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larginine administration may be useful for the treatment of IUGR but concerns remain about effective precursors for administration into Pr dams therefore we used an ovine MM to test the hypothesis that infusion of lcitrulline into the maternal circulation increases larginine availability to the fetus on d of gestation ewes received an iv bolus dose of lcitrulline micromolkg body weight or the same dose of largininehcl maternal and fetal arterial blood samples were obtained simultaneously at and min relative to the time of CAA administration concentrations of arginine in maternal plasma increased to peak values within min after its injection in ewes and declined rapidly thereafter whereas concentrations of Arg in fetal plasma increased between and min and returned to baseline values by min in contrast administration of citrulline increased concentrations of citrulline and Arg in maternal and fetal plasma between and min and values remained elevated thereafter the differential pharmacokinetics for arginine compared with citrulline infusion was consistent with the observation that the halflife of citrulline was twice that of Arg in ewes we conclude that iv administration of citrulline is more ERP than Arg in sustaining high concentrations of arginine in the maternal and fetal circulations of pregnant ewes these novel findings provide support for studies of the clinical use of arginine and citrulline as therapeutic means to prevent or ameliorate fetal growth retardation in mammals
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we have previously demonstrated that CE administration of interleukin ilbeta suppresses NK killer nk cell activity impairs nkmediated lung clearance of RT cells and enhances RT colonization the CE pathways G1 by ilbeta are as yet unknown using an in vivo model of RT colonization this T0 examined the role of CE noradrenergic opioid and prostaglandin mechanisms in mediating the effect of ilbeta on lung clearance of tumor cells we demonstrate that central NE and opioid systems are not critically involved in this effect neither depletion of CE NE pathways or administration of the opioid antagonist naltrexone ug blocked the impaired lung clearance of madb RT cells induced by CE administration of ilbeta ng CE prostaglandins pgs do however appear to play a critical role CE administration of the prostaglandin antagonist diclofenac ug but not ibuprofen completely blocked the effect of ilbeta on lung clearance of RT cells antagonism of the effects of ilbeta was shown to be due to the effects of centrally and not of peripherally acting prostaglandins
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epidemiological evidence suggests that advancing age affects the CVS of men and women differently the purpose of this T0 was to determine whether the effects of aging on nitric oxide synthase nos oxidative stress and V1 CF are different in males and females mesenteric arteries from young mo and old mo male and female fischer brown norway rats were studied western blot analysis and nos activity were performed on the homogenized mesenteric arterial bed separated into cytosolic and membraneassociated fractions plasma isoprostane measurements assessed oxidative stress VR was determined by using a wire myograph in the absence and presence of a nos inhibitor nomeganitrolarginine to examine EC CF and basal and stimulated nitric oxide release in additional arteries reactivity was performed in the presence of polyethylene glycolsod to assess the impact of superoxide on V1 CF among females aging was associated with a decline in membraneassociated nos activity and membraneassociated nos iii protd improve erectile function in men who have hypercholesterolemia as the only risk factor for erectile dysfunction ed
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the pancreatic islet can be viewed as an integrator of nutrient neural and hormonal signals in normal people glucose directly stimulates insulin release and also plays a key role as a potentiator of nonglucose stimulants of the bcells in patients with NIDDM diabetes mellitus niddm the direct effect of gl on insulin secretion is markedly impaired however as HG develops basal insulin levels and insulin responses to nonglucose signals are maintained in many nidd patients by the potentiating effect of HG both acute and chronic administration of sulfonylurea drugs results in enhanced bcell sensitivity to the potentiating effect of gl during sulfonylurea therapy this effect initially causes an increase in insulin level however as the gl level falls during therapy the insulin level may tend to return toward i.c.v. values thereby masking the improvement of bcell CF in nidd patients with mild to moderate HG fasting plasma gl less than mgdl chronic sulfonylurea therapy results in the maintenance of nearnormal insulin C2 but at a lower plasma glucose level in patients with more severely impaired bcell CF whose insulin C2 before therapy are subnormal despite marked HG there is a net absolute increase in insulin C2 during chronic SU administration thus some nidd patients may show an increase in basal insulin C2 during chronic SU therapy while others may not however all patients who respond to sulfonylureas demonstrate increased bcell sensitivity to glucose acute and chronic sulfonylurea treatment also results in a suppression of glucagon C2 an effect that may be secondary to the enhancement of bcell function the fall of plasma glucose during chronic SU therapy is associated with a decrease in HGP in niddytes st representing of the thymocytes were isolated according to size by centrifugal elutriation although these st contained approximately pnacells they failed to respond to lectins indicating the existence of a pnast subset that can be considered to belong to the immature thymocyte population the st were induced to proliferate if in addition to pha il containing S9 of HP monocyte cultures or otetradecanoylphorbolacetate tpa were present the incubation of the st for hr with tpa or il in the absence of pha resulted in a strong reduction in the percentage of cells reacting with the immature thymocyte markers tdt and pna in addition the okt cells were partially reduced T3 incubation with il concomitantly an increase in the percentage of cells reacting with the mature t cell markers okt and okt was observed whereas hla antigens became strongly expressed on all st although il or tpa were unable to induce proliferation of the st these substances induced il production by these cells these shifts to cells with more mature phenotypes that are able to produce il were not observed if the st were incubated with pha or culture medium only the responder capacity of the st to pha plus tpa was not significantly affected by the depletion of the more mature okt and okt cells in addition in this situation okt okt okt cells were found to be generated from okt okt okt cells therefore it could be excluded that the proliferative responses were due to a selective expansion of a preexisting mature t cell population our results indicate that tpa mimics il in the induction of differentiation of the st to a stage in which subpopulations of these cells are able to produce il and to respond to pha because only the proliferating st were found to react with a monoclonal antibody which is thought to be directed at the il receptor antitac our data suggest that pha is required for the induction of expression of receptors for il in those st subpopulations that are able to proliferate in the presence of il generated in situ
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severe alcoholic hepatitis is associated with high early mortality this study aimed at identifying prognostic AF associated with inhospital medium and LT mortality of severe AH and to evaluate the different prognostic scoring systems on a cohort of patients in our hospital to this end we conducted a retrospective analysis of episodes admitted between and clinical and laboratory data on admission at days month months and T3 one year were collected and analyzed as were the details on the treatment and complications that occurred during hospitalization the different prognostic indices used in the literature were calculated death event associated with an episode of SAH occurs primarily during the first month with an average MR of infectious complications were associated with lower inhospital survival meld score urea and bilirubin values one week T3 admission were independently associated with both inhospital survival or and respectively and survival at months or and respectively only meld score and urea values at days were independent predictors of survival twelve months T3 the acute SH episode meld score urea and bilirubin days T3 admission were the only independent inhospital survival and also LT survival AF months and one year T3 the episode in our cohort the meld score was the best prognostic index to predict mortality associated with an episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis
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the effects of sudden darkness on spontaneous motor activity in an open field and performance in an elevated plusmaze epm were assessed in adult male and female rats in the open field test sudden darkness increased total locomotion locomotion in central squares rearing frequency rf and diminished defecation units du in the dark total locomotion remained elevated during the min test period while in the light total locomotion decreased significantly T3 the fourth minute in both sexes all the effects of sudden darkness in the open field test were more pronounced in female rats in the epm sudden darkness increased the number of entries into the open arms total entries percentages of entries into the open arms and time spent in the open arms the changes were more significant in female than in male rats these results show that sudden darkness increases general MA and suggest it diminishes habituation fear and anxiety the results also suggest that this behavioral shift is sexually differentiated sudden darkness emerges as an experimental tool to simultaneously test physiologicallyinduced increases in SMA and decreases in anxiety
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recurrent erythema multiforme is a rare disorder clinically characterized by symmetrically distributed erythematous and bullous skin and mucous lesions mainly precipitated by a preceding herpes simplex infection in rare cases em presents continuous or persistent relapses and has been related to an epsteinbarr virus infection we report cases of severe persistent erythema multiforme treated with thalidomide with CR disease suppression in both cases thalidomide induces immunomodulator antiinflammatory and antiangiogenic effects and may be considered as the elective treatment of this rare variety of erythema multiforme however in order to avoid neuropathic side effects patients under thalidomide therapy should be monitored every months with nerve conduction studies while taking the drug
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internationally adopted children often present diseases contracted in the country of origin skin diseases are common in new arrivals and diagnosis may prove challenging for gps or even dermatologists if they are inexperienced in the extensive geographic and ethnic diversity of international adoptees to analyse the frequency and characteristics of skin diseases in international adoptees in total adoptees were evaluated for a crosssectional cohort T0 the most frequent diseases observed at arrival were dermatological conditions of the adoptees presented at least one skin disease of which were infectious tinea capitis being the most frequent n the REC rate of tinea capitis was n ten cases of scabies were diagnosed other diseases included viral skin infection n with cases of molluscum contagiosum and bacterial infection skin diseases are very common in internationally adopted children there is a need for close collaboration between dermatologists and paediatricians to diagnose such infections as well as clear guidelines to treat them
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although regulatory t cells tregs have been shown to play a protective role in ABD aortic aneurysm aaa formation it remains unclear whether expansion of endogenous foxp tregs prevents aaa in the current study we determined the effects of endogenous foxp treg expansion or depletion in an exp MM of aaa we continuously infused weekold apolipoprotein edeficient mice fed a highcholesterol diet with angiotensin ii n or normal saline n by implanting osmotic minipumps and evaluated aaa formation at weeks the angiotensin iiinfused mice received interleukinantiinterleukin monoclonal antibody complex interleukin complex n or pbs n eightyone percent of angiotensin iiinfused mice developed aaa with mortality possibly because of aneurysm rupture interleukin complex treatment systemically increased the number of foxp tregs and significantly decreased the incidence and mortality of aaa immunohistochemical analysis showed reduced accumulation of macrophages and increased numbers of foxp tregs in aneurysmal tissues suggesting that expansion of tregs may suppress local inflammation in the vessel wall and provide protection against aaa formation furthermore genetic SD of foxp tregs led to a significant increase in the mortality of aaa suggesting the protective role of foxp tregs against aaa our findings suggest that foxp tregs may play a protective role in aaa formation and that promotion of an endogenous reguo differences in auc à h subjective appetite parameters hunger fullness and desire to eat between trials the consumption of skimmed milk following min of moderatevigorous cycling exercise reduces subsequent energy NI in female recreational exercisers
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the nucleolus organizer activity of bone marrow cell chromosomes has been studied by AgNOR howell black for HD patients with acute leukemia and patients with chronic myelocytic one including cases of blast crisis in respect to the nucleolus organizer silver IF pattern bone marrow cells of donors and of patients with leukemias appeared to be more heterogeneous than phastimulated lymphocytes of the same individuals the average numbers of agstained nucleolus organizers per metaphase in donors patients with chronic phases and patients with blast crisis of myelocytic leukemia and in those with HAL were lower than those in phastimulated lymphocytes of the same individuals a great part of bone marrow cell mitoses from up to being agnegative in all the above groups a conclusion is made that the heterogeneity in AgNOR of the nucleolus organizers in bone marrow cells is due mostly to differences in their MI cell maturity degrees prospects of employment of AgNOR of nucleolus organizers in cells for clinical purposes are discussed
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previous work has found that serum gcsf was acutely elevated in mice h but not one week after controlled cortical impact cci the purpose of this study was to investigate whether blood gcsf correlates with the elevated BB cytokines in mice after cci and also if it correlates with traumatic BB injury tbi in humans here we found in mice undergoing cci a procedure that induces direct injury to the brain that SS gcsf correlated directly or indirectly with several BB cytokines indicating it is a useful marker for the neuroinflammation of tbi a pilot T0 in humans phase i n confirmed that plasma gcsf is acutely elevated on day p of tbi and has returned to baseline by one week in a second human sample phase ii n we found plasma gcsf peaks about h T3 arriving in the emergency department pgml aging was weakly associated p with a less robust elevation in SS gcsf but there was no difference with gender iss a measure of total severity of injury correlated with the degree of elevation in SS gcsf r p but severity of head injury via ais did not the latter may have been because of the statistically narrow range of head injuries among our cases and the high number of cases diagnosed with closed head injury a noncodable diagnosis in conclusion plasma gcsf may be a useful biomarker of tbi correlating with neuroinflammation in the rat and in the human studies with time since injury and total severity of injury as such it may be useful in determining whether tbi has occurred within the last h
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the alternative oxidase aox is a nonenergy conserving terminal oxidase that has emerged as an important mitochondrial component of the cell stress responses although the most studied abiotic condition in relation to chlamydomonas reinhardtii is high temperature changes in aox capacity of the alga were studied only under oxidative AS and cold to examine whether elevated temperatures affected aox expression we applied quantitative realtime pcr and pharmaceutical approaches in this work we demonstrated a sharp increase in aox transcript and protein abundance under HS furthermore c reinhardtii cells displayed a C1 increase in alternative respiration in response to high temperature feeding with the protein kinase SSP strongly retarded the aox transcription finally the addition of the calcium chelator egta prevented heatinduced aox expression together our results imply that heatinducible ca influx and protein kinases may mediate aox expression at elevated temperatures characterization of heatinduced aox regulation in the green alga c reinhardtii provides a FR for a more complete understanding of the CF of this conserved protein
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SP is a rare complication of PD pd in encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis eps the most severe form of the disease the intestine is entrapped in a fibrous tissue causing intestinal obstruction patients are typically seriously ill with evidence of infection and requirement for parenteral nutrition a MR of has been reported there is no established medical treatment and surgery has offered variable results our unit provides renal replacement therapy for a population of about million the prevalent population of pd patients averages the cumulative pd population since january is with an eps prevalence of influenced by the first case reported by allaria in suggesting benefit of tamoxifen in treating eps we have treated with tamoxifen the four consecutive cases of eps that have presented since all patients have survived and recovered intestinal function all showed prior evidence of peritoneal dysfunction with UF failure and were characterized by long duration of pd therapy rather than multiple episodes of peritonitis we conclude that tamoxifen is a highly promising therapy in eps hitherto a usually fatal condition this description of its tau in acutely ill patients with eps complements its possible prophylactic use in patients with the earlier and milder disease SP a high index of clinical suspicion for SP is desirable perhaps facilitated by routine screening of atrisk patients
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erythema multiforme is an acute hypersensitivity reaction of the skin often secondary to medications lamotrigine is a relatively new anticonvulsant medication approved for seizure and psychiatric disorders although the overall incidence of cutaneous reactions to lamotrigine is high the incidence of serious eruptions such as erythema multiforme stevensjohnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis is low vigilant surveillance for any cutaneous eruption in patients on lamotrigine is important particularly in the first weeks as prompt discontinuation of the medication can prevent progression we report a case of EM AA to lamotrigine which clinically resembled a contact dermatitis and review the management of lamotrigine associated cutaneous eruptions
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PZ is a vitaminkdependent plasma glycoprotein its physiological CF is not clear low PZ levels were found in patients with otherwise unexplained one disorders it was therefore suggested that low PZ levels might be associated with a one diathesis in the present T0 we measured protein z levels in plasma samples of patients with a suspected bleeding disorder and in plasma samples of healthy adult individuals we found protein z to have a wide normal range in healthy men and women significantly lower protein z C2 were observed in women compared to men whereas no rho was found with age or other vitaminkdependent coagulation proteins none of the patients with a bleeding disorder had a PZ level below the normal range however PZ was significantly lower in the group of male patients with a one PH as compared to healthy men in conclusion our data indicate that lownormal PZ C2 are not associated with a bleeding tendency however it remains to be determined whether a low protein z level is a weak cofactor associated with an increased bleeding tendency and whether decreased or absent protein z conditions not detected in our patients might constitute a haemorrhagic diathesis
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fifty stratified unselected cases of primary uncomplicated total hip arthroplasty performed at the total joint service of a university teaching hospital were examined in cases the FA stem was implanted with cement and in the other a cementless stem was implanted for cemented stems thirdgeneration cement technique was used including centrifugation the average cost to the hospital for a cementless stem was greater was significantly decreased fourto sixfold in the cell lysate of AM macrophages isolated from rats exposed to no in parallel pge production was significantly increased in the same samples and in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid northern blot analysis of the two cytokines indicated a reduction of the mrna content we also studied the expression of the tnf receptor type tnfr known to neutralize tnf activity in its soluble form and found that expression of the mrna was increased T3 endotoxin stimulation we can conclude that rats exposed to no produce less tnf and il and that this might be related to increased pge production and increased expression of tnfr
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there is now a consensus that magnetic resonance imaging mri is a CS and TPS indicator of MTS mts in patients with partial epilepsy mts is the most common pathological finding underlying the EZ in patients undergoing temporal lobe surgery for medically refractory partial seizures mribased hippocampal volumetric studies ie quantitative mri has been shown to provide objective evidence for HA in patients with mts the HPC volume in the epileptic temporal lobe has correlated with the neuronal cell densities in selected HPC subfields a history of febrile seizures in childhood and age of unprovoked seizure ON have been associated with mribased HPC volumetry there is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between the duration of the seizure disorder and volumetry quantitative mri has compared favorably to other noninvasive techniques eg scalprecorded eeg in indicating the diagnosis of medical TLE mtle mriidentified HA has also been a favorable prognostic indicator of seizure outcome T3 temporal lobe surgery the presence of hippocampal atrophy appears to serve an in vivo surrogate for the presence of mts
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salvaging the limb T3 malignant bone tumor ablation is a tough challenge for a reconstructive surgeon confronting such extensive bone defects a yearold male without any underlying disease was incidentally diagnosed with a chondrosarcoma over his left FA bone an orthopedic surgeon did a wide resection of the malignant bone RT leaving a massive bone defect about cm in length a doublebarreled free vascularized fibular bone was designed to reconstruct the FA bone defect the maximal fibular bone graft harvested was cm long T3 the osteotomy one barrel was cm and the other was cm an iliac crest cancellous bone graft was harvested to fill the residual space the pathology report showed a grade welldifferentiated conventional chondrosarcoma and further adjuvant therapy was not suggested at a year followup plain radiography showed a good bony union of the graft and the patient could easily tolerate daily activity a vascularized doublebarreled fibular VG is an ideal option for reconstructing a massive defect in WB bone it provides not only sufficient mechanical strength but also good union for early rehabilitation we describe the longterm results after reconstruction and provide a literature review of longbone CS
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this work was to investigate the NC of the contents of vasopressin and oxytocin during acupuncture in rat AP could not only cause a NC of immunoreactive Arg vasopressin but also cause a NC of immunoreactive oxytocin in many regions of rat brain these results suggest that arginine vasopressin and oxytocin might be through the central NS to participate acupuncture analgesia
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a nonlinear least squares analysis of scatchard plots of ca IB to troponin native TM and S1 b demonstrates that troponin does not possess two classes of independent IB CS since the data cannot be accounted for by assuming more than two classes of independent CS we conclude that IB of one ca decreases the affinity of troponin for binding the next negative interaction is increased in the presence of TM and further increased by actomyosin the maximal ca affinity of troponin at low fractional occupancy is not affected by tropomyosin but may be significantly reduced by actomyosin because of negative interaction troponins ca affinity should vary during the course of contraction this variation could profoundly affect translocations of ca between troponin and reticulum and the time course of the active state
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a mixed infection of primary CK cells at degrees with aann arbor cold adapted virus and aalaska wt virus yielded a coldreassortant virus crclone which had a host range different from that of either parent it does not produce detectable virus when grown in MDCK while growing normally in primary CK cells at degrees both parents however grow well in either cell type at degrees c genotypic analysis of viral rna electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels has shown that crclone virus has an aberrant ns gene different from the ns gene of either parent virus reassortant viruses made between crclone virus and acalifornia hn virus in primary chick kidney cells at degrees showed the same host range restriction only if the ns gene was derived from the crclone virus a mixed infection with these same parents but in MDCK cells at degrees c produced reassortants that always contained the acalifornia ns gene instead of the crclone ns gene ferrets inoculated intranasally with the crclone reassortant do not become sick or infected based on the lack of symptoms no rhinitis coryza or fever and no detectable virus recovered from NP swabs turbinate or lung tissues at hr T3 infection thus crclone virus contains an aberrant ns gene and manifests a restricted host range phenotype in MDCK and ferrets
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rat Thy synaptosomes were exposed via superfusion to various stimuli and the release of NPY-LI npyli was measured by means of radioimmunoassay procedures high kcl mm concentration dependently evoked npyli release the evoked overflow reached a plateau at mm kcl and was abolished in the absence of ca ions furthermore a remarkable npyli overflow was obtained when extracellular na ions were removed low external naevoked npyli PR was independent of the presence of ca ions from the superfusion medium it is well known that the reduction of external na ions activates the PR of several neurotransmitters through an inversion of the uptakecarrier working direction but such mechanisms involving nadependent uptake have never been described for neuropeptides the alteration of the extracellular na concentration is able to modify the concentration of the intracellular ca and h ions in fact the concentrations of these two ions are regulated through nadependent exchange mechanisms across the membrane amiloride blocking the nah exchanger was able to maintain low naevoked npyli PR underlying that the blockade of the exchanger preserves the h accumulation induced by the reduction of the external na ions npyli release could also be stimulated by nigericine a proton ionophore showing that the intracellular acidification is responsible for npyli PR intracellular acidification may stimulate ca ion release from intracellular stores as has been shown by other workers C1 densecore LDV containing the peptide appear to be more sensitive to local intracellular ca release compared with extracellular ca ion entry through voltagedependent channels
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the epidermal ultrastructure of allogeneic bone marrow recipients with chronic graftversushost disease gvhd was compared with that of recipients without chronic gvhd this electron microscope T0 revealed three patterns of epidermal injury typical of chronic gvhd the first type was a nonacantholytic nondissecting injury with a prominent cellular infiltrate consisting primarily of lymphocytes accompanied by a few macrophages the second type was an acantholytic dissecting injury with a prominent infiltrate while the third was a nondissecting injury with a sparse infiltrate broadzone contact was observed between lymphocytes and all epidermal cell types as well as between other lymphocytes and macrophages point contact was only observed between lymphocytes and epidermal cells lymphocytes appeared to detach desmosomes from adjacent keratinocytes by isolating them with cytoplasmic projections a phenomenon not previously described typical damage to the epidermal cells in the basal and spinous layers consisted of either swelling of the organelles or condensation of the cytoplasm and nucleus in the KC the condensation reaction resulted in the formation of colloid bodies some of which were phagocytized by macrophages besides the cytolytic events a concurrent stimulatory reaction occurred in the epidermal cells the number of melanosomes in melanocytes and of langerhans cell granules and dense bodies in the langerhans cells all increased extensive Az of replication and disruption of the BL were subjacent to areas of necrosis in the basal SL
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this T0 aims at reviewing the years since the first graduate program was offered by the university of são paulo at ribeirão preto college of nursing based on a critical reflection about the creation and development of graduate programs the methodology applied was a quantitative assessment regarding the scientific production published in the literature about the theme results showed that the graduate programs were consolidated in the s when three doctoral programs were created psychiatric nursing fundamental nursing and public health nursing these accomplishments require an increase in international visibility
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the stimulatory effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide vip and secretin has been compared on exocrine pancreatic secretion in anaesthetized cats both MMP were given by bolus i.v. and continuous intravenous infusion after bolus injection vip stimulated pancreatic secretion only weakly on the contrary during intravenous infusion the maximal effect of vip did not differ significantly from that of sec therefore while the potency of vip is always lower than that of secretin its efficacy appears to be strictly dependent on the mode of administration
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the neural correlates of body checking perceptions in eating disorders have not yet been identified this PET magnetic resonance imaging T0 examined the neuroanatomy involved in altered perception and ID with body checking in female with anorexia nervosa an
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the hip joint capsule functions to constrain translation between the femur and acetabulum while allowing rotational and planar movements despite the crucial role it plays in the pathogenesis of hip instability little is known about its biomechanical properties the goal of this T0 was to determine the regional material properties of the iliofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments of the capsule ten human cadaveric specimens of each ligament were tested to failure in tension the AS at failure strain at failure CS ED at failure toe and linearregion elastic moduli and the poissons ratio were measured for each AL the strain to failure was greatest in the ischiofemoral ligament while no significant difference was noted in failure stress by region or ligament the youngs moduli of elasticity ranged from to mpa among the different ligaments and were generally consistent with properties previously reported for the shoulder capsule the elastic moduli and strain energy density at failure differed by region no significant differences in poissons ratio were found by region or AL the average poissons ratio was approximately consistent with anisotropic behavior of ligamentous tissues understanding the material properties of the hip capsule may help the orthopaedic surgeon better understand normal ligament function and thereby choose a surgical approach or strategy of repair furthermore knowledge of the normal mechanical CF of the hip capsule ligaments could assist in the DUE of the success of a repair
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motoneurone cell death and spontaneous embryonic motility were blocked in chick embryos by daily in ovo i.v. of dtubocurarine from stage e isolated spinal cordhindlimb S9 were prepared from these embryos and movement sequences in response to electrical stimulation of the thoracic cord were assessed T3 drug washout by electromyogram emg or musclenerve recordings in embryos in which complete blockade of lumbar motoneurone cell death was later confirmed histologically flexor and extensor motoneurone pools were found to be G1 in alternating bursts as occurs in control embryos thus the development of the basic cord circuits responsible for these patterns of motoneurone activation does not require motoneurone cell death partial blockade of motoneurone cell death by guanosine phosphate cyclic gmp was also without effect on muscle activation patterns in ovo injection of dtubocurarine or alphabungarotoxin in doses sufficient to block embryonic motility was found to have a direct effect on the spinal cord preventing the patterned activation of motoneurone pools in AC bursts cords removed from treated embryos behaved similarly to cords in which these drugs were applied acutely in the bath minor changes in muscle activation patterns that occurred with chronic drug treatment were also observed in acutely treated cords and appear to be a direct and persistent effect of the drugs on cord circuits it is possible to conclude that cholinergic circuits within the chick lumbar cord play a role in the normal patterned activation of flexor and extensor motoneurone pools systemically applied drugs can have access to these circuits indicating a need for caution when interpreting the results of drugs applied in this manner to developing embryos we also conclude that neither the activation of MNs in patterned bursts nor the afferent FB from the movements that result are required to form the basic spinal cord circuits responsible for the activation of extensor and flexor motoneurone poored by examining the status of neuromuscular transmission and parameters of external respiration as well as the levels of immunoglobulins it has been shown that the inclusion of tp into the complex of therapeutic measures in the given category of patients makes it possible to arrest quickly and to a considerable degree the clinical manifestations of an exacerbation to increase the reliability of neuromuscular transmission and decrease doses of anticholinesterase drugs
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the aim of this investigation was to evaluate orthodontic treatment need and patient satisfaction among young adults living in a city where freeofcharge orthodontic treatment was provided a total of to yearold subjects randomly selected from the population register of the city of vantaa took part in the T0 the dropout rate was treatment need was clinically assessed according to the index of orthodontic treatment need iotn consisting of a DHC dhc and an aesthetic component ac information on previous orthodontic treatment was based on the patient records satisfaction of the subjects with their dental appearance and with the orthodontic treatment received was obtained using a questionnaire the rate of orthodontic treatment among the subjects was for the females and for the males p had discontinued treatment a definite need for treatment dhc to ac to was assessed in of the subjects and borderlinemoderate mo of life fourteen normal infants females of the same age were studied as controls igfbp proteolytic activity was evaluated in patients and in controls at d and mo of life there was no significant difference concerning weight and length between the patients and controls at birth d and mo of life the blood gh igfi and igfbp levels were significantly lower in patients at diagnosis than in controls of the same age p for all parameters as well as igfbp studied by WB at diagnosis the patients free igfi level was within the control range but the free igfi percentage of total igfi was higher than in the controls p igfbp proteolytic activity was found to be greater in the patients p at mo of life T3 therapy none of these parameters was different from those of the controls
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psychiatric and substance use disorders affect most patients with CHC and are the most common reasons for exclusion from antiviral therapies suicidal ideation si is often cited as a reason to exclude patients from interferonbased treatment or to terminate antiviral treatment that is in progress this T0 examines si in HC patients untreated and treated with interferonalphab a medication commonly associated with depression fiftyfive subjects with CHC were followed for weeks with three measures of depression each containing one item assessing si a total of subjects reported si while not on interferon therapy of the patients treated with interferon endorsed si at some point during antiviral treatment however finished at least a month course of interferon therapy no subjects attempted suicide although si in some form is common in SH c patients in most cases it is mild in nature with adequate support most patients can successfully complete a full course of antiviral treatment
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in this work we present a capacitancetovoltage ADC cvc for capacitive accelerometers based on microelectromechanical systems mems based on a fullydifferential transimpedance amplifier tia it features a db transimpedance gain control and over one decade programmable bandwidth from khz to mhz the tia is aimed for lowcost lowpower capacitive sensor applications it has been designed in a standard μm cmos technology and its SP consumption is only μw at the maximum transimpedance configuration the tia shows an equivalent input noise of fa hz at khz which corresponds to μg hz
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regional blood oxygenation in the cerebellum and PCA cortices was monitored with PET magnetic resonance imaging fmri at four tesla while normal subjects performed three tasks with MZ visual stimulation fixation attention focused upon either stimulus shape or color and sustained during blocks of trials sustained attention and rapid serial shifts in attention between stimulus shape or color within blocks of trials shifting attention the stimuli were displayed centrally for ms followed by a central fixation mark for ms each CS- was either a circle or a square displayed in either red or greencluding venom MMP triflavin and trigramin small rgd SP glyargglyaspser grgds glyargglyaspphe grgdf and glyargglyaspserprolys grgdspk was examined by testing the GABA effect on aggregating plateletinduced vasoconstriction in deendothelialized aorta triflavin mumoll significantly inhibited the plateletinduced vasoconstriction whereas neither trigramin mumoll nor small rgd MMP mmoll ie grgds grgdf and grgdspk showed any significant effect the release of serotonin and the formation of thromboxane a from aggregating platelets were both significantly inhibited by triflavin mumoll whereas trigramin and small rgdcontaining MMP showed no significant effect on SEM of deendothelialized aorta aggregating platelets adhered to the subendothelium with loss of their discoid shape to form irregular spheres with pseudopod extensions triflavin mumoll markedly reduced the adhesion of platelets to the subendothelium in the same aorta furthermore rgdcontaining MMP including triflavin trigramin and small rgdcontaining MMP inhibited the adhesion of microgramsml collagenactivated platelets to extracellular matrices ie fibronectin vitronectin and von willebrand factor it is concluded that the marked ability of triflavin to inhibit aggregating plateletinduced vasoconstriction in deendothelialized aorta compared with other rgdcontaining MMP including trigramin may be due at least partly to triflavins efficiently preventing the activation of platelets subsequent to inhibition of serotonin PR and thromboxane a formation however the different abilities of triflavin compared with other rgdcontaining MMP was not related to the ability to inhibit adhesion of platelets to extracellular matrices therefore from the results of this study it appears that triflavin may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of TE and its associated angiospasm
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to assess the effect of computeraided detection cad as a second reader on the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomographic CTC in detecting mm CC crc lesions
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transcutaneous immunization tci is a promising alternative to vaccine delivery via the subcutaneous and intramuscular routes because of the unique immunological characteristics of the skin however the SC sc prevents entry of most therapeutic compounds into the body several PCS devices have been developed to overcome the sc barrier but still damage the skin however by targeting antigens to the abundant perifollicular antigenpresenting cells apcs the transfollicular route might be a promising RPA for tci without compromising the skin barrier
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we present the aims methodology and initial results from the italian multicentric study for the registration and followup of congenital heart disease the general aims are to measure the prevalence of congenital HR disease in different geographic areas of italy and to assess the survival and outcome of affected babies during the years and eighteen centers for pediatric cardiology spread all over the country enrolled new babies with congenital cardiac malformations from a population of surveyed livebirths the new cases were registered using the same methodologic criteria of the eurocat T0 in order to evaluate differences andor similarities between the studies the prevalence varied between and the average being the C1 range in prevalence is presumed to be related to different customs and hierarchies in flow and referral of patients we provide total prevalence of individual lesions and CSD of sentinel cardiac anomalies in the italian study and compare them with eurocat isolated VVI septal defect is the most common lesion followed by atrial septal defect pulmonary valvar stenosis atrioventricular septal defects patency of the arterial duct complete transposition tetralogy of fallot aortic coarctation aortic valvar stenosis and left HR hypoplasia the echographic stratification of ventricular and ASDs by location and size was in keeping with the findings of the eurocat T0 because of the recent widespread availability of colordoppler techniques the stratification of aortic and pulmonary valvar stenosis was an innovative approach in our study among the complex cardiovascular anomalies double inlet ventricle and pulmonary atresia had a proportion of about each with double outlet RA ventricle common arterial trunk ebsteins malformation tricuspid atresia IAA and totally anomalous pulmonary A-V connection having a proportion ranging from to we discuss clinical features such as frequency of extracardiac anomalies and familial aggregation of congenital heart disease in comparison with the eurocat data
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we consider a single atom in an optical lattice subject to a harmonic trapping potential the problem is treated in the tightbinding approximation with an extra parameter kappa denoting the strength of the harmonic trap it is shown that the kappa limit of this problem is singular in the sense that the density of states for a very shallow trap kappa is qualitatively different from that of a translationally invariant lattice kappa the physics of this difference is disc group on one measure the ACT act score when iq was used as a covariate however no significant group differences remained when act score was used as a covariate more than half of the petition and nonpetition students did not meet a minimum criterion for classification as learning disabled ld and more than half of both groups and respectively were not classified as ld before enrolling in college sixty percent of the petition students either had not taken an fl course in college or had achieved only grades of withdrawal before petitioning for substitution of the fl requirement implications addressed include petition students persistence in fulfilling the fl requirement students use of instructional accommodations and services criteria used to classify students as ld use of the modern language aptitude test mlat and why some students classified as ld pass fl courses and other students classified as ld do not
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maximum flow velocity waveforms were studied at the cardiac level ascending aorta pulmonary i.a. and ductus arteriosus and at the IP level fetal internal i.c. descending aorta umbilical artery and maternal uteroplacental i.a. in patients with IUGR and NCs matched for gestational age and maternal parity gestational age ranged from to weeks median weeks all flow velocity waveforms were obtained with a mechanical sector scanner combined with a pulsed and continuous doppler system with a carrier frequency of and mhz NP was characterized by low fetal and placental vascular resistances the peak systolic velocity in the ascending aorta was significantly higher compared with the pulmonary artery in patients with IUGR reduced EDV flow velocities were documented in fetal descending aorta umbilical artery and maternal uteroplacental artery reflecting raised umbilical placental and uteroplacental V1 resistances raised enddiastolic flow velocities were observed at the CBF level reflecting reduced cerebral vascular resistance BB sparing effect reduced peak systolic flow velocities documented at the cardiac level may be AA to reduced volume flow increased valve or vessel size or raised afterload the noninvasive nature of this T0 did not allow differentiation between these variables
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land application of wastewater biosolids is both economical and beneficial to resource recycling however this environmentally friendly practice can be at risk due to odor complaints volatile organic sulfur EDC voscs including methanethiol dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide have been identified as major contributors to biosolids odor in this study methanogens were shown to play a key role in removing voscs and reducing odors and methane production was related to reduced vosc production factors influencing the growth of methanogens such as the shear during dewatering and storage temperature showed a strong impact on net odor production examination of the microbial communities of both bacteria and archaea indicated a simplified archaeal community in biosolids which is susceptible to environmental perturbations therefore one possible odor control strategy is the preservation and enhancement of the methanogenic population during biosolids storage
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the disposition of i eetrimethylphosphono pentadecatrienesulfonic acid and its mono ii di iii and triester iv prodrugs in rats was studied with clabeled compounds after iv administration of i micromolkg radioactivity in plasma was measurable up to hr and averaged microgeqml i accounted for of the radioactivity in plasma and had an apparent halflife of hr T3 oral administration of the same dose the maximal plasma concentration of radioactivity averaged microgeqml at hr in hr and of the iv dose and and of the po dose was excreted in urine and feces respectively the absorption was based on the plasma data in hr after an iv dose of i to bile ductcannulated rats and of the dose was excreted in bile and urine respectively i accounted for of the radioactivity in bile and a negligible amount in urine at hr T3 iv dosing CL retained of the dose no accumulation of radioactivity in bone was observed i and ii were poorly absorbed enhanced absorption was observed for iii and iv no i or metabolites of i were found in bile or urine of rats dosed with the prodrugs the structures of two metabolites each for i iii and iv were proposed together they accounted for of the radioactivity in urine and approximately of the radioactivity in bile for each compound metabolism appeared to occur primarily at the farnesyl moiety presumably by the same pathways as for farnesylpyrophosphate
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at this point in time enzyme replacement therapy for gaucher disease appears both biochemically effective patients and as well as clinically promising patients and although these salutary responses have not been obtained consistently patients the discrepancy may be due to the method employed for the isolation of the enzyme one current opinion is that glucocerebrosidase prepared by conventional fractionation and ion exchange chromatographic procedures may have been more ERP in vivo than enzyme prepared by butanol extraction and hydrophobic column chromatography which we developed because of the difficulty in obtaining C1 quantities of GBA by the conventional method it should be remembered that the enzyme prepared by the latter procedure was fully active on glucocerebroside in liver biopsy specimens in vitro furthermore glucocerebrosidase prepared by the second method exerted a positive effect in young patients who received relatively large amounts of enzyme and in an AD who was treated with corticosteroid prior to infusion of the enzyme at this moment a possible explanation is that a necessary associated factor perhaps a lipid may have been removed by the largescale isolation procedure we are attempting to improve the biochemical and clinical responses to enzyme infusion by investigating the effects of lysosomal modifying agents and by enhancing the uptake and localization of the infused enzyme in lysosomes of cells that contain the stored glucocerebroside
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oropharyngeal candidiasis opc is a common oral opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus hivpositive individuals although most cases of opc correlate with reduced systemic C2 of cd TA the role of HI in protection against mucosal candidiasis including opc remains questionable in the present study a comprehensive analysis of saliva from hivnegative and hivpositive individuals stratified by opc status and peripheral cd cell count was conducted to measure C2 of total and candidaspecific immunoglobulin aiga and igg antibodies including subclasses and secretory iga despite changes in total immunoglobulin levels when levels of candidaspecific antibodies were normalized to total protein or total immunoglobulin of the corresponding isotype no distinct differences in igg including subclasses iga including subclasses or sec iga C2 were seen regardless of hiv status opc status or cd RCC these data suggest that when a complete repertoire of antibodies is evaluated with AGA normalization of data there is no evidence of appreciable changes in levels of candidaspecific antibodies in saliva that would account for the prevalence of opc among hivpositive individuals
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type collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body and a L1 constituent of the interstitial connective tissue however little is known about carboxyterminal propeptide of type i procollagen picp expression in human colorectal tumor tissues we therefore evaluated the concentrations of picp in colorectal tumor tissue as well as surrounding normal tissues and examined the relationship between its level and clinicopathological variables
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a total of procedures was performed on patients with ureteral calculi the success rate was per cent for stones proxia rays limited the formation of posttraumatic vitreoretinal CM a controlled study was therefore undertaken to confirm this observation twentyfour pairs of rabbits underwent a standard perforating injury in the right eye one rabbit of each pair received a radioactive ophthalmic cobalt applicator and the other a dummy applicator nineteen of nonirradiated eyes developed vitreoretinal membranes with associated traction retinal detachment only four of irradiated eyes developed traction retinal detachment
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normal gastrointestinal function depends on an IN and coordinated enteric nervous system ens while the ens is formed during fetal life plasticity persists in the postnatal period during which the gastrointestinal tract is colonized by bacteria we tested the hypothesis that colonization of the bowel by intestinal microbiota influences the PN OD of the ens
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following a review of the literature cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia are reported anatomopathological examination of the lymphonodes shows widespread NC in the structure with V1 and lymphoimmunoblastic proliferation and deposit of amorphous eosinophil substance the most significant clinical and morphological aspects are reported and these are related to the therapeutic response the effectiveness of cortisone therapy is shown by comparison of laboratory examination data at admittance and T3 three months
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sialic acids have a pivotal PET impact in many biological interactions such as virus att cellular adhesion regulation of proliferation and apoptosis a common modification of sialic acids is oacetylation oacetylated sialic acids occur in bacteria and parasites and are also receptor determinants for a number of viruses moreover they have important functions in embryogenesis development and immunological processes oacetylated sialic acids represent cancer markers as shown for acute lymphoblastic one and they are known to play significant roles in the regulation of gangliosidemediated apoptosis expression of oacetylated sialoglycans is regulated by sialic acidspecific oacetyltransferases and oacetylesterases recent developments in the ID of the enigmatic sialic acidspecific oacetyltransferase are discussed
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recent data suggest that the poor induction of a tcell response to human renal cell carcinoma rcc may be related to alterations in signal transduction pathways we report that t cells from rcc patients have two alterations in kappa b motifspecific dnabinding activity the first alteration involves the constitutive expression of substantial kappa bbinding activity in nuclear extracts which was observed in the electrophoretic mobility shift CA the magnitude of kappa b activity in unstimulated patient t cells was similar to that observed in TA from normal individuals that had been G1 in vitro on the basis of WB experiments using antibodies to kappa brel family proteins the kappa bbinding activity constitutively expressed in t cells from rcc patients is composed mostly of the nfkappa b p S1 the second abnormality in kappa bbinding activity in TA from these patients is that rela a member of the rel homology family which is part of the normal nfkappa b complex was not induced in the nucleus following activation western blotting analysis did not detect any rela in nuclear extracts either before or after stimulation of TA the altered kappa bbinding activity in t cells from rcc patients may impair their capacity to respond normally to various stimuli
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recordings of multiunit sympathetic activity were made from median or peroneal muscle nerve fascicles in thirtythree healthy subjects resting in recumbent position simultaneous recordings of intraarterial blood pressure were made in seventeen subjects the neural activity quantified by counting the number of pulse synchronous sympathetic bursts in the mean voltage neurogram burst incidence was plotted against the arterial blood pressure level and the age of the subjects the effects of spontaneous temporary blood pressure fluctuations were studied by correlating different pressure parameters of individual heart beats to the probability of occurrence of a sympathetic burst and to the amplitude of the occurring burst between different subjects there were marked differences in burst incidence from less than to more than bursts heart beats no rho was found to interindividual differences in the arterial blood pressure level but there was a slight tendency for increasing burst incidence with increasing age irrespective of the magnitude of the burst incidence the bursts always occurred more frequently during spontaneous transient blood pressure reductions than during transient increases in blood pressure when for each HR cycle the occurrence of a sympathetic burst was correlated with different blood pressure parameters there was regularly a close negative correlation to Pd a low rho to systolic and an intermediary negative rho to mean blood pressure there was a positive correlation to PP pressure and to pulse interval when measured for individual HR beats not only the occurrence but also the mean voltage amplitude of the sympathetic bursts tended to increase with decreasing diastolic pressure in a given subject when comparing heart beats with the same Pd the occurrence as well as the amplitude of the sympathetic bursts was higher for heart beats occurring during falling than for HR beats occurring during rising blood pressure for a given change in diastolic blood pressure sympathetic activity changed more if pressure was falling than if it was rising the findings suggest that the sympathetic outflow is modulated by arterial baroreflex mechanisms and that transient variations in the strength of the activity are to a C1 extent determined by diastolic blood pressure fluctuations the intimate rho with dynamic variations in blood pressure and the absence of correlation to the static blood pressure level suggests that the sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscles is of importance for buffering acute blood pressure changes but has little influence on the long term blood pressure level the difference in reflex sensitivity between falling and rising pressure indicates that acute blood pressure decreases may be buffered more efficiently than acute blood pressure increases in twentyseven subjects baroreflex latency was calculated from the qrscomplexes in the ecg to the appropriate systolic inhibition in the sympathetic activity when recording in the peroneal nerve the latency ranged between and sec and there was a positive correlation with the height of the subjects it is suggested that such RL measurements may be used clinically to evaluate conduction in sympathetic MF
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polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes have a CE role in innate immunity and their PCD and removal are critical for efficient resolution of acute inflammation myeloperoxidase mpo a heme protein abundantly expressed in neutrophils is generally associated with killing of bacteria and oxidative tissue injury because mpo also binds to neutrophils we investigated whether mpo could affect the lifespan of neutrophils here we report that mpo independent of its catalytic activity through signaling via the adhesion molecule cdbcd rescued human neutrophils from constitutive apoptosis and prolonged their life span mpo evoked a transient concurrent activation of ERK kinase and akt leading to phosphorylation of bad at both ser and ser prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent activation of caspase consistently pharmacological inhibition of extracellular signalregulated kinase akt or ICE reversed the antiapoptosis action of mpo acute increases in plasma mpo delayed mu PMNL apoptosis assayed ex vivo in a mouse MM of selfresolving inflammation mpo also prolonged the duration of carrageenaninduced acute lung injury as evidenced by enhanced AP and accumulation of neutrophils parallel with suppression of PMNL apoptosis our results indicate that mpo functions as a survival signal for neutrophils and thereby contribute to prolongation of inflammation
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this perspective elaborates on the currently unfolding interest in integrating unorthodox noncovalent interactions into functional systems initial emphasis is on anionÏ interactions at work particularly in catalysis recent highlights are described in comparison to a coinciding renaissance of the more conventional chargeinverted cationÏ catalysis progress with these complementary aromatic systems is then compared to recent efforts to integrate halogen and chalcogen bonds the unorthodox counterparts of hydrogen bonds into FS general focus is on catalysis pertinent examples on selfassembly transport sensing and templation are covered as well
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cholecystokinin cck plays an important role in the regulation of PP gastric motor activity which was found to be abnormal in DU this T0 was designed to compare the influence of cck on gastric myoelectrical CF in DU ulcer patients and healthy controls fifteen patients with AS duodenal ulcer and helicobacterpylori h pylori infection and healthy controls were included into this study EGG egg was performed before and weeks T3 the eradication of h pylori in ulcer patients and in HCs we compared egg parameters in the fasting and postprandial period and during intravenous infusion of caerulein an analog of cck with or without addition of loxiglumide a specific cck receptor antagonist the amplitude of fasting egg in duodenal ulcer patients was similar to that in control subjects and was not affected by h pylori eradication in contrast the amplitude of postprandial egg was markedly increased in DU ulcer patients when compared to that in healthy controls and it was significantly reduced following the eradication of h pylori the blockade of cck receptors with loxiglumide in healthy controls or h pylori eradicated ulcer patients significantly enhanced PP egg amplitude almost to the level observed in the infected duodenal ulcer patients but failed to affect this amplitude in ulcer patients exogenous caerulein an analog of cck failed to affect egg amplitude in duodenal ulcer patients with h pylori infection but it reduced significantly egg amplitude in these patients after h pylori eradication and in control subjects this GABA effect of caerulein in h pylori negative ulcer patients and healthy controls was abolinew bone fills the intervening space there is a need for early assessment of the degree of bone healing that allows for normal functioning without unwanted SE this T0 compared different techniques used to evaluate the degree of bone healing during mandibular osteodistraction in rabbits for each rb the mandible was cut in a surgical procedure and then h later distraction began at a rate of mm per day bone formation at the distraction site was assessed by in vivo photodensitometry on head radiographs an in vivo nondestructive vibratory coherence test across the distraction site a postmortem ex vivo destructive threepoint bending mechanical test and by postmortem ex vivo destructive histological examination statistical analyses included analysis of variance and rho coefficient tests the findings revealed that the results of bone photodensity and the mechanical threepoint test are highly and positively correlated with the results of the vibration test the use of the vibration test may provide a substitute for or augment the routine use of radiography for in vivo evaluation and monitoring of bone healing
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matricellular proteins in the kidney have been associated with the development of TI fibrogenesis and the progression of renal disease this T0 investigated potential antifibrotic effects of the cytokine OM osm in human proximal tubule cells ptc particularly with regard to inhibition of profibrotic events initiated by tgfβ in human ptc osm diminished transforming growth factor tgfβinduced expression of the transcriptional EMT mediator foxc furthermore SE to osm att basal and tgfβinduced expression of the matricellular proteins sparc tsp tnc and ctgf regardless of the CS of ligand administration osm was shown to result in rapid and sustained phosphorylation of both stat and stat and also in transient phosphorylation of smad in contrast to tgfβ which demonstrated a gradually building phosphorylation of smad and a brief phosphorylation of smad utilizing receptorblocking molecules we found the inhibitory effect of osm on tgfβinduced ctgf mrna expression occurs independently of smad signaling and present evidence that this effect may be partially driven by osm receptormediated stat andor stat signaling pathways thereby providing a mechanism whereby osm can contribute to tubulointerstitial protection
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here we report a case of successful stomachpreserving pancreaticoduodenectomy with celiac artery resection for pancreatic CA with hepatic arterial variation a yearold woman was referred to our hospital for examination and treatment of pancreatic CA a ct scan showed a RT with suspected portal vein invasion at the body and head of the pancreas in contact with the CHA and the SA with °involvement contact with the celiac artery and left gastric artery was less than ° ct and angiography revealed hepatic arterial R2 in which the RA HA and the left HA arose from the superior mesent amplification mechanism plays a role here we show that the erbb oncogene at q is susceptible to palindromic gene amplification a mechanism characterized by the inverted palindromic duplication of genomic segments in herpositive breast tumors we applied two genomic approaches to investigate amplification mechanisms sequencing of dna libraries enriched with tumorderived palindromic dna genomewide analysis of palindrome formation and whole genome sequencing wgs we observed significant enrichment of palindromic dna within amplified erbb genomic segments palindromic dna was particularly EC at amplification peaks and at boundaries between amplified and normal copynumber regions thus palindromic gene amplification shaped the amplified erbb locus the enrichment of palindromic dna throughout the amplified segments leads us to propose that the erbb locus is amplified through the mechanism that repeatedly generates palindromic dna such as breakagefusionbridge cycles the genomic architecture surrounding erbb in the normal genome such as segmental duplications could promote the locusspecific mechanism
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a detrimental role for matrix metalloproteinase mmp has been identified in several pathological conditions eg lethal hepatitis and the SVR inflammatory response syndrome since matrix mmpdeficient mice are protected in the abovementioned diseases TPS mmp inhibitors could be of clinical value however targeting a TPS matrix metalloproteinase remains challenging due to the strong structural homology of matrix metalloproteinases which form a family of members in mammals singledomain antibodies called nanobodies offer a range of possibilities toward therapy since they are easy to generate express produce and modify eg by linkage to nanobodies directed against other target molecules hence we generated small mmpbinding nanobodies and established a proofofprinciple for developing nanobodies that inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity also we demonstrated for the first time the possibility of expressing nanobodies systemically by in vivo electroporation of the muscle and its relevance as a potential therapy in inflammatory diseases
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in the present work a novel SP SE spe sorbent was developed based on molecularly MIP mips immobilized on dprinted scaffolds using polymer networks as mipimmobilizing layer mips were produced by precipitation polymerization in acetonitrile acn using methacrylic acid maa as functional monomer trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate trim as crosslinker and metergoline as model template which allows final recognition of ergot alkaloid mycotoxins scanning electron microscopy sem and dynamic CS scattering dls analyses showed an average mip particle size of ± nm functional mip analysis revealed dissociation constants k
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the present T0 was undertaken to determine whether aprindine a class ib antiarrythymic agent exerts beneficial effects on ischemiareperfusioninduced cardiac contractile dysfunction and metabolic derangement isolated rat NF were subjected to min GI followed by min reperfusion and functional and metabolic alterations of the HR were determined with or without aprindinetreatment ischemia induced a cessation of left ventricular developed pressure lvdp a rise in left ventricular enddiastolic pressure lvedp and an increase in myocardial sodium content and a decrease in myocardial potassium content when the NF were reperfused little REC of lvdp and sustained rise in lvedp and perfusion pressure were observed ischemiareperfusion resulted in a release of atp metabolites and creatine kinase from perfused hearts an increase in myocardial sodium and calcium contents and a decrease in myocardial potassium and magnesium contents treatment of the perfused heart with either or microm aprindine for the last min of preischemia improved contractile recovery during reperfusion and suppressed changes in myocardial ion content during ischemia and reperfusion treatment with the agent also attenuated the PR of atp metabolites and creatine kinase from the heart however treatment with high concentrations of aprindine and microm improved neither cardiac contractile dysfunction myocardial ionic disturbance nor the PR of atp metabolites and creatine kinase during reperfusion two possible mechanisms for the cardioprotection by the agent have been suggested suppression of transmembrane flux of substrates and enzymes and prevention of accumulation of myocardial sodium during ischemia
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the coding sequence for rabbit muscle protein phosphatase inhibitor was inserted into the peta expression vector this vector allowed the expression of recombinant inhibitor at levels of ca of the soluble protein a simple procedure allowed the purification of inhibitor from escherichia coli lysates this involved heattreatment followed by chromatography on bluesepharose and qsepharose recombinant inhibitor inhibited rb muscle protein phosphatase with a potency similar to that reported for the wild type protein the recombinant protein was coupled to chsepharose and this support was found to bind the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase with high efficiency a procedure for a singlestep affinity purification of recombinant ppase from e coli lysates was shown to be feasible
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mechanisms underlying vasodilatation to nerve stimulation by electrical pulses and NIC were analyzed in isolated canine small labial arteries transmural electrical stimulation and hz produced a contraction followed by a EC50 in labial arterial strips denuded of the endothelium partially contracted with prostaglandin falpha the contraction was abolished by prazosin or combined treatment with alpha betamethylene atp in the treated strips neurogenic relaxation was abolished by ngnitrolarginine lna a nitric oxide no synthase inhibitor and restored by larginine the denantiomers were without effect NIC m also relaxed the arteries in which the contractile response was abolished by prazosin and alpha betamethylene atp the relaxant response was att but not abolished by lna the inhibition was reversed by larginine the remaining relaxation by NIC was abolished by calcitonin generelated peptide cgrp to a cgrp receptor antagonist relaxations elicited by a lower concentration of nicotine x m sufficient to produce similar magnitudes of response to those induced by hz electrical nerve stimulation were also inhibited partially by lna histochemical study with the ND method demonstrated positively stained nerve SF and bundles in the arterial wall suggesting the presence of neuronal no synthase it is concluded that the EC50 induced by ENS of small labial arteries is mediated exclusively by no synthesized from larginine in nerve terminals whereas NIC in the concentrations used evokes relaxations by a mediation of nervederived no and also cgrp possibly from sensory nerves the reason why nicotine but not electrical pulses stimulates sensory SN and elicits vasorelaxation remains unsolved
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the present T0 examined the LT photoepilatory effect on blond and white hair of a combined intense pulsed light nm device with a bipolar radiofrequency component producing electrical current at a depth of mm
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a practical quantitative single photon emission computed tomographic spect technique based on an empirical threshold analysis permits accurate measurements in humans of drug delivery and absorbed radiation dose the limits of the method have been explored using a wide range of phantom volumes concentrations and targettonontarget ratios a threshold of was found to give the best results using volumes of to cc an excellent rho r with a standard error of estimate see of cc was found between spect measured volumes and actual phantom volumes a similarly high correlation r see countsvoxel was found in measurements of concentrations between and microcicc there was a direct relationship between the targettonontarget ratio of phantoms and the accuracy of volume measurements the technique has been validated by an excellent in vivoin vitro rho of uptake in human tumors the RT cumulative concentration and tumortoblood ratio were used for assessment of drug delivery in vivo quantitative measurements of the pharmacokinetics of technetiumm mtc glucoheptonate cobalt co bthe interpersonal skills necessary to create the chemistry mandatory for the shared decision making called teamwork
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as the realization of a fully operational quantum computer remains distant quantum simulation whereby one quantum system is engineered to simulate another becomes a key goal of great practical importance here we report on a variational method exploiting the NK physics of cavity qed architectures to simulate strongly interacting quantum fields our scheme is broadly applicable to any architecture involving tunable and strongly nonlinear interactions with CS as an example we demonstrate that existing cavity devices could simulate models of strongly interacting bosons the scheme can be extended to simulate systems of entangled multicomponent fields beyond the reach of existing classical simulation methods
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to evaluate the benefit of diffusionweighted imaging dwi in differentiating xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis from the wallthickening type of GB cancer
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high levels of physical activity seem to positively influence health and cognition across the lifespan several studies have found that aerobic exercise enhances cognition and likely prevents cognitive decline in the elderly nevertheless the association of incidental physical activity ipa with health and cognition during aging has not been studied thus the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the association of ipa level with cognitive functions and resting electroencephalogram eeg in healthy old participants participants n with normal scores on psychometric and neuropsychological tests and normal values in blood analyses were included a cluster analysis based on the scores of the yale physical activity scale ypas allowed the formation of two CG active with high C2 of ipa and passive with low C2 of ipa eyesclosed resting eeg was recorded from the participants the fast fourier transform was used offline to calculate AP ap relative SP rp and mean frequency mf measures there were no differences in SES cognitive reserve general cognitive status or lipid and tsh profiles between the CG the results of cognitive tests revealed significant differences in the performance variables of the wais scores p with advantages for the AS group the resting eeg exhibited significantly slower activity involving the frontal CE and temporal regions in the passive group p specifically higher delta rp f t lower delta mf f c t t fz cz higher theta ap c higher theta rp f c t fz lower alpha ap f f t lower alpha rp f and lower total mf f f t t fz were found altogether these results suggest that ipa induces a neuroprotective effect which is reflected both in behavioral and electrophysiological variables during aging
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newborn p and p through dayold p rats were studied using light microscopic golgi and ultrastructural methods previous studies demonstrated that earlyformed synapses are concentrated at specific cortical depths ie in strata the present study shows that the synaptic stratum in the MZ corresponds to a dense fiber plexus and few somata CR cells axons in this zone almost exclusively form synapses on distal branches of dendrites originating in deeper lamina in P0 neocortex there is a second synaptic stratum located deep to the cortical plate it contains numerous axosomatic and axoproximal dendritic synapses as well as the most highly differentiated somata and PT dendrites by age p there are synaptic strata one each in the marginal zone cortical SP and subplate layers for all strata a SN most differentiated dendrites aredes retained glandular DP the ultrastructure showed mucinproducing columnar cells lining glandular lumina and poorly differentiated squamous cells elsewhere further cells of the intermediate type between the two were present this study indicates that ASC of the vulva is a distinctively separate entity from squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and possibly arises from mucinproducing cells of the skin appendages as suggested by johnson and helwig
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pregnancy outcomes in women with inadvertent SE to lovastatin and simvastatin during pregnancy have been examined based on reports submitted to the manufacturer as part of worldwide postmarketing surveillance there were reports of SE during pregnancy in which pregnancy outcome was known among prospectively followed pregnancies with known outcome the proportion of normal outcomes was congenital anomalies spontaneous abortions fetal deathsstillbirths and miscellaneous adverse outcomes while the number of prospective reports available for evaluation were only sufficient to rule out a three to fourfold increase in the overall frequency of congenital anomalies these proportions do not exceed what would be expected in the general population based on findings from this interim DUE there is no relationship between SE to therapeutic doses of these agents during pregnancy and the occurrence of adverse pregnan amps effects on sugar consumption in low and high rats one group of rats received ip injections of and mgkg amp while a second group was po and mgkg amp a third group of rats received intranucleus accumbens acc microinjections of low to moderate micrograms doses of amp because evidence indicates that this may be an important site of action for amps effects on FF in low and high rats results showed that at low doses or mgkg amp stimulated sugar consumption in low rats and either had no effect or inhibited consumption in high rats at doses greater than mgkg amp inhibited sugar consumption in both low and high rats furthermore intraacc administration of amp stimulated sugar intake in low rats and produced a slight but nonsignificant decrease in consumption in high rats taken together these results show that low and high rats exhibit individual differences in their feeding response to low but not moderate to high doses of amp furthermore the evidence indicates that the ace is an important site for amps facilitatory effect on sugar consumption in low rats
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smoking is a public health risk the prevalence of smoking among adults in nebraska is studies indicate that maltreatment of children alters their BB development possibly increasing risk for tobacco use previous studies have documented associations between childhood maltreatment and adult health behaviors demonstrating the influence of adverse experiences on tobacco use we examined prevalence and associations between adverse childhood experiences and smoking among nebraskans
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the effects of MW irradiation at two different frequencies and ghz on observingbehavior of rodents were investigated during daily irradiation eight male hooded rats performed on a twolever task depression of one lever produced one of two different tones and the other lever produced food when depressed in the presence of the appropriate tone at ghz the observingresponse rate was not consistently affected until the power density approximated mwcm at ghz the observingresponse rate of all rats was consistently affected at a power density of mwcm the respective wholebody SARs sars were and wkg measurements of localized sar in a ratshaped MM of simulated muscle tissue revealed marked differences in the absorption DP between the two frequencies the localized sar in the models head at ghz was higher on the side distal to the source of radiation at ghz the localized sar in the head was higher on the PT side it is concluded that the rats observing SMB is disrupted at a lower power density at than at ghz because of deeper penetration of energy at the lower frequency and because of frequencydependent differences in anatomic distribution of the absorbed microwave energy
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early studies demonstrating the ability of dietary carotenes to prevent infections have left open the possibility that the action of these carotenoids may be through their prior conversion to vitamin a subsequent studies to demonstrate the TPS action of dietary carotenoids have used carotenoids without provitamin a activity such as lutein canthaxanthin lycopene and astaxanthin in fact these nonprovitamin a carotenoids were as AS and at times more AS than betacarotene in enhancing cellmediated and humoral immune response in animals and humans another approach to T0 the possible specific role of dietary carotenoids ha direct visualization of renal microcirculation in SF and juxtamedullary nephrons in an in vivo in situ and relatively IN setting in the presence of e an angiotensin receptor blocker cilazaprilat microgkg had no effect on diameter of SF afferent arterioles aff but it increased renal contents of BK and nitrate plus nitrite and it elicited dilation of juxtamedullary aff from to microm juxtamedullary efferent arterioles eff from to microm and superficial eff from to microm these changes in diameters were prevented by nalphaadamantaneacetyldarghypthidphebradykinin a bradykinin receptor antagonist the pretreatment with nitrolarginine methylester lname plus e eliminated the dilator response of juxtamedullarysuperficial eff and the increase in renal nitrate plus nitrite C2 induced by cilazaprilat in contrast in the presence of elname cilazaprilat still caused dilation of juxtamedullary aff which was CR eliminated by proadifen a cytochromep and kca channel blocker collectively the ace inhibitor exerts multiple vasodilator mechanisms including the inhibition of angiotensin ii formation blockade of angiotensin ii activity appears to be a dominant mechanism in SF aff whereas the bradykinininduced no acts on superficial eff and JM affeff furthermore a putative edhf is an additional mechanism for the ace inhibitorinduced vasodilation of JM aff in vivo
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bombyx mori silk fibers were dissolved in nmethyl morpholine noxide mmno an organic cyclic amine oxide used for the solvent spinning of regenerated cellulosic fibers the commercial mmno monohydrate used in this T0 as a solvent for silk is a hygroscopic compound crystalline at RT which becomes an active solvent after melting at degrees c the degree of hydration of mmno was checked by dsc measurements the solvation power of mmno towards silk fibroin drastically decreased at a water content or ww dissolution of silk required both thermal and mechanical SE the optimum temperature was degrees c at lower temperatures dissolution proceeded very slowly at higher temperatures rapid depolymerization of silk fibroin occurred the value of the floryhuggins interaction parameter chi for the mmnohosilk fibroin system was suggesting that dissolution is a thermodynamically favored process the extent of degradation of SF was assessed by measuring the intrinsic viscosity and determining the amino acid composition of silk T3 regeneration with an AQ methanol solution which was ERP in removing the solvent and coagulating silk regenerated silk fibroin membranes were characterized by infrared spectroscopy differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy the prevailing molecular conformation of silk fibroin chains was the betasheet structure as shown by the intense amide iiii bands at and cm the value of the ii intensity ratio crystallinity index was comparable to that of the fibers the dsc thermogram was characteristic of a silk fibroin material with unoriented betasheet crystalline structure with an intense decomposition endotherm at degrees c the sem examination of fractured surfaces showed the presence of a dense microstructure with a very fine texture formed by densely packed roundish particles of about nm diameter
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this T0 was an attempt to analyse the regional environmental SQ with the application of RS geographical NIS and spatial multiple criteria decision analysis and to project a quantitative method applicable to identify the status of the regional environment of the study area using spatial multicriteria evaluation smce RPA with expert knowledge in this T0 an integrated regional environmental quality index reqi was computed and classified into five C2 of regional environment quality viz worse poor moderate good and very good during the process a set of spatial criteria were selected here criterions together with the degree of importance of criteria in sustainability of the regional environment integrated RS and gis technique and models were applied to generate the necessary factors criterions maps for the smce RPA the ranking along with expected value method was used to standardize the factors and on the other hand an analytical hierarchy process ahp was applied for calculating factor weights the entire process was executed in the integrated land and water information system ilwis software tool that supports smce the analysis showed that the overall regional environmental quality of the area was at moderate level and was partly determined by elevation areas under worse and poor SQ of environment indicated that the regional environmental status showed decline in these parts of the county the T0 also revealed that the human MICs vegetation condition soil erosion topography climate and soil conditions have serious influence on the regional environment condition of the area considering the regional characteristics of environmental SQ priority and practical needs for environmental restoration the study area was further regionalized into four priority areas which may serve as base areas of decision making for the REC rebuilding and protection of the environment
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the posttranscriptional regulation of glucose transporter glut mRNA may be mediated by specific interactions of cytosolic proteins and RII ciselements within the untranslated regions utrs of the glut mrna these putative cistrans interactions were examined in the present studies with rnase t protection assays using plabeled glut utr prepared from transcription plasmids and cytosolic proteins from c C6 cells rnase t mapping studies localized a ciselement to nucleotides on the bovine glut mrna utr ultraviolet crosslinking of RNP complexes identified two complexes having molecular masses of and kda competition studies with synthetic rna and oligodeoxynucleotides showed the kda complex reacted with nucleotides and that the kda complex reacted with sequences within nucleotides of the bovine glut mrna the glut utr between nucleotides and was generated by PCR reaction and subcloned at a unique pflmi site within the utr of a luciferase gene within the mammalian expression vector pgl transfection of c rat glioma cells with the CALUX vector containing this portion of the glut utr resulted in a sixfold increase in luciferase mRNA in c cells the identification of these cistrans mechanisms provides support for the hypothesis that the posttranscriptional regulation of glut gene expression may be mediated by the interaction of specific cytosolic proteins with the glut mrna utr
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molecular beacons are a novel class of oligonucleotide probe capable of reporting the accumulation of target amplicon during realtime pcr by the emission of a fluorescent signal a novel assay for the detection and estimation of respiratory syncytial virus rsv nucleic acid in clinical specimens based on realtime pcr utilising such a probe was developed the probe consisted of two short arm sequences and a central loop sequence cDNA to a region of the n gene the target amplicon the probe was characterised and a semiquantitative nested RT pcr using a lightcycler instrument was optimised standard curves were generated using cycle threshold ct values calculated from several assays over a range of logarithmic rsv titres linear coefficient correlations were close to one r and the detection limit of the optimiss responded to preincentive mailings and of those initially unresponsive replied after the interventions in conclusion the opportunity to receive cme credit combined with a small monetary incentive is an ERP motivation for physicians participating in a T0 involving mailed questionnaires
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livers of turkeys fed low and high glucosinolate rapeseed meal diets for weeks were examined ultrastructurally hepatocytes from birds fed on tower RSM mg of glucosinolate per g showed a mild accumulation of lipid droplets and an apparent increase in lysosomes and microbodies the parenchymal cells of the livers of turkeys fed on target rapeseed meal mg of glucosinolate per g exhibited varying degrees of degenerative change dilation of endoplasmic reticulum swelling of mitochondria with fragmentation and loss of cristae presence of autophagic vacuoles myelinoid HB electrondense lipidlike droplets vesiculation of cytoplasm and CN of the hepatocytes the electrondense lipidlike bodies were most frequent at the biliary pole sinusoids near the degenerating HCs were often disrupted and perisinusoidal mesenchymal cells in the area showed distended cisternae of GER such cells or fatstoring cells were frequently seen in the vicinity of proliferated collagen fibrils and degenerating hepatocytes these observations suggest that degenerative alterations of hepatocytes accompanied or preceded the OD of fibrosis in turkeys fed RSM high in glucosinolate
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BG intravascular lymphoma ivl is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the proliferation of C1 b lymphoma cells within the lumen of smallcaliber blood vessels clinical features are nonspecific presenting as a systemic disease with fever and may be lifethreatening antemortem diagnosis is difficult but may be made with biopsies of affected tissues or with random skin biopsies case report we report the case of a yearold WG woman presenting with fever of unknown origin fuo who developed neurologic pulmonary and hematologic manifestations the diagnosis of intravascular C1 b cell lymphoma ivlbcl was made by random skin biopsies she received treatment with steroids rituximab cyclophosphamide vincristine and doxorubicin rchop her disease evolution was unfavorable and she died T3 her first cycle of chemotherapy conclusions our case illustrates that ivl can present as fuo and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of this syndrome especially in patients with neurologic compromise and persistently elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase in this case the diagnosis was made with cutaneous biopsies of visibly unaffected skin as in our patient the course of ivl is usually fatal within a few months
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we present a general approach for the targeting and imaging of cancer cells using dendrimerentrapped gold nanoparticles au denps au denps were found to be able to covalently link with targeting and imaging ligands for subsequent cancercell targeting and imaging the au denps linked with defined numbers of folic acid fa and fluorescein isothiocyanate fi molecules are water soluble SD and biocompatible in vitro studies show that the fa and fimodified au denps can specifically bind to kb cells a human epithelial HEp-2 that overexpress highaffinity folate receptors and they are internalized dominantly into lysosomes of target cells within h these findings demonstrate that au denps may serve as a GA platform for cancer imaging and therapeutics
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analysis of a microscopic landauginzburgwilson model of d shortranged wetting shows that correlation functions are characterized by two length scales not one as previously thought this has a simple diagrammatic explanation using a nonlocal interfacial hamiltonian and yields a thermodynamically consistent theory of wetting in keeping with exact sum rules for critical wetting the second length serves to lower the cutoff in the spectrum of interfacial fluctuations determining the repulsion from the wall we show how this corrects previous renormalization group predictions for fluctuation effects based on local interfacial hamiltonians in particular lowering the cutoff leads to a substantial reduction in the effective value of the wetting parameter and prevents the transition being driven first order quantitative comparison with ising model simulation studies due to binder landau and coworkers is also made
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small decreases in hydration status can result in a dramatic decrement in athletic performance and greatly increase the risk of thermal injury because of its osmotic properties which enable greater fluid PR than the ingestion of water alone glycerol has been proposed as a hyperhydrating agent in fact glycerol is now commercially available and marketed as a sport supplement to be ingested with water or sport drinks thus dietitians need to be cognizant of this new addition to the sports nutrition table the results of glycerolinduced hyperhydration research have been equivocal most likely because of methodologic differences between studies such as variations in the intensity of exercise environmental conditions and concentration or dose of glycerol po although the suggested dosage of glycerol depends on body size and varies between manufacturers gkg body weight with an additional l fluid taken to minutes before competition is standard some test subjects reported feeling bloated or nauseated after ingesting glycerol this review examines glycerolinduced hyperhydration research and the safety of ingesting glycerol discusses commercial availability of glycerol collected by the farmers at calving and at six subsequent milkings geometricmean somatic RCC scc decreased from at calving to cellsml at the sixth milking after calving in quarters INF with major pathogenic bacteria geometricmean scc was cellsml at calving and cellsml at the sixth milking after calving in quarters infected with minor pathogenic bacteria geometricmean scc was cellsml at calving and cellsml at the C6 milking after calving in culturenegative quarters geometricmean scc decreased from at calving to cellsml at the sixth milking after calving quarter scc can be used early postpartum to give an indication of intramammary infection status
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the anthracycline drug THP tetrahydropyranyladriamycin thp apparently has been reported to show fewer cardiotoxic effects than doxorubicin we have previously described the effectiveness of the rthpcop regimen comprising RTX cyclophosphamide THP vincristine and prednisolone in patients with diffuse C1 bcell lymphoma we conducted a phase ii T0 to determine the effectiveness of a regimen incorporating rituximab rthpcop for patients with previously UT advancedstage indolent cdpositive bcell lymphoma according to the working formulation and world health organization classification four to six courses of the regimen were po every weeks in patients the CR remission rate was while the year overall survival rate was regimenrelated death was not observed the rthpcop regimen appears very ERP for patients with previously UT advancedstage indolent CD4+ bcell lymphoma the present results indicate the need for randomized trials of rchop rituximab cyclophosphamide doxorubicin vincristine and prednisolone and rthpcop among patients with CD4+ indolent lymphoma
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the T0 examined the relation between frequency of penilevaginal intercourse fsi contrasted with other sexual SMB and alexithymia difficulty recognizing identifying and communicating emotions reduced fantasy capacity and an externally oriented cognitive style to minimize response bias persons scoring above the th percentile on the eysenck personality inventory lie scale were excluded participants female and male healthy young adults completed the german version of the toronto alexithymia scale tas and provided both recall and diary measures of fsi partner sex without vaginal intercourse and masturbation for women tas scores were inversely associated with both recall and diary measures of fsi but not other sexual SMB for men tas scores were unrelated to all sexual behavior measures thus for normal women but not men alexithymia was specifically associated with lower fsi results are discussed in terms of the unique nature of penilevaginal intercourse emotional integration and sexuality and both less alexithymia and greater fsi being associated with indices of better PCS and psychological health
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htyrticsrbetamephepheoh where tic tetrahydroisoquinolinecarboxylic acid with a SRA of cimmol was synthesized and characterized in receptor binding assays at degrees c in rat brain CM the TPS IB was saturable and displayed high affinity with a kd of nm and bmax of fmolmg protein nacl increased its affinity by about fold in CM of rat BB and CHO-K1 stably transfected with the human deltaopioid receptors hdorcho showing that the new ligand is an antagonist the prototypic deltaopioid ligands were much more potent than mu or kappaspecific ligands in competition assays the autoradiographic CSD of the binding CS of the new ligand agreed with the known locations of the deltaopioid receptors in rat brain the unlabeled new ligand was about fold more potent than the parent peptide in competing for the IB CS of htyrticsrbetamephepheoh in rat brain CM likewise the threobetamethyl analog was fold more potent than the parent compound in antagonizing the effect of dpdpe in the sgtpgammas PET CA in hdorcho CM the new highly potent conformationally constrained antagonist may be a valuable pharmacological tool in understanding the structural and topographical requirements of peptide ligand binding to the deltaopioid receptors
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to describe trends in courtmandated treatment in pregnancy in particular to determine whether pregnant women who enter treatment via the criminal justice system differ from women who enter voluntarily
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this T0 characterizes the relationship between latediastolic doppler detected forward flow in the left ventricular outflow tract and diastolic transmitral flow PW doppler interrogation of the left ventricular outflow tract in a prospective consecutive series n revealed the presence of enddiastolic forward flow in of the patients studied further quantification of both flow signals was performed in patients PW mapping demonstrated that peak velocity of the enddiastolic left ventricular outflow tract signal j wave was maximal cm from the aortic valve anulus and occurred ms T3 the peak transmitral atrial velocity flow signal peak j velocity ranged from to cm per second and correlated with peak a velocity r p less than peak j velocity was inversely related to left VVI EDV dimension r p less than and left VVI enddiastolic volume r p less than there was no relationship between j wave velocity and early diastolic filling we concluded that a latediastolic forward flow signal is commonly observed in the left VVI outflow tract it is a manifestation of transmitral atrial systolic flow in the left ventricular outflow tract and is determined predominantly by peak transmitral atrial velocity and left ventricular size
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subclinical hepatic encephalopathy she is currently diagnosed by psychometric tests or neurophysiologic techniques in view of its sociomedical relevance simple and reproducible tests for routine diagnosis are required this T0 evaluates critical flickerfrequency thresholds for quantification of lowgrade HE a total of patients with cirrhosis controls were analyzed for he severity mental state computerized psychometric tests and the threshold frequencies at which light pulses are perceived as fused F0 frequency or flickering light critical flicker frequency cff cff was a highly reproducible parameter with little age daytime and training dependency cffs in cirrhotic patients without he he were not different from those found in noncirrhotic controls significantly lower cffs were found in cirrhotic patients with subclinical or manifest he and the various he CG separated from each other at a high level of significance p by using a cff cutoff value of hz a separation of patients with manifest he from noncirrhotic controls and he cirrhotic patients was obtained she patients separated from he cirrhotic patients with high sensitivity and specificity the he severitydependent differences were found in both alcoholic and posthepatitic cirrhosis statistically significant correlations p were found between cffs and individual psychometric tests aggravation of preexisting he after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt tips implantation was accompanied by a corresponding decrease of cff whereas improvement of he increased cff in conclusion cff is a sensitive simple and reliable parameter for quantification of lowgrade he severity in cirrhotic patients and may be useful for the detection and monitoring of she
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cardiomyocytes cms from induced CFU-S stem ips cells mark an important achievement in the development of in vitro pharmacological toxicological and developmental assays and in the establishment of protocols for cardiac cell replacement therapy using cms generated from mu embryonic stem cells and ips cells we found increased cellmatrix interaction and more matured embryoid body eb structures in ips cellderived ebs however neither suspensionculture in form of purified cardiac clusters nor adherenceculture on traditional CC plastic allowed for extended culture of cms cms grown for five weeks on PS exhibit signs of massive mechanical AS as indicated by αsmooth muscle actin expression and loss of sarcomere integrity hydrogels from polyacrylamide allow adapting of the matrix stiffness to that of cardiac tissue we were able to eliminate the bottleneck of low cell adhesion using dioxopyrrolidinylacrylamidohexanoate as a crosslinker to immobilize matrix proteins on the gels surface finally we present an easy method to generate polyacrylamide gels with a physiological youngs modulus of kpa and defined surface ligand facilitating the culture of murine and human ipscms removing excess mechanical stresses and reducing the risk of TC artifacts exerted by stiff substrates
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alopecia areata aa is regarded as a tissuespecific autoimmune disease for which several therapies have been suggested to modify the immune reaction against hfs such as contact immunotherapy psoralen plus ultraviolet a puva corticosteroids cyclosporine minoxidil and dithranol however severe type aa such as AT at and alopecia universalis au often show resistance against these therapies we applied a ACT with oral corticosteroid and oral puva for intractable cases of at and au these patients took mgday corticosteroid and were irradiated with uva on the whole body h T3 taking methoxsalen for month in all patients the terminal hair on the whole scalp regrew T3 months two patients had a relapse of hair loss months T3 the termination of the treatment facs analysis revealed that the cdcdhigh and cdcdfoxp treg population in pbmc was increased after the combination therapy furthermore the number of infiltrating cells decreased and foxp cells were often found in lesion skin T3 the combination therapy mitogeninduced proliferation tests showed low responses against pha and con a T3 the ACT taken together the combination therapy may modify the SVR IS and increase the number of treg cells resulting in improvement of recalcitrant aa
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lipopolysaccharide was isolated from the cellwalls of a human strain of aeromonas hydrophila by the AQ PH method in yield based on dry weight of bacteria the lipopolysaccharide consisted of srpolysaccharide coreoligosaccharide and lipid a there was no ospecific polysaccharide the core had the composition dgalactose dglucose dglycerodmannoheptose lglycerodmannoheptose and dglucosamine in a molar ratio of glucosamine was linked to an lglycerodmannoheptose residue by a bond which was resistant to hydrolysis the dglucosamineldheptose disaccharide was isolated and identified by the mass spectrum of its methylated alditol and the heptose residue not observed under normal hydrolysis conditions was easily determined after deamination of the CR core methylation analysis chemical degradation periodate and chromium trioxide oxidations and nuclear magnetic resonance c and h nmr spectroscopy were used to identify the structure of the core oligosaccharide as formula see text
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exposure of male syrian hamsters to a short daylength of ld leads to gonadal regression this effect of photoperiod was prevented by pinealectomy or chronic SE of the brain to exogenous melatonin delivered from indwelling cannulae however the effect of melatonin was dependent on the neural site of application melatonin delivered into the midbrain lateral hypothalamus or amygdala was ineffective in contrast BL administration of melatonin to the medial or amygdala was ineffective in contrast bilateral administration of melatonin to the MH prevented testicular regression and maintained high circulating levels of luteinizing hormone and prolactin these findings suggest that the medial hypothalamus contains target sites for melatonin involved in pinealmediated photoperiodic responses
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it was attempted to assess the incidence of thyroid diseases in polish children born between who at the time of the chernobyl nuclear disaster were years old or whose mothers were in the third trimester of pregnancy children have been examined girls and boys the following were assessed in each child the health status the developmental level the thyroid US and the level of tsh ft antithyroid antibodies atm and atgl in the BS disorders in thyroid morphology abnormal echogenicity have been found in children almost twice as much in girls than in boys goiter has been recognized in of all children an abnormal echogenity in and focal changes in of children have been found to have a high level of atm antibodies and a high level of atgl antibodies among children who had thyroidectomy children have been diagnosed to have ca papillary and childrenadenoma
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laparoscopic techniques have facilitated dissection of the esophageal hiatus by providing clearer visualization and access to this region thus enabling successful ARS we have performed laparoscopic ARS in patients with symptomatic GE reflux disease gerd refractory to medical management including patients with C1 paraesophageal hernias and six patients who had undergone previous antireflux surgery eightyone per cent n underwent a laparoscopic toupet fundoplication procedure and had a laparoscopic NF of the surgical repairs for paraesophageal hernias were accomplished with the nissen procedure regardless of the laparoscopic technique oral feedings were resumed on the first postoperative day and patients were typically discharged within to hours T3 surgery all of our patients reported symptomatic improvement following the laparoscopic antireflux T0 with per cent of the patients undergoing the toupet fundoplication and per cent of those having the nissen repair rating their postoperative results excellent only one patient had to be converted to an open procedure per cent none of the patients in this series died and the complication rate was only per cent six patients required reoperation per cent including three of whom originally presented with difficult paraesophageal hernias and did not undergo an initial fundoplication procedure thus LF procedures appear to provide sustained symptomatic relief for patients with refractory GE reflux disease with a rapid recovery and a low incidence of complications
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an EC detection technique based on combination of was coulometric differential fast fourier transformation admittance voltammetry cdfftav and nanocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode was successfully applied for CS determination of AML the nanocomposite film was made by a mixture of IL ethylmethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate emimbf multiwall carbon nanotube and au nanoparticles as electrochemical mediators studies reveal that the irreversible oxidation of AML was highly facile on the electrode surface the EC response was established on calculation of the charge under the admittance peak which was obtained by discrete integration of the admittance response in a selected potential range obtained in a flow i.t. analysis once established the best operative optimum conditions the resulting nanocomposite film electrode showed a catalytic effect on the oxidation of the analyte the response is linear in the AML concentration range of à to à m with a PCD limit of à m moreover the proposed technique exhibited high sensitivity fast response time less than s and LT stability and reproducibility around and it was successfully used to the determination of AML content in the pharmaceutical formulation
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SC is characterized by the formation of osteocartilaginous nodules free HB under the surface of the synovial membrane in joints free bodies and synovium isolated from synovial chondromatosis patients expressed high levels of bmp and bmp mrnas bmp stimulated the expression of sox cola and aggrecan mrnas in freebody and synovial cells and that of runx cola and osteocalcin mrnas in the synovial QTc cells only bmp increased the number of alcian bluepositive colonies in the freebody cell culture but not in the synovial cell SC noggin suppressed the expression of sox cola aggrecan and runx mrnas in both the freebody and synovial cells further it inhibited osteocalcin expression in the synovial cells these results suggest that bmps are involved in the pathobiology of cartilaginous and osteogenic metaplasia observed in synovial chondromatosis
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our objective was to determine if methylumbelliferyllabelled enzyme substrates could be used to detect and quantify specific components of chitinase and cellulase activities as specific indicators of the presence and activity of fungal biomass the fluorogenic substrates methylumbelliferyl muf nacetylbetadglucosaminide and muf betadlactoside were used for the detection and quantification of betanacetylglucosaminidase ec nagase and endo betaglucanase ec cellobiohydrolase ec celase respectively SC screenings on solid media showed a widespread ability to produce nagase among a taxonomically diverse selection of fungi on media with and without added chitin nagase activity was expressed only in a limited number of bacteria and on media supplemented with chitin the celase activity was observed only in a limited number of fungi and bacteria bacterial celase activity was expressed on agar media containing a cellulosederived ATP in soil samples nagase activity was significantly correlated with estimates of fungal biomass based on the content of two fungusspecific indicator molecules omega phospholipid fatty acid plfa and ergosterol celase activity was significantly correlated with the plfabased estimate of fungal biomass in the soil but no correlation was found with ergosterolbased estimates of fungal biomass
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the effect of and min cold stress was analyzed on ROS species ros formation peritoneal macrophage production of cytokines and corticosterone level under the opiate ARB it was observed that mice exposed to °c for min demonstrated the ros inhibition the effect was leveled against the BG of naloxone introduction the animal group subjected to min AS on the contrary showed the naloxonedependent promotion of ros product both SCV of cold AS did not render significant effect on ilà production against min cold stress the tnfα production was naloxonedependently stimulated both in spontaneous and zymosaninduced cultures il production by macrophages was improved irrespective of the cold stress duration as well as stimulation presence or absence and was abolished against a background of opiate ARB therefore the directionality of acute cold stress on the macrophage functions was dependent both on the parameters analyzed and on the duration of the SE while the opiate ARB significantly modified the immunoregulatory effects of HT
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seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics caused by influenza a viruses are of continuous concern the viral nonstructural ns protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that antagonizes several host innate immune defenses during infection ns also directly stimulates class ia phosphoinositide kinase pik signaling an essential cell survival pathway commonly mutated in human cancers here we present a a resolution crystal structure of the ns ED in complex with the intersh CC domain of pbeta a RII subunit of pik our data emphasize the remarkable isoform specificity of this interaction and provide insights into the mechanism by which ns activates the pik pbetap holoenzyme a MM of the nspik heterotrimeric complex reveals that ns uses the CC as a structural tether to sterically prevent normal inhibitory contacts between the nterminal sh domain of pbeta and the p catalytic subunit furthermore in this model ns makes extensive contacts with the ckinase domains of p and a small acidic alphahelix of ns sits adjacent to the highly basic activation loop of the enzyme during infection a recombinant influenza a virus expressing ns with chargedisruption mutations in this acidic alphahelix is unable to stimulate the production of phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate or the phosphorylation of akt despite this the chargedisruption mutations in ns do not affect its ability to interact with the pbeta intersh domain in vitro overall these data suggest that both direct IB of ns to pbeta resulting in repositioning of the NT sh domain and possible nsp contacts contribute to pik activation
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aspergillus flavus is a morphologically complex species that can produce the group of polyketide derived carcinogenic and mutagenic secondary metabolites aflatoxins as well as other secondary metabolites such as cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem aflatoxin causes aflatoxicosis when aflatoxins are ingested through contaminated food and feed in addition aflatoxin contamination is a L1 problem from both an economic and health aspect in developing countries especially asia and africa where cereals and peanuts are important food crops earlier measures for control of a flavus infection and consequent aflatoxin contamination centered on creating unfavorable environments for the pathogen and destroying contaminated products while OD of atoxigenic nonaflatoxin producing strains of a flavus as viable commercial biocontrol agents has marked a unique advance for control of aflatoxin contamination particularly in africa new insights into the biology and sexuality of a flavus are now providing opportunities to design improved atoxigenic strains for sustainable biological control of aflatoxin further progress in the use of molecular technologies such as incorporation of antifungal genes in the host and hostinduced gene silencing is providing knowledge that could be harnessed to develop germplasm that is resistant to infection by a flavus and aflatoxin contamination this review summarizes the substantial progress that has been made to understand the biology of a flavus and mitigate aflatoxin contamination with emphasis on maize concepts developed to date can provide a basis for future research efforts on the sustainable management of aflatoxin contamination
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mild PS affects the serotonergic system in the hippocampus of rat F1 pregnant rats were daily exposed to mild AS treatments consisting of crowding and saline i.t. during days to of pregnancy their F1 were assessed by a series of biochemical histological and behavioral tests on days T3 birth hydroxytryptamine ht level was decreased by p whereas hydroxyindolacetic acid hiaa level was increased by p in the offspring of PS rats the metabolic rate hiaaht was increased by p synaptic density in the hippocampus of prenatally stressed offspring was also decreased by p on PN day there was no significant group difference in the spatial learning acquisition test of the MWM however in the reversal task PS week old rats spent more time than control animals searching for the platform of the pool escape RL in the cued test showed no significant difference together with data in our previous studies that have shown ht to facilitate synapse formation and maintenance in the CNS system synaptic loss is suggested to occur in relation to changes of ht system in the hippocampus of prenatally stressed F1 this may be associated with reported changes in SMB and learning ability in PS offspring
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calcitonin was injected in newborn rats and newborn lambs to study the metabolic effects of the hormone subcutaneous i.t. of salmon calcitonin mrc ukg induced a clearing effect on plasma from suckling newborn rats that was naturally lactescent a lower dose given by the same route mrc ukg strongly decreased TG and CAA levels in suckling P0 rats this was mainly the result of gastric emptying inhibition the gastrointestinal action of calcitonin in suckling P0 rats was substantiated by the absorption of ctriolein and clabeled amino acids hormonal changes that were associated were a decrease in PI level and an increase in plasma growth hormone concentration intravenous calcitonin at a physiological dose mrc ukg injected into newborn lambs inhibited increases in total plasma lipids amino acids and bloodglucose C2 at the time of the first suckling period without changing SS calcium C2 one of the physiological roles of calcitonin in the newborn may be the regulation of nutrient absorption from milk rich in lipids
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the objective of this T0 was to evaluate the effect of FBS on atrioventricular blood flow velocity waveforms flow velocity waveforms were measured from mitral and tricuspid valve immediately before and T3 FBS in normally grown and growthretarded fetuses this latter group was characterized by abnormal doppler indices in umbilical i.a. and middle CBF artery suggestive of uteroplacental insufficiency as the causative factor of the impaired growth the flow velocity parameters studied were peak velocity during early and AS VVI filling time velocity integral and fetal heart rate different indices were then calculated as expressions of VVI diastolic CF and cardiac output in normally grown fetuses both peak velocity during early diastole and time velocity integral values significantly increased after FB sampling from both atrioventricular valves whereas no significant changes were evidenced in the other parameters considered gestational age at the time of the procedure was positively related to the amplitude of these changes in growthretarded fetuses FBS induced a significant decrease in time velocity integral value form tricuspid valve suggestive of a fall in right IVT SO the amplitude of the decrease was significantly related to the severity of acidosis in umbilical vein in conclusion the cardiac hemodynamic response to FB sampling differs between normally grown and growthretarded fetuses this difference may explain the higher rate of complications occurring in the latter group of fetuses T3 blood sampling
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the early recognition of severe RD in the newborn allows for optimal care the prompt ID of overwhelming respiratory failure may assist in the selection of candidates for new therapeutic techniques we have evaluated both retrospectively and prospectively a simple scoring system for neonatal RI during the first hr of life serial inspired oxygen values fio are plotted with serial ph measurements against time on a graph with pulmonary insufficiency the lines cross the severity of the insufficiency is quantified by integrating the area between the crossed lines the infants in our regional intensive ECU nursery who died with RD syndrome rds during were compared with surviving infants matched for gestational age birth weight and admission date all patients received similar conventional management the difference in the mean hr cumulative scores between the two groups was significant p only infant with a score over u ultimately survived specificity from january through june data were graphed at the bedside on neonates who required respiratory support and analyzed without knowledge of the eventual outcome overall the scoring system predicted the final outcome in of the cases false positive determinations were minimal the system accurately selecting ultimate survivors specificity these data suggest that this simple scoring system may prove useful in identifying infants with overwhelming RD such infants may be considered for specialized care or innovative yet unproven treatment modalities
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mutations in the gene for the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor hnf alpha cause maturityonset diabetes of the young mody a form of diabetes that results from defects in insulin secretion since the nature of these defects has not been defined we compared insulin secretory CF in heterozygous hnfalpha or homozygous hnfalpha mice with null mutations in the hnfalpha gene with their WT hnfalpha blood glucose concentrations were similar in hnfalpha and mice and mm but were significantly higher in the hnfalpha mice mm p insulin sec responses to gl and Arg in the perfused pancreas and perifused islets from hnfalpha mice were of the values in the other two groups and were associated with similar reductions in intracellular ca responses these defects were not due to a decrease in glucokinase or insulin gene transcription beta cell mass adjusted for body weight was not reduced in the animals although pancreatic insulin content adjusted for pancreas weight was slightly lower vs microgmg p than in the animals in summary a null mutation in the hnfalpha gene in homozygous mice leads to diabetes due to alterations in the pathways that regulate beta cell responses to secretagogues including gl and Arg these results provide further evidence in support of a key role for hnfalpha in the maintenance of normal beta cell function
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