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avian influenza virus and some rat influenza a viruses are usually isolated propagated and titrated in embryonated chicken eggs ece most any sample type can be accommodated for SC with AGA processing isolation may also be accomplished in cell culture particularly if rat lineage isolates are suspected for example swine influenza in turkey specimens culture is highly CS but is not TPS for influenza a which may be an advantage because a sample may be screened for several agents at once once an agent is isolated in SC the presence of influenza viruses is confirmed with any of several assays the methods for propagating virus isolates in ece are described | MEDAL |
the enzymes in PL of the inner ear scala and within fluid filling the ME cavity were investigated in the fetal guinea pig near term PL lactic dehydrogenase ldh exhibited differential activity between fetal scalae vestibuli and tympani and ldh aldolase phosphohexose isomerase and creatine phosphokinase in PL of particular fetal scalae were elevated in activity in activity in comparison to corresponding maternal values moreover ldh displayed different isozyme patterns for antenatal and gravid PL in the ME fluid all of the above enzymes were encountered but varied somewhat from the quantities determined for either prenatal PL or maternal serum after gravid guinea pigs were exposed to a tone of khz db spl for hours ldh of the fetal middle ear fluid was reduced in activity hours later the metabolic significance of the fetal distinctions in the ear fluids and the clinical implications of the current work are discussed | MEDAL |
we have performed pediatric openheart operations using a lower midline skin incision and a minimal sternotomy RPA since there was no death or major complication caused by this approach and the resulting scar in each patient is difficult to be seen under an ordinary undershirt the technique of a lower midline skin incision and minimal sternotomy approach is a safe reliable and cosmetically advantageous method for a pediatric cardiac T0 we have applied an AB predonation protocol in pediatric openheart surgery since the T0 included children weighing kg or more mlkg of blood was taken twice before operation patients needed no HB transfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass we consider our protocol of AB predonation to be safe and ERP for avoiding rat blood transfusion in pediatric patients twelve children with patent DA pda were successfully treated by thoracoscopic surgery under transesophageal echocardiography by which interruption of the ductal flow was confirmed videoassisted endoscopic surgery can be safely applied to pediatric patients with pda this technique may be an ERP addition to the staged management of more complex forms of congenital heart defects to minimize deleterious postoperative influences of CP bypass on the pulmonary circulation the RA HR bypass operation was achieved without use of CP bypass four patients in whom no intracardiac procedure was needed have undergone this operative maneuver using a temporary bypass this operative procedure is especially recommended for pulmonary atresia with intact VS with sinusoidal communication when decompression of right ventricular pressure might cause coronary steel and ischemia | MEDAL |
the principles of interventional video tomography were applied for the realtime visualization of temporomandibular joint movements in an augmented reality environment anatomic structures were extracted in 3D from planar cephalometric radiographic images the liveimage F0 of these graphic anatomic structures with RT position data of the mandible and the articular fossa was performed with a seethrough headmounted display and an electromagnetic tracking system the dynamic F0 of radiographic images of the temporomandibular joint to anatomic temporomandibular joint structures in motion created a new modality for temporomandibular joint motion analysis the advantages of the method are its ability to accurately examine the motion of the temporomandibular joint in 3D without restraining the subject and its ability to simultaneously determine the relationship of the bony temporomandibular joint and supporting structures ie occlusion muscle function etc during movement before and T3 treatment | MEDAL |
recently the capability of OCT oct has been demonstrated for noninvasive BGM in this work we investigate the administration of chemical agents onto human skin tissue to increase the transparency of the surface of the skin as a means of improving the capability of oct imaging for clinically relevant applications eight groups of experiments were proposed in which different optical clearing agents oca were used the results indicate that when properly used some ocas perform well in promoting the capability of oct for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring among the four kinds of oca we used vv glycerol solute turns out to be the best enhancer compared with the results of the experiments in which no oca was used when glycerol was applied onto the human skin topically the correlation coefficient between the oct signal slope octss and blood gl concentration bgc was improved by on average and the lag time between changes in the octss and bgc was cut by min on average the results of wv mannitol were also good but not as pronounced | MEDAL |
assembly of collagen into fibrils is widely studied as a spontaneous and entropydriven process to determine whether V1 smooth muscle cells smcs impact the formation of collagen fibrils we microscopically tracked the conversion of soluble to insoluble collagen in human smc cultures using fluorescent type i collagen at concentrations less than that which supported selfassembly collagen microaggregates were found to form on the cell surface initially as punctate collections and then as an increasingly intricate network of fibrils these fibrils displayed nm periodicity and were found in membranedelimited cellular invaginations fibril assembly was inhibited by an antialphabeta integrin antibody and accelerated by an alphabeta integrin antibody that stimulates a highaffinity IB state newly assembled collagen fibrils were also found to colocalize with newly assembled fibronectin fibrils moreover inhibition of fibronectin assembly with an antialphabeta Int antibody CR inhibited collagen assembly collagen fibril formation was also linked to the CSK fibrils formed on the stretched tails of smcs ran parallel to actin MF bundles and formed poorly on smcs transduced with retrovirus containing cdna for dominantnegative rhoa and robustly on smcs expressing constitutively AS rhoa lysophosphatidic acid which activates rhoa and stimulates fibronectin assembly stimulated collagen fibril formation establishing for the first time that collagen polymerization can be regulated by soluble agonists of cell CF thus collagen fibril formation is under close cellular control and is dynamically integrated with fibronectin assembly opening new possibilities for modifying collagen deposition | MEDAL |
it has been reported in the literature that both adults and children can to a different degree modify and regularize the ofteninconsistent linguistic input they receive we present a new algorithm to model and investigate the learning process of a learner mastering a set of grammatical or lexical forms from an inconsistent source the algorithm is related to reinforcement learning and driftdiffusion models of decision making and possesses several psychologically relevant properties such as fidelity robustness discounting and computational simplicity it demonstrates how a learner can successfully learn from or even surpass its imperfect source we use the data collected by singleton and newport cognit psychol on the performance of a yearboy simon who mastered the american sign language asl by learning it from his parents both of whom were imperfect speakers of asl we show that the algorithm possesses a frequency boosting property whereby the frequency of the most common form of the source is increased by the learner we also explain several key features of simons asl | MEDAL |
the ubiquitinproteasome pathway plays a critical role in the degradation of cellular proteins and cell cycle control dysregulating the degradation of such proteins should have profound effects on tumor growth and causes cells to undergo apoptosis the aims of this T0 are to evaluate the ubiquitinproteasome pathway in GC and the potential role of pharmacological inhibition of proteasome on induction of apoptosis in GC cells GC cell lines ags p wildtype and mkn p mutant were treated with proteasome inhibitor mg the results showed that mg inhibited cell proliferation in ags and mkn cells in a time and dosedependent manner the inhibition of cell proliferation was caused by apoptosis which was also time and dosedependent ags cells were more responsive to mg than mkn cells induction of apoptosis was preceded by the activation of ICE as measured by a colorimetric ICE cellular activity and western blotting of the cleavage of ICE and its ATP parp activation of ICE was also exhibited in addition zvadfmk a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor reversed apoptosis induced by mg in ags and mkn cells although zdevdfmk a TPS caspase inhibitor suppressed mginduced apoptosis in mkn cells it only partially rescued the AI effect in ags cells caspase activation was the result of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol as a consequence of upregulation of bax there were overexpressions of all the proteasomerelated proteins p pwaf and pkip at hr T3 proteasome inhibition which was identified by the accumulation of ubiquitintagged proteins this was accompanied by accumulation of cells at g phase our present T0 suggests that inhibition of proteasome function in gastric CA cells induces apoptosis and proteasomal inhibitors have potential use as novel anticancer drugs in GC | MEDAL |
in this work the relationship between the theoretical atomization efficiencies ea and atomization temperature t in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry gfaas for elements were studied in detail the results showed that a linear relationship between the ea and the atomization temperature existed at a definite atomization temperature range the rho coefficient was within for elements the Mw was in the range of the theoretical atomization efficiency was about for all elements at optimized atomization temperature this indicated that some factors should be taken into account in the lvov modified MM of characteristic mass | MEDAL |
combining fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ftir with endoscopy it is expected that noninvasive rapid PCD of colorectal cancer can be performed in vivo in the future in this study fourier transform infrared spectra were collected from endoscopic biopsy colorectal tissue samples colitis and cancers a new method viz entropy weight localhyperplane knearestneighbor ewhk which is an improved version of klocal hyperplane distance nearestneighbor hknn is proposed for tissue classification in order to avoid limiting high dimensions and small values of the nearest neighbor the new ewhk method calculates feature weights based on information entropy the average results of the random classification showed that the ewhk classifier for differentiating cancer from colitis samples produced a sensitivity of and a specificity of | MEDAL |
the characteristics of fluoride ion adsorption onto carbonaceous materials were derived as adsorption isotherms at different temperatures and in different ph solutions the fluoride ion was adsorbed into pores in carbonaceous materials produced from wood the larger the specific surface area the more fluoride ions adsorbed bone char was the most ERP adsorbent the composition of bone char includes calcium phosphate calcium carbonate and so on this suggests that the phosphate ion in bone char was exchanged with a fluoride ion moreover the mechanism of fluoride ion adsorption onto bone char is clearly chemical in nature because the amount of fluoride ion adsorbed onto bone char increased with increasing temperature and decreasing ph the amount of fluoride ion adsorbed onto bone char was also shown to depend on the concentration of sodium chloride in solution because of the saltingout effect the adsorption of fluoride ion onto bone cdivide by and operation at higher division ratios appears feasible under certain conditions | MEDAL |
the role of cellmediated immunity in REC from RPV infection in rabbits was investigated by application of IS procedures ie treatment with antithymocyte serum and combined treatment with thymectomy and antithymocyte SS both of which were confirmed to depress significantly cellmediated immunity in rabbits the immunosuppressed animals recovered in almost the normal fashion in terms of clinical signs of virus clearance from the blood and lymphoid tissues and of repair of the lesions it was suggested that the thymusdependent cellmediated immunity may not be essential in REC from rinderpest virus infection possibility of participation of other recovery mechanisms was discussed | MEDAL |
nrschlorophenylhydroxydimethylpiperidinylmethyloxobutanylsulfamoylbenzamide is a potent cc chemokine receptor ccr antagonist the compound possessing benzamide functionality successfully underwent tritiumhydrogen th exchange with an organoiridium catalyst crabtrees munohistochemistry and p fish analysis provide reliable markers of mesothelial malignancy in effusion cytology specimens especially where the atypical mesothelial proliferation is well sampled bap is easier to interpret with scanty specimens on the basis of small numbers of cases use of both markers appears to increase sensitivity | MEDAL |
fourteenday anaprilin treatment of coronary patients with varying glucose tolerance has demonstrated that the drugs therapeutic efficiency was greater in patients with normal glucose tolerance anaprilin caused a moderate drop in baseline gl level and considerably limited the degree of hyperglycemia in response to the gl tolerance test in coronary patients with abnormally low glucose tolerance insulin content was virtually unaffected by the drug irrespective of the type of glucose tolerance | MEDAL |
acetylpyridinedimethylaminothiocarbonylthiocarbonohydr azone au inactivated herpes simplex virus type ribonucleotide reductase ec by a firstorder process kinact which hadg the chloro bromo and iodocongeners all inhibited murine sarcoma s mesado phosphorylase with ki values in the range of to m halogenated derivatives of dihydroxypropoxymethyladenine which more closely resemble the natural substrate were substantially more potent inhibitors of the enzyme with ki values in the range of x m methylthio and halogenated analogs of deoxysecoadenosine were weak inhibitors with ki values of m or greater hydroxyiodoproxymethyladenine hipa the derivative with the lowest ki values among these analogs was a competitive inhibitor of s mesado phosphorylase in preliminary studies hipa inhibited mesado phosphorylase in intact hl HL-60 cells as it limited the incorporation of cmesado into cellular adenine nucleotide pools in addition phosphonoalkyladenines representing potential multisubstrate inhibitors of mesado phosphorylase were synthesized of these the heptyl derivative was the most potent inhibitor with a ki of x m at low mm phosphate concentrations the inhibitory effects of these analogs could be ablated at high phosphate concentrations mm suggesting that they interact with the phosphate binding site on the enzyme some of these novel mesado phosphorylase inhibitors may have a role in cancer chemotherapy as potentiators of agents that block purine de novo synthesis eg antifolates and methylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside | MEDAL |
biomimetic selfassembled calcium carbonate caco concentric microgrooves with groove widths of and μm were fabricated through simply controlling incubation temperature mouse preosteoblastic mcte cells were cultured on flat and microgrooved substrates of caco and their adhesion spreading proliferation ALP phosphatase activity and calcium content were remarkably enhanced by the microgrooves in particular the narrower ones furthermore FAs and actin filaments of mcte cells could be aligned on both μm and μmwide caco grooves compared with the original round nuclei on the flat substrates and expanded round nuclei on the narrower microgrooves the mcte cell nuclei on μmwide caco grooves demonstrated preferred entrapment in the grooves and significant alignment with a smaller area after twoday SC | MEDAL |
we have investigated the endocytosis by rat CL of asialofetuin coupled to i tyramine TC i tcasf subcellular distribution of radioactive compounds was established after differential and isopycnic centrifugation and by analysing the fractions by sds PACE labelling secondary lysosomes was performed by injecting rats with triton wr four days before injecting the protein results show that after being associated with endosomes i tcasf is recovered in organelles where they are subjected to a first degradation the density of these organelles is practically not affected by triton wr injection later the degradation products are associated with lysosomes whose density is markedly lowered by triton wr treatment these observations suggest that the first intracellular organelles where i tcasf is subjected to digestion are distinct from the secondary lysosome population this could be in agreement with the hypothesis that supposes that endosomes acquire enzymes from primary lysosomes before fusion with AA lysosomes | MEDAL |
the treatment of hiv disease has led to a new division of management costs by shifting most of the necessary resources from inpatient treatment to OP management among the initiatives aimed at rationalising the resources available we compared tau tolerability and pharmacoeconomic impact of different regimes of ARV therapy art the survey covered the first patients clinically SD and with good viroimmunological response who switched in june from an art based on the triple combination of tenofovir tdf FTC ftc and a KPI boosted with RTV pir or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nnrti to a treatment based on abacavir abc lamivudine tc and a pir or nnrti of the patients who operated the switch replaced a pi with nevirapine nvp for which the largest group of patients was treated with abc tc nvp on may all patients completed the observation period of weeks with a mean observation period of weeks and clinicallaboratory checks every four months laboratory analysis revealed an optimal maintenance of viral suppression and absolute and relative number of cd lymphocytes and improving trend of creatinine PU SS phosphate and bone alkaline phosphatase there was a variable effect on lipids with a drop in triglycerides associated with a modest increase in total cholesterol much of the hivpositive population reporting to our hospitals comprises individuals who have for years been in stable viraemic suppression making a satisfactory immune REC while in good overall clinical condition this type of patient was the target of the present survey at the end of weeks of observation the new regimes were well tolerated and did not lead to viroimmunological or clinical deterioration pharmacoeconomic analysis showed better containment of the overall costs no patient needed to be hospitalised during the observation period | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to determine the effects of cabergoline administration on uterine blood flow in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome pcos | MEDAL |
the k channel blocker diaminopyrindine dap increases diaphragm force use of which could potentially improve muscle performance during functional neuromuscular stimulation to determine the extent of hindlimb muscle force augmentation and delineate whether dap effects vary in muscles comprised of mainly slow versus fast fibers rat soleus extensor digitorum longus edl and diaphragm muscle samples were studied in vitro dap increased force of all three muscles but at high concentrations the force increases were transient and were followed by declines in force below baseline the maximum dapinduced twitch force increase was smaller for soleus than both edl p and diaphragm p during fatigueinducing hz stimulation tested at an intermediate dap concentration force of SOL remained significantly elevated by dap for the entire testing period force of daptreated edl muscle rapidly declined to values in UT muscle and force of daptreated diaphragm had an intermediate forcetime profile muscles varied in extent to which isometric contractile kinetics were altered by dap thus the k channel blocker dap improves contractile performance of limb muscles but the profile of improvement is distinct between the soleus and edl muscles | MEDAL |
virgin female balbc mice were exposed in vivo to whole body gammaradiation andor to dimethylbenzaanthracene dmba po mammary epithelial cells were isolated and assayed for carcinogen altered cell populations both in vitro by an epithelial focus assay and in vivo by injection into cleared fat pads of syngeneic host mice five CG of mice were exposed as follows a sham controls b rad gammaradiation c rad gammaradiation d micrograms dmba or e rad gammaradiation followed in week by micrograms dmba mammary epithelial cells were isolated and assayed at h and at and weeks T3 in vconsidered before using the test if hd is not confirmed in at least one family member review of a C1 number of pedigrees has shown that of persons at risk do not have appropriate family structure for a linkage test furthermore uncooperative or inaccessible relatives may make this test infeasible for many others who wish to be tested linkage phase which must be known in the affected parent for an informative test can be determined using one or more of probeenzyme combinations for ds although the PIC pic value for any one rflp is less than the pic value for the haplotype of the two g hindiii pk ecori and r bglii rflps is greater than we have developed a scheme to incorporate linkage data and AAO information adjusted for censored observations sex of affected parent and familial rho for AAO using the computer program mlink for calculation of risk of having hd simulated experiments showed that proper age at onset adjustment is crucial to the calculation of the probability of risk a formal presymptomatic testing protocol including pre and posttest counselling psychological testing and paternity testing is recommended many of these considerations are illustrated in several actual test cases | MEDAL |
IP of the UB and UC with an inverted endophytic growth DP may be difficult to distinguish histologically especially in small biopsies the distinction is important as these lesions have very different biologic behaviors and are treated differently we examined histologic features and undertook immunohistochemical IF and urovysion fluorescence in situ hybridization fish to determine whether these methods could aid in making this distinction we examined histologic sections from inverted papillomas and urothelial carcinomas with an inverted growth pattern each RT was stained with antibodies to ki p and cytokeratin in addition each tumor was examined with urovysion fish for gains of chromosomes and and for loss of chromosome p signals none of the inverted papillomas stained positively for ki or for cytokeratin only of inverted papillomas stained positively for p by contrast and of urothelial carcinomas with an inverted growth DP stained positively for ki p and cytokeratin respectively only of the urothelial carcinomas stained negatively for all immunohistochemical markers urovysion fish produced normal results for all cases of inverted papilloma by contrast of cases of UC with an inverted growth DP demonstrated chromosomal CA typical of urothelial cancer and were considered positive by urovysion fish criteria morphologic features as well as immunohistochemical stains including stains for ki p and cytokeratin andor urovysion fish can help to distinguish inverted papilloma from urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth DP | MEDAL |
foam films are considered as a convenient MM to study the interaction behaviour and surface properties of microbial rhamnolipid type biosurfactants the scheludkoexerowa microinterferometric methodology of film thickness measurements is employed for exp studies of microscopic foam films formed from AQ solutions of a single rhamnolipid rh with one rhamnosyl head group and of mixtures of rhamnolipid surfactants rh and rh with two rhamnosyl head groups at ratios rhrh and rhrh the measurements of the equilibrium thickness h of the obtained films as a CF of surfactant concentration cs and electrolyte nacl concentration c el determine the conditions for obtaining common common black and newton black films the saturation values of the diffuse electric SL potential phi approximately mv for the rh and phi approximately mv for the rh common films conform the ionic character of the rhamnolipids the hc el curves of the rhamnolipid foam films and the directly measured disjoining pressure pih isotherms indicate the ranges of action of the dlvo and nondlvo surface forces the obtained foam film parameters allow their practical use in ecology and in various technological processes where rhamnolipid surfactants are used experiments with model lung surfactant infasurf foam films with rhamnolipid added outline a perspective for the potential application of the foam film for investigating the effect of rhamnolipids on human alveoli | MEDAL |
microalgae harbor a not fully exploited industrial and environmental potential due to their high metabolic STDP in this context a better understanding of the metabolism of microalgae and microalgalbacterial consortia under AS conditions is essential to optimize any wastetovalue RPA for their mass cultivation this work constitutes a fundamental T0 of the mixotrophic metabolism under stress conditions of an axenic culture of chlorella sorokiniana and a microalgalbactere compared with reductions in ratings of depressive PS RA hippocampal connectivity increased normalized T3 the ect series and correlated with depressive symptom reduction similarly the volumes of the right hippocampal cornu ammonis ca dentate gyrus and subiculum regions increased but the HPC subfields were unchanged relative to the comparison group connectivity changes were not evident in the left hippocampus and volume changes were limited to the left ca subfields the laterality of the RA HPC PET connectivity and volume increases may be related to CS- delivery method which was predominately RUL in this investigation the findings suggested that increased hippocampal functional connectivity and volumes may be biomarkers for ect response | MEDAL |
immunomodulatory doses of cucumarioside a complex of triterpene glycosides from holothurians cause a delay of mitosis in lever cells and compensatory increase in mitotic activity triterpene glycosides can be considered as EDC that can regulate proliferative processes | MEDAL |
williamsbeuren syndrome wbs is a neurodevelopmental microdeletion disorder that usually occurs sporadically due to its location within a highly repetitive genomic region that is unstable and prone to unequal crossover during meiosis the consequential loss of chromosomal material includes approximately mb of dna at q whilst cases of dominant inheritance have been described in the literature there have been few reports of molecular confirmation and none have carried out detailed genotyping we describe a bulgarian father and son with wbs detected by fluorescent in situ hybridisation with an elastin gene probe and loss of heterozygosity mapping using microsatellite markers located in the critical region these individuals appear to have a common wbs heterozygous deletion confirming the expected dominant transmission and adding to the few familial cases reported the deletion includes the gene fkbp which has recently been shown to play a role in rat chromosome pairing in meiosis and male fertility in mouse models homozygous fkbp male mice are infertile and our data suggests that haploinsufficiency for fkbp does not appear to preclude male fertility in wbs although male infertility involving this gene has the potential to follow the mouse model as a human AR condition | MEDAL |
transforming growth factorbeta tgfbeta has previously been implicated in the progression of diabetic nephropathy including the onset of fibrosis and albuminuria here we report for the first time the use of a highaffinity tgfbeta binding molecule the soluble human tgfbeta type ii receptor stbetariifc in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in week STZ spraguedawley rats in vitro studies using immortalized rat PT tubule cells revealed that pmoll tgfbeta disrupted Al uptake p vs control an inhibition significantly reversed by the use of the stbetariifc pmoll in vivo studies demonstrated that treatment with stbetariifc reduced UAE by at weeks at weeks p and at weeks p for diabetic vs treated this was correlated with an increase in megalin expression p for diabetic vs treated and a reduction in collagen iv expression following stbetariifc treatment p for diabetic vs treated these changes occurred independently of changes in blood glucose C2 this study demonstrates that the stbetariifc is a potential new agent for the treatment of fibrosis and albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy and may reduce albuminuria by reducing tgfbetainduced disruptions of renal PT tubule cell uptake of albumin | MEDAL |
a particle beam interface has been coupled to a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer the system allows the collection of electron ionization mass spectra from analyte in solution the interface incorporates a pneumatic nebulizer a heated desolvation chamber and a threestage separator region additional helium for improved performance is added through stage the particles formed in the interface are separated from solvent molecules and are transferred directly to the ion trap where they are expected to collide with the hot hyperbolic surface of the end cap the end cap serves both as a heated target used to vaporize the particles and as an iontrapping electrode mass analysis is achieved with the massselective instability scan supplemented with resonance ejection electron ionization spectra from ng of caffeine molecular weight mw naphthalenol methylcarbamate carbaryl mw αhydroxyprogesterone mw and RES mw are shown using sampling by a segmented flow analysis some charge exchange is evident with methanol as well as selfchemical ionization at higher analyte C2 the interface shows a nonlinear caffeine calibration curve for analyte amounts below ng and a more linear response at higher amounts caffeine was detected at pmol ng with a signaltonoise ratio of μl loop full scan | MEDAL |
michaelis constants kms and molecular MICs kos of phenyl pnitrophenyl and pmethylphenyl alphamaltoside for takaamylase a catalyzed hydrolyses were determined in ho and in do at ph or pd and at degrees c production of alphamaltose in the hydrolysis was confirmed by h nmr neither substituent nor solvent deuterium isotope effects on kms for phenyl pnitrophenyl and pmethylphenyl alphamaltosides were detected on the other hand substituent effects on kos of these compounds were evident but the isotope effects on kos were not marked so that protonation of the substrate in the catalytic reaction might not be ratelimiting the result indicates that nucleophilic attack of a carboxylate anion of the enzyme upon the protonated ATP is the ratelimiting step in the hydrolysis proceeding through the nucleophilic double displacement mechanism which involves a covalently bonded glycosyl intermediate the molecular orbitals of phenyl alphadglucosides as MM EDC of phenyl alphamaltosides were calculated by the am method from the results it was concluded that the lowering of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital lumo SE C2 and the increase of CSD of lumo on the anomeric carbon c of the EDC are caused by protonation at the glycosidic oxygen from the protonated carboxyl group of the enzyme this causes acceleration of the hydrolysis of a substrate by the enzyme | MEDAL |
a yearold man suffered contralateral hearing disturbance one day after acoustic neuroma surgery hearing CF gradually recovered after steroid and hyperbaric therapy CL hearing disturbance after acoustic neuroma surgery is an extremely rare complication that can also occur after other PF surgery the mechanism of this rare phenomenon remains unclear but the patent cochlear aqueduct may be involved | MEDAL |
we report on a yearold boy with moderate mental retardation horseshoe kidneys tricuspid valve prolapse and a characteristic face with broad nasal root prominent ears and a cleft palate these manifestations suggested the diagnosis of the eastmanbixler syndrome our patient also had an isolated growth hormone deficiency which responded successfully to treatment | MEDAL |
the plasma half life of tetracycline hydrochloride was determined in groups of wellnourished and UN subjects employing two dosage schedules and two routes of administration namely oral and parenteral protein binding of the drug was estimated and relative volume CSD was calculated the results indicated that in UN subjects the half life of tetracycline hydrochloride protein IB and relative volume CSD were all significantly low as compared to WN subjects the Ke was considerably higher in the UN CG which accounted for the shorter half life these data suggest that to maintain adequate SS concentrations of the drug in undernourished subjects tetracycline needs to be given at more frequent intervals | MEDAL |
to investigate the changes in length of the SL interosseous ligament slil when the wrist is resisting horizontal lateral load and the forearm is in full pronation in vivo | MEDAL |
adult rats that were treated with intracerebral VVI injection of hydroxydopamine ohda as neonates exhibit a profound loss of nigrostriatal dopamine innervation in addition to a variety of other neurochemical and anatomical changes including alterations in the number of neostriatal d and d receptor binding CS in the present study the turnover of neostriatal dopamine d and d receptors was measured in rats previously treated with ohda or ascorbic acid VH as neonates at various time intervals after peripheral nethoxycarbonylethoxy dihydroquinoline eedq mgkg administration dopamine receptors were labelled with hsch d and hraclopride d while the degree of dopamine denervation was assessed by the measurement of neostriatal dopamine homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid content two days after acute eedq treatment the maximal binding capacity bmax of hsch and hraclopride IB was significantly decreased to and of control values respectively without any significant alteration in their equilibrium dissociation constants kd a timedependent increase in the density of hsch and hraclopride IB was observed in both treatment groups following a single dose of eedq the rate of recovery of d receptors was significantly slower in the ohdalesioned animals as compared to controls with a halflife of co the igg binding site and may be the protein responsible for complement activation in myelin this direct interaction between a myelinspecific protein and clq has significant implications for cns inflammation and could be particularly important in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis | MEDAL |
a nglycine tracer technique was used to T0 protein turnover in four russian cosmonauts and two us astronauts who had spent long time aboard the russian orbital station mir as was shown in space flight protein synthesis falls by on the average which substantially exceeds estimations made on the basis of data about bedrested husystem acts primarily as a ST regulator adjusting arterial pressure to acute challenges eg standing running and AS however in several animal models and in subsets of hypertensive human patients the NS seems to play a more significant role in the chronic elevation of arterial pressure many clinical studies suggest that the IP sympathetic nerves are intimately involved in hypertension and researchers recently characterized CA in the brain that seem to predispose animal models to sympathetic nervous system overactivity and hypertension together the current data strongly suggest that the BB via the sympathetic NS directly contributes to some forms of hypertension and indirectly contributes to all of them this review is not intended as an exhaustive examination of all studies on the role of the NS in hypertension but rather focuses on several intriguing experiments that provide provocative new insights on this topic | MEDAL |
this paper is dedicated to the description of superheating as a method for antigen retrieval in our investigation this antigen retrieval method was used on thermal plate heating tissue sections at temperature ° c for minutes in the research we conducted the superheating method was applied to formalinfixed PET sections of breast tumors the following monoclonal antibodies were used estrogen receptor Rp EMA cd and ki with these tested antibodies we had good staining and no loss of tissue sections during the staining process | MEDAL |
allograft AAR is still a main cause of graft failure in highrisk keratoplasty TN factorrelated apoptosisinducing ligand trail can selectively induce apoptosis of RT cells without significant toxicity and inhibit autoimmune disease therefore we attempted to determine the roles of trail in graft survival | MEDAL |
left VVI lv mass as estimated from mmode echocardiography echo has previously been shown to be an independent predictor of incident cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality we evaluated the relationship at baseline of echo lv mass to relevant cardiovascular disease risk factors and other potential covariates in the cardiovascular health study multicenter T0 sponsored by the national heart lung and blood institute of men and women aged years or older mean twodimensionally directed mmode echo lv mass measurements could be obtained in men and women of this elderly cohort stepwise LR analyses of the relationship of echo lv mass to demographic and risk factor PCS activity electrocardiographic and prevalent disease variables resulted in a MM that explained of the variance for the entire cohort in order of decreasing importance factors positively associated with echo lv mass were body weight male sex SP presence of CHF present smoking L1 and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities treatment for hypertension VHD AR by CD and mitral regurgitation by CD in men whereas Pd bioresistance a measure of adiposity and highdensity VLDL were inversely related to echo lv mass although height and weight were both related to lv mass height added nothing once weight was entered in multiple linear regression analyses furthermore in the multiple regression models diastolic pressure was inversely and systolic bp positively related to lv mass with similar magnitudes for their coefficients in consonance with these findings pulse pressure was positively related to lv mass in bivariate analyses multiple LR analyses explained less of the variance for ventricular ST r and lv PWT r than for lv mass r and lv diastolic dimension r intriguing findings in the elderly cardiovascular AHS cohort included the presence of PP as a positive correlate and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol as an inverse correlate of lv mass longitudinal studies in the cardiovascular health study cohort will help to clarify the importance of demographic risk factor and other variables and changes in these variables in predicting changes in echo lv mass and its components as well as the prognostic significance of lv mass in the elderly | MEDAL |
pyrrhalta viburni paykull a new landscape pest in the united states feeds in both the larval and adult stages on foliage of plants in the genus viburnum the insect is univoltine with larvae active in spring and adults throughout the summer months experiments were conducted to determine the depth of pupation in the soil the impact of substrate texture moisture content and temperature on pupation success and ability of entomopathogenic nematodes to kill larvae when they enter the ATP to pupate larvae burrowed only a short distance into the ATP when pupating were found within the top cm of a column of soil or sand and soil mixture in the laboratory larval mortality before pupation was low at degrees c but considerably higher at degrees c at both temperatures pupation success was lowest on a mixed substrate and higher and equivalent on sand or soil CT survivorship to adult was influenced by both temperature and ATP moisture content at degrees c percent of pupating larvae emerged as adults at moisture content compared with only at moisture content emergence of adults was negligible at degrees c regardless of moisture content heterorhabditis bacteriophora and steinernema carpocapsae were very effective biocontrol agents in laboratory bioassays reducing AD emergence by with nematode applications made before pupation being more effective than those made after pupation and h bacteriophora consistently but not significantly more effective than s carpocapsae management methods that take advantage of pupation behaviors are discussed | MEDAL |
the local environment at adenosine residues in the bi group i intron rna was monitored as a function of mg using both the traditional method of dimethyl sulfate dms n methylation and a new approach selective acylation of amine substituted nucleotides these probes yield cDNA structural information because n methylation reports accessibility at the base pairing face whereas amine acylation scores overall residue flexibility amine acylation robustly detects rna AA structure and is sensitive to higher order interactions not monitored by dms disruption of rna structure due to the amine substitution is rare and can be compensated by stabilizing folding conditions IP helices that do not interact with other parts of the rna are more stable than both base paired helices and tertiary interactions in the conserved catalytic core the equilibrium state of the bi intron rna prior to assembly with its protein cofactor thus features a relatively loosely packed core anchored by more stable external SL structures adenosine residues in j and p form structures in which the nucleotide is constrained but the n position is accessible consistent with preorganization to form longrange interactions with the and splice sites | MEDAL |
massbalanced hh isotope dipeptide tags mbits are presented for simultaneous protein quantitation and ID mbit is derived from nacetylalaala dipeptide and conjugated to primary amines of target peptides hh isotopes are encoded in the methyl CG of nacetylated dipeptide one tag deuterated on the nacetyl group and another on the cterminal alanine mbitlinked MMP comigrate in reversedphase liquid chromatography without significant hh isotope effects and provide plex quantitation signals at and th as well as peptide sequence information upon msms analysis with maldi toftof mbit shows good quantitation linearity in a concentration range of fmol the performance of mbit on protein quantitation and ID is further tested with yeast heatshock protein hspp obtained from three different physiological states mbit using nanogramscale samples produces the relative abundance ratios comparable to those obtained from optical imaging of microgramscale samples visualized with sypro ruby stain the mbit strategy is a simple and lowcost alternative for plex quantitation of proteins and offers possibilities of tuning the plex signal mass window by replacing the NT alanine with other CAA residues | MEDAL |
w a calmodulin antagonist has been reported to increase cytosolic free calcium concentration cai in non stimulated rat insulinoma cells rinmf and this effect was not due to enhanced calcium uptake in the present T0 the effect of calmodulin antagonist w on the IP3 turnover of rinmf cells was studied inositol phosphates were separated using a new modified technique of anionexchange high performance liquid chromatography hplc it was observed that w significantly increased inositol trisphosphate and inositol bisphosphate within and sec respectively no changes of inositol phosphates were detected employing w a chlorinedeficient analogue of w without calmodulin antagonistic action our data are in favour of the view that i calmodulin may be involved in IP3 metabolism of rinmf cells and that ii the increase of cai in response to w as reported previously may be due to elevation of Ins trisphosphate | MEDAL |
our previous studies revealed that iptakalim a novel atpsensitive PCO has a significant neuroprotective function against ischemia in vivo or rotenoneinduced neurotoxicity in vitro to investigate the potential pharmaceutical benefit of atpsensitive potassium channel openers on neurodegenerative diseases we studied the effects of iptakalim and DZ a selective mitochondrial atpsensitive potassium KCO on the rotenoneinduced NS degeneration in rats iptakalim mgkgday orally or diazoxide mgkgday orally alone was administered to rats for days and then for weeks was used daily with an i.t. of rotenone mgkgday subcutaneously hr later each time the results showed that rotenoneinfused rats exhibited parkinsonian symptoms and had dopamine depletion in the striatum and substantia nigra i.c.v. with iptakalim or diazoxide prevented rotenoneinduced catalepsy and the reduction of striatum dopamine contents moreovr antiviral drug design our understanding of S1 interface interactions has been limited by the lack of virusbased approaches for studying the heterodimer therefore we developed a novel subunitspecific mutagenesis approach that enables precise molecular analysis of the heterodimer in the context of infectious hiv particles here we analyzed the contributions of amino acid residues comprising the trpmotif to rt subunit interaction and CF our results reveal important inter and intrasubunit interactions of residues in the trpmotif a tryptophan cluster in p w w w w proximal to the interface was found to be important for pp interaction and stability at the dimer interface residues w y and n in p and w in p mediate intersubunit interactions the w residue is critical for rt dimerization exerting distinct effects in p and p our analysis of the rt heterodimerization enhancing nonnucleoside rt inhibitor nnrti efavirenz indicates that the effects of drugs on rt dimer stability can be examined in human cells thus we provide the first description of subunitspecific molecular interactions that affect rt heterodimer function and virus infection in vivo moreover with heightened interest in novel rt inhibitors that affect dimerization we demonstrate the ability to assess the effects of rt inhibitors on subunit interactions in a physiologically relevant context | MEDAL |
SE to a variety of stressful events during the last week of pregnancy in rats interferes with the correct progeny development which in turn leads to delays in motor development impaired adaptation to stressful conditions altered sexual behaviour learning deficits neuronal development and brain morphology many of these alterations have been attributed to changes in dopamine da neurotransmission and occur primarily in the mesolimbic system we found that PS offspring showed higher levels of cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase th in the VTA vta and that these cells were more susceptible to a neurochemical insult with hydroxyda ohda in adulthood moreover PS rats presented differences in terms of the number and asymmetry of neuronal nitric oxide synthaseexpressing cells in the vta and nucleus accumbens respectively similar to the results described for thexpressing cells the nitrergic systems were differentially regulated T3 ohda lesion in control and prenatally stressed rats these results indicated that PS affects the dopaminergic and nitrergic systems in the mesolimbic pathway in addition we propose that the mesolimbic areas are more susceptible than the motor areas to a neurochemical insult during adult life | MEDAL |
traumatic neuromas are rare entities which characteristically arise subsequently to surgery and are usually accompanied by pain typically neuralgic we present an unusual case of an intraosseous traumatic neuroma of the VPI AM nerve following tooth extraction a yearold man consulted for paresthesias and hyperesthesia in the left mandibular region following SE of the left mandibular third molar the panoramic radiograph revealed a radiolucent lesion in the inferior alveolar nerve canal and ct demonstrated the existence of a mass within the canal producing widening of the same nervesparing excisional biopsy was performed histopathology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with traumatic neuroma of the left inferior alveolar nerve T3 years of followup the patient is asymptomatic and there are no signs of recurrence | MEDAL |
some statistical properties of samples of dna sequences are studied under an infinitesite neutral model with recombination the two quantities of interest are r the number of recombination events in the history of a sample of sequences and rm the number of recombination events that can be parsimoniously inferred from a sample of sequences formulas are derived for the mean and variance of r in contrast to r rm can be determinnduce squamous cell carcinoma scc enzyme activities in irradiated tumorbearing skin were compared to those present in the skin of nonirradiated control animals as well as in unirradiated nontumor bearing skin sites of the sccbearing mice the inducibility of skin ahh and ecd in each set of animals was assessed following a single topical application of coal tar ml g enzymemediated IB of hbenzoapyrene bp and its metabolite beta alphadihydroxy alpha alphaepoxytetrahydrobenzoapyrene bpdei to epidermal dna was also evaluated basal ahh and ecd MICs in microsomes from uvbirradiated sccbearing dorsal skin were and fold lower than those in dorsal skin of nonirradiated control animals enzyme activities in nontumor bearing ventral skin from the uvbirradiated sccbearing mice also were to fold lower as compared to activities in the nonirradiated control animals the reduction in ahh activity paralleled the levels of enzymemediated binding of radiolabeled bp metabolites and of bpdei to epidermal dna gst activity was found to be increased in nontumor bearing ventral skin of uvbirradiated mice whereas no difference in activity between sccbearing dorsal skin and dorsal skin of control animals could be detected eh activity was unchanged in each group of animals treatment with topically applied coal tar resulted in higher inducibility of ahh and ecd in both sccbearing fold as well as in nontumor skin sites fold of uvbirradiated mice than in skin of control animals fold coal tar application also increased the covalent binding of hbp and of the metabolite bpdei to skin dna this was greater in sccbearing dorsal skin than in nonirradiated skin of control animals our studies suggest that the metabolism of bp by cutaneous cytochrome p dependent monooxygenases is impaired in skin of mice irradiated chronically with uvb the higher inducibility of these monooxygenases by topically applied coal tar and the enhancement of the associated enzymemediated covalent binding of bp metabolites and bpdei to epidermal dna indicate that repetitive SE of rat skin to uvb radiation can profoundly alter the activity and the inducibility of drug and carcinogen metabolizing enzymesabstract truncated at words | MEDAL |
a total of haemophili isolated pigs throughout australia were characterised by phenotypic properties most were identified as actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates or haemophilus parasuis isolates the remaining isolates were identified as haemophilus taxon minor group isolates and haemophilus taxon d two isolates all a pleuropneumoniae isolates were serotyped by slide agglutination andor gel diffusion using rb antisera against all recognised serovars of these only could be assigned to a single serovar as follows serovar isolates serovar isolates serovar isolates serovar isolates serovar isolates serovar isolates and serovar isolates of the remaining isolates gave crossreactions with serovars and one crossreacted with serovars and one crossreacted with serovars and whereas gave no reaction with any of the antisera | MEDAL |
personality deviations and deficits in cognitive executive CF are common among forensic populations the present study on incarcerated offenders explored whether there are links between the two domains personality was assessed using the TCI tci neuropsychological performance including visual WM attentional setshifting and planning were tested with the cambridge NP test automated battery cantab subjects with PDs scored high on harm avoidance and low on selfdirectedness and cooperativeness personality disordered offenders did not differ from the comparison CG offenders without personality disorder and noncriminal controls with regard to cantab measures of visual WM delayed matching to sample SWM and planning stockings of cambridge but they made a larger number of PE on the attentional setshifting task dimensional analysis of the personality and neuropsychological variables revealed significant associations between selfdirectedness and cooperativeness on the one hand and attentional setshifting on the other intellectually disabled noncriminal individuals marginal mental retardation who performed poorly on attentional setshifting also scored low on SD and cooperativeness the results indicate that poor development of certain personality traits may be associated with deficits in NP SF-36 | MEDAL |
tetrahydrobiopterin bh deficiencies are disorders affecting phenylalanine metabolism in CL and neurotransmitters biosynthesis in brain bh is the essential cofactor in the enzymatic hydroxylation of aromatic amino acids phenylalanine tyrosine and tryptophan bh is synthesized from guanosine triphosphate gtp catalyzed by gtp cyclohydrolase i gtpch pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase and sepiapterin reductase spr and in aromatic amino acids hydoxylating system is regenerated by pterinacarbinolamine dehydratase pcd and dihydropteridine reductase dhpr to date enzyme deficiencies gtpch ptps dhpr pcd have been reported and they all follow an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance the incidence of bh deficiency is at in except that in taiwanese much higher than in japanese and caucasians bh deficiency has been diagnosed in patients with HPA hpa by neonatal massscreening based on bh oral loading tests analysis of urinary or SS pteridines and measurement of dihydropterindine reductase dhpr activity in blood from a guthrie card bh deficiency without treatment causes combined PS of hpa and neurotransmitter dopamine norepinephrine epinephrine and serotonin deficiency such as red hair psychomotor retardation and progressive neurological deterioration treatment of bh deficiencies consists of bh supplementation mgkg per day or diet to control blood phenylalanine concentration and replacement therapy with neurotransmitters precausers ldopacarbidopa and hydroxytryptophan and supplements of folinic acid in dhpr deficiency | MEDAL |
perfluorocarbon NPs consisting essentially of liquid perfluorooctyl bromide pfob core surrounded by a lipid monolayer can serve as highly specific sitetargeted contrast and therapeutic agents T3 binding to cellular biomarkers based on previous findings that ultrasound applied at mhz and mechanical index mi for a min duration dramatically enhances the cellular interaction of targeted pfob nanoparticles with melanoma cells in vitro without inducing apoptosis or other harmful effects to cells that are targeted we sought to define mechanisms of interaction and the safety profile of ultrasound used in conjunction with liquid perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery as compared with conventional microbubble UCA under MZ insonification conditions cellculture inserts were used to grow a confluent ML of human UV endothelial cells definity in conjunction with continuous wave ultrasound mhz for and min increased the permeability of monolayer by four to six times above the normal decreased transendothelial electrical resistance a sign of reduced membrane integrity and decreased cell viability by approximately histological evaluation demonstrated extensive disruptions of cell monolayers nanoparticles both nontargeted and targeted elicited no changes in these different measures under similar insonification conditions and did not disrupt cell monolayers we hypothesize that ultrasound facilitates drug transport from the perfluorocarbon nanoparticles not by cavitationinduced effects on CM but rather by direct interaction with the nanoparticles that stimulate lipid exchange and drug delivery | MEDAL |
we found that a novel protease inhibitor benzyloxycarbonylaspchocodichlorobenzene zaspchdcb which can preferentially inhibit interleukin betaconverting enzyme ice CR blocked the apoptotic cell death of human ML u cells caused by etoposide camptothecin betadarabinofuranosylcytosine and adriamycin as well as TNF antifas antibody and staurosporine however zaspchdcb did not block nonapoptotic cell death of u cells caused by etoposide during prolonged incubation periods these results indicate that ice or icelike PRs inhibited by zaspchdcb are involved in a common pathway of AI cell death in u cells | MEDAL |
immunocytochemistry with an AS raised against serotonin was used to provide detailed description of the serotonin htcontaining cell HB and SF in the cns of the Hh erinaceus europeaus the distribution of the htpositive cells and the pattern of ht innervation resembled those described in other rat species but several differences were also noticed the nine b groups of dahlstrom and fuxe were observed except for the b group which was not detected in the hedgehog neuronlike immunoreactive cells were also observed in BB regions located outside the brainstem reticular formation among the latter the OT and the TH have not been described to contain ht cell HB in other mammals the number and the lateralization of htpositive SN in areas outside the midline raphe were more limited than those described in the rodents and much more limited than in the carnivores and the primates htpositive axons were unevenly distributed throughout the hedgehogs cns from all neocortical areas which displayed the highest innervation density in the SL i somatosensory and visual areas were the most heavily and lightly innervated ones respectively other regions of the forebrain exhibiting dense serotoninergic innervation were olfactory cortex olfactory tubercle subiculum lateral septal nucleus stratum medial and basal amygdaloid nuclei dense serotoninergic innervation were also found to receive the following brainstem structures lateral hypothalamic area dorsal part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus arcuate nucleus ME habenular nuclei CM thalamic nucleus ventral tegmental area medial part of the substantia nigra interpeduncular nucleus LC cuneiform nucleus motor nucleus of the TG nerve facial nucleus parabrachial nucleus PH nucleus medial subnucleus of the nucleus of the solitary tract HG nucleus DMN of the vagus in the spinal cord laminae ix and x received the heaviest innervation | MEDAL |
male guinea pigs were exposed to nitrogen dioxide mgm during days hours a day LT SE induced thickening of the corneal SL of the epidermis as well as inflammatory infiltrations in the proper skin the following enzymes were estimated histochemically in skin samples of experimental and control animals succinic dehydrogenase nadhtetrazolium reductase lactate dehydrogenase alkaline phosphatase acid phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase chronic exposrue stimulated a decrease of nadhtetrazolium reductase in the epidermis and connective tissue components of proper skin and marked positive reaction of lactate dehydrogenase in epidermal cells and hair follicles increase of a diffuse reaction on adenosine triphosphatase in smooth muscles of the skin was found also in exposed animals | MEDAL |
infertility is common among couples about one third of cases are the result of solely male AF and rarely CA of genetic karyotypes are the root cause individuals with a xxy mosaiscism are rare in the literature and very few have fertile potential we discuss a case of a yearold male with known MGD split mosaiscism of xxy presenting for evaluation of year history of infertility he demonstrated low volume nonobstructive azoospermia upon testicular biopsy spermatozoa were extracted these sperm were subjected to aneuploidy studies demonstrating euploidy the sperm were further assessed and placed in cryopreservation T3 being deemed sufficient for potential intracytoplasmic sperm injection this is a unique case of viable sperm in a man with MGD xxy mosaiscism | MEDAL |
piperonyl butoxide was administered to male mice from to weeks of age in the diet at C2 of control and and some behavioural parameters were measured the animals performed three trials in multiple water tmaze at weeks of age and the number of errors was significantly decreased in treatment CG on the rd trial while there was no biologically significant effect of piperonyl butoxide on maze learning the MA of the exploratory behaviour was measured by animate at at and weeks of age at weeks of age some parameters were increased in the group while there was no consistent compound or doserelated effect at weeks of age some parameters were different in treatment CG and there were biologically consistent significant effects ie number of movements movement time total distance average speed and number of turnings increased from these results piperonyl butoxide showed adverse effects on the motor activity of the exploratory behaviour in male mice | MEDAL |
under standardized conditions simultaneous urethrocystometry and recording of urethral pressure profile were performed in healthy volunteers and patients suffering from urge incontinence in the normal subjects desire to void occurred at a bladder volume of about cm at maximum bladder capacity approximately cm variations in IUP were recorded at a time when the intravesical pressure remained stable immediately before voiding there was a marked reduction in intraurethral pressure and then the IVP increased in of the patients with symptoms of urge incontinence the findings did not wever histologically abnormal rb ileum responded to inoculation of purified cholera toxin with stimulation of intestinal water secretion and adenylate cyclase activity similar to that in histologically normal ileum these data have implications concerning the design of experiments that attempt to study the pathogenesis of diarrheal diseases by correlating changes in ileal transport with changes in ileal mucosal adenylate cyclase activity in spite of abnormal ileal histology studies of intestinal secretory states which attempt to define the role of adenylate cyclase in sec processes can be performed provided animals are used as their own controls however when groups of animals are compared the presence of an histologically abnormal ileum can cause changes in basal and intestinal secretagoguestimulated ileal water and electrolyte transport and in basal and intestinal secretagoguestimulated mucosal adenylate cyclase activity which can lead to erroneous conclusions if the presence of the abnormal ileal histology is not considered | MEDAL |
communityacquired pneumonia cap is a L1 cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients therefore efforts to optimize the healthcare process for patients with cap are warranted an organized RPA to management is likely to improve clinical results assessing the severity of cap is crucial to predicting outcome deciding the site of care and selecting AGA empirical therapy unfortunately current prognostic scoring systems for cap such as curb confusion uraemia respiratory rate low blood pressure and years of age or the PSI have not been validated specifically in older adults in whom assessment of mortality risk CT might not be adequate for predicting outcomes obtaining a microbial diagnosis remains problematic and may be particularly challenging in frail elderly persons who may have greater difficulties producing sputum effective empirical treatment involves selection of a regimen with a spectrum of activity that includes the causative pathogen although most cases of cap are probably caused by a single pathogen dual and multiple infections are increasingly being reported streptococcus pneumoniae remains the overriding aetiological agent particularly in very elderly people however respiratory viruses and atypical organisms such as CT pneumoniae are being described with increasing frequency in old patients and aspiration pneumonia should also be taken into consideration particularly in very elderly subjects and those with PSD age years is a well established risk factor for infection with DR s pneumoniae clinicians should be aware of additional risk factors for acquiring less common pathogens or antibacterialresistant organisms that may suggest that additions or modifications to the basic empirical regimen are warranted in addition to administration of antibacterials AGA ST covering management of severe sepsis and septic shock respiratory failure as well as management of any decompensated underlying disease may be critical to improving outcomes in elderly patients with cap immunization with pneumococcal and influenza vaccines has also been demonstrated to be beneficial in numerous large studies there is good evidence that implementation of guidelines leads to improvement in clinical outcomes in elderly patients with cap including a reduction in mortality protocols should address a comprehensive set of elements in the process of care and should periodically be evaluated to measure their effects on clinically relevant outcomes assessment of functional clinical outcome variables in addition to survival is strongly recommended for this population | MEDAL |
repetitive nerve stimulation and ET are useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected disorders of the nmj and muscle membrane excitability when performed with close attention to technical factors they can be very helpful in the diagnosis of MG lamberteaton myasthenic syndrome and botulism as well as rare disorders of skeletal muscle membrane excitability including paramyotonia congenita myotonia congenita myotonic dystrophy and the periodic paralyses | MEDAL |
the angioarchitecture of the guinea pig cochlea has been investigated closely using LM and resin injections however detailed information concerning the vasculature of the modiolus is still unavailable and even the existence of A-V drainage through the IAM is not agreed upon in the present investigation V1 casts of guinea pig temporal bones were studied using SEM microscopy a vessel formed by the confluence of the V1 network on the modiolar wall and having a spiral course into the internal auditory meatus was found in the modiolus of the basal turn the vessel had a venous pattern on its cast surface and T3 existing from the internal AEP meatus drained finally into the dural sinus these SEM microscopic findings were confirmable by serial sections of the dural veins in the internal auditory meatus and the modiolus the vessel found may correspond to the socalled internal AEP vein but it would be more AGA to call it the vein of the internal auditory meatus since it appears to be an independent route of venous drainage from the modiolus | MEDAL |
only of all patients INF with helicobacter pylori develop peptic ulcer disease pud or GC apart from immunological AF in the host virulence determinants of h pylori such as the vacuolating cytotoxin vaca or the cytotoxinassociated protein a caga might represent a predisposition for the OD of pud | MEDAL |
thyroid hormones may regulate prolactin gene transcription we have previously found that phenytoin inhibits triiodothyronine t nuclear binding and have suggested that phenytoin may act as a partial t agonist we have therefore investigated the effects of phenytoin and t on prolactin release and gene transcription using the technique of cytoplasmic dot hybridization with complementary dna probes to estimate prolactin messenger m rna concentrations in cytoplasm from cultured rat pituitary cells triiodothyronine treatment led to a small but significant fall in prolactin PR by h but caused markeducose values with this RPA many patients who have been educated and motivated in diabetes management attain meticulous control | MEDAL |
liquiritigenin dihydroxyflavone the primary active component of a traditional chinese medicine glycyrrhizae radix has a wide range of pharmacological activities six oxidative metabolites of liquiritigenin trihydroxyflavone a hydroxyl quinine metabolite two aring dihydroxymetabolites dihydroxyflavone and hydroxychromone have been detected in rat liver microsomes rlms and one cypacatalyzed metabolite dihydroxyflavone has been identified in human CL microsomes hlms recently in this T0 a novel monohydroxylated metabolite was detected in reaction catalyzed by hlms and was identified as trihydroxyflavanone by comparing the tandem mass spectra and the chromatographic retention time with that of the standard compound significant difference in clint fold was found between these two oxidative pathways of liquiritigenin and chydroxylation pathway was identified as the major oxidative metabolism of liquiritigenin the study with chemical selective inhibitor cdnaexpressed human rf in each segment revealed a high identity to several proteins encoded by reoviruses from different genera including oryzavirus cypovirus and dinovernavirus alignments of the polymerase the most conserved protein among reoviruses revealed a aa identity between rplv and rice Ra stunt virus rrsv the type member of the genus oryzavirus indicating that these two viruses are closely related phylogenetic analyses showed that rplv clusters with members of the genera oryzavirus cypovirus dinovernavirus and fijivirus these genera belong to the subfamily spinareovirinae which includes reoviruses with spiked core particles turreted reoviruses in addition two nucleotide binding motifs regarded as signature sequences among turreted reoviruses were also found in rplv p suggesting that rplv is a novel dicotinfecting reovirus in the subfamily spinareovirinae | MEDAL |
growth in the number of AS patients on the kidney SPK WL has slowed projections based on the most recent year data suggest the total waiting list will grow at a rate of registrations per year whereas the AS WL will increase at less than onesixth that rate or registrations per year the last years have seen a small trend toward improved unadjusted allograft survival for living and deceased donor kidneys since the overall number of pancreas transplants has declined among pancreas recipients those with simultaneous kidneypancreas transplants experienced the highest pancreas graft survival rates in response to the ongoing shortage of deceased donor organs the us health resources and services administration launched the organ donation breakthrough collaborative in september and the organ transplantation breakthrough collaborative otbc in october the dsa challenge is prominent among the goals adopted by the otbc its premise were each of the existing donation service Az to increase the number of Tx performed within their boundaries by per month an additional transplants over current annual C2 would result such an increase could potentially eliminate the national kidney transplantation waiting list by | MEDAL |
the management of pediatric patients with coronary artery fistula caf remains controversial because the clinical course of caf may vary greatly from spontaneous closure to severe complications the purpose of our study was to report the outcome of caf in pediatric patients by using echocardiography as an DUE tool between january and july patients age range months to years mean years with coronary angiographically proven caf were recruited we divided patients into two groups group n included patients with symptoms related to caf n persistent coronary artery dilatation for t years ago that a dramatic increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration cai occurs at fertilization and that this increase acts as the pivotal signal for egg activation later the ca signal at fertilization turned out to be ubiquitous among animal species extensive advance has been brought during these years in research on spatiotemporal aspects and signaling mechanisms of the cai increase sperm factors that induce the ca response and cell cycle resumption caused by the cai rise i provide a historical account of these advances in mammals sea urchins and a few other models | MEDAL |
a yearold man referred to our hospital with the chief complaints of anorexia GA malaise rash and weight loss laboratory examination revealed pancytopenia hyperglobulinemia generalized adenopathy and multiple pulmonary nodules videoassisted thoracic surgery vats was performed to diagnose pulmonary nodules T3 operation it was difficult to achieve hemostasis for a while finally the patient was diagnosed as pulmonary cryptococcosis and evans syndrome | MEDAL |
in the heart endogenous adenosine attenuates the betaadrenergicelicited increase in contractile performance via activation of adenosine a receptors it has been recently reported that this function of adenosine becomes more pronounced with myocardial maturation the purpose of the present T0 was to determine whether mature NF possess a greater sensitivity than immature hearts to this antiadrenergic effect of adenosine isolated perfused NF or atria from immature ca days and mature ca days rats were stimulated with isoproterenol iso a betaadrenergic agonist at m and concomitantly exposed to increasing concentrations of chloroncyclopentyladenosine ccpa a highly selective and potent adenosine areceptor agonist from to m ccpa at m dose dependently reduced the isoelicited contractile response more in immature than in mature NF or atria at m ccpa reduced the isoelicited contractile response by in immature hearts and by in mature hearts these effects of ccpa were att by the adenosine areceptor antagonist cyclopentyldipropylxanthine at m in additional experiments ccpa exhibited similar effectiveness in reducing the spontaneous heart rate of immature and mature hearts an effect also mediated by activation of adenosine a receptors similar to ccpa the adenosine areceptor agonist rnphenylisopropyladenosine reduced the isoelicited contractile response more in immature than in mature hearts albeit with less effectiveness than ccpa in PA with these results ccpa reduced isoelicited adenylyl cyclase activity more in immature than in mature hearts overall in contrast with our original hypothesis these results indicate that immature hearts display greater sensitivity than mature hearts to the antiadrenergic effect of adenosine areceptor activation | MEDAL |
the CR and noncoding regions of two att south american footandmouth disease virus fmdv vaccine strains ocoe and croe and their corresponding virulent parental strains o campos and c resende have been cloned from PCR reactionamplified primary cdna differences observed in the derived nucleotide sequences between attenuated and virulent viruses seem not to affect regulatory signal structures supporting the theory that genetic variations primarily in the halves of the viral genomes contribute to the attenuation phenotype of the vaccine strains in addition this is the first report on the CR CS of the untranslated region of a ctype aphthovirus approximately of the nucleotides differ from the corresponding known sequences of serotypes a or o | MEDAL |
a microdeletion of chromosome q is found in most patients with velocardiofacial syndrome digeorge syndrome and conotruncal anomaly face syndrome and in some patients with cayler cardiofacial and AD opitzgbbb syndromes a wide spectrum of clinical findings accompanies the q deletion without genotype or phenotype correlation even among affected family members classic features are dysmorphic facies conotruncal cardiac defects hypocalcemic HP tcell mediated immune deficiency and palate abnormalities less well recognized are learning speech FF and psychiatric disorders and renal and musculoskeletal defects parathyroid and immune deficiencies in the same individual can progress or resolve with time the q deletion can be inherited as an AD or arise as a de novo deletion or translocation fluorescent in situ hybridization using cosmid probes mapping to the digeorge chromosomal region is a widely available method to detect the q deletion in metaphase chromosomes from cultured lymphocytes amniocytes or chorionic villi the ubiquitinfusiondegradationlike gene expressed in embryonic branchial arches and in the conotruncus appears to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of the q deletion syndrome | MEDAL |
the retina and nucleus isthmi both project in laminar fashion to the superficial layers of the frogs tectum in order to determine whether isthmotectal axons show collateral sprouting T3 retinotectal input is removed we injected h proline into the nucleus isthmi and measured the volume of the crossed isthmotectal projection we found no evidence of collateral sprouting | MEDAL |
periodontal diseases are the complex disease with a dynamic relationship between biofilm and the host immunoinflammatory response the goal of periodontal therapy is to preserve the NK dentition and increase their longevity by creation of a favorable environment around the teeth the mainstay to achieve this is by the nonsurgical periodontal therapy followed by surgical and other recent treatment modalities however there seems no sure indication to choose amongst them that are clinically significant and offer long term predictability we report here two cases that had supracrestal defects and were treated with less invasive instrumentation and repeated full mouth scaling and root planing this avoided a surgical MI and was more costeffective in treating moderate to severe young CP patients the decision for the type of treatment needs to be critically assessed with a better understanding of the outcome morphology of the defects and type of teeth involved fundamentals like positive reinforcements compliance and selfperformed plaque control will always remain an integral component regardless of nonsurgical or surgical periodontal therapy | MEDAL |
the mortality of acute superior MES artery occlusion and mesenteric infarction remains high in part because of the failure to identify the patients with the disorder a reliable noninvasive diagnostic T0 may facilitate earlier definitive diagnosis and therapy PMR imaging may offer a noninvasive diagnostic alternative we examined this possibility by using an experimental rb MM of acute superior CMA occlusion in this study animals were scanned hour after the ischemic insult relative intestinal wall signal intensity was increased in experimental ICM animals when compared to sham operated controls on tweighted vs p less than and proton spin densityweighted images vs p less than significant increases in image intensity were found on tweighted and proton spin density images when compared to control animals differences between CG could be further highlighted after the administration of a paramagnetic UCA gadolinium diethyltriamine pentacetic acid on tweighted images the data from this preliminary T0 demonstrate that proton magnetic resonance imaging may be used to discriminate between ICM and nonischemic small intestine this noninvasive tool may someday become clinically useful to enhance our diagnostic capabilities when a diagnosis of acute superior mesenteric i.a. occlusion is being entertained | MEDAL |
we retrospectively evaluated an tau of ART rt in the intracranial HP hpc and analyzed prognostic factors influencing treatment outcomes among patients diagnosed as localized intracranial hpc between and patients received adjuvant rt after surgery with fractionated rt and with stereotactic RS using gamma knife after GTR gtr n and STR str n histopathological grade was confirmed to be grade ii n or WHO n the median followup period was months range months the local recurrence was defined as intracranial relapse within mm and regional recurrence as beyond mm from the margin of surgical bed the year overall survival os and PFS pfs were and respectively the year local regional and distant failurefree rates were and respectively local tumor control was better with gtr followed by rt than gtr CT p while there was no difference in os local RT control and os after str plus rt were equivalent to those T3 gtr alone there were no differences in distant metastasisfree survival dmfs among gtr plus rt gtr alone and str plus rt tumor volume cm | MEDAL |
infraorbital nerve blocks are performed in children undergoing cleftlip surgery and endoscopic sinus surgery the nerve exits the maxilla at the level of the infraorbital foramen a sensory block of the ION can be performed by use of an intraoral route or an extraoral route the objective of this T0 was to derive a mathematical formula to determine the position of the infraorbital foramen | MEDAL |
the contents of the thorax although less frequently injured in children than in adults remain a source of substantial potential morbidity and mortality in traumatized children disparate problems such as rib fractures lung injury hemothorax PTX mediastinal injuries and others may present in isolation or in combination with one another knowledge of the manner in which pediatric anatomy physiology and injury patterns change with age may expedite evaluating pediatric chest after trauma we present the case of a monthold toddler with blunt myocardial injury and pericardial tamponade diagnosed with surgeonperformed focused abdominal sonography for trauma fast | MEDAL |
we have earlier reported that dopamine da activity in the preoptic anterior hypothalamic poaah region of castrated rats is inhibited by testosterone and accelerated by prl these results suggested that DA SN may play an important role in male copulatory SMB particularly in the attenuation of sex SMB reported to be associated with hyperprolactinemia we have now examined the effects of severe hyperprolactinemia on the poaah da activity in association with any modifications of copulatory SMB sexually experienced AD male rats were castrated and implanted sc with silastic implants containing testosterone to maintain ST levels in the range found in intact rats hyperprolactinemia was induced by inoculation of minced mttw prl secreting PIT tumor fragments copulatory behavior was assessed at weekly intervals in hyperprolactinemic and control rats during the period of RT growth SS prl levels increased logarithmically whereas sexual activity continued to improve in control rats there was a marked decrease in several important parameters of copulatory behavior in hyperprolactinemic rats the most dramatic decrease occurred in the percentage of TB rats ejaculating which decreased progressively to zero at weeks after RT inoculation ejaculation frequency decreased and ejaculation latency increased in tumorbearing rats before the CR disappearance of ejaculatory behavior the deficits in copulatory behavior of hyperprolactinemic rats were accompanied in parallel studies by significant depletions of da concentrations in the poaah further neuronal activity as evidenced by the turnover rates measured by rate of loss of da T3 IMT hydroxylase inhibition with alphamethyl paratyrosine was markedly augmented in the poaah of hyperprolactinemic rats as compared to control animals these findings disclose a close association between the acceleration in poaah da activity and the attenuation of copulatory SMB induced by hyperprolactinemia and suggest the probability of an underlying role of the poaah da SN in male sex behavior normally induced by testosterone | MEDAL |
little is known about the ultrastructural localization of lectin IB sites in human bone marrow tissue this is probably due to the lack of suitable methods yielding both satisfactory tissue preservation and optimal labelling results for this reason we developed a modified postembedding technique for electronmicroscopic studies of the glycosylation pattern of haematopoietic cells fixation with a glutardialdehyde solution was shown to be an important prerequisite and could be even improved by postfixation with tannic acid and uranyl acetate in particular embedding with the acrylic resin unicrylr bioacryl resulted in an optimal ultrastructural preservation of bone marrow tissue employment of this hydrophilic resin in combination with a twostep labelling method which included digoxigeninconjugated concanavalin a con a followed by ultrasmall antidigoxigeningold and silver amplification delivered a highly TPS staining DP our results with this lectin in different bone marrow cells revealed nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes RER as well as granules to display CR of varying intensity these findings underline the validity of our method for they confirm and extend formerly reported histochemical and biochemical evaluations on the cellular binding sites of con a | MEDAL |
during the past two decades many pathological genetic SCV in scna the gene encoding the poreforming subunit of the cardiac monomeric sodium channel nav have been described negative dominance is a classical genetic concept involving a poison mutant peptide that negatively interferes with the coexpressed WT thus reducing its cellular CF this phenomenon has been described for genetic SCV of multimeric k channels which mechanisms are well understood unexpectedly several pathologic scna SCV that are linked to brugada syndrome also demonstrate such a dominantnegative dn effect the molecular determinants of these observations however are not yet elucidated this review article summarizes recent findings that describe the mechanisms underlying the dn phenomenon of genetic SCV of k ca cl and na channels and in particular brugada syndrome SCV of nav this article is part of a special issue entitled cardiomyocyte biology integration of developmental and environmental cues in the heart edited by marcus schaub and hughes abriel | MEDAL |
in infants with facial malformation dysphagia is frequent and can lead to respiratory and nutritional complications whatever the phenotype the aim of our T0 was to assess the severity and mechanisms of dysphagia in infants with facial malformations in order to guide therapeutic management fortytwo P0 infants with dysphagia and recognizable malformation patterns other than isolated PRS had needle electromyography emg of muscles of the face tongue and soft palate twochannel emg during bottle FF and esophageal manometry em the results were compared by clinical dysphagiagrading CG and by age at cessation of EN FF although micrognathia and cleft or higharched palate were common the key clinical finding that correlated with the likelihood of respiratory complications was glossoptosis p emg signs of denervation correlated with respiratory complications p and the duration of EF p emg during bottle feeding showed disturbed motor organization a should be targeted for vaccination and for risk reduction | MEDAL |
data shows that people with disability are more disadvantaged in accessing health education and employment opportunities compared to people without a disability there is a lack of credible documented evidence on health care access and barriers to access from india the south india disability evidence side T0 was undertaken to understand the health needs of people with disabilities and barriers to accessing health services | MEDAL |
in standing subjects an ankledorsiflexing perturbation of the supporting surface evokes a shortlatency response slr and a mediumlatency response mlr to stretch in both soleus sol and flexor digitorum brevis fdb muscles the slr is the counterpart of the MSR whilst the mlr might be either mediated by ia MF the delay being due to a longloop CE circuit or by MF of slower conduction velocity since small afferents are slowed more than large ones by low temperature a greater latency increment for the mlr than the slr induced by cooling of the limb would point to a peripheral origin of the mlr in nine subjects one limb was cooled by circulating water in a tube wrapped around it for about min perturbations were delivered to the same limb prior to and during cooling and T3 rewarming emg was recorded by surface electrodes from the sol and fdb muscles the mean increase in latency of mlrs was significantly greater than that of slrs in both muscles on average the sol slr increased from to ms and the sol mlr from to ms the fdb slr increased from to ms and the fdb mlr from to ms the mean difference mlr minus slr increased from to ms for sol and from to ms for fdb at the end of cooling after min of rewarming the responses of both muscles recovered towards control values the greater RL increment of the mlrs than of the slrs favours the hypothesis of a slower theta of the responsible afferent fibres the most likely candidate MF are the spindle group ii afferents | MEDAL |
histologically distinct lung tumor and normal cell lines were treated with a variety of potential inhibitors of cell growth such as inducers of cell differentiation inhibitors of protein kinase c and inhibitors of RT promotion the response was assessed by h thymidine incorporation and cloning efficiency both phorbol retinoate acetate and mezerein stimulated growth in lung normal cell lines human fibroblastic peh cells and rat epithelial tp cells while inhibiting growth in lung tumor cell lines human smallcell cancerderived cell L1 irscm and adenocarcinomaderived cell L1 a likewise the hydrophobic peptide melittin did not inhibit growth and cloning efficiency of normal cells at microm a concentration which prevented proliferation in tumor cells protein kinase c inhibitors chlorpromazine trifluoperazine and isoquinolinylsulfonyl methylpiperazine were much more ERP on proliferation of irscom than of a cells in contrast the latter cells were more susceptible to antipromoters such as GA an antiinflammatory agent and tetrahydroxychalcone or trimethyl hydroxydodecadiynylbenzoquinone two inhibitors of lipoxygenase a key enzyme in arachidonate metabolism our results provide evidence that smallcell carcinomaderived cells in contrast with adenocarcinomaderived cells are growthinhibited by protein kinase c inhibitors and poorly dependent on the arachidonate metabolism this difference in responsiveness suggests that different growth signalling pathways are preferentially triggered in these histologically distinct lung RT cell lines as a consequence the proper susceptibility of tumor cells to phenotype modifiers has to be taken into account in cancer therapy | MEDAL |
three mesosubstituted tetrapyridyl porphyrins free base niii and cuii were investigated for their optical limiting ol capabilities using realtime rt linearresponse lr and quadraticresponse qr timedependent density PET theory tddft methods these species are experimentally known to display a prominent reverse saturable absorption feature between the q and b bands of the groundstate absorption gsa which has been attributed to increased excitedstate absorption esa relative to gsa a recently developed rttddft based method for calculating esa from a lrtddft density was utilized with eight exchangecorrelation functionals blyp pbe blyp camblyp pbe m bhlyp and bhandh and contrasted with calculations of esa using qrtddft with five exchangecorrelation functionals blyp blyp camblyp bhlyp and bhandh this allowed for comparison between functionals with varying amounts of exact exchange as well as between the ability of rttddft and qrtddft to reproduce ol behavior in porphyrin systems the absorption peak positions and intensities for gsa and esa are significantly impacted by the choice of dft PET with the most critical factor identified as the amount of exact exchange in the functional form calculating esa with qrtddft is found to be significantly more CS to the amount of exact exchange than gsa and esa with rttddft as well as gsa with lrtddft an analogous SMB is also demonstrated for the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon coronene this is problematic when using the same approximate functional for calculation of both gsa and esa as the lr and qrtddft excitation energies will not have similar PE overall the rttddft method with hybrid functionals reproduces the ol features for the porphyrin systems studied here and is a viable computational RPA for efficient screening of molecular complexes for ol properties | MEDAL |
shiga toxin e stxeproducing strains from food n slaughtered pigs n the environment n diseased pigs n and humans n were investigated for production of stxe by ELISA CA for virulence markers by pcr and for their serotypes to evaluate their role as potential human pathogens stxe production was low in of all strains stxe production was inducible by MMC c but differed considerably between strains analysis by nucleotide sequencing and transcription of stxe genes in high and lowstxeproducing strains showed that toxin production correlated with transcription rates of stxe genes dna sequences TPS for the int q dam and s genes of the stxe bacteriophage p were found in strains indicating cryptic plike prophages although of these were not complete for all genes tested genes encoding intimin eae enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli hemolysin ehx or other stx or stx SCV were not found whereas genes for HS enterotoxins sti stii or east were present in of the strains seven L1 serotypes that were associated with diseased pigs oh oh and oh or with slaughter pigs food and the environment oh oh oh and oh accounted for of all stxe strains the human stxe isolates did not belong to these L1 serotypes of stxe strains and high production of stxe in human strains was not related to diarrheal disease the results from this T0 and other studies do not point to stxe as a pathogenicity factor for diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans | MEDAL |
the anterior medullary velum is a thin sheet of cns tissue which roofs the rostral part of the ivth ventricle and contains fascicles of myelinated fibres which in part arise from the nucleus of the ivth cranial nerve this T0 used histochemical immunohistochemical and intracellular dyeinjection techniques to describe cellular interrelationships in the velum in wholemounts and in sections rip antibodystained whole mounts provided a unique description of both oligodendrocyte units defined as an oligodendrocyte and the complement of myelinated internodal segments it forms and consecutive myelin sheaths along the same axon a broad range of unit morphologies was categorised into four arbitrary groups according to CP criteria which comprised small cells supporting the short thin myelin sheaths of small diameter axons type i through intermediate types ii iii to the largest cells forming the long thick myelin sheaths of C1 diameter axons rip antibody and ferric ionferrocyanide staining together with intracellular dye injection revealed oligodendrocyte process branching patterns and their mode of engagement of myelin sheaths NO of ranvier and the spatial disposition of the outer cytoplasmic rims of myelin sheaths the latter formed a conspicuous spiral ridge on the exterior surface of myelin sheaths which connected with the paranodal loops at each heminode C1 bundles of axons decussated through the velum the bulk of which were ivth nerve MF which constituted the ivth nerve rootlet the pnscns transitional zone of the ivth nerve was located mm along the root where astrocytic endfeet defined an abrupt margin convex towards the periphery where the heminodes of central and peripheral myelin were apposed and where the basal lamina tubes of the schwann cell units were discontinued the basal processes of ependymal cells lining the VVI wall of the velum passed between axon bundles before abutting on the basal lamina of the pia many of these processes branched and ran along the axonal bundles a ML of microglia occupied a subependymal stratum in which the nonoverlapping dendritic territories of each cell formed a regular mosaic throughout the velum without any obvious interaction with either axons or other glial cells astrocytes were also uniformly distributed their fine processes made up a dense lattice amongst axons often running parallel and within the fibre bundles stouter ones had terminal endfeet which undercoated the BL of both the glia limitans externa and the blood vessels in the velum | MEDAL |
interferonalpha treatment induces CR cytogenetic remission in of philadelphia chromosome phpositive CML-BC cml patients these remissions are durable unlike remissions induced with other therapies and yet residual leukemia is detectable in most of these patients total peripheral blood mononuclear cells pbmcs from cml patients in longterm remission following interferon treatment exhibited significantly higher proliferative responses four to fold over background than normals directed against p bcrabl in extracts of transfected monkey fibroblast cells surprisingly similar enhanced levels of specific proliferative responses were observed with extracts from cells expressing bcr andor abl proteins in contrast extracts from vector only or vmosexpressing cells had BG level responses control monkey fibroblast cells lacking bcrabl expression failed to induce proliferation over background C2 normal individuals had no significant responses to bcrabl extracts on the other hand peripheral blood MNC cells from allo-BMT cml patients had proliferative responses to CE independent of bcrabl these data indicate that patients in remission due to alphainterferon treatment have significantly higher levels of specific cellular immunoreactivity against bcrabl sequences than normal controls which could play a role in maintaining cytogenetic remission in phpositive cml patients | MEDAL |
pre and postoperative endothelial specular photomicroscopy was performed on eyes of patients who had been randomly assigned to iridotomy with the ndyag or the dye laser or to surgical peripheral iridectomy for the relief of pupil block glaucoma localised damage to the endothelium was observed in two eyes following ndyag laser iridotomy and in one eye following dye laser iridotomy no EC changes were recognised after surgical peripheral iridectomy central corneal EC cell densities remained unchanged following all procedures | MEDAL |
the objective of this T0 was to investigate mechanisms by which circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils pmns may contribute to the tolerance to HS induced by i.c.v. with lipopolysaccharides lps tolerance was developed by daily injections of sublethal doses of lps for four subsequent days while controls received saline injections during shock both CG of rats were maintained for h at mmhg MAP pressure and were then observed for survival during a h period this protocol resulted in survival in the untreated controls and survival in the tolerant group p hypotension caused an initial neutropenia in both groups the circulating pmn counts remained lower in the tolerant than in the controls rats for most of the LF period the number of circulating activated pmns in whole blood as assessed by spontaneous nitroblue tetrazolium reduction was lower in tolerant animals before and during most of the hypotensive period except immediately after one when both CG have low circulating leukocyte counts no detectable TN factor activity was observed in the plasma of either group adhesion of circulating pmns to nylon fibers in vitro and the number of pmns adhering to the EC in the mesentery in vivo was significantly lower in the tolerant rats we conclude that lps pretreatment produces a reduction in the G1 circulating pmns and in the degree of pmn adhesion to endothelium with subsequent improvement of survival T3 hemorrhagic shock | MEDAL |
to examine possible diurnal variations in US imaging of the pancreas patients were repeatedly examined during the day and also during the night no variations were seen in the imaging quality of the pancreas hence sonography of the pancreas can be effected at any time without any preparatory work whenever there is any pain or a significant sign in the upper abdomen | MEDAL |
fk has been used as the primary IS agent administered T3 a variety of organ transplants with less reported nephrotoxicity than that of cyclosporine this T0 examined in vitro cytotoxicity of fk on normal human RPTC cytotoxicity was assessed by NR inclusion and trypan blue exclusion morphology was assessed by CS and transmission electron microscopy neutral red inclusion decreased to less than of the control T3 days SE to microgramsml fk forty microgram per milliliter fk caused a decrease in NR inclusion to of the control on day with REC to on day similarly TB exclusion decreased to of the control following days SE to microgramsml fk and confluency of the monolayer was reduced to as evidenced by PC microscopy after a day exposure treated monolayers became more confluent on ultrastructural examination fktreated cells exhibited increased cytoplasmic vacuolation and lipid inclusion these data suggest that fk is reversibly and mildly toxic to monolayers of human renal proximal tubule cells and are consistent with clinical reports of reversible nephrotoxicity | MEDAL |
the avian eggshell is a natural biopolymer and mineral composite it is a very useful MM for biomimetic mineralization since it is among the fastest forming hard tissues known isolated eggshell CM which were demineralized in vitro were used to investigate the in vitro modulation of caco crystal deposition by organic matrix materials crystallization on the demineralized eggshell membrane occurred almost exclusively at the peripheries of residual calcium reserve assemblies which contain a high concentration of sulfur similar structures are observed for eggshell CM T3 NK demineralization the characteristic rhombohedral crystal morphologies of the calcite crystals grown in this in vitro system are much less regular when grown in the presence of organic matrix or partially purified dermatan sulfate proteoglycans obtained from the eggshell the effect of these macromolecules on the morphology and size of caco crystals is concentrationdependent these studies indicate the complexity of the molecular and ionic interactions involved in the initiation and formation of the eggshell with the focus on the role of the organic matrix | MEDAL |
previous studies demonstrated that both ginseng root and ginseng berry possess antidiabetic activity however a direct comparison between the root and the berry under the same exp conditions has not been conducted in the present T0 we compared antihyperglycemic effect between panax ginseng root and PG berry in obob mice which exhibit profound obesity and HG that phenotypically resemble human type diabetes we observed that obob mice had high baseline gl C2 mgdl ginseng root extract mgkg body wt and ginseng berry extract mgkg body wt significantly decreased fasting blood glucose to mgdl and mgdl on day respectively both p compared with the VH on day although fasting blood glucose level did not continue to decrease in the root group mgdl the berry group became normoglycemic mgdl p we further evaluated gl tolerance using the intraperitoneal gl tolerance test on day basal hyperglycemia was exacerbated by intraperitoneal gl load and failed to return to baseline T3 min T3 days of treatment with ginseng root extract mgkg body wt the area under the curve auc showed some decrease however after days of treatment with ginseng berry extract mgkg body wt overall gl SE improved significantly and the auc decreased p in addition we observed that body weight did not NC significantly after ginseng root extract mgkg body wt treatment but the same concentration of ginseng berry extract significantly decreased body weight p these data suggest that compared to ginseng root ginseng berry exhibits more potent antihyperglycemic activity and only ginseng berry shows marked antiobesity effects in obob mice | MEDAL |
over cases of appendicitis occur annually in the united states the mainstay of treatment is surgical removal with admission recently antibiotic therapy as an alternative has been introduced and the state of maryland has incentivized hour procedures we studied patients with appendicitis discharged from the recovery room and those with length of stay los less than hours we retrospectively reviewed all appendectomies performed from june to october by three GA surgeons we excluded cases that were converted to open appendectomies performed in the setting of another disease process and incidental appendectomies a total of laparoscopic appendectomies were included of these patients had los less than hours pathology comorbidities and readmission were recorded Ï analysis was used for determining statistical significance average los for all patients was hours with a minimum stay of hours and a maximum stay of hours for patients discharged in less than hours there was one readmission and of these patients had simple appendicitis on pathology a total of patients were discharged in less than hours from the REC room among these patients there were no readmissions and were cases of simple appendicitis p there was no significant difference in complications or readmission between patients discharged in less than hours and those who stayed longer our subgroup analysis indicated that discharge from the postanesthesia ECU after uncomplicated LA should be further evaluated | MEDAL |
to determine the effectiveness of mindfulnessbased stress reduction mbsr and mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy mbct on psychological and physical outcomes for people with V1 disease | MEDAL |
heparin affin regulatory peptide harp is an kda secreted protein that has been implicated in RT growth and angiogenesis although the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown in the present work the effect of human recombinant harp on the expression of the VE growth factor vegf receptors kdr flt and neuropilin was studied in cultured human umbilical vein EC cells huvec | MEDAL |
proteinaceous materials in the air can be highly allergenic and result in a range of immunologically mediated respiratory effects including asthma we report on the largest DUE of SE to date of airborne egg protein concentrations in an egg breaking and processing plant that had cases of occupational asthma personal air samples for egg protein were analyzed in duplicate on each ptfe filter using two analytical methods a commercial assay for nonspecific total protein and indirect competitive inhibition CA using an elisa method to quantify specific egg protein components the highest concentrations were found in the egg washing room mean exposure microgm and breaking room microgm which were also the Az where the risk of being sensitized was the greatest there was excellent quantitative PA between the airborne concentratondshaped unit cells and nine adatoms in each cell highresolution stm images reveal extra features and are in good agreement with the partial charge density CSD obtained from totalenergy calculations | MEDAL |
a radioreceptor assay for alphamsh is described which is based on cultured mouse b melanoma cells and bioactive monoiodinated nlealphamsh tracer the assay was used to T0 the binding characteristics of alphamsh to b cells to determine the relative CBA of msh MMP and to measure msh in tissue extracts the association of alphamsh to B1 reached a SD plateau T3 h at degrees c at degrees or degrees c the binding was transient and at degree c the association was very slow the hormonereceptor complex was relatively stable between degrees and degrees c whereas a dissociation was reached after min at degrees c and after min at degrees c the mean kd for alphamsh of four saturation experiments was nm and the number of receptors per cell phenanthroline had a stabilizing effect in the binding CA when used at a mm concentration from the msh MMP tested in the binding CA some showed similar potencies in three bioassays tyr melanin and anolis skin whereas others displayed considerably lower bioassay values than expected from the IB data this shows that IB and bioactivity can be dissociated in some of the msh MMP the biological activity of msh from the neurointermediate lobe of the rat PIT as measured by its binding to b cells corresponds fairly well with ria results in the anterior lobe alphamsh values are overestimated because of the large amount of acth present | MEDAL |
to elucidate the role of partial splenic embolization pse procedures longterm outcome was assessed in terms of the recurrence of thrombocytopenia | MEDAL |
the effect of nacyl derivatives of muramyl dipeptide nacetyl muramyllalanyldisoglutamine on the activation of peritoneal adherent cells pac in vivo and on the stimulation of nonspecific host resistance against escherichia coli infection was examined in comparison with the effect of ostearoyl muramyl dipeptide nacyl muramyl dipeptide derivatives increased the PR of hydrogen peroxide ho by pac from mice treated day before upon stimulation with PMA acetate and their MICs did not depend on the chain length or kinds of fatty acids introduced the results obtained using nstearoyl muramyl dipeptide analogs indicated that the acyl moiety combined to muramic acid played a more important role in the ability of pac to PR ho than did the peptide moiety pac from mice treated with nstearoyl muramyl dipeptide nhydroxydocosylhexacosanoyl muramyl dipeptide and ostearoyl muramyl dipeptide day before including to polymorphonuclear leukocytes released large amount of ho and most of the ho released was due to the attribution of polymorphonuclear WBCs the cytostatic activity of pac from mice treateduse the average immediate spin crossmatch required only minutes to be performed crossmatches were not done for patients without unexpected antibodies until blood was actually requested to be issued for transfusion during the first months this protocol was used crossmatches were performed and unnecessary crossmatches were avoided thus reducing direct costs by at least this protocol also allowed for optimal blood inventory control and minimized the outdating of units of blood to only | MEDAL |
rectal hyposensitivity rh relates to a diminished perception of rectal distension that is diagnosed during anorectal physiologic investigation there have been few direct studies of this physiologic abnormality and its contribution to the development of functional bowel disorders has been relatively neglected however it appears to be common in patients with such disorders being most prevalent in patients with PET constipation with or without fecal incontinence indeed it may be important in the etiology of PS in certain patients given that it is the only apparent identifiable abnormality on physiologic testing currently it is usually diagnosed on the basis of elevated sensory threshold volumes during balloon distension in clinical practice although such a diagnosis may be susceptible to misinterpretation in the presence of altered rectal wall proper employed | MEDAL |
the association of human tlymphotropic virus type i htlvi with autoimmune disorders was investigated on the basis of prevalence of antinuclear antibody ana rheumatoid factor and antithyroglobulin antibody as well as immunoglobulin ig serum level igg iga and igm the subjects all atomic bomb survivors were htlviseropositive people without HAM/TSP or AD tcell one and htlviseronegative persons the mean SS level of igm was higher in htlviseropositive subjects than in htlviseronegative subjects and a significant association with htlvi and sex was indicated in the igm serum level no association with htlvi was indicated in the prevalence of the autoantibodies except for ana these results suggest some clear HI differences between htlviinfected and noninfected subjects but whether htlvi infection can lead to autoimmune disorders remains uncertain | MEDAL |
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