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wnta mutant embryos show defects caudal to the forelimb level somites are absent the notochord is disrupted and the CNS system has a pronounced dysmorphology previous studies revealed that the primary defects of the mutant embryos are likely to be in the process of paraxial mesoderm formation in this T0 we analyzed the phenotype of wnta mutant embryos at early somite stages days post coitum when somite formation is initiated in wnta mutants cells which have ingressed through the primitive streak do not migrate laterally but remain under the streak and form an ectopic tubular structure several neuralspecific molecular markers but no paraxial mesoderm markers are expressed in this structure suggesting that the ectopic tube is an additional neural tube in normal embryos wnta is expressed in the primitive ectoderm including the cells which are fated to give rise to the paraxial mesoderm and neurectoderm but expression is absent in migrating mesoderm cells these results suggest that wnta signaling may play a role in regulating paraxial mesodermal fates at the expense of neurectodermal fates within the primitive ectoderm of the gastrulating ME
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the life cycle of HC virus hcv is highly dependent on host proteins for virus propagation by transcriptome sequencing analysis we identified host genes that were highly differentially expressed in hcvinfected cells of these candidates we selected death receptor dr for further characterization dr is an orphan member of the RT CN factor receptor superfamily in the present study we demonstrated that both mrna and protein C2 of dr were increased in the context of hcv replication we further showed that promoter activity of dr was increased by hcv infection by employing promoterlinked reporter assay we showed that hcv upregulated dr via rosmediated nfκb pathway both mrna and protein C2 of dr were increased by nsb or nsa however nsa but not nsb specifically interacted with dr we showed that hcv modulated jnk p mapk stat and akt signaling pathways in a drdependent manner interestingly akt signaling cascade was regulated by protein interplay between dr and nsa silencing of dr expression resulted in decrease of infectious hcv production without affecting viral entry replication and translation together these data indicate that hcv modulates dr signaling pathway for viral propagation and may contribute to hcvmediated pathogenesis
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the molecular mechanisms governing invasive differentiation of human trophoblasts remain largely elusive here we investigated the role of wntbetacatenintcell factor tcf signaling in this process reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses demonstrated expression of wnt ligands frizzled receptors lrp and tcf transcription factors in total placenta and different trophoblast cell models immunohistochemistry of placental tissues and differentiating villous explant cultures showed that expression of tcf strongly increased in invading trophoblasts some of these cells also accumulated dephosphorylated betacatenin in the nucleus wnta treatment of primary CTs and sghpl cells induced activity of tcfluciferase reporters accordingly the ligand provoked interaction of tcf with betacatenin as assessed in EMSA emsas and upregulation of wnttcf target genes as observed by western blot analyses wnta stimulated trophoblast migration and invasion through MG which could be blocked by addition of dickkopf mediating inhibition of canonical wnt signaling dickkopf also reduced basal migration invasion and proliferation of CTs suggesting expression of endogenous wnt ligands immunohistochemistry revealed that the percentage of extravillous trophoblasts containing nuclear betacatenin was significantly higher in placentas of complete hydatidiform mole pregnancies as compared to normal placentas thus canonical wnt signaling may promote invasive trophoblast differentiation and exaggerated activation of the pathway could contribute to trophoblastic PH and local invasion
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various morphological features of the SCs of myelinated fibres in the lizard thoracic spinal roots were studied and when possible quantified using morphometric methods about of the schwann cells are binucleate and some display clusters of MV along the internodes the percentages of the cytoplasmic area of the schwann cell occupied by the following cytoplasmic components were determined mitochondria GA GER smooth endoplasmic reticulum multivesicular bodies dense HB autophagic vacuoles peroxisomelike HB LF LG and lipid droplets linear relationships were found between the sectional areas of the mitochondria and granular endoplasmic reticulum of the schwann cell and both the length of the profile of the schwann cell plasma membrane and the size of the related axon the results obtained are compatible both with the hypothesis that the mitochondria and granular endoplasmic reticulum of the schwann cell are involved in the production and storage of proteins for the plasma membrane of this cell and with the hypothesis that these organelles are involved in the production and storage of protein metabolites which are subsequently transferred to the related axons
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obesity is a significant risk factor for acute RDS the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown we recently showed that DIO mice exhibit pulmonary vascular EC dysfunction which is associated with enhanced susceptibility to lpsinduced acute lung injury here we demonstrate that lung endothelial dysfunction in dietinduced obese mice coincides with increased endoplasmic reticulum er stress specifically we observed enhanced expression of the L1 sensors of misfolded proteins including protein kinase rlike er kinase inositolrequiring enzyme α and activating transcription factor in whole lung and in primary lung EC cells isolated from DIO mice furthermore we found that primary lung endothelial cells exposed to serum from obese mice or to saturated fatty acids that mimic obese SS resulted in enhanced expression of markers of er AS and the induction of other biological responses that typify the lung EC of dietinduced obese mice including an increase in expression of EC adhesion molecules and a decrease in expression of endothelial cellcell junctional proteins similar changes were observed in lung endothelial cells and in wholelung tissue T3 SE to tunicamycin a compound that causes er stress by blocking nlinked glycosylation indicating that er AS causes EC dysfunction in the lung treatment with phenylbutyric acid a chemical protein chaperone that reduces er AS restored VE cell expression of adhesion molecules and protected against lpsinduced ALI in DIO mice our work indicates that fatty acids in obese SS induce er stress in the pulmonary endothelium leading to pulmonary ECD our work suggests that reducing protein load in the er of pulmonary EC cells might protect against acute RDS in obese individuals
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a sensitive analytical protocol for determining phosphoamino acids using capillary PACE coupled with LIF PCD has been developed the technique involved the derivatization of the phosphoamino acids with FL reagent dichlorostriazinylaminofluorescein dtaf and the analyses of the derivatives by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with laser induced fluorescence detection mekclif different variables that affect derivatization dtaf concentration ph temperature and time and separation kind of SF ph and concentration of buffer were studied the baseline separation of three phosphoamino acids could be obtained in less than min with good reproducibility there was a linear relationship between the peak area of the analyte and its concentration with rho coefficients in the range of the concentration LOD signal to noise with respect to each single phosphoamino acid were in the range of nm the developed method was successfully applied for the determination of phosphoamino acids in the hydrolyzed phosphorylated protein samples
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orofacial inflammatory pain is a difficult clinical problem and the TPS molecular mechanisms for this pain remain largely unexplained the present T0 aimed to determine the differential expression of micrornas mirnas and disclose the underlying role of mirap in orofacial inflammatory pain induced by complete freunds adjuvant cfa thirtytwo differentially expressed mirnas were first screened using a microarray chip in ipsilateral trigeminal ganglions tgs following cfa injection into the orofacial skin innervated by TG nerve and a portion of them including mira a a ap and were subsequently selected and validated by qpcr the target genes were predicted based on the mirwalk website and were further analyzed by gene ontology go further studies revealed mirap expression was downregulated whereas both the expression of p mapk mitogenactivated protein kinase alpha and cgrp calcitonin generelated peptide were upregulated in ipsilateral tgs at different time points T3 cfa injection compared with control furthermore mechanistic T0 revealed that mirap negatively regulates p alpha gene expression and is positively correlated with the head withdrawal threshold reflecting pain luciferase assay showed that binding of mirap to the utr of p alpha gene suppressed the transcriptional activity and overexpression of mirap significantly inhibited the p alpha mrna level in nd cells taken together our results show that mirap is negatively correlated with the OD and maintenance of orofacial inflammatory pain via regulating p mapk
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PT duodenalileal endtoside bypass with sleeve gastrectomy is a new bariatric technique based on the biliopancreatic diversion with DS in which after the sleeve gastrectomy the duodenum is anastomosed to the ileum in a billrothii fashion a cm common channelalimentary limb is devised anticipating an AGA weight loss at least similar to that obtained T3 gastric bypass theoretical benefits for operated patients are a shorter operative time the performance of only one anastomosis and no mesentery opening a prospective trial is now being conducted to find out the results of the procedure and to compare them to those obtained with gastric bypass and standard duodenal switch
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glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that causes impaired vision and in T3 cases blindness the increasing prevalence of glaucoma due to an ageing population has necessitated the ID of suitable biomarkers for the early detection of the disease aqueous humour ah has been proposed as a source of biomarkers but it can only be collected using a minor yet invasive surgical MI tears however are constantly available and can be collected any time via noninvasive methods in order to examine the utility of tear as a surrogate for AQ humour in biomarker development we compared the C2 of cytokines and chemokines in paired samples of tear and AH using a luminex multiplex immunobeadbased technique significantly higher levels of cytokines in tear compared to aqueous humour were detected suggesting that tear and AQ humour are not MZ in terms of inflammation response furthermore the C2 of ifnγ gmcsf and il in tear were significantly lower in patients who developed complications T3 one year but no statistically significant changes in cytokine C2 were observed in AH these three molecules may have potential as predictive biomarkers for the appearance of late flaprelated complications of TE
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corrective lens use by military aviators is an important consideration in the design of headmounted equipment the united states air force usaf has periodically monitored lens use by aviators however it has been over a decade since the last T0 we provide an update on the prevalence of corrective lenses and refractive error among usaf aircrew based on eyeglass orders processed through the spectacle request transmission system srts currently of AS duty usaf pilots and of other aircrew require corrective lenses to perform flight duties refractive errors are characterized by low to moderate levels of myopia with a mean spherical equivalent SP of diopters d for pilots and d for others CLs and more recently refractive surgery reduce the number of aircrew that must rely on spectacles when flying however spectacle compatibility remains an important consideration in the cockpit
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selected military personnel are immunized with an fdalicensed anthrax vaccine unless there are clinical contraindications the objective of this analysis is to capture the experience of soldiers receiving anthrax vaccine to assist in better patientprovider communication and clarify the safety profile of the vaccine in this canal of the spinal cord which were located far from the i.t. site showed a high expression of betagalactosidase activity motoneurons around the i.t. site were strongly stained by xgal IF and their axons in the ventral root were anterogradely labeled afferent fibers in the dorsal root were labeled by the transganglionic transport of betagalactosidase to examine the efficacy of the uptake and VA transport of hrp and adenovirus we injected a mixed solution of hrp and recombinant adenovirus the number of hrplabeled CS neurons overwhelmed the number of xgal stained ones while the numbers of hrplabeled rubrospinal and subcoeruleusspinal SN were smaller in comparison with the numbers of betagalactosidasepositive counterparts the present study revealed that the origins for the spinal descending tracts except for CS neurons could be efficiently genetransferred by the retrograde infection of a recombinant adenovirus such a difference in efficacy of retrograde infection among the spinal descending tracts is practically important when an adenovirusmediated gene transfer is designed to treat certain neurological diseases affecting the spinal descending tracts
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humoral adenosine triphosphate atp adenosine and uridine triphosphate utp have been shown to have a role in controlling local blood flow in a variety of tissues the presence of p and p receptors in the cochlea and particularly the highly vascular region the stria vascularis implies a vasoactive role for these EDC in the inner ear to test the effect of extracellular purines and pyrimidines on cochlear blood flow cochleae from anaesthetised guineapigs were perfused with atp microm mm adenosine microm mm and utp mm in AP while blood flow through the cochlea was measured an acute perilymphatic perfusion technique was established via tubing placed through a hole in the bone overlying scala tympani of the first cochlear turn with an outlet hole in SV of the fourth turn blood flow was measured by placing the probe of a laser doppler blood perfusion monitor on the bone overlying the stria vascularis in the third cochlear turn atp and adenosine produced a significant dose dependent increase in cochlear blood flow and respectively the effect of atp microm on cochlear blood flow was reduced in the presence of reactive blue mm and pyridoxalphosphateazophenyldisulphonic acid mm the blood flow response to adenosine microm was reduced in the presence of dimethylxanthine theophylline microm but not with either dimethylpropargylxanthine microm or cyclopentyldipropylxanthine microm utp did not produce any NC in the cochlear blood flow to determine if the atp effect was also mediated by adenosine derived from ectonucleotidase activity the perilymphatic compartment was perfused with either atp plus theophylline microm or with the nonmetabolisable form of atp adenosine othiophosphate atpgammas microm the effect of atp on cochlear blood flow was unaffected with the inclusion of theophylline while atpgammas produced an increase in cochlear blood flow similar to the one observed with atp these findings indicate that extracellular atp and its metabolite adenosine have a modulatory role in cochlear blood flow possibly mediated by both p and p receptors
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selective decontamination of the digestive tract sdd is a strategy designed to prevent or minimize the impact of infections by potentially pathogenic microorganisms in critically ill patients requiring longterm mechanical ventilation sdd is a fourcomponent protocol to control the three types of infections occurring in intensive care patients a a parenteral anti to consider joint ventures with physicians to counter this trend
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the aim of the T0 was to investigate the effect of ST treatment with FP on the response to nasal allergen challenge in patients with allergic rhinitis responses to NAC were assessed subjectively by recording symptom scores on visual analogue scales and objectively by measuring histamine pgd and ltc in nasal lavage and by measuring nasal inspiratory peak flow following challenge NAC resulted in an increase in all symptom scores p an increase in histamine and pgd p and a decrease in nasal inspiratory peak flow at h h and h following challenge p the allergeninduced changes in symptom scores mediator levels and nasal inspiratory peak flow were attenuated by treatment with FP p for all parameters measured postchallenge nasal one was decreased by sneezing itching and rhinorrhoea by and respectively in the group as a whole comparing scores whilst on FP with those on no therapy fluticasone propionate micrograms twice daily for weeks is ERP in reducing significantly the early and late response to nasal allergen challenge
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the purpose of this prospective ninecenter nonrandomized T0 was to assess the tau and safety of celsior preservation fluid in CL transplantation using unselected donors as data comparing allograft outcomes following liver transplantation using celsior and university of wisconsin uw preservation fluids are limited we also compared our cohort with matched controls selected from the european CL transplant registry eltr who received total liver grafts preserved with uw solution during the same period one hundred and forty patients who received livers preserved with celsior were included the primary endpoint VG loss at oneyr posttransplantation was observed in patients which was not significantly different from the predefined threshold rate confidence interval ci p predictive factors for graft loss on univariate analysis were moderatetosevere steatosis on the donor graft patients with graft loss vs patients without p and duration of WI ± h in patients with graft loss vs ± h in patients without p hepatic artery thrombosis and stenosis occurred in seven and six patients respectively the comparison of our patients to eltr controls showed that oneyr GS rates celsior ci uw ci and kaplanmeier oneyr GS distributions p were similar within the CIT achieved in our T0 CL preservation with celsior appeared efficient and safe comparison with eltr patients suggested that liver allograft survival was similar using celsior or uw solution for preservation of unselected donor grafts
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experience has allowed increasingly complex procedures to be undertaken by single port surgery we describe a technique for single port billroth i gastrectomy with a handsewn intracorporeal anastomosis in the resection of a benign tumour diagnosed incidentally on a background of cholelithiasis
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the centromedian cmparafascicular pf nuclear complex in the primate TH has reciprocal and specific connections with the basal ganglia it has been argued that the thalamic cmpf complex has a role in pain processing and attention however the PET relationship of this complex with the basal ganglia which is considered to have a role in goaldirected movement has not been well characterized here we present a hypothetical view that the thalamic cmpf complexbasal ganglia circuit plays complementary roles in response bias the basal ganglia are involved in creating rewardbased preaction bias which facilitates the selection and execution of an action associated with a higher value in contrast when an action with a lower value is unexpectedly requested the cmpf induces an externally driven rebiasing process in the striatum that aborts the preaction bias and assists selecting and executing actions appropriate for unexpected situations this MM provides a framework for how the thalamic cmpf complex and the basal ganglia CF together in general for unexpected situations
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the involvement of the brain lungs and kidneys was studied in a lethal rat malaria lewis inbred rats were infected with Pb k the disease proved fatal within days parasitaemia showed an increase of up to parasitised red blood cells on day pi the PCV decreased from to the systolic blood pressure dropped from to mmhg the lactate dehydrogenase activity rose to ul bun and SS creatinine doubled during the course of the disease the transaminases increased tenfold and the cholinesterase decreased from ul to ul morphologically the kidneys showed an immune complex glomerulonephritis with a normal TI system the BB heart and lungs were normal by LM examination marked anaemia and shock were the main causes of death in the abovementioned specimen rat showing that the course of the disease is significantly different from lethal infections in humans with plasmodium falciparum who show severe pulmonary renal and cerebral complications
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we studied cardiovascular and respiratory changes during yogic PLB exercise kapalabhati kb in advanced yoga practitioners the exercise consisted in fast shallow ABD respiratory movements at about hz frequency blood pressure ecg and QO2 were recorded continuously during three min periods of kb and during pre and postkb resting periods the beattobeat series of systolic blood pressure sbp and diastolic blood pressure dbp rr intervals and QO2 were analysed by SA of time series the mean AP was calculated in three frequency bandsband of SR band of hz rhythm and the lowfrequency band greater than s in all spectra the mean modulus calculated between sbp and rr intervals was used as a parameter of baroreceptorcardiac reflex sensitivity brs heart rate increased by beats per min during kb sbp and dbp increased during kb by and mmhg respectively all frequency bands of rr interval variability were reduced in kb also the brs parameter was reduced in kb the amplitude of the highfrequency oscillations in sbp and dbp increased during kb the lowfrequency blood pressure oscillations were increased after kb the results point to decreased cardiac vagal tone during kb which was due to changes in respiratory pattern and due to decreased sensitivity of arterial baroreflex decreased respiratory rate and increased sbp and lowfrequency blood pressure oscillations after kb suggest a differentiated pattern of vegetative activation and inhibition associated with kb exercise
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the purpose of this study was to investigate the value of using a validated functional assessment instrument the sickness impact profile sip with older chronically ill patients seeking care at the family physicians office the sip was completed by the patient and the FP on patients years of age or older who were seen at a FP residency clinic the T0 used stratified random assignment in an exp design to compare physician and patient reaction to the sip both physicians residents and faculty and patients felt the sip was useful in detecting disabilities approximately half of the physicians felt the sip was helpful in patient management patients reported twice as many disabilities as were reported by physicians half of the clinic physicians had the opportunity to review a patients sip immediately prior to a visit they recognized more disabilities and agreed more often with the patients about the presence of a disability the physicians felt the sip was too lengthy to assimilate easily into the clinic setting use of a functional assessment SF-36 is advocated because of its ability to increase both physician awareness and physicianpatient communication regarding the presence of a PET deficit
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we have previously demonstrated that in patients with chronic HC chc iron SD improves SS alanine aminotransferase alt levels as well as hepatic oxidative dna damage however it has not been determined whether continuation of iron depletion therapy for chc favorably influences its progression to hepatocellular carcinoma hcc
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SDG sdg the most abundant lignan in flaxseed is metabolized by the ruminal microbiota into enterolignans which are strong antioxidants enterolactone el the main mammalian enterolignan produced in the rumen is transferred into physiological fluids with potentially human health benefits with respect to menopausal PS hormonedependent cancers cardiovascular diseases osteoporosis and diabetes however no information exists to our knowledge on bacterial taxa that play a role in converting plant lignans into el in ruminants in order to investigate this eight rumen cannulated cows were used in a double à latin square design and fed with four treatments control with no flax meal fm or and fm on a DM basis concentration of el in the rumen increased linearly with increasing fm inclusion total rumen bacterial s rrna concentration obtained using qpcr did not dnalysed by ultrahighperformance liquid chromatography coupled to MS/MS uhplcmsms the analytical method was validated following requirements of commission decision ec all samples showed levels of acyp below the maximum residue limit mrl of μg kg established for bovine milk commission regulation eu no the results demonstrate that there is minimal partitioning of acyp into milk in lactating donkeys from pouron treatment
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a technique for the accurate computation of the electromagnetic fields radiated by a charged particle moving within a parallelplate waveguide is presented based on a transformation of the timevarying current density of the particle into a timeharmonic current density this technique allows the DUE of the radiated electromagnetic fields both in the frequency and time domains as well as in the near and farfield regions for this purpose several accelerated versions of the parallelplate greens CF in the frequency domain have been considered the theory has been successfully applied to the multipactor discharge occurring within a two metalplates region the proposed formulation has been tested with a particleincell code based on the finitedifference timedomain method obtaining good agreement
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electromyography emg with needle electrodes of urethral and anal sphincters was performed in patients with AS enuresis se all the patients received conservative treatment as pelvic fundus exercise by kegel patients use of vaginal cones patients esmp device ES patients in treatment failure se was corrected surgically the response was assessed weeks after the treatment satisfactory results were obtained in women reinnervation of urethral sphincter and the anus of different severity was found in and patients respectively denervation in urethral and anal sphincter occurred in and patients respectively the comparison of the results of treatment and emg findings has shown that good results were achieved only in patients with moderate reinnervation of the sphincters patients with denervation andor severe reinnervation of the sphincters did not benefit from the conservative therapy or its result was minimal it is shown that needle emg is a reliable method of as the enzyme activity of cgpdh through the modification of redoxsensitive cysteine residues in cgpdh the inhibitor of no synthase lngnitroarginine restored the cgpdh activity inhibited by no in cultured cells whereas the inhibitor of guanylyl cyclase h oxadiazolealpha quinoxalinone odq has no effect no directly inhibits cgpdh activity not via a cgmpdependent mechanism finally using SDM we found that cys of cgpdh was sensitive to both selenite and no from the results we suggest that cgpdh is a target of cellular redox regulation
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positron emission tomography pet has been used as a tool by investigators for many years to study metabolic processes in the body primarily with the radiopharmaceutical fluordeoxyglucose however use of this technology has not been widespread because of the high expense of the equipment and its limitation to the imaging of positron emitters only recent improvements in scintillation camera technology have now made it possible to produce hybrid multihead cameras that can CF in a coincidence mode for the detection of the annihilation radiation from positron emitters and in the normal mode for routine singlephoton imaging although still limited in sensitivity these camera systems continue to be improved and the recent addition of iterative reconstruction algorithms and attenuation correction capability have resulted in significant improvements in image SQ the integration of a low resolution computed tomography ct scanner with a dualhead camera by manufacturer now makes it possible to perform attenuation correreditary RLS rls in comparison to those of nonhereditary rls we analysed the clinical data of rls patients all patients diagnosed as rls according to the criteria of the international rls T0 group were examined using a standard questionnaire covering demographic data family history clinical PS subjective sleep disturbances and course of the disease in all patients a CR neurological examination was performed and in selected cases EP examinations and polysomnographic studies family history was rated as definitely positive when at least one firstdegree relative was examined and classified as rls according to the criteria by one of the authors if it proved impossible to contact family members to verify reports of a family history the patients were classified as only having a possible positive family PH of the patients had irls and AA rls due to uremia urls of the patients with irls and of those with urls were classified as having definite positive hereditary rls with a further of irls patients and of urls patients as having possible positive hereditary rls patients with definite hereditary rls were significantly younger at the age of onset than those with a negative family history vs years p the clinical characteristics of the disease were similar in both groups except that women with hereditary rls experienced a worsening of symptoms during pregnancy vs p our study shows that patients with hereditary rls may experience an earlier onset of the disease hereditary and nonhereditary rls present with similiar clinical signs and PS
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aging leads to C1 vessel arterial stiffening and EC dysfunction which are important determinants of cardiovascular risk the aim of present work was to assess the effects of chronic aerobic exercise training on aortic stiffening and endothelial dysfunction in aged rats and investigate the underlying mechanism about mitochondrial function chronic AE training att aortic stiffening with age marked by reduced collagen concentration increased elastin concentration and reduced pulse wave velocity pwv and prevented agingrelated EC dysfunction marked by improved endotheliummediated vascular EC50 of aortas in response to acetylcholine chronic aerobic exercise training abated oxidative stress and nitrosative stress in aortas of aged rats more importantly we found that chronic aerobic exercise training in old rats preserved aortic mitochondrial CF marked by reduced reactive oxygen species ros formation and mitochondrial swelling increased atp formation and mitochondrial dna content and restored MICs of complexes i and iii and electroncoupling capacity between complexes i and iii and between complexes ii and iii in addition it was found that chronic AE training in old rats enhanced protein expression of uncoupling protein ucp peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor γ coactivator α pgcα manganese superoxide dismutase mnsod aldehyde dehydrogenase aldh prohibitin phb and ampactivated kinase ampk phosphorylation in aortas in conclusion chronic aerobic exercise training preserved mitochondrial function in aortas which at least in part explained the aortaprotecting effects of exercise training in aging
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activationinduced cytidine deaminase aid is essential for class switch recombination csr and somatic hypermutation shm of ig genes the c terminus of aid is required for csr but not for shm but the reason for this is not entirely clear by retroviral transduction of mutant aid proteins into aid mouse splenic B1 we show that amino acids within the c terminus of mouse aid when individually mutated to specific amino acids rk ak ls fs reduce csr about as much or more than deletion of the entire c terminal amino acids similar to δaid the substitutions reduce binding of ung to ig sμ regions and some reduce binding of msh both of which are important for introducing s region dna breaks junctions between the igh donor switch sμ and acceptor sα regions from cells expressing δaid or the ls mutant show increased microhomology compared to junctions in cells expressing wildtype aid consistent with problems during csr and the use of alternative endjoining rather than nonhomologous endjoining nhej unlike deletion of the aid c terminus of the substitution mutants reduce dna doublestrand breaks dsbs detected within the sμ region in splenic B1 undergoing csr cells expressing these substitution mutants also have greatly reduced mutations within unrearranged sμ regions and they decrease with time after activation these results might be explained by increased errorfree repair but as the c terminus has been shown to be important for recruitment of nhej proteins this appears unlikely we hypothesize that sμ dna breaks in cells expressing these c terminus substitution mutants are poorly repaired resulting in destruction of sμ segments that are deaminated by these mutants this could explain why these mutants cannot undergo csr
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this article discusses recent innovations and changes in practice in UL regional anaesthesia dividing the blocks into those performed above the clavicle those performed in the area of the clavicle and those performed below it it offers a critical appraisal of the current status with regard to the use of ultrasound nerve location for UL regional anaesthesia and while accepting that the use of ultrasound in this way has many theoretical advantages and will therefore continue to grow concludes that there is currently insufficient published evidence to determine conclusively that the use of this technique is associated with nerve blocks that are more successful or safer
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in patients referred to the pulmonary function laboratory for evaluation of hyperventilation syndrome hvs and in whom somatic causes of the complaints had been excluded we investigated the degree of concordance between three widely applied diagnostic methods the standardized nijmegen questionnaire on major daily complaints the reproduction of the same symptoms during the HV provocation test hvpt and the responses of ET co fraction fetco during the hvpt in of the patients a concordance was found between nijmegen questionnaire ie score of or more and symptom reproduction during hvpt ie recognition of at least L1 daily complaints based on these combined data we made a definite diagnosis of hvs in patients of nonhvs in patients and we retained only a possible hvs in patients each of the complaints in the questionnaire contributed significantly to the distinction between hvs and nonhvs patients and a striking similarity in rank order of daily complaints and reproduced symptoms was found the responses in fetco during hvpt had little additional diagnostic value a spontaneous fall of at least fetco during the min adaptation period before the hvpt was most reliably correlated with the aforementioned diagnostic criteria of hvs specificity sensitivity and accuracy neither the min fetco ratio nor the min fetco ratio during REC T3 the hvpt showed a good rho with the other diagnostic criteria the response of fetco during hvpt did especially not provide additional useful diagnostic information in the patients with only possible hvs
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semiconductor zinc oxide nanorods nrzno were prepared by solgel technique using zinc acetate as the precursor and ammonia as the precipitating agent the prepared photocatalyst were characterized by xray diffraction xrd fourier transform infrared ftir uvvisible DRS uvvisdrs XPS xps field emissionscanning electron microscopy fesem atomic force microscopy afm high resolutiontunneling microscope hrtem brunauer emmett and teller bet and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy epr analysis particle size of the prepared photocatalyst was established by xrd and fesem analysis the morphology and the formation of uniform nrzno was controlled by the temperature entire concentration of precursors duration of aging process high surface roughness and porosity confirmed by afm analysis band gap SE of the synthesized photocatalyst ev was determined by using DRS the insitu production of oh radicals by the prepared photocatalyst was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy epr spin trapping technique the photocatalytic activity of prepared nrzno was evaluated by photo degradation of 2,4-D d under uv and visible light irradiations exp parameter such as effect of ph catalyst dosage initial d concentrations and addition of different electrolytes on the degradation of d was also studied in detail neutral ph was found to be the optimum and catalyst dosage of mgml resulted in higher percentage of degradation the photo degraded samples were analependent variables with a significance level edax analysis revealed a significant decrease in the relative content of contaminants like carbon p in laser surfacetreated group as compared to non surfacetreated group xray diffraction did not show any NC in the crystalline structure induced by laser processing it was concluded that the fs laser is a clean and safe method for surface modification of aytzp
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purpose mdm is an oncogene whose p21 may promote tumorigenesis by blocking wildtype p tumor suppressor mediated g g cell cycle arrest thereby inhibiting repair of damaged dna prior to cell division while mdm dna amplification is frequently observed in human sarcoma the mechanisms linking this amplification to mdm oncoprotein overproduction as well as its functional significance have not been well characterized in patients with soft tissue sarcomamethods a tissue bank of resected soft tissue sarcomas and autologous normal tissues was assembled all specimens were snap frozen within min of resection dna and rna were extracted from tissues using isoamyl alcohol and phenol chloroform SE methods respectively cell lysates were prepared using pbstds lysis buffer dna and mrna were confirmed as being nondegraded and were then examined for mdm dna amplification southern blots and mrna overexpression RNA blots using actin dna and glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase mrna as loading controls the mdm protein was examined on western blots using the mdmspecific monoclonal antibody if oncogene science inc the presence of p dna and expression of p mrna was examined by rehybridizing the southern and northern filters using a pspecific cdna proberesults soft tissue sarcomas and autologous normal tissues were screened for mdm dna amplification which was detected in of PT screened after screening there was sufficient biomaterials from six specimens for subsequent RNA and western analysis to see whether mdm gene amplification correlated with overexpression of mdm mrna and mdm protein in addition we examined whether other mechanisms may lead to overexpression of the mdm oncoprotein several possible mechanisms of mdm oncoprotein overexpression were identified these most commonly included mdm dna amplification mdm mrna overexpression and mdm oncoprotein overexpression however some soft tissue sarcoma patient specimens had no evidence of mdm mrna overexpression yet had mdm oncoprotein overproduction in the tumor relative to autologous normal tissue implying possible posttranscriptional regulation of PET relevance mdm oncoprotein overproduction by tumors was associated with large decreases in the percentage of cells in the g Tc interface compared with autologous normal tissue cellsdiscussion it is likely that there are multiple mechanisms underlying human soft tissue sarcoma mdm oncoprotein overproduction consequently strategies that decrease mdm overproduction such as transcriptional repression to inhibit mdm promoter activity or rna antisense approaches may ultimately offer the best therapeutic tau
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a better knowledge of female sporogenesis and gametogenesis could have several practical applications from commercial hybrid seed production to gene containment in gm crops with the purpose of isolating genes involved in the megasporogenesis process the cdnaaflp technique was employed to isolate transcriptderived fragments tdf differentially expressed between femalefertile and femalesterile fullsib alfalfa plants this female sterility trait involves femalespecific arrest of sporogenesis at early prophase associated with ectopic massive callose deposition within the nucellus ninetysix tdfs were generated and blast analyses revealed similarities with genes involved in different gene ontology categories three tdfs were selected based on their putative functions showing high similarity to a soybean flowerexpressed beta glucanase to an arabidopsis thaliana mapkkk and to an a thaliana eukaryotic initiation translation factor eifg iii respectively the full length mrna sequences were obtained rtpcr and in situ hybridizations were performed to confirm differential expression during flower OD the genomic organization of the three genes was assessed through sequencing and southern experiments sequence polymorphisms were found between sterile and fertile plants our RPA based on differential display and bulked segregant analysis was successful in isolating genes that were differentially expressed between fertile and sterile alfalfa plants
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hypothalamic orexinhypocretin orxhcrt neurons are thought to mediate both foodreinforced behaviors and behavior motivated by drugs of abuse however the relative role of the orxhcrt system in SMB motivated by food versus drugs of abuse remains unclear this investigation addressed this question by contrasting Thy orxhcrt neuronal activation associated with reinstatement of reward seeking induced by stimuli conditioned to cocaine coc versus highly palatable food reward sweetened condensed milk scm orxhcrt neuronal activation in the lateral hypothalamus dorsomedial hypothalamus and perifornical area determined by dual cfosorx immunocytochemistry was quantified in rat brains following reinstatement of reward seeking induced by a discriminative CS- s
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neodymiumironboron ndfeb magnets have become highly desirable for modern hitech applications these magnets in general contain two key rare earth elements rees ie neodymium nd and dysprosium dy which are responsible for the very high strength of these magnets allowing for considerable size and weight reduction in modern applications this T0 aims to explore the current and future potential of a AA supply of Nd and dysprosium from recycling of ndfeb magnets for this purpose material flow analysis mfa has been carried out to perform the detailed mapping of stocks and flows of ndfeb magnets in denmark a novel element of this study is the value added to the traditionally practiced mfas at national andor global C2 by complementing them with a comprehensive sampling and elemental analysis of ndfeb magnets taken out from a sample of different products representing various product types the results show that the current amount of neodymium and dysprosium in ndfeb magnets present in the danish waste stream is only and mg respectively however this number is estimated to increase to mg of neodymium and mg of dysprosium by nevertheless efficient REC of these elements from a very diverse electronic waste stream remains a logistic and economic challenge
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new orexigenic peptides called orexins have recently been described in the neurons of the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area no orexins have been found in the adipose tissues or visceral organs including the adrenal gland however expression of the orexin receptor oxr in the rat adrenal gland has been reported with regard to the effects of orexins on IP organs we previously reported that orexins suppress catecholamine synthesis and secretion in the rat pheochromocytoma cell L1 pc to further clarify the pharmacological effects of orexins on IP organs we examined the effects of orexina on catecholamine cortisol and aldosterone secretion using cultured porcine adrenal glands we initially confirmed the expression of the orexin receptor oxr in cultured porcine AM and SC orexina nm significantly increased the release of both epinephrine e and norepinephrine ne from porcine adrenal medullary cells similarly orexina or nm significantly increased the release of both cortisol and aldosterone from porcine adrenal cortex cells orexina nm significantly inhibited basal and the pacapinduced increase in camp levels in adrenal medullary cells conversely orexina o nm significantly increased the camp level in adrenal SC cells these results indicate that orexina induces the PR of catecholamine from porcine adrenal medullary cells and aldosterone and cortisol from the cortex cells and has opposite effects on camp C2 in adrenal medulla and SC
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the superconductorinsulator transition sit in regular arrays of josephson junctions is studied at low temperatures we derived an imaginary time ginzburglandautype action properly describing the coulomb interaction the renormalization group analysis at zero temperature t in the space dimensionality d shows that the sit is always of the first order at finite t a tricritical point separates the lines of the first and secondorder phase EMT the same conclusion holds for d if the mutual capacitance is larger than the distance between junctions
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the long noncoding rna plasmacytoma variant translocation pvt is highly expressed in a variety of tumors and is believed to be a potential oncogene however the role and mechanism of action of pvt in the carcinogenesis and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinomas npcs remains unclear in this study for the first time we have discovered that pvt shows higher expression in npcs than in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissue and patients with npcs who show higher expression of pvt have worse PFS and overall survivals additionally we observed that the proliferation of npc cells decreased and their rate of apoptosis increased these results indicated that the knockdown of pvt expression in the npc cells induced radiosensitivity further we have shown that the knockdown of pvt expression can induce apoptosis in the npc cells by influencing the dna damage repair pathway after radiotherapy in GA our study shows that pvt may be a novel biomarker for prognosis and a new target for the treatment of npcs additionally targeting pvt may be a potential strategy for the clinical management of npc and for the improvement of the curative effect of radiation in npcs
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a CS highperformance LC hplc method for the separation and determination of diacylglycerophospholipid and diacylglycerol dag molecular species has been developed phospholipids are hydrolysed with phospholipase c and the resulting dags are reacted with NAP chloride in the presence of dimethylaminopyridine the naproxendags were purified by TLC on silica gel g plates molecular species were separated using reversedphase hplc with isocratic elution and determined by measuring the absorbance at nm or fluorescence at nm excitation at nm the method was applied to the determination of diacylglycerophosphoethanolamine in rat cerebrum and cerebellum the molar absorption coefficient of the NAP derivatives was lmol cm at nm permitting the generation of linear concentrationdependent determinations down to less than pmol a tenfold increase in sensitivity was obtained with a fluorescence detection system owing to the FL properties of the proposed adduct
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soy protein isolate spi and polyethylene oxide peo were dissolved in hexafluoropropanol hfip and nonwoven nanofiber CM were prepared from the solution by electrospinning peo functioned as a cospinning polymer in the process to improve the spinnability of spi the ratio of spi to peo was varied and the rest spinning conditions remained unchanged the morphology of the nanofiber membranes spi and peo distribution and phase structure in the fiber crystallization and interaction between spi and peo thermal properties and wettability of the CM were studied the results showed that the diameter of most of the nanofibers was in the range of nm spi and peo showed high compatibility in the fiber and spi was homogeneously dispersed at nanoscale crystallization of spi and peo in the fiber was significantly different from that of their pure forms all the nanofiber CM showed superhydrophilicity these nanofiber membranes can find importance in filtration and biomedical applications
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a BL sequential lung transplant was performed on a young female with cystic fibrosisrelated bronchiectasis she had negative prospective t and bcell crossmatch and no known donorspecific antibodies posttransplantation she developed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates of uncertain etiology compounded by persistent ART and questionable medication adherence despite aggressive intervention for suspected cellular rejection with highdose intravenous corticosteroid immunoglobulin and antithymocyte AHG her condition deteriorated to ultimately require ventilatory support the eventual discovery of eplet donorrecipient mismatches on related dqb alleles raised the diagnosis of antibodymediated rejection before plasmapheresis could be instituted the patient rapidly succumbed to respiratory failure postmortem examination confirmed features of atypical allograft rejection without evidence of classic acute cellular rejection this is an unconventional case of antibodymediated lung allograft AAR an entity that is currently a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge prevention of DSA by correct donorrecipient matching and optimizing adherence posttransplantation are most important
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we studied the ICC characteristics of the ballooned SN bn in three patients with cortical degeneration with neuronal achromasia cdna using antibodies to phosphorylated neurofilaments pnf tau alz ubiquitin beta a amyloid and glial fibrillary acidic protein all bn exhibited intense perikaryal IF for pnf protein most bn and some normalappearing SN also stained for ubiquitin and alz the bn did not immunostain for tau and none of the cases had taureactive neocortical neurofibrillary tangles or pick HB one case had occasional senile plaques that stained for beta amyloid no case had amyloid angiopathy our findings suggest that the pathophysiologic basis of the cortical degeneration in cdna involves an alteration of neuronal CSK metabolism affecting neurofilament and possibly microtubular proteins in conjunction with activation of the ubiquitin proteolytic system
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given the VHF of psychiatric disorders pds observed among patients with epilepsy studies have highlighted the necessity of psychiatric DUE for these patients especially for those with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy with MTS tlemts who are surgical candidates current evidence highlights the safety of videoelectroencephalography veeg as a means of investigation in patients with tlemts and pds however the presence of such disorders has still been seen as a contraindication for presurgical evaluation with veeg in some epilepsy centers mainly because of the risk of negative behavioral events the present retrospective cohort study performed in a brazilian tertiary epilepsy center aimed to identify whether the presence of a pd remains a contraindication for presurgical veeg clinical sociodemographic and psychiatric data from patients who underwent veeg as part of their presurgical DUE were compared to data from patients with refractory tlemts who had not undergone veeg psychiatric diagnoses were determined using the dsmiv and ilae criteria psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in patients MD was the most frequent pd and was observed in patients anxiety disorders were observed in patients of the patients who underwent presurgical veeg only were found to have a pd during the presurgical psychiatric DUE compared to of the who did not undergo veeg p rr the present findings suggest that the presence of a pd CT should not be a contraindication for veeg monitoring and epilepsy surgery
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rapid progress in genetics has meant that there are now five genes identified for FPD the detailed phenotypes vary but generally the dominant genes cause a lewy body disease spectrum whereas recessive genes cause a milder parkinsonism with VL inclusion body pathology the subject of this review is to highlight these discoveries and to discuss their relationships to IPD
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riboflavin carrier protein rcp is obligatorily involved in yolk deposition of the vitamin riboflavin in the developing oocyte of the hen the production of this protein is inducible by oestrogen it is evolutionarily conserved in terms of its physicochemical immunological and PET characteristics it is the prime mediator of vitamin supply to the developing fetus in mammals including primates passive immunoneutralization of the protein terminates pregnancy in rats AS immunization of rats and bonnet monkeys with avian rcp prevents pregnancy without causing any adverse physiological effects of the mother in terms of her vitamin status reproductive cycles or reproductiveendocrine profile denatured linearized rcp is more effective in eliciting neutralizing antibodies capable of interfering with embryonic viability either before or during periimplantation stages two defined stretches of sequential epitopes one located at the nterminus and the other at the cterminus of the protein have been identified active immunization with either of these epitopes conjugated with diphtheria toxoid curtails pregnancy in rats and monkeys immunohistochemical localization of rcp on ovulated oocytes and early embryos shows that the antibodies cause degeneration only of early embryos rcp is produced intratesticularly and becomes localized on acrosomal surface of mammalian spermatozoa AS immunization of male rats and monkeys with denatured rcp markedly reduces fertility by impairing the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa these findings suggest that rcp or its defined fragments could be a novel first generation vaccine for regulating fertility in both the sexes
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oriental cholangiohepatitis och also called recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is characterized by intrahepatic duct calculi strictures and recurrent infections in turn cholangitis can result in multiple hepatic abscesses further biliary strictures and in severe cases progressive hepatic PC destruction cirrhosis and portal hypertension magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography mrcp and conventional tweighted tw and tweighted tw magnetic resonance imaging mri findings have been described in patients with och mrcp findings include duct dilation strictures and calculi mrcp can help to localize the diseased ducts and determine the severity of involvement t and tw sequences reveal the parenchymal changes of atrophy abscess formation and portal hypertension in addition to calculi posttreatment changes are also well depicted using mri comprehensive noninvasive assessment is achieved by using conventional mri and mrcp in och providing a roadmap for endoscopic or surgical management
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the activity of platelet activating factor pafacether and the effects of TPS antagonists bn and web on microvessels were studied the mesentery of anaesthetized male WR was exteriorized and arranged for microscopic observation of the microcirculation in situ vessel diameters were measured with an image splitting micrometer adjusted to the phototube of the TSM images were displayed on the monitor screen of a closedcircuit television system topical application of paf and microm enlarged the diameter of mesenteric arterioles and venules which was antagonized by paf antagonists administered iv mgkg or topically microm bolus i.t. microgramskg or perfusion ngkgmin of paf significantly decreased MAP blood pressure of the animals and slightly increased arteriolar diameters these effects were blocked by the paf antagonists endotoxin mgkg iv significantly enlarged arteriolar diameters and produced a significant drop of arterial blood pressure these effects were blocked by the paf antagonists at doses equivalent to those used to antagonize the effects of paf the leukocyte activator fmlp as well as lysopaf and paf antagonists were devoid of effects on the MC when applied topically or injected iv we conclude that MES microvessels contribute to the hypotensive effect of paf and endotoxin and that paf is released at the mesenteric area during endotoxic shock
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quantitative detection of hydrogen peroxide in solution above a streptococcus gordonii sg bacterial biofilm was studied in real time by scanning electrochemical microscopy secm the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was determined to be mm to mm in the presence of mm glucose over a period of to h the hydrogen peroxide production measured was higher near the biofilm surface in comparison to sg grown planktonically differential hydrogen peroxide production was observed both by fluorometric as well as by secm measurements the interaction between two different species in a bacterial biofilm of sg and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans aa in terms of hydrogen peroxide production was also studied by secm onedirectional yscan secm measurements showed the unique spatial mapping of hydrogen peroxide concentration across a mixed species biofilm and revealed that hydrogen peroxide concentration varies greatly dependent upon local species composition
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metal and nutrient concentrations were measured in five running water sampling sites of new caledonia metal concentrations were homogeneous ni μg l or not fe μg l concentrations of ni cr fe were high including high dissolved fractions up to and μg l respectively concentrations of anthropogenic metals ag as cd cu pb sb v zn were low maximum total cu μg l the contamination of waters is presumably due to soil weathering and mining MICs metal concentrations and phosphate depletion μmol l suggest constrained conditions for the OD of aquatic life
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pulsed magnetic fields pemfs have been used effectively to treat bone fractures and sciaticnervesectioninduced osteopenias properly applied pemfs are presumed to stimulate osteogenesis mousetail suspension has been implemented as a means of inducing an osteopenic response in the long bones of the hind limbs to evaluate localized pemf effects the mousesuspension model was modified to accommodate the use of miniature wire coils affixed directly to the rear legs laterally and axially orientated pemf effects were compared three test groups of mice included c control mice s tailsuspended mice with treatment apparatus attached and sf tailsuspended mice with apparatus attached and pemfs delivered the sf group was divided into mice receiving axial or lateral pemfs significant bone changes occurred in suspended as compared with control mice T3 a week test period the pemf mice showed significantly fewer osteopenic effects than did UT suspended mice these findings are based on biomechanical measures of stiffness strength ductility and SE as well as wholebone mass and porosity the effects of pemfs on these properties differ for axial and lateral exposures the results are discussed in terms of mechanisms underlying pemf effects
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the GABA effect of inorganic phosphate on the activity determination of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase ap in diethanolamine dea glycine and aminomethylpropandiol ampd buffer was studied this effect depends on the buffer used and isoenzyme investigated especially the placental isoenzyme is inhibited the inhibitory effect in dea buffer is stronger than in the other buffers used the requirement of purity for nitrophenylphosphate with respect to its content of inorganic phosphate and conclusions for using control sera EC with ap isoenzymes are discussed
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many of the hundreds of thousands of survivors of polio are now developing postpolio syndrome symptoms include progressive muscle weakness fatigue decreased endurance joint and muscle pain WG respiratory difficulties and sleep disturbance often precipitated or exacerbated by a typea personality DP a postpolio patient with typea personality was taught selfhypnosis as a vital component of treatment prepost testing included the profile of mood states the statetrait anxiety inventory the statetrait anger inventory and the personal orientation inventory the patients spouse was interviewed during the followup at the month followup improvements were documented in pain level depression selfregard selfacceptance capacity for intimate contact time competence living in the present confusion anxiety insomnia and in trait and state anger only a mild improvement occurred in fatigue and no improvement was found in weight control followup at months confirmed the maintenance of improvements selfhypnosis training may prove extremely helpful for postpolio patients and may prove helpful in modifying central characteristics of typea personality
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during severe heat shock which known to interrupt both splicing of rna transcripts and nucleocytoplasmic transport it is to be expected that the substructure of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins hnrnp is altered in some way recently we have shown that such a AS actually induces rapid alterations at the level of individual proteins lutz y m jacob and jp fuchs exp cell res here we report further investigations on two related kd hnrnp proteins whose SMB is also rapidly modified by a heat shock at degrees c whereas no effect is observed at degrees c using a monoclonal antibody we show that in situ the antigens are available only when the cells are heat shocked at degrees c subcellular fractionation shows that in normal cells the antigens are associated with the bulk of hnrnp s during heat shock whereas the overall characteristics of the bulk of preexisting hnrnp are unchanged these antigens rapidly switch to a subpopulation of hnrnp with larger average size to less than s and increased stability structural analysis of the associated hnrnp in normal and stressed cells shows that in both cases the antigens are associated with the NM subcomplex of hnrnp which in situ is part of the internal nuclear matrix such hnrnp antigens which are rapidly redistributed during a heat shock at the upper temperature range of the AS response might well be involved in splicing andor transport control
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osteoclastlike cells are known to inhibit arterial calcification receptor activator of nfκb ligand rankl is likely to act as an inducer of OCL differentiation however several studies have shown that rankl promotes arterial calcification rather than inhibiting arterial calcification the present study was conducted in order to investigate and elucidate this paradox firstly rankl was added into the media and the monocyte F0 cells were cultured morphological observation and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase trap IF were used to assess whether rankl could induce the monocyte precursor cells to differentiate into OCLs during arterial calcification in vivo and in vitro expression of rankl and its inhibitor OPG opg was detected by realtime pcr the extent of OCL differentiation was also assessed it was found rankl could induce osteoclastlike cell differentiation there was no in vivo or in vitro expression of osteoclastlike cells in the early stage of calcification at that time the ratio of rankl to opg was very low in the late stage of calcification a small amount of OCL expression coincided with a relatively high ratio of rankl to opg according to the results the ratio of rankl to opg was very low during most of the arterial calcification period this made it possible for opg to CR inhibit ranklinduced OCL differentiation this likely explains why rankl had the ability to induce osteoclastlike cell differentiation but acted as a promoter of calcification instead
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trichomonas vaginalis isolate nyh was fractionated with immunoglobulin g of sera from patients with trichomoniasis subpopulations of trichomonads with phenotypes of either patient serumimmunoglobulin g reactive ps or nonreactive ps were obtained flow cytofluorometry of ps and ps subpopulations with a monoclonal antibody called ca which reacts with a MW immunogen of t vaginalis gave corresponding FL positive and nonfluorescent negative phenotypes no relationship was seen between ps and ps phenotypes and binding of soybean agglutinin wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin a showing that ps organisms still possessed carbohydrate moieties on their surfaces based on lectin IB phenotypic variation among the ps and ps trichomonads was observed during in vitro growth a positivetonegative phenotype shift was also recorded for parasites obtained from lesions of mice subcutaneously infected with ps trichomonads the involvement of surface proteins in the differential ps and ps reactions was supported by soluble antigen and whole cell radioimmunoprecipitation assays finally enhanced parasitism and killing of hela cells in monolayer cultures were observed for ps subpopulations as compared with ps counterparts the data support the idea that phenotypic R2 for t vaginalis may be coordinated for a repertoire of trichomonad immunogens and that such membrane dynamics influence expression of virulence determinants for these sexually transmitted disease agents
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according to several conceptualizations of meditation the interplay between BB systems associated to selfrelated processing attention and executive control is crucial for meditative states and related traits we used MEG meg to investigate such interplay in a highly selected group of virtuoso meditators theravada buddhist monks with LT training in the two main meditation styles focused attention fa and open monitoring om meditation specifically we investigated the differences between fa meditation om meditation and G0 in the coupling between the PCC core node of the default mode network dmn implicated in mind wandering and selfrelated processing and the whole BB with a recently developed phase coherence approach our findings showed a state dependent coupling of posterior cingulate SC pcc to nodes of the dmn and of the executive control brain network in the alpha frequency band hz related to different attentional and cognitive control processes in fa and om meditation consistently with the putative role of alpha band synchronization in the functional mechanisms for attention and consciousness the coupling of pcc with left medial prefrontal SC lmpfc and superior frontal gyrus characterized the contrast between the two meditation styles in a way that correlated with meditation expertise these correlations may be related to a higher mindful observing ability and a reduced ID with ongoing mental activity in more expert meditators notably different styles of meditation and different meditation expertise appeared to modulate the dynamic balance between frontoparietal fp and dmn networks our results support the idea that the interplay between the dmn and the fp network in the alpha band is crucial for the transition from resting state to different meditative states
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histone deacetylase inhibitors hdacis are a promising class of anticancer epigenetic drugs however molecular factors influencing the responses of individual tumors to hdaci therapies remain obscure here we sought to identify genes associated with hdaci resistance in gastric cancer treating a panel of GC cell lines with multiple hdaci compounds trichostatin a saha and ms we identified two distinct classes of lines exhibiting either hdaci sensitivity or resistance genomic comparisons between the sensitive and resistant classes using two independent microarray platforms identified rnh encoding a ribonuclease inhibitor as a gene highly expressed in hdaciresistant lines using genetic knockdown and overexpression assays we show that rnh is both necessary and sufficient to induce hdaci resistance and that rnh is likely to mediate this resistance through the dampening of hdaciinduced ROS species ros in cancer cells the discovery of rnh as a regulator of hdaci resistance in gastric CA highlights a functional role for ros induction in the cellular effects of this important drug class
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bisphosphonates represent the agents of choice for most patients with osteoporosis they are the best studied of all agents for the prevention of BL and reduction in fractures they increase bmd primarily at the LS but also at the proximal femur in patients who have established OP bisphosphonates reduce the risk of vertebral fractures and are the only agents in prospective trials to reduce the risk of hip fractures and other nonvertebral fractures BPs reduce the risk of fracture quickly the risk of radiographic vertebral deformities is reduced after year of treatment with risedronate the risk of clinical vertebral fractures is reduced T3 year of treatment with alendronate and just months treatment with risedronate the antifracture effect of ris has been shown to continue through years of treatment alendronate and risedronate are approved by the fda for prevention of bone loss in recently menopausal women for treatment of PM osteoporosis and for prevention risedronate and treatment alendronate and risedronate of glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis alendronate is also approved for treatment of osteoporosis in men other bisphosphonates etidronate for oral use pamidronate and zoledronate for intravenous infusion are also available and can be used off label for patients who cannot tolerate approved agents although BPs combined with estrogen or raloxifene produce greater gains in bone mass compared with singleagent treatment the use of two antiresorptive agents in combination cannot be recommended because the benefit on fracture risk has not been demonstrated and because of increased cost and SE
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the anatomical location histology and immunohistochemistry of ferret dermal and subcutaneous fibrosarcomas were examined seven of the PT were from locations used for vaccination all fibrosarcomas contained spindleshaped cells surrounded by variable quantities of connective tissue stroma however vaccinationsite fibrosarcomas vsfs subjectively contained a higher degree of cellular pleomorphism multinucleated cells were present in three of seven vsfs but not in any of the nonvaccinationsite fibrosarcomas nvsfs C1 histiocytic cells interpreted as macrophages containing intracytoplasmic basophilic granular material were observed in two vsfs but not in any of the nvsfs five vsfs contained peripheral lymphoplasmacytic aggregates immunohistochemically three vsfs stained with antismooth muscle actin antibodies and one stained with antibodies against desmin no expression of muscle CSK filaments was observed in any nvsf filaments interpreted as actin were visible in both the vsfs examined ultrastructurally one of the vsfs examined ultrastructurally contained intracytoplasmic crystalline material the preferential OD of subcutaneous fibrosarcomas in vaccination CS suggests that as in cats vaccination may promote local sarcoma OD in ferrets additionally some of the histologic immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of these PT are similar to those reported for feline vaccineassociated sarcomas to the authors knowledge vaccination has not previously been reported to be oncogenic in any species other than cats
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transforming growth factorbeta tgfbeta is a multifunctional protein that modulates cell proliferation and interaction with the extracellular matrix three common tgfbeta receptors are found on the cell surface the type iii receptor is a transmembrane proteoglycan with a short cytoplasmic domain and is thought not to be involved in tgfbeta induced signalling in contrast the type ii and type i receptors are transmembrane serinethreonine kinases the RII determines the ligand specificity whereas the IL-1RI interacts with the type ii receptor and may not have a ligand IB specificity by itself both type ii and type i receptors are involved in tgfbeta induced signalling the RII likely in conjunction with the IL-1RI is required for the antiproliferative effect of tgfbeta whereas the type i receptor is the likely mediator of the effects of tgfbeta on the expression of several genes including some ECM to address the role of tgfbeta signalling in myoblast differentiation we transfected a dominant negative mutant of the RII in myoblasts thus inhibiting type ii receptor mediated signalling these cells not longer had the ability to differentiate in vitro or in vivo suggesting that tgfbeta signalling through the type ii receptor provides competence for myoblastic differentiation these studies also indicate that there are several signalling pathways involved in myoblastic differentiation one of which is modulated by the tgfbeta signalling
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two challenges need to be addressed before bringing nonmotor mental tasks for braincomputer interface bci control to persons in a minimally conscious state mcs who can be behaviorally unresponsive even when proven to be consciously aware first keeping the cognitive demands as low as possible so that they could be fulfilled by persons with mcs second increasing the control of experimental protocol ie type and timing of the task performance
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a year old man with hiv infection and hepatitis c infection presented with multiple firm nodules on the hands and ankles erythema elevatum diutinum is a rare chronic cutaneous vasculitis that may be associated with hematologic autoimmune and infectious diseases which include hiv infection firstline therapy includes dapsone as well as treatment of any underlying cause or infection
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a biosensor system based on the difference in the oxygen uptake response of two microbial electrodes was developed to monitor TMA tma the first electrode constructed using pseudomonas aminovorans grown on tma was sensitive to tma TMA noxide tmao dimethylamine dma and monomethylamine mma the second electrode responding to tmao dma and mma was prepared using ps aminovorans grown on tmao the difference in oxygen uptake was linearly related to the tma concentration in the range of microm the minimum detectable level was microm and the relative sigma was determined to be for repeated analyses when operated and stored at degrees c the response of the system was SD for only days however when the biosensor system was operated at degrees c but stored overnight at degrees c the system was stable up to days the biosensor system was applicable for the determination of tma in fish tissue extracts and the results compared well with those determined by hplc
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chemical modifications nescysbeta desargalpha and both modifications on the same molecule were made to nife hybrid hemoglobins and their effect on individual subunits was investigated by measuring oxygen equilibrium curves the feiin epsilon his f stretching raman lines and lightabsorption spectra the oxygen equilibrium properties indicated that modified nife hybrid hemoglobins remain good models for the corresponding deoxy ferrous hemoglobins although k the dissociation equilibrium constant for the first oxygen to bind to hemoglobin was decreased by the chemical modifications resonance raman spectra of deoxy alpha fe beta ni and lightabsorption spectra of deoxy alpha ni beta fe revealed that the state of alpha hemes in both hybrid hemoglobins underwent a transition from a deoxylike state to an oxylike state caused by these chemical modifications when k was about mm hg mm hg approximately pa on the other hand the state of beta hemes in hybrid hemoglobins was little affected when k was larger than mm hg modified alpha fe beta ni gave a hill coefficient greater than unity with a maximum of when k was about mm hg the twostate model predicts that the k value at the maximum hill coefficient should be much larger than this value for oxygen binding to unmodified alpha ni beta fe oxygen equilibrium data suggested no structural change while the spectral data showed a structural NC around niii protoporphyrin ix in the alpha subunits a similar situation was encountered with modified alpha ni beta fe although k was decreased as a result of the structural changes induced by the modifications
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we characterised the h arterial pressure ap profile and the left VVI lv structures and functions in pregnant women with pregnancyinduced hypertension pih or gestational diabetes mellitus gdm thirty pregnant women after weeks gestation normotensive with pih and with gdmwere investigated haemodynamically using h ap monitoring and doppler echocardiography for determination of lv structures and functions both systolic and diastolic the pih women had significantly higher ap determinations throughout the h with no change in the diurnal R2 ie nocturnal decline and early morning peaks the lv mass was greater in pih and gdm than in the normotensive women despite normal ap in gdm the increased lv mass in gdm was mainly due to lv dilatation and not to increased thickness of its walls in pih the increase in ap was due to peripheral vasoconstriction while cardiac SO was preserved the lv systolic functions did not differ among the three CG however a slight reduction in the myocardial contractility was found in pih and gdm the lv relaxation was significantly impaired in both pih and gdm thus gdm and pih although differing in their h ap profile are characterised by lv hypertrophy and reduction in diastolic function
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a newly developed ribosome display protocol was applied to the in vitro selection of polypeptide aptamers to small molecular weight chemicals hydroxynitrobenzylphosphonylhexanoic acid and vitamin b chosen from a peptide library of random sequences new peptide sequences IB to the targets were found after six rounds of this protocol
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slow adaptive responses are typical of aged animals the pace of intestinal adaptation is relatively rapid in young mice but is not known in aged mice in this T0 we determined the time course of adaptation of intestinal nutrient uptake to abrupt and substantial changes in C2 of dietary nutrients in young and aged mice mice moold and to moold controls were fed a no carbohydrate high protein diet for d and then were switched to a high carbohydrate LP for and d body weights feeding rates intestinal weights and lengths were all independent of diet within d T3 the switch in diet glucose and fructose uptakes increased in young and aged mice in both age CG alanine and AST uptakes decreased significantly whereas proline leucine and lysine uptakes were independent of diet in both age CG total intestinal absorptive capacity for gl and fructose increased overnight by about and respectively previous studies linked time course of adaptation to rates of enterocyte proliferation rates of enterocyte turnover and migration along the cryptvillus axis of proximal middle and distal small intestine were independent of age thus the time course of intestinal adaptation in aged mice remains largely unchanged from that in young mice probably because rates of enterocyte proliferation seem independent of age
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this article focuses on the surface engineering of ventricular assist devices vads for the treatment of heart failure patients which involves the modification of surfaces contacting blood in order to improve the blood compatibility hemocompatibility of the vads following an introduction to the categorization and the complications of vads this article pays attention on the hemocompatibility applications and limitations of six types of surface coatings for vads titanium nitride coatings diamondlike carbon coatings methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine CP coatings heparin coatings textured surfaces and endothelial cell linings in particular diamondlike coatings and heparin coatings are the most commonly used for vads owing to their excellent hemocompatibility durability and technical maturity for high performance and a long lifetime of vads surface modification with coatings to ensure hemocompatibility is as important as the mechanical design of the device
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the angiotensin ii type at receptor signals via heterotrimeric gproteins and intracellular IMT kinases here we investigate a modified at receptor termed m where the last five tyrosines residues and within the intracellular carboxyl tail have been mutated to phenylalanine this receptor did not elevate cytosolic free calcium or inositol phosphate production in response to angiotensin ii suggesting an uncoupling of the receptor from gprotein activation despite this the m receptor still G1 IMT kinases induced stat tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulated cell proliferation we also studied another at mutant receptor de stably expressed in chinese hamster ovarian cells and a fibroblast cell line from mice with a genetic inactivation of galphaq both cell lines have a deficit in calcium signaling and in gprotein activation and yet in both cell lines angiotensin ii induced the timedependent IMT phosphorylation of stat these studies are the first to show the ability of a seventransmembrane receptor to activate intracellular tyrosine kinase pathways in the absence of a gproteincoupled rise in intracellular calcium
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the risk of potential human exposure to mixed nanomaterials in consumer occupational and medicinal settings is increasing as nanomaterials enter both the workplace and the marketplace in this study we investigated the toxicity of mixed engineered carbon black ecb and maghemite iron oxide feo nanoparticles in a cellular system to understand the mechanism of toxicity and potential methods of toxicity mitigation lung epithelial cells a were exposed to mixed feo and ecb nanoparticles mixed feo and ecb NPs with the addition of lascorbic acid and mixed feo and surfaceoxidized engineered CB oxecb NPs the nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy nitrogen adsorption SA measurement bet xray diffraction and surface charge measurement the carbon black NPs were also characterized with a reductive capacity CA and by XPS xps the cellular uptake of NPs was analyzed via transmission electron microscopy and FM the cellular uptake of iron was quantified using ICP mass spectrometry icpms both the mtt assay and the ethidium homodimer and calcein am livedead assay were used to measure cellular proliferation and cytotoxicity respectively the dichlorofluorescein diacetate dcfhda CA elwise analyses of the normalized glucose metabolic data showed decreased CBF metabolism during citalopram treatment in the ACG MT gyrus precuneus amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus increased metabolism was observed in the putamen occipital cortex and cerebellum functional connectivity analyses revealed two networks which were uniquely associated with improvement of affective symptoms and cognitive function during treatment a subcorticallimbicfrontal network was associated with improvement in affect depression and anxiety while a medial temporalparietalfrontal network was associated with improvement in cognition immediate verbal learningmemory and verbal fluency the regions that comprise the cognitive network overlap with the regions that are affected in alzheimers PSD thus alterations in specific brain networks associated with improvement of affective symptoms and cognitive CF are observed during CIT treatment in geriatric depression
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importin ipo the newest member of importinbeta family discovered recently is a unique nucleuscytoplasm bidirectional transport receptor protein in this study ipo expression in human corneal tissue limbal epithelial primary explant and clonal culture was evaluated by immunostaining and reversetranscription polymerase chain reasgon ipo function was evaluated in the corneal epithelial culture treated with ipo inhibitor or fetal bovine SS fbscontaining dulbeccos modified eagles medium dmem medium by colonyforming efficiency clone growth capacity mtt IS and western blotting assay ipo protein was expressed mainly in nuclei of limbal epithelial basal cells but not in the other cell layers of limbus and full thickness of corneal epithelia ipo was expressed in the majority of epithelial cells in earlystage clones and in the margin of latestage clones ipo was positively expressed in mouse tke progenitor cells cultured in KC serumfree defined medium while it became negative in fbscontaining dmem which promoted tke cell differentiation in the presence of ipo inhibitor ipo expression and the proliferative capacity decreased in human limbal epithelial clones and mouse tke cells which were accompanied with the cell differentiation in conclusion our findings demonstrate for the first time that ipo is uniquely expressed by human limbal basal epithelial cells and plays an important role in maintaining the phenotype high proliferative potential and less differentiation of corneal epithelial progenitor cells suggesting that ipo could serve as a novel potential marker for corneal epithelial progenitor cells
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fas was recently demonstrated to be the L1 target molecule engaged by cd CTL ctl we examined fas expression on various cloned t cell subpopulations and their susceptibility to lysis by cd or cd ctl a reciprocal relationship in fas and fasligand expression was observed in cd t helper th and thtype clones and fas mrna was predominantly detected in th clones whereas fasligand mrna was principally found in th clones the two th clones tested expressed both fas and fasligand but only one exhibited cytolytic activity whereas both were CS to cdmediated lysis a functional consequence of the inverse FasL expression pattern was that th and th cells were CS to lysis by both th cd ctl and a cd ctl clone in a fasdependent manner these results suggest that cytolytic cd th cells may play an immunomodulatory role regulating a thth response by fasmediated lysis
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as a result of a number of AF there is tremendous diversity in the pattern of cardiac mechanics encountered in athletes nevertheless several trends can be identified and several conclusions are possible hypertrophy of a mild to moderate degree and out of proportion to body size is a common finding some athletes experience ventricular dilation with AGA hypertrophy and preservation of the ventricular masstovolume ratio whereas others manifest CH with an increased masstovolume ratio the PET changes that are encountered appear to be secondary to the structural alterations and there is no evidence of altered myocardial systolic or diastolic properties some athletes with hypertrophy have reduced WS when they are evaluated at rest and Vo is augmented because of the reduced afterload as a result of adaptation to a highoutput state some athletes appear preload reduced when evaluated at rest although velocity of shortening is not affected by preload status FS is inversely related to preload the magnitude of systolic shortening is therefore the net result of altered preload and afterload and cannot be understood without assessing both of these parameters when the various determinants of SS are included contractility appears to be normal there have been several reports of depressed contractility immediately T3 extreme exertion although the mechanism remains uncertain several intriguing possibilities have been proposed
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many popular object detectors such as adaboost svm and deformable partbased models dpm compute additive scoring functions at a large number of windows in an image pyramid thus computational efficiency is an important consideration in real time applications besides accuracy in this paper a decision policy refers to a CS of twosided thresholds to execute early reject and early accept based on the cumulative scores at each step we formulate an empirical risk function as the weighted sum of the cost of computation and the loss of false alarm and missing detection then a policy is said to be costsensitive and optimal if it minimizes the risk function while the risk CF is complex due to highorder correlations among the twosided thresholds we find that its upper bound can be optimized by dynamic programming efficiently we show that the upper bound is very tight empirically and thus the resulting policy is said to be nearoptimal in experiments we show that the decision policy outperforms stateoftheart cascade methods significantly in several popular PCD tasks and benchmarks in terms of computational efficiency with similar accuracy of detection
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a case is reported of a yearold boy who presented with continuous pain in his right leg cortical thickening and diffuse medullary sclerosis was revealed on xray of the distal tibia ct imaging showed a circumscribed annular DP extending some cms and indicating the multifocal nature of the lesion the diagnosis of multifocal osteoid osteoma was confirmed after histological examination of the block of resected bone
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acetylcholinesterase che sensor based on prussian blue pb modified electrode was developed and tested for the PCD of OP and carbamic pesticides the signal of the sensor was generated in pb mediated oxidation of thiocholine recorded at mv in dc mode che from electric eel was immobilized by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde in the presence of bovine SS Al bsa on the surface of screenprinted carbon electrode covered with pb and nafion the content of the surface layer specific enzyme activity nafion and bsa amounts was optimized to establish high and reliable response toward the substrate and che inhibitors the chepb sensor makes it possible to detect aldicarb paraoxon and parathionmethyl with limits of PCD and ppb respectively incubation min the feasibility of practical application of the chepb sensor developed for the monitoring of Kd of the pesticides in wine fermentation was shown to diminish matrix interferences the electrolysis of the grape juice with al anode and evaporation of ethanol were suggested however the procedures decrease the sensitivity of pesticide PCD and stability of the sample tested
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unilateral massive pulmonary atelectasis and pulmonary interstitial emphysema pie are problems that frequently occur in ventilated premature infants selective main bronchus intubation sbi of the atelectatic lung or the CL lung in unilateral pie is an accepted procedure however whereas right sbi is usually easily performed left sbi is frequently difficult we have developed a method for left sbi using a regular portex endotracheal tube in which an elliptical hole cm in length has been cut through half the circumference cm above the tip of the oblique distal end with the elliptical side hole directed to the left lung left sbi can easily and repeatedly be accomplished this method may prove life saving in certain cases of unilateral atelectasis or pie
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surface electroencephalogram eeg recording remains the gold standard for noninvasive assessment of electrical brain activity it is the most efficient way to diagnose and classify epilepsy syndromes as well as define the localization of the epileptogenic zone the eeg is useful for management decisions and for establishing prognosis in some types of epilepsy electroencephalography is an evolving field in which new methods are being introduced the canadian society of clinical neurophysiologists convened an expert panel to develop new national minimal guidelines a comprehensive evidence review was conducted this document is organized into sections including indications recommendations for trained personnel eeg yield paediatric and neonatal eegs laboratory minimal standards requisitions reports storage safety measures and quality assurance
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we recently reported that paf acetylhydrolase pafah mrna level and pafah activity in lamb lungs are upregulated in the immediate newborn period thereby facilitating the fall in PN paf levels as well as a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance b o ibe f c sardar and j u raj mol genet metab we have studied hypoxia effects on paf synthesis and pafah activity in fetal lamb pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells fpasmc and endothelial cells fpaec we also studied paf synthesis by platelets and pafah activity in plasma of perinatal lambs at different ages paf synthesis means sem pmol cells by smc in baseline was and increased fold on stimulation with a hypoxia augmented astimulated paf synthesis by in fpaec baseline synthesis was and increased fold to hypoxia had no effect on paf synthesis by ec fpasmc produced over fold more paf than fpaec paf synthesis by platelets was and for fetal and newborn lambs h day and days old respectively paf synthesis by platelets of dayold lambs was different from that of fetal lambs pafah activity nmol lysopafminmg protein by fpasmc in normoxia was which was higher than the rate in hypoxia activity in fpaec was which was not different from hypoxia pafah activity in fetal lamb plasma was which was different from the activity in plasma of P0 day old activity in the other perinatal lambs did not differ from fetal or newborn d our data suggest that lower pulmonary vascular paf synthesis in normoxia together with higher pafah activity during immediate postnatal period is necessary to ensure rapid catabolism of paf in vivo so as to facilitate postnatal adaptation of the pulmonary and SVR circulations
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recent critical applications for ultralow expansion materials have required thermal expansion measurements with very high precision and accuracy a fizeau interferometer employing a heliumneon laser has given a precision of x cmcm a second more rapid method consists of a rod type vitreous silica dilatometer a stirred water bath is used for specimen temperature control and a high SO linear variable differential transformer serves as the extensometer precision of this method is x cmcm calibration procedures and results for several low expansion materials are discussed
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aromatase which is responsible for the conversion of androgens to Es is a potential therapeutic target for the selective lowering of estrogen C2 in patients with estrogendependent breast CA to develop a novel class of aromatase inhibitors we tested series of and substituted halogeno methyl formyl methoxy nitro and amino estrones and as well as series of alpha and betasubstituted alkyl phenalkyl and alkoxy estrones and and their estradiol analogs and as aromatase inhibitors all of the inhibitors examined blocked the androstenedione aromatization in a competitive manner introduction of halogeno and methyl functions at c of estrone as well as that of a phenalkyl or methyl function at the calpha or cbeta position markedly increased affinity to aromatase apparent ki value microm for the inhibitors versus microm for estrone alphaphenylestrone c was the most powerful inhibitor among the estrogens studied and its affinity was comparable to that of the androgen ATP androstenedione estradiol analogs were much weaker inhibitors than the corresponding estrone EDC in each series indicating that the carbonyl group plays a critical role in the formation of a thermodynamically stable EI
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in the endoplasmic reticulum er nlinked glycans nglycans CF as signals to recruit the lectin chaperones involved in protein folding SQ control and erassociated degradation we undertook a systematic T0 of the four nglycans of mutated CP yscy cpy to determine whether there are positional differences between the glycans in erassociated degradation we constructed hypoglycosylated cpy SCV containing one two or three nglycans in various combinations and studied their degradation kinetics we found that the four carbohydrate chains on cpy are not equal in their signaling CF presence of the asnlinked glycan is necessary and sufficient for efficient degradation of cpy we also analysed the involvement of the er lectins htmp and cnep yeast calnexin in the glycanbased recognition process with respect to number and position of nglycans we observed that htmp function depends on the presence of nglycans in general but that there is no positional preference for a particular glycan cnep however is selective with respect to ATP and participates in the quality control only of some underglycosylated SCV for cases in which both lectins are involved cnep and htmp play competing roles in targeting the ATP for degradation loss of cnep accelerates degradation whereas loss of htmp stabilizes the substrate
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the tau of defibrotide and calcium heparin in the prevention of UEDVT dvt in gynecological surgery were compared in a randomized T0 seventy patients candidate to gynecological surgery for benign conditions and candidate to surgery for HM were randomly allocated either to defibrotide mg bid im from the day before T0 to the th postoperative day n or to calcium heparin iu tid sc from the operation to the th postoperative day n the diagnosis of dvt was made with impedance plethysmography and if neceis required and where the use of suxamethonium is contraindicated
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with the use of tissueexpansion techniques it is possible to elongate the facial nerve without impairing its CF the rate of expansion is limited by ischemic events imposed by stretching of the nerve and by anatomic characteristics of the nerve segment in this T0 we used various electroneurography techniques to determine the first sign of facial dysfunction during expansion the main objective of the T0 was to ascertain testretest R2 of electroneurography techniques facial nerves were expanded in cats with the use of a tissue expander secured more deeply to the main trunk we conducted electroneurography measurements with the use of surface electrodes temporary needle electrodes and permanently implanted electrodes techniquedependent variations encountered with the surface electrodes made this method unreliable using implanted electrodes we noted gradual worsening of the compoundaction potential amplitude with increasing expansion during acute expansion reduction in compoundaction potential amplitude was correlated with clinically observed deterioration of facialnerve function in this study electroneurography with implanted electrodes was found to be the most reliable predictor of the rate of successful FN expansion
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microsomal and soluble epoxide hydrolase meh and seh fulfill apparently distinct roles whereas meh detoxifies xenobiotics seh hydrolyzes fatty acid fa signaling molecules and is thus implicated in a variety of physiological functions these epoxy fas comprise epoxyeicosatrienoic acids eets and epoxyoctadecenoic acids epomes which are formed by cyp epoxygenases from AA acid aa and LA acid respectively and then are hydrolyzed to their respective diols the socalled dhets and dihomes although eets and epomes are also substrates for meh its role in lipid signaling is considered minor due to lower abundance and activity relative to seh surprisingly we found that in plasma from meh ko mice hydrolysis rates for eet and epome were reduced by compared to wt plasma this strongly suggests that meh contributes substantially to the turnover of these fa epoxidesdespite kinetic parameters being in favor of seh given the crucial role of liver in controlling plasma diol C2 we next studied the capacity of seh and meh ko liver microsomes to synthesize dhets with varying concentrations of aa μm and nadph mehgenerated dhet C2 were similar to the ones generated by seh when aa concentrations were low μm or epoxygenase activity was curbed by modulating nadph with increasing aa concentrations seh became more dominant and with μm aa produced twice the level of dhets compared to meh immunohistochemistry of B6 liver slices further revealed that meh expression was more widespread than seh expression meh immunoreactivity was detected in hepatocytes kupffer cells endothelial cells and bile duct epithelial cells while seh immunoreactivity was confined to hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells finally transcriptome analysis of wt meh ko and seh ko CL was carried out to discern transcriptional changes associated with the loss of eh genes along the cypepoxygenaseeh axis we found several prominent dysregulations occurring in a parallel manner in both ko livers a gene expression of ephx encoding for meh protein was increased fold in seh ko while expression of ephx encoding for seh protein was increased fold in meh ko liver b cypc genes encoding for the predominant epoxygenases in mouse CL were mostly dysregulated in the same manner in both seh and meh ko mice showing that loss of either eh has a similar impact taken together meh appears to play a leading role in the hydrolysis of eet and epome and also contributes to the hydrolysis of other fa epoxides it probably profits from its high affinity for fa epoxides under nonsaturating conditions and its close PCS proximity to cyp epoxygenases and compensates its lower abundance by a more widespread expression being the only eh present in several sehlacking cell types
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AEP steady state responses assrs are frequently used to assess AEP function recently the interest in effects of attention on assrs has increased in this paper we investigated for the first time possible effects of attention on assrs evoked by amplitude modulated and frequency modulated chirps paradigms different paradigms were designed using chirps with low and high frequency content and the stimulation was presented in a monaural and dichotic modality a total of young subjects participated in the T0 they were instructed to ignore the stimuli and after a second repetition they had to detect a deviant CS- in the time domain analysis we found enhanced amplitudes for the attended conditions furthermore we noticed higher amplitudes values for the condition using frequency modulated VLF chirps evoked by a monaural stimulation the most difference between attended and unattended modality was exhibited at the dichotic case of the amplitude modulated condition using chirps with low frequency content
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despite its proven efficacy betablocker therapy remains underused in elderly patients after myocardial infarction mi the objectives of this T0 were to identify undertreated groups of seniors and to determine whether older and frailer patients are being selectively dispensed lowdose betablocker therapy
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this study aimed to examine perceptions of the working alliance in a sample of spanish patients and therapists the alliance was measured T3 the third and tenth psychotherapy sessions using patient and therapist versions of the spanish adaptation of the working alliance inventory wai T3 both sessions correlations between the patients and therapists ratings both of total alliance and of the various dimensions of the alliance were moderate at best moreover after the third psychotherapy session patients scores for the total alliance and the goal and task subscales were significantly higher than the scores from their therapists in these dimensions following the tenth session patient ratings exceeded those of their therapists only on the task subscale finally in contrast to the ratings of patients therapists alliance ratings increased significantly between the third and tenth sessions of psychotherapy certain recommendations are presented to improve the study of patient and therapist perceptions of the working alliance and to increase the convergence between them with regard to this CE treatment variable
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the application of hyperthermia to the treatment of neoplastic disease has focused on ST since the hyperthermic sensitivity of human bcell lymphoma cells is not known we have examined the effect of hyperthermia on the growth of bcell lymphoma cell lines raji and daudi in vitro to evaluate the ability to purge tumor cells from NBM by heat utilizing a limitingdilution assay to measure log SD of tumor cells in a fold excess of NBM when exposed at degrees c and degrees c for min both clonogenic raji and daudi cells were dramatically decreased a to log reduction with SE time while leaving over half of the normal granulocytemacrophage progenitor cells surviving at degrees c and at degrees c this high level of lymphomacell SD by heat correlated with that obtained in immunologic and pharmacologic studies these results suggest that in vitro hyperthermia might be applied effectively for the beta of residual lymphoma cells in autologous marrow grafts before ABMT transplantation in bcell nonhodgkins lymphoma
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stroke commonly results in cognitive impairments in working memory attention and executive CF which may be restored with AGA training programs our aim was to systematically review the evidence for computerbased cognitive training of executive dysfunctions
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sulphydryl agents dithiothreitol mercaptoethanol monothioglycerol cysteine glutathione increase nonspecifically the potency of various agonists acetylcholine hydroxytryptamine NIC BK prostaglandin e on the guineapig ileum these effects are of noncholinergic origin and are not related to prostaglandin synthesis sulphydryl agents act directly on the smooth muscle cells of the guineapig ileum most probably by reducing disulphide bonds located on the membrane surface and by this mechanism modulate the muscular contractile activity
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the persistent spread of rhodesian human african trypanosomiasis hat in uganda in recent years has increased concerns of a potential overlap with the gambian form of the disease recent research has aimed to increase the evidence base for targeting control measures by focusing on the environmental and climatic AF that control the spatial CSD of the disease
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NPs np are known to accumulate at the site of inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease in order to avoid premature uptake or degradation of np during their passage through the small intestine it appeared necessary to devise a form of local delivery system for np tacrolimus fk loaded polylacticcoglycolic acid np entrapped into phsensitive microspheres npms were designed to achieve greater selectivity to their site of action when administered orally the therapeutic efficacy of this drug delivery system was tested in an experimental colitis in rats the in vitro characterization showed a successful incorporation of fknp and strongly phsensitive release kinetics of both np and drug during the in vivo studies clinical activity colonbody WI and MPO were determined to assess the severity of inflammation systemic availability of a fluorescent dye entrapped in the microspheres was measured in order to determine possible adverse effects the npms as well as the controls of np and ms formulations exhibited significant mitigating effects in the clinical activity index after days of treatment with similar levels for the various therapies when observing colonbody WI and myeloperoxidase activity only the npms group reached statistically significant differences p compared to the colitis control group while other CG did not colitis control fk solution fknp fkms and fknpms umg tissue moreover the npms system reduced the SVR absorption of the entrapped dye compared to the dye solution or simple np formulation relative biovailabilitysolution np and npms the results suggest that the npms system can provide selective delivery of np in the colon and develop a significant mitigating effect while the control group treatments appeared to be insufficient
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single layers of covalently linked organic materials in the form of 2DE d polymers constitute structures cDNA to inorganic d materials the electronic properties of d polymers may be manipulated through a deliberate choice of the organic precursors here we address the changes in electronic structurefrom precursor molecule to oligomerby scanning tunneling spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy for this purpose we introduce the polymerization reaction of triscarboxyphenylbenzene via decarboxylation on cu which is thoroughly characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy xray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations we present a comprehensive T0 of a contaminationfree onsurface coupling scheme and study how dehydrogenation decarboxylation and polymerization affect the electronic structure on the molecular level
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the treatment of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia cmml with SPK has not been optimized we retrospectively reviewed the data for consecutive patients with cmml with cmml and with cmml PD to acute myeloid one who received an allogeneic stem cell transplant allosct at our institution between april and december to identify factors associated with improved survival and determine whether treatment with hypomethylating agents before transplant improves PFS pfs the median age of the cohort was years seventyeight patients received induction treatment before transplant with receiving hypomethylating agents and receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy patients treated with a hypomethylating agent had a significantly lower CI of relapse at years posttransplant than those treated with other agents p whereas TRM at year posttransplant did not significantly differ between the CG and respectively p the lower relapse rate resulted in a significantly higher year pfs rate in patients treated with a hypomethylating agent than in those treated with other agents p our data support the use of hypomethylating agents before allosct for patients with cmml to achieve morphologic remission and improve pfs of these patients future studies are needed to confirm these findings
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although UC blood B6 is increasingly being used as an alternative to bone marrow bm as a source of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells hsc information on the hematopoietic repopulating ability of cb hsc is still limited we recently established a xenotransplantation system in nodshiscid mice to evaluate human stem cell activity in the present T0 we Tx to x cb cd cells into six nodshiscid mice treated with antiasialo gm antiserum to investigate the hematopoietic repopulating ability of cb the bm of all recipients contained human cd cells to weeks after the transplantation clonal SC of the recipient bm cells revealed the formation of various types of human hematopoietic colonies including myelocytic erythroid MK and multilineage colonies indicating that B6 hsc can differentiate into hematopoietic progenitors of various lineages however the extent of the differentiation and maturation differed with each lineage cdcdcd myelocytic cells were mainly repopulated in bm and IP blood pb while cd megakaryocytic cells and platelets were present few glycophorin acd or hemoglobin alphacontaining erythroid cells were detected cd B1 were the most abundantly repopulated in nodshiscid mice but their maturational stage differed among the hematopoietic organs most of the bm cd cells were immature b cells expressing cd but not surface immunoglobulin ig m whereas more mature cdcd surface igm b cells were predominantly present in spleen and pb cd t cells were not detected even in the recipient thymus the transplantation to the nodshiscid mouse may provide a useful tool for evaluating the repopulating ability of transplantable human hsc
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the use of prostaglandin gel for therapeutic termination of second trimester pregnancy the management of intrauterine fetal death ripening of the cervix and induction of labour is reviewed for these indications prostaglandin gel is acceptable to patients ERP and has low incidence of side effects and complications
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a patient with a PH of schizophrenia was admitted to our hospital in an already severe stage of necrotizing fasciitis of the neck complicated with mediastinitis and gangrene later on he also developed a vena cava superior syndrome and sepsis in the few cases and small series described in the literature NF of the neck is usually associated with surgery or trauma less frequently an orodental or pharyngeal infection often innocuous is the underlying cause none of these causes could be identified in our patient initially on computerassisted tomography ct scan a tracheal rupture was suspected but this diagnosis could not be confirmed on bronchoscopic examination on gastroscopy a stenotic oesophageal segment was discovered biopsy of this segment showed a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma the patient died in sepsis autopsy confirmed the presence of a large PT oesophageal tumour with perforation as far as we know no case of a necrotizing fasciitis of the neck caused by perforation of a formerly unknown oesophageal carcinoma has been reported even mediastinitis with or without gangrene is rarely associated with oesophageal CA and in the few cases reported it is always due to fistulization after surgery
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shortterm synaptic STDP is modulated by longterm synaptic changes there is however no GA PA on the computational role of this interaction here we derive a learning rule for the release probability and the maximal synaptic conductance in a circuit model with combined recurrent and feedforward connections that allows learning to discriminate among natural inputs ST synaptic plasticity thereby provides a nonlinear expansion of the input space of a linear classifier whereas the random recurrent network serves to decorrelate the expanded input space computer simulations reveal that the twofold increase in the number of input dimensions through ST synaptic plasticity improves the performance of a standard perceptron up to the distributions of PR probabilities and maximal synaptic conductances at the capacity limit strongly depend on the balance between excitation and inhibition the MM also suggests a new computational interpretation of spikes evoked by stimuli outside the classical receptive field these neuronal activities may reflect decorrelation of the expanded stimulus space by intracortical synaptic connections
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neuronal death is a pathological hallmark of alzheimers disease we have shown previously that phosphorylated PKR is present in degenerating hippocampal SN and in senile plaques of alzheimers disease brains and that genetically downregulating doublestranded rnadependent protein kinase activity protects against in vitro betaamyloid peptide neurotoxicity in this report we showed that two doublestranded rnadependent protein kinase blockers attenuate in human neuroblastoma cells betaamyloid peptide toxicity evaluated by caspase assessment in addition we have used the newly engineered appslpresenilin knockin transgenic mice which display a severe neuronal loss in HPC regions to analyze the activation of dsDNA rnadependent protein kinase western blots revealed the increased C2 of activated doublestranded rnadependent protein kinase and the inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor alpha activity in the brains of these double transgenic mice phosphorylated rnadependent protein kinaselike endoplasmic reticulumresident kinase was also increased in the brains of these mice the levels of G1 PKR were also increased in the brains of patients with alzheimers disease at and months hippocampal neurons display double stranded rnadependent protein kinase labelings in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm confocal microscopy showed that almost constantly G1 dsDNA rnadependent protein kinase colocalized with dna SB in AI nuclei of ca hippocampal SN taken together these results demonstrate that PKR is associated with neurodegeneration in appslpresenilin knockin mice and could represent a new therapeutic target for neuroprotection
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the gal protein represents a universally functional transcription activator which in yeast idchaavp a vb agonist had no effect the action of vasopressin was suppressed by phaadtyretpheglnasnlysproargnh a va antagonist but not by ssr a vb antagonist thus the vasopressininduced excitation of brainstem MNs was exclusively mediated by va receptors CS microscopic ARG failed to detect vb binding sites in the facial nucleus in motoneurons loaded with gtpgammas a nonhydrolysable analogue of gtp the effect of vasopressin was suppressed indicating that neuronal va receptors are gproteincoupled intracellular ca chelation suppressed a caactivated potassium current but did not affect the vasopressinevoked current h and gf inhibitors of protein kinase c were without effect on the vasopressininduced excitation u and d plcbeta inhibitors were also without effect thus excitation of BS motoneurons by va receptor activation is probably mediated by a second messenger distinct from that associated with IP va receptors
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