoribosyltransferase atase to hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase to and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase aprt to in contrast to unchanged xanthine dehydrogenase at enzyme induction was supported by the results of kinetic analysis and the inhibition of the insulininduced increase in enzyme MICs by protein synthesis inhibitors insulin increased atp to and decreased amp adp guanylic acid gmp and guanosine diphosphate gdp respectively to and insulin increased adenylate EC from to without changing total FB GABA potential on atase no obvious increase of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate supply was suggested although its apparent availability for purine ribonucleotide synthesis was increased to reflecting mainly induced aprt activity to it is concluded that hepatocyte proliferation by insulin as evidenced by purine metabolism is mediated by the selective gene activation of anabolic enzymes and increased atp as the basis to activate multiple metabolic pathways without remarkable changes of ATP availability or FB inhibition
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