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physical characteristics of water o solubility and capacitance dictate that cardiovascular and VE performance be controlled primarily by the need for oxygen uptake rather than carbon dioxide excretion making o receptors more important in fish than in terrestrial vertebrates an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of mechanoreception and o chemoreception in fishes is important because water PLB is the primitive template upon which the forces of evolution have modified into the various cardioventilatory modalities we see in extant terrestrial species key to these changes are the osensitive chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors their mechanisms and central pathways
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an outbreak of pseudomembranous colitis in an intensive ECU is described this resulted in environmental contamination by CD the outbreak could be traced to one patient who received several antibiotics over the preceding three months a search was conducted for asymptomatic carriers among patient and staff but none were found aquisition of c difficile from inanimate environmental sources was the most probable means of transmission of the organism its persistence in the hospital environment for several weeks most likely as spores suggests that patients who develop PMC should be isolated especially in areas of high antibiotic usage
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left VVI DD is often present in patients with essential hypertension to determine whether LVSF is normal or subnormal we evaluated the global left VVI contractile reserve in patients with UT essential hypertension thirtyone UT men with essential hypertension and normotensive healthy men were evaluated hypertensives were divided into two CG based on the presence group hc n or absence group hn n of con left ventricular geometric remodelling which was defined as a relative wall thickness or on mmode echocardiography we compared echocardiographic data of left VVI functios retained the main feature of the primary tumor being positive both for mesenchymal antigens and for epithelial antigens interestingly the cultured meningioma cells abundantly expressed the cd antigens at early passage the cd antigens which are normally found on hematopoietic cells like macrophages and monocytes were not detectable on meningioma cells in situ our results show that phenotypic changes on human meningioma cells may occur in vitro this phenomenon suggests caution when transposing the in vitro results to the in vivo condition
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the research was conducted to evaluate invitro efficacy of numerous fungicides against fusarium oxysporum f sp capsici in present research six treatments t viz carbendazim benomyl topsinm difenoconazole nativo and alliete along with control various concentrations c days d and their interactions ie t à c t à d c à d and t à c à d were exploited in a laboratory through food poison technique alliete expressed maximum colony growth cm as compared to all other fungicides with respect to control interaction between treatments and concentration t à c exhibited maximum colony growth of all treatments carbendazim benomyl topsinm difenoconazole nativo and alliete ie and cm at ppm as compared to and ppm concentrations respectively similar trend was also observed concerning interaction between fungicides à days and tested concentrations à days results of the present T0 revealed that among tested fungicides carbendazim at ppm expressed significant reduction in fungal growth
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currently preimplant balloon aortic valvuloplasty bav is considered a prerequisite for successful subsequent transapical transcatheter AV implantation tatavi using balloonexpandable devices however cerebral embolization has been shown to originate at least in part from bav procedures omitting bav may therefore reduce neurological events T3 tavi and facilitate the procedure while yielding noninferior haemodynamic and clinical outcomes
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this study examined the effects of panitumumab a human monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor egfr on irinotecan pharmacokinetics this phase i openlabel multicenter singlearm T0 enrolled patients with metastatic CC mcrc without prior SE to an egfr inhibitor in cycle patients received irinotecan mgm intravenously iv on day and panitumumab mgkg iv on day in cycle weeks T3 cycle panitumumab administration and subsequent everyweek cycles patients received panitumumab followed immediately by irinotecan until disease progression or intolerability primary and secondary endpoints included cmax and auc of irinotecan T3 irinotecan infusion in cycles and and adverse events respectively nineteen of treated patients were eligible for pharmacokinetic analysis pharmacokinetic profiles of irinotecan with or without panitumumab coadministration were nearly identical the confidence intervals for ratios of geometric means for irinotecan cmax and auc with or without panitumumab were within the interval indicating that panitumumab had no apparent effects on irinotecan pharmacokinetics adverse events were as expected for irinotecan plus panitumumab combination therapy
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most children with SB have neurogenic bladders prior to the use of CIC cic in approximately of children with spina bifida died of renal failure in developing countries where cic is not done even more children with SB continue to die from renal failure this article presents data from kenya collected from a nurse run comprehensive SB program which evaluates bladder CF with leak point pressure lpp and begins cic in those children with lpp cm water children were seen for surgical closure urodynamic studies were done in and of these were started on cic because of high lpp or need for social continence were lost to followup have died to date only deaths were from renal complications of children age or older have achieved social continence we conclude that a nurse run bladder management program including cic for children with spina bifida can be done in a developing country with good results on renal CF and continence
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alcohol NI during pregnancy is considered to be a risk factor for child OD child biomarkers of intrauterine alcohol exposure have been rarely studied we investigated whether a meconium alcohol metabolite ethyl glucuronide etg was associated with cognitive OD adhdrelated behaviour and neurophysiological markers of attention and executive control of children at primaryschool age
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in this paper we reported on a comparison of livpof to litio as anode materials for lithiumion batteries combined with powder xray diffraction SEM microscopy highresolution transmission electron microscopy galvanostatic dischargecharge tests and in situ xray diffraction technologies we explore and compare the insertionextraction mechanisms of livpof based on the vvv redox couples and litio based on the titi redox couple cycled in v and v the electrochemical results indicate that both livpof and litio are solid electrolyte interphase free materials in v the insertionextraction mechanisms of livpof and litio are similar with each other in v as proved by in situ xray diffraction it also demonstrates that both samples possess SD structure in v additionally the electrochemical performance tests of livpof and litio indicate that both samples cycled in v exhibit much higher capacities than those cycled in v but display worse cycle performance the rate performance of litio far exceeds that of livpof in the same EC potential window in particular the capacity retention of litio cycled in v is as high as after cycles by contrast litio is expected to be a candidate anode material considering its high working potential structural zerostrain property and excellent cycle stability and rate performance
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here we provide insights into the molecular structure of the twoiron kda rubredoxin alkg of pseudomonas oleovorans using solutionstate nuclear magnetic resonance nmr and smallangle xray scattering studies sequence alignment and biochemical studies have suggested that alkg comprises two rubredoxin folds connected by a link PSA assays to T0 the enzymology of cohesin will be required
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crya represents a novel family of nematicidal crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis it has distinctive architecture as well as mechanism of action from cryb a highly focused family of nematicidal crystal proteins and even from other insecticidal crystal proteins containing the conserved threedomain however how nematode defends against crya toxin remains obscure in this T0 the global defense pattern of caenorhabditis elegans against cryaa toxin was investigated by proteomic analysis in response to cryaa proteins with significantly altered abundances were observed from worms participating in innate immune defense insulinlike receptor ilr signaling pathway SE metabolism and muscle assembly the differentially expressed proteins deps functioning in diverse biological processes suggest that a variety of defense responses participate in the AS responses of c elegans to cryaa the PET verifications of deps suggest that ilr signaling pathway dim galectin lec all are the factors of defense responses to cryaa moreover cryaa also involves in accelerating the metabolic energy production which fulfills the SE demand for the immune responses in brief our findings illustrate the global DP of defense responses of nematode against crya for the first time and provide a novel insight into the mechanism through which worms respond to crya
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after incubation of bovine glomeruli with ducglucose about of the total radioactivity is found in lipid extracts of glomerular basement membranes the concentration of lipids in glomerular basement membranes of dry wt is lower than in the residual glomerular particles of dry wt the concentrations of neutral lipids phospholipids and cholesterol in the total lipid extract of the GBMs however differ from those in the residual glomerular particles and respectively though residual glomerular particles show a higher lipid content the radioactivity in this fraction only amounts to of that found in the glomerular basement membranes the SRA of total glomerular basementmembrane lipids dpmmg is about times as high as that of the glomerular BMs the TPS radioactivities of the individual lipid components however differ the highest values are found for phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerols the largest proportion of the radioactivity is found in the glycerol of the glycerides the radioactivity in the fatty acids is much less and does not differ significantly in the various classes of lipids gc of methyl esters of the fatty acids does not reveal a clear difference between the fatty acid compositions of GBMs and residual glomerular particles treatment of glomerular basementmembrane S9 with ultrasound the generally used procedure for glomerular basementmembrane S9 drastically decreases the lipid content of GBMs it is concluded that lipids are associated with the basement membranes further the comparatively high radioactive labelling suggests that glomerular basementmembrane lipids may be an interesting class of substances for further pathological studies
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two subtypes of angiotensin ii ang ii receptors at and at are distinguished by using the respective TPS antagonists in the present study we report the regulation of cardiac at type a ata receptor mrna C2 and the expression DP of at and at receptors in the growth of the heart and the development and regression of CH the ventricular ata mrna level and the density of ang ii receptors at the neonatal period were significantly increased fold and fold respectively and then downregulated with maturation the CH established in SH rats or twokidney oneclip RHR resulted in substantial increases in VVI ata mrna levels threefold and ang ii receptor densities twofold as compared with those in respective control rats whereas the receptor affinity was similar the proportion of at and at subtypes in the specific ang ii binding in VVI membranes prepared from normal adult rats was nearly equal this proportion did not NC significantly in the development of MH the regression of cardiac hypertrophy by the normalization of elevated blood pressure CR reversed the increased levels of ata mrna and the receptor density to the control level thus at and at receptors are present in rat ventricular myocardium and their expression is developmentally regulated and upregulated in response to hypertrophic NC ang ii action exerted through the increased number of ang ii receptors may contribute to the growth of the HR and thus to the maintenance of established hypertrophy as one of the hormones involved in hypertrophy OD
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NKH is a lifethreatening disorder in neonates characterized by a deficiency of the glycine cleavage system we report on four cases of the neonatal form of the disease which were investigated by in vitroh magnetic resonance spectroscopy of blood and CSF fluid and in vivoh magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain the existence of glycine disposal pathways leading to an increase in lactate in fluids and creatine in fluids and BB was demonstrated this is the first observation of elevated creatine in brain in nonketotic hyperglycinemia a recurrent decrease of glutamine and citrate was observed in cerebrospinal fluid which might be related to abnormal glutamine metabolism in brain finally the cerebral nacetylaspartate to myoinositolglycine ratio was identified as a prognostic indicator of the disease
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HCC carcinoma hcc has been the leading cause of cancer death in taiwan since the s a twostage screening intervention was introduced in and has been implemented in a limited number of hospitals the present T0 assessed the costs and health outcomes associated with the introduction of screening MI from the perspective of the taiwanese government the costeffectiveness analysis aimed to assist informed decision making by the health authority in taiwan
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it is well documented that estrogens have atheroprotective effects in humans IP aromatization of circulating androgens has been demonstrated to exert estrogenic actions in many human tissues especially in men and postmenopausal women recently production of Es mediated by aromatase was detected in cultured smooth muscle cells and aortic EC cells and it has been proposed that this in situ produced estrogen may influence the OD of atherosclerosis in this study we first examined aromatase expression by immunohistochemistry in human aortic tissues obtained from autopsy cases males females yearold and by mrna in situ hybridization in cases we then semiquantified the level of aromatase mrna in aortic tissues of men and PM women by RT-PCR rtpcr to examine whether or not and in which cell types aromatase was expressed we also studied alternative use of multiple exon of its gene and immunolocalization of betahydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type i betahsd i which converts estrone produced by aromatase to estradiol a biologically active estrogen aromatase immunoreactivity and mrna hybridization signals and betahsd i immunoreactivity were all detected in smooth muscle cell smc of the media ion of cellulase is attached to the cell surface alternative analytical approaches by which to develop such protocols are examined from the perspective of error minimization for cell concentration measurement acceptable accuracy is expected when the concentrations of a cellspecific component eg dna is determined or when total protein is determined in conjunction with a measurement specific to cellulase for cellulase concentration measurement acceptable accuracy is expected when a measurement TPS to cellulase such as elisa is used several analytical approaches are rejected based on C1 expected errors
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the HC virus hcv core protein plays a crucial role in the development of chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma hcc its involvement in these diseases is reportedly abolished by a KO of the proteasome activator paγ gene in transgenic mice suggesting an interaction between the core protein and the paγproteasome system this T0 found a direct interaction between the NT fragment of hcv core protein core and paγ in vitro and that this interaction was found to enhance paγs proteasome complex formation while s proteasome activity was increased by paγ it was significantly reduced by core att in a dosedependent manner these results suggest that the corepaγ interaction has an important role in regulating s proteasome activity and furthers our understanding of the pathogenesis of hcv
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most colorectal cancers are thought to develop from benign adenomas because adenomas are found in a large proportion of asymptomatic individuals most adenomas must remain benign current guidelines suggest that colonoscopy is not necessary when hyperplastic polyps are found at screening sigmoidoscopy existing data suggest that small adenomatous polyps may also not be associated with substantial risk of current or future malignancy we suggest that small polyps seen on flexible sigmoidoscopy require neither biopsy nor subsequent colonoscopy such an RPA requires further study but could result in substantial cost savings with modest risk to patients
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debate continues as to whether drug discrimination in animals is an inherently quantal or continuous process this issue is important in determining the AGA interpretation of results from drug discrimination studies designed to assess the nature of druginduced interoceptive cues the quantal approach holds that subjects perceive a drug cue in an allornone manner while the continuous view proposes that when AGA training and testing procedures are used subjects can discriminate along a continuum of interoceptive cues data consistent with the quantal view have consistently been generated by animals TR to respond on schedules of reinforcement having an fr component since quantal responding is a characteristic of these schedules results from drug discrimination studies using training schedules with fr components are of little value in empirically determining whether DD reflects a quantal or continuous process use of VL schedules of reinforcement might be more appropriate because the pattern of responding generated does not preclude results consistent with either of the competing views data from the following studies that TR subjects using vi schedules with a concurrent to for incorrect lever responding were analyzed barrett et al lhydroxytryptophan versus saline smith diazepam versus pentylenetetrazol barrett et al amphetamine versus haloperidol barrett and steranhether these differences reflect PET events that occur in the sperm head during its maturation or changes at the level of the sperms dna after the initial stage of zona bindingabstract truncated at words
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discal cyst is an intraspinal cyst with a distinct communication with the corresponding intervertebral disc it is a rare condition and could present with radiculopathy similar to that caused by lumbar disc herniation we present a patient with a large discal cyst in the VL epidural space of the th lumbar vertebral l level that communicated with the adjacent th lumbar and th lumbar intervertebral disc causing l radiculopathy we alleviated the radiating pain with selective transforaminal epidural blocks
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mutation of the survival motor neurons smn gene causes motor neuron apoptosis and represents the major cause of spinal muscular atrophy in humans PSA studies have established that the smn protein plays an important role in spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein snrnp biogenesis and that the smn complex can interact with the zinc finger protein zpr here we report that targeted ablation of the zpr gene in mice disrupts the subcellular localization of both smn and spliceosomal snrnps specifically smn localization to cajal bodies and gems was not observed in cells derived from zpr embryos and the amount of cytoplasmic snrnp detected in zpr embryos was reduced compared with that in wildtype embryos we found that zpr mice die during early embryonic OD with reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis these effects of zpr gene disruption were confirmed and extended in studies of cultured motor neuronlike cells using small interfering rnamediated zpr gene suppression zpr deficiency caused growth cone retraction axonal defects and apoptosis together these data indicate that zpr contributes to the regulation of smn complexes and that it is essential for cell survival
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enteropathogenic bacteria elicit mucosal innate and adaptive immune responses we investigated whether gut epithelial cells played a role in triggering an adaptive immune response by recruiting dendritic cells dcs immature dcs are selectively attracted by the ccl chemokine the expression of the ccl gene in human intestinal epithelial cell lines was upregulated by pathogenic bacteria including salmonella species but not by indigenous bacteria of the intestinal flora the salmonella machinery for epithelial cell invasion was not required for ccl gene activation flagellin but not the lipopolysaccharide was found to be the salmonella factor responsible for stimulation of epithelial ccl production ccl in turn triggered a TPS migration of immature dcs our data show that crosstalk between bacterial flagellin and epithelial cells is essential for the recruitment of dcs a mechanism that could be instrumental to initiate adaptive immune responses in the gut
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a phase ii trial was conducted in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma with dtic mgm intravenously for days alternating monthly with piritrexim ptx using an intermittent lowdose oral administration schedule ptx was administered at a starting dose of mg orally three times per day for days weekly for weeks followed by week of rest twentyone patients were entered into the study among the patients assessable for response patient had a minor response and patients had SD no partial or complete response were observed toxicity was tolerable and consistent mainly of myelosuppression using this AC dose schedule ptx and dtic produced little response in M1 melanoma
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sepsis is usually accompanied by cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial depression protein kinase c pkc has been reported to be important in regulating cardiac CF and apoptosis however which pkc isoform is involved in sepsisinduced myocardial apoptosis remains unknown
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mixtures of cholesterol with dimyristoyl phosphatidylserine or deuterated DMPS were investigated by polarized and non polarized attenuated total reflection atr fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy from polarized spectra the dichroic ratios of various vibrations as a function of cholesterol were calculated dichroic ratios of methylene vibration ch cm of cholesterol decreases with increase of cholesterol concentration leveling off in the region where cholesterol phase separation takes place the orientation of deuterated methylene cd symmetric and asymmetric bands of the deuterated dimyristoyl phosphatidylserine is influenced little by cholesterol in the polar region of DMPS no effect of cholesterol on the dichroic ratios of carbonyl co and asymmetric phosphate po vibrations were detected for nonpolarized spectra the broad bands in the polar region of the phospholipid were deconvoluted the carbonyl band co in pure dimyristoyl phosphatidylserine is composed of five bands in the presence of increasing concentrations of cholesterol conformational change of these vibrations takes place evolving into one predominant band similar conformational change takes place in the presence of molecules watermolecule dmps for the asymmetric phosphate band very small shifts due to interaction with cholesterol were detected
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we report about a yearold woman with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture who was successfully treated by the transatrial closure under preoperative localization by transesophageal echocardiography in an attempt at transatrial repair of the VVI septal rupture the most important thing is preoperative localization of the defect in the septum which is located high and posterior where it is smooth with relatively few trabeculations and can be readily exposed by retraction of the TV
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oculomotorrelated structures in the BB stem extend from the rostral MES to the HG nucleus in the caudal medulla this chapter reviews their location in man their connections and some basic features of their function these are summarized in table in addition to the extraocular motor nuclei the oculomotor trochlear and abducens nuclei the brain stem contains PM Az responsible for all five different types of eye movements and for gazeholding these premotor structures include the rimlf and pprf for the generation of verticaltorsional and horizontal saccades respectively the role of the vestibular nuclei in the vor and optokinetic responses is well established and they probably also mediate smooth pursuit eye movements along with the DL pontine nuclei and the floccular region in contrast there is only scanty evidence for the function of the AON relaying optokinetic information in man little is known about the neuroanatomy of the PM areas for convergence there is accumulating evidence that the inc and the vestibular and perihypoglossal nuclei are essential for the maintenance of gaze
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frequent interictal spikes are a common finding in the electroencephalograms of children with epileptic encephalopathies while it is well recognized that interictal spikes are a biological marker of seizures and can lead to transitory cognitive impairment whether interictal spikes can result in longstanding adverse effects on learning and memory in children is not known here we investigated the consequences of interictal spikes in rat pups without seizures on longterm learning and memory rat pups were given a low dose of flurothyl for h for days during continuous electroencephalographic monitoring rats developed interictal spikes without seizures while AMC under similar testing conditions had few interictal spikes when rats were tested as adults there was impairment in reference memory in the probe test of the morris WM REF SM impairment in the fourtrial radialarm WM and impaired LT potentiation earlylife interictal spikes resulted in impaired new cell formation and decreased cell counts in the hippocampus but did not cause an increase in apoptosis this study for the first time demonstrates that interictal spikes in rat pups without seizures can result in longstanding spatial cognitive impairment our findings suggest that suppressing iis may be as important as treating seizures during BB development
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two cases of tuberculous ICA in a joint affected with chondrocalcinosis are reported no similar cases have been published diagnosis was established by demonstration of the tubercle bacillus and calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the joint fluid both patients were elderly french females one patient with involvement of a knee required amputation the other patient had involvement of a shoulder and developed VPI dislocation of the humeral head and drooping shoulder despite ATT concomitant occurrence of the two conditions was apparently coincidental but may have adversely affected prognosis despite its rarity TB ICA should be looked for in patients with ICA and chondrocalcinosis to allow early TPS therapy
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a comparison is presented of the complications found in two series each consisting of consecutive patients undergoing Tx in the same unit ten years apart the overall incidence of postoperative complications has been reduced particularly in the group of patients having thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis following which it is now no greater than after thyroidectomy for benign nontoxic goitre the techniques used to try to reduce the postoperative complication rate are discussed the incidence of permenent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy has been reduced to and of permanent hypoparathyroidism to the overall incidence of complications causinivity near nm results from singly IC ethidium bromide molecules the behavior of the circular dichroism of the complex at elevated temperatures also explains the higher ellipticities near nm which characterize complexes formed between ethidium bromide and denaturated dna finally the circular dichroism data indicate that the melting of the complex takes place in a stepwise manner with some dna regions probably atrich regions dissociating first the implications of these findings regarding the inhibiting effect of ethidium bromide on the CF of dna polymerase are examined
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pathogen burden is a construct developed to assess the cumulative effects of multiple persistent pathogens on morbidity and mortality despite the likely biological wear and tear on multiple body systems caused by persistent infections few studies have examined the impact of total pathogen burden on such outcomes and specifically on preclinical markers of dysfunction using data from two waves of the national health and nutrition examination survey we compared three alternative methods for measuring pathogen burden composed of mainly persistent viral infections using a cumulative deficits index cdi as an outcome single pathogen associations a pathogen burden summary score and latent class analyses we found significant heterogeneity in the distribution of the cdi by age sex raceethnicity and education there was an association between pathogen burden and the cdi by all three metrics the latent class classification of pathogen burden showed particularly strong associations with the cdi these associations remained T3 controlling for age sex body mass index smoking raceethnicity and education our results suggest that pathogen burden may influence early clinical indicators of poor health as measured by the cdi our results are salient since we were able to detect these associations in a relatively young population these findings suggest that reducing pathogen burden and the TPS pathogens that drive the cdi may provide a target for preventing the early OD of agerelated physiological changes
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advanced glycation end products ages induce epithelial mesenchymal transition emt in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells ptecs by promoting the two emt regulators transforming growth factor beta tgfβ and connective tissue growth factor ctgf however the exact signaling mechanism remains largely unclear
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double atrial responses dars to a single VVI impulse have been described in patients with long rp ART to define the determinants for the occurrence of dars cases with long rp ART were examined the mechanism of long rp ART was the orthodromic AVRT avrt involving a slow conducting concealed accessory pathway in cases and uncommon fastslow type of atrioventricular nodal reentrant ART avnrt in the other cases programmed and RVP was performed during sinus rhythm and also rapid ventricular pacing during ART ie entrainment the retrograde ERP refractory period erp and the VA maximal conduction rate of the fast and slow conducting pathways were examined in of the cases with avrt dars were observed during programmed and rapid VVI pacing performed during SR and also during entrainment in of the cases with avnrt dars were observed only during entrainment the determinants of dars in cases with long rp tachycardia were presence of two different retrogradely conducting pathways short erp of the VA fast and slow conducting pathways and a short minimal PCL at which ventriculoatrial conduction occurs via these pathways crucial conduction delay in the slow conducting pathway and preexisting antegrade unidirectional block in the slow conducting pathway or the antegrade block in the slow conducting pathway produced by collision with a previous VA impulse during entrainment
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the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor pai and insulin resistance is established in western countries the L1 component of this association is obesity accordingly we examined this association in japan where the prevalence of obesity is low data for fasting pai C2 of subjects were obtained from a GA population in a farming area we measured body mass index bmi systolic and diastolic blood pressure highdensity lipoprotein hdlcholesterol triglycerides fasting plasma glucose fpg insulin creatinine and uric acid the use of alcohol was ascertained by a questionnaire the formula for the homeostasis model assessment homa score was used as an index of insulin resistance uni and multivariate analyses were applied for the determinants of plasma pai age and sex did not affect plasma pai the average bmi was kgm thus most of the subjects were not obese because even in this population bmi p was the strongest determinant for pai T3 univariate analysis we performed multiple linear regression analyses T3 adjustment for bmi the significance of triglycerides fpg insulin and the homa score still remained pai C2 were linearly related to the homa score from the subanalysis of the nonobese subjects bmi n waisthip ratio triglycerides fpg and homa scores were significant determinants of pai this is the first demonstration that increased pai C2 were significantly related to insulin resistance in a japanese GA population pai levels are associated with insulin resistance irrespective of obesity
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alexithymic individuals have difficulty in recognizing and describing emotions in themselves we investigated the neuronal basis of mentalizing in alexithymia to determine whether there is a common neuronal substrate associated with knowing the mental states of the self and others individuals high in alexithymia n and low in alexithymia n were selected from a pool of college students using a combination of the toronto alexithymia scale tas and the structured interview version of the beth israel questionnaire sibiq we compared the two CG on psychological measures including ratings of mentalizing and the interpersonal reactivity index iri and regional brain activation using fMRI fmri during a mentalizing animation task the results for both CG showed activation in regions associated with mentalizing medial prefrontal cortices mpfc temporoparietal junctions tpj and the temporal pole tp alexithymics had lower mentalizing and iri perspectivetaking scores and less activation in the RA mpfc activity in the mpfc was positively correlated with the mentalizing score and the iri perspectivetaking score although there were no group differences in cerebral activity in the tpj and the tp the activity in the RA tp had a positive correlation with mentalizing and iri personal distress scores these results suggest that alexithymic individuals have an impairment in mentalizing associated with an inability to take the perspective of others thus the skills involved in comprehending the self and others are interrelated and play an important role in emotion regulation
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antibiotics taken during pregnancy treat underlying maternal infections that may otherwise contribute to poor birth outcomes including decreased birthweight this study investigated whether antibiotics taken by a diverse sample of north american women were associated with increased mean infant BW and whether this relationship was modified by SES status the T0 hypothesized that women of low socioeconomic status whose babies are at highest risk of low birthweight perhaps due to longstanding undiagnosed infections might benefit from antibiotic use more than women of higher SES status
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c neurons constitute one of three known adrenergic nuclei in the rat CNS system cns while the adrenergic c cell group has been extensively characterized both physiologically and anatomically the c nucleus has remained relatively obscure this study employed a lentiviral tracing technique that expresses green fluorescent protein behind a promoter selective to noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons microinjection of this virus into the c nucleus enabled the selective tracing of c efferents throughout the rat cns thus revealing the anatomical framework of c projections c terminal fields were observed in over different cns nuclei spanning all levels of the spinal cord as well as various medullary mesencephalic hypothalamic thalamic and telencephalic nuclei the highest densities of c axon varicosities were observed in lamina x and the IML of the thoracic spinal cord as well as the dorsomedial medulla both commissural and medial nuclei of the solitary tract area postrema and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus vlPAG dorsal PB nucleus PV and rhomboid nuclei of the TH and paraventricular and PV nuclei of the hypothalamus in addition moderate and sparse projections were observed in many catecholaminergic and serotonergic nuclei as well as the area anterior and VP to the third IVT lamina x of the C2 lumbar and S3 spinal cord and various Thy and telencephalic nuclei the anatomical map of c projections detailed in this survey hopes to lay the first steps toward developing a PET framework for this nucleus
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radical perineal prostatectomy allows for a watertight closure of the urethrovesical anastomosis this trial determined that early catheter removal may be feasible and desirable in patients undergoing radical perineal prostatectomy early catheter removal can lead to improved patient comfort and wellbeing
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ET hemorrhage from the innominate i.a. is fortunately a rare problem encountered by the otolaryngologist we present a patient with a trachealinnominate artery fistula secondary to delayed rupture of a traumatic innominate artery aneurysm the differential diagnosis of innominate artery hemorrhage is discussed as is the management of this potentially lethal event we propose as the treatment of choice cessation of hemorrhage through the use of a cuffed endotracheal tube followed by ligation of the IA using cardiopulmonary bypass these techniques were used in this patient with a successful outcome
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blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm bpdcn is a rare disease the prognosis is poor in most cases with rapid progression despite administering chemotherapy a yearold man complained of skin rashes on his back and this spread to the trunk face arms and thighs and he was initially diagnosed with cutaneous lupus erythematosus according to the skin biopsy the skin rashes then became aggravated on a trial of low dose methylprednisolone for months repeated skin biopsy revealed a diffuse infiltration of lymphoid cells with medium sized nuclei positive for cd and cd negative for epsteinbarr virus ebv indicating a diagnosis of bpdcn further workups confirmed stage iva bpdcn involving the skin multiple lymph nodes the IP blood and the bone marrow he was treated with six cycles of combination chemotherapy consisting of ifosphamide methotrexate etoposide prednisolone and lasparaginase and he achieved a partial response herein we report on a rare case of bpdcn that was initially misinterpreted as CLE
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commercially available tea infusions are the major source of catechins for preparing bottled tea beverages and tea supplements available in the market today in the present study we analyzed five tea infusions to measure the total antioxidant capacity tac by oxygen radical absorbance capacity orac and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl dpph radical scavenging capacity drsc assays total polyphenol content by the colorimetric method and individual catechin content by highperformance liquid chromatography four major tea catechins were also analyzed for their tac to reveal differential antioxidant behavior of the tea infusions resulting in the orac and drsc methods the correlation coefficients between drsc and the total polyphenol or total catechin content of the tea infusions were and however the values fall to and respectively while the orac activity was correlated with total polyphenol and total catechin content determining the tac of individual tea catechins showed that orac of EC was sevenfold higher than that of epigallocatechin gallate on the contrary epigallocatechin gallate showed significantly p stronger drsc activity than epicatechin by evaluating the structureactivity relationship this study further revealed that oh substitution at the position in pyrogallol moieties contributes to the lower orac value of epigallocatechin and epigallocatechin gallate comparing with their nonoh counterparts such as epicatechin and epicatechin gallate respectively also numbers of oh substitutions were poorly correlated with the observed orac value unlike the drsc overall results of this T0 enabled us to hypothesize that substances having a lower tac value in the orac CA compared with that in dpph assays may pertain to a prooxidant effect by generating ROS species in an aqueous buffer at a physiological ph we also propose that substances exhibiting lower tac value in the orac CA compared with that in the dpph CA are powerful prooxidants compared with the substances showing a higher tac value in the orac CA than that in the dpph assay
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sera from approximately of patients with SVR LE sle contain high titers of autoantibodies that bind to the kda rossa protein we previously detected polymorphisms in the kda rossa gene ssa with restriction enzymes one of which is strongly associated with the presence of sle p in african americans a higher disease frequency and more severe forms of the disease are commonly noted among these female patients to determine the location and nature of this polymorphism we obtained two clones that span kb of the kda rossa locus including its UP regulatory region six exons were identified and their nucleotide sequences plus adjacent NCR were determined no differences were found between these exons and the coding region of one of the reported cdnas the diseaseassociated polymorphic site suggested by a restriction enzyme map and confirmed by dna amplification and nucleotide sequencing was present upstream of exon this polymorphism may be a genetic marker for a diseaserelated R2 in the coding region for the protein or in the upstream regulatory region of this gene although this rflp is present in japanese it is not associated with lupus in this race
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stimulation of human neutrophils with GM-CSF colonystimulating factor gmcsf or TN factoralpha tnf results in increased superoxide o PR and adherence o PR and adherence are dependent on activation of ERK kinase erk and p MAP kinase mapk possible participation of serine proteases in gmcsf or tnfinduced activation of human neutrophils was explored with various serine protease inhibitors including phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride ltosylamidophenylethylchloromethyl ketone and nalphaptosylllysinechloromethyl ketone gmcsf or tnfinduced o release and adherence were inhibited in parallel by pretreatment of neutrophils with these inhibitors on the other hand gmcsf or tnfinduced phosphorylation of erk and p mapk was unaffected by these inhibitors at the concentrations ERP for the inhibition of o release and adherence these findings suggest that serine PRs are involved in gmcsf and tnfinduced o release and adherence in human neutrophils and that serine proteases function downstream or independently of the activation of erk and p mapk
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in alzheimers disease ad there is a loss in ACh innervation targets of basal forebrain which has been implicated in substantial cognitive decline amyloid beta peptide aβ accumulates in ad that is highly toxic for basal forebrain ACh bfc SN although the gonadal steroid estradiol is neuroprotective the administration is associated with risk of offtarget effects previous findings suggested that nonclassical estradiol action on intracellular signaling pathways has ameliorative potential without estrogenic SE after aβ injection into mouse basal forebrain a single dose of estrenα βdiol estren the nonclassical estradiol pathway activator restored loss of cholinergic cortical projections and also att the aβinduced learning deficits estren rapidly and directly phosphorylates campresponseelementbindingprotein and extracellularsignalregulatedkinase in bfc neurons and restores the ACh SF via estrogen receptorα these findings indicated that selective activation of nonclassical intracellular estrogen signaling has a potential to treat the damage of ACh neurons in ad
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in order to provide a suitable source of cells for lymphatic tissue engineering the present T0 was designed to investigate techniques for harvesting and cryopreservation of human dermal LECs lecs in vitro the lecs were isolated from childrens foreskins and then cultured in EC growth medium mv egmmv with fbs the second passage lecs were suspended in cryopreservation solution containing fbs and meso in egmmv cooled to degrees c at about degrees cmin and stored in liquid nitrogen samples were thawed quickly in a degrees c water bath and the cryoprotectant was removed by serial elution the membrane integrity of thawed lecs was determined by TB staining exclusion and their proliferation was evaluated using the mtt method the expanded cells of two groups were identified using immunofluorescence staining and rtpcr with lymphaticspecific markers such as podoplanin and vegfr uptake of fluorescent diiacldl and microtubular formation in threedimensional cultures were used to detect the CF of lecs FC was applied to identify cells and to measure the apoptosis rate as well cryopreservation resulted in a retrieval of and an IN cell rate of the early apoptosis rate of thawed lecs was higher than that of fresh control lecs the growth curves of thawed lecs were similar to those of fresh lecs the thawed lecs were propagated for at least passages without alterations in phenotype and function highly purified lecs can be isolated by immunomagnetic beads from human dermis the cryopreservedthawed and recultivated lecs are proven to have high vitality and growth potential in vitro and may be considered suitable seed cells for lymphatic TE
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the contribution of ureaplasma RT colonization to the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in PT infants has been debated for over y we review the current understanding of the role of inflammation in altered developmental signaling in the PT lung and the evidence from human studies and experimental models that ureaplasmamediated inflammation produces the bpd phenotype we propose that ureaplasma infection initiated in utero and augmented postnatally by SE to volutrauma and oxygen elicits a sustained dysregulated inflammatory response in the immature lung that impairs alveolarization and stimulates myofibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen and elastin deposition potential strategies to prevent or ameliorate the effects of ureaplasma infection in utero and in the PT lung are discussed
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the burden of ABD obesity ao and its association with other cardiovascular risk factors is not known in coronary artery disease cad patients attending cardiac rehabilitation cr the aim of this T0 was therefore to investigate the prevalence of ao and differences in cardiovascular risk factors between ao and nonao patients
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we examined the effect of expertise on cortical activation during sports anticipation using functional mri in experiment recreational players predicted badminton stroke direction and the DP of active clusters was consistent with a proposed perceptionofaction network this DP was not replicated in a stimulusmatched actionunrelated control task in experiment players of three different skill C2 anticipated stroke direction from clips occluded either ms before or ms after racquetshuttle contact earlyoccluded sequences produced more activation than lateoccluded sequences overall in most cortical regions of interest but experts showed an additional enhancement in medial dorsolateral and ventrolateral frontal cortex anticipation in openskill sports engages cortical Az integral to observing and understanding others actions such activity is enhanced in experts
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precise noninvasive determination of the aetiology and site of pathology of inner ear disorders is difficult the aim of this study was to describe an alternative method for inner ear visualization based on local application of the paramagnetic UCA gadolinium using a t mri scanner high contrast images of all four cochlear turns were obtained h after placing gadolinium on the RWM gadolinium cleared from the cochlea within h auditory brainstem response measurements performed on a separate group of animals showed no significant threshold shifts after the application indicating that gadolinium is nontoxic to the guinea pig cochlea
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how does imitation occur how can the motor plans necessary for imitating an action derive from the observation of that action imitation may be based on a mechanism directly matching the observed action onto an internal motor representation of that action direct matching hypothesis to test this hypothesis normal human participants were asked to observe and imitate a finger movement and to perform the same movement after spatial or symbolic cues BB activity was measured with PET magnetic resonance imaging if the direct matching hypothesis is correct there should be Az that become AS during finger movement regardless of how it is evoked and their activation should increase when the same movement is elicited by the observation of an MZ movement made by another individual two Az with these properties were found in the left inferior frontal cortex opercular region and the rostralmost region of the RA superior parietal lobule
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to determine the effects of progressive resistance training on mobility muscle strength and quality of life in nursinghome residents with impaired mobility
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we performed signalaveraged electrocardiography saecg and HM and subsequently followedup ambulatory patients with LVA lva after myocardial infarction mi a PH of spontaneous episodes of sustained IVT vt was also analysed out of patients had an abnormal saecg abnormal saecg correctly identified nine out of cases with a PH of sustained vt complex VAs were detected on HM in patients in five out of with normal saecg and in out of with abnormal saecg p less than during followup mean months sustained vt andor sudden cardiac death scd occurred in eight cases out of which seven had an abnormal saecg the negative predictive value of saecg no vt or scd during followup was very high similar to the negative predictive value of a PH of sustained vt using MVA only a PH of sustained vt was an independent factor in predicting the outcome of patients in this study we conclude that an abnormal saecg identifies those post infarction patients with lva who are prone to complex VAs a normal saecg and an absence of a history of sustained vt strongly indicate that the risk of developing arrhythmic events is very low
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RCTs rcts are conducted under idealized and rigorously controlled conditions that may compromise their external validity a literature review was conducted of published english language articles that reported the findings of studies assessing external validity by a comparison of the patient sample included in rcts reporting on pharmaceutical interventions with patients from everyday clinical practice the review focused on publications in the fields of cardiology mental health and oncology a range of databases were interrogated medline embase science citation index cochrane methodology register doubleabstract review and data SE were performed as per protocol specifications out of deduplicated abstracts studies met the inclusion criteria cardiology n mental health n oncology n studies either performed an analysis of the baseline characteristics demographic socioeconomic and clinical parameters of rctenrolled patients compared with a realworld population or assessed the proportion of realworld patients who would have been eligible for rct inclusion following the application of rct inclusionexclusion criteria many of the included studies concluded that rct samples are highly selected and have a lower risk profile than realworld populations with the frequent exclusion of elderly patients and patients with comorbidities calculation of ineligibility rates in individual studies showed that a high proportion of the GA disease population was often excluded from trials the majority of studies n explicitly concluded that rct samples were not broadly representative of realworld patients and that this may limit the external validity of the rct authors made a number of recommendations to improve external validity findings from this review indicate that there is a need to improve the external validity of rcts such that physicians treating patients in realworld settings have the AGA evidence on which to base their clinical decisions this goal could be achieved by trial design modification to include a more representative patient sample and by supplementing rct evidence with data generated from observational studies in GA a thoughtful approach to clinical evidence generation is required in which the tradeoffs between internal and external validity are considered in a holistic and balanced manner
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the role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells pbmnc on the growth of bone marrow bm cfugm was investigated in refractory anaemia ra patients whereas normal donor pbmnc were found to inhibit autologous day cfugm pbmnc from ra patients exhibited little modulatory effect on autologous or allogeneic day cfugm in contrast patient pbmnc inhibited autologous cfugm at day at a time where no significant inhibition was seen in the pbmncra cfugm combination the identity of the inhibitory cells was investigated using antit and antin subsets purified by immunerosette depletion with a panel of monoclonal antibodies the activity of these subsets was tested on immature myeloid cells EC for my cells and it was found that cells highly enriched for nk cells were responsible for the inhibition further support for nk cells as the GABA cells was obtained in experiments where a positive rho between the level of pb nk cytotoxicity against k cells and the degree of cfugm inhibition was demonstrated thus these data suggest the presence of a specialized subset of nk cells with a capacity to inhibit autologous cfugm since ra is a potentially premalignant disease in which a significant number of cases transform into aml these findings also suggest a physiological role for nk cells in suppression of newly arisen clonogenic cells at least in early stages of the disease
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NF-L nfl is a promising fluid biomarker of disease progression for various cerebral proteopathies here we leverage the unique characteristics of the dominantly inherited alzheimer network and ultrasensitive immunoassay technology to demonstrate that nfl levels in the cerebrospinal fluid n and serum n are correlated with one another and are elevated at the presymptomatic stages of FAD longitudinal withinperson analysis of serum nfl dynamics n confirmed this elevation and further revealed that the rate of NC of SS nfl could discriminate mutation carriers from nonmutation carriers almost a decade earlier than crosssectional absolute nfl levels that is versus years before the estimated symptom ON serum nfl rate of NC peaked in participants converting from the presymptomatic to the symptomatic stage and was associated with cortical thinning assessed by magnetic resonance imaging but less so with amyloidβ deposition or gl metabolism assessed by positron emission tomography SS nfl was predictive for both the rate of cortical thinning and cognitive changes assessed by the MMS and LM test thus nfl dynamics in serum predict PD and BB neurodegeneration at the early presymptomatic stages of familial alzheimers disease which supports its potential utility as a clinically useful biomarker
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the aa type cytochrome c oxidase consisting of the core subunits i and ii only was isolated from the soil bacterium paracoccus denitrificans and crystallized as complex with a monoclonal antibody fv fragment crystals could be grown in the presence of a number of different nonionic detergents however only undecylbetadmaltoside and cyclohexylhexylbetadmaltoside yielded wellordered crystals suitable for high resolution xray crystallographic studies the crystals belong to space group p and diffract xrays to at least a a nm resolution using synchrotron radiation the structure was determined to a resolution of a using molecular replacement and refined to a crystallographic rfactor of rfree the refined MM includes subunits i and ii and the chains of the fv fragment heme a molecules copper atoms and mgmn atom a new metal ca IB site tentatively identified water molecules and detergent molecules only four of the water molecules are located in the cytoplasmic half of cytochrome c oxidase most of them are near the interface of subunits i and ii several waters form a hydrogenbonded cluster including the heme propionates and the mgmn IB site the fv fragment binds to the periplasmic polar domain of S1 ii and is critically involved in the formation of the crystal lattice the crystallization procedure is well reproducible and will allow for the analysis of the structures of mechanistically interesting mutant cytochrome c oxidases
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t cells recognize foreign proteins as peptides bound to self molecules encoded by the L1 H-2 complex mhc the kinetics of interaction between purified class ii mhc molecules and peptides is unusual in that the rate of association is very slow but once formed the complexes are extremely SD this raises the question of how the antigenpresenting cell provides a sufficient number of free mhc IB CS to ensure t cell immunity we present results suggesting that an exchange of peptide in mhc IB sites may take place under physiological conditions
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recent studies have demonstrated a protective effect of osteocalcin against nonalcoholic fatty MLD nafld although the specific underlying mechanisms remain unclear nrf and jnk pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of nafld the present T0 aimed to investigate whether osteocalcin protects against nafld by regulating these pathways male cblj mice were fed a highfat diet for weeks to induce nafld and were treated with recombinant decarboxylate osteocalcin ngg or VH by daily intraperitoneal i.t. during this period osteocalcin treatment protected mice from dietinduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation and CL injury increased levels of malondialdehyde and isoprostaglandin fα as well as a higher ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione in the CL of mice fed a highfat diet were significantly decreased due to the MI of osteocalcin osteocalcin treatment not only G1 nrf nuclear translocation and upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes catalase sod and gpx but also inhibited the activation of jnk in the CL gprca the putative receptor of osteocalcin was found in the liver in conclusion these results suggest that osteocalcin improves nafld by activating the nrf pathway to alleviate oxidative stress and inhibiting jnk pathway
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the use of modern neuroimaging methods to characterize the complex anatomy of brain OD at different stages reveals an enormous wealth of information in understanding this highly ordered process and provides clues to detect neurological and neurobehavioral disorders that have their origin in early structural and PET CBF maturation noninvasive diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging dti is able to distinguish CBF microscopic structures especially in the VWM regions however dti is unable to resolve the complicated neural structure ie the fiber crossing that is frequently observed during the maturation process to overcome this limitation several methods have been proposed one such method generalized qsampling imaging gqi can be applied to a variety of datasets including the single shell multishell or grid sampling schemes that are believed to be able to resolve the complicated crossing SF rabbits have been widely used for neurodevelopment research because they exhibit humanlike timing of perinatal brain VWM maturation here we present a longitudinal study using both dti and gqi to demonstrate the changes in cerebral maturation of in vivo developing rb brains over a period os undergoing hemodialysis in up to of patients and te pulmonary embolism or VG vessel thrombosis in approximately of patients the reported incidence of renovascular thrombosis following renal transplantation leading to hemorrhagic infarction with organ rejection or organ loss varied between keeping in mind the multifactorial etiology of te in patients with kidney dysfunction a general screening for thrombophilia in this patient group is not indicated selected screening on an individual patient basis should be discussed if the family history for te is positive or the patient itself had suffered one thrombosis before the onset of the renal disease or multiple tes during hemodialysis or post kidney transplantation in patients waiting for living donor kidney transplantation
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the nursing profession in the uk is today faced with L1 changes in the CS of the post registration and practice project prepp ukcc this paper raises questions about how the maintenance of professional competence as detailed in prepp can be assured through a discussion of professional porfolios and continuing education the subjectivity of guaranteeing a practitioners competence at triannual reregistration is raised with reference to benners work the paper suggests that there may be some similarities on the novice to expert continuum that relate directly to the ukccs proposals however the inherent deficiencies with such a mandatory RPA to professional development are discussed and questions posed about the extent of nurses CE needs being met in view of the controversy that still surrounds who will finance the changes and what format the portfolios will adopt practitioners are at risk of conforming to the changes but being denied the opportunity of ensuring that they possess the necessary skills and framework that are essential in ensuring the maintenance of clinical competence the paper suggests that a concerted effort will be required by both educators and service personnel to ensure that the prepp proposals are successful
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this study aimed to compare clinical outcomes for singleincision laparoscopic appendectomy sila and conventional laparoscopic appendectomy cla for the treatment of AA and to assess the feasibility of performing sila in a small hospital with limited surgical instruments and staff experience
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peroxyl radicals were derived from the oneelectron oxidation of PUFA fatty acids by sulfate radicals that were generated by the photodissociation of peroxodisulfate anions in airequilibrated AQ solutions reactions of these peroxyl and neutral guanine radicals also generated by oxidation with sulfate radicals were investigated by laser kinetic spectroscopy and the guanine oxidation products were identified by hplc and mass spectrometry methods sulfate radicals rapidly oxidize AA arac linoleic lnac and palmitoleic pmac acids with similar rate constants x m s the ccentered radicals derived from the oxidation of arac and lnac include nonconjugated rn approximately and conjugated bisallylic rba approximately radicals the latter were detectable in the absence of oxygen by their prominent narrow absorption band at nm the rn radicals of arac containing three bisallylic CS transform to the rba radicals via an intramolecular hatom abstraction rate constant x s in contrast the rn radicals of lnac that contain only one bisallylic site do not transform intramolecularly to the rba radicals in the case of pmac which contains only one double bond the rba radicals are not observed the rn radicals of pmac rapidly combine with oxygen with a rate constant of x m s the rba radicals of arac are less reactive and react with oxygen with a rate constant of x m s the arac peroxyl radicals formed spontaneously eliminate superoxide radical anions rate constant x m s the stable oxidative lesions derived from the tri oacetylguanosine or tri oacetyloxodihydroguanosine radicals and their subsequent reactions with arac peroxyl radicals were also investigated the L1 products found were the diamino himidazolone iz dehydroguanidinohydantoin gh ox and diastereomeric spiroiminodihydantoin sp nucleosides from tri oacetylguanosine and the gh ox and sp nucleosides from tri oacetyloxodihydroguanosine in airsaturated AQ solutions covalent alkylated guanine adducts were ND
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we investigated whether thrombin the final activator of coagulation cascade regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases mmp in THP-1 we show that thrombin stimulation induced mmp secretion of monocytes dose and timedependently as revealed by gelatin zymography realtime rtpcr and western blot analysis demonstrated that thrombin upregulated mrna and protein levels of mmp preincubation with antiproteaseactivated receptor par or antipar antibody partially inhibited the thrombininduced mmp secretion simultaneous incubation with both showed synergistic effect indicating the involvement of both receptors in this thrombin effect bapta a ca chelator abolished the thrombininduced mmp secretion indicating the requirement of ca mobilization in this process inhibition of thrombininduced mmp secretion by either mek inhibitor or p kinase inhibitor revealed that the thrombin effect was mediated by both erk and p pathways the activation of nfkappab by thrombin as demonstrated by electromobility shift assay was also shown to be critical to the thrombininduced mmp upregulation
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we describe the first case of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty performed in this country this year old girl had a transvalvular gradient of mmhg and after the procedure it improved to mmhg four months later cardiac catheterization did not show any significative change in pulmonary valvular gradient mmhg we describe the technique hemodynamic findings complications and advantages of this procedure we also review the literature we consider that PBV should be the first choice procedure in the treatment of patients with congenital PVS
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patients with AE have been treated using oral photochemotherapy during the initial phase complete clearing or more improvements was obtained in of them however recurrences occured in most of the patients during maintenance therapy on the whole failure were observed in patients and good or very good results in patients patients discontinued therapy after the initial treatment
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crps occurs in children less frequently than in adults but in the last two decades it has become a wellestablished entity in children and adolescents the symptomatology course responsiveness to treatment and prognosis of the paediatric disease is also different from the AD form the paper presents the successful treatment of two cases of paediatric crps involving the lower limb by continuous epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine both patients developed the condition T3 minor trauma or overuse crps diagnosis was based on clinical grounds both patients presented a history of psychological distress due to familial problems in one patient the initial treatment was lumbar sympathetic block resulting in immediate and CR recovery T3 relapse of the disease at four months the next MI included continuous EPI infusion of bupivacaine with an excellent and rapid response in the
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developmental changes in the coupling between ca entry and exocytosis were studied in mouse inner hair cells ihcs which together wise are affected by this mechanical CS answering this question will require determining which of the several potential pathways S1 v takes in the process of adp PR and how actin influences the kinetics of these pathways we have addressed this issue by examining how magnesium regulates the kinetics of adp PR from myosin v and actomyosin v our data support a model in which actin accelerates the PR of adp from myosin v by reducing the magnesium affinity of a myosin vmgadp intermediate this is likely a consequence of the structural changes that actin induces in S1 to PR phosphate this effect on magnesium affinity provides a plausible explanation for how mechanical CS can alter this actininduced acceleration for actomyosin v magnesium PR follows phosphate PR and precedes adp release increasing magnesium concentration to within the physiological range would thus slow both the atpase activity and the velocity of movement of this motor
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd is a multifaceted condition that cannot be fully described by the severity of AO the limitations of spirometry and clinical history have prompted researchers to investigate a multitude of surrogate biomarkers of disease for the assessment of patients prediction of risk and guidance of treatment the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of observations for a selection of recently investigated pulmonary inflammatory biomarkers surfactant protein d spd club cell protein cc and pulmonary and activationregulated chemokine parcccl and systemic inflammatory biomarkers creactive protein crp and fibrinogen with copd the relevance of these biomarkers for copd is discussed in terms of their biological plausibility their independent association to disease and hard clinical outcomes their modification by interventions and whether changes in clinical outcomes are reflected by changes in the biomarker
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estrogen may influence coronary HR disease risk in women through the effects of endogenous opioids on autonomic control of blood pressure in a randomized placebocontrolled trial we examined the combined effects of estrogen and the opioid antagonist naltrexone on blood pressure responses to psychological stress in postmenopausal women after months of estrogen or estrogen plus progestin HRT n or placebo replacement participants completed a mental arithmetic task T3 administration of mgkg oral naltrexone or PL systolic blood pressure sbp diastolic blood pressure mean arterial pressure and HR rate hr were measured at rest and during the arithmetic stressor AS produced significant increases in circulatory measures regardless of estrogen condition or opioid blockade ps interestingly there was an estrogen by NAL interaction on sbp reactivity scores f p where women on estrogen with IN or showed the largest sbp responses to stress compared with all other conditions this is consistent with some studies of premenopausal women suggesting that estrogens may alter opioid function during AS the interaction between estrogen and endogenous opioids may explain sex differences in opioid effects on AS CR in younger premenopausal women
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SS concentrations of PIT and adrenal hormones were determined in lactating sows and ovariectomized ovx gilts exposed to h ld or h of light ld in addition SS prolactin prl concentrations were determined T3 a TSH releasing hormone trh challenge at d of gestation or wk T3 ovariectomy of nulliparous gilts on d to of the estrous cycle d blood samples were collected from jugular vein cannulae at min intervals for h beginning at h immediately T3 the last sample sows and five ovx gilts were assigned to ld and sows and five ovx gilts were assigned to ldd and placed in two MZ chambers in the farrowing house blood sampling was repeated on d and of lactation in the sows and on d and in the ovx gilts in exp SS cortisol c concentrations were similar for sows exposed to ld n and ld n treatments whereas in exp serum c concentrations for sows exposed to ld n were lower than those exposed to ld n on d and LD failed to influence serum concentrations of prl luteinizing hormone lh and growth hormone in the lactating sows or prl in the ovx gilts photoperiod also failed to affect mean basal serum concentrations peak height and peak frequency for prl and lh in the lactating sows or for prl in the ovx giltsabstract truncated at words
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the effect of ngmonomethyl larginine lnmma an analogue of larginine a proposed precursor of endotheliumderived relaxing factor edrf on edrf release from bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells was investigated using endothelial cellvascular smooth muscle cocultures and a superfused column containing EC cells grown on microcarrier beads cocultures were stimulated with control buffer atp BK melittin a or nitroprusside in the presence and absence of varying concentrations of lnmma microm lnmma caused significant concentrationdependent decreases in cyclic gmp accumulation in response to the endotheliumdependent dilators bradykinin atp melittin and a but had no effect on control or nitroprussidestimulated cocultures the GABA effect of lnmma on cyclic gmp accumulation was partially reversed by treatment with larginine but was unaffected by darginine to determine the specific site of action of lnmma EC cells on microcarrier beads were placed in a column and superfused with buffer the effluent from the column was collected in second ml fractions into cm monolayer wells of V1 smooth muscle cells before and T3 addition of agonists BK a to the column inflow the cyclic gmp content of each well of smooth muscle cells was determined as an index of edrf activity lnmma superfused through the endothelial cell column inhibited cyclic gmp accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells induced by BK and a lnmma introduced into the effluent from the endothelial cell column had no effect on smooth muscle cyclic gmp levels we conclude that lnmma is an ERP TPS inhibitor of edrf production or PR and its action is TPS to the endothelial cell
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the investigations were focussed on the question as to whether roots of intact maize plants zea mays l cv blizzard release protons into deionized ho plants in the six to seven leaf stage depressed the ph of deionized ho from to about during an experimental period of hours only onethird of the protons released could be ascribed to the solvation of co in ho the main counter anions released were cl no and so at LT degrees c the h release was virtually blocked while a relatively high amount of k was released the presence of k na ca and mg in the external solution increased the h secretion significantly addition of vanadate to the outer medium inhibited the h PR while fusicoccin had a stimulating effosis are closely related processes but the association between SLEDAI and thrombogenicity in takayasus arteritis ta is poorly understood to investigate the link between platelet activation and disease activity flow cytometric analyses of PLT pselectin and G1 gpiibiiia expression were performed in patients with ta
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we have investigated the contribution of smooth muscle ca stores to chaotic vasomotion in isolated rabbit ear resistance arteries in S9 constricted by histamine SE to cyclopiazonic acid cpa and thapsigargin tsg which inhibit the caadenosinetriphosphatase atpase pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum first induced then abolished highly characteristic mixedmode oscillatory SMB the fractal dimension of the vasomotion which reflects the minimum number of contributing dynamic variables remained between and until the point at which oscillations disappeared CR by contrast ryanodine which attenuates cainduced ca PR decreased the fractal dimension of the responses to in a graded concentrationdependent fashion by selectively suppressing a slow subcomponent of the overall rhythmic activity cpaassociated oscillations were insensitive to ryanodine but could be abolished by verapamil and modulated in an inhibitory or stimulatory fashion by charybdotoxin which blocks caactivated k channels and by ouabain which blocks the nakatpase we conclude that there is nonlinear cross talk between cpatsgsensitive ca stores and a membrane FEO that regulates ca influx and that the kinetics of ca uptake by the cpatsgsensitive pool can be distinguished dynamically from the kinetics of ca release from its ryanodinesensitive subcomponent
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a systematic fragmentbased de novo design procedure was developed and applied to discover new potent and selective inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase beta gskβ candidate inhibitors were generated to simultaneously maximize the biochemical potency and the specificity for gskβ through three design steps identification of the optimal molecular fragments for the three subbinding regions design of proper linking moieties to connect the fragmental building blocks and final scoring of the generated molecules by virtue of modifying the ligand hydration free energy term in the scoring CF using hybrid scaled particle theory and the extended solventcontact model we identified several gskβ inhibitors with biochemical potencies ranging from low nanomolar to picomolar C2 among them the two most potent inhibitors and are anticipated to serve as promising starting points of drug discovery for various diseases caused by gskβ because of the high specificity for the inhibition of gskβ
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among the consecutive patients registered in the postmarketing surveillance for leflunomide were reported to have lung injury and died from it the adjusted multivariate logistic SRA of the risk AF showed that preexisting interstitial lung disease posed the greatest risk as well as LD smoking history and low body weight of kg or less with odds ratios of and respectively in patients lung injury developed even months T3 leflunomide withdrawal when patients with n and without n fatal outcome were compared eight out of the former and six out of the latter had preexisting interstitial lung disease the former showed severe hypoxemia high SS creactive protein level hypoalbuminemia and continuous lymphocytopenia and required mechanical ventilation on the basis of these results and literature review the committee proposes that leflunomide should only be recommended as a secondline drug should not be administered to patients with preexisting interstitial lung disease should also not be po to patients with smoking PH or those with low body weight and should be po without LD careful monitoring is necessary and when lung injury develops leflunomide beta using colestyramine is mandatory
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we have made a new monoclonal antibody el and used it with an immunorosetting procedure combined with FH gradient centrifugation to purify and SC basal KCs immunofluorescence of cell suspensions and immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections demonstrate that el reacts with malignant cell lines activated lymphocytes and monocytes and basal KCs sequential IP studies demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies el and f detect the same membrane protein however we have D2 previous studies by making the new observation that both el and f react with cultured MC basal keratinocytes were purified from singlecell epidermal suspensions by incubation with el followed by rosetting with rb antimouse EA covalently linked to bovine red blood cells rosetting basal keratinocytes were separated from el negative cells by ficoll gradient centrifugation we obtained basal keratinocyte populations of greater than purity as assessed by reactivity with el and another basal keratinocytespecific monoclonal antibody hcl langerhans cell fibroblast and melanocyte contamination was negligible cultures of basal keratinocytes were EC in elreactive cells throughout the entire days of SC studied el is being used to characterize disorders of keratinocyte proliferation el reacted with both squamous and BCCs el stained only the basal layer of lesional skin from patients with psoriasis PRP and dariers disease purification of basal KCs will be important in biochemical and PET studies of NS and in establishing LT KC lines from normal cells
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human trnacucglu has been isolated by direct hybridization of the trna to s ribosomal rna we now report the isolation of mouse trnacucglu using the same procedure partial sequence analysis of the mouse trna shows that it is MZ to the human trna and to a cloned rat tdnacucglu sequence this mouse trnacucglu however differs by one nucleotide from a previously cloned mouse tdnacucglu sequence suggesting that the tdna may be a pseudogene further evolutionary comparison of these and other glu trnas and tdnas has provided evidence to suggest that two other tdnaglu sequences arose by mutation of PET trnaglu genes such that their anticodon sequences were converted from one glutamate isoacceptor to the other these tdna sequences may also represent pseudogenes
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questions on life satisfactionhypopituitarism qlsh is a new qualityoflife qol questionnaire developed for adults with hypopituitarism to determine the effects of LT gh treatment on qol we evaluated qlsh zscores in adult patients with GHD ghd enrolled in hypoccs an international observational T0 using data from five countries in which comparative qlsh data from the GP were available baseline qlsh zscores were significantly lower in ghdeficient patients than in the GA population of the same age gender and nationality zscores were also significantly lower in female patients vs males p and in adultonset vs childhoodonset ghd p multivariate analysis associated female gender multiple PIT hormone deficiencies low serum igfi values micro gliter and concomitant antidepressant medication with low baseline zscores qlsh zscores increased from sd at baseline to sd after yr of gh treatment p and were no longer significantly different from the GP after yr of treatment there was no rho between NC in zscore and gh dose or changes in igfi and igf IB protein during treatment this T0 demonstrates that improvements in qol as measured by the qlsh are maintained during longterm gh replacement therapy of adults with ghd and the qlsh is a useful tool for evaluating qol in hypopituitary patients treated in clinical practice the authors suggest that evaluation of qol should be a part of the routine clinical management of adult ghdeficient patients complementing the measurement of surrogate biological markers or other clinical end points
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the world health organization who declared the ebola virus disease evd epidemic to be a public health emergency of international concern healthcare workers hcws are at the highest risk of infection as they may come into contact with patients blood or fluids this study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitudes of hcws towards evd in india
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infusion of glutamine mumolmin into the superior mesenteric vein leads to a decrease of renal glomerular filtration rate gfr and urinary flow rate v whereas infusion of MZ amounts of glutamine into the jugular vein does not significantly alter gfr or v the effect of MES glutamine is mimicked by MES infusion of nmolmin serotonin and is abolished in the presence of nmolmin methysergide the effect of mesenteric serotonin is almost abolished after transection of vagal hepatic SN the observations point to a serotoninergic hepatorenal reflex regulating renal function
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globoid cell leukodystrophy gld or krabbes disease is a debilitating and always fatal pediatric neurodegenerative disease caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the hydrolytic enzyme galactosylceramidase galc in the absence of galc progressive loss of myelin and accumulation of a neurotoxic ATP lead to incapacitating loss of motor and cognitive CF and death typically by years of age currently there is no cure recent convincing evidence of the therapeutic potential of combining gene and cell therapies in the mu MM of gld has accelerated the requirement for validated markers of disease to evaluate therapeutic efficacy here we demonstrate clinically relevant and quantifiable measures of central cns and IP pns NS PD in the naturally occurring canine model of gld as measured by BS auditoryevoked response testing gld dogs demonstrated a significant increase in iv interpeak latency and hearing threshold at all time points motor nerve conduction E/A ncvs in gld dogs were significantly lower than normal by weeks of age and sensory ncv was significantly lower than normal by weeks of age serving as a sensitive indicator of PN dysfunction postmortem histological evaluations confirmed neuroimaging and EDX assessments and detailed loss of myelin and accumulation of storage product in the cns and the pns additionally CSF fluid psychosine concentrations were significantly elevated in gld dogs demonstrating potential as a biochemical marker of disease these data demonstrate that cns and pns PD can be quantified over time in the canine MM of gld with tools MZ to those used to assess human patients © wiley periodicals inc
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the neonatal and obstetric approaches to preventing group b streptococcal neonatal infections are reviewed although recent reports recommend prophylactic antibiotic treatment of antepartum and intrapartum group b streptococcal carriers and lowbirthweight infants acceptance of these schemes is not widespread a preliminary study to evaluate the value of semiquantitative vaginal and C2 cultures of antepartum women for GBS in predicting maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity revealed of the T0 population were carriers GBS isolated from broth only but only had heavy colonization growth in broth and on streaked plates and morbidity associated with heavily colonized mothers during the current pregnancy included group b streptococcal endometritis patient neonatal sepsis and readmission of a P0 for transient cyanosis two of the heavily colonized mothers were known carriers in their last pregnancy had GBS endometritis and the infant of the second developed clinical sepsis at weeks of age the clinical vant epidemiological situation verification of GC from cultures should be made an integral component of gynaecological routine checks
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eight healthy male volunteers participated in a singleblind random allocation crossover comparison of intravenous metoclopramide mg the peripherally acting gastrointestinal stimulant brl mg and saline the CNS system effects were assessed by quantitative electroencephalography eeg and by visual analogue scales gastric motility and emptying were assessed by epigastric impedance metoclopramide increased the eeg amplitude by a statistically significant p less than effect and increased frequencies above hz whereas both brl and placebo had only minor effect on the eeg frequencies and slightly decreased the eeg amplitude ratings on visual analogue scales showed that metoclopramide caused statistically significant p less than difference from placebo restlessness and slight but significantly less p less than difference from PL feeling of happiness epigastic impedance changes indicated that both metoclopramide and brl increased gastric contractile activity but the rate of gastric emptying was not significantly altered by either drug although it tended to be shortened following metoclopramide but not brl treatment it is concluded that since the published animal data show that brl has only weak dopamine antagonistic properties this study further implicates dopamine receptor blockade in the akathisia but not in the gastric effect of metoclopramide
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leukocytes play an important role in the development of ischemiareperfusion injury this study was conducted to ascertain whether SP corresponding to the cell and heparinbinding sequences of fibronectin that disturb leukocyte adhesion molecules were effective in neuronal protection FCI in rats the authors evaluated the efficacy of peptides on infarction size leukocyte infiltration in the ICM tissue and neurological outcome in rats subjected to hour of cerebral ischemia and hours of reperfusion twentyone animals were divided into three CG transient the ca region was rated on a intact to severe neuronal damage scale by a rater blind to the exp condition control slices exposed to ischemia were rated as n lngmonomethylarginine microm and L-NOARG microm nonselective no synthase nos inhibitors diminished ischemic damage n and n respectively an inhibitor of brain nos nitroindazole microm was also ERP against ICM degeneration n these results suggest that activation of nos is involved in ischemic degeneration in the ca region
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twenty patients with chronic suprasacral spinal cord injury presenting with DH were examined in a preliminary T0 in ten patients we investigated the reproducibility of BC through the repetition of three cystometries the effect of electrical stimulation es on DH was then investigated in ten patients during three consecutive cystometries the first one without es baseline and the other two with continuous es of the dorsal penile or clitoris nerve via surface electrodes parameters of stimulation were hz frequency msec PP duration and stimulation strength of and times the bulbocavernosus reflex threshold no significant differences in bladder capacity were found between the three consecutive cystometries without es respectively ml ml and ml a current at the bulbocavernosus threshold mean ma failed to induce a significant increase in bladder capacity compared to baseline ml vs ml p whereas a current of twice the BC threshold mean ma was highly significant ml vs ml p es of twice the threshold resulted in perineal contraction in all of the patients the threshold es never did our results emphasise the decisive roles of perineal contraction and of current strength for achieving shortterm bladder inhibition in spinal cord injury patients the carryover effect may also be dependent on the current strength if so maximal pudendal es could represent an alternative procedure in the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia in these patients
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the selenoorganic compound ebselen showed antimalarial activity in vitro against the mu plasmodium berghei and the human p falciparum in p berghei the uptake and incorporation of hmethionine and hadenosine was inhibited and the infectivity of plasmodia was reduced ebselen affects the OD of asexual stages of chloroquineresistant and sensitive p falciparum strains its ic for p falciparum was about mumoll and that for p berghei about mumoll the growth of p falciparum was blocked by ebselen at all stages including the invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites in a HepG2 cell L1 and in mouse peritoneal macrophages no cytostatic or cytotoxic effects were found indicating selective inhibition of plasmodia by ebselen its in vitro inhibitory effect is discussed in relation to its possible reactivity with thiol groups and its lack of an antimalarial effect in INF mice
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this T0 evaluated the validity of panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography cbct in the assessment of mandibular canal and impacted third molar in this descriptiveanalytical T0 mandibular third molars from patients who showed a close relationship between impacted third molar and canal on panoramic radiographs were selected they were then classified into seven radiographic markers in panoramic radiographs superimposition darkening of the root interruption of the white lines root narrowing canal diversion canal narrowing and also closed distance in opg mm the groups of markers were further assessed with cbct to see presence or absence of contact the three most common markers seen in panoramic images are superimposition interruption of WG L1 and root darkening in cbct superimposition marker always presented higher frequency of contact with canal compared to noncontact group there are of teeth presented with interruption of WG lines and there are of teeth presented with superimposition about and of the impacted mandibular third molars which indicated interruption of WG lines and superimposition also indicated contact in the cbct respectively presence or absence of radiological sign in panoramic radiography was not properly predict a close relationship with third molar and it is suggested that in case of toothcanal overlapping the patient should be referred for cbct assessment
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noninvasive TCD recordings were correlated to the angiographic findings in patients with i.c. disease stenoses reducing the luminal area of the internal carotid i.a. by or more also reduced the pulsatility transmission index pti of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery mca the pti is the pulsatility index of the i.a. under T0 expressed as a percent of the pulsatility index of another intracranial artery with presumed unimpeded inflow in the same indof the leg is described it is based on preliminary culture of organisms in the ulcers followed by sensitivity tests to ascertain the appropriate antibiotics or antibacterials to be used patients with pseudomonas infection are hospitalized and receive intramuscular injections of amikacin sulphate mg twice daily for days a oncedaily spraying of antibiotic powder on the ulcer for days and a topical gentian violet regimen once daily for a further days to encourage adhesion of a dressing to the ulcer bed T3 discharge the patients are treated in the consulting rooms ulcers without pseudomonas infection but from which organisms have been cultured are treated in the consulting rooms with drugs indicated by the results of sensitivity tests and topical gentian violet patients from whom organisms have not been cultured are treated with cotrimoxazole and topical gentian violet patients are taught correct bandaging of the calf with a mm wide crêpe bandage and a rowden foote elastic bandage firm bandaging prevents calf oedema the factor predisposing to ulceration patients are initially seen daily and then as the dressing becomes Ad at decreasing intervals until it is shed both bandages are worn until the affected tissues heal the patient is then fitted with a BK heavyduty elastic stocking
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a perfusion phantom with unique features and a wide variety of applications in mr and other imaging modalities is presented using microfabrication technique a network of microchannels in the scale of actual microvasculature was created the geometry of the network was determined based on murrays minimum work law to simulate the hemodynamic in actual capillary networks the perfusionrelated parameters such as MEFV ratio and the transit time were precisely calculated using a FEM based program these parameters were also estimated through the deconvolution of the residue CF from the tissue concentrationtime curve in the perfusion MM the widely accepted singular value decomposition svd method in standard ssvd and reformulated rsvd forms were used for the purpose of the deconvolution and regularization the accuracy of these methods in the presence of delay and dispersion was investigated comparing the estimated values to the true values the contribution of each of these sources of error to the total error in the estimated perfusion parameters was determined
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the zebrafish danio rerio is rapidly becoming a popular model species in behavioral neuroscience research zebrafish behavior is robustly affected by environmental and pharmacological manipulations and can be examined using explorationbased paradigms paralleled by analysis of endocrine cortisol AS responses discontinuation of various psychotropic drugs evokes withdrawal in both humans and rodents characterized by increased anxiety sensitivity of zebrafish to drugs of abuse has been recently reported in the literature here we examine the effects of ethanol diazepam morphine and caffeine withdrawal on zebrafish SMB overall discontinuation of ethanol diazepam and morphine produced anxiogeniclike behavioral or endocrine responses demonstrating the utility of zebrafish in translational research of withdrawal syndrome
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many animals including humans select alternate forms of motion gaits to move efficiently in different environments however it is unclear whether primitive animals such as nematodes also use this strategy we used a multifaceted RPA to T0 how the nematode caenorhabditis elegans freely moves into and out of water we demonstrate that c elegans uses biogenic amines to switch between distinct crawling and swimming gaits dopamine is necessary and sufficient to initiate and maintain crawling after swimming serotonin is necessary and sufficient to transition from crawling to swimming and to inhibit a set of crawlspecific behaviors further T0 of locomotory switching in c elegans and its dependence on biogenic amines may provide insight into how gait EMT are performed in other animals
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we describe an approach to substituting a fluorescence microarray with a surface made of an arrangement of electrolytegated field effect transistors this was achieved using a dedicated blocking of nonspecific interactions and comparing threshold Vc shifts of TFTs exhibiting probe molecules of different base CS we apply the RPA to detection of the delg mutation which is related to nonsyndromic deafness and is one of the most frequent mutations in humans the process involves barcode sequences that are generated by taspcr a newly developed replication reaction using polymerase blocking the barcodes are recognized by hybridization to surface attached probes and are directly detected by the semiconductor device
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a phase i trial of CLZ was completed for a weekly times four dose schedule repeated every weeks thrombocytopenia was the acute DLT nausea and vomiting were moderate to severe and dose related two cases of possible drug related irreversible nephrotoxicity were seen transient elevations of SS creatinine and mild proteinuria were noted also transient elevations in sgot were observed one patient with a carcinoid RT had a reduction in his hiaa level after one course of therapy the recommended dose for phase ii clinical studies of chlorozotocin is mgm iv weekly for four weeks repeated every weeks
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in a randomized trial of pulsatile vs nonpulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass for PD surgery we studied hemodynamic and hormonal responses anesthesia did not produce a response but from the time of the incision cortisol and ADH C2 and plasma renin activity all increased cortisol C2 continued to rise T3 surgery whereas the other began to fall systemic vascular resistance fell dramatically during cardiopulmonary bypass but rapidly rose after bypass with a reciprocal change in cardiac index we did not see the changes ascribed to nonpulsatile bypass by others there ws no difference between our pulsatile and nonpulsatile cases highflow cardiopulmonary bypass vasodilating inhalation anesthesia and continuation of inderal therapy may account for our results
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posterior tibial tendon dysfunction varies in location and severity WB radiographs have been validated to assess PTT dysfunction yet their twodimensional nature and the inability of the patients to achieve full weightbearing during acquisition are limitations MPR modified sectional WB imaging is a novel modality yielding computed tomographylike images compared with radiographs yet with true weightbearing shorter acquisition time and lower radiation the aim of this T0 was to test two hypotheses first MPR WB imaging would localize deformity with respect to the talus in patients with posterior tibial dysfunction compared with controls and second multiplanar weightbearing imaging would correlate with specific radiographic parameters of PTT dysfunction on WB radiographs
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the effects of controlled release on immune response to an immunomodulating peptide were evaluated in a mu EAE eae MM of multiple sclerosis ms the peptide acplpbpinh achslgkwlghpdkfacpgacpgacpitdgeatdsgnh ac acetyl acp epsilon aminocaproic acid was designed to suppress tcell activation in response to plp an antigenic peptide in ms polylactidecoglycolide plga MPs containing acplpbpinh microm ww were prepared by a powderin oilin water emulsionsolvent evaporation method sterilized and po subcutaneously sc to sjlj HS mice in which eae had been induced by immunization with plp treatment CG received acplpbpinh i in solution by repeated iv or sc injection ii in solution coadministered with blank plga MPs iii in solution coadministered with acplpbpinh loaded MPs and iv as acplpbpinh loaded MPs administration of acplpbpinh as an sc solution produced clinical scores and maintenance of body weight comparable to iv solution but with reduced overall survival presumably due to anaphylaxis administration as sc microparticles provided a somewhat less effective reduction in symptoms but with no toxicity during treatment thus the results suggest that sc administration of acplpbpinh MPs can provide pharmacological efficacy and reduction in dosing frequency without increased toxicity
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the purpose of the present study was to examine whether the effects of chronic or acute SE to cadmium on memory processes in mice could be exacerbated by transiently reducing cerebral oxygen supply adult mice were subjected to bilateral clamping of the carotid artery bcca for min under anesthesia Cd chloride was administered intraperitoneally T3 surgery at single doses of mgkg low dose mgkg high dose or at a prolonged dose of mgkg for up to days LTM was evaluated in a stepthrough passive avoidance task while SWM was evaluated using a ymaze spontaneous alternation task bcca mice injected with the mgkg dose of Cd exhibited recall deficits in the stepthrough PA task combined treatment at either dose had no effect on the acquisition of PA in the ymaze task SAB was only impaired in bcca mice treated with the prolonged cadmium dose these results indicate that cerebral oligemic hypoxia may alter Cd neurotoxicity and potentiate the tendency for cadmiuminduced SM impairments in the passive avoidance task and spontaneous alternation deficits
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percutaneous DNX is a new treatment option for patients with resistant hypertension and little is known about the eligibility of patients referred consecutive patients were referred for DNX from march through september clinical data were prospectively extracted from letters and documents from referring clinics and from our physical examination of the patients included were men and the mean age was ± years OBP was ± ± mmhg and h ambulatory blood pressure ± ± mmhg the mean number of antihypertensive agents was ± nearly fourfifths of the patients were categorized as having resistant hypertension based on the criteria stated by the american HR associations stated criteria nine patients declined interest in renal denervation before completing the clinical workup program thus patients were screened and of those were found to be candidates for renal denervation forty patients were not candidates of which SH was the most common cause n only of patients referred for renal denervation were eligible for treatment the prevalence of AA hypertension was of the referred population SH should therefore be considered in the DUE of candidates for renal denervation
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the VE effects of morphineglucuronide mg and morphineglucuronide mg were evaluated in awake dogs n a fourth ventricle to cisterna magna perfusion vcp system was used for drug administration this permitted a direct comparison of the doseventilatory response characteristics of these morphine metabolites to each other and to morphine and obviated the need to consider the bloodbrain barrier delay that would complicate analysis of SVR dose versus VR relationships among these drugs the DR pattern for morphine was taken from an earlier T0 in unanesthetized dogs where the MZ mode of drug delivery as in the present report was employed morphineglucuronide caused if anything a ventilatory stimulation decreased paco and increased co responsiveness at the highest infusate concentration studied microgramsml and no significant ventilatory effects at infusate concentrations at or below microgramsml on the other hand mg produced a profound dosedependent ventilatory depression significant increases in paco and diminution of co responsiveness were observed even at the lowest infusate concentration evaluated microgramml when compared to morphine mg was found to be about five to ten times more potent as a ventilatory depressant drug these results imply that mg may play a significant role in the ventilatory depression accompanying systemic morphine administration
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HD hd and normal skin fibroblasts in SC were exposed to several acidic amino acids structurally related to lglutamate which have excitotoxic properties in the nervous system lhomocysteic acid a sulfonic acid analogue of glutamate was the only other acidic amino acid causing fibroblast degeneration similar to that induced by glutamate none of the other compounds tested including the d isomer of HCA were as toxic as mm glutamate as previously noted with glu treatment hd fibroblasts demonstrated an increased sensitivity to lhomocysteic acid compared to controls in contrast to glutamate no cellular metabolism of lhomocysteic acid could be detected a property which may account for the increased cytotoxicity of lhomocysteic acid compared to glu the ID of lhomocysteic acid a glu analogue which undergoes limited metabolism should enable the elucidation of the toxic mechanism of glu and facilitate the determination of the site conferring increased sensitivity of cultured hd fibroblasts to glutamate
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