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women are twice as likely as men to develop MD mdd and are more prone to recurring episodes hence we tested the hypothesis that the illness may associate with robust molecular changes in female subjects and investigated largescale gene expression in the postmortem brain of mdd subjects paired with matched controls n pairs we focused on the lateralbasolateralbasomedian complex of the amygdala as a neural hub of mood regulation affected in mdd among the most robust findings were downregulated transcripts for genes coding for γaminobutyric acid gaba interneuronrelated peptides including somatostatin sst tachykinin NPY y npy and cortistatin in a pattern reminiscent to that previously reported in mice with low brainderived neurotrophic factor bdnf changes were confirmed by quantitative pcr and not explained by demographic technical or known clinical parameters bdnf itself was significantly downregulated at the rna and protein levels in mdd subjects investigating putative mechanisms we show that this core mddrelated gene profile including sst npy tac rgs and cort is recapitulated by complementary patterns in mice with constitutive bdnfheterozygous or activitydependent exon iv KO decreases in bdnf function with a common effect on sst and npy together these resul molecular basis for further characterization of cabyv proteins and the regions involved in pp selfinteraction could provide the clue for understanding the capsid assembly pathway of cabyv
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epileptic disorders are classified as idiopathic when they are genetically transmitted conditions that consist of epilepsy only with no structural lesions in the BB and no associated neurological deficits and symptomatic when they result from some other primary brain lesion or insult symptomatic TLE can be further divided into mesial temporal lobe epilepsy mtle the condition associated with hippocampal sclerosis lesional temporal lobe epilepsy due to TPS identifiable lesions localized to areas that preferentially project to mesial temporal structures and cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy for which no etiology can be determined intensive clinical and basic research on mtle perhaps the most common form of human epilepsy is currently being carried out in epilepsy research centers and a number of experimental animals models have been developed to help elucidate the pathophysiology of this condition animal models are also important for determining how specific lesions induce epileptogenicity and whether the neuronal mechanisms in mesial temporal lobe limbic structures are the same as those in neocortex cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy remains a major clinical challenge and much more information needs to be derived from research on patients before relevant exp animal models can be created
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this study aimed to evaluate the changes in left and RA VVI functions of children with obstructive SAHS osahs and to determine the efficacy of surgical treatment for osahs in children the subjects included normal controls and children of osahs with adenoid andor tonsil hypertrophy diagnosed by polysomnography psg we divided the children with osahs into the mild group moderate group and severe group of osahs according to the condition of apnoeahypopnoea index ahi and the lowest of oxygen saturation lsaoâ in mitral annulusthe va values were increased in moderate and severe osahs p and the veva values were decreased in the severe group p while the vs values were not changed p in TA the vs values were decreased in moderate and severe osahs p while the ve va and veva values were not changed p six months after adenoidectomy andor tonsillectomy mitral va values were decreased and tricuspid vs values were increased significantly p and ahi was decreased and lsaoâ was significantly increased p compared with the control group no difference was found in the above parameters p the left VVI diastolic CF and the RA ventricular systolic function of children with moderate to severe osahs are decreased to varying degrees at an early stage mitral annular and tricuspid annular velocity detected by quantitative tissue velocity imaging qtvi could sensitively reflect the early changes of left and RA VF adenoidectomy andor tonsillectomy were ERP methods to treat childhood osahs which could reverse myocardial dysfunction
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most esophageal carcinosarcomas are diagnosed as socalled carcinosarcoma in which individual elements may be derived from a single common ancestor cell and there have been a few reports describing true CS originating from two individual stem cells we describe a case of esophageal CS exhibiting neoplastic osteoid formation immunoreactivity for vimentin and p was limited to only the sarcomatous component and was absent in the carcinomatous component furthermore a point mutation in exon of the p gene was observed only in the sarcomatous component both sarcoma and carcinoma cells distinctively metastasized to different lymph NO these observations led us to diagnose the esophageal RT as a true carcinosarcoma
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in patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia cll the lymphocytes have been separated and sized using a c channelyzer the modal volume and the volume range of the populations have been obtained and related to clinical stage and mouse red blood cell mrbc rosetting capacity over years observation with several estimations per patient there was no convincing drift towards increase in modal volume with deteriorating clinical status the cell size of the cll populations could vary from time to time in the same patient the mrbc rosetting capacity varied greatly between estimwith two regulatory and two catalytic subunits that dissociate when activated by camp the regulatory subunit exists in phospho and dephospho forms which have electrophoretic mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gels corresponding to mr and respectively the catalytic S1 has a molecular weight of the holoenzyme has a Rs of nm the km for activation by camp is substratedependent with km values of nm with histone hb and nm with the peptide leuargargalaserleugly these physical and kinetic properties are very similar to those of the bovine HR type ii campdependent protein kinase a drosophila RI was also found in larval stages and during the first half of pupation but was absent in embryos and adults the fly type ii enzyme was present in all developmental stages three regions of the drosophila genome were found which when present in three copies significantly alter the specific activity of campdependent protein kinase these are located at ff increase ac increase and bd decrease
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cobalt catalysis synthesis of substituted aminobenzimidazoles aminobenzothiazoles and aminobenzoxazoles was achieved by using cobaltii acetate catalyzed isocyanide IS to odiaminobenzene aminobenzenethiol and aminophenol derivatives in dioxane see scheme it was found that the reaction proceeded efficiently to give the desired products in up to isolated yields by cn and cs o n formation in a single step
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cystatin em cst is a natural inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine PRs recent studies have shown that experimental manipulation of cst expression alters the metastatic SMB of human breast cancer cells however the association of cst with prostate cancer invasion and progression remains unclear here we show that cst is robustly expressed in normal human prostate epithelium whereas its expression is downregulated in metastatic prostate cell lines and prostate RT tissues treatment of M1 prostate cell lines with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a resulted in significant induction of cst mrna C2 and increased cst protein expression indicating that epigenetic silencing may play a role in the loss of cst expression observed in prostate CA cst overexpression in PC-3 significantly reduced in vitro cell proliferation and matrigel invasion furthermore the results from a bioluminescence tumormetastasis model showed that the overexpression of cst significantly inhibits tumor growth and the incidence of lung metastasis these results suggest that the downregulation of the cst gene is associated with promoter histone modifications and that this association plays an important role in prostate cancer progression during the invasive and M1 stages of the disease
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autocrinesecreted RT cell growthinhibiting activities were isolated from S9 of a malignant melanoma cell L1 htz dm established from a CNS system melanoma metastasis htz dm was characterized by cyto and immunocytochemistry and karyotyping cells were propagated in defined SF TCM for up to months S9 were ultrafiltrated dialyzed lyophilized and purified by biogel p gel permeation chromatography leading to three active fraction pools miai melanomainhibiting activity mia kda miaii mr and miaiii proteins at the cutoff of biogel p inhibiting growth of dm cells with GABA concentrations of microgramml miai microgramml miaii and microgramsml miaii miaii could be further purified by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography the main activity displayed a GABA concentration of microgramml on sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis one major band molecular weight about and two minor bands up to mr were identified macromolecular synthesis was inhibited in dm cells up to greater than tumor SC colony formation was reduced by the inhibitory effect of miaii was irreversible nonsaturable and partially antagonized by a SS factor depending on purification stage miaii was heat SD min at degrees c and trypsin labile the effect of miaii on allogeneic neuroectodermal PT was also investigated proliferation of two of three malignant melanomas and two of four GBMs was inhibited up to proliferation of a neuroblastoma cell L1 could be inhibited to whereas NF and low grade gliomas were not influenced in their proliferation
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to assess a choroidal heat shock protein hyperexpression T3 transpupillary thermotherapy ttt performed with exposures shorter than seconds
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the aim of the T0 was to determine whether progression of HF is associated with deterioration of cardiomyocyte function cell dimensions +dP/dt and calcium transients were measured in cardiomyocytes isolated from the LV of female WR and weeks T3 PD ligation or shamoperation relative cardiomyocyte shortening decreased from in controls to week after myocardial infarction and recovered to and T3 and weeks respectively diastolic and systolic calcium concentrations increased markedly week after myocardial infarction with subsequent reduction T3 and weeks time to relaxation was prolonged by T3 week and after and weeks with corresponding changes in diastolic calcium clearance CM length increased by and after and weeks respectively whereas myocyte width increased by and cardiomyocytes adjacent to the infarct hypertrophied more and initially had more markedly impaired function than in the remote area LVDd assessed by echocardiography increased by and T3 and weeks respectively and systolic diameter increased by and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure increased from mmhg to and mmhg whereas initial dethe aim of this T0 was to evaluate the first of the two core questions around which the access access to community care and effective services and supports DUE was designed does implementation of systemchange strategies lead to better integration of service systems
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primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare congenital condition associated with proteinlosing enteropathy hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphopenia secondary to this condition are frequent but infectious complications are not so far few immunological studies have been made in these patients we report here the results of such a study carried out in two adolescents both patients presented with a dramatic decrease in SS gammaglobulins especially igg and iga and in IP blood lymphocytes especially cd t helper cells from a PET standpoint the proliferative response to certain mitogens was reduced a decrease in in vitro production of immunoglobulins by b lymphocytes may be due to a faulty tb cell cooperation histological examination of DU biopsy specimens revealed a decreased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes colonoscopy revealed nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum confirmed by endoscopic biopsy the role of these CA in the OD of infectious complications and lymphoma is underscored
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myotonic dystrophy or dystrophia myotonica dm is an AD multisystem disorder caused by the expansion of a ctg trinucleotide repeat in the untranslated region of the dmpk protein kinase gene on chromosome q refs although the dm mutation was identified more than five years ago the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this most prevalent form of hereditary adult NM disease remain elusive previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that a dnase lhypersensitive site located adjacent to the repeats on the wildtype allele is eliminated by repeat expansion indicating that C1 ctgrepeat arrays may be associated with a local chromatin environment that represses gene expression here we report that the hypersensitive site contains an enhancer PE that regulates transcription of the adjacent dmahp homeobox gene analysis of dmahp expression in the cells of dm patients with loss of the hypersensitive site revealed a two to fourfold reduction in steadystate dmahp transcript levels relative to wildtype controls allelespecific analysis of dmahp expression showed that steadystate transcript levels from the expanded S2 were greatly reduced in comparison to those from the wildtype S2 together these results demonstrate that ctgrepeat expansions can suppress local mRNA and implicate dmahp in dm pathogenesis
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ventilation treatment has proven success in acute respiratory distress syndrome ards while it still remains a challenge to utilize it with lower tidal volumes especially in subjects with respiratory acidosis the concept of supporting conventional ventilation with extracorporeal carbondioxide removal eccor may contribute in adjusting respiratory acidosis consequent to tidal volume reduction in protective ventilation setting this method allows an easier management of ards due to its less invasive approach as shown by recent studies eccor can be preferred in subjects with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd who are unresponsive to noninvasive ventilation niv one of the most important aspects of this can be stated as the reduced rate of ET intubation
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the basic mechanisms that initiate and sustain hypertension in the diabetic population are poorly understood obesity insulin genetic factors and CA in calcium homeostasis may contribute and could be related to an elevated nah antiport activity in the first T0 described in this investigation HT with insulindependent diabetes mellitus iddm who had an elevated nali countertransport activity were found to have a lower whole body glucose utilization a lower insulinstimulated forearm carbohydrate oxidation larger ultrasound kidney volume and increased left ventricular mass index when compared with hypertensive iddm subjects with a normal nali CT activity or normotensive iddm subjects thus an elevated nali countertransport activity appears to identify a subset of iddm patients who are more susceptible to the development of the renal and cardiac complications associated with hypertension this underlines the importance of choosing an appropriate antihypertensive therapy that will not produce a deterioration in gl and lipid metabolism in the second part of the report results are presented for the treatment of HT with NIDDM with DOX the selective alpha inhibitor produced a significant reduction in blood pressure together with favorable changes in the SS lipid profile as a result the calculated risk of developing coronary heart disease was significantly reduced throughout the T0 no patients required a dose reduction or discontinuation of DOX because of side effects and no clinically significant changes in laboratory tests were apparent thus DOX could be considered a useful antihypertensive agent in HT with iddm who are insulinresistant and who have renal and cardiac CA
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we hypothesized that support of arterial perfusion pressure with diaspirin crosslinked hb dclhb would prevent the sepsisinduced attenuation in the SVR o deliveryo uptake relationship awake septic rats were treated with a chronic infusion of dclhb or a REF treatment norepinephrine ne to increase MAP pressure by over h septic and sham control CG received normal saline isovolemic HD to create anemic hypoxia was then performed in a metabolic box during continuous measurement of SVR VO2 o delivery was calculated from hemodynamic variables and the critical point of o delivery do crit was determined using piecewise SRA of the o deliveryo uptake relationship sepsis increased do crit from to ml x min x g p while o extraction capacity was decreased p dclhb and ne infusion prevented the sepsisinduced increase in do crit ml x min x g p and ml x min x g p respectively this was explained by a increase in o extraction capacity in the dclhb group compared with septic controls p whereas ne treatment decreased systemic o uptake in anemic hypoxia vs ml x min x g in septic controls p we conclude that dclhb ameliorated o SE capacity in the septic microcirculation whereas ne decreased the metabolic demands of the tissues
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cholestasis is a serious complication of many liver diseases leading to increased serum bile acids ba and their conjugates chenodeoxycholic cdca acid is a substrate of the human hepatic udpglucuronosyltransferase ugt a ugta may therefore be a bainducible gene relevant to ba regulation
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metastasis stemming from a distant malignancy is far less common than an oropharyngeal primary and represents only of all oral neoplasms the difficulty in diagnosing a metastasis in the oropharynx may be compounded if the lesion is poorly differentiated and bears little resemblance to the primary tumor we present the case of synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma of the mandibular gingiva in a woman with sarcomatoid CC renal cell carcinoma the metastatic lesion was poorly differentiated and lacked expression of the renal cell carcinoma rcc antigen in contrast pax staining was strongly positive this case serves to highlight the diagnostic difficulty posed by poorly differentiated lesions in the OP and reinforces the sensitivity of the cell lineagespecific transcription factor pax in poorly differentiated rcc
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FD using a partial load is a common occurrence during the early manufacturing stages when insufficient amounts of active pharmaceutical ingredient api are available in such cases the immediate production needs are met by performing lyophilization with less than a full freeze dryer load however it is not obvious at what fractional load significant deviations from full load behavior begin the objective of this research was to systematically study the effects of R2 in product load on freeze drying SMB in laboratory pilot and clinical scale freezedryers experiments were conducted with mannitol high heat and mass flux and SU low heat and mass flux at different product loads and product temperature was measured in edge as well as center vials with thermocouples SSA ssa was measured by bet gas adsorption analysis and residual moisture was measured by karl fischer in the lab scale freezedryer the molar flux of inert gas was determined by direct flow measurement using a flowmeter and the molar flux of water vapor was determined by manometric temperature measurement mtm and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy tdlas techniques comparative pressure measurement capacitance manometer vs pirani was used to determine primary drying time for both mannitol and sucrose primary drying time decreases and product temperature increases as the load on the shelves decreases no systematic R2 was observed in residual moisture and vapor composition as load decreased further ssa data suggests that there are no significant freezing differences under different load conditions independent of dryer scale among all the effects variation in radiation heat transfer from the chamber walls to the product seems to be the dominant effect resulting in shorter primary drying time as the load on the shelf decreases ie the fraction of edge vials increases
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to evaluate prospectively the sensitivity of ultrasonography us in the diagnosis of biliary atresia ba with surgery as the reference standard
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we designed and tested DIP strategies to perform fully automated segmentation of luminal and medialadventitial boundaries in intravascular ultrasound images of human coronary arteries automated segmentation is an essential tool for advanced techniques of clinical visualization and quantitative measurement V1 compliance measurements and threedimensional reconstructions are demonstrated as examples of such applications digital image processing was performed in three phases preprocessing including a polar transform local contrast enhancement and speckle noise filtering segmentation involving radial scanning region growing or costfunction minimization techniques and postprocessing involving dropout filtering and outline smoothing crosssectional areas were compared with manual tracings from experienced operators and showed good agreement the algorithm bias ranged from to mm interclass and ICCs ranged from to the designed techniques currently allow fully automated segmentation without operator interaction of the luminal and if present medialadventitial boundary
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diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy egd is generally a very safe procedure we report the first case of iatrogenic esophageal SM dissection T3 an attempted diagnostic gastroscopy in a patient with a small previously undiagnosed zenkers diverticulum zd T3 egd she developed severe dysphagia with the inability to swallow solids liquids and even her own saliva on barium swallow T0 there was a column of contrast below the upper esophageal sphincter and this was misdiagnosed as a large zd by the radiologist the resultant stricture was successfully managed with endoscopic balloon dilatation under fluoroscopy with wireguided cannulation the zd was treated with flexible endoscopic clipassisted diverticulotomy iatrogenic submucosal dissection is a unique complication of upper endoscopy endoscopists otolaryngologists radiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons should be aware of this condition and prepare to manage it appropriately if the patient is stable and the possibility of perforation is small conservative and supportive care can be tried first a surgical gastrostomy tube can be placed for EN feeding in patients with zd zd recognition and gentle manipulation is strongly recommended during esophageal intubation
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recently we reported the reaction of the muoxodiironiii complex feiiimuomuohl l trisdimethylmethoxypyridylmethylamine with equiv of ho to yield a diironiv intermediate xue g fiedler a t martinho m munck e que l jr proc natl acad sci usa upon treatment with hclo complex converted to a species with an feivmuo diamond core that serves as the only synthetic model to date for the diironiv core proposed for intermediate q of soluble methane monooxygenase here we report detailed mossbauer and DFT dft studies of the mossbauer studies reveal that has distinct feiv sites a and b studies in applied magnetic fields show that the spins of sites a and b sa sb are ferromagnetically coupled to yield a ground multiplet with s analysis of the applied field spectra of the exchangecoupled system yields for site b a set of parameters that matches those obtained for the MNC lfeivoncme complex showing that site b labeled feo has a terminal oxo group using the zerofield splitting parameters of lfeivoncme for our analysis of we obtained parameters for site a that closely resemble those reported for the nonoxo feiv complex betabpmcnfeivohootbu suggesting that a labeled feoh coordinates a hydroxo group a dft optimization performed on yielded an fefe distance of a and an femuofe angle of degrees in good PA with the results of our previous exafs study the dft calculations reproduce the mossbauer parameters atensors electric field gradient and isomer shift of quite well including the observation that the largest components of the electric field gradients of feo and feoh are perpendicular the FM behavior of seems puzzling given that the femuofe angle is C1 but can be explained by noting that the orbital structures of feo and feoh are such that the unpaired electrons at the two sites delocalize into orthogonal orbitals at the bridging oxygen rationalizing the ferromagnetic SMB of thus inequivalent coordinations at feo and feoh define magnetic orbitals favorable for ferromagnetic ineractions
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bioimpedance spectroscopy bis has been used in human and large animal research to assess body fluid compartment volumes bfc such as TBW tbw extracellular fluid volume ecfv and intracellular fluid volume icfv to date the application of bis for determination of bfc in small research animals has been limited
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the molecular mechanisms of the effects of il and il on hiv infection in human monocytes as they matured into monocytederived macrophages over days were investigated using hivbal and low passage clinical strains il and il upregulated the expression of both genomic and spliced hiv mrna in monocytes cultured on teflon as determined by northern analysis and p ag assay using a nuclear runon assay il stimulation was shown to enhance transcription by two to threefold il stimulated nuclear factorkappab nuclear translocation and binding before enhancement of hiv rna expression conversely il and il markedly and significantly inhibited hiv replication at the transcriptional level in monocytederived macrophages and this occurred whether these cytokines were added before or T3 hiv infection the reversal from stimulation to inhibition occurred after to days of adherence to plastic il had no significant effect on hiv reverse transcription the effect of both cytokines on the mo maturationdifferentiation cdb cd and cd and other macrophage markers cd and cd was examined il enhanced cdb but inhibited cd expression and delayed cd loss il had similar effects on cdb and cd but no effect on cd hence these cytokines do not simply enhance monocyte differentiation but have complex and slightly divergent effects that impact on hiv replication probably through cell signaling pathways and nuclear factorkappab translocation
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to evaluate retrospectively the midterm and longterm results of percutaneous endovascular treatment of venous outflow obstruction T3 pediatric liver transplantation
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the purpose of this study was to compare doppler color flow mapping with angiography and surgical observation for PCD of multiple VVI septal defects vsds only patients with elevated pulmonary VVI pressure were included among patients with vsds multiple defects were identified in patients echocardiographically multiple defects in patients angiographically and multiple defects in patients surgically using surgical observation as the reference standard the sensitivity of echocardiography for identifying patients with multiple vsds was of and for angiography of the sensitivity of echocardiography for identifying all multiple vsds seen at operation was of and of angiography was also of in many patients use of both techniques may no longer be necessary
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schematic representations of collateral pathways that have developed in association with SVCO have been established in studies using radionuclide superior cavography rnsc however these were hampered by the poor resolution of earlier scintillation cameras using a modern scintillation camera we performed rnsc in patients with obstruction of the superior vena caval system and examined the differences in collateral pathways in the presence or absence of obstruction of the azygos vein rnsc visualized the site of obstruction and collateral pathways far more readily than in prior studies when the orifice of the azygos vein was not obstructed collateral flow drained into the azygos system when it was obstructed however the collaterals drained into the VPI vena caval system an important collateral pathway comprising the contralateral brachiocephalic vein and the jugular venous arch was also found which has not previously been reported our diagrams of collateral circulation may provide a means of determining the site of one in the superior vena caval system by rnsc
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to determine the role of the SP in the pathogenesis of canine visceral leishmaniasis cvl we analyzed cellular immunophenotypic profiles of dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum clinically classified as follows asymptomatic dogsi adi seronegativepcr asymptomatic dogsii adii seropositivepcr oligosymptomatic dogs od and symptomatic dogs sd seven noninfected dogs cd were included as a control group adii presented higher C2 of cd t splenocytes and lower tcdtcd ratio in comparison with cd od and sd showed lower percentages of cd as compared with adii all SP dogs presented lower levels of cdra than cd regardless of the stimuli used the proliferation index from splenocytes in vitro was inversely correlated with clinical status after lsa stimulation there was a higher percentage of specific cd t in adii than cd and nonstimulated culture in contrast splenocytes from sd under in vitro lsa stimulation induced decreased mhcii expression in comparison with all groups and nonstimulated culture in conclusion the role of cd t splenocytes seems to be important for an effective immunological response a hallmark of asymptomatic cvl whereas the pronounced loss of mhcii expression upon lsa stimulation is a biomarker of symptomatic cvl
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the ht hydroxytryptamine serotonin receptor is one of the most recently identified members of the 5-HT3 family pharmacological tools including selective antagonists and more recently agonists along with ht receptor htr KO mice have revealed the involvement of this receptor in CNS system processes its wellestablished role in controlling body temperature and regulating sleep and circadian rhythms has implicated this receptor in mood disorders thus the htr has gained much attention as a possible target for the treatment of depression although preclinical data support the antidepressantlike actions of htr antagonists their clinical efficacy has not been yet established other evidence has implicated the htr in learning and SM preclinical findings suggest that blockade of this receptor may be beneficial against schizophrenialike cognitive deficits other possible indications include nociception epilepsy migraine autism spectrum disorders and rett syndrome however the question is whether the beneficial effects may be achieved by activation or blockade of htrs hence this review briefly summarises the recent findings on the role of htrs and their ligands in cns disorders
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bivariate twin analysis can determine the extent to which two disorders share common genetic familial environmental or individualspecific environmental risk factors we applied this method to lifetime diagnoses of L1 depression and generalized anxiety disorder as assessed at personal interview in a populationbased sample of pairs of female samesex twins three definitions of GAD were used that varied in minimum duration vs months and in the presence or absence of a diagnostic hierarchy for all definitions of generalized anxiety disorder the bestfitting twin MM was the same familial environment played no role in the etiology of either condition genetic AF were important for both L1 depression and generalized anxiety disorder and were CR shared between the two disorders a modest proportion of the nonfamilial environmental risk factors were shared between L1 depression and generalized anxiety disorder within the limits of our statistical SP our findings suggest that in women the liability to major depression and generalized anxiety disorder is influenced by the same genetic AF so that whether a vulnerable woman develops L1 depression or GAD is a result of her environmental experiences
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immunosuppressive protocols at the university of minnesota have evolved from MZ IS for all recipients prednisone azathioprine and antilymphocyte globulin to differing protocols for living triple therapy and cadaver sequential therapy donor recipients and then to our current protocol in which all recipients receive induction therapy with rapid discontinuation of prednisone at the same time progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection along with numerous parallel improvements in patient care including in anesthesia dialysis and intensive care unit care the net result has been an incremental improvement in recipient and GS
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seventytwo patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd underwent RA HR catheterization when they were clinically stable and the relationship between length of survival and acute pulmonary vascular response to oxygen inhalation was studied oxygen inhalation significantly reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure ppa cardiac index ci and pulmonary arteriolar resistance par the percent change in par delta par was used as an index of the acute pulmonary vascular response to oxygen inhalation each patient was classified as a responder delta par or or a nonresponder delta par the cumulative survival rates of these two groups were compared NR survived significantly longer than did nonresponders mean survival times were days and days respectively the two CG did not differ significantly in anthropometic data pulmonary hemodynamics or blood gas data measured at base line during air inhalation however fev andivation the features of the HA are severe attacks of pain that generally last no more than T2 in association with autonomic activation such as lacrimation or rhinorrhea we report a patient fulfilling international HA society guidelines for the diagnosis of cph in whom C2 of CGRP-LI cgrp and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide vip were elevated in the cranial circulation during attacks moreover successful treatment of the problem with indomethacin leads to normalization of the levels of both cgrp and vip given that similar neuropeptide changes are seen in CH the data suggest a shared underlying pathophysiology between cph and CH
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the aim of the study was to evaluate on the effectiveness of screening modalities in the prevention of colorectal CA crc occurrence and deaths general metaanalysis was performed to produce pooled estimates of the effect of crc incidence and mortality using a search of pubmed web of science and the cochrane library for eligible studies from january to march a network metaanalysis was performed to synthetically compare the effectiveness of frequently used screening modalities a total of studies with a focus on mortality from crc using different screening methods were included GA metaanalysis showed that fecal immunohistochemical testing fit flexible sigmoidoscopy fs colonoscopy combination of FOBT and fs screening respectively reduced crc mortality by relative risk rr confidence interval ci rr ci rr ci rr ci compared with no screening whereas guaiac fecal occult blood testing gfobt reduced crcrelated mortality by rr ci subgroup analysis showed that summary estimates of reduction in distal crc mortality and PT crc mortality were ci and ci a network metaanalysis revealed rank probability analysis in which the colonoscopy had a probability of being the most effective examination to reduce crc mortality in addition the network metaanalysis estimated odds ratio which was a reduction ci in crc mortality when screening with fit was compared with annual or biennial gfobt and colonoscopy was approximately more ERP than gfobt for reducing crc mortality rr ci analysis of the effects of different screening methods showed that there was a significant reduction in the incidence of colon CA excluding gfobt this metaanalysis confirmed that gfobt fit fs and colonoscopy were all ERP in preventing crc deaths and a L1 reduction in distal but not proximal crc mortality was found in addition they were more effective in preventing crc incidence in addition to gfobt the network metaanalysis suggests that colonoscopy is the most effective screening for preventing crc deaths
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angiography is carried out as a basic part of the sodium AB procedure in most institutions in order to predict the CSD of the AB before the procedure itself is performed this paper presents details of cerebral circulation to provide a framework that will help investigators who are not radiologists to interpret angiography results the application of angiography specifically to the amobarbital procedure and the implications of different patterns of arterial filling for interpretation of speech and memory test results are discussed
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to identify autonomic dysfunction among patients with UI ui with or without detrusor overactivity do we measured and compared heart rate R2 hrv in these groups
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a pregnant woman contracted toxoplasmosis from SE to oocysts shed by cats she underwent amniocentesis for a therapeutic abortion and toxoplasma gondii was isolated from the amniotic fluid and placenta this method may be useful in determining whether the fetus is INF in cases of toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy
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changes in haemolymph juvenile hormone jh concentrations of larvae of the southwestern corn borer diatraea grandiosella were used to estimate the activity of the corpora allata the haemolymph of penultimate nondiapause instars contained a maximum jh titre of galleria units guml whereas the titre in the final instar had dropped to guml within h of the ecdysis and continued to remain low corpora allata of laststage nondiapause larvae therefore remain inactive some signal other than a rapidly declining jh titre in midinstar triggers the PR of ecdysiotropin because the pupal moulting cyclic did not become independent of the BB and ecdvsial glands until and days after the final larval ecdysis respectively newly diapaused immaculate larvae had a haemolymph jh titre of ca guml three jh mimics applied to early last stage nondispause larvae induced the formation of the immaculate dispause morph the mimics did not activate the recipients CA but elevated the CF jh concentration each having a different intrinsic hormonal activity threshold jh concentrations which control larval ecdyses dispause maintenanversely paralleled the depletion of and REC of striatal da C2 the increased levels of da synthesis did not appear to originate with alterations either in the kinetic properties of tyrosine hydroxylase or in the availability of exogenous or endogenous IMT to assess the contribution of synaptosomal da pools to the regulation of da synthesis in tissue preparations from resor tbzpretreated animals synaptosomal da synthesis was assessed in the presence of da releasing agents and compared with analogous experimental manipulations on tissue S9 from animals pretreated with alphamethyltyrosine or the MA oxidase inhibitor clorgyline the data are consistent with a differential in vivo interaction of res and tbz with a nerve ending pool of da which participates in endproduct inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase
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the afferent visual pathway is commonly affected in ms assessment of the afferent visual pathway using clinical imaging and electrophysiological methods not only provides insights into the pathophysiology of ms but also provides a method of investigating potential therapeutic measures in ms this review summarises the various assessment methods in particular imaging techniques of the visual pathway RNFL rnfl thickness is usually reduced following an episode of ON techniques such as OCT scanning laser polarimetry and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy are used to quantify rnfl thickness mri of the optic nerve is not routinely used in the diagnosis of ms or optic neuritis but is valuable in atypical cases and in research t weighted images of the optic nerve usually show the hyperintense lesion in optic neuritis and gadolinium enhancement is seen in the acute attack quantifying atrophy of the optic nerve using mri gives an indication of the degree of axonal loss MT ratio mtr of the optic nerve provides an indication of myelination diffusion tensor imaging dti of the optic nerve and optic radiation provide information about the integrity of the visual VWM tracts fMRI following visual stimulation is used to assess the contribution of cortical reorganisation to functional REC following optic neuritis investigations including logmar visual acuity sloan contrast acuity farnsworth munsell hue colour vision tests and humphrey perimetry provide detailed quantitative information on different aspects of visual CF visual evoked potentials identify CB or delay reflecting demyelination these collective investigative methods have T3 knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms in ms and optic neuritis relevant ongoing studies and future directions are discussed
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peripheral blood MNC cell proliferative responses in vitro to recombinant yeast or escherichia coli HC virus F0 proteins were evaluated in patients with chronic SH c who were reactive for antibody to SH c virus on enzyme immunoassay version and a fourantigen recombinant IBA twenty agematched HI negative for antibody to hepatitis c virus were used as a control group peripheralblood mononuclear cells from all CH c patients with antibodies to hepatitis c virus antigens c and c proliferated in vitro in response to the corresponding recombinant SH c virus fusion protein peripheralblood mononuclear cells from of patients INF with hepatitis c virus proliferated in response to cytidine monophosphateketodeoxyoctulosonic acidcore recombinant antigen but there was no proliferative response to cytidine monophosphateketodeoxyoctulosonic acidef derived from the ns region all HC virusinfected patients had c antibody but peripheralblood MNC cells from only of proliferated in vitro in response to c ninetyfive percent of all SH c virusinfected patients had peripheralblood MNC cells that proliferated in response to at least one recombinant HC virus fusion protein the numbers and percentages of cd TA cd b cells and natural killer cells from patients with chronic HCV did not differ from those in the healthy control group however the number of nonmajor histocompatibility complexrestricted Tc cells CD4+ cdpositive CD4+ was increased in patients with CH c virus infection p
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sheep were administered phenobarbital diphenylhydantoin chlorcyclizine or phenylbutazone over days rabbits were administered phenobarbital diphenylhydantoin or chlorcyclizine for days T3 the last treatment pentobarbital was i.v. and measurements were made of sleep time and blood serum pentobarbital concentrations over a hour period treatment of ewes with phenobarbital or phenylbutazone increased the rate of pentobarbital clearance from the circulation and shortened sleep time treatment with diphenylhydantoin or chlorcyclizine decreased the rates of pentobarbital clearance from blood and increased sleep time treatment of rabbits with phenobarbital or diphenylhydantoin accelerated pentobarbital clearance from blood and shortened sleep time chlorcyclizine had no effect on blood pentobarbital concentrations or sleep time the results suggest that accelerated or delayed clearance of pentobarbital from the circulation was largely responsible for shortened or prolonged sleep times other factors may have been involved to some extent in determining sleep time because ewes with shortened sleep time tended to awake with lower circulating concentrations of pentobarbital than did control ewes and those with prolonged sleep time tended to awake with higher pentobarbital values
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the helminth fauna of emydura macquarii from river systems in CE and RNA queensland was examined eleven species were found including nematodes trematodes aspidogastrean cestode and monogenean analysis of helminth diversity showed that the fitzroy and RR turtles had communities of comparable diversity but the helminth communities in proserpine river turtles were much less diverse the helminth communities in all localities were dominated by trematodes polystomoides australiensis was the most prevalent being found in of the ross river turtles of the fitzroy river turtles and of the proserpine river turtles notopronocephalus peekayi was the most abundant species with mean abundances of in the RR turtles and in the fitzroy river turtles species richness simpsons reciprocal index was highest for the ross river helminth community sorensens qualitative index showed similarity between the RR and fitzroy river communities although sorensens quantitative index indicated only similarity between the CS host FF patterns are likely the most important factor affecting species richness of the helminth infracommunities as the majority of helminth species are transmitted by foodweb interactions involving intermediate hosts
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of patients who were scheduled for an amputation for ischemia seventyseven were randomly assigned to perioperative prophylaxis with cefoxitin mefoxin and seventyfive patients to i.v. of a placebo the patients were followed for twentyone days or in the case of wound complications to the end of treatment an infected wound occurred in per cent of the patients in the PG and per cent of those in the antibiotic group p less than clostridial infection occurred in eight patients in the placebo group and in none in the antibiotic group p three of the patients with clostridial infection died of gas gangrene a multivariate analysis showed that the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis increased the risk of infection by a factor of p and increased the need for reamputation by a factor of p we concluded that amputation patients should have prophylaxis with a broadspectrum antibiotic given perioperatively
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objective the bacterial examination has been performed during the course of the RCT in the present pilot T0 the new developed method using fluorescence reagents and a membrane filter was applied to the detection and quantification of bacteria in INF root canals in order to evaluate the outcomes of the treatment methods six infected root canals with periapical lesions from subjects were included informed consent was obtained from all subjects age ranges years samples from INF root canals were collected at the beginning of the treatment termed first the end of the first day of treatment termed first and the next appointment day termed second then the bacterial count cfu was measured using fluorescence reagents diamidinophenylindole and PI and the polycarbonate MF by bioplorer results the mean ± sd of cfu in the sample of first was ± à as the root canal treatment progressed the cfu decreased as à first and à second conclusion in the present pilot study rapid PCD and quantification of bacteria in INF root canals were found to be successfully performed using fluorescence reagents and a MF bioplorer analysis
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primary adenocarcinoma of the OP most often arises from the minor salivary glands and primary squamous cell carcinoma is more commonly seen arising from the tongue few cases of adenocarcinoma NOS of the tongue have been reported in the literature and none found on the dorsum of the tongue successful treatment strategies have therefore not been definedwe report a case of adenocarcinoma located on the dorsum of the posterior one third of the tongue adjacent to the circumvallate papillae in a woman presenting with globus sensation and mild dysphagia treatment consisted of transoral laser excision and postoperative externalbeam radiotherapy resulting in diseasefree survival at her year followup the goals of this report are to present a case of adenocarcinoma arising from the MSG located on the dorsum of the tongue to discuss previous reports of similar cases and to suggest that surgery with or without radiotherapy be used as the mainstay of treatment
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one hundred ten women with anovulatory infertility world health organization who group i n who group ii n were given treatment courses with human menopausal gonadotropin hmg and human chorionic gonadotropin hcg additional hcg was given as single or repeated i.v. during the LP in ovulatory cycles in who group i the incidence of luteal phase defects was lower and the pregnancy rate higher in cycles with extra hcg administration during the luteal phase than in cycles with no extra hcg in who group ii there was no such difference T3 supplemental hcg the abortion rate was the same T3 cycles with or without extra hcg administration it is suggested that during ovulation induction with hmghcg in anovulatory women with no evidence of endogenous estrogen activity the LP should be supplemented with additional hcg
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interaction between atp a multifunctional and ubiquitous nucleotide and proteins initializes phosphorylation polypeptide synthesis and atp hydrolysis which supplies energy for metabolism however current knowledge concerning the mechanisms through which atp is recognized by proteins is incomplete scattered and inaccurate we systemically investigate CS and structural motifs of proteins that recognize atp we identified three novel motifs and refined the known ploop and class ii ARS motifs the five motifs define five distinct atpprotein interaction modes which concern over of known protein structures we demonstrate that although these motifs share a common gxg tripeptide they recognize atp through different functional groups the ploop motif recognizes atp through phosphates class ii aminoacyltrna synthetase motif targets adenosine and the other three motifs recognize both phosphates and adenosine we show that some motifs are shared by different enzyme types statistical tests demonstrate that the five CS motifs are significantly associated with the nucleotide IB proteins largescale test on pdb reveals that about of proteins that include one of the structural motifs are confirmed to bind atp
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the presynaptic dopamine da d receptormediated regulation of atpsensitive potassium katp channels was examined in slices of the rat caudateputamen when slices were incubated with the TPS d receptor antagonist sulpiride slp a concentrationdependent increase of extracellular da release was observed slpinduced enhancement was completely antagonized by coincubation with the katp channel opener diazoxide dia treatment of slices with the d IL-1ra quinpirole qui almost CR inhibited da outflow induced by the katp channel blocker butanedionemonoxime bdm coincubation of slp and guanosine triphosphate gtp or its nonhydrolizable analogue guanylylimidodiphosphate gppnhp significantly reduced the slpinduced effect on da C2 furthermore we observed that bdminduced da outflow was markedly inhibited by g protein activators suggesting an additional receptorindependent regulation of katp channel gating our results suggest that ptxsensitive g proteins are involved in the ST between d receptors and katp channels furthermore katp channels can be modulated in a receptorindependent mechanism by g protein activators
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the safety profile of sparfloxacin a newer fluoroquinolone antibiotic was examined through an integrated analysis of safety data from multicenter phase iii trials these consisted of doublemasked randomized comparative trials of sparfloxacin a mg oral loading dose followed by mgd for days versus standard therapies erythromycin cefaclor ofloxacin clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin and i openlabel trial noncomparative in patients with CAP trials acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis trial acute maxillary sinusitis trials one of which was the noncomparative trial and complicated skin and skinstructure infections trial overall of patients treated with sparfloxacin and of receiving a comparator regimen experienced at least adverse event considered to be related to the T0 medication photosensitivity reactions usually of mildtomoderate severity were seen more frequently with sparfloxacin than with comparator agents whereas gastrointestinal reactions diarrhea nausea dyspepsia abdominal pain vomiting and flatulence insomnia and taste perversion were more common in patients taking comparator drugs vs vs and vs respectively analysis of electrocardiographic findings showed that the mean change from baseline in QTc qtc was significantly greater in sparfloxacintreated patients msec than in patients given comparator drugs msec but no associated VVI arrhythmias were detected adverse events led to discontinuation of study medication in patients receiving sparfloxacin and given com parator drugs sparfloxacin may be considered an AGA choice for the treatment of certain CA infections for patients who are not at risk for photosensitivity reactions or AEs associated with prolongation of the qtc interval
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major hepatectomy can now be successfully performed T3 portal vein embolization but the effects of PVE have not been clearly delineated our objective is to examine whether portal vein embolization really contributes to the success of L1 hepatectomy
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the ability to assess zinc BA from various diets is essential as the zinc content on many foods can be low or marginal we have investigated the absorption of zinc from human milk cows milk CMF wheyadjusted and soy protein formula as these fluids can comprise the majority of an infants diet radiozinc was added to the diets in tracer amounts the extrinsic zn was shown by ultracentrifugation UF and gel filtration to add to milk fractions and individual binding EDC in a manner analogous to the CSD of native zinc validating the use of extrinsically labeled milk diets labeled diets were fed by intubation to dayold suckling rats animals were killed after h and tissues removed and counted zinc bioavailability was from HM from wheyadjusted CM formula from cows milk and from soy formula intubation studies using AD rats showed that zinc absorption was lower from all the diets however it was still highest from HM and cows milk formula these results show that the rat pup MM may provide a rapid inexpensive and CS method to assay bioavailability of zinc from infant foods
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the PGN cell wall is widely conserved across the bacterial domain suggesting that it appeared early in the evolution of bacteria it is normally essential but under certain conditions walldeficient or lform bacteria can be isolated in Bs this normally requires two genetic changes the first exemplified by mutations shutting down wall precursor synthesis works by increasing membrane synthesis this promotes the unusual form of proliferation used by lforms involving a range of relatively disorganized membrane blebbing or vesiculation events the secondary class of mutations probably work by relieving oxidative AS that lforms may incur due to their unbalanced metabolism repression or inhibition of cell wall F0 synthesis can stimulate the lform transition in a wide range of bacteria of both GP and negative lineages lforms are CR resistant to most antibiotics working specifically on cell wall synthesis such as penicillins and cephalosporins consistent with the many reports of their involvement in various chronic diseases they are potentially important in biotechnology because lack of a wall can be advantageous in a range of production or strain improvement applications finally lforms provide an interesting model system for studying early steps in the evolution of cellular lifethis article is part of the themed issue the new bacteriology
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methylobacterium sp CS crl grown in a fermentor contained methane monooxygenase activity in soluble fractions soluble MMO catalyzed the epoxidationhydroxylation of a variety of hydrocarbons including terminal alkenes internal alkenes substituted alkenes branchedchain alkenes alkanes c to c substituted alkanes branchedchain alkanes carbon monoxide ethers and cyclic and aromatic compounds the optimum ph and temperature for the epoxidation of propylene by soluble MMO were found to be and degrees c respectively among various compounds tested only nadh or nadph could act as an electron donor formate and nad in the presence of FDH contained in the soluble fraction or butanol in the presence of nad and AA alcohol dehydrogenase generated the nadh required for the methane monooxygenase epoxidation of propylene catalyzed by methane monooxygenase was not inhibited by a range of potential inhibitors including metalchelating EDC and potassium cyanide sulfhydryl agents and acriflavin inhibited monooxygenase activity soluble methane monooxygenase was resolved into three components by IEC all three compounds are required for the epoxidation and hydroxylation reactions
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although oxidative stress is said to play an important role in the amyloid formation mechanism in several types of amyloidosis few details about this role have been described amyloid is commonly deposited around the vessels that are the primary site of action of nitric oxide generated from EC cells and smooth muscle cells so nitric oxide may be also implicated in amyloid formation for this T0 we examined the in vitro effect of snitrosylation on amyloid formation induced by wildtype transthyretin a F0 protein of SSA and amyloidogenic transthyretin vm a precursor protein of amyloid deposition in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy snitrosylation of amyloidogenic transthyretin vm via the cysteine at position was times more extensive than that of wildtype TTR in a nitric oxidegenerating solution both wildtype TTR and amyloidogenic transthyretin vm formed amyloid fibrils under acidic conditions and snitrosylated transthyretins exhibited higher amyloidogenicity than did unmodified transthyretins moreover snitrosylated amyloidogenic TTR vm formed more fibrils than did snitrosylated wildtype TTR structural studies revealed that snitrosylation of amyloidogenic TTR vm induced a NC in its conformation as well as instability of the tetramer conformation these results suggest that the nitric oxidemediated modification of transthyretin especially variant TTR may play an important role in amyloid formation in SSA and familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy
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GE reflux disease gerd is highly prevalent in mo patients and a high body mass index bmi is a risk factor for the development of gerd however the mechanism by which the bmi affects esophageal acid exposure is not CR understood although many advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiologresults a shielding plate was prototyped and depth doses with and without the plate were measured by radiophotoluminescence glass dosimeters using a conventional stationary linear accelerator and a mobile linear accelerator dedicated for ioert the trial shielding SP functioned as intended indicating its applicability in clinical practice
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extraskeletal myxoid CS emcs is an uncommon clinicopathologically welldefined RT but its pathogenesis and biologic SMB are poorly understood we reviewed cases of emcs to verify clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical profiles together with molecular PCD of the tumorspecific fusion genes the PT were located mainly in the PT extremities and limb girdles two PT arose at unusual anatomic CS the finger and the hip joint nine of the followedup patients were alive and disease free were alive with recurrences andor metastases and died of the tumor fifteen tumors showed typical features of emcs and had hypercellular Az in addition to conventional emcs areas the PT were variably immunoreactive for s protein nse peripherin and synaptophysin chromogranin a and some epithelial markers aeae cam and epithelial membrane antigen were entirely negative frequent expressions of the neuralneuroendocrine markers suggest possible neuralneuroendocrine differentiation in at least some emcss in addition to chondroid differentiation in a reversetranscription PCR reaction rtpcr CA using paraffinembedded specimens ewschn or tafnchn F0 gene transcripts characteristic of emcs could be detected in of the cases ewschn type in cases ewschn type in and tafnchn in three fusionnegative cases included conventional emcss and considered a cellular variant of the tumor none of other soft tissue and bone PT with myxoid or chondroid morphology that we examined contained these fusion genes thus rtpcr detection of ewschn or tafnchn fusion gene using archival PET is a feasible and useful ancillary technique for the diagnosis of emcs
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to determine whether metallic stent implantation within a coronary artery modifies the accuracy of angina or exercise test results in predicting stenosis we studied patients assigned to stent implantation and patients assigned to balloon angioplasty enrolled in the benestent trial comparing de novo stenting with conventional balloon angioplasty sensitivity and specificity curves were constructed for the prediction of percentage DS and minimal lumen diameter receiveroperator curves were constructed for comparison of DA identical exercise load and duration were achieved in the two CG despite a better angiographic result in patients treated with a stent similarly the DA of clinical symptoms or exercise test results as a function of the angiographic results were similar in patients with and patients without a stent the intersection points of the sensitivity and specificity curves for recurrent angina or stsegment depression were to the corresponding cutoff points for percentage diameter stenosis were respectively and for patients with and without a stent and mm for minimal LD we conclude that the presence of an intracoronary stent does not affect the DA of recurrent angina or exerciseinduced st depression in predicting residual stenosis we also conclude that exercise tolerance is similar after balloon angioplasty with or without stenting despite a better angiographic outcome in the group receiving a stent suggesting a minimal threshold beyond which the patient is no longer at risk for ischemia during exercise
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the authors propose to T0 parathyroid hormone receptors in humans by means of a test inspired by the ellsworthhoward test using the active synthetic fragment of the hormone pth the use of this test in patients healthy subjects patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria cases of pagets disease patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism cases of basal cell nevus syndrome who received different doses of this substance intravenously revealed a marked dosedependent stimulation of adenylcyclase as objectified by an increase in urinary excretion of cAMP ampcu distal tubular calcium reabsorption was also significantly affected as demonstrated by a decrease in urinary calcium in the first hours following administration of the fragment even in the case of idiopathic hypercalciuria in comparison to the CP ellsworthhoward test however no significant urinary phosphate response was observed during the present test similarly urinary hydroxyproline and phosphate and calcium blood levels remained SD as the results obtained for the case of HP demonstrate this easily performed test is useful for valuating parathormone receptors in kidney by means of two sensitive parameters ampcu and the ratio of fractional urinary calcium to urinary creatinine in addition to its action synthetic fragment h pth offers the advantage of being totally innocuous
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the effect of the nondiuretic dextrorotatory isomer of ozolinone on furosemideinduced diuresis was studied by means of clearance and micropuncture techniques in rats after intravenous injection dozolinone antagonized the furosemideinduced increase in renal fluid and electrolyte excretion in a doserelated manner microperfusion experiments of henles loop in vivo revealed that dozolinone did not interfere with the action of furosemide at this tubular site however dozolinone markedly decreased the furosemide to in clearance ratio presumably as a consequence of inhibition of furosemide secretion into the PT tubules it is assumed that in consequence of a high affinity for the PT organic acid transport system dozolinone depresses proximal tubular furosemide secretion and prevents transfer of this diuretic to the tubular fluid thus under the influence of dozolinone furosemide cannot reach the loop of henle in sufficient amounts and its diuretic effect is blocked
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in this T0 we investigated possible differences in fibrinolytic activity in cardiac patients while they performed TM and cycle ergometry thirteen postmyocardial infarction patients completed two maximal GXT on treadmill and cycle ergometers blood was collected before and after each exercise test and was analyzed for the fibrinolytic variables tissue plasminogen activator tpa and plasminogen activator inhibitor pai activity and lactate maximal oxygen uptake heart rate and ventilation were greater p on the treadmill than during cycle ergometry however blood lactate was similar between modes tpa activity significantly increased with exercise p and there was a trend toward a reduction in pai activity with exercise but this did not reach statistical significance the fibrinolytic responses to VO2max did not differ between the two modes of exercise studied therefore exercise intensity but not the mode of exercise appeared to be the primary determinant of the fibrinolytic response to acute exercise in these patients
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germanium acid a specific inhibitor of the silicic acid metabolism in diatoms inhibits the growth of sinapis alba lemna minor wolffia arrhiza nicotiana tabacum tradescantia spec zinnia elegans and secale cereale when applied in the same concentrations as those used in the case of diatoms μg geoml medium the growth of aspergillus niger phycomyces blakesleanus escherichia coli k euglena gracilis and pandorina morum is not influenced by these and higher concentrations of Ge acid by application of high concentrations of silicic acid the growth inhibition produced by germanium acid in lemna minor is partially reduced plants of lemna minor which have been inhibited by Ge acid are essentially smaller than plants grown in a normal medium their chlorophyll content is significantly decreased the growth of the roots in lemna is particularly inhibited isolated growing roots of lycopersicon pimpinellifolium mill are inhibited by small concentrations of geoh ca à ml in contrast to the growth of older plants the germination of secale cereale and sinapis alba is not influenced by geoh the effects of germanium acid are discussed in relation to the physiological role of silicic acid the results suggest that the element silicon in the form of silicic acid is generally essential for the normal OD of higher plants
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in the present study we have investigated whether enzyme histochemical parameters can be applied to detect early ischemic damage in rat heart T3 ischemia without restoratin on haemopoietic F0 cell transplants performed in EU countries between and was used to assess the number of transplants per million inhabitants per year by principal indication and donor source transplants were performed per million inhabitants per year with a range of differences between countries may be due to the availability of beds and resources or to divergent opinions about treatments we used the coefficient of variation cv to assess the degree of agreement between clinicians with regard to different procedures and indications with a cutoff of or to indicate consensus the rate of allogeneic transplantation between the countries was more homogenous than that of autologous transplantation mean per million inhabitants range cv versus mean per million inhabitants range cv consensus was found for allografting in chronic myeloid leukaemia cml in first CP cv cml in later phases cv acute myeloid leukaemia aml in CR1 cv aml beyond first CR remission cv acute lymphoblastic leukaemia beyond first complete remission and SAA consensus for autografting was observed for HD disease cv nonhodgkins lymphoma cv and aml beyond first remission cv with this method an assessment of medical opinion can be made in spite of the different availabilities of resources these data reflect the state of the art in haemopoietic precursor cell usage in europe they provide a basis for patient counselling and healthcare planning
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health traits are of paramount importance for economic dairy production improvement in liability to diseases has been made with better management practices but genetic aspects of health traits have received less attention dairy producers in canada have been recording eight health traits mastitis mast lameness lame cystic ovarian disease cod LDA lda ketosis ket metritis met milk fever mf and RP rp since april genetic analyses of these traits were carried out in this T0 for the holstein breed edits on herd distributions of recorded diseases were applied to the data to ensure a sufficient quality of recording traits were analysed either individually mast lame cod or were grouped according to biological similarities lda and ket and met mf and rp and analysed with multipletrait models data included cases of any of the above diseases incidence ranged from for mf to for mast met and ket also had an incidence below VC were estimated using four different sire threshold models the differences between models resulted from the inclusion of days at risk dar and a cow effect in addition to herd parity and sire effects models were compared using mean squared error statistic mean squared error favoured in GA the sire and cow within sire model with regression on dar included heritabilities on the liability scale were between met and lda there was a moderate positive genetic rho between lda and ket and between met and rp
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a mouse hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody mab that bound a noncapsular epitope expressed on c neoformans was developed by immunizing balbc mice with formalinkilled serotype a yeasts the hybridoma designated csfi secreted an immunoglobulin gb mab that reacted with all c neoformans serotypes tested including the acapsular mutant atcc cap postsectioned immune electron microscopy revealed extensive binding of the mab to the PCW of both encapsulated and acapsular yeasts sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel PACE and western blot analysis of secreted antigens recovered from concentrated SNs from both encapsulated and acapsular strains was conducted the results showed that this mab bound predominantly to antigens with molecular masses of approximately and kda a competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent CA was used to demonstrate that the mab was not crossreactive with purified glucuronoxylomannan derived from either serotypes a or d experiments conducted with mouse peritoneal phagocytes and the mouse phagocytelike cell line ja demonstrated that the csfi mab opsonized the yeasts and increased their adherence to both types of phagocytic cells we conclude therefore that antibodies directed at noncapsular epitopes can serve as opsonins and may have a role in modulating cryptococcal infection
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melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester cape a component of honeybee propollation distribution and growth of c fluminea and bellamya sp were also discussed
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sendai and semliki forest viruses sfv raised the interferon ifn level in blood and suppressed the acute inflammatory response induced by carrageenan in cflp mice T3 sendai virus had been inoculated unresponsiveness developed to repeated challenge either with the same virus or with sfv the hyporeactive state culminated hr T3 first virus inoculation it was characterized by absence of ifn induction and by disappearance of the virusinduced antiinflammatory effect in contrast the antiinflammatory effect of indomethacin and dexamethasone remained unchanged in addition peripheral WBCs were counted upon sendai virus inoculation either in normal or in hyporesponsive mice six hr after inoculation sendai virus induced a marked granulocytosis with lymphopenia in hyporesponsive mice leukocytosis was observed repeated sendai virus injection was followed by a less pronounced granulocytosis while the decreased number of mononuclear cells remained unchanged these alterations in mice inoculated with sendai virus offers a MM of hyporesponsiveness established in vivo
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the effect of dmannose on adherence of escherichia coli strains to vaginal and buccal epithelial cells from women with recurrent urinary tract infections and on agglutination of human and guinea pig erythrocytes was tested urinary vaginal or anal isolates from women with such infections were used of the strains per cent demonstrated adherence to epithelial cells dmannose inhibited completely the adherence of strains per cent that adhered to vaginal cells and inhibited an additional strains per cent by at least per cent similar results were obtained with buccal cells the inhibitory effect of dmannose was similar regardless of the origin of the strains hemagglutination frequently was inhibited by dmannose but no consistent association between hemagglutination and epithelial cell adherence and the effect of dmannose was observed the results suggest that mannosesensitive as well as mannoseresistant adhesins frequently mediate escherichia coli adherence to vaginal epithelial cells and may contribute to vaginal colonization and cystitis
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one case of pulmonary lymphoma of malt origin is reported the diagnosis was made by histological and immunohistological study of surgical specimen cytologically the tumoral proliferation was made by an admixture of centrocytelike cells small lymphocytes and vacuolized PCs lymphoepithelial lesions were particular because induced by tumoral PCs from this case problems of diagnosis and physiopathology of pulmonary malt lymphomas are discussed
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a new anesthesia technology side stream spirometry now allows clinicians to monitor pressure volume flow compliance and resistance during routine anesthesia practice continuous monitoring with side stream spirometry is a major adjunct to patient safety because numerical and visual references show how change in one respiratory parameter affects the mechanics of the entire breath cycle to optimize ventilation and ensure adequate oxygenation it is common practice for clinicians to verify that the proper volume per breath is being delivered to the patient at the lowest possible pressure for artificial ventilation to be most physiologic each breath must be delivered with the most AGA flow at the required volume under the pressure appropriate for each patients pulmonary system and at the correct respiratory breath rate side stream spirometry makes it possible to continuously measure lung mechanics and the gas dynamics of flow volume and pressure using a simple sensor the dlite side stream syet among FS and lifelong nonsmokers of both sexes urinary Cd was not significantly associated with either systolic or diastolic blood pressure evidence that some hypertensive medications increase urinary cadmium excretion suggests that the positive associations seen among CS may reflect high urinary Cd levels among hypertensives induced by hypertensive treatment T3 treated hypertensives were removed from the analysis regression coefficients relating blood pressure to cadmium dropped by a factor of two and lost statistical significance we conclude that the present data provide little support for a causal association between systemic Cd and hypertension at nonoccupational exposure levels further conflicting results of previous studies may reflect failure to control adequately for age smoking status and hypertensive treatment
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indolepropionic acid ipa a phytohormone derivative is a potent inhibitor of growth of Lp cultivated extracellularly in a chemically defined hypotonic medium and intracellularly in THP-1 the inhibitory activity turns into bactericidal activity with increasing concentrations the susceptibility of the microorganism to ipa was more evident in fastgrowing cultures under conditions of vigorous shaking than in static cultures growing under an atmosphere of co air which resulted in a decreased growth rate the mic T3 incubation with the drug for h and as determined by counting of the cfu was microm for fastgrowing cultures and microm for those grown under static conditions the mbcs were and microm respectively tryptophan trp at microm prevented the inhibition caused by microm ipa increased the mic about fold and increased the mbc by fold the effect of trp was less remarkable in slowgrowing cultures the susceptibility of l pneumophila proliferating in human monocytes was markedly lower than that when it was cultivated extracellularly in the chemically defined hypotonic medium the mic after incubation for h was microm and a decrease in viable count was achieved with microm the lower susceptibility was apparently due at least partially to the presence of trp microm in the rpmi medium that was used for the monocyte cultures the effect of ipa was time dependent and PE enhanced the bactericidal activity and turned the GABA dose into a bactericidal dose the present data demonstrate that ipa is a potent antil pneumophila factor although it has a markedly lower activity against bacteria growing intracellularly compared with its activity against extracellularly proliferating microorganisms
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three hundred and four female ducks of the chinese indigenous shan ma breed progeny of sires and dams were used to study laying traits among them ducks were used to T0 the egg shell quality traits of eggs laid at days of age the mean age at first egg was days with an average EW of ± g between and days of age egg weight increased from ± g to ± g and the mean of the number of eggs laid up to days was ± egg length was ± mm and egg width was ± mm leading to a shape index of ± egg shell thickness was about mm whatever the shell region and the breaking strength was ± n the heritabilitys estimated using restricted maximum likelihood reml methodology were high for egg weights ranging from to intermediate for the number of eggs laid ranging from to and low for the AFE heritabilitys for egg shell SQ traits varied from for the breaking strength to for egg length with inbetween values of for ST and for the shape imetalorganic FR mof nu via aldlike chemistry ald atomic SL deposition xray photoelectron spectroscopy and RS are used to determine that primarily ni and s CS are deposited within the mof in a ph buffered aqueous solution the porous catalyst is able to produce h gas at a rate of mmol g h upon uv irradiation whereas no h is generated by irradiating bare nu upon visible light irradiation little h generation was observed however with the addition of an organic dye RB nisaim can catalyze the production of h at an enhanced rate of mmol g h these results indicate that ald in mofs aim can engender reactivity within high surface area supports for applications in the solar fuels field
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AA concentrations in liver are decreased in response to ethanol administration in addition the oxygenated products of arachidonic acid metabolites could affect the severity of alcoholic CL injury selective utilization of AA by the cytochrome p system could in part account for the decrease in AA to evaluate this pathway further male wistar rats were fed different dietary fats medium chain triglycerides palm oil and corn oil or fish oil with either ethanol or isocaloric amounts of dextrose histopathology cytochrome pe cype and cytochrome pa cypa and omega and omegahydroxylation products of lauric and AA acids were evaluated ethanol induction of cype was related to the concentration of PUFA fatty acids in the diet induction of cypa by ethanol was seen in all CG the highest levels of hydroxylauric acid and hydroxyarachidonic acid omega were seen in rats fed ethanol with PO and corn oil highly significant correlations were seen between the omegahydroxylation products and cype activity no correlation was seen between the omegahydroxylation products and cype activity in contrast the C2 of omegahydroxylation products correlated with cypa the overall results showed a significant increase in omegahydroxylation products in rats fed diets containing significant amounts of linoleic acid ie palm oil and corn oil
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signaling of information in the vertebrate CE NS is often carried by populations of SN rather than individual SN also propagation of suprathreshold spiking activity involves populations of SN empirical studies addressing cortical CF directly thus require recordings from populations of neurons with high resolution here we describe an optical method and a deconvolution algorithm to record neural activity from up to neurons with singlecell and singlespike resolution this method relies on detection of the transient increases in intracellular somatic calcium concentration associated with suprathreshold electrical spikes action potentials in cortical neurons high temporal resolution of the optical recordings is achieved by a fast randomaccess scanning technique using acoustooptical deflectors aods twophoton excitation of the calciumsensitive dye results in high spatial resolution in opaque brain tissue reconstruction of spikes from the fluorescence calcium recordings is achieved by a maximumlikelihood method simultaneous EP and optical recordings indicate that our method reliably detects spikes spike detection efficiency has a low rate of false positive spike detection spikessec and a high temporal precision about msec this optical method of spike PCD can be used to record neural activity in vitro and in anesthetized animals in vivo
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each technological OD of radiotherapy is an example of interaction between physicians and physicists in the past it was the case for the first xrays generators betatrons and particle accelerators to date this is the case for cyberknives and intensity modulation radiotherapy in the future this will be the case for proton and hadrontherapy however in a GA tendency of favouring higher radiation energies leaving the kv orthovoltage irradiators and preferring accelerators delivering some tens mev to reach the deepest tumours how to consider the anticancer applications of SR that provides xrays in the kev only since the first approaches developed in the usa in seventies until the last preclinical trials performed at the EU synchrotron radiation facility of grenoble the radiobiological features of the chemoradiotherapy involving synchrotron radiation will be described and analysed throughout a transversal view considering physicochemical bases biomolecular and cellular mechanisms and results from the preclinical trials in order to provide a GA outcome and some eventual transfer perspectives
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the intrinsic fluidpropelling behavior of guinea pig jejunal segments was reportedly altered by primary infection with trichinella spiralis from day to day hpi T3 that time propulsive behavior returned to normal the objective in the investigation reported here was to determine if jejunal responsiveness to an infection is influenced by prior SE to the parasite accordingly jejunal propulsion was examined in guinea pigs reinfected mo after the initial inoculation with the parasite propulsive behavior was measured in vitro by attaching oral and aboral ends of jejunal segments to a propulsion DUE system that imposed inputoutput conditions of constant capacitance and negligible resistance propulsive complexes produced by segments removed from animals days after primary inoculation were generally similar in configuration to those produced by segments from uninfected hosts the pronounced net aboral propulsive behavior previously observed days T3 primary infection was not observed in segments from animals days postinfection or from uninfected controls T3 secondary inoculation the fluid volume expelled per propulsive complex began to increase within day and net aboral propulsive SMB was clearly evident days postinoculation as net aboral propulsive SMB was induced approximately five times faster after secondary as compared with primary inoculation with t spiralis it is evident that the overall intrinsic mechanisms that are responsible for an earlier ON of net aboral propulsive SMB are responsive for at least mo after initial SE to the parasite
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the CT projection includes a main modulatory projection from cortical SL vi terminating with small endings whereas a less numerous driving projection from SL v forms giant endings such dual DP of CT projections is well established in rodents and cats for many cortical areas in nonhuman primates monkeys it has been reported for the primary sensory cortices a v s the motor and premotor cortical areas and in the parietal lobe also for area the present study aimed first at refining the cytoarchitecture parcellation of area into the subareas pe and pea and second establishing whether area also exhibits this dual DP of CT projection and what is its precise topography to this aim the tracer biotinylated dextran amine bda was injected in area pe in one monkey and in area pea in a second monkey area pe sends a major projection terminating with small endings to the thalamic LP nucleus lp VPL nucleus vpl PM pum and but fewer to VP LP dorsal division vlpd central lateral nucleus cl and center median nucleus cm whereas giant endings formed restricted terminal fields in lp vpl and pum for area pea the corticothalamic projection formed by small endings was found mainly in lp vpl anterior pulvinar pua lateral pulvinar pul pum and to a lesser extent in ventral posterior VPI vpi cl MD nucleus md and cm giant endings originating from area pea formed restricted terminal fields in lp vpl pua pum md and pul furthermore the origin of the TC projections to areas pe and pea was established exhibiting clusters of SN in the same thalamic nuclei as above in other words predominantly in the caudal TH via the giant endings ct projection Az pe and pea may send feedforward transthalamic projections to remote cortical areas in the parietal temporal and FC lobes contributing to polysensory and sensorimotor integration relevant for visual guidance of reaching movements for instance
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freezing of CRC has the advantage of preserving SQ and viability of red blood cells when used for autologous blood it allows a flexible schedule of multiple preoperative donations the main disadvantage is the need for deglycerolization before retransfusion so frozen storage is thought to be time and costintensive the combination of predeposit autologous blood maintained in frozen storage and intraoperative blood salvage cell saver returning the autologous red cells to the patient after washing has been our routine program in orthopedic surgery for several years therefore the idea arose of transferring the thawing and deglycerolization procedure to the surgical theatre in order to use the cell saver twice the anesthetist takes care of the preparation of the predeposit blood according to the actual needs of the patient one unit of washed packed predeposit CRC is available within min the intraoperative blood salvage can be performed with the same machine simultaneously without interference as drawing of blood is still possible during the washing procedure since the same disposable is used for both procedures costs are saved using this RPA cell freezing was established in our orthopedic hospital where more than of hemotherapy is now covered by AB
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the formation of color centers induced by irradiation with arf excimer lasers in caf crystals was found to depend strongly on the sodium impurity concentration sodiumrelated color centers were generated by twophoton absorption because the Mw of the induced absorption coefficient just after irradiation started was proportional to the square of the laser fluence the saturation absorption also depended on laser fluence and a photobleaching induced absorption phenomenon was observed we concluded that the saturation absorption level was determined by the equilibrium between TPE and onephoton reverse reaction
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CSS is a vasculitis accompanied by asthma and eosinophilia it is generally considered a disease of adults occurrence in children has been reported infrequently here we report pediatric patients with churgstrauss syndrome manifesting with prominent pulmonary involvement one a yearold with a previous history of asthma presented with pleuritic chest pain and a peripheral pulmonary nodule complicated by an eosinophilic pleural effusion the other patient presented at age with cough WL and radiographic infiltrates lung biopsies revealed elements characteristic of churgstrauss syndrome including eosinophilic microabscesses and vasculitis three and year followup showed continued symptoms in both patients despite medical therapy both patients illustrate many of the typical features of churgstrauss syndrome we report these cases to expand the scant knowledge about CSS in pediatric patients and to heighten awareness that this serious disease may affect the pediatric population the relevant literature on churgstrauss syndrome with TPS reference to childhood cases is reviewed
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proprietary spearmint extract pse containing a minimum rosmarinic acid and total phenolic content has evinced positive effects on cognition in individuals aged with SM impairment T3 chronic supplementation to address the growing interest in connecting mental and physical performance the present T0 examined whether the nootropic effects of pse translate into changes in reactive agility following daily supplementation with pse
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the eeg signal is very often contaminated by EA external to the BB these artefacts make the accurate detection of epileptiform activity more difficult a scheme developed to improve the PCD of these artefacts and hence epileptiform event detection is introduced a structure of parallel support vector machine classifiers is assembled one classifier tuned to perform the ID of epileptiform activity the remainder trained for the detection of ocular and movementrelated artefacts this strategy enables an absolute reduction in false DR of with the constraint of ensuring all epileptic events are recognized such a scheme is desirable given that sections of data which are heavily contaminated with artefact need not be excluded from analysis
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to develop a novel ibuprofenloaded SD with enhanced BA various ibuprofenloaded solid dispersions were prepared with water hpmc and poloxamer the effect of hpmc and poloxamer on aqueous solubility of ibuprofen was investigated the dissolution and BA of solid dispersion in rats were then evaluated compared to ibuprofen powder when the amount of carrier increased with a decreased in hpmcpoloxamer ratio the aqueous solubility of ibuprofen was elevated the SD composed of ibuprofenhpmcpoloxamer at the weight ratio of improved the drug solubility approximately fold it gave significantly higher initial plasma concentration auc and cmax of drug than did ibuprofen powder in rats the solid dispersion improved the BA of drug about fold compared to ibuprofen powder thus this ibuprofenloaded SD with water hpmc and poloxamer was a more effective oral dosage form for improving the bioavailability of poor watersoluble ibuprofen
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we examined if administration of an antioxidant compound protects against the OD of insulin resistance and hypertension male rats were assigned randomly into four CG and treated for weeks with normal chow normal chow plus nacetylcysteine gdaykg fructose of diet and fructose plus nacetylcysteine after weeks plasma triglyceride and ftisoprostane and insulin sensitivity were measured and T3 weeks pressor response to methoxamine microgkg min was assessed relative to normal chowfed controls the FFR had increased blood pressure plasma insulin triglyceride and ftisoprostane and decreased insulin sensitivity these changes were inhibited by NAC maximal pressor response to methoxamine was att in the fructosefed rats given nacetylcysteine relative to the other three groups therefore chronic treatment with nacetylcysteine increases insulin sensitivity and prevents the blood pressure increase associated with fructose FF in rats the mechanism may involve the decrease of oxidative AS and alphaadrenoceptormediated vasoconstriction
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the goals of this article are to discuss the role of breastspecific pet imaging of women with breast CA compare the clinical performance of positron emission mammography pem and mr imaging for current indications and provide recommendations for when women should undergo pem instead of breast mr imaging
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the pharmacokinetics of newly developed CZX suppository czxs was studied in healthy volunteers and in children compared with that of IM czx and intravenous czx in volunteers aged to years each of mg potency czxs containing and C10 was compared with mg IM czx and mg intravenous czx as a single administration in the crossover method in addition each of mg czxs containing and sodium caprate was studied in groups of volunteers aged to years and of volunteers aged to years each czxs was given times a day successively for days the pharmacokinetics of mg and mg czxs which contained sodium caprate were also evaluated as a single administration in children aged years months to years month and in children aged years months to years months respectively the irritabilities of czxs were studied in all subjects who participated in this trial the feeling of foreign body the feeling of defecation the burning sensation and the pain were evaluated in volunteers the feeling of defecation and the pain were evaluated in children the results were as follows i pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers given as a single administration the mean peak concentrations of serum czx were occurred minutes after mg czxs containing and C10 which were mcgml mcgml and mcgml respectively these values were mcgml mcgml and mcgml at the conversion unit of mg dose per kg body weight the mean peak SS czx concentration of czxs containing C10 was slightly lower than that of czxs containing or C10 but was times higher than that oracellular and intranephron localization is known were determined from crude cell homogenates of llcpk and mdck monolayer cultures the activity patterns of the particular enzymes found were then compared with the in vivo distribution of the enzymes along the rat nephron llcpk cells exhibit high activities of apical membrane enzymes when compared with mdck cells whereas in the latter high activity of nakatpase could be detected the MICs of lysosomal enzymes mitochondrial enzymes and transaminases were higher in llcpk than in mdck cells glycolytic enzymes however displayed MZ activity C2 in both the llcpk and mdck cells which may be due to the fact that these are continuous cell lines and to the SC conditions used since glucose is a L1 energy source in the culture media
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group b coxsackieviruses cvbs must cross the epithelium as they initiate infection but the mechanism by which this occurs remains uncertain the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor car is a component of the tight junction and is inaccessible to virus approaching from the apical surface many cvbs also interact with the gpianchored protein DAF daf here we report that virus attachment to daf on the apical cell surface activates abl kinase triggering racdependent actin rearrangements that permit virus movement to the tight junction within the junction interaction with car promotes conformational changes in the virus CA that are essential for virus entry and release of viral rna interaction with daf also activates fyn kinase an event that is required for the phosphorylation of caveolin and transport of virus into the cell within caveolar LDV cvbs thus exploit dafmediated signaling pathways to surmount the epithelial barrier
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a restriction map of phi a dna kb was established for nine endonucleases bcli clai ecori ecorv hpai pvui sacii sphi and xbai which cut the phage genome up to times there was no sites for bamhi bglii hindiii psti pvuii saci or sali phi a dna circularized through its cohesive ends could integrate into the genome of several streptomyces hosts to form SD lysogens integration occurred by recombination between unique att CS on the phage attp and the host attb genomes the attp site has been located on the phi a restriction map deletion mutants of phi a dna were obtained by selecting for pyrophosphate or edtaresistant clones the deletions occurred either near the lefthand end of the conventional restriction map or about kb from the righthand end close to but not affecting the unique sacii site together the deletions defined at least kb of dna of the phage genome nonessential for PI formation phi a dna was introduced into s lividans protoplasts by liposomeassisted transfection since the phage does not adsorb to IN cells of this strain and therefore does not form plaques an overlay of s antibioticus spores was used to detect the infectious progeny released by the protoplasts using this technique phi a could be introduced into s antibioticus with an efficiency of about x pfu per micrograms dna equivalent to x pfu per dna molecule
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with the growing recognition that all polypeptide hormones exist in heterogeneous forms ie isohormones this T0 represents the initial development of a comprehensive catalogue of the various isohormone species of human growth hormone hgh in relation to molecular structure the catalogue is based primarily on results obtained in quantitative PAGE page in a multiphasic buffer system optimized for characterization of hgh thus hgh forms can be recognized in objective numerical terms based on physicochemical parameters of molecular size and net charge isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel and page in sodium dodecyl sulphate in the presence and absence of reducing agents supplement the quantitative page criteria TPS hgh immunoreactivity is necessary to CR distinguish hgh from hormones of similar size and charge properties prolactin and chorionic somatomammotrophin in the examination of eight standard hgh S9 obtained from four laboratories all S9 exhibited multiple isohormone species from two to five components per preparation these identifiable components appear to represent the predominant species of a bidirectional continuum of hgh components the continuum being in regard to both molecular size and charge within any given preparations the continuum presents itself as a series of identifiable charge isomers between S9 in addition there are size differences as well which may relate to conformational changes unfolding in some S9
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the genetic AF determining the magnitude of the response to exercise training are poorly understood the aim of this T0 was to identify quantitative trait loci qtl associated with adaptation to exercise training in a cross between fvbnj fvb and cblj b mice mice completed an exercise performance test before and after a wk TR program and changes in exercise capacity expressed as work kgm were calculated changes in work in f mice averaged kgm with a range of to kgm all f mice n were genotyped at cm intervals with single nucleotide polymorphisms snps and genomewide linkage scans were performed for pretraining posttraining and change in work significant qtl for pretraining work were located on chromosomes at cm logarithm of odds lod and at cm lod for posttraining work significant qtl were located on chromosomes at cm lod and at cm lod suggestive qtl for changes in work were found on chromosomes at cm lod and at cm lod when pretraining work was used as a covariate a potential qtl for change in work was identified on chromosome at cm lod these data indicate that one or more qtl determine exercise capacity and training responses in mice furthermore these data suggest that the genes that determine pretraining work and training responses may differ
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two patients are described with acute rheumatic carditis and severe heart failure who failed to respond to aggressive medical treatment with CS salicylates inotropic agents and afterload reduction in both cases cardiac catheterization revealed severe aortic and mitral r dipolar ionic detergent results in PR of the sedimentable hemolysin the sigmoidal nature of the progress curve of postnuclear supernatant hemolysis as well as synergistic interactions between fractions of amoebal whole cell extracts suggests that the hemolytic activity has a multicomponent nature with at least two and possibly three components participating in the hemolytic event the significance of these findings in the context of naeglerial cytopathogenicity is discussed
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pulmonary gas exchange and acidbase state were compared in nine danish lowlanders l acclimatized to m for wk and seven native bolivian residents n of la paz altitude m brought acutely to this altitude we evaluated normalcy of pHa and assessed pulmonary gas exchange and acidbase balance at rest and during peak exercise when breathing room air and o despite wk at m and considerable renal bicarbonate excretion arterial plasma hco concentration meql resting arterial ph in l was significantly greater than on the other hand arterial ph in n was only despite arterial o saturation of T3 ascent from to m in h maximal SP output was similar in the two CG breathing air whereas on o only l showed a significant increase during exercise in air arterial pco was torr lower in l than in n p yet po was the same such that at maximal VO2 alveolararterial po difference was lower in n torr than in l torr p calculated o diffusing capacity was higher in n than in l and if referenced to maximal hyperoxic work capacity was greater in n buffering of LA was greater in n with less increase in BD per millimole per liter rise in lactate these data show in l persistent alkalosis even after wk at m in n the data show insignificant reduction in exercise capacity when breathing air at m compared with PLB o very little ventilatory response to acute hypoxemia judged by pHa and arterial pco responses to hyperoxia during exercise greater pulmonary diffusing capacity than in l allowing maintenance of arterial po despite lower ventilation and better buffering of LA these results support and extend similar observations concerning adaptation in lung CF in these and other highaltitude native CG previously performed at much lower altitudes
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earthbased MG simulation techniques are required due to space research constraints using diamagnetic levitation we exposed arabidopsis thaliana in vitro callus cultures to environments with different levels of ERP gravity and magnetic field strengths b simultaneously the environments included simulated g at b t an internal g control b t and hypergravity g at b t furthermore samples were also exposed to altered gravity environments that were created with mechanical devices such as the random positioning machine simulated μg and the large diameter centrifuge g we have determined the proteomic signature of cell cultures exposed to these alteredgravity environments by means of the difference gel electrophoresis dige technique and we have compared the results with microarraybased transcriptomes from the same samples the magnetic field itself produced a low number of proteomic alterations but the combination of gravitational alteration and magnetic field exposure produced synergistic effects on the proteome of plants the number of significant changes is times greater tandem mass spectrometry identification of overlapping spots in the different conditions corroborates a L1 role of abiotic AS and secondary metabolism proteins in the molecular adaptation of plants to unusual environments including microgravity
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it is known that crossreinnervation occurs when regenerating nerve SF recombine in BPI especially in obstetrical paralysis this crossreinnervation causes abnormal contraction in many muscles simultaneously during voluntary movement to date however little has been reported on its pathophysiology severity and prognosis in order to clarify these problems cases of obstetrical paralysis were studied clinically and electromyographically and abnormal muscle contractions during voluntary movement were analyzed the results are as follows crossreinnervation is seen in most cases which have suffered from transection or severe injury near the transection of the nerve SF including that in the neural tube and which have got REC better than MMT grade poor crossreinnervation is caused by crossreinnervation of nerve SF which regenerate in the wrong muscles muscle contraction occurring in many muscles simultaneously is different from coordinate movement other paradoxical muscle action is found besides that of contraction crossreinnervation can be classified into the following types by the muscle groups showing the contraction deltoid m biceps brachii m type deltoid m BB m triceps brachii m type biceps brachii m TB m type deltoid m BB m TB m forearm mm type deltoid m biceps brachii m forearm mm type BB m triceps brachii m forearm mm type triceps brachii m forearm mm type abnormal muscle activity caused by crossreinnervation is found from months T3 nerve recovery from wallerian degeneration and it does not improve but PT or operative treatment can bring improvement in ADL clinical severity of crossreinnervation is correlated to the severity of paralysis and in proportion to the ratio of normally recovered nerve SF and crossreinnervated nerve SF it suggests that crossreinnervation is caused by the discordant REC from injury of nerve SF in the brachial plexus the site of crossreinnervation depends on the severity of paralysis usually it spreads from the th and th C2 nerve roots to the upper trunk medial trunk posterior cord and lastly to the lower trunk and medial cord determined by the severity of paralysis this agrees with the way of spreading of obstetrical paralysis
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patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids often suffer from WL manifested by a loss of BCM bcm the causes of human immunodeficiency virus hivassociated wasting may include anorexia malabsorption and a variety of altered metabolic states malabsorption and diarrhea may result from gastrointestinal tract opportunistic infections or from direct effects of hiv on the gastrointestinal tract infection with hiv may produce metabolic derangements that alter nutrient utilization resulting in loss of bcm nutritional assessment of the patient with aids should include an evaluation of bcm and physical and psychosocial functioning ARV therapy and eradication of opportunistic infections do not always reverse wasting treatment should include nutritional counseling TPN nutrition is sometimes of benefit particularly in patients with damaged gastrointestinal tracts dronabinol and MA may promote WG however dronabinol may have adverse effects and most of the gain with megestrol acetate is in fat rather than bcm if gonadal dysfunction is present testosterone replacement therapy should be included in the treatment plan some studies suggest that oral AS may improve muscle strength and BC in randomized PCTs mammalianderived human growth hormone rhghm has produced sustained weight and bcm gains in aids patients if a patient continues to lose bcm after the above factors have been addressed and corrected a week course of rhghm is indicated halting the progression of hivassociated wasting may improve survival enhance physical and SF and enrich quality of life
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the ability of staphylococcus aureus to adapt to various conditions of AS is the result of a complex regulatory response previously it has been demonstrated that clp homologues are important for a variety of AS conditions and our laboratory has shown that a clpc homologue was highly expressed in the s aureus CS dsm during biofilm formation relative to expression in planktonic cells persistence and LT survival are a hallmark of biofilmassociated staphylococcal infections as cure frequently fails even in the presence of bactericidal antimicrobials to determine the role of clpc in this context we performed metabolic mRNA and longterm growth and survival analyses of dsm as well as an isogenic clpc allelicreplacement mutant a sigb mutant and a clpc sigb double mutant as expected the clpc mutant showed increased sensitivity to oxidative and heat stresses unanticipated however was the reduced expression of the tricarboxylic acid tca cycle gene citb encoding aconitase resulting in the loss of aconitase activity and preventing the catabolization of acetate during the stationary phase clpc inactivation abolished poststationaryphase REC but also resulted in significantly enhanced stationaryphase survival compared to that of the wildtype CS these data demonstrate the critical role of the clpc atpase in regulating the tca cycle and implicate clpc as being important for recovery from the stationary phase and also for entering the death phase understanding the stationary and poststationaryphase REC in s aureus may have important clinical implications as little is known about the mechanisms of LT persistence of chronic s aureus infections associated with formation of biofilms
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ten healthy elderly male volunteers were given mgkg of caffeine by intravenous infusion on three separate occasions this resulted in mean peak plasma concentrations of caffeine of microgramsml immediately T3 each of the three caffeine infusions the mean systolic BPs increased and mm hg and the mean diastolic BPs increased and mm hg respectively both the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures returned to preinfusion values within hours the qs index and the left VET lvet index increased after caffeine probably as a result of the caffeineinduced increase in arterial blood pressure the preejection period pep the peplvet ratio and the diastolic time remained unchanged caffeine in doses equal to those contained in to cups of coffee produces an increase in blood pressure but has no demonstrable positive inotropic effect in healthy elderly men
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neurovascular degeneration contributes to the pathogenesis of alzheimers disease ad because erythropoietin epo promotes EC regeneration we investigated the therapeutic effects of epo in animal models of ad in aged tg mice epo receptors epors were expressed in the SC and hippocampus tg mice were treated with daily i.t. of epo iukgday for days at days epo improved contextual memory as measured by fearconditioning test epo enhanced EC proliferation and the level of synaptophysin expression in the BB epo also increased CD and decreased the level of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts rage in the brain while decreasing in the amount of amyloid PI and amyloidβ aβ in cultured human endothelial cells epo enhanced angiogenesis and suppressed the expression of the rage these results show that epo improves memory and ameliorates endothelial degeneration induced by aβ in ad models this preclinical evidence suggests that epo may be useful for the treatment of ad
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the position of the pelvic fins among teleost fishes has tended to shift rostrally during evolution this positional shift seems to have led to the diversification of FF SMB and allowed adaptation to new environments to understand the developmental basis of this shift in pelvic fin position among teleosts we investigated the embryonic development of the LPM which gives rise to the pelvic fins at histological levels in the medaka oryzias latipes abdominal pelvic fins and nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus thoracic pelvic fins our histological analyses revealed that the lateral plate mesodermal cells expand not only ventrally but also rostrally to cover the yolk during embryogenesis of both medaka and nile tilapia in medaka we also found that the lateral plate mesoderm CR covered the yolk prior to the initiation of the pelvic fin buds whereas in nile tilapia the pelvic fin buds appeared in the body wall from the lateral SP mesoderm at the thoracic level when the lateral plate mesodermal cells only covered onethird of the yolk we discuss the relevance of such differences in the rate of the LPM expansion on the yolk surface and the position of the pelvic fins
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restenosis after coronary angioplasty is the single complication that most limits this revascularization procedure in clinical practice the process is largely unpredictable and the lesionrelated factors predisposing to restenosis are poorly understood with little consensus in published reports in this T0 using detailed quantitative angiographic measurements to assess lesions the simple lesion characteristics associated with restenosis were defined and the relation to the restenosis process documented restenosis was defined as an absolute deterioration in the MLD by greater than or equal to mm a criterion based on the confidence intervals for repeat angiographic measurements this was chosen in an attempt to separate spurious changes due to a poor angiographic result and the R2 of angiographic measurements from significant changes due to the restenosis process the principal determinants of restenosis were found to be a large improvement in the minimal lumen diameter at the time of dilation mm for the restenosis group compared with mm for the no restenosis group p less than and an optimal postangioplasty result minimal lumen diameter mm in the restenosis group compared with mm p less than in the no restenosis group corresponding to a and a DS respectively p less than these observations reported for the first time suggest that the distinction needs to be made between a clinical restenosis of greater than or equal to diameter stenosis and the restenosis process as measured by the absolute changes occurring during and after angioplastyabstract truncated at words
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an inflammatory reaction was induced in vivo by injection of zymosan into the peritoneal cavity of the rabbit the inflammatory exudate was found to contain oedemainducing and neutrophil chemoattractant activity when assayed in rb skin in vivo using ialbumin and inneutrophils this activity was additional to that of C5a which was removed by an affinity gel two chemoattractants were isolated by cationexchange gelfiltration and reversedphase hplc one of these which ran as a single band of kda on sdspage was subjected to nterminal sequence analysis without reduction and alkylation of cysteine residues positive identification of of the first amino acids revealed a rabbit homologue of interleukin sequence identity with human interleukin the demonstration of interleukin as a L1 neutrophil chemoattractant in an inflammatory reaction in vivo provides the basis for further investigations into the role of this cytokine in the inflammatory process
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the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the adhesive processes that lead to homing andor mobilization of HPCs and the influence of blood rheology is still limited we analyzed the impact of flow conditions on the adhesion of cd peripheral blood progenitor cell pbpc to the adhesive proteins fibronectin laminin and collagen and to stromal cells
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