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activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors machrs inhibits spinal nociceptive transmission by potentiation of gabaergic tone through m m and m subtypes to study the signaling mechanisms involved in this unique machr action gabaergic sIPSCs sipscs of lamina ii SN were recorded using wholecell patch clamp techniques in rat spinal cord slices the machr agonist oxotremorinemead of multiple CG measurement of cow scc every month udder health monitoring by the veterinarian pasturing during outdoor season percentage of stalls contaminated with milk and bmscc cellsml although a causal relation between these factors and prevalence of cns is not proven and for some factors not even likely knowledge of the associations found may be helpful when approaching cns problems on dairy farms
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leukocyte cells ID is one of the most frequently performed blood tests and plays an important role in the diagnosis of diseases the quantitative observation of leukocyte cells is often complemented by morphological analysis in both research and clinical condition different from the traditional leukocyte cells morphometry methods a molecular hyperspectral imaging system based on acoustooptic tunable filter aotf was developed and used to observe the blood smears a combined spatial and spectral algorithm is proposed to identify the cytoplasm and the nucleus of leukocyte cells by integrating the fuzzy cmeans fcm with the spatial kmeans algorithm then the morphological parameters such as the cytoplasm area the nuclear area the perimeter the nuclear ratio the form factor and the solidity were calculated and evaluated experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than the spectral based algorithm as the new algorithm can jointly use the spatial and spectral information of leukocyte cells
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emerging evidence indicates that micrornas a class of small and wellconserved noncoding rnas participate in many physiological and pathological processes rnase iii endonuclease dicer is one of the key enzymes for microrna biogenesis here we found that dicer was downregulated in RT samples of CC crc patients at both mrna and protein C2 importantly intestinal epithelial cell iecspecific deletion of dicer mice got more tumors T3 azoxymethane and DSS dss administration interestingly iecspecific deletion of dicer led to severe chronic inflammation and epithelium layer remodeling in mice with or without dss administration microarray analysis of paired dicer deletion crc cell lines showed that mirp was one of the most significantly decreased mirnas in the intestinal epithelium of iecspecific deletion of dicer mice mirp was also found to be markedly reduced mechanistically mirp directly bound to the untranslated regions utrs of hmgbox containing hmgxb and was protein family member wasf two key proteins participated in cell motility and CSK CR to suppress their expressions intraperitoneal i.t. of mirp agomir an agonist of mirp curtailed chronic inflammation and CSK CR of colorectal epithelium and restored intestinal barrier function in iecspecific deletion of dicer mice induced by dss therefore our T0 reveals a key role of a dicermirphmgxbwasf axis in tumorigenesis of crc by regulation of CSK remodeling and maintaining integrity of intestinal barriers
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previous work from this laboratory has shown that isolated chick renal proximal tubule cells possess an nadependent pi transport system and that pi uptake is stimulated under gluconeogenic conditions it is shown in the present paper that gluconeogenesis is associated with a rapid incorporation of pi into membrane phospholipids particularly phosphatidylinositol and some evidence has been obtained for a NC in the relative amounts of phosphatidylinositol polyphosphates under gluconeogenic conditions there is no increase in the total phospholipid phosphate content however suggesting that pyruvateinduced incorporation of pi into phospholipids represents accelerated turnover rather than a net increase in synthesis it is suggested that the stimulation of nadependent pi uptake by Pyr is related to the increased rate of phospholipid turnover thus pi transport may be a further example of a physiological system that is influenced by phosphatidylinositol metabolism the role of phosphatidylinositol phosphates could be to stimulate transfer of transporter molecules from internarance had returned to control level on day T3 exercise at that time the increase in glucose storage was less pronounced than in day on day T3 exercise glucose and insulin responses to glucose were similar to preexercise values these results indicate that the increase in glucose storage by acute exercise is not systematically associated with an improved gl homeostasis suggesting that other adaptive mechanisms also contribute to the improvement of insulin sensitivity in endurance athletes
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we experimentally show that a random optical pulse train can be generated by modulating a bistable semiconductor ring laser when the ring laser is switched from the monostable to the bistable regime it randomly selects one of two different SD unidirectional lasing modes clockwise or counterclockwise modes nondeterministic random pulse sequences are generated by driving the switch parameter the injection current with a periodic pulse signal the origin of the nondeterministic randomness is the amplified spontaneous emission noise coupled to the counterpropagating lasing modes the statistical randomness properties are optimized by adjusting the relative strength of amplified spontaneous emission noise sources for the two lasing modes it is also shown that it is possible to generate optical pulse sequences which pass a standard suite of statistical randomness tests
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over the last two decades there as has been surging scientific interest in employing the gl and mannosespecific lectin concanavalin a cona in affinity biosensors for in vivo glucose monitoring in diabetics numerous research CG have successfully shown in in vitro and in vivo studies that conabased affinity sensors can monitor gl very accurately and reproducibly over many months making conabased sensors an extremely interesting prospect for LT implantation in humans despite this progress there remains concern over the safety of cona which has widely been reported as a toxin in the literature in this article we review in vitro and in vivo studies related to cona toxicity in order to assess the health risks posed by cona in the context of an implantable biosensor based on the wealth of information available and on data from our own studies we can conclude that the site of implantation subcutaneous skin tissue and the small amount of cona microgmicrol being used in implantable glucosesensitive detector devices like those proposed by various research CG would pose little or no health risk to its bearer even in the event of unexpected sensor rupture
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to examine the hemodynamic interactions of the phosphodiesterase type pde inhibitor tadalafil with the uroselective alphablocker alfuzosin mg daily commonly prescribed for benign prostatic hyperplasiarelated lower urinary tract symptoms erectile dysfunction is commonly associated with lower urinary tract symptoms pde inhibitors are the firstline treatment of choice for erectile dysfunction when coadministered with alphablockers pde inhibitors could induce OH
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a patient with nodular sclerosing hodgkins disease had at least three episodes of lung involvement consisting of an infiltrate on one occasion and multiple cavitating nodules on the other two the cytologic and histologic studies of the lung specimens disclosed the presence of reedsternberg cells on each occasion without any evidence for infection this represents the first time in which recurrent cavitating nodules have been reported with HD disease
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this study is the second of two publications that investigate the interactions between volatile and nonvolatile components in coffee brew the purpose here was to shed some light into the chemical mechanisms responsible for the decrease of volatile thiols when in contact with coffee nonvolatiles a mixture of volatile thiols covering a large range of physicochemical properties was monitored over time in the presence of a coffee brew MM the BP was estimated by spmegcms additives inhibiting specific reaction pathways were preincubated with the coffee brew h prior to addition of the volatile EDC Kd kinetics of the volatile thiols were characterized by their rate constants kobs the effect of individual additives was shown by calculating krel the relative rate constant as compared to the REF without additive the conclusion was that thiols mainly responsible for the roasty and burnt notes disappear via two main chemical mechanisms the results suggest that nucleophilic addition is the major pathway for thiol degradation addition occurs on oxidized species generated in the matrix in the presence of air this mechanism prevails for aliphatic thiols eg ethanethiol methanethiol benzylic thiols such as furfurylthiol can react in parallel via another pathway that is slowed in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of a radical scavenger this points to a radical mechanism but further work is needed to support this hypothesis a direct rho between thiol hydrophobicity and the magnitude of the interactions was shown as well therefore weak physical interactions or hydrophobic assistance accelerating chemical reactions cannot be excluded at this point of the T0
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epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is an inflammatory subepidermal bullous disease characterized by circulating and tissuebound complementbinding antibasement membrane zone autoantibodies to type vii procollagen lesions are characterized by neutrophilpredominant inflammation in some patients but not in others these features suggest complement activation and generation of complementderived chemotactic AF for leukocytes by basement membrane zone immune complexes may contribute to inflammation but that complexes may be heterogeneous in the ability to express that function in this T0 we measured the ability of basement membrane zone complexes from patients with n and without n PMNL predominant inflammation to activate complement and generate complementderived chemotactic activity using a complementdependent PMNL att CA the results showed considerable heterogeneity in neutrophil att among eba patients and that both the incidence vs and magnitude vs neutrophilsmm basement membrane zone of attachment were greater in patients with neutrophilpredominant inflammation PET heterogeneity appeared to be due to differences in the amounts of complementactivating complexes formed at the basement membrane zone which in turn appeared to be due to differences in the availability of circulating complementbinding antibasement membrane zone antibodies this was suggested by a positive rho r p less than between neutrophil attachment and complementbinding antibasement membrane zone antibody titers and the observation that high levels of PMNL attachment could be generated in skin from patients with EB acquisita who did not have neutrophilpredominant inflammation by treating their skin in vitro with complementbinding antibasement membrane zone antibodies these results suggest tissue complexes in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita are heterogeneous in the ability to activate complement and generate complementderived chemotactins ca ca des arg and that PET heterogeneity contributes to histologic heterogeneity the functional immunologicpathologic correlations observed in this study suggest epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is an autoimmune collagen disease
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a prospective randomized study was performed to assess the value of routine IOC ioc during cholecystectomy for gallstone disease four hundred and fiftyseven consecutive patients were screened for the presence of predefined clinical criteria assumed to indicate choledocholithiasis two hundred and eighty patients who had no positive criteria and in whom preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography had not been performed were randomized at the operating table to the ioc or noioc group followup was performed to years after the T0 with a questionnaire and by use of clinical biochemical and radiologic investigations as indicated MVA was used to identify independent predictors of choledocholithiasis and the combination of criteria having the best predictive ability the frequency of common bile duct calculi at T0 was significantly correlated with age and with all clinical criteria except recent or present one however only SB level cystic duct diameter demonstration of CBD calculi on preoperative imaging or intraoperative palpation and age at T0 were independent predictors of choledocholithiasis the overall best subset of clinical indicators contained all criteria with the exception of pancreatitis and alkaline phosphatase level negative predictive ability of the set of criteria was for patients up to years of age and for patients older than years at the time of operation no case of residual CBD calculi was present in the ioc and noioc groups at followup our data strongly support a policy of performing ioc during cholecystectomy only when clinical criteria suggest the presence of CBD abnormalities or to clarify ductal anatomy
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the proteasome highmolecularmass multicatalytic proteinase complex is composed of a large number of nonidentical protein subunits of the alpha and beta types the mouse betatype subunits lmp and lmp lmp lowmolecularmass protein are encoded within the mouse major DLA mhc ii region and are thought to connect the proteasome to the mhc classi antigenprocessing pathway in the present communication we have analysed the two proteasome subunits with regard to their identity within the proteasome complex their protein levels their amounts of mrna in different mouse tissues and cell lines and have investigated the intracellular localization of lmp and lmp subunits in thymus and CL by immunocytology our experiments indicate that lmp and lmp subunits are synthesized as precursor proteins of kda and kda respectively and that only the processed kda and kda subunits are part of the s proteasome complex the proportion of lmpsubunitcontaining and lmpsubunitcontaining proteasome complexes as well as lmp and lmp mrna C2 vary strongly and are shown to be dependent on the tissues or cell lines analysed furthermore high lmp and lmp mrna levels do not always correlate with high protein C2 suggesting a specific translational mechanism which controls proteasome subunit synthesis generally mrna levels appear to be particularly high in those tissues which are known to be involved in mhc classi antigen presentation immunocytological analysis shows a strong nuclear localization of the subunits in cells of the thymus while in the CL they appear to be evenly distributed between the two cellular compartments our data support the idea that both lmp and lmp proteins are nonessential proteasome subunits which are probably involved in the regulation of proteasome activities the function of the two subunits however may not be restricted to the proposed role of proteasomes in AP
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in the last few years EF has started to be extensively used in pediatric orthopedics and traumatology and ultrasound us monitoring has been adopted the role of us was investigated in a T0 on patients aged to years treated from november to december some patients underwent several interventions with different methods and therefore belong to more than one of the three considered groups in case of surgical lengthening group a the role of us was investigated in a study on patients aged to years the following variables were studied with us diastasis entity stump axis and the evolution of regenerated tissue within days of the beginning of lengthening first followup at days second followup and at days third followup ilizarov and wagner fixators and one external fixation reduction fixator were used on patients in segments femurs tibias and humerus in all corticotomies were performed in fractures treated with external fixators group b us allowed the study of the hematoma surrounding the lesion and of its progressive evolution from fibrous tissue to bone callus within days of EF first followup at days second followup and at days third followup eight patients were treated the segments treated were femurs and tibias fixators in all patients age ranged to years five patients underwent corrective osteotomies with external fixators group c in which group us followup exams were not standardized for all us examinations performed in real time an acuson unit with a mhz linear probe was used and anterior median and lateral longitudinal scans were acquired
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we evaluated the effects of daltroban on i human platelet shape NC and aggregation in vitro and ii mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures map and mpap respectively as well as haematocrit in anaesthetized openchest SDRs compared with those of a chemically distinct prostanoid thromboxane a txa receptor antagonist sq and agonist u in human platelets in vitro daltroban nm microm n per group concentrationdependently induced shape NC attaining at microm a maximum amplitude of mv representing of that evoked by u mv at microm n and inhibited uinduced platelet aggregation with an ic of nm sq nm microm n per group failed to evoke any platelet shape change but potently inhibited uinduced platelet aggregation with an ic nm in anaesthetized rats in vivo daltroban micrograms kg iv infused over min n per group produced a bellshaped DR curve for mpap and PCV and evoked maximal increases of mmhg and at micrograms kg n and micrograms kg n respectively both p with eds of and micrograms kg respectively by comparison u microg kg iv induced dosedependent increases in mpap and PCV mmhg and at the highest dose n both p with eds of and microg kg respectively daltroban dosedependently increased map with a maximum amplitude of mmhg at a dose of microg kg ed microg kg similar to that induced by u mmhg at a dose of microg kg ed microg kg sq microg kg iv n per group failed to modify significantly any of these parameters our results clearly demonstrate that daltroban in a similar manner to the txa analogue ubut unlike the txa receptor antagonist sq exhibits significant alpha in human platelets in vitro and in the rat vasculature in vivo possibly through txa receptor activation
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pepstatin is a low molecular weight potent inhibitor specific for acid PRs with a ki value of about m for pepsin the chemical structure of pepstatin is essentially a hexapeptide which contains two residues of an unusual amino acid aminohydroxymethylheptanoic acid statine the complete structure of pepstatin is isovaleryllvalyllvalylstatyllalanylstatine to study its mode of inhibition we prepared several derivatives and measured their kinetics of inhibition both nacetylstatine and nacetylalanylstatine are competitive inhibitors for pepsin with ki values of x m and x m respectively the ki value for nacetylvalylstatine is x m these statyl derivatives therefore are very strong inhibitors the ki value for nacetylstatine is fold smaller than that of its structural analog nacetylleucine the derivative which contains two statyl residues in a tetrapeptide exhibits GABA properties which approach those of pepstatin itself other acid proteases human pepsin human gastricsin renin cat d the acid protease from r chinensis and bovine chymosin also are inhibited by pepstatin and its derivatives we suggest that the statyl residue is responsible for the unusual inhibitory capability of pepstatin and that statine is an analog of the previously proposed transition state for catalysis by pepsin and other acid PRs
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effective albeit timelimited treatment is available for acute ischemic stroke but is underutilized in NC there is a mismatch between stroke resources and expertise and the services available at many hospitals where patients seek initial care video telecommunications can improve access to stroke expertise and to potentially lifesaving therapies
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patients with suspected creutzfeldtjakob disease cjd often have routine cerebrospinal fluid csf analysis performed to exclude treatable inflammatory conditions however little information is available about the range of results obtained for csf tests in patients with sCJD and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies tse data from patients with sCJD and patients with other tses were collected as part of an ecsupported multinational study raised white cell counts of cellsmicrol were found in three of patients with sporadic cjd with two cell counts of cellsmicrol and one of cellsmicrol total protein concentrations of gl were found in five of patients with sporadic cjd although none had a concentration of gl csf oligoclonal igg was detected in eight of sCJD patients of the patients with other tses six had elevated cell counts ranging from to cellsmicrol but none had total protein concentrations of gl and one patient had detectable oligoclonal igg none of the patients with sporadic cjd or other tses had CA in all three tests
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land application of animal manures such as poultry litter is a common practice especially in states with surplus manure past studies have shown that animal manure may contain Es which are classified as endocrinedisrupting chemicals and may pose a threat to aquatic and wildlife species we evaluated the concentrations of Es in surface runoff from exp plots x m each receiving raw and pelletized poultry litter we evaluated the free estrone e betaestradiol ebeta estriol e and conjugate forms glucuronides and sulfates of estrogens which differ in their toxicity sampling was performed for NK storm events over a mo period apriljuly estrogen concentrations were screened using ELISA CA elisa followed by quantification using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry lcmsms concentrations of estrogens from elisa were much higher than the lcmsms values indicating crossreactivity with organic compounds exports of Es were much lower from soils amended with pelletized PL than the raw form of the litter notillage management practice also resulted in a lower export of Es with surface runoff compared with reduced tillage the concentrations and exports of conjugate forms of Es were much higher than the free forms for some treatments indicating that the conjugate forms should be considered for a comprehensive assessment of the threat posed by estrogens
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knowledge on triptan safety during pregnancy remains limited to their class effect or studies on sumatriptan our aim was to evaluate the individual effect of four most frequently used triptans on several pregnancy outcomes we used the norwegian prescription database to access information on triptans redeemed by Pr women living in norway between and this DB was linked to the medical birth registry of norway covering every institutional delivery in norway and providing information on pregnancy delivery maternal and neonatal health estimates of associations with pregnancy outcomes were obtained by generalised estimation equations analysis of the women in our study redeemed triptans during pregnancy and redeemed triptans before pregnancy only disease comparison group the population comparison group comprised the remaining women using this group as reference we found no associations between triptan redemption during pregnancy and CM second trimester redemption was associated with postpartum haemorrhage adjusted or ci the disease comparison group had an increased risk of L1 congenital malformations adjusted or ci low birth weight adjusted or ci and PT birth adjusted or ci the association of triptans with PP hemorrhage could be attributable to decreased platelet agreeability occurring in severe migraine likewise the increased risk of major CM and other adverse pregnancy outcomes in the disease comparison group might be attributable to migraine severity
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repeatedepilation er mutation in the mouse is inherited as an autosomal and semidominant mutation L1 defects in heterozygous adults and homozygous fetuses were associated with skin and were caused by abnormal ectodermal differentiation heterozygous mice are characterized by repeated hair loss and regrowth and homozygous fetuses die at birth with severe abnormality in skin limb tail and face to identify the gene causing er mutation we have performed geneexpression profiles of skins and mouse embryonic fibroblasts from wt and mutant er mice by using affymetrix santa clara ca chip analysis by analyzing the candidate genes generated from geneexpression profiling we identified a sfn mutation in er mice a single nucleotide insertion in the sfn stratifin also called sigma coding region results in a truncated protein lacking CAA residues at the c terminus the mutation is linked with phenotypes of erheterozygous and homozygous mice ectopic overexpression of wt sigma in erer keratinocytes rescues defects in keratinocyte differentiation our study demonstrates that sigma is a crucial regulator for skin proliferation and differentiation
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lymphangiogenesis is thought to be essential for CA progression making it an important target in CA therapy lymphangiogenic factors vegfc and vegfd are upregulated in various tumorscancers and play an important role in lymphangiogenesis and CL node metastasis similarly semaphorin d semad is a potent inducer of angiogenesis and its overexpression is associated with RT progression and poor prognosis in a variety of HM however little is known regarding the PET relationship between semad and vegfcvegfd and in the mediation of lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis and clinical outcome the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of semad expression on outcome in patients with CC and to explore the molecular mechanism of semad in tumor progression we evaluated semad expression density of lymphatic vessels and invasion of lymphatic vessels with immunohistochemical methods in human cervical cancers with LT followup semad expression was correlated with pathoclinical parameters and patients outcome a cervical CA cell L1 was used to investigate the contribution of semad to tumor progression by studying the role of semad in vegfcd and cell migration using reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and western blotting we observed that semad expression was higher in M1 C2 CA than in nonmetastatic cervical cancer p cdpositive or dpositive LVD was significantly increased in cases with CL node metastasis compared with those without CL node metastasis the increased semad expression was associated with vegfcd the presence of lymphatic invasion the occurrence of lymph node metastasis and figo stage we also observed a novel association between semad upregulation and poor prognosis in CC in vitro the semad GABA antibody and semadshrna suppressed vegfc and vegfd in the human cervical carcinoma cell lines hela siha and caski cells invasiveness CA demonstrated that semad could augment the invasive potential of the tumor cells in the CC lines and induction of cellular invasiveness by semad stimulation could be inhibited by knockdown of plexinb by sirna further mechanistic investigations of tumor cell invasiveness showed that semad could induce activation of gtpase ras homolog gene family member a rhoa mapk and akt in addition plexinb knockdown by sirna could suppress the semad signal transmitted to mapk and akt taken together these results suggest that semad autocrine within tumor cells contributes to enhanced invasion and tumor progression through increased motility of CC and vegfcdmediated lymphangiogenesis semad might be useful as a molecular marker of poor prognosis in cervical cancer
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we characterized the influence of androstenedione alphadihydrotestosterone and betaestradiol on the chromatin organization and the cell kinetics CSD of the cells into the gg s and g m fractions of mxt mouse mammary PT grafted onto animals that were left IN or that were oophorectomized andor treated with AMG the cell kinetics and chromatin pattern were monitored by analyzing feulgenstained mxt imprint smears through a cell image processor the samba system we have also assayed the estrogen and progesterone receptors of these mxt tumors which appeared to possess both of these biological markers our results show that ovariectomy or AMG treatment slowed down the mxt RT growth without any additive effect between them androstenedione exerted a stimulating influence on the cell kinetics which were very similar to those observed after estradiol administration the treatment of castrated animals with aminoglutethimide CR abolished this androstenedioneinduced stimulating influence however this androgen lacked any apparent efficiency to transform cell nuclei from a state of castrationinduced chromatin condensation into a thinly textured and decondensed state as did estradiol dihydrotestosterone was able to activate the cell kinetics of mxt tumor grafted onto castrated animals as well as those of mxt neoplasms grafted on OVX mice treated with aminoglutethimide dihydrotestosterone also possesses the property to transform condensed chromatin into decondensed chromatin it thus appeared that androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone could activate mxt cell proliferation as did estradiol although it appeared that their mechanisms of action were quite distinct from each other
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six children with morphological hairshaft abnormalities and neurological disease are presented including two with pollitt syndrome one with biotin deficiency two with menkes diseases and one with argininosuccinic aciduria the child with biotin deficiency grew normal hair following oral biotin therapy although the hairshaft CA may be seen with LM lm they are best visualised with SEM sem pili torti may be mistaken for monilethrix by lm but sem shows the true defect a review of the literature shows that these hairshaft abnormalities trichorrhexis nodosa monilethrix and pili torti are not TPS or pathognomonic but do indicate a group of neurological disorders including potentially treatable inborn errors of metabolism the term neurotrichosis is suggested to classify this group of disorders
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in this study we focus on the TPS contribution of β integrinlike protein to adhesionmediated events in molluscan larval cells in SC that could not have been investigated within the whole animal an analysis of disturbances to cellsubstratum adhesion caused by the integrin receptor inhibiting argglyaspser rgdspeptide the camgchelators and the AS influence of freezingthawing reveals that all these AF resulted in the partial destruction of the integrinextracellular matrix ecm interaction in SC and in particular changes in the CSD and relative abundance of β integrinidence and outcome of ABD operations in patients with celiac disease records of adult patients with celiac disease evaluated over a year period were reviewed operations were classified as related or unrelated to celiac disease one hundred eightyeight of patients underwent ABD operations one hundred twentyseven of the patients had unrelated procedures sixtyone had operations considered related to celiac disease twentysix of with related procedures were diagnosed preoperatively procedures were performed for pain one motility disorders and malignancy six patients had recurrent one seven patients underwent liver transplantation thirtyfive related procedures led to the diagnosis of celiac disease including unmasking n and diagnostic findings n onethird of patients with celiac disease undergo ABD operations of which onethird are related to celiac disease operations are related to complications of celiac disease and often lead to the initial diagnosis
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new classes of acidic or basic ionic liquids ils are gaining special attention since the efficiency of many processes can be enhanced by the judicious manipulation of these properties the absorption of sour gases can be enhanced by the basic character of the il the fluorination of the cation or the anion can also contribute to enhance the gas solubility in this work these two characteristics are evaluated through the T0 of the gasliquid equilibrium of two ionic liquids based on similar anions butylmethylimidazolium acetate cmimac and butylmethylimidazolium trifluoroacetate cmimtfa with carbon dioxide co at temperatures up to k and pressures up to mpa the data reported are shown to be thermodynamically consistent henrys constants estimated from the exp data show the solubility of co on the cmimac to be spontaneous unlike in cmimtfa due to the differences in solvation enthalpies in these systems ab initio calculations were performed on simple intermolecular complexes of co with acetate and trifluoroacetate using mpgd and the g and gmp theoretical procedures to understand the interactions between co and the anions the theoretical T0 indicates that although both anions exhibit a simultaneous interaction of the two oxygen of the carboxylate group with the co the acetate acts as a stronger Le base than the trifluoroacetate c highresolution and MQMAS hrmas nmr spectra provide further evidence for the acidbase solvation mechanism and the stability of the acetate ion on these systems further similarities and differences observed between the two anions in what concerns the solvation of co are discussed
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sixtythree male weekold syrian hamsters received the carcinogen nnitrosobisoxopropylamine bop sc in weekly injections the first mgkg body and the remaining mgkg each the hamsters that received bop were given i.g. administration of ml of medium chain triglyceride mct with or without μg of αhydroxyvitamin d αohd through a feeding tube for weeks thus CG were assignedgroup bop CT nï¼ group bopï¼mct nï¼ and group bopï¼Î±ohd nï¼ the mean body weight of group was lower than those of CG and at the end of the experiment pï¼tukeykramer hsd test at the end of week all surviving hamsters were put to sleep the incidences of CL tumors were and in CG and respectively the incidence of PT in group was significantly lower than in group and group pï¼ Ïtest all PT were cholangiocarcinoma these results indicated that bopinduced cholangiocarcinogenesis was suppressed by the supplemental administration of αohd
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the physician quality reporting system pqrs created by the centers for medicare and medicaid services financially penalizes providers who fail to meet expected SQ of care measures the purpose of this T0 is to evaluate the factors that predict failure to meet pqrs measures for carotid endarterectomy cea
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the relationship of critical thinking ability to professional nursing competence was investigated professional nursing competence defined by benner as stages of skill acquisition novice T3 beginner competent proficient and expert provided the conceptual FR a randomly selected crosssectional sample of nursing graduates n was utilized two cohorts n of the sample group were measured longitudinally for CT ability relationships were investigated between measures of CT and professional competencies of leadership critical care teachingcollaboration planningevaluation interpersonal communication and professional development CT was measured over time from beginning nursing student to practicing nurse critical thinking ability did not NC significantly during the educational experience sophomore to senior however a significant increase was found in scores as practicing nurses no relationship was demonstrated between critical thinking ability and professional competence the experiential component of practice emerged as the key influencing factor on the development of competence and critical thinking
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PE is the most common sexual disorder in young men consequently there is an intense search for efficient and safe pharmacological treatments insofar almost no ERP treatment with acute effects is available in this study we evaluated the effects of the NE α IL-1ra dexmedetomidine on sexual incentive motivation and copulatory behavior in male rats sexual incentive motivation was tested in a large rectangular arena connected to two small incentive stimulus cages containing either a male or sexually receptive female rat there was no sexual interaction possible between the exp subjects and the incentives during this test RPA to the incentives constituted the measure of sexual incentive motivation after the sexual incentive motivation test the subjects were tested for copulatory behavior in a regular copulation test for min doses of and μgkg of dexmedetomidine ip had no effect on any of the indices of locomotor activity or on parameters of sexual incentive motivation with regard to copulatory SMB it was found that the dose of μgkg prolonged the RL to the first ejaculation while the RL to second ejaculation showed a tendency to increase the absence of an effect on indices of sexual incentive motivation or GA activity showed that the actions of dexmedetomidine in this study were limited to ejaculatory mechanisms insofar as the ejaculation latency in the male rat is predictive of prolonged EL in men it can be proposed that dexmedetomidine is of potential utility for the treatment of PE
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the novel protein kinase pk was characterized by its ability to phosphorylate KSP sites in neurofilament and tau proteins pk is now recognized to be a member of the family of externalstimulus regulated kinases erks by its reactivity with erkspecific antibodies and will therefore be called pkerk bovine tau or recombinant human tau proteins can be hyperphosphorylated by pkerk to produce the electrophoretic mobility shifts and certain immunochemical properties characteristic of phftau isolated from alzheimers disease brain tissue pkerk may play a crucial role in the etiology of this disease
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intraperitoneal immunoinflammatory changes may be associated with the pathogenesis of endometriosis we evaluated the effects of peritoneal fluid obtained from patients with endometriosis epf on the PR of interferongammainduced protein ipcxcl and interleukin ilcxcl by neutrophils cd t cells and monocytes
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the influence of the three pafantagonists web l and sri on the chemotactic response of neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes to paf was investigated when the pafantagonists were added to the cell suspension that was exposed to a gradient of paf web and sri at the concentration of mollitre inhibited p less than the neutrophil and eosinophil chemotactic response to and mol paf per litre at the concentration of x mollitre web and sri also inhibited p less than the response to mol paf per litre under the same conditions l at the concentration of x mollitre inhibited p less than the eosinophil chemotactic response to and mol paf per litre the inhibition of the chemotactic response to paf by the three pafantagonists was TPS since the chemotactic response to cf fmlp and ltb was not affected by web l or sri neither was the chemokinetic migration induced by albumin
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pretreatment of male cbljhan mice with mgkg cobaltous chloride for two days or three days pretreatment with mgkg phenobarbitone led to an increase of biphenylhydroxylation of similar magnitude hydroxylation remains unaffected in both cases the time course shows an equivalent decrease in and hydroxylation for h when microsomal co concn reaches its maximum thereafter hydroxylation increases to reach the enhanced values kinetic analysis of BP and hydroxylation reveals distinct differences the apparent km for hydroxylation decreases in copretreated mice but remains constant in phenobarbitonepretreated animals also the ratio of to hydroxylation in microsomes from phenobarbitonetreated animals remains unchanged for ATP concn of to x m but for copretreatment this ratio increases markedly from to with increasing ATP concn increasing concn of the competitive inhibitor metyrapone reveal a greater susceptibility of microsomal cytochrome p from cotreated mice than normal or phenobarbitoneinduced animals in contrast ED of reducing equivalents in vitro in the presence of MET shows similarities between microsomes from cobalt and phenobarbitonepretreated mice
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the synthesis of a BCA bca based on the diaminedithiol dadt ligand system is described the sixstep synthetic sequence has been accomplished in overall yield affording which contains a thiolactone as a reactive moiety which permits direct coupling to nucleophiles without the formation of byproducts the reactivity of toward benzylamine and subsequent labeling of the ligand with technetiumm has been evaluated as a MM for preparation of various bioconjugates both coupling and exchange labeling occur in high yield under mild conditions and competition reactions with DTPA dtpa indicate the superior stability of the technetiummdadt complex preparation of bca thus provides a new avenue into technetiumlabeled radiopharmaceuticals
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the antiresorptive potency varies between different bisphosphonates we investigated the effect of stopping oral bisphosphonate treatment for PMO ibandronate alendronate risedronate on btms and bmd T3 stopping treatment all three groups showed an increase in btms and a decrease in hip bmd however none returned to pretreatment baseline values
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there have been few changes over the last years in the treatment of SLE erythematosus sle using nonspecific antiinflammatory agents such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs along with the immune cell modulating agent hydroxychloroquine for mild disease and broad spectrum immunosuppressants plus antiinflammatories such as CSs azathioprine cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate during flares or severe disease with organ involvement in some patients the response is inadequate and SE appear from mild unpleasant up to severe toxicity drug metabolism and clearance may be severely compromised therefore it is a priority to develop better treatments with fewer AEs that can be used at different stages of SLEDAI in recent years a member of the TN factor tnf family soluble human b lymphocyte stimulator protein blys also referred to as bcell activating factor baff and tnfsfb has been studied extensively this protein is synthesized by myeloid cell lines specifically interacts with b lymphocytes and increases their lifespan blys plays a key role in the selection maturation and survival of b cells and it has a significant role in the pathogenesis of sle in this review we analyzed the role of blys as a diagnosticprognostic marker andor therapeutic target for lupus patients and the different clinical studies published using belimumab
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in order to investigate whether the endometrium of women with unexplained infertility differs immunologically from the endometrium of normal fertile women a panel of six monoclonal antibodies was used to characterize the presence of the CD18 or verylateactivation antigens vla in the different endometrial compartments precisely timed endometrial biopsies at and days following the luteinizing hormone surge were obtained from normal fertile women group i and women suffering from unexplained infertility group ii frozen sections were labelled using an avidinbiotin peroxidase technique vla vla and vla were present in glandular epithelium stromal cells and vessels of both groups vla was detected in group i but was absent from glandular and surface epithelium of group ii vla was not present in any of the specimens vla was identified primarily in the basement membrane of vessels glandular and surface epithelium in both patient groups this study indicates that most beta integrins are present in endometrium throughout the LP of the menstrual cycle the differences observed between the two groups may contribute to unexplained infertility
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optimization of our previously described peptidomimetic furin inhibitors was performed and yielded several analogs with a significantly improved activity the most potent EDC containing an nterminal or guanidinomethylphenylacetyl residue inhibit furin with ki values of and pm respectively these analogs inhibit other PCs such as pc pc pace and pc with similar potency whereas pc pc and trypsinlike serine PRs are poorly affected incubation of selected EDC with madindarby canine kidney cells over a period of h revealed that they exhibit great stability making them suitable candidates for further studies in cell culture two of the most potent derivatives were used to inhibit the hemagglutinin cleavage and viral propagation of a HP avian hn influenza virus strain the treatment with inhibitor guanidinomethylphenylacetylargvalargamidinobenzylamide resulted in significantly delayed virus propagation compared with an inhibitorfree control the same analog was also effective in inhibiting shiga toxin activation in hep cells this antiviral effect as well as the protective effect against a bacterial toxin suggests that inhibitors of furin or furinlike proprotein convertases could represent promising lead structures for future drug OD in particular for the treatment of infectious diseases
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betaphenylethylamine pea is an amphetaminelike compound that is postulated to be a possible endogenous psychotogen we studied locomotor response to pea in two inbred progenitor strains of mice cbl by and balbc by their reciprocal f hybrids bcf and cbf and seven recombinant inbred strains cxbd cxbe cxbg cxbh cxbi cxgj and cxbk univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were done heritability of the response to pea was the strain distribution pattern was suggestive of the inheritance of the trait through a single major gene locus
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the ultrastructural changes in the vessels of the fingertips of patients with raynauds phenomenon or disease with or without scleroderma are described for the first time fingertip specimens were taken by punch biopsy the LM changes including segmental vasculitis fibrinoid degeneration of capillaries and involuntary regression of glomus HB explain the reduced digital blood flow associated with raynauds disease and phenomenon the momenttomoment digital blood flow recorded rheoplethysmographically was low when the patient was in a comfortable environment and was increased in a hot environment this result substantiates the therapeutic importance of reflex vasodilatation these findings correlate well with the ultrastructural changes in capillaries including multiple cytoplasmic folds in EC cells abundant intracytoplasmic filaments and unusual incorporation of collagen fibrils in the basement membrane these changes must influence nutritional and thermoregulatory CF of the digital blood vessels
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as early as august OF resuscitation ward for critically ill patients with cardiac respiratory or renal failure had appeared as independent medical units in china in s the discipline of critical care medicine had experienced a rapid OD shown its superiority in both daily health care and public health emergency also its status in the academy of medicine on september th the world federation of societies of intensive and CCM wfsiccm accepted the chinese association of integrative medicine society of CCM tcmwmcsccm as an official member in november the former state scientific and technological commission approved the establishment of critical care medicine in tianjin the first journal in the very field in china indicating that chinese CCM has been officially accepted by the international academia and its academic status has been determined in september the chinese association of pathophysiology organized the chinese SCCM in march the chinese medical association organized the chinese society of critical care medicine had found in july chinese association of critical care physicians had found under the chinese medical doctor association in CCM had been defined as AA clinical discipline subject code by standardization administration of the peoples republic of china in it was listed in the first clinical discipline code in chinese SCCM under the chinese association of pathophysiology had officially joined the wfsiccm and the asia pacific association of critical care medicine apaccm and became a member in both councils between and chinese society of CCM under the chinese association of pathophysiology had become the presidency and member in apaccm wfsiccm and global sepsis alliance gsa respectively so far there are a number of critical care physicians from china serve as a member in international academic organizations in esicm lives held in lisbon portugal the chinese SCCM under the chinese association of pathophysiology was invited on behalf of china and gave lectures showing the elegant demeanor of chinese scholars since the annual congress of chinese society of CCM has set up the chinausa joint forum and chinaeurope forum in the chinese SCCM started a series of belt and road academic MICs signed the cooperation agreement with academic community of critical care medicine from respective countries or districts along the belt and road and established a LT relation of communication and cooperation indicating that chinese CCM has intensively participated in international communication and integration year is the th year of chinese construction and OD in critical care medicine today chinese critical care medicine is taking off it has developed rapidly on a brandnew level advanced on the highway of professional and standardized development achieved a series of OD and won the praise of peers around the world since the establishment of chinese society of CCM in march the scale of annual congresses has expanded year by year participants increased from mere to more than contributions increased from hundreds to thousands exhibiting the prosperity of chinese CCM meanwhile the society has published guideline series technical specifications and academic yearbooks implemented chinese critical care certified course c training carried out the continue education program and grassroot education MICs set up the lifetime achievement award etc to promote continuous progress and OD in chinese CCM the chinese association of critical care physicians has greatly contributed to the promotion in critical care specialist training also push forward the progress in august department of critical care medicine was selected in the second batch of standardized training bases for specialists and began recruitment in both medical and surgical CCM in march the future of chinese critical care medicine requires us to make clear the developmental blueprint of the discipline to persevere with integration and innovation and to meet the needs of society efficient and normative systems are also required in the discipline construction talent cultivation diagnosis and treatment system academic construction and intelligent application of network data particularly we should vigorously carry out and promote the homogenization of critical care specialist training for talent resources reservation we should actively promote the establishment of clinical research platforms for CCM encourage and support multicenter clinical researches we should promote multichannel communication in the field at home and abroad expand the international influence of chinese CCM step by step to promote the sustainable OD of chinese CCM to explore further forefront of modern medicine to promote greater contribution to human health
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the aim of this research is to synthesize polycaprolactonebased PUs pclbased pus that can be further used for the fabrication of guided bone regeneration gbr CM with higher tensile strength and elongation at break than collagen and ptfe membranes the pclbased pus were prepared by the polymerization of polycaprolactone pcl diol with hexamethylene diisocyanate hdi at different ratios using either PE glycol peg or ethylenediamine eda as chain extenders the chemical mechanical and thermal properties of the synthesized polymers were determined using nmr ftir gpc dsc and tensile tester the pcl and polyurethanes were fabricated as nanofiber CM by electrospinning and their mechanical properties and sem morphology were also investigated
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friend virus fv is a L1210 virus that infects progenitor red blood cells and causes an erythroleukemia in susceptible mouse strains resulting in splenomegaly several genetic loci of the host have been identified that affect EL OD differentiation status of target cells and virus replication since age may change expression of these loci age may affect fv disease to explore this possibility fv expression in four genetically diverse strains of mice of different ages was examined extent of viral replication and of disease were evaluated by measuring SP focus forming units sffu SP weight and reverse transcriptase rt activity in target organs young dba and cbl x dbaf mice exhibited a greater level of virus expression than their aged counterparts in all parameters investigated young cbaca mice had slightly higher spleen weights and sffu values than aged cbaca mice but a definitive agerelated change was not observed in the rt activity of the target organs cbl mice which are genetically resistant to the development of fvinduced EL exhibited a limited degree of virus replication that was not effected by the age of the animal our results indicate that the age of the mouse as well as the genetic background can contribute to the level of susceptibility to fv
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intracranial arterial dissections of the VB system are recognized as a cause of stroke although the pathogenic mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unknown in some cases the stroke originates from subarachnoid hemorrhage while in others ischemia is the cause in cases where hemorrhage occurs occlusion of the lesion is effective in reducing the risk of rebleeding however deciding on treatment is difficult in uncommon cases in which occlusion occurs immediately T3 hemorrhage intracranial arterial dissections of the vertebrobasilar system often present as subarachnoid hemorrhage and the most appropriate surgical treatment remains controversial in this report we describe a rare case of VAD in which occlusion occurred immediately after subarachnoid hemorrhage serial angiography revealed spontaneous recanalization of the right VAD as well as enlargement the progressive angiographic changes of the ruptured vertebral artery dissection and the endovascular treatment of such arterial dissections are discussed
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the evidence for rat germ cell mutagenicity induced by anticancer drugs is summarized primary attention is paid to the three L1 mouse germ cell mutagenicity tests the dominant lethal heritable translocation and morphological specific locus tests from which most germ cell mutagenicity data historically have been obtained of the anticancer drugs reviewed have been tested in one or more of these three tests with all tested in the most common germ cell test the male DL test and of the also tested in the female DL test the patterns of germ cell stage specificity for most of the anticancer drugs are similar and generally resemble the patterns seen with other types of chemicals however some of the patterns are unique for example of the chemicals shown to induce DLM in female oocytes do not induce DL mutations in male germ cells adriamycin and platinol ten of the chemicals tested in the dominant lethal test were positive in postmeiotic stages spermatids through mature sperm and seven also induced reciprocal translocations andor specific locus mutations in postmeiotic stages this propensity to induce mutations in postmeiotic stages has been observed with most mutagens however of the anticancer drugs also induced DL mutations in SPC meiotic prophase cells and one of them mercaptopurine uniquely induced DLM exclusively in preleptotene SPC finally three of the anticancer drugs MEL MMC c procarbazine are members of a very select group of chemicals shown to induce TPS locus mutations in spermatogonial stem cells of mice the implications for human risk are discussed
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in exp a name and a face each male or female were simultaneously flashed to either the same or opposite VFs left or RA for matching congruent same sex or incongruent opposite sex to test the predictions of various models of hemispheric specialization while overall best performance occurred with a face in the left visual field lvf and a name in the RA visual field rvf and worst with the opposite configuration the GA pattern of results was incompatible with either a direct access MM or an activationalattentional account the results were however most compatible with the predictions of a semispecialized hemispheres account whereby CBF asymmetries are seen as relative rather than absolute either hemisphere being capable of processing either kind of material verbal or visuospatial but to different levels of efficiency however despite the fact that the stimulus materials had previously been shown to produce SD and consistent lateral asymmetries in the predicted directions when presented in isolation in the composite integrative matching task the position of the name seemed to be the L1 determinant of the resultant asymmetries it would seem therefore that when such stimuli are to be cross matched either left hemisphere language processes somehow dominate RA hemisphere visuospatial processing though not in the way that would be predicted by a simple activationalattentional account or the left hemispheres greater capacity predominates
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the primary structure of galectin a approximately kda galactosidebinding protein aka cbp ml hl l mac and epsilon bp reveals two structural domains an aminoterminal domain consists of a proglyrich motif and a globular carboxylterminal domain containing a carbohydratebinding site in this T0 we report that the aminoterminal domain of galectin contains a cleavage site for two members of the matrix metalloproteinase family of enzymes the kda gelatinase a mmp and the kda gelatinase b mmp proteinases the L1 cleavage site for the gelatinases in galectin is at the alatyr bond and its hydrolysis by these enzymes was inhibited by timp cellsurface expression of galectin was reduced following treatment of viable td human breast carcinoma cells with gelatinase a these results suggest that galectin may be a ATP for gelatinases and that its Kd may play a role in modulating the biological activities of galectin
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we present a rare autopsy case of von recklinghausens disease with moyamoya vessels and arteriovenous malformation a yearold female patient suffered from dysarthria and dysphagia on examination parkinsons signs pseudobulbar palsy and muscular weakness of the left extremity and PT signs were observed an enhanced brain computed tomography revealed abnormal highdensity network vessels at the thalamus and midbrain by cerebral angiography the following changes were observed occlusion of the RA internal i.c. at the bifurcation and abrupt narrowing and occlusion of the left internal carotid i.a. at the bifurcation and siphon a lateral vertebral arteriography revealed telangiectasia at the basilar tip the patient died of pulmonary thromboembolism at age the vessels of the circle of willis were hypoplastic the optic SN infundibulum and mammillary body were covered with a large number of ectastic vessels arteriovenous malformations were observed in the bilateral occipital lobes histopathologically the elastic lamina of moyamoya vessel was conspicuously wavy and often duplicated or triplicated and discontinued occasionally discontinuity of the elastic lamina of the perforating arteries and circumferential arteries supplied by the middle cerebral artery mca anterior ca aca and posterior ca pca was also occasionally observed it is likely that the moyamoya vessels in this patient were compensatorily formed by congenital hypoplasia of the internal artery mca aca and pca
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the PM hypoestrogen status induces various lower urinary tract dysfunctions ovariectomized ovx rats exhibit voiding CA including increased postvoiding residual urine pvr decreased voiding efficiency ve and altered coordination between the detrusor and external urethral sphincter eus estradiol replacement partially normalizes voiding function in ovx rats we determined if selective agonists for estrogen receptor erα andor erβ can reverse lower urinary tract dysfunction in ovx rats cystometry and eus electromyograms emgs were recorded wk after bilateral ovx in urethaneanesthetized female spraguedawley rats animals received daily subcutaneous injections of selective erα propylpyrazole triol ppt or erβ diarylpropionitrile dpn agonists or vehicle for wk starting on the fifth week after ovx ppt mg·kg·day decreased pvr improved ve and shortened the eus emg active period ap during voiding dpn or mg·kg·day did not alter cystometric parameters or eus emg activity combined ppt dpn treatment elicited changes in pvr ve and ap similar to those induced by ppt CT but also increased the eus emg silent period and volume threshold for triggering micturition ppt increased uterine weight fourfold and decreased body weight by dpn increased uterine weight but decreased body weight by reduced voiding efficiency in ovx rats can be reversed by wk drug treatment that selectively targets erα and reduces ap during eus bursting combined pharmacological activation of erα and erβ further enhanced eus bursting by increasing the eus emg silent period and also facilitated bladder storage mechanisms by increasing the volume threshold
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mannans are hemicellulosic PSs commonly found in the primary and AA PCW of land plants and their mannosyl residues are often acetylated at o and o currently little is known about the genes responsible for the acetylation of mannans in this report we investigated the roles of a subgroup of duf proteins including from arabidopsis thaliana and one from amorphophallus konjac in mannan acetylation acetyltransferase activity assays of their recombinant proteins revealed that four arabidopsis duf proteins possessed an enzymatic activity capable of transferring acetyl groups from acetylcoa onto the mannohexaose acceptor and thus were named mannan oacetyltransferases moat moat moat and moat their close homolog from a konjac named akmoat also exhibited mannan oacetyltransferase activity structural analysis of the moatcatalyzed reaction products demonstrated that these moats catalyzed o and omonoacetylation of mannosyl residues an acetyl substitution DP similar to that of arabidopsis glucomannan sitedirected mutagenesis showed that mutations of the conserved residues in the gds and dxxh motifs of moat abolished its AT activity indicating the essential roles of these motifs in its activity in addition simultaneous rna interference rnai inhibition of the expression of the four arabidopsis moat genes led to a drastic reduction in the degree of acetyl substitutions in glucomannan further corroborating their role in glucomannan acetylation together these results present the first lines of PSA and genetic evidence demonstrating that these four arabidopsis duf members and their close a konjac homolog are mannan oacetyltransferases
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this T0 investigated associations of degree of spread at diagnosis of breast CA and sociodemographic AF with the risk of death among nsw females diagnosry fitness relates to early subclinical atherosclerotic V1 disease remains unknown we investigated the relation of CRF to CAC cac in africanamerican and WG young adults from the coronary artery risk OD in young adults cardia T0 we measured cardiorespiratory fitness in baseline using a symptomlimited exercise test on a treadmill CC scores were measured in year using electronbeam or multidetector computed tomography cac was classified as present or absent while CRF was classified as sexspecific low moderate and high fitness categories T3 adjustment for age sex race clinical center education CS waist girth alcohol NI physical activity systolic blood pressure antihypertensive medication use diabetes mellitus and fasting insulin baseline CRF was inversely associated with prevalence of cac in young adults p for trend the odds ratios of having cac for persons in the moderately and highly fit individuals were confidence interval ci and ci respectively as compared with the lowfit individuals high levels of CRF were associated with a lower risk of having coronary calcification T2 in africanamerican and WG young adults
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AA acid aa and prostaglandin pg e stimulate carbon monoxide co production and aa metabolism is known to be associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species ros this study was conducted to address the hypothesis that co andor ros mediate cerebrovascular dilation in newborn pigs experiments were performed on anesthetized P0 pigs with closed cranial windows different concentrations of aa m pge m ILO m and their vehicle artificial cerebrospinal fluid were given piglets with pge and iloprost received indomethacin mgkg iv to inhibit cyclooxygenase aa pge and iloprost caused concentrationdependent increases in pial arteriolar diameter the effects of both aa and pge in producing cerebral vascular dilation and associated co production were blocked by the heme oxygenase inhibitor chromium mesoporphyrin à m but not by the prostacyclin analog iloprost ros inhibitor tempol sod mimetic à m and the ho scavenger catalase uml also do not block these vasodilator effects of aa and pge hemellysinateinduced cerebrovascular dilation and co production was blocked by chromium mesoporphyrin hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase a combination that is known to generate ros caused pial arteriolar dilation and co production that was inhibited by tempol and catalase these data suggest that aa and pgeinduced cerebral V1 dilation is mediated by co independent of ros
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bacteria respond to hypoosmotic AS by releasing lowmolecularmass solutes in order to maintain constant turgor pressure we have studied the CF of osmoregulated channels in corynebacterium glutamicum which are responsible for efflux of various solutes upon sudden decrease in OP the channels preferentially mediated efflux of compatible solutes such as GB and proline the PR of molecules of similar size eg glu or lysine was restricted atp was completely retained even T3 severe osmotic shock the cells maintained high cytoplasmic k and na concentrations under hypoosmotic shock several results suggest that the solute efflux is mediated by a channel and not by a carrier eg by reversal of the GB uptake systems of c glutamicum the PR of glycine betaine and proline was extremely fast reaching an efflux rate of micromol x min x g dm or higher the efflux was not significantly influenced by addition of external transport ATP eg GB in spite of an extremely high chemical gradient no significant efflux under isoosmolar conditions was observed efflux of solutes was unchanged after full uncoupling of membrane energetics by carbonylcyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone cccp these results indicate the presence of an osmoregulated channel in c glutamicum similar to the mechanosensitive channels of escherichia coli the activity of the channel did not depend on the growth conditions but we observed a tight regulation on the level of activity ie the mechanosensitive channel behaved as a perfect osmometer by monitoring release of GB under slow and continuous decrease of the external osmolality we observed continous efflux whithout a stepwise PR of solutes this resulted in a significant steadystate decrease of the membrane potential
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a new technique for mechanical endtoside anastomoses using the unilink anastomotic system is presented the technique based on the concept of vessel wall eversion over paired ring pins is described as is a new device for vessel expansion to evaluate the technique of endtoside anastomosis we detached the left renal i.a. in rabbits and then reanastomosed them endtoside to the aorta using the unilink anastomotic system renal blood flow was evaluated before and T3 anastomoses with a laser doppler flowmeter animals were separated into three CG of and were killed at hours weeks and weeks respectively to evaluate the acute effects of vessel expansion additional rabbits underwent expansion of the aorta without subsequent anastomosis all vessels were evaluated with light and scanning electron microscopy a patency rate of was achieved in the animals histological changes at the anastomotic site were comparable to those described previously for this mechanical anastomotic system the animal model demonstrates that it is both technically possible and efficacious to perform endtoside anastomoses of arteries with the unilink anastomotic system
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to evaluate the chest radiographic filling pattern associated with partial liquid ventilation plv with the perfluorochemical PFB liquivent alliance pharmaceutical corp san diego ca as a CF of dose and timing
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rifaximin has clinical benefits in minimal hepatic encephalopathy mhe but the mechanism of action is unclear the antibioticdependent and independent effects of rifaximin need to be elucidated in the setting of mheassociated microbiota to assess the action of rifaximin on intestinal barrier inflammatory milieu and ammonia generation independent of microbiota using rifaximin
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except for those reported by the designers there are no published midterm results of the use of the cementless spotorno cls total hip arthroplasty system we present the results of a ten to seventeenyear followsiveness scores compared with controls however it is unclear if dd rate covaries with severity of the addiction or if an individuals discounting rate can be changed by ERP substance abuse treatment this T0 compared methadone maintenance treatment mmt patients n who had not used illegal drugs for years with drugusing mmt patients n and controls n in terms of addiction severity dd rate and impulsiveness MTD patients abstinent from illegal drugs scored significantly lower on a number of addiction severity measures than the drugusing methadone patients in addition both groups of mmt patients showed significantly higher rates of dd and impulsiveness than the control group however no differences in dd rate or impulsiveness were found between the groups of patients results suggest that dd rate and impulsiveness may not covary with indicators of addiction severity in mmt patients
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while it is known that T3 age alters the recruitment of neutrophils during wound healing thereby delaying the wound healing process little is known about prolonged wound healing in T3 ages thus we investigated the correlation of PMNL recruitment with healing events and the impact of whey protein wp on neutrophil activation
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we have previously reported that Al gene transcription is reduced in diabetes mellitus dm the present study explored the mechanism by which albumin gene transcription is downregulated in dm deletional studies and displacement of factors IB to site b of the albumin promoter indicated that the repressive effects of dm are mediated by nuclear factors IB to this site since hepatocyte nuclear factor hnf activates albumin promoter activity and is the predominant factor IB to site b we examined hnf the abundance and binding activity of hnf were reduced in hepatonuclear extracts from diabetic compared to control rats however hnf mrna levels were unchanged suggesting that the effect of dm on hnf is at the posttranscriptional level extracts from diabetic animals also contained another protein distinct from hnf and vhnf which bound to site b in gel retardation studies in summary our studies demonstrate that the reduced abundance and CBA of hnf correlates with decreased albumin gene transcription in dm
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to T0 the delay weeks between initial administration of norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and ON of clinical antidepressant action we examined the effects of desipramine treatment on urinary and plasma CAs and their metabolites during the initial weeks of treatment in depressed patients CAs and metabolites in h urine collections and am plasma samples were measured at baseline and after and weeks of desipramine treatment desipramine treatment produced significant increases in urinary norepinephrine ne and normetanephrine nmn and plasma ne at weeks and but not at week the ratio of urinary nenmn was increased at weeks and suggesting a reduction in the metabolism of ne to nmn at extraneuronal CS by weeks and the increases in urinary ne and nmn and plasma ne at weeks and of desipramine treatment were associated with a reduction in the conversion of ne to nmn this would be compatible with a blockade of the EMT OCT slca by nmn inhibition of the extraneuronal monoamine transporter may be an important component in the clinical pharmacology of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor ADs such as desipramine
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macrophage hybridoma clones prepared by F0 of splenic adherent cells with pd RT cells have previously been shown to be heterogeneous with respect to function at the clonal level in this study the macrophage clones were phenotypically characterized by indirect ria using a battery of rat mabs to murine myeloid and lymphoid cell surface markers all macrophage clones expressed the CLA t and the mac alpha and beta chains markers which were differentially expressed among the clones included class ii antigens and the antigens detected by mabs miv miv and g the antigens detected by the latter three mabs were referred to as mbr and respectively functional heterogeneity did not correlate with phenotypic heterogeneity among the macrophage clones treatment of macrophage clones with Th1 resulted in a significant increase in the expression of class ii antigens and induced the expression of mbr antigens on some clones which were constitutively negative for these markers the clonal CSD and induction patterns of class ii antigen as compared to mbr antigen indicated that regulation of expression of these markers was independent in addition the clonal CSD and induction pattern of mbr antigens along with competitive IB studies using radiolabeled miv and g mabs suggested that the three mbr antigens were similar or closely associated molecules
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rapid prenatal diagnosis of common chromosome aneuploidies have been successful through quantitative fluorescent pcr qfpcr assays and small tandem repeat str markers the purpose of our T0 was to investigate the clinical feasibility for rapid prenatal detection of down syndrome using the quantitative FL pcr in uncultured amniocytes dna was extracted from uncultured amniotic fluid of normal karyotype n and of down syndrome n it was amplified using qfpcr with four str markers located on chromosome among normal samples the ranges of diallelic peaks for at least one str marker were for ds for ds and for ds down syndrome samples showed trisomic triallelic patterns or trisomic diallelic patterns the sensitivity specificity and efficiency of the CA for detecting down syndrome were and respectively rapid prenatal diagnosis of down syndrome using qfpcr is a reliable technique that aids clinical management of pregnancy
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experiment of the present study investigated the ability of a standardized extract of salvia miltiorrhiza in reducing voluntary ethanol intake in ethanolpreferring rats of the sp line ethanol intake occurred under the twobottle freechoice regimen between vv ethanol and water in daily h scheduled access periods water was present hday intragastric administration of mgkg SM extract resulted in approximately reduction in ethanol NI and preference throughout the day treatment this effect of SM extract was likely due to its ability of altering ethanol absorption from the gastrointestinal tract indeed experiments and of this T0 demonstrated that mgkg SM extract reduced blood ethanol C2 bels up to in comparison to control rats when ethanol was given ig whereas it failed to modify bels when ethanol was injected ip the reducing effect of SM extract on ethanol absorption may have therefore resulted in an attenuated perception of the psychoactive effects of ethanol sought by ethanoldrinking rats consistently the results of experiment of the present T0 demonstrated that a combination of mgkg salvia miltiorrhiza extract ig and or gkg ethanol ig resulted in a partial blockade of the discriminative CS- effects of ethanol in sp rats trained to discriminate these doses of ethanol from water in a drug discrimination procedure collectively the results are discussed as being suggestive that drugs curbing ethanol absorption from the gastrointestinal tract may constitute a novel strategy for controlling excessive alcohol consumption in human alcoholics
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the monoterpene dlimonene inhibit the plasmamembrane associated pras expression and the posttranslational isoprenylation of pras a mechanism that may contribute to its tau in the chemoprevention and therapy of chemically induced rodent cancers and some human solid tumor cells in the present study the relative abilities of dlimonene to inhibit membrane associated pras expression in pancreas RT cell paca was carried out with WB and the inhibition of farnesyl protein transferase ftpase activity during the ras protein isoprenylation and cell proliferation were determined concomitantly the effects of dlimonene on pras localization by immunohistochemistry and hras oncogene expression in paca tumor cell L1 by RNA blotting were observed the results showed that dlimonene inhibited fptase activity thus to reduce phras isoprenylation dlimonene could decrease pras membrane association and increase cytosolic accumulation of pras this phenomenon was also noted when dlimonenetreated paca cells were stained IHC with antipras antibody it is suggested that the inhibition of fptase activity was closely related with the inhibiton of pras membrane association and the alteration of pras localization inhibition of farnesylation of pras altered their intracellular localization and hence disrupted their biological activity but no relationship with hras oncogene expression was found
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in the present study the efficacy of GTC gtc from the plant camellia sinensis with epigallocatechin gallate egcg as the L1 component was studied in relation to hepatic oxidative CA in atherosclerotic rats when male albino WR were fed an atherogenic diet for days and then treated with saline for or days there was a significant decline in hepatic mean activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase and glutathionestransferase and nonenzymatic antioxidants reduced glutathione vitamins c and e while there was a significant elevation in the mean level of hepatic malondialdehyde mda in comparison to the values noted in control rats fed a ND in addition a concomitant increase in the activities of SS AST aminotransferase ast alanine aminotransferase alt ALP phosphatase alp and lactate dehydrogenase ldh was noted when compared to the values in control rats following intraperitoneal administration of gtc mgkg for or days to rats fed the AD significantly higher mean activities of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and lower mean C2 of mda in hepatic tissue and lower mean MICs of ast alt alp and ldh in SS were observed compared to the values in the rats fed the atherogenic diet and treated with saline histopathological studies were performed to provide direct evidence of the atherogenic dietinduced hepatic changes and of the hepatoprotective effect of gtc these results suggest that egcg as a major component of GTC may protect against the hepatic CA occurring in WR fed an AD
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the objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of tissue engineering of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle acellular corporal collagen matrices accms were obtained from the penis of AD rabbits by a cell removal procedure accms were implanted into the back muscles of allogenic rabbits to investigate the resulting immunological reaction human umbilical i.a. smooth muscle cells huasmcs were isolated from human umbilical arteries through explant techniques and expanded in vitro subsequently third and fifth passage huasmcs were seeded to accms at a concentration of x cellsml then seeded accms were implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice the implants were retrieved at and days T3 implantation histochemistry immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy were performed to analyse the morphological characteristics of the engineered tissues additionally organ bath studies were performed to address the contractility of the engineered tissues the decellularization process successfully extracted all cellular components while preserving the original collagen fibers the immunological reaction to accms consisted of only a transient nonspecific inflammatory response CS and SEM microscopy demonstrated that huasmcs D2 onto the threedimensional accms scaffolds in vitro histological analyses of the explants from all time points demonstrated a progressive regeneration of smooth muscle with structures very similar to native corpus cavernosum smooth muscle the Emax force induced by phenylephrine and electrical stimulation were g mg and g mg respectively our T0 demonstrates that huasmcs can be seeded on threedimensional accm scaffolds and will develop tissues similar to that of the native CC smooth muscle
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gardnerella vaginalis gv is a facultatively anaerobic gramvariable bacillus and is the L1 organism involved in BV gvassociated BV has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes include PT parturition and subclinical chorioamnionitis inflammatory response induced by gv presents paediatric problems as well studies had shown that increased C2 of Th1 cytokines include tnfα ilβ and il following fetal inflammatory response syndrome AA to gvinduced intrauterine infection may result in the development of periventricular leukomalacia and BPD in the INF fetus there is increasing evidence that gvassociated bv infection serves as a risk factor for LT neurological complications such as cerebral palsy and learning disability gv is fastidious and could elude conventional detection methods such as bacterial cultures with current more sophisticated molecular biology detection methods its role and pathogenic effects have been shown to have a greater impact on intrauterine inflammation and fetalneonatal infection this review gives an overview on the characteristics of gv and its virulence properties its detrimental role in causing unfavourable gvrelated perinatal outcomes with emphasis on the possible mechanistic pathways is discussed the discovery of disease mechanisms allows the building of a strong platform where further research on innovative therapies can be based on for instance an antitlr monoclonal antibody as therapeutic agent to halt inflammationprecipitate adverse perinatal outcomes
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a yearold man presents to the emergency department with a day PH of severe right upper extremity pain and swelling the patients status is post open reduction internal fixation for a left tibial plateau fracture which was complicated by methicillinsensitive staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis a peripherally inserted central catheter picc L1 was subsequently placed for intravenous antibiotic therapy emergency department bedside US of both the RA axillary vein and SCV near the picc line tip revealed deep VT of both veins bedside upper extremity V1 ultrasonography can assist in the rapid diagnosis of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in the emergency department
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highmobility group box hmgb a nuclear protein that has endogenous cytokinelike activity is involved in several neurological diseases by mediating inflammatory response in this study a lateral head rotation device was used to establish a rat diffuse axonal injury dai model the dynamic expression of hmgb apoptosisassociated proteins and Th1 cytokines were detected by western blot and neuronal apoptosis was observed by tunel staining the extracellular release of hmgb and the accumulation of βapp were observed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry respectively the BB injury was indicated by modified neurological severity score mnss BB water content bwc and the extravasation of evans blue we showed that hmgb level obviously decreased within h T3 dai accompanied by neuronal apoptosis the activation of caspases and and the phosphorylation of bcl inhibiting hmgb with gl gl can suppress the activation of apoptosisassociated proteins and inhibit the expression of Th1 cytokines which ameliorated motor and cognitive deficits reduced neuronal apoptosis and protected the integrity of blood BB barrier bbb and axonal injury after exp dai in rats thus hmgb may be involved in the inflammatory response after dai and inhibition of hmgb release with gl can notably alleviate the brain injury after dai
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most patients with colorectal carcinoma undergo attempts at curative surgery however some present with metastatic disease and many others ultimately relapse most recurrences of CC are not resectable and require nonsurgical approaches such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy directed against local recurrences hepatic metastases and widely disseminated disease nonsurgical therapy for LRR of rectal CA can offer significant palliation intraarterial chemotherapy for LM increases the likelihood of response compared to SVR treatments but has little effect on survival extrahepatic progression and hepatic toxicity are important limitations to this regional therapy fluorouracil fu is the mainstay of systemic chemotherapy and efforts to modulate biochemically the cytotoxic effects of fu with folinic acid PALA interferon and other agents have resulted in promising response rates the different approaches to PSA modulation are being studied in ongoing cooperative group trials novel approaches including monoclonal antibody therapy biologic modifier therapy and gene therapy are under investigation
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shigatoxigenic escherichia coli stec oh uses a myriad of surface adhesive appendages including pili flagella and the type secretion system tss to adhere to and inflict damage to the human gut mucosa consumption of contaminated ground beef milk juices water or leafy greens has been associated with outbreaks of diarrheal disease in humans due to stec the aim of this study was to investigate which of the known stec oh adherence AF mediate colonization of baby spinach leaves and where the bacteria reside within tainted leaves we found that stec oh colonizes baby spinach leaves through the coordinated production of curli the e coli common pilus hemorrhagic coli type pilus flagella and tss electron microscopy analysis of tainted leaves revealed stec bacteria in the internal cavity of the stomata in ICS and within V1 tissue xylem and phloem where the bacteria were protected from the bactericidal effect of gentamicin sodium hypochlorite or ozonated water treatments we confirmed that the ts escn mutant showed a reduced number of bacteria within the stomata suggesting that ts is required for the successful colonization of leaves in agreement nonpathogenic e coli k strain dhα transformed with a plasmid carrying the locus of enterocyte effacement lee pathogenicity island harboring the tss and effector genes internalized into stomata more efficiently than without the lee this study highlights a role for pili flagella and tss in the interaction of stec with spinach leaves colonization of plant stomata and internal tissues may constitute a strategy by which stec survives in a nutrientrich microenvironment protected fal techniques for use at the NIC in this article we present in vivo measurements of the absorption μa and reduced scattering coefficient μs of neonatal skin between and nm and assess the influence of age and skin pigmentation on the optical properties the optical properties were measured using a spatially resolved steady state diffuse reflectance spectroscopy setup combined with a modified spatially resolved DWI MM the method was validated on phantoms with known values for the absorption and reduced scattering coefficient values of μa and μs were obtained from the skin at four different body locations forehead sternum hand and foot of neonates with varying gestational age PNA and skin pigmentation we found that μa ranged from to mm and μs was in the range of to mm th to th percentile of the patient population independent of body location in contrast to previous studies no to very weak correlation was observed between the optical properties and gestational maturity but a strong dependency of the absorption coefficient on PNA was found for dark skinned patients
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neural angiotensinergic circuitry located in the LT has been proposed to be involved in blood pressure regulation and fluid homeostasis ang ii binding sites have been described to be localized throughout the lamina terminalis including the subfornical organ sfo the median preoptic nucleus mnpo and the organum vasculosum LT ovlt the present experiment was designed to investigate the ang ii IB CS localization in the LT for this purpose we have compared the ang ii IB sites acetylcholinesterase and ND distributions throughout the lamina terminalis additionally we have studied the effect of the preferential lesion of sfo neuronal cell HB by local i.t. of nmda on the ang ii binding CS density in different Az of the LT male WR were anesthetized immobilized in a stereotaxic apparatus and nl of saline or nmol nmda was injected into the sfo animals were sacrificed week later the BB was removed frozen and sagittal microm slices were cut in a cryostat alternate brain slices were incubated with isarang ii for receptor autoradiography or histochemically stained for visualization of acetylcholinesterase and nadphdiaphorase MICs binding capacity was determined by computerized quantitative densitometry of autoradiograms the intensity of histochemical reactions was measured as relative units obtained by computerized densitometry processing of the BB slices stained for either activity acetylcholinesterase IF was mainly located in the sfo with faint staining reaction in other areas of the LT ND staining was homogeneously distributed throughout the LT a significant positive rho was observed between acetylcholinesterase and nadphdiaphorase stainings in the sfo of control and nmdalesioned rats ang ii IB sites were localized throughout the lamina terminalis a significant positive rho was observed between the density of ang ii binding CS and the intensity of acetylcholinesterase or ND IF in the sfo of control and nmdalesioned rats the CSD of the nadphdiaphorase staining was found to closely match the CSD of the ang ii binding CS in the LT neuronal lesion of the sfo caused significant reductions in the density of ang ii biding sites in the sfo and the mnpo no changes were observed either in the ovlt or outside the LT in the superior colliculus the present results indicate the following first the presence of high levels of acetylcholinesterase staining in the sfo and of ND throughout the lamina terminalis second that ang ii IB CS in the sfo and possibly in the mnpo are localized in neuronal cell bodies third that sfo lesion did not affect the expression of ang ii binding sites in the ovlt thus suggesting that these binding sites correspond to different angiotensinergic system and finally the existence of a striking correlation between the distribution of the ang ii IB sites and nadphdiaphorase throughout the lamina terminalis thus suggesting a interrelation between angiotensinergic and nitrergic systems in the LT
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the relation of tankers body height to the level of their spinal column degenerative changes as well as the frequency of painful vertebral syndrome have been examined to note the effect of constrained body position on the ON of vertebral syndrome fifty examinees tank commanders divided into BH groups were included in the study there were examinees with body height up to mm in group a and examinees with BH mm in group b the average BH of the studied population was mm mm in group a and mm in group b the investigation established no significant difference between studied CG neither in degenerative changes on spinal column frequency nor in painful vertebral syndrome frequency which favors the conclusion that the total studied population had inappropriate body height for tank conditions and therefore it reacted homogeneously to the tested harmful environment
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in rat cells intracellular transport is inhibited during mitosis here we show that in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae secretion continues uninterrupted during mitosis s cerevisiae cells were arrested in mitosis by treating wildtype cells with the microtubuleinhibitor nocodazole or by incubating a temperaturesensitive cell division cycle mutant cdc at the restrictive temperature secretion of INV into the periplasmic space was equally efficient in mitotic and in unsynchronized cells electron microscopy of nocodazoletreated MI wildtype cells revealed stretches of RER strongly fenestrated golgi cisternae and clusters of LDV with the diameter of nm secretion of INV was inhibited in mitotic sec cells at the restrictive temperature but continued at the permissive temperature sec is a mutant CS where intracellular traffic is blocked in unsynchronized cells in the golgi complex at the restrictive temperature thus the elements of the mitotic GC appear to be able to support intracellular traffic
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marked hemodynamic changes occur in humans and experimental animals with cirrhotic liver disease in the HR basal contractility responsiveness to betaadrenoceptor activation and ECC ecc are negatively affected in models of cirrhosis and portal hypertension with portosystemic shunting pvs and comprise what has been called cirrhotic cardiomyopathy these effects are accompanied by elevated circulating levels of bile acids we investigated whether elevated bile acids act as a myocardial toxicant by exposing cardiac muscle in vitro to bile acids and compared these results with two models of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy with elevated bile acids cclinduced cirrhosis and pvs CA acid a lipophilic bile acid produced a decrease in basal dP/dt and responsiveness to betaadrenoceptor activation both of which appeared to result from altered ecc betaadrenoceptor density and signaling were unaffected acutely ursodeoxycholic acid a more hydrophilic bile acid had no effect cirrhosis produced a decrease in basal force depressed betaadrenoceptor responsiveness and altered ecc similar to cholic acid however cirrhosis also altered betaadrenoceptor signaling including decreases in cyclic amp formation expression of the stimulatory g protein gs and betaadrenoceptor density displacement of lipophilic bile acids by chronic administration of ursodeoxycholic acid to rats during the OD of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy produced by pvs produced attenuation of the effect on ecc these results suggest a possible role for lipophilic bile acids in some but not all of the myocardial consequences of chronic portal vein stenosis and cclinduced cirrhosis
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to T0 the histopathology of subglottic stenosis in children of different ages T3 treatment during different periods of time with or without laser application partial resection of the anterior cricoid with adhering stenotic subglottic area in the live young patient provides unique material for studying wound healing and scarring processes
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a number of studies have suggested a small to moderate positive relation between blood pressure and blood lead concentration in males mmhginmicrogramdl however this T0 of san francisco bus drivers suggests larger relations in black males n for both SP mmhginmicrogramdl and diastolic pressure mmhginmicrogramdl at very low blood lead concentrations microgramsdl this increase appears to result from negative confounding particularly T3 taking into account tobacco use relations are even larger in blacks who infrequently use caffeine and mmhginmicrogramdl for systolic and diastolic pressure respectively in contrast a negative relation between SP and blood lead concentration mmhginmicrogramdl is suggested in nonblack males n these findings indicate that race lead accumulation and physiologic effects related to caffeine use eg catecholamine effects may interact to produce marked differences in effect on blood pressure
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patients preference and satisfaction with their nasal allergy medications may be influenced by their sensory attributes this study evaluates patient preference and satisfaction with ciclesonide HFA nasal aerosol cichfa compared with mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray mfns symptomatic subjects with PAR par were randomized to cichfa at micrograms or mfns at micrograms qd in an openlabel twoperiod crossover T0 subject preference was recorded as total preference score tps average of individual preference items at the end of treatment period and satisfaction was assessed with a item selfadministered instrument at baseline and at the end of each week treatment period the primary assessments were tps and regimen attributes composite satisfaction score composed of two of nine satisfaction subscales sensory impact including medication running out of the nose medication running down the throat and impact on smell and taste and regimen management comprised of issues relating to dosing and ability to remember to take medication two hundred ninetyfour subjects completed the T0 a total of of subjects preferred cichfa p versus mfns with a mean tps of versus for the mfns group the regimen attributes composite satisfaction score significantly p for each treatment period favored cichfa versus mfns at the end of treatment period vs and treatment period versus respectively in this T0 subjects reported higher preference for and satisfaction with cichfa compared with mfns suggesting significant differences in patient perception of attributes in favor of cichfa clinical trial registration url and registration number wwwclinicaltrialsgovctshownct
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plaque rupture is the leading cause of acute coronary syndromes and stroke plaque formation otherwise known as stenosis preferentially occurs in the regions of arterial bifurcation or curvatures to date realtime assessment of stenosisinduced flow reversal remains a clinical challenge by interfacing microelectromechanical system mems thermal sensors with the high frequency pulsed wave pw doppler ultrasound we proposed to assess flow reversal in the presence of an eccentric stenosis we developed a d stenotic model inner diameter of mm an eccentric stenosis with a height of mm and width of mm simulating a SF arterial vessel we demonstrated that heat transfer from the sensing element x μm² to the flow field peaked as a function of flow rates at the throat of the stenosis along the centermidline of arterial MM and dropped downstream from the stenosis where flow reversal was detected by the high frequency ultrasound device at mhz computational fluid dynamics cfd codes are in PA with the ultrasoundacquired flow profiles UP downstream and at the throat of the stenosis hence we characterized regions of eccentric stenosis in terms of changes in heat transfer along the midline of vessel and identified points of flow reversal with high spatial and temporal resolution
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in a prospective clinical investigation of patients with primary sjögrens syndrome ss neurological complications not attributable to other diseases were detected in patients dysfunction of the peripheral NS pns was nearly twice as frequent as CNS system cns complications pns involvement was dominated by symmetric sensory neuropathies carpal tunnel syndromes cranial nerve palsies above all TG sensory neuropathy and pupillary dysfunction cns impairment was represented by cortical atrophy n hemiparesis n and aseptic meningitis n though cns complications were rare psychometric testing revealed diminished cognitive capacity in patients in addition to the characteristic sicca syndrome patients suffered from musculoskeletal pain and recurring abnormal sensation which frequently lead to the misdiagnosis of functional disorders additionally the frequent occurrence of psychiatric PS such as nervosity and depression support the impression of a psychosomatic pattern with no organic basis
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dna methylation is an important form of epigenetic regulation in mammalian OD methylcpgbinding domain protein mbd and methylcpgbinding domain protein mecp are two members of the mbd subfamily of proteins that bind methylated cpg to maintain the silencing effect of dna methylation given their important roles in linking dna methylation with gene silencing this T0 characterized the coordinated mrna expression and protein localization of mbd and mecp in embryos and placentas and aimed to analysis the effects of mbd and mecp on transgenic cloned goats our result showed that mbd expression of transgenic cloned embryo increased significantly at the cell and cell stages p then decreased at the morula and blastocyst stages p mecp expression in transgenic cloned embryo was significant decreased at the cell stage and increased at the cell stage p placenta morphology analysis showed that the cotyledon number of deceased transgenic cloned group dtcg was significantly lower than that the normal goats ng and in the live transgenic cloned goats ltcg p mbd and mecp were clearly detectable in the placental trophoblastic binucleate cells by immunohistochemical IF moreover mbd and mecp expression in dtcg was significant higher than in the ng and the ltcg p in summary aberrant expression of methylation cpg binding proteins mbd and mecp was detected in embryonic and placental OD which reflected abnormal transcription regulation and dna methylation involved in mbd and mecp these findings have implications in understanding the low efficiency of transgenic cloning
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to assess the sensitivity of isocapnic HV with cold air in detecting airway hyperreactivity in asthmatic children we studied asthmatic patients mean age years and normal children cold air challenge consisted of T2 of moderate hyperventilation plus another T2 of maximal hyperventilation both with subfreezing air degrees to degrees c exercise and ihca tests were done within days and in random sequence mean se maximal delta fev after ihca was in the asthmatic children vs in the normal subjects p less than even though there were no significant differences in the maximal minute ventilation equivalent between the two groups mean maximal delta fev T3 exercise was in the asthmatic group there was no difference in the sensitivity of the exercise and ihca tests to detect bronchospasm in asthmatic children airway one after ihca was sharp and brief maximal at minutes T3 challenge and back to of baseline after minutes in seven asthmatic children the refractoriness to cold air and exercise was studied by repeating each test within T2 all seven showed significant refractoriness to exercise and six showed no refractoriness to ihca we conclude that exercise and cold airinduced bronchospasm have different physiologic mechanisms and that cold air testing can be used as a routine challenge to identify airway hyperreactivity in children
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sixtythree cases with acute promyelocytic leukemia apl were treated with alltrans retinoic acid atra the rates of hyperleukocytosis intracranial hypertension RAS were and respectively mortality of the treatment was under atra treatment hyperleukocytosis leading to leukostasis was the cause of death in patients with apl we therefore suggest that the patients with such leukocyte levels that is x l on the th day x l on the th day x l on the th day can be used as guidelines for starting chemotherapyhomoharringtonine before atra treatment while leukocyte counts are x l the patients only receive HHT when leukocyte counts are or x l the patients receive a combination of homoharringtonine and atra retinoic acid syndrome is a distinctive complication of atra therapy in the patients with apl while the syndrome occurs the treatment of atra must be stopped and corticosteroids must be used
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the CF and regulation of nah exchanger isoform nhe following cerebral ischemia are not well understood in this study we demonstrate that extracellular signalrelated kinases erk play a role in stimulation of neuronal nhe following in vitro ischemia nhe activity was significantly increased during min reoxygenation reox after h oxygen and glucose deprivation ogd ogdreox not only increased the vmax for nhe but also shifted the km toward decreased hi these changes in nhe kinetics were absent when mapkerk kinase mek was inhibited by the mek inhibitor u there were no changes in the levels of phosphorylated erk perk T3 h ogd the perk level was significantly increased during min reox which was accompanied by nuclear translocation u abolished reoxinduced elevation and translocation of perk we further examined the erkkda ribosomal s kinase prsk signaling pathways at min reox phosphorylated nhe was increased with a concurrent elevation of phosphorylation of prsk a known nhe kinase inhibition of mek activity with u abolished phosphorylation of both nhe and prsk moreover neuroprotection was observed with u or genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of nhe following ogdreox taken together these results suggest that activation of erkprsk pathways following in vitro ischemia phosphorylates nhe and increases its activity which subsequently contributes to neuronal damage
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the aim of this study was to determine the safety of imidocarb dipropionate in sheep imidocarb dipropionate imdp was administered mgkg intramuscular im to sheep and blood samples were obtained and DAT hemacell counts SS biochemical values coagulation values and serum oxidative status were measured imdp caused transient decreases in ph actual bicarbonate standard bicarbonate total carbon dioxide BE in vivo base excess in vitro oxygen saturation lactate dehydrogenase and retinol levels and transient increases in SS creatine kinasemb blood urea nitrogen and creatinine C2 imdp decreased adenosine deaminase activity AT iii and SOD and increased WG blood cell counts in conclusion imdp may change serum oxidative status and cause coagulation disorders during treatment in sheep
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the regeneration of optic tract fibers hs been investigated in rutilus kept at degrees c months T3 ablation of one optic tectum and simultaneous section of the optic nerve from the CL eye the labeling of the optic SF obtained following i.t. of either 3H proline or hrp in either of the eyes showed the existence of a normal contralateral retinotectal projection to strata opticum fibrosum et griseum SF sfgs griseum centrale and album centrale furthermore it demonstrated the presence of a conspicuous newlyformed ipsilateral retinotectal projection to both superficial and deep layers of sfgs in the form of horizontal bands the partial overlapping of ipsi and CL projections in sfgs was confirmed by a doublelabeling technique hrp and 3H proline the results suggest a retinal hyperinnervation of the remaining optic tectum
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magnetophoresisthe motion of magnetic particles under applied magnetic gradientis a process of great interest in novel applications of magnetic nanohe ratio map divided by the norepinephrine infusion rate log mapne quantified the combined effect on both parameters compared with the it group hypertonic solution treatment resulted in an improvement in log mapne p as well as an increase in systolic TD imaging E/A p and stroke volume index p no differences between the CG were found for preload parameters CVP stroke volume R2 i.t. blood BVI or for afterload parameters systemic V1 resistance index map hypertonic solution treatment decreased the need for ongoing fluid resuscitation p no differences between groups were observed regarding tonometry or the SL microvascular variables in patients with SS hypertonic fluid administration did not promote gastrointestinal mucosal perfusion or SL microcirculatory blood flow in comparison to isotonic fluid independent of changes in preload or afterload hypertonic fluid administration improved the cardiac contractility and V1 tone compared with isotonic fluid the need for ongoing fluid resuscitation was also reduced
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we studied influences of mediastinal lymphadenopathy on CVS in nine cases of SA with transesophageal US endoscopy chest xray films revealed BHL in all cases whose diagnoses were made histologically with biopsies of peripheral lung through flexible fiber optic bronchoscope andor of lymph NO these findings were typical in this disease many compartments of cardiovascular system in mediastinal and hilar regions were visible with this technique in all subjects and enlarged lymph nodes changed den three records using the chinpoint guidance were averaged
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mammalian cardiac atria possess several unidentified biologically active peptides fractionation of rat atrial extracts by GFC revealed two L1 fractions apparent molecular weights of peak i and less than peak ii both of which were potent natriuretic agents eliciting a fold increase in sodium excretion and smooth muscle relaxants vigorous treatment with TR unitsml at degrees c for min of both fractions abolished all biological activity further purification of the lower molecular weight fraction peak ii by IEC indicated two subfractions that possessed potent natriuretic activity and that preferentially relaxed either intestinal designated peak iia or vascular peak iib smooth muscle CA tissues the similarity of the biological effect of the high peak i and low peak ii molecular weight MMP led us to test the possibility of precursorproduct relationship mild proteolytic treatment of the high molecular weight peptide with trypsin unitml at room temperature markedly enhanced the smooth muscle relaxant activity subsequent analysis of the TR unitmltreated high molecular weight peptide peak i by GF and ionexchange chromatography revealed that the peptide now resembled the low molecular weight MMP peaks iia and iib present in the original atrial extract these data suggest that the cardiac atria contain a relatively inactive smooth muscle relaxant high molecular weight peptide and suggest that biologically AS low molecular weight MMP can subsequently be generated by proteolytic cleavage
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the bacteriological analytical manual bam salmonella SC method did not detect salmonella typhi in mamey the tropical fruit that was implicated in a typhoid outbreak the relative effectiveness of bams nonselective preenrichment and selective media for the recovery of s typhi from mamey was examined to determine if the bams preenrichmentselective enrichment strategy was the cause of the methods failure with this food the preenrichment media were lactose BB buffered peptone water bpw and universal preenrichment up broth the selective enrichment media were SC sc BB tetrathionate tt broth and RV rv medium up broth was significantly more ERP p than either lactose broth or bpw for the REC of different s typhi strains from mamey of test portions tested s typhipositive test portions were recovered using up broth whereas only s typhipositive test portion was recovered using bpw and no s typhipositive test portions were recovered using lactose BB sc and tt broths were both significantly more ERP p than rv medium of s typhipositive test portions sc broth recovered tt BB recovered and rv medium recovered after the above comparison an incomplete up upi broth formulation was found to be significantly more ERP p than the CR formulation upc of total positive test portions upi recovered whereas upc recovered only the following up BB formulations were compared to determine if any of the components of the up BB formulation were inhibitory to s typhi upc up BB without sodium Pyr ups up broth without ferric ammonium citrate upf up BB without mgso upm and upi it was found that none of the ingredients were GABA to s typhi and that out of total test portions upi and upf with and positive test portions respectively were significantly more ERP p than the other up broth formulations for upc for ups and for upm rather than being GABA to the growth of s typhi it appears that FAC enhanced the growth of competitors which suppressed the growth of s typhi these results demonstrate that upi and upf are ERP for the recovery of s typhi from mamey
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prepared readytoeat foods comprise a significant part of americans diets and are increasingly obtained from food stores yet little is known about the availability and healthfulness of prepared readytoeat food offerings at stores this study examines associations among community characteristics racialethnic composition poverty level urbanicity and availability of both healthier and lesshealthy prepared foods in us supermarkets grocery stores and convenience stores
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the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides a a b and c were studied in rabbits and were best described with a onecomponent open model ginsenoside c protopanaxadiol group ginseng saponin showed a significantly longer halflife higher plasma protein IB and lower metabolic and renal clearance than ginsenosides a a and b protopanaxatriol group ginseng saponins all ginsenosides except ginsenoside a were slowly absorbed T3 intraperitoneal administration GS were not found in rabbit plasma or urine samples T3 oral administration the observed differences in the pharmacokinetics of the ginsenosides may be ascribed to differences in protein IB ginsenoside c was more toxic than ginsenoside a after intraperitoneal administration to mice toxicity was not observed after oral administration of any of the GS the genins panaxadiol and panaxatriol were more toxic and had larger volumes of distribution than the GS
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although the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes are known to be potent bronchoconstrictors the relative aerodynamic site of response to these compounds is controversial we determined the decrease in maximal expiratory flow rates vmax from partial and maximal flowvolume curves in seven asthmatic subjects T3 inhalation of aerosols of histamine or leukotriene c ltc while PLB air or a mixture of helium and oxygen heo DD dd of maximal expiratory flow was determined from partial expiratory MEFV curves by an isovolumic comparison of maximal expiratory flows with subjects breathing heo with those obtained while PLB air measurements were made before and T3 inhalation of aerosols generated from graded concentrations of each constrictor agent an aerodynamic site of response to ltc more CE than for histamine was indicated by a significant p less than increase in dd with the former but not with the latter agonist the ratio of vmax at vital capacity determined from maximal and partial maneuvers mp was routinely higher at baseline while breathing heo compared to the corresponding values with air suggesting a degree of IP obstruction that was reversed by a deep inhalation one induced by ltc inhalation resulted in a greater increase in mp compared with baseline when air was the test gas p less than this was not observed when heo was the test gas similar effects on mp were not induced by histamine aerosol inhalation consistent with a central airway response to ltc that was not affected by volume historyabstract truncated at words
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chistamine was po intrabronchially to asthmatic patients and controls the urinary excretion of total radioactivity chistamine and its radioactive metabolites was measured it was found that the excretion of total radioactivity was complete within h the excretion rate was equal to that observed T3 i.v. of chistamine indicating a rapid penetration of the bronchial mucosa however the diuresis seemed to be of importance for the excretion rate histamine inactivation by methylation was more pronounced T3 intrabronchial than after intravenous administration
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seventeen mucoid ME effusions were collected from the Tty cavity of cats or weeks T3 tubal obstruction ME mucosa was also taken both from the Tty cavity and bulla and the number of goblet cells was counted both elasticity g viscosity eta of the mucoid effusion were determined with an oscillating sphere magnetic rheometer and compared with goblet cell count there was a significant rho between g and goblet cell population in the Tty cavity a similar significant correlation was observed between eta and goblet cells the g and eta values of the mucoid mucus were much higher than the optimal viscoelasticity for mucociliary transport results indicate that the mucus obtained in this T0 mainly originated from the goblet cells and that its viscoelasticity was beyond ideal values for MCT
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myocardial stunning can follow regional or GI in the AD or immature HR this report reviews some of our studies of the protean causes of stunning including SE and substrate SD inous and particular clinical syndromes these findings make it so insidious that the diagnosis is rarely make the preoperative course usually there has been previous SE to asbestos during even if other causes are reported rarely a PM appears with signs and symptoms suggestive of acute abdomen such as the present case on admission the patient presented clinical features apparently requiring emergency surgery in fact at laparotomy the tumour arising from the mesenterium had perforated the peritoneal cavity and communicated with the digiunal lumen causing a septic hemoperitoneum a radical resection was performed and the continuity of the intestinal tract was restored through an endtoend enteroanastomosis the patient with a history of exposure to asbestos was alive four years later but over the last twelve months diffuse metastasis has occurred in the lung and CL and there was no response to SVR chemotherapy this case may be considered singular of the clinical syndrome the LT survival and the circumscribed aspect of the tumour through a review of the literature the features of the present diagnostic procedure are underlined and the importance of multidisciplinary treatment as the best RPA to peritoneal mesothelioma is emphasized
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assessing outcome is a critical problem for the study of addictive behaviors traditional approaches often lack power and sensitivity latent transition analysis is an alternative procedure that is applicable to categorical latent VL models such as stage models the method involves four different types of parameters each of which may be relevant to different research questions two examples that employ the stages of change construct are used to illustrate the method in the first example three different models of longitudinal change are compared in the second example the effects of an expert system MI for smoking is compared to a conicine program were evaluated by faculty and resident interviewers with regard to medical school grades autobiography interviews letters of recommendation and national board scores normalization of these scores by linear transformation of interviewer means was used to correct for differences among interviewers multivariate LR and neural network models were developed using data from the previous years applicants these models were used to forecast provisional rank orderings of the candidates these rankings were combined into a single hybrid list that was used by the admissions committee as the starting point for development of the final rank list by consensus each models predictions were tested for goodness of fit against the final nrmp rank using wilks test using the final submitted nrmp rank order as the dependent variable the neural network yielded a correlation coefficient of and an r of the LR MM exhibited a correlation coefficient of and an r of no significant difference was found chi p a neural network performs as well as a LR MM when used for forecasting the rank order of residency applicants
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vasculitides are defined by inflammation of blood vessel walls leading to vascular stenosis or occlusion with various degrees of fibrinoid CN of the media and inflammatory infiltration mainly neutrophilic and sometimes granulomatous various classifications of the vasculitides have been proposed the classifications used most today are the ACR classification and the chapel hill nomenclature published in only the latter distinguished between polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis and stressed the importance of antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies anca in practice primary systemic vasculitides are classified according to their clinical presentations their precise histological features and the size of the predominantly affected vessels some smallvessel vasculitides are associated with the presence of anca of patients with SVR WG mainly anca with cytoplasm labeling on indirect immunofluorescence and proteinase specificity of the subjects with microscopic polyangiitis mostly panca with myeloperoxidase specificity and more than one third of those with CSS mostly panca
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the design of transport paths in consuming entities that use routes to access food should be under strong selective pressures to reduce costs and increase benefits we studied the adaptive nature of branching angles in foraging trail networks of the two most abundant tropical leafcutting ant species we mathematically assessed how these angles should reflect the relative weight of the pressure for reducing either trail maintenance effort or traveling distances bifurcation angles of ant foraging trails strongly differed depending on the location of the nests ant colonies in open areas showed more acute branching angles which best shorten travel distances but create longer new trail sections to maintain than a perpendicular CB suggesting that trail maintenance costs are smaller compared to the benefit of reduced traveling distance conves wnta or cyr or to exhibit reduced expression of cyr within the context of a nude rat bladder augmentation model at weeks postsurgery data demonstrated increased vessel number vs vesselsmm and bladder smooth muscle content vs in cyrox overexpressing vs cyrkd knockdown CG muscle content decreased to at weeks in cyrkd groups wntaox resulted in high numbers of vessels and muscle content vesselsmm and respectively at weeks overexpressing cell constructs resulted in peripheral nerve regeneration while cyrkd animals were devoid of peripheral nerve regeneration at weeks at weeks postgrafting PN regeneration was at a minimal level for both cyrox and wntaox cell lines blood vessel and bladder functionality were evident at both timepoints in all animals results from this study indicate that mscbased cyrox and wntaox cell lines play pivotal roles with regards to increasing the levels of PET vasculature influencing muscle regeneration and the regeneration of peripheral nerves in a model of bladder augmentation wntaox constructs closely approximated the outcomes previously observed with the cotransplantation of mscs with cd hspcs and may be specifically targeted as an alternate means to achieve functional bladder regeneration
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a ratelimiting aspect of TGM models of mammary adenocarcinoma is that primary RT burden in mammary tissue typically defines study endpoints thus studies focused on elucidating mechanisms of latestage de novo metastasis are compromised as are studies examining tau of anticancer therapies targeting mediators of metastasis in the adjuvant setting numerous mu mammary CA models have been developed via targeted expression of dominant oncoproteins to mammary epithelial cells yielding models variably mimicking histopathologic and transcriptomedefined breast CA subtypes common in women
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