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we report a case of successful laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with d CL node dissection preserving the common hepatic artery branched from the left gastric artery for advanced GC with an adachi type vi group V1 anomaly a yearold female patient was admitted with a diagnosis of AGC at the AW to the lesser curvature of the antrum ctnm cstage iia dynamic computed tomography showed the ectopia of the CHA branched from the left gastric i.a. we made a diagnosis of an adachi type vi group V1 anomaly and performed the abovementioned T0 in this anomaly DP scrupulous attention is required to remove the suprapancreatic lymph NO because the portal vein is located immediately dorsal to those lymph NO and is at increased risk for the injury in this situation the CHA is branched from the left gastric artery and the hepatic perfusion from the SMA artery is not present in group planning to preserve the artery will improve safety when it is possible oncologically there were no postoperative complications and the patient was discharged days after the operation to our knowledge the present case is the first reported case of a laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with d lymph node dissection with an adachi type vi group V1 anomaly preoperative diagnostic imaging is very important to prevent surgical complications because the reliable ID of vascular anomaly during an operation is very difficult
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two n balance experiments were conducted on growing pigs to study the effect of essential and nonessential amino acids added to a PFD on n PR in expt the addition of sulphur amino acids threonine and tryptophan to a proteinfree diet at C2 two times the maintenance requirements reduced p daily n loss from to mgkg a further addition of nonessential amino acids equivalent to mg nkgd resulted in a marked increase p in daily n PR to mgkg in expt nonessential amino acids were added to a proteinfree diet supplemented with sulphur amino acids threonine and tryptophan at C2 corresponding to and mg nkgd n retention increased linearly as dietary nonessential n increased the Mw of the bestfit regression L1 indicated that the marginal efficiency of nonessential n utilization for protein accretion was the results suggest that nonessential amino acids may be a limiting factor for the reutilization of amino acids released by body PB or that they may serve as precursors for de novo synthesis of amino acids by gut microorganisms thus contributing to the CAA requirements of the pig
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to understand the mechanisms responsible for the persistent hypercalciuria and reduced glomerular filtration rate gfr previously found in of patients surgically cured of primary HP phpx the tubular handling of lithium sodium calcium and phosphate as well as the renal hemodynamics were evaluated in these phpx patients in control subjects and in patients with renal hypercalciuria rh during fasting and T3 an oral calcium load a positive correlation between the fractional excretions of calcium and sodium was found in all CG but the phpx patients excreted more calcium for the same amount of sodium than control subjects the fractional proximal sodium reabsorption fprna distal delivery and fractional phosphate reabsorption were similar in all groups a significant positive rho was founddistal mcat PE and tef screening of an expression library with the mcat PE yielded a cdna encoding a truncated form of polyadpribose polymerase parp endogenous parp from embryonic tissue nuclear extracts migrated as a kda protein recombinant FL parp preferentially bound the wildtype mcat element and was shown to physically interact with tef in addition endogenous tef could be coimmunoprecipitated with parp from extracts of primary skeletal muscle cells recombinant parp was able to adpribosylate tef in vitro inhibition of the enzymatic activity of parp repressed expression of an mcatdependent reporter in transiently transfected primary muscle cells together these data implicate parp as the auxiliary protein that binds with tef to the mcat PE to provide musclespecific gene transcription
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oxidative damage and antioxidant properties have been studied in perna viridis subjected to shortterm exposure to hg along with temperature h and longterm temperature exposures days as pollution biomarkers the elevated TBAR tbars levels observed in gills and digestive gland under SE to hg individually and combined with temperature as also longterm temperature stress have been assigned to the oxidative damage resulting in lipid peroxidation lpx increased MICs of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase sod catalase cat glutathione peroxidase gpx glutathione reductase gr and glutathionestransferase gst both in gills and digestive glands under longterm exposures to temperatures are more prominent to heat rather than CS suggesting activation of physiological mechanism to scavenge the ros produced during HS also decreased values of reduced glutathione gsh on long exposures to temperature stress indicate utilisation of this antioxidant either to scavenge oxiradicals or act in combination with other enzymes was more than its production capacity under HS the results suggest that temperature R2 does alter the active oxygen metabolism by modulating antioxidant enzyme MICs which can be used as biomarker to detect sublethal effects of pollution
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we measured diffusing capacities for carbon monoxide dlco and nitric oxide lung volume and cardiac output by a RB technique at two AM o tensions pao at rest and exercise membrane diffusing capacity for co dmco and vc were estimated from dlco by the roughtonforster rf method and also from simultaneous lung diffusing capacity for no and dlco measured at one o tension modified rf method estimates by these methods agreed closely in normal subjects tamhane et al chest using these methods we studied patients with stages iiiii pulmonary sarcoidosis to determine whether the modified rf method accurately estimates dmco and vc in parenchymal disease and whether SA alters recruitment of diffusing capacity with respect to cardiac SO in patients dmco and vc estimated by the two methods agreed closely dmco was disproportionately reduced relative to vc at any given cardiac SO and the slope of the relationship between dlco and cardiac output was moderately though significantly below normal we conclude that in sarcoidosis the modified rf method provides comparable estimates of dmco and vc as the standard rf method and the limitation to diffusive gas transport resides primarily in the membrane barrier although recruitment of microvascular reserves is also modestly impaired
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there is a traditional belief that the elderly have difficulty coping with dietary change and therefore have a diminished likelihood of successfully responding to nutritional interventions or restrictions using a controlled mild zincdeficiency feeding T0 as a MM for strict dietary intervention we assessed psychological responses to severe dietary choice restriction in caucasian elderly years males n and females n participants completed the medical outcomes study short form item questionnaire sf as an index of qol and the multidimensional health locus of control mhlc as a measure of health beliefs at preintervention baseline postintervention and followup no subjects dropped out nor were any meals missed during the entire day FF T0 period no significant differences were detected across time on the mhlc internal f p powerful others f p chance f p by oneway anova similarly for the sf no significant differences were found across time f p our results suggest that restricting dietary choices does not negatively impact older adult subjects and that they can cope well with dietary choice restriction and NC older adults should not be overlooked for nutritional MI solely due to age considerations
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the BPM calciumactivated adenosine triphosphatase caatpase is known to regulate intracellular calcium levels this enzyme was localised in intracerebral cortical vessels of normotensive and acutely hypertensive rats of interest was whether the arterioles that develop increased permeability to horseradish peroxidase hrp in acute hypertension demonstrate any alteration in localisation of caatpase as compared to normotensive controls rats were injected with hrp intravenously and acute hypertension was induced by a min infusion of angiotensin amide following perfusion of fixative brains were sliced and reacted for demonstration of hrp RP and caatpase NR showed discontinuous CSD of caatpase on the outer plasma membranes of EC smooth muscle and adventitial cells of arterioles the localisation of caatpase in pinocytotic vesicles present in EC and smooth muscle cells was quite striking focal cortical areas of hypertensive rats showed increased arteriolar permeability to hrp permeable arterioles showed marked reduction of caatpase on the outer PMs of endothelium and smooth muscle cells as compared to nonpermeable arterioles of the same animals and arterioles of normotensive controls the latter finding suggests that calcium may be involved in increased cerebrovascular permeability mechanisms in acute hypertension
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we describe the presentation of a young woman with longstanding complex partial seizures with occasional secondary generalization who presented with complex visual hallucinations cvhs and delusions
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the performance of SpA spa classification criteria is not wellestablished in general early arthritis cohorts therefore the authors tested their performance in the leiden early arthritis clinic eac cohort and assessed whether these criteria can assist rheumatologists in diagnosing patients
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a PN lesion induces sprouting of primary afferents from dorsal root ganglion drg SN into lamina ii of the DH modifications of the environment in consequence to the axotomy provide an extrinsic CS- a potential neuronintrinsic factor that may permit axonal sprouting is microtubuleassociated protein b mapb in a specific phosphorylated form mapbp restricted to growing or reg axons we show here that both in rat and mouse a sciatic nerve cut is rapidly followed by the appearance of mapbp expression in lamina ii increasing to a maximum between and days and diminishing after three months evidence is provided that sprouting and induction of mapbp expression T3 IP injury are phenomena concerning essentially myelinated axons this is in accordance with in situ hybridization data showing especially high mapbmrna C2 in C1 size drg SN that give rise to myelinated fibers we then employed a second lesion MM multiple rhizotomy with one spared root in this case unmyelinated cgrp expressing SF do indeed sprout but coexpression of mapbp and cgrp is never observed in lamina ii finally because a characteristic of myelinated fibers is their high content in neurofilament protein heavy subunit nfh we used nfhlacz transgenic mice to verify that mapbp induction and CE sprouting were not affected by perturbing the axonal organization of NFs we conclude that mapbp is well suited as a rapidly expressed axonintrinsic marker associated with STDP of myelinated fibers
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the physiological role of pulmonary surfactant is probably not limited to conferring mechanical stability to the alveoli increasing evidence suggests that surfactant components in particular the hydrophilic SF proteins spa and spd play potentially important roles in host defense mechanisms both spa and spd are collagenous ctype lectins collectins that are structurally and perhaps functionally related to collectins in the circulation as will be discussed in this review evidence is accumulating that the AM collectins spa and spd could be important components of a firstline defense system against infiltrating pathogenic microorganisms and viruses
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external loop el of serotonin transporter was analyzed by mutating each of the residues from thr to ala one at a time with cysteine cysteine was welltolerated at most positions although gc yc and ec had low transport activities replacement with cysteine rendered mutants gcpc CS to partial or CR inactivation by trimethylammoniumethyl methanethiosulfonate and sulfonatoethyl MTS within this CS region the rates of reaction varied by over orders of magnitude rates of inactivation were not significantly affected by removal of na or by addition of cocaine or serotonin these results suggest that modification of el interferes with the transport process but is not CS to substrate and ion IB
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the intraperitoneal administration to rats of mgkg body weig inhaled salbutamol in bronchial provocation with inhaled house dust mite allergen hdm were studied in adult subjects with BA and positive skin test to the allergen there was a significant association between the skin test and the outcome of bronchial challenge although the magnitude of the skin test reactivity was not significantly correlated with the degree of bronchial reactivity metered dose inhaler administration of salbutamol gamma total was started after antigen produced a fall in mean fev to salbutamol treatment returned the fev within min to and within min to of baseline in all but one patient it appears that in most asthmatics inhaled salbutamol does significantly and immediately reverse hdminduced bronchospasm
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progress in understanding the cell biology of urea transporter proteins has been hampered by the lack of an appropriate cell SC system the goal of this T0 was to create a polarized epithelial cell line that stably expresses the largest of the rat renal urea transporter uta isoforms uta the gene for uta was cloned into pcdnafrt and transfected into MDCK mdck cells with an integrated flp recombination target site the cells from a single clone were grown to confluence on collagencoated membranes until the resistance was omegacm trn reaction and revealed by fluorescently labelled streptavidin
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a clone encoding prp the major protein in purified S9 of scrapie agent was selected from a scrapieinfected hamster BB cdna library by oligonucleotide probes corresponding to the n terminus of the protein southern blotting with prp cdna revealed a single gene with the same restriction patterns in normal and scrapieinfected brain dna a single prprelated gene was also detected in mu and human dna prprelated mrna was found at similar C2 in normal and scrapieinfected hamster brain as well as in many other normal tissues using antisera against prp a prprelated protein was detected in crude extracts of infected BB and to a lesser extent in extracts of normal brain proteinase k digestion yielded prp in INF brain extract but CR degraded the prprelated protein in normal brain extract no prprelated nucleic acids were found in purified S9 of scrapie prions indicating that prp is not encoded by a nucleic acid carried within the infectious particles
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a bioactive fluorescent derivative of gonadotropinreleasing hormone gluhistrpsertyrdlysn epsilontetramethylrhodamineleuargproglynh was prepared this peptide retained highaffinity binding apparent dissociation constant nm to the receptor for gonadotropinreleasing hormone and was utilized for microscopic visualization and localization of gonadotropinreleasing hormone receptors in cultured rat pituitary cells the fluorescently labeled receptors were initially distributed uniformly on the cell surface and formed patches which subsequently internalized at degrees c into endocytic LDV these processes were dependent on SB CS for the rhodaminelabeled peptide to gonadotrope cells cluster formation and internalization were markedly reduced in the absence of ca which is required for gonadotropin secretion it is possible that cluster formation microaggregation and internalization of gonadotropinreleasing hormone receptors may be important in eliciting biological effects or for the observed loss of tissue responsiveness after desensitization due to SE to the rat hormone
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human NE may be a major mediator of V1 damage and could contribute to the V1 damage seen in women with pregnancyinduced hypertension pih elevated plasma levels of this substance will reflect neutrophil activation in vivo to determine PMNL activation in pih we studied normal nonpregnant women women with normal pregnancies with mildmoderate pih and with severe pih between and weeks gestation plasma PMNL PE was measured by radioimmunoassay there was a significantly higher concentration of plasma NE in both mildmoderate and severe pih than in normotensive pregnancies and this may contribute to the V1 lesion associated with pih concentrations were also significantly higher in normal pregnancy than in nonpregnant women which suggests that neutrophil activation and degranulation are increased in NP
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fully dispersible cationic ultrasmall nm diameter superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs exhibiting high relaxivity mms in t and no acute or subchronic toxicity in WR were studied and their suitability as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and material for development of new diagnostic and treatment tools demonstrated T3 i.v. mgkg body weight they circulated throughout the vascular system causing no microhemorrhage or thrombus neither inflammatory processes at the mesentery vascular bed and hepatic sinusoids leukocyte rolling adhesion or migration as evaluated by intravital microscopy but having been spontaneously concentrated in the liver SP and kidneys they caused strong negative contrast the nanoparticles are cleared from kidneys and bladder in few days whereas the complete elimination from CL and SP occurred only T3 weeks ex vivo studies demonstrated that cationic ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs caused no effects on hepatic and renal enzymes dosage as well as on leukocyte count in addition they were readily concentrated in rat thigh by a magnet showing its potential as magnetically targeted carriers of therapeutic and diagnostic agents summarizing cationic ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are nontoxic and efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents useful as platform for the development of new materials for application in theranostics
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this article describes a posthoc analysis of clinical and psychosocial AF and beliefs about health associated with treatment outcome in a sample of depressed primary care patients n randomly assigned to a standardized treatment or physicians UC uc different factors were found to predict clinical outcomes for treatment modality uc vs interpersonal psychotherapy ipt or nortriptyline nt and the type of outcome evaluated ie DS at months or symptomatic and functional REC at months factors associated with treatmentspecific outcomes are also described consistent with prior studies lower depressive symptom severity at months was associated with higher baseline functioning minimal medical comorbidity race and standardized pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic treatment additionally an interaction between treatment modality and health locus of control indicated that individuals perceiving more selfcontrol of their health and who received a standardized treatment experienced greater depressive symptom reduction at months AF associated with symptomatic and functional REC from the depressive episode were also examined patients who received a standardized treatment ipt or nt perceived greater control of their health and lacked a lifetime GAD or panic disorder were more likely to recover by month than those who received usual care while clinical severity and treatment adequacy play an important role in both symptomatic improvement and full REC from a depressive episode other key factors such as health beliefs and nondepressive psychopathology also influence REC
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the adsorption structures of thiocytosine tc on gold surfaces were examined by means of vibrational RS and QM density functional theory calculations the hthioneamino form was calculated to be most SD among the six examined tautomers the three plausible IB geometries of sulfur pyrimidine nitrogen and amino group binding modes were calculated to estimate the binding energies of the hthioneamino form with six gold cluster atoms thiouracils including thiouracil tu TU tu and MTU mtu were also studied to compare their relative binding energies on gold atoms the intracellular localization of a dna base analog of tc on gold NPs aunps in hela cells was identified by means of surfaceenhanced raman scattering aunps were modified with tc by selfassembly our darkfield microscopy and zdepthdependent confocal raman spectroscopy indicated that tcassembled aunps could be found inside cancer cells on the other hand we did not observe noticeably strong raman peaks in the cases of thiouracils including tu tu and mtu this may be due to the additional amino group of tc which can lead to a stronger IB of adsorbates on aunps
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cortical adaptation in the primary somatosensory cortex si has been probed using different stimulation modalities and recording techniques in both human and animal studies in contrast considerably less knowledge has been gained about the adaptation profiles in other Az of the cortical somatosensory network using MEG meg we examined the patterns of shortterm adaptation for evoked responses in si and somatosensory association areas during tactile stimulation applied to the glabrous skin of the hand cutaneous stimuli were delivered as trains of serial pulses with a constant frequency of hz and hz in separate runs and a constant intertrain interval of s the unilateral stimuli elicited transient responses to the serial pulses in the train with several response components that were separated by independent component analysis subsequent source reconstruction techniques identified regional generators in the CL si and somatosensory association Az in the PPC ppc activity in the bilateral AA somatosensory cortex ie siipv was also identified although less consistently across subjects the dynamics of the evoked activity in each area and the frequencydependent adaptation effects were assessed from the changes in the relative amplitude of serial responses in each train we show that the adaptation profiles in si and ppc Az can be quantitatively characterized from neuromagnetic recordings using tactile stimulation with the sensitivity to repetitive stimulation increasing from si to ppc a similar approach for siipv has proven less straightforward potentially due to the tendency of these Az to respond selectively to certain stimuli
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during the last years noninvasive determination of the aortic valve area by doppler echocardiography using the continuity equation became popular however a systematic valve area underestimation of about compared to invasive measurements using the gorlin formula has been reported the cause therefore is unknown the purpose of this T0 was to evaluate whether the valve area underestimation by the doppler method might be due to differences in the hydrodynamic background of both methods this comparison is facilitated by the fact that the gorlin formula is based on the continuity equation compared to the continuity equation there are four changes within the gorlin formula the additional use of a discharge coefficient which leads to valve area overestimation by the factor neglect of the prestenotic velocity causing further overestimation by the factor in mild stenosis this factor may be and more the wrong calculation of the mean pressure drop which leads to a mean NC by the factor and the incorrect substitution of the height by the pressure drop in the derivation of the gorlin formula causes underestimation by the factor combining these four AF results in valve area overestimation of the gorlin formula compared to the continuity equation by the factor this explains to a large extent the valve area underestimation by the continuity equation
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combustion synthesis of semiconducting amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide igzo ingazn thin films was carried out using urea nitrate precursor EDC of indiumiii galliumiii and zincii this approach provides further understanding towards the oxide formation process under a moderate temperature regime by employment of welldefined coordination compounds all precursor compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques as well as by single crystal structure analysis their intrinsic thermal decomposition was studied by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry dsc and thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy tgmsir for all precursors a multistep decomposition involving a complex redoxreaction pathway under in situ formation of nitrogen containing molecular species was observed controlled thernup step cycles were carried out each with μl of methanol the limits of quantification varied from to μg l
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two new intermediates are described which form in the dark as precursors to the lightinduced assembly of the photosynthetic water oxidation complex woc from the inorganic components mn binds to the apowocpsii protein in the absence of calcium at a highaffinity site by using a hydrophobic chelator to remove mn and ca from the woc and nonspecific fe a new epr signal becomes visible upon IB of mn to this site characterized by sixline mn hyperfine structure deltahpp g and ERP g these features indicate a HS electronic ground state s for mn and a strong ligand field with large anisotropy this signal is eliminated if excess ca or mg is present a second mn epr signal forms in place of this signal upon addition of ca in the dark the yield of this cainduced mn signal is optimum at a ratio of mnpsii and saturates with increasing ca mm exhibiting a calcium KB of kd mm the epr signal of the cainduced mn center at k is asymmetric with L1 g value of approximately deltahpp g and a shoulder near g approximately it also exhibits resolved mn hyperfine splitting with separation deltahpp g these spectral features are diagnostic of a variety of weakly interacting mnii ii pairs with electronic spins that are magnetic dipolar coupled in the range of intermanganese separations a and commonly associated with one or two carboxylate bridges the calcium requirement for induction of the mniiii signal matches the value observed for steadystate o evolution michaelis constant km approximately mm and for lightinduced assembly of the woc by photoactivation the cainduced mniiii center is a more efficient electron donor to the photooxidized IMT radical tyrz than is the mononuclear mn center present in the absence of ca the cainduced mniiii signal serves as a precursor for photoactivation of the functional woc and is abolished by the presence of mg formation of the mniiii epr signal by addition of ca correlates with reduction of flashinduced cat indicating that calcium modulates the accessibility or reactivity of the mniiii core with ho we propose that calcium organizes the binding site for mn ions in the apowoc protein and may even interact directly with the mniiii pair via solvent or proteinderived bridging ligands
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quinacrine has been used for voluntary female nonsurgical sterilization for its ability to produce tubal occlusion safety issues regarding quinacrine have been raised because it has been shown to intercalate with dna therefore safety issues need to be resolved by appropriate toxicology studies to support a review for human transcervical use such toxicology studies include mutagenicity assays here we report an DUE of the genotoxicity of quinacrine dihydrochloride dihydrate qh using a battery of assays in the bacterial mutagenicity CA qh was strongly positive in salmonella typhimurium tester CS ta with and without sactivation and in s typhimurium tester strain ta with sactivation qh was also strongly positive in escherichia coli wp uvra without sactivation qh was not mutagenic in s typhimurium tester strains ta and ta with and without sactivation qh was mutagenic in the MLA in the absence of sactivation qh was clastogenic in chinese hamster ovary cho cells with and without sactivation qh was negative for polyploidy in the same chromosome aberration test using a triple intraperitoneal i.t. treatment protocol in both male and female mice qh was negative in the in vivo mouse micronucleated erythrocynd to identify predictors of clinical disease progression including the possible effect of psa doubling time psadt
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fundamental procedure of arrhythmia surgery is to bock conduction of macroreentry or focal activation traditional cut and sew technique is effective to make a CB without any special devices although it is time consuming and there is some one risk surgical ablation devices are easily able to make a conduction block during surgery it could undergo the minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery mics maze procedure through the RA mini thoracotomy it is most important to make complete conduction block because incomplete ablation causes residual conduction resulting in recurrence of atrial fibrillation or atrial tachycardia moreover the left atrial clip is new surgical treatment for atrial fibrillation this device could avoid thrombus formation and make a conduction block arising from the left atrial appendage
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spigelian hernia is a rare clinical entity it has a subtle clinical presentation with vague abdominal pain that may warrant LS even though laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is increasingly popular laparoscopic repair of SH has not been adequately studied eight patients who underwent laparoscopic spigelian hernia repair are presented herein along with a description of our simple technique for mesh placement in addition literature review of laparoscopic repair of spigelian hernia is also presented our case series included six females and two males two patients presented acutely whereas the others presented with chronic pain laparoscopic repair was successfully performed in all of our patients with a mean operative time of minutes there were no postoperative complications or recurrence with a mean follow up of months our scroll technique for laparoscopic repair is simple and feasible it minimizes intracorporeal mesh manipulation facilitates mesh fixation to the anterior ABD wall and maintains a precise orientation of the mesh in relation to the defect
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glutaric aciduria type i ga i is an autosomal recessive disorder of lysine and tryptophan metabolism due to a deficiency in glutarylcoa dehydrogenase activity recent reports suggest that early diagnosis through newborn screening and initiation of preventive therapy result in improved functional outcome however detailed NP profiles of children with ga i are seldom reported and thus the impact of the disease on cognition motor abilities and behaviour remains uncertain
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carbon monoxide oxidation AP-1 cooa is a dimeric carbon monoxide co binding transcription factor that in the presence of co promotes the transcription of genes involved in co oxidation in rhodospirillum rubrum the off state inactive of feii cooa has his and pro as the two axial heme ligands in contrast in the on state which is active in dna binding the pro ligand bond has been replaced by co this occurs by the transient loss of the pro ligand thus generating a pentacoordinate heme that can bind co the AS on state of cooa has two major structural differences from the off state in addition to the displacement of the pro ligand by co there is a repositioning of long c helices at the dimer interface and a concomitant reorientation of the hinge region between the dna and effectorbinding domains within each monomer roberts et al j inorg biochem to better understand the relationship of these conformational changes we have removed the dnabinding domains and compared co binding to the truncated and fulllength protein the crystal structure of truncated feii cooa is the same as that of the effectorbinding domain of fulllength feii cooa including the relative orientation of the homodimer and the ligation environment of the heme thus removing the dnabinding domains has little obvious effect on the structure of cooa in the inactive off state however co binds about fold more tightly and about times more rapidly to truncated cooa the rate of co binding is known to be limited by the dissociation of the pro heme ligand puranik et al j biol chem therefore the absence of the dnabinding domain makes it easier for the pro ligand to dissociate from the heme iron which also makes it easier for truncated cooa to adopt the onstate structure
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it is highly probable that nutritionallyrelated geographic and SES AF may modulate the conversion of early stages of helicobacter pyloriassociated chronic active gastritis chronic SF gastritis csg and chronic deep gastritis cdg to CAG cag the factors would be diets low in antioxidant vitamins and other micronutrients in regions of the world and population CG with high socioeconomic level in which these modulating AF are absent chronic AS gastritis tends to stay in its early stages of csg or cdg and to predispose to duodenal ulcer on the contrary in regions and population CG with low SES level in which the modulating AF are present the frequency of cag increases markedly when cag becomes severe and diffuse hypochlorhydria ensues hypochlorhydria decreases the predisposition to duodenal ulcer while cag a precancerous lesion predisposes to GC of the intestinal type the real role of the modulating AF already mentioned could be elucidated doing a multicentric T0 to determine endoscopically and histologically in C1 series of dyspeptic patients from various regions of the world and with different socioeconomic levels prevalence rates of duodenal ulcer gastric ulcer GC helicobacter pyloriassociated cag and intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa and to correlate these prevalence rates with blood levels of antioxidant capacity and related micronutrients latin america because of its diversity in regions geographic characteristics and population socioeconomic C2 seems to be the ideal place to conduct a T0 of that type if the study could be performed it would undoubtedly constitute an important contribution to a better understanding of helicobacter pyloriassociated GD pathology
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two patients developed lhermittes sign T3 C2 spine fractures the patients were otherwise without evidence of spinal cord dysfunction both patients were studied with magnetic resonance scans of the C2 spine the magnetic resonance scans were normal the possible etiology of lhermittes sign in these patients is discussed the differential diagnosis including cervical spondylosis combined systems degeneration multiple sclerosis neoplasm and radiation myelopathy is reviewed these patients should be carefully evaluated clinically and flexionextension lateral C2 spine films as well as a complete blood count and IP smear should be obtained magnetic resonance scanning may have an important role in evaluating these patients magnetic resonance is exquisitely CS in detecting demyelination therefore we speculate that subarachnoid scarring may be responsible for this symptom gadoliniumenhanced magnetic resonance scanning may confirm the presence of such scarring in the future
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heat shock protein hsp and heat shock protein hsp chaperones are indispensable to lung CA cells for their survival and proliferation in this study we evaluated and compared anticancer potential of methylene blue mb as an hsp inhibitor novobiocin nb a wellknown hsp inhibitor and their combination
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cardiac fibroma is a rare benign tumor that occurs chiefly in children and rarely in adults most fibromas occur in the ventricles and may reach a very C1 size that complicates surgical removal herein we report the case of a yearold woman who presented with shortness of breath fatigue and lightheadedness and was found to have a à cm fibroma of the LV surgical resection was successful but days later she developed suddenonset severe MR due to partial disruption of the PL PTC muscle mitral valve replacement with a mm mechanical valve was performed five years later the patient remained well without evident tumor recurrence or cardiac dysfunctionmitral valve dysfunction with regurgitation has been reported to occur before immediately after and late after the resection of left ventricular fibromas to our knowledge this is the st report of subacute papillary muscle rupture T3 the resection of a left ventricular fibroma this case highlights the need to evaluate mitral valve CF by carefully inspecting the resection margins T3 surgery and interpreting the echocardiographic results during the acute subacute and late time frames
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the maintenance of fluid homeostasis is necessary for function of the neural retina however little is known about the significance of potential ï¬uid management mechanisms here we investigated angiopoietin angpt also known as ang a poorly characterized ligand for EC receptor tyrosine kinase tie in mouse retina MM by using genetic reporter fate mapping and in situ hybridization we found
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to assess the association between unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and spaceoccupying lesions patients have been reviewed they were divided into BL subclinical unilateral signs and PS and bilateral slowing in the median nerve conduction and unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome spaceoccupying lesions were investigated on the basis of PE and wrist imaging using plain radiographs and ultrasonograms of patients with unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome SOL were found in seven occult ganglion in five and occult calcified mass in two in contrast none of patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome and with subclinical carpal tunnel syndrome had spaceoccupying lesions we conclude that careful examination and wrist imaging on suspicion of local pathology especially a spaceoccupying lesion are needed when the condition is unilateral and the aetiology is not clear from the PH and on PCS examination
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the alphaadrenoceptor potency of thymoxamine and its two metabolites deacetylthymoxamine and demethyldeacetylthymoxamine were determined on the contraction of rat VD induced by noradrenaline the blood pressure increase induced by noradrenaline given iv to dogs and the contraction of the nictitating membrane induced by electrical stimulation in cats in vivo the three drugs were administered at x mol kg intravenously deacetylthymoxamine presented nearly the same alphablocking activity as the parent drug this was ascribed in vivo to the rapid deacetylation of thymoxamine demethyldeacetylthymoxamine was less active in vitro its pa was compared with for thymoxamine and for deacetylthymoxamine in vivo it was inactive in dog and less active than the other two drugs soon T3 its administration in the cat the oral ld values in the mouse for the three drugs were respectively and mmol kg for thymoxamine deacetylthymoxamine and demethyldeacetylthymoxamine
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the mechanisms underlying vasodilator effect of NIC on mesenteric resistance blood vessels and the role of CGRP-LI cgrpcontaining cgrpergic vasodilator nerves were studied in the rat MES vascular beds isolated from WR were perfused with krebs solution and perfusion pressure was measured with a pressure transducer in preparations with IN EC and contracted by perfusion with krebs solution containing methoxamine perfusion of nicotine microm for min caused a concentrationdependent vasodilator response without vasoconstriction the nicotineinduced vasodilation was markedly inhibited by hexamethonium nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist microm and blocked by guanethidine adrenergic neuron blocker microm either denervation by cold storage degrees c for h or adrenergic denervation by hydroxydopamine toxin for adrenergic SN mm for min incubation twice blocked the nicotineinduced vasodilation neither EC removal with perfusion of sodium deoxycholate mg ml for s nor treatment with L-NA nitric oxide synthase inhibitor microm atropine muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist nm or propranolol betaadrenoceptor antagonist nm affected the nicotineinduced vasodilation in S9 without EC treatment with CAP depleting cgrpcontaining sensory nerves microm or human cgrp cgrp receptor antagonist microm markedly inhibited the nicotineinduced vasodilation these results suggest that in the mesenteric resistanc artery of the rat nicotine induces vasodilation which is independent of the CF of the endothelium and is involved in activation of cgrpergic nerves it is also suggested that NIC stimulates presynaptic nicotinic cholinoceptors on adrenergic nerves to PR adrenergic neurotransmitters which then act on cgrpergic SN to release endogenous cgrp from the nerve
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finasteride is a potent alphareductase inhibitor that has shown limited success in men treated for benign prostatic hyperplasia success is defined as a decrease in the PS associated with urinary tract one and as increases in the urinary flow rate alphareductase is necessary for the prostatic conversion of testosterone to dihydrotesterone dht the specific steroid that stimulates prostate transitional zone growth finasteride reduces the size of the prostate gland by but this does not correlate well with improvement in symptoms finasteride is well absorbed after oral administration and while the rate of absorption may be slowed postprandially the presence of food has no effect on the total bioavailability finasteride is widely distributed but since its pharmacological effects are very specific to inhibition of alphareductase and since only the prostate gland the scalp and the genital skin contain high concentrations of this enzyme few adverse reactions will be seen in other organ systems finasteride undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism to essentially inactive metabolites which are eliminated through the bile and urine the terminal beta halflife tz is to hours but despite this slow accumulation occurs with multiple doses values of tz are higher in elderly men but no dosage adjustments are necessary likewise no dosage adjustments are necessary for patients with renal dysfunction since the metabolites which accumulate are relatively inactive and well tolerated and because greater faecal excretion of the metabolites occurs in these patients the effect of hepatic dysfunction on the metabolism of finasteride is unknown therapeutic doses of finasteride produce a rapid and pronounced effect in reducing both plasma and prostate tissue levels of dht doses below mgday do not produce much suppression of dht C2 and doses above mgday have little additional benefit a single dose of finasteride suppresses serum dht C2 for up to days longer than would be expected from the SS terminal beta halflife tz of the drug this is probably due to the high affinity that finasteride has for the alphareductase enzyme ST C2 increase in patients receiving finasteride but are not normally outside the upper limits of the normal range serum prostatespecific antigen psa levels decrease with finasteride administration the baseline for investigation of prostate cancer with elevated psa C2 should be onehalf of the normal range in NR to finasteride the prostate gland shrinks in volume by about urinary flow rate improves by approximately mls and symptoms are relieved the response to finasteride appears to be maximal at doses of mgday for most men receiving finasteride these effects will persist for at least the years that long term studies have been conducted serum dht levels increase again when finasteride therapy is discontinued probably resulting in the return of the hyperplasia decreased urine flow and obstructive symptoms finasteride is well tolerated with loss of libido and sexual potency being the most commonly reported adverse reactions no drug interactions with finasteride have been reported
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sequential electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes were studied at rest and during symptomlimited bicycle exercise in oligoasymptomatic patients T3 myocardial infarction mi the exercise tests were performed after the acute episode on days e and e in patients on days e and e in patients on days e e and e in patients all patients underwent an intensive PT during the second month after the mi all groups showed a significant increase in MWC and reduction in HR rate and ratepressure product at similar work load e and e vs e these changes were independent from the level of exercise pulmonary wedge pressure epwp on the average a reduction of pwp was observed in more compromised patients after training which became more marked at year at similar work load year after mi the cardiac index reduced in less compromised patients epwp greater than mm hg while it remained unchanged in patients with epwp less than or equal to mm hg continuation or interruption of the PCS training did not seem to affect the hemodynamic evolution the incidence of ST did not change from month to months and year T3 mi while both incidence and amount of ST significant electron microscopy but failed to separate the transferases from each other the three enzymes sedimented together with a population of empty vesicles to a density of approximately gml
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a fiberintube solidphase microextraction spme device was developed with copper wire and copper tube which was served as both the ATP and sorbent with high physical strength and good flexibility its morphology and surface properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive EDX it was coupled with high performance liquid chromatography hplc equipment by replacing the sample loop of sixport i.t. valve building the online spmehplc system conveniently using ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pahs as MM analytes SE conditions including sampling rate extraction time organic content and desorption time were investigated and optimized the copper fiberintube exhibits excellent extraction efficiency toward pahs with enrichment factors from to the established online spmehplc method provides good linearity μgl and low LOD μgl for pahs it has been used to determine pahs in water samples with recoveries in the range of repeatability on the same extraction tube is in the range of and repeatability among three tubes is in the range of compared with phthalates anilines and phenols the copper fiberintube possesses good SE selectivity for pahs the extraction mechanism is probably related to hydrophobic interaction and Ïelectronmetal interaction
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the control strategy and design of an acdcac igbtpmw power converter for pmsgbased variablespeed wind energy conversion systems vswecs T0 in gridloadconnected mode are presented vswecs consists of a pmsg connected to a acdc igbtbased pwm rectifier and a dcac igbtbased pwm inverter with lcl filter in vswecs acdcac SP converter is employed to convert the VL frequency variable speed generator SO to the fixed frequency fixed voltage grid the dcac SP conversion has been managed out using adaptive neurofuzzy controlled inverter located at the output of controlled acdc igbtbased pwm rectifier in this study the dynamic performance and SP quality of the proposed power converter connected to the gridload by SO lcl filter is focused on dynamic modeling and control of the vswecs with the proposed SP converter is performed by using matlabsimulink simulation results show that the SO Vc power and frequency of vswecs reach to desirable T0 values in a very short time in addition when pmsg based vswecs works continuously with the khz switching frequency the thd rate of voltage in the load terminal is
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the severe acute respiratory syndrome sars is a new lifethreatening NMRD which has its origins in guangdong province china where the earliest known cases were identified in november since then probable cases of sars have been reported in countries and the current cumulative number of cases is with deaths and a global fatality rate of the most frequently involved Az include china HK singapore canada vietnam and philippines most cases of sars to date have occurred in young adults and this disease appears to spread most commonly by close persontoperson contact involving exposure to infectious droplets and body fluids this transmission DP generally involves household members health zhikang with normal less than mmoll and elevated to mmoll fasting tg levels by and respectively p routine therapy had no significant effect on the fasting and PP lipid and apolipoprotein C2 the NC of tgauc was significantly related to the changes of fasting tg tc ldlc and hdlc levels after the treatment which were related to the changes of fasting apoai and apob levels significantly p xuezhikang was shown to be beneficial in the treatment of reflecting postprandial triglyceridemia in chd patients with normal and mildly elevated fasting tg levels
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regulated programmed cell death is crucial for all multicellular organisms cell death is essential in many processes including tissue sculpting during embryogenesis development of the IS and destruction of damaged cells the beststudied form of programmed cell death is apoptosis a process that requires activation of caspase proteases recently it has been appreciated that various nonapoptotic forms of cell death also exist such as necroptosis and pyroptosis these nonapoptotic cell death modalities can be either triggered independently of apoptosis or are engaged should apoptosis fail to execute in this commentary we discuss several regulated nonapoptotic forms of cell death including necroptosis autophagic cell death pyroptosis and caspaseindependent cell death we outline what we know about their mechanism potential roles in vivo and define outstanding questions finally we review data arguing that the means by which a cell dies actually matters focusing our discussion on inflammatory aspects of cell death
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metalinduced hypersensitivity is driven by tcell sensitization to metal ions although numerous metals are associated with the development of diffuse parenchymal lung disease berylliuminduced hypersensitivity is the beststudied to date this review focuses on the interaction between innate and adaptive immunity that leads to the OD of chronic beryllium disease after beryllium SE activation of the innate IS occurs through the engagement of aim of this phantom T0 was to assess the performance of asir in terms of a number of image SQ indices when different reconstruction blending levels are employed ct images of the catphan phantom were reconstructed using conventional FBP fbp and asir with reconstruction blending C2 of and noise noise PS nps contrasttonoise ratio cnr and modulation TF mtf were estimated for different scanning parameters and contrast objects noise decreased and cnr increased nonlinearly up to and respectively with increasing blending level of reconstruction also asir has proven to modify the nps curve shape the mtf of asir reconstructed images depended on tube loadcontrast and decreased with increasing blending level of reconstruction in particular for low radiation exposure and low contrast acquisitions asir showed lower performance than fbp in terms of spatial resolution for all blending C2 of reconstruction ct image SQ varies substantially with the blending level of reconstruction asir has the potential to reduce noise whilst maintaining diagnostic information in low radiation exposure ct imaging given the opposite R2 of cnr and spatial resolution with the blending level of reconstruction it is recommended to use an optimal value of this parameter for each specific clinical application
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discrimination based on raceethnicity sexual orientation and gender identity has been linked to many negative psychological and PCS health outcomes in previous research including increased SI two hundred lesbian gay bisexual transgender and queer lgbtq people of color poc were surveyed on their experiences of lgbtqbased discrimination racism mental health depression anxiety satisfaction with life and suicidal ideation in a national online study based in the united states a structural equation model sem was created and found that lgbtqbased discrimination exerted an indirect effect on suicidal ideation through MH racism exerted a direct effect on MH but was not associated with suicidal ideation in the sem the effects of lgbtqbased discrimination on mental health may be a key area for interventions to reduce SI in lgbtq poc psycinfo database record
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several recent important studies have clearly shown that a low PCS fitness represents a potent risk factor and even a predictor of both cardiovascular and allcauses morbidity and mortality as a consequence physical fitness assessment should be performed at the clinical level since when properly assessed it is a highly valuable health and life expectancy indicator based on the results of fitness assessment in a particular person and knowing hisher life style and daily PCS activity an individually adapted training program can be prescribed this training program will allow that person to develop hisher maximal physical potential while improving hisher PCS and mental health and attenuating the deleterious consequences of aging in fact PCS exercise is today proposed as a highly ERP means to treat and prevent major morbidity and mortality causes in industrialized countries most of these causes are associated with the aging process in order to be effective this type of MI should be directed to improve the aerobic capacity and strength in addition it should be complemented with work directed to improve the GA coordination and flexibility finally diet optimization and use of nutritional supplements and legal ergogenic aids are key elements to improve the PET capacity and health all of which is synonymous of antiaging interventions
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an autopsy case of a yearold male with FPD associated with multiple lewy HB in the cerebral cortex was reported his clinical symptoms began at the age of with the speech and actions indicative of a persecution complex accompanied by irritability and were followed by progressive PSD from the age of and PD since the age of he was in a state of akinetic mutism thereafter till his death at the age of autopsy disclosed in addition to the typical findings of FPD in the brain stem multiple intracytoplasmic lewy HB in mediumsized SN of the fifth and sixth layers of the CBF SC they were atypical in the sense that they did not have any haloes they were especially numerous in the cingulate gyrus in addition findings of nonspecific neuronal degeneration were obtained in the CBF SC such as cellular atrophy with massive deposition of LF pigments CE chromatolysis cell loss and cellular gliosis in the third fifth and C6 layers these neuronal findings were also prominent in the cingulate gyrus such senile changes as senile plaques or GVD were not found although there were a few foci of neurofibrillary degeneration in the HPC gyrus histochemically and electron microscopically no difference was observed in the constituents of lewy bodies between the BS and the CBF SC such autopsy findings and a review of the literature indicate that the dementia in this case may be related not only to the presence of lewy bodies but also to the abovedescribed nonspecific neuronal degeneration in the BL cingulate gyri and surrounding frontal gyri the standpoint of regarding a FPD with multiple lewy bodies in the cerebral SC as an independent disease entity was criticized
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isolated congenital CHB is almost invariably associated with the presence of antibodies to ssaro and ssbla antigens in the maternal circulation once established thirddegree congenital CHB is permanent however a lesser degree of autoantibodyassociated heart block in a fetus can be reversed if it is recognized and treated early enough with fluorinated glucocorticosteroids the only method available clinically for the recognition of firstdegree heart block in a fetus is measurement of the mechanical pr interval by pulsed doppler echocardiography this is the first report of a fetus in whom a diagnosis of firstdegree heart block and the consequent decision to intervene were based solely on this technique in addition the firstdegree HR block resolved CR T3 only weeks of dexamethasone treatment and the heart rhythm remained stable throughout the remainder of the pregnancy despite early discontinuation of therapy due to oligohydramnios
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investigated the clinical utility of the mcvaugh and grow suggestions that adjustment scale adj greater than or equal to t indicates faking bad and k greater than or equal to t or social desirability sd greater than or equal to t indicates faking good on the personality inventory for children pic in children aged to seen in a private feeforservice practice of psychology profiles that exceeded the fake bad criterion were found in of the cases but only one profile met fake good criteria in contrast to profiles below the faking bad criterion those profiles with adj greater than or equal to were associated with higher levels of family pathology a higher incidence of learning disabilities and a higher incidence of hyperactivity it was concluded that profiles that meet the adj greater than or equal to t criterion reflect psychopathology not faking
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we describe patients who presented with severe cardiac disability as a result of TI in the setting of severe coronary disease pertinent PCS findings were signs of RA HF a tricuspid regurgitant murmur and absence of left HR failure echocardiography and subsequent cardiac catheterization demonstrated significant tricuspid insufficiency dilated right ventricle impairment of right VF and preserved left VF two patients were treated successfully with devega annuloplasty symptomatic TI can be seen in the setting of coronary i.a. disease and when left ventricular CF is well preserved surgical correction is feasible
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esophagogastrectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus or cardia has been performed in patients with histologically proven HC thirtyone esophagogastrectomies were performed through a separate ABD and RA thoracic RPA in patients a left thoracoabdominal approach in five patients and without thoracotomy in two patients one patient had a colon interposition seven patients died after T0 as a result of anastomotic leakage in two patients hepatorenal in four patients and portal thrombosis in one patient the type of procedure did not influence mortality the most common postoperative complication was the OD of ascites and when associated with hepatorenal syndrome in four patients there was significant mortality p less than sepsis was present in the terminal stages of all nonsurvivors a prothrombin time less than or equal to of normal values was the only significant preoperative predictive factor of mortality with none of the three patients surviving below this level p less than it is concluded that the presence of cirrhosis is not a contraindication to esophagogastrectomy for carcinoma when curative resection can be undertaken hepatic reserve is the determinant factor of operative prognosis operative risk is acceptable if patients are classified as childs class a and prothrombin time is over of normal values operation should be delayed when acute alcoholic hepatitis is present intraoperative discovery of cirrhosis is not a contraindication to resection when the above criteria are met
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the linkage between blood grouprelated cell surface proteins and the detergentinsoluble material dim was estimated by flow cytometry using a panel of specific monoclonal antibodies mabs as a comparison of the antibodybinding capacity of IN and tritonxtreated cells studies were performed with k cells expressing endogenous or recombinant proteins and with human erythroid progenitors during their proliferation and differentiation in vitro glycophorin c gpc was found to be tritoninsoluble in both cellular models when expressed erythroid progenitors band remained tritoninsoluble glycophorin a gpa however behaved as tritonsoluble or insoluble according to the absence k or the presence erythroid progenitors of band respectively comparison of the cellular models regarding the proteins that compose the rh complex also indicated that rhd rhag and cd were resistant to triton SE in cells lacking band similarly rhag and cd remained predominantly tritoninsoluble in k cells and early progenitors before rh and band expression further analysis showed that the kell protein was dimassociated in contrast cd and darc fy proteins were not or were very poorly dimassociated additionally the adhesion molecules cd and lu were CR or partially resistant to detergent extraction respectively deletion of the lu cytoplasmic tail or its replacement by the cytoplasmic domain of gpc resulted in significant increase or decrease of the triton solubility of the transfected proteins respectively these data suggest that triton insolubility of lu results in part from direct att of its CT with the cytoskeleton we assume that this method should provide a useful tool to map interaction sites localized in the cytoplasmic domain of recombinant transmembrane proteins
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the multifaceted oncogene cmyc plays important roles in the development and progression of human CA recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the parfmdmp and the ribosomal protein rpmdmp pathways are both essential in preventing oncogenic cmycinduced tumorigenesis disruption of each pathway individually by parf deletion or by mdmcf mutation which disrupts rpmdm IB accelerates eμmyc transgeneinduced prebbcell lymphoma in mice at seemingly similar paces with median survival around and weeks respectively compared to weeks for eμmyc transgenic mice because parf can inhibit ribosomal biogenesis through its interaction with NPM npmb rna helicase ddx and rna polymerase i transcription termination factor ttfi it has been speculated that the parfmdmp and the rpmdmp pathways might be a single parfrpmdmp pathway in which parf activates p by inhibiting rp biosynthesis thus parf deletion or mdmcf mutation would result in similar consequences here we generated mice with concurrent parf deletion and mdmcf mutation and investigated the compound mice for tumorigenesis in the absence and the presence of oncogenic cmyc overexpression in the absence of eμmyc transgene the mdmcf mutation did not elicit spontaneous PT in mice nor did it accelerate spontaneous PT in mice with parf deletion in the presence of eμmyc Tg however mdmcf mutation significantly accelerated parf deletioninduced lymphomagenesis and promoted rapid metastasis we found that when parfmdmp and rpmdmp pathways are independently disrupted oncogenic cmycinduced p stabilization and activation is only partially attenuated when both pathways are concurrently disrupted however cmycinduced p stabilization and activation are essentially obliterated thus the parfmdmp and the rpmdmp are nonredundant pathways possessing similar capabilities to activate p upon cmyc overexpression
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an abnormal origin of the vertebral i.a. from the common i.c. vacc may occur on the right or left side with different embryonic mechanisms we describe a patient with a double developmental anomaly a right vacc and a right aortic arch the rotation of the aortic arch caused a twist of the embryonic mechanisms of vacc and misdirected the differential diagnosis of the embryonic mechanisms at first glance we discuss the pivotal points in differentiating the embryonic mechanisms of vacc
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etoposide phosphate etopophos BMS company princeton nj is a watersoluble derivative of etoposide a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin that is important in the treatment of a variety of malignancies including lung cancer germ SCT nonhodgkins lymphoma hodgkins lymphoma acute one etc because etoposide is poorly water soluble it must be dissolved in a polysorbate based solvent mixture which is moderately allergenic and requires a C1 volume of saline for administration etoposide phosphate is water soluble and is rapidly converted in vivo to etoposide by endogenous phosphatases because it is water soluble EP can be administered in volumes much smaller than those required with etoposide therapy permitting rapid intravenous administration in the OP setting we recently reported the results of a phase i T0 using etoposide phosphate on a bolus daily x schedule like others we demonstrated that EP has pharmacokinetic properties virtually MZ to those of etoposide our dosefinding study indicated that etoposide phosphate can be used in doses up to mgmd x every weeks in patients who have not had extensive prior chemotherapy and that a dose of mgm would be AGA for patients who had undergone multiple prior therapies or who had prior radiotherapy the doselimiting toxicity was neutropenia paclitaxel a microtubulestabilizing agent is active against a variety of solid and hematopoietic HM that overlap with those against which etoposide is AS because the mechanisms of action of these two agents differ it is logical to suppose that the combination of the two agents might produce some additive effect when used to treat cancers that respond to both individual agents we therefore undertook a phase i T0 using paclitaxel as a hour infusion in combination with a minute infusion of EP daily x every days we used the hour paclitaxel schedule because it has been shown to be less myelotoxic than longer infusions at the same doses our goal in this ongoing study is to determine the maximum tolerated doses of the two drugs in combination to determine the toxicities of the regimen and to assess its anticancer activity
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until recently considered as a minor health problem the role of bronchiectasis is now increasingly recognized new TPS drugs are being approved for treatment of bronchiectasis possibly they will offer better perspectives to bronchiectatic subjects with evolving course Az covered we provide an overview of aetiopathogenesis clinics and nonpharmacological management extending the topic of pharmacological treatment present therapies were extrapolated from other chronic lung diseases but newer promising specific drugs are being awaited therapy aims at improving mobilisation of bronchial secretions and if any reversing airflow one antibiotics are indicated to treat exacerbations eradicate or reduce sputum bacterial load expert commentary over the last years evidence is mounted that bronchiectatic subjects with accelerated course of disease should be referred to secondary and tertiary centres this requires increased awareness on the role and the frequency of BE in PC longterm continuous or cyclical use of antibiotics is recommended to stabilize or improve the course of evolving disease macrolides are a currently preferred option inhaled antibiotics are gaining importance and are the object of ongoing research interest practical challenges of inhaled antibiotic treatment remain the need of defining the best therapeutic regimen and optimizing true adherence
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verocytotoxin vtproducing escherichia coli vtec infection is associated with a spectrum of clinical manifestations that includes diarrhea HC and the hemolytic uremic syndrome hus the occurrence of hus in a minority of individuals in outbreaks of vtec infection is a CF of several pathogen and host AF pathogen AF include the inoculum size and serotype of the infecting CS horizontally acquired genetic elements known as pathogenicity islands and probably the vt type host AF that increase the risk of developing hus include age preexisting immunity gastric pH the use of antibiotics and antimotility agents and probably stress and genetic factors that modulate host response to infection such as innate immunity and toxin receptor type expression and CSD a better understanding of the pathogen and host determinants of hus can aid in the development of more effective public health strategies to reduce the risk of developing hus
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VF curves relating stroke work and left VVI enddiastolic pressure were generated in awake dogs during increases in preload produced by infusion of fluid and during increases in afterload produced by administration of phenylephrine the VVI CF curves produced by preloading were steeply upsloping whereas those produced by afterloading were essentially horizontal CO produced downward MSD of these horizontal curves but no change in slope this increases in afterload did not help to demonstrate the PET impairment produced by CO
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atp is proposed to be a L1 inhibitory neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal gi tract causing hyperpolarization and smooth muscle EC50 atp activates smallconductance caactivated k channels that are involved in setting the resting membrane potential and causing inhibitory junction potentials no reports are available examining the effects of atp on voltagedependent inward currents in gi smooth muscle cells we previously reported two types of voltagedependent inward currents in mu PT colonic myocytes a LT voltageactivated nonselective cation current ivnscc and a relatively highthreshold voltageactivated ltype ca current il here we have investigated the effects of atp on these currents external application of atp mm did not affect ivnscc or il in dialyzed cells atp mm increased ivnscc and decreased il in the perforated wholecell configuration utp and udp mm were more potent than atp on ivnscc adp decreased il but had no effect on ivnscc the order of effectiveness was utp udp atp adp these effects were not blocked by pyridoxal phosphateazobenzenedisulfonic acid ppads but the phospholipase c inhibitor u reversed the effects of atp on ivnscc atp stimulation of ivnscc was also reversed by protein kinase c pkc inhibitors chelerythrine chloride or bisindolylmaleimide i phorbol dibutyrate mimicked the effects of atp rtpcr showed that py is expressed by mu Tc myocytes and this receptor is relatively insensitive to ppads our data suggest that atp activates ivnscc and depresses il via IB of py receptors and stimulation of the phospholipase cpkc pathway
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in isolated rat atria microm bromoacetylalprenololmentane shifted the tension development curve for isoproterenol to the RA of the control curve T3 a h washout period no significant recovery of the isoproterenol concentrationresponse curve had occurred pretreatment of rat atrial CM with microm bromoacetylalprenololmentane resulted in an decrease in the concentration of betaadrenoceptors with no change in the kd value for iiodocyanopindolol IB to the receptors left the results indicated that bromoacetylalprenololmentane was an irreversible betablocker
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this study investigates rb ovarian mesothelial om cells exposed in vitro to a crude corpus luteum extract cle microgramsml the growth of om cells was evaluated by measuring the NC in cell number mean standard error of mean sem the number of cell population doublings cpd sem and the cell PDT in hours cpdt sem after days of culture in a serumpoor medium quantitative estimates of surface morphology changes were obtained by analyzing the total number mean no sem density mean no microns sem and lengthtodiameter ratio mean ld sem of microvilli om cells in control medium formed loosely cohesive monolayers and grew with a cpd of and a cpdt of hours the exposed SA of these cells was over microns and was covered in its epinuclear region by long and slender MV with a ld of the total number of microvilli in each control cell was with a density of microns in the epinuclear region and of microns in the remaining SA microns in contrast clerich cells cultures grew with a cpd of and a cpdt of hoursabstract truncated at words
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the polypyrimidine py tract of introns is required for efficient spliceosome assembly and splicing of premrnas a detailed mutational analysis of the py tract of an adenovirus intron was carried out utilizing a precursor in pieces vector system it was possible to synthesize py tract mutant premrnas that were otherwise identical the mutant premrnas that were otherwise identical the mutant premrnas were analyzed for in vitro splicing for formation of splicing complexes and for IB to proteins in the hela nuclear extract chimeric premrnas that contained the yeast CB point consensus sequence uacuaac and altered py tracts were also analyzed mutational analysis showed the following first any mutation in the py tract that affected splicing did so by interferring with complex a formation in spliceosome assembly second introduction of purines into the py tract is detrimental only if the length of the tract is shortened and if there is a reduction in the number of consecutive uracil residues third uracil and cytosine do not have equivalent functions in the py tract our results with chimeric premrnas also show that a strong py tract can partially replace a weak CB point CS and a strong branch point sequence can partially replace a weak py tract finally the one surprising finding obtained when examining protein binding was that a mutant premrna did not bind to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein c proteins and yet spliced close to wild type level
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effects of catecholamines microinjected into the supraoptic nucleus in the hypothalamus on urine outflow in rats which were loaded with water and anesthetized with ethanol were studied lnorepinephrine lepinephrine and lisoproterenol induced potent antidiuresis showing similar time courses to each other the ed values for lnorepinephrine lepinephrine and lisoproterenol were approx and nmol respectively the disomer of isoproterenol demonstrated no significant antidiuretic activity the effect of lnorepinephrine was inhibited strongly by preinjection of alpha and betaadrenoceptor antagonists the effect of dlisoproterenol was inhibited strongly by betaadrenoceptor antagonists but not affected by alphaadrenoceptor antagonist among the three catecholamines only lepinephrine induced a tachyphylaxis in the V2 effect visceral functions other than urine outflow such as blood pressure respiration rate heart rate and rectal temperature were not significantly changed by microinjecting antidiuretic doses of the catecholamines the results demonstrated that stimulation of alpha and betaadrenoceptors in the SO induced a potent V2 effect
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the cat retinogeniculocortical pathways are organized chiefly into two parallel independent neuronal streams one involving xcells of the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus and the other ycells development of the ycell pathway is more seriously affected by visual deprivation than is the xcell pathway and we reasoned that some insight into the underlying mechanisms of these effects could be gained from studies of normal OD we therefore injected horseradish peroxidase into physiologically identified x and ycell retinogeniculate axons to examine the postnatal OD of their terminations in kittens as we report here at weeks of age most OT axons can be identified physiologically as members of the x or ycell class xcell terminal fields in lamina a or a are wider at weeks than they are in adults while ycell terminal fields are narrower than in adults during the second and third postnatal months xcell terminal arbors progressively contract while ycell arbors expand so that by weeks of age the AD DP is seen these data and the results of our earlier study of the effects of monocular lid suture on these terminal arbors suggest that enlargement of ycell terminations in geniculate lamina aalent binding with nucleic acids and other suitable macromolecules in target cells in vivo andor ii whether activation of the agent in the cell was a necessary prerequisite for such IB using the criteria of resistance to exhaustive extractions with trichloroacetic acid andor organic solvents cledakrin was found to bind covalently with relatively little discrimination with i intracellular macromolecules including dna of cultured tumor hela cells dna base pairsone ledakrin molecule ii experimental animal tumor EA eat cells in vivo dna base pairsone ledakrin molecule iii bacterial Bs sb cells ledakrin linksone cell genome iv nadphfortified rat liver homogenates in vitro nmolmg microsomal protein under air these results far exceed the common C2 reported for alkylating agents or chemical carcinogens unlike ethylcquinacrine compared in vitro covalent macromolecules IB with ledakrin in vitro and most probably in vivo can be equated to nadphdependent activations by oxidoreductase systems and the presence of dna alone was not satisfactory in itself to attain ledakrin IB fractionation of the enzymatic digest of cassociated dna isolated from eat cells exposed in vivo to cledakrin by sephadex lh column chromatography followed by mass spectrometry analyses of modified nucleosides indicated that both mono and dinucleosidical ledakrin metabolites were the products of an in vivo reaction this implied that the lethal reaction of the drug could be its crosslinking of the target macromolecules andor its monofunctional attack on vitally important cellular components
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the efficacy of intense pulsed light ipl in remodeling the extracellular matrix of aged skin had been proven by an increasing number of PCTs however because of the lack of research about the underlying molecular and signaling mechanisms its efficiency had not been accepted universally a potential mechanism of ipl rejuvenation effects is due to its different effects on diverse cytokines the impact of ipl on them may determine the phenotype and prognosis of the aged skin we designed this T0 to evaluate the impact of ipl on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase mmp transforming growth factorβ tgfβ and the mitogenactivated protein kinase mapk signaling pathway in human skin fibroblasts and tried to T0 the respective functions of mapks as mediators of the mmp tgfβ secretion results showed that the mmp secretion was only enhanced by ipl at jcm while the tgfβ secretion was inhibited by ipl when the fluence was below jcm but enhanced at jcm meanwhile erk inhibitor pd decreased mmp secretion but did not show a significant influence on tgfβ jnk inhibitor sp increased the secretion of mmp and decreased the tgfβ secretion p inhibitor sb had no significant influence on mmp but increased the secretion of tgfβ our findings indicated that the bidirectional influence of ipl on the secretion of mmp and tgfβ is a potential mechanism of its skin rejuvenation effect and the secretion of these two cytokines can be mediated by mapks
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in functional mri studies TR suppression refers to the reduction of hemodynamic activation to repeated CS- presentation for example the repeated presentation of a face reduces the hemodynamic response evoked by faces in the fusiform gyrus the neural events that underlie repetition suppression are not well understood indeed in contrast to the HDR the facespecific n recorded from subdural electrodes on the VP occipitotemporal cortex primarily along the fusiform gyrus has been reported to be insensitive to faceidentity repetition we have previously described a facespecific broadband gamma hz response at ventral facespecific n CS that is functionally dissociable from the n in this T0 we investigate whether gamma and other components of the electroencephalogram spectrum are affected by faceidentity TR independently of the n participants viewed sequentially presented MZ faces at sites on and around the FG we found that face repetition modulated alpha hz lowgamma hz and highgamma hz synchrony but not the n these findings provide evidence of a spatially colocalized progression of face processing whereas the n reflects an initial obligatory response that is less sensitive to faceidentity TR the subsequent spectral fluctuations reflect more elaborative face processing and are thus sensitive to face novelty it is notable that the observed modulations were different for different frequency bands we observed TR suppression of broadband gamma but TR enhancement of alpha synchrony this difference is discussed with regard to an existing model of TR suppression and behavioral repetition priming
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we studied both inherited and acquired activated protein c apc resistance in a group of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome aps the apc resistance genotype was assessed using a pcrbased analysis for the factor v rq leiden mutation one patient with PAPS was found to be heterozygous for the FVL he and other family members were affected by severe thrombophilia and had a familial form of PAPS the apc resistance phenotype was assessed by measuring the prolongation of the APTT clotting time in response to apc it was found in five out of six patients with aps in one of them transiently we have found that the apc resistance phenotype is more frequent than the TT in primary aps it would seem that patients with thrombophilia should be investigated for apc resistance even if found to have antiphospholipid antibodies andor lupus anticoagulants
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sister chromatid exchange sce reflects an interchange of dna sequences between helices in a replicating chromosome this was initially accomplished by taylor and colleagues using tritiated thymidine incorporation followed by ARG the development of an elegant technique for differential IF of sister chromatids by incorporating a thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine brdu has greatly simplified the detection of sces in metaphase chromosomes in recent years the analysis of sce has been considered to be a highly CS and additional ie with chromosome aberrations end point for measuring mutageniccarcinogenic potential of various environmental agents and is increasingly being used to detect and differentiate among chromosome fragility human diseases that predispose to neoplasia attention has been focused to see if the induction of sces in lymphocyte cultures can be used as a reliable biological dosimeter for genetic risk assessment and to monitor the exposed populations several physical or preparatory as well as biological AF that modify the response and formation of sces make the monitoring difficult the purpose of this article is to review and analyze these AF to facilitate an ERP development of a standard protocol for sce testing and for appropriate DUE of test results this may also provide clues to understand the yet unknown molecular mechanisms and biological significance of sce formation
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this study has been designed to investigate possible potentiation of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone by estradiol and prolactin in augmenting weight and citric acid content of the rat lateral prostate using these parameters we hoped to indirectly assess the effect of estradiol and prolactin on alphareduction as it acts on the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotesterone in the first part of the study castrate and control rats were used to assess the effect of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone when supplemented with estradiol in the second part of the study castratehypophysectomized rats separated into three groups according to age and stage of maturation were used to assess the effect of prolactin in supplementing testosterone and dihydrotestosterone estradiol appears to have a greater effect on alphareduction than does prolactin however other pathways of androgen metabolism are altered by these agents these alternate pathways are discussed
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transient transfection of simian cos cells with a recombinant plasmid encoding the human transforming growth factor tgfbeta F0 protein results in the production of a latent biologically inactive protein upon acidification recombinant tgfbeta exhibits full biological activity including inhibition of ML epithelial cell growth stimulation of AI growth of murine embryonic fibroblasts and competition for tgfbeta receptor binding further analysis of CS media with antiserum to either a pro amino acid aa residues or mature aa peptide of the tgfbeta precursor suggests that tgfbeta similar to tgfbeta production in chinese hamster ovary cells gentry et al mol cell biol is initially synthesized as a larger precursor protein which is proteolytically cleaved to yield the mature aa transforming growth factor
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strength training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation nmes improve lowerlimb muscle function in dyspnoeic individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd however highfrequency nmes hfnmes and strength training have never been compared HH and effects of lowfrequency nmes lfnmes have never been studied in copd therefore the optimal training modality to improve lowerlimb muscle CF exercise performance and other patientrelated outcomes in individuals with severe copd remains unknown
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we investigated the contribution of different screening criteria to the prenatal PCD of down syndrome ds as well as other chromosomal anomalies in the jewish population in israel during and there was a significant decrease p in the incidence of ds livebirths during compared with which paralleled a marked increase in total prenatal testing and in ds cases detected prenatally private laboratories which perform amniocenteses mostly for women with a low risk of ds and without genetic counselling had a significantly lower detection rate compared with that of the genetic institutes which following genetic counselling test both women or years of age and women younger than years the detection of chromosomal anomalies other than ds was less affected by the reason for amniocentesis amniocentesis indicated by MS marker screening of women younger than years identified a greater number of chromosomal anomalies other than ds than amniocentesis based on age or years CT versus p prenatal detection of ds is most ERP when the indication for AC follows genetic counselling the increasing use of MS marker screening leads to a significant improvement in the positive PCD rate of chromosomal anomalies other than ds in young women
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rats given a liquid diet containing vv alcohol consume high quantities of alcohol within hr after cessation of the alcohol NI the animals will show alcoholwithdrawal reactions including a supersensitivity to harmineinduced tremor and an inhibition of exploratory behaviour in a neutral environment several drugs can overcome one or more of these alcoholwithdrawal reactions a reduction of the alcohol withdrawalinduced inhibition of exploration in terms of both the number of transits into the open field and the time spent in the open field was obtained with chlordiazepoxide ritanserin MIA and propranolol of these four compounds propranolol and mianserin were also AS against the supersensitivity to both and mgkg harmineinduced tremor chlordiazepoxide and ritanserin were only active against mgkg harmine other EDC that reversed the supersensitivity to harmineinduced tremor during alcohol withdrawal included buspirone fluoxetine haloperidol clonidine flunarizine and baclofen very limited effects on both alcoholwithdrawal reactions were observed with OND nimodipine and mk risperidone and sch were inactive these results demonstrate that some alcohol withdrawal reactions can be studied in a systematic way and that various pharmacological agents can differentially interact with these alcohol withdrawal reactions
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deep learning is now widely used as an efficient tool for medical image classification and segmentation however conventional ML techniques are still more accurate than deep learning when only a small dataset is available in this study we present a GA data augmentation strategy using perlin noise applying it to pixelbypixel image classification and quantification of various kinds of image patterns of diffuse interstitial lung disease dild using retrospectively obtained highresolution computed tomography hrct images from patients regionsofinterest rois for each of six classes of image patterns normal groundglass opacity Rt opacity honeycombing emphysema and consolidation were selected for deep learning classification by experienced thoracic radiologists for extravalidation the deep learning quantification of the six classification patterns was evaluated for hrct whole lung images for which handlabeled segmentation masks created by two experienced radiologists were available fusionnet a convolutional neural network cnn was used for training test and extravalidation on classifications of dild image patterns the accuracy of fusionnet with data augmentation using perlin noise and for roibased classification and whole lung quantifications by two radiologists respectively was significantly higher than that with conventional data augmentation and respectively this data augmentation strategy using perlin noise could be widely applied to deep learning studies for image classification and segmentation especially in cases with relatively small datasets
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nontypeable haemophilus influenzae nthi is an opportunistic pathogen that causes otitis media in children and communityacquired pneumonia or exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults a large variety of studies suggest that biofilm formation by nthi may be an important step in the pathogenesis of this bacterium the objective of this report was to determine the relationship between the presence of phosphorylcholine in the lipooligosaccharide of nthi and the level of biofilm formation the T0 was performed on nthi clinical isolates collected from OP samples of HC MEF of children with OM and sputum samples of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or communityacquired pneumonia nthi clinical isolates presented a C1 variation in the level of biofilm formation in a static CA and phosphorylcholine content isolates collected from the oropharynx and MEF of children tended to have more phosphorylcholine and made denser biofilms than isolates collected from sputum samples of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or CAP no rho was observed between biofilm formation and the presence of phosphorylcholine in the lipooligosaccharide for either planktonic or biofilm growth this lack of rho was confirmed by abrogating phosphorylcholine incorporation into lipooligosaccharide through lica gene deletion which had strainspecific effects on biofilm formation altogether we present strong evidence to conclude that there is no correlation between biofilm formation in a static CA and the presence of phosphorylcholine in lipooligosaccharide in a large collection of clinical nthi isolates collected from different CG of patients
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the number of patients with rectal cancer ist increasing steadily in the brd even if diagnosis of early stages of RC is not too difficult the fatal diagnostic delay is months on the average T3 operative methods have been subtilized and radicalized only preventive medical examinations and early public instruction may improve the prognosis of the patients concerned additional treatment with cytostatical agents seems to be promising if preventive medical care makes it possible to detect RC in its early stages the same operative results can be obtained by the meanwhile developed continencepreserving methods as by the hitherto carried out widespread and continencesacrificing rectal resection as our own experiences prove
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tumor necrosis factorcachectin tnfc is the principal mediator of bacterial endotoxininduced shock and death we found that the chhej mouse which is less able to produce tnfc in response to endotoxin has a fold greater susceptibility to lethal infection with escherichia coli than the tnfresponsive congenic mouse chhen this surprising finding suggested that this lethal peptide may also be involved in host protection to test this hypothesis we pretreated the chhej mouse with a combination of recombinant murine tnfcalpha and il alpha this combination protected these mice against an intraperitoneal bacterial challenge of greater than lds nearly x cfu that grew to a level of greater than cfuml of blood and per gram of liver in untreated mice this suggests a significant role for these cytokines in host defenses against invasive infections that require bacterial replication within the host these protective mechanisms may not be important for less virulent organisms these findings may have important implications for the proposed use of antitnfc agents in the treatment of SS
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the main neuronal systems containing substance p are summarized on the basis of immunohistochemical evidence the substance p striatonigral projection is one of the most conspicuous of these electron microscopic studies using the peroxidaseantiperoxidase technique reveal some heterogeneity in the substance pimmunostained material in the substantia nigra immunoreactivity for the peptide is found in terminals establishing both symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses with substantia nigra dendrites SP-IR in the SG of the TG nerve and in the skin of the TG territory was found to be depleted T3 sensory denervation electron microscopy showed that in this area of the rat BB substance pimmunoreactive elements are largely associated with dendrites and establish asymmetrical axodendritic synapses SP-IR terminals synapsing with PSDs were also observed ie dendrites that themselves are presynaptic to other dendrites the origin of substance pcontaining MF in the prevertebral ganglia has been investigated in the guineapig by combining surgical procedures and immunohistochemistry only procedures which disconnected dorsal root ganglia from prevertebral ganglia depleted substance p immunofluorescence in the latter this substance pimmunoreactive material disappeared C2 of CAP electron microscopic studies in prevertebral ganglia show that substance pimmunoreactive varicosities establish axodendritic contacts with the sympathetic SN these observations provide strong evidence for direct synaptic sensoryautonomic interactions in the prevertebral ganglia involving substance pcontaining collaterals of peripheral sensory nerve MF
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handgrip hg exercise has been prescribed as a lifestyle MI to successfully reduce resting blood pressure bp among heterogeneous CG of participants current hg protocols have limited accessibility due to complicated exercise prescriptions and sophisticated required equipment therefore this research describes the design and evaluation of the maximal intermittent mint hg exercise strategy consisting of both a novel exercise protocol à seconds maximal grip squeezes separated by seconds of rest between sets and an original grip tool this research was a multistep progressive design that included PM women as participants in three separate research studies part of this research focuses on the mint exercise protocol a literatureinformed rationale for the design of the protocol is described this includes exercise intensity worktorest ratio and total exercise duration with reference to the unique physiology mechanoreflex and metaboreflex of postmenopausal women subsequent exp analyses of acute responses to the mint protocol revealed that women produced of their maximum grip force with moderate cardiovascular responses increases of SBP mmhg diastolic bp mmhg HR rate bpm that remained far below the thresholds of concern identified by the american college of sports medicine part of this research describes the creation of a novel grip tool beginning with a mixedmethods assessment of participant opinions regarding two distinct inlaboratory grip tools leading to the creation of four prototype mint tools structured focus groups revealed a strong preference for mint prototype for all tool design features including color shape size and foam grip collectively the result of this multistep research is a novel hg exercise strategy with enhanced accessibility by being easy to understand and simple to execute the LT training effectiveness of mint as an exercise MI for the reduction of resting bp has yet to be determined
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food lectins are known to affect the absorption of nutrients in exp animals and altered morphology of the intestinal mucosa due to prolonged FF of lectins is suggested to be the cause however toxic symptoms appear in humans immediately T3 consumption of lectin rich foods and the mechanism of this immediate action is not known this T0 reports the immediate effect of concanavalin a con a and phaseolus vulgaris lectin phap on the absorption of ca and sucrose in rat intestine and the possible role of lectinmembrane interactions in the process alpha was lowered by con a and this was observed to be due to con a interacting with the intestinal mucosal membrane similarly SU absorption was also altered probably due to con a IB the intestinal mucosal membrane on the other hand phap did not have any effect on either SU or calcium absorption results indicate that the effect on intestinal nutrient absorption depends on the type of lectin used and its concentration as well as the type of nutrient besides the duration of SE of intestinal mucosa to the lectin
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recent work has shown that thymopoietin a polypeptide with actions in the immune and nervous systems potently binds to the alphabungarotoxin alphabgt receptor the present study was done to characterize the interaction of TP at the nicotinic alphabgt binding site in cultured muscle cells and to correlate these findings with the effects of the polypeptide on nicotinic receptormediated function inhibition studies showed that thymopoietin potently inhibited ialphabgt binding in c muscle cells in SC with an ic of nm a value similar to that for alphabgt thymopoietin bound to the alphabgt receptor in the cells in SC relatively slowly at m TP maximal inhibition occurred after to min of exposure to the polypeptide dissociation of TP from the receptor exhibited a much longer time course recovery of alphabgt IB to control values after SE to m TP occurred approximately hr after removal of the polypeptide the effects of thymopoietin on ialphabgt IB correlated well with those on nicotinic CF TP potently inhibited nicotinic receptormediated na uptake in muscle cells in culture with an ic of nm this effect was dependent on the length of the preincubation period with TP with maximal inhibition occurring T3 min of exposure to the polypeptide recovery of the functional response after TP m SE required about hr the mode of inhibition of receptormediated ion flux by thymopoietin was similar to that observed with alphabgt but distinct from that obtained with dtubocurarine and gallamine to conclude thymopoietin a thymic polypeptide associated with the immune system potently inhibited both ialphabgt IB and nicotinic receptormediated CF in c muscle cells these findings may have implications for MG andor other NM disorders
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gated RN VG was evaluated as a noninvasive method of quantifying right VF in dogs with experimentally induced congestive HF gated radionuclide VG measurements of right ventricular CF right ventricular ejection fraction right ventricular average emptying rate and right VVI average filling rate were related to standard hemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements CHF was induced by RVP in eight normal dogs hemodynamic echocardiographic and gated RN ventriculography measurements were obtained before and T3 OD of biventricular failure congestive HF resulted in significant changes in all hemodynamic echocardiographic and gated radionuclide ventriculography measurements with the exception of systemic arterial pressure RA VVI ejection fraction was inversely related to pulmonary artery systolic diastolic and mean pressure and right ventricular average emptying rate was inversely related to the pulmonary i.a. systolic diastolic and mean pressure RA ventricular ejection fraction was inversely related to left ventricular filling pressure PCW pressure neither the echocardiographic measurements of right ventricular size RA ventricular internal diastolic dimension nor the RA ventricular enddiastolic pressure were related to right VVI ejection fraction and right VVI average emptying rate however echocardiographic measurements of RVD were related to right ventricular filling pressure the gated radionuclide VG indexes of RA VF right VVI ejection fraction and RA VVI average emptying rate are affected by afterload but unaffected by preload whereas the echocardiographic measurement of RVD is related to preload gated RN VG provides RA ventricular data which is unique from that obtained by standard echocardiographic imaging also gated radionuclide VG has potential value as a noninvasive means of estimating a NC in pulmonary i.a. pressure
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the widespread use of phthalates results in human exposure phthalates are rapidly metabolized to their respective monoesters and other oxidative products which are glucuronidated and excreted through the urine and feces several in vivo studies showed that some phthalates in particular diethylhexyl DHP dehp diethyl phthalate dep dinbutylphthalate dnbp and nbutylbenzylphthalate bbzp are able to interact with the human endocrine system interfering with the reproduction ability in this study couples were recruited from a centre of assisted reproduction spot urine samples were collected and five urinary metabolites of the above phthalates were determined using an hplcmsms analytical method with isotopic dilution the results were compared with those of couples of parents of one or more children and the statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two CG in terms of urinary concentrations of phthalates metabolites a further step will be the rho of these results with information on the life styles and working conditions collected through a specifically designed questionnaire
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diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease that has become a global epidemic with more than million cases worldwide L1 medical advances over the past decades have substantially improved its management extending patients survival the latter is accompanied by an increased risk of developing chronic macro and microvascular complications amongst them DR dr is the most common and frightening furthermore during the past two decades it has become the leading cause of visual loss irrespective of the type of diabetes dr follows a wellknown clinical and temporal course characterized by PCs and neuronal cell loss formation of acellularoccluded capillaries occasional microaneurysms increased leucostasis and thickening of the V1 basement membrane these alterations progressively affect the integrity of retinal MV leading to the breakdown of the bloodretinal barrier widespread haemorrhage and neovascularization finally tractional retinal detachment occurs leading to blindness nowadays there is growing evidence that local inflammation and oxidative AS play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of dr both processes have been associated with PCs and neuronal degeneration observed early during dr progression they may also be linked to sustained retinal vasculature damage that results in abnormal neovascularization currently dr therapeutic options depend on highly invasive surgical procedures performed only at T3 stages of the disease and which have proved to be ineffective to restore visual acuity therefore the availability of less invasive and more effective strategies aimed to prevent or delay the onset of dr is highly desirable multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells mscs are promising healing agents as they contribute to tissue regeneration by pleiotropic mechanisms with no evidence of significant adverse events here we revise the pathophysiology of dr to identify therapeutic targets for donor mscs also we discuss whether an mscbased therapy could prevent or delay the onset of dr
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both thrombin and collagen induced the phosphorylation of tyrosine in numerous proteins in platelets with collagen causing the phosphorylation of an additional kda protein thrombininduced phosphorylation was markedly inhibited when camp was elevated with iloprost ILO or the combination of iloprost inhibitors of positive FB and cytochalasin d also partially inhibited collageninduced phosphorylation by contrast iloprost had no effect on phosphorylation induced by collagen in the presence of inhibitors of positive FB by released adp txa and fibrinogen and in platelets containing bapta to prevent increases in cytosolic ca the results indicate that collageninduced IMT phosphorylation may be a fundamental pathway in hemostasis which can function even when PLT camp is elevated
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during the past years magnetic resonance imaging mri has been established as a reliable method for examination of the kidneys modern mri systems enable to visualize renal masses with a high spatial resolution this enables not only to differentiate between benign lesions and renal CA but also to define the pT with high accuracy the impact of a precise preoperative staging has increased significantly due to stage adapted therapy approaches such as nephron sparing surgery or local ablative techniques eg radiofrequency ablation tumorrelated infiltration of the renal pelvis infiltration of the perinephric fat or a tumor thrombus within the inferior caval vein has to be diagnosed with high accuracy to enable these stage adapted treatment regimens this article introduces into clinically established morphologic mri techniques for diagnosis and staging of renal cell carcinoma rcc besides PCD and staging of kidney cancer the recent development of molecularly targeted therapies in patients with M1 or nonoperable PT has led to novel diagnostic demands to evaluate treatment efficiency more information than just RT morphology should be provided PET imaging techniques including dynamic contrast enhanced dce mri diffusion weighted imaging dwi arterial spin labeling asl and mrspectroscopy are being investigated in preclinical and PCTs while some new techniques have shown promising results for a broad clinical application others seem to be suited for dedicated questions only
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the presence of ipsilateral IO neurons during PN OD of the olivocerebellar projection in the rat was investigated by two in vitro axonal tracing methods and by the axotomy of one olivocerebellar tract the experiments were carried out before p during pp and T3 p the period of multiple innervation of PCs by CFs according to present results ipsilateral inferior olivary neurons are distributed on all analyzed days throughout the entire VPI olive cell counts after axotomy experiments demonstrated that they represent a small population of inferior olivary neurons whose number oscillated between in young animals pedunculotomized at p and killed at p and in older ones pedunculotomized at p and killed at p this experiment confirmed that most of these neurons are eliminated during the regressive events that take place during normal OD of the olivocerebellar projection and few ipsilateral IO neurons however survive at p but their significance is still unclear
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singlecell analysis by flow cytometry has enabled us to analyze the effects of a PDBu and known tumour promoter tpa on the phenotypes of four tumour lines tpa is capable of triggering a variety of cellular alterations that can affect gene expression and the biochemical balance of intracellular events we have investigated the effect of tpa on such properties as rate of proliferation differentiation expression of cell surface molecules and susceptibility to NK killer nk CMC four human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines k molt raji and hl were studied in their response to tpa treatment based on measurements of the defined cellular properties we have characterized the pleiotropic responses of each tumour cell line to the phorbol ester in relation to intensity and time of ON of each response the effects of tpa are highly varied ranging in time of onset from minutes to days and in intensity from strong to weak within the four cell lines studied however within all the processes that are affected the activation of protein kinase c appears to be a common initiating event of phorbol ester induction
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hyperuricaemia is a constant finding in patients with heart failure hf upregulated xanthineoxidase activity seems to contribute to progression of the disease through the production of oxidative stress and the OD of V1 and endothelial dysfunction on this basis we speculated that in hf serum uric acid levels correlated with a reliable marker of EC dysfunction as UAE
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germany was declared officially free from bovine tuberculosis btb ERP from july after the occurrence of several mycobacterium m bovis outbreaks in northwestern germany in recent years with high intraherd prevalence at the time of PCD the reliability of abattoir surveillance as the principal component of the national btb control programme was debated by veterinary public health officials rising numbers of wildlifeassociated outbreaks caused by m caprae in southern germany eventually prompted a nationwide crosssectional T0 on btb a total of cattle that is of the national herd kept on of german cattle farms were tested despite positive and inconclusive single intradermal comparative C2 test results none of the animals was confirmed as btbpositive by a subsequent interferonrelease assay or by postmortem pcr testing the estimated prevalence of btb in germany was thus calculated as ci affirming that germany still qualifies as an officially tuberculosisfree otf country occasional randomized nationwide testing can be an appropriate tool to reassure the otf status and may also help to maintain an appropriate training level for the diagnostic procedures and for supporting sustained disease awareness among stakeholders
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postprandial plasma glucose insulin and cpeptide profiles were studied in eight normal subjects in the afternoon or in the evening two to five synchronous oscillations with a mean period of to min were detected the oscillations were highest T3 meals and were then damped reverting to fasting C2 after up to min additional ST oscillations with periods of min and min were observed crosscorrelation studies of glucose and insulin and of insulin and cpeptide revealed a high correlation in the frequency bands considered the synchronous oscillations of insulin and cpeptide suggest cyclic variations in pancreatic secretion rather than cyclic changes in insulin degradation
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prolyl endopeptidase pep is a serine protease that cleaves small MMP at the carboxyl side of lproline pep has been reported to have important functions in the BB being implicated in learning and memory processes psychological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases several pep substrates have been shown to play a role during brain development and this observation led us to investigate the expression of pep mrna in the rat BB and spinal cord from embryo to AD stages in situ hybridization revealed that pep mrna is expressed early from embryonic day notably in germinative Az including the neocortical HPC pallidal thalamic anterior hypothalamic tectal cerebellar pontine and medullary neuroepithelia pep mrna was also found in the differentiating fields of the olfactory bulb the orbital and cingulate SC the HPC formation the cortical plate and the subventricular zone of the cortex quantitative rtpcr analysis in various brain Az and the spinal cord showed that pep mrna C2 are more abundant during the perinatal stages coinciding with a period of neuronal migration and differentiation from then on pep mrna expression decreased reaching its lowest levels at adulthood overall the present data support the possibility that pep exerts specific functions related to neurodevelopment besides those proposed to date
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the effects of highintensity shortduration rewarmups on teamsportrelated performance were investigated in a randomised crossover study participants performed Ãmin periods of an intermittent activity protocol iap on a nonmotorized treadmill interspersed by min of passive recovery con min smallsided game ssg or a rm legpress measures included countermovement jump repeatedsprint the loughborough soccer passing test lspt blood lactate concentration heartrate and perceptual measures data were analyzed using effect size confidence intervals and percentage NC determining magnitudes of effects a rm rewarmup improved flighttime to contractiontime ratio when compared to ssg es ± and con es ± rewarmups remaining higher following the second iap es ± and es ± respectively relativemaximum rateofforce development was greater in the rm condition following the second iap compared to ssg es ± and con es ± repeatedsprint ability during the second iap improved in the rm rewarmup peak velocity mean velocity and acceleration were and greater respectively within groups the ssg rewarmup improved lspt performance postintervention es ± and following the second iap es ± compared to preintervention a rm legpress rewarmup improved PCS performance while a ssg rewarmup enhanced skill execution following standardized intermittent exercise
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a miniature cylindrical ITMS featuring an atmospheric pressure interface allowing atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and ESI is described together with its analytical performance characteristics the vacuum system ion optics mass analyzer control electronics system and detection system have all been designed and built inhouse the design is based upon a threestage differentially pumped vacuum system with the instrument capable of being interfaced to many types of API sources ions are transferred through homebuilt ion optics and SF-36 control is achieved through customdesigned electronics and labview control software corona discharge ionization and ESI sources are implemented and used to allow the analysis of both gaseous and solutionphase samples during the characterization of the SF-36 an upper m/z limit of approximatelds ratios for the responder rate efficacy measure and withdrawal rate mainly tolerability measure of lev and other new aeds versus PL because no headtohead clinical trials comparing these new aeds exist adjusted indirect comparisons were then made between levetiracetam and each other aed using the metaanalysis results at the doses tested levetiracetam was more ERP in terms of responder rate than GBP odds ratio with ci and lamotrigine odds ratio with ci and equally well tolerated lev had a significantly lower withdrawal rate than topiramate odds ratio with ci and oxcarbazepine odds ratio with ci with comparable efficacy although levetiracetam did not differ significantly from the other aeds numerical trends favoring lev were obtained in response rate and in withdrawal rate TGB zonisamide indirect comparisons based on metaanalysis suggest that addon therapy with lev has a favorable responder andor withdrawal rate relative to several aeds in patients with partial epilepsy with doses used in PCTs these metaanalyses give only shortterm tau and safety data comparative PCTs and longterm studies of these agents are needed to confirm these findings
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in this T0 we assessed the CSD of cortical SN immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase th in prefrontal cortical regions of humans and nonhuman primate species immunohistochemical methods were used to visualize thimmunoreactive thir SN in areas DL prefrontal SC and anterior paracingulate cortex the T0 sample included humans great apes chimpanzee bonobo gorilla orangutan one lesser ape siamang and old world monkeys golden guenon patas monkey olive baboon moor macaque black and WG colobus and françois langur the percentage of neurons within the SC expressing th was quantified using computerassisted stereology thir SN were present in layers v and vi and the subjacent VWM in each of the old world monkey species the siamang and in humans thir cells were also occasionally observed in layer iii of human siamang baboon colobus and françois langur cortex cortical cells expressing th were notably absent in each of the great ape species quantitative analyses did not reveal a phylogenetic trend for percentage of thir neurons in these cortical areas among species interestingly humans and monkey species exhibited a bilaminar DP of thir axon distributions within prefrontal regions with layers iii and layers vvi having the densest contingent of axons in contrast the great apes had a different pattern of laminar innervation with a remarkably denser distribution of thir axons within SL iii it is possible that the CA afferent input to SL iii in chimpanzees and other great apes covaries with loss of thir cells within the cortical mantle
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isolated preparations of rabbit anococcygeus muscle were exposed to electrical field stimulation efs v ms duration hz for periods of s shortterm efs or min h longterm efs both short and longterm efs caused a contractile response which was enhanced by the nitric oxide no synthase inhibitor ngnitrolarginine lnoarg showing that it is modulated by endogenous no in preparations treated with scopolamine and guanethidine and in which a constrictor tone was induced by histamine both short and LT efs resulted in relaxation of the tissue such relaxations were reversed by tetrodotoxin ttx CTX inhibitors of no synthase and the no scavenger oxyhaemoglobin indicating that they are neuronal in origin and nitrergic in nature the relaxations to LT efs persisted for the duration of the stimulation and were associated with sustained release of oxidation products of no nox the efsinduced PR of nox was decreased by niminoethyllornithine lnio an inhibitor of no synthase and by ttx inhibitors of no synthase in addition increased the basal tone of the tissue and reduced the basal output of nox the basal output of nox was also reduced by ttx longterm efs which induces approximately of the maximum relaxation could be enhanced by addition of l but not d arginine to the perfusion medium these data show that there is a continuous basal PR of no from nitrergic nerve terminals which maintains a relaxant tone in the rabbit anococcygeus muscle in addition no is released during short and LT efs which further relaxes the preparation and modulates sympathetic transmission activation of the largimne no pathway for periods up to h does not exhaust nitrergic transmission in any appreciable way
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accumulating evidence has suggested the importance of hypoxia in the initiation and development of AS lesion and hypoxia has a profound impact on endothelial cell properties during cardiovascular disease processes PF isolated from the root of paeonia lactiflora pall can protect EC cells from hypoxic damage in a variety of ways such as by enhancing the production of nitric oxide no and decreasing the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule icam and V1 cell adhesion molecule vcam this study evaluated the protective effects of PF against cobalt chloride cocl a hypoxiamimicking agentinduced apoptosis of EC cells crl and the underlying mechanisms in vitro EC cells were exposed to cocl with or without i.c.v. with different concentrations of PF T3 treated with mm cocl for h endothelial cells showed significant decrease in cell viability and increased apoptosis rate which could be reversed by i.c.v. with paeoniflorin similarly pretreatment with paeoniflorin could prevent coclinduced hypoxiainduced factorα hifα accumulation and downregulate the expressions of p and bcladenovirus eb kda interacting protein bnip these findings indicate that paeoniflorin had effective protection against hypoxiainduced apoptosis of endothelial cells and that hifα p and bnip might be involved in this process
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endotoxin activates complement and WBCs and all are implicated in the pathologic effects of cardiopulmonary bypass cpb we investigated if reduction in intestinal bacterial load with a laxative andor pulsatile perfusion to improve bowel circulation during cpb reduced endotoxemia and complement and white blood cell activation sixty patients were randomized to four groups in a x factorial structure group no laxative nonpulsatile perfusion group laxative nonpulsatile perfusion group no laxative PP and group laxative pulsatile perfusion plasma concentrations of endotoxin ca and ca and granulocyte PE ge were measured before anesthesia skin incision and heparin administration during cpb and minutes and T3 protamine administration and T3 cpb at and hours and days in all groups there was a small increase in the concentration of endotoxin overall from ngl before cpb to ngl at to minutes p and significant increases in ca ca and ge C2 but no significant differences among the CG endotoxin C2 did not correlate with activation of complement or WG blood cells there was a weak rho between duration of cpb and levels of ca r p and ge r p but not endotoxin or ca there was a GA correlation between C2 of ca and ge but not in individual patients in conclusion cpb results in statistically significant increases in endotoxin ca ca and ge during cpbabstract truncated at words
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protein folding intermediates are often imperative for overall folding processes and consequent biological functions however the low population and transient nature of the intermediate states often hinder their biochemical and biophysical characterization previous studies have demonstrated that bacillus subtilis ribonuclease p protein p protein is conformationally heterogeneous and folds with multiphasic kinetics indicating the presence of an equilibrium and kinetic intermediate in its folding mechanism in this T0 nuclear magnetic resonance nmr spectroscopy was used to study the ensemble corresponding to this intermediate i the results indicate that the NT and CT helical regions are mostly unfolded in i hân heteronuclear singlequantum coherence nmr spectra collected as a CF of ph suggest that the protonation of his may play a L1 role in the energetics of the equilibria among the unfolded intermediate and folded state ensembles of p protein nmr paramagnetic PRE experiments were also used to locate the small anion IB CS in both the intermediate and folded ensembles the results for the folded protein are consistent with the previously modeled binding regions these structural insights suggest a possible role for i in the rnase p holoenzyme assembly process
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the localization of damino acid oxidase in rat cerebellum was systematically studied in serial fixed sections at the levels of both CS and electron microscopy using a coupled peroxidation method based on the intensifying effect of nickel ions deposits were only seen in astrocytes and bergmann glial cells and not in neuronal components EC cells or ependymal cells in the molecular SL heavy deposits were present in the profiles of bergmann glial processes around the complexes of synapses where the parallel fiber varicosities form synapses with the thorns emerging from the spiny branchlets of purkinje cell dendrites in the purkinje cell layer the oxidasecontaining processes of bergmann glial cells enveloped basket cell axons theih altered synthetic and secretory mechanisms may be detected
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