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solutions of the polyoxystyrenepolyoxyethylene block copolymer soeo where so denotes polystyrene oxide block as the hydrophobic block and eo the PE oxide block as the hydrophilic block in mixtures of water a selective solvent for the eo blocks and dioxane a good solvent for both blocks were studied by surface tension and CS scattering measurements surface and micellar structural parameters have been analyzed as a CF of solvent composition the critical micelle concentration increases and the micellar aggregation number decreases respectively as the amount of dioxane in the binary solvent increases as a consequence of the enhanced solubility of the so blocks in the solvent mixture causing the lowering of the interfacial tension between the hydrophobic blocks in the micellar core and the solvent therefore to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium the micelle size decreases in addition static light scattering sls has been proved to be a useful technique to detect the lower boundary of the transition between a dilute micellar solution sol to a localordered micellar solution soft gel resulting from a percolation mechanism comparison of the solsoft gel boundaries obtained from sls for copolymers soeo and eosoeo with those previously derived by rheology is made finally changes in the ACF of the solutions at the boundary obtained from dynamic CS scattering are also analyzed | MEDAL |
immunocytes in the female genital tract are found principally in the endocervix the predominant immunoglobulin produced in this site is iga and this together with the presence of secretory component in endocervical epithelium indicates that a local SIS similar to that found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts exists in the endocervix this local secretory immune system appears to be the L1 source of immunoglobulins in cervical mucus and the presence of secretory iga in cervicovaginal secretions provides an ERP protection mechanism against viral and bacterial infections sec iga also acts nonspecifically against exogenous antigens and may by binding spermatozoal antigens play a role in immunologically mediated infertility | MEDAL |
incidentally discovered adrenal masses referred to as AI are fairly common given the routine use of imaging as part of clinical care in a variety of settings adrenal incidentalomas most frequently are benign and hormonally inactive PT however approximately to are hormonally AS which can lead to diagnosis of clinically relevant conditions that affect morbidity and mortality thus all AI should be tested for production of hormones at initial diagnosis a mg dexamethasone suppression test is the initial screening test patients then should be referred for appropriate treatment among the adrenal mass subtypes pheochromocytomas are associated with the highest risk of mortality every effort should be made to exclude the presence of these tumors patients with hypertension and adrenal incidentalomas should be evaluated for aldosterone excess with an aldosterone to renin ratio primary malignancy represents a low percentage of adrenal incidentalomas a minority of adrenal malignancies are primary HPA tumors which are associated with a poor prognosis and for which management often is palliative | MEDAL |
many observers have noted that medicare expenditures will significantly outstrip projected revenues over the course of the next years this paper examines the economic and demographic assumptions behind forecasts of medicare hospital insurance and supplementary medical insurance expenditures and revenues and analyzes various strategies for closing the impending gap it is argued that the present forecasts already assume considerable success in controlling hospital costs and physician payments making substantial further savings unlikely shifting more of the burden onto the elderly through increased cost sharing or higher premiums also will not solve the programs fiscal problems over the long term the remaining alternativeimposing higher income or payroll taxes on the under populationis also unlikely to be a welcome solution the authors argue that eventually the nation must choose between some form of a twotier system of benefits or a canadianstyle national health insurance system | MEDAL |
when only limited numbers of effector cells are available for in vitro t cytotoxic determinations standard assays cannot be performed cr is still the most commonly used marker of target cells in cytotoxicity assays but since the incorporation of this marker is low especially in nontumor cells such as lymphoblasts larger numbers of both target and effector cells are required here we report the use of smethioninelabelled rat cona blasts in cytotoxic microcytotoxic and limiting dilution assays regardless of whether smethionine or cr targets were employed cytotoxic activities were MZ when large numbers of target cells were used the high uptake of smethionine by cona blasts cpmcell permitted the use of a small number of target cells without any loss of sensitivity therefore the number of effectors and targets required was dramatically reduced especially with high e t ratios such as the use of low number of smethioninelabelled rat cona blasts as targets was also suitable for the measurement of alloreactive t cell precursor frequencies this technique illustrates the possibility of studying t cytotoxicity in animal species lacking RT target cell lines under experimental conditions where the availability of effector cells is limited and the optimal use of such cells becomes critical | MEDAL |
recent studies have implicated ecadherinca singlenucleotide polymorphism snp in susceptibility to and EO of some cancers we investigated the role of ecadherin ca snp in chinese PC patients without dominant family history by genotyping patients and controls the risk of cancer for cc TT individuals was less than half that of aa individuals odds ratio or confidence interval ci furthermore patients with the cc and ca genotypes whose tumors were stages iii tnxm and iv txnxm or ci poorly differentiated or ci and leftsided or ci were associated with significantly lower risk than aa patients young years old or younger aa patients had a year lower mean age at ON than ccca patients p young male aa patients had worse diseasespecific survival than ccca patients p thus contrary to canadians and portuguese the aa rather than cc TT is associated with increased susceptibility and T3 pancreatic carcinoma in chinese patients suggesting a more complex relationship between the snp and pancreatic carcinoma risk possibly modulated by population differences | MEDAL |
progestin is often added to regimens of ET in PM women to reduce the risk of endometrial hyperstimulation but it may cause undesirable metabolic effects therefore a low dosage is recommended at present the only way to determine whether the dosage of progestin is causing the desired secretory transformation of the endometrium is by endometrial sampling which is invasive we studied postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen therapy who also took a progestin for days each month and we correlated the day of ON of bleeding with the endometrial histology over a threemonth period a bleeding pattern suitable for interpretation was observed in women regardless of the preparation and dosage of the estrogen and progestin used wholly or predominantly proliferative endometrium was always associated with bleeding on or before day T3 the addition of progestin wholly or predominantly sec endometrium or a lack of endometrial tissue was associated with one on day or later we conclude that the one DP reflected the histologic condition of the endometrium and that adjustment of the dosage of progestin so that regular bleeding is induced on or T3 day may obviate the need for EB | MEDAL |
the placebo effect is an excellent model for understanding the mechanisms underlying the interaction between a subjective and complex mental activity beliefs expectations hopes learning patientphysician relationship sociocultural context with different neural and biological systems initially research on the PL effect has focused on the mechanisms of pain and analgesia the cognitive processes of conditioning and reward anticipation hope of a relief were highlighted the involvement of different neurobiological pathways has been clearly shown endogenous opioids cck DA pathways endocannabinoids immunological factors more recently the field has open towards new perspectives depression and anxiety motor disorders IS endocrine system intensive research in the field emerges because of its fundamental implications in neuroscience research but also because of the ethical clinical and therapeutical issues moreover the PL effect is considered as a main methodological mean issue in clinical trials that allows the demonstration of the efficacy and tolerance of new drugs in the field of psychiatry depression is a placebo highlysensitive disorder PL response rates in PCTs are of the order of to the ID of biological markers of placebo response such as neuroimaging and quantitative electroencephalography may lead to develop more efficient models in clinical research | MEDAL |
the human immune system has evolved multiple cellular and humoral defense mechanisms against the lymphotropic virus ebv nk cells suppressor tcells cytotoxic kcells memory tcells and humoral immune responses usually subdue the virus into RL individuals with immune deficiency are at great risk of developing immunoregulatory disturbances and lymphoproliferative diseases when confronted by ebv the infection of bcells by ebv provokes a marked activation of immunoregulatory tcells and requires restoration of immune homeostasis during convalescence this is accomplished with difficulty in an individual with significant immune defects the xlinked lymphoproliferative syndrome is an exemplary MM for studying ebv in immune deficient individuals boys with xlp can develop acquired agammaglobulinemia AA chronic or fatal im and a variety of bcell malignant lymphomas following infection by the virus we have identified multiple immune defects in the patients and progressive immunoregulatory disturbances following infection by the virus other patients with immune deficiency syndromes ie ataxia telangiectasia or the renal SPK recipient are also at increased risk for developing ebvinduced lymphoproliferative diseases moreover certain families are at increased risk for ebvassociated malignancies especially those with a triad of manifestations ie autoimmunity immunodeficiency and lymphoma chromosomal breakage as seen in patients with ataxia telangiectasia may predispose to leukemogenesis immunoregulatory defects are also probably predisposing AF to lymphomagenesis both inherited and acquired defects can render persons vulnerable to leukemia and lymphoma | MEDAL |
the proteasome plays a crucial role in the proteolytic processing of antigens presented to t cells in the context of major histocompatibility complex class i molecules however the rules governing the specificity of cleavage sites are still largely unknown we have previously shown that a cytolytic t lymphocytedefined antigenic peptide derived from the mage tumorassociated antigen mage flwgpralv in oneletter code is not presented at the surface of melanoma cell lines expressing the mage protein by using purified proteasome and mage MMP extended at the c terminus by amino acids we identified predominant cleavages T3 residues and but no detectable cleavage after residue val the c terminus of the antigenic peptide in the present T0 we have investigated the influence of pro leu and glu on the proteasomal digestion of mage substituted at these positions we show that positions and are L1 proteasomal cleavage CS because they tolerate most amino acid substitutions in contrast the peptide bond T3 val is a minor cleavage site influenced by both distal and proximal CAA residues | MEDAL |
both when actions are executed and observed electroencephalography eeg has shown reduced alphaband hz oscillations over sensorimotor cortex this μalpha suppression is thought to reflect mental simulation of action which has been argued to support internal representation of others emotional states despite the proposed role of simulation in emotion perception little is known about the effect of emotional content on μsuppression we recorded highdensity eeg while participants viewed pointlight displays of emotional vs neutral body movements in coherent biologically plausible and scrambled configuratioguide the management of technology in medical imaging | MEDAL |
the delay in clinical effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ssris suggest the existence of adaptive phenomena such as receptor sensitivity changes to examine the effects of repeated administration of ssris on serotonin neurotransmission we investigated the effects of acute and chronic administration of the ssri fluvoxamine on the extracellular C2 of ht in the MR nucleus and dorsal hippocampus of conscious rats by means of BB MD a single oral dose of FLV mgkg augmented extracellular ht in the median raphe and dorsal hippocampus to and of baseline level respectively administration of fluvoxamine mgkg or vehicle for days did not affect ht baseline levels moreover the increase in extracellular ht in the MR nucleus and dorsal hippocampus after an oral dose of FLV mgkg in rats chronically treated with fluvoxamine was not different from rats treated with VH using ru as a probe for the sensitivity of the htb autoreceptors in the dorsal hippocampus no change in receptor sensitivity could be observed these results demonstrate that repeated oral treatment with FLV does not affect extracellular ht in the median raphe and dorsal hippocampus suggesting that presynaptic functional changes of ht in the BB areas tested are not implicated in the observed delayed ON of action of this ssri in humans | MEDAL |
AS prepared against SU gradient purified reticuloendotheliosis virus rev recognized the chicken transferrin receptor molecules immunoprecipitated from red blood cells rbc obtained from embryonic chickens with either the antirev reagent or a chicken transferrin immunomatrix were demonstrated to be identical by comigration in both reducing and nonreducing sdspolyacrylamide gels and in twodimensional isoelectric focusing analyses reciprocal immunodepletion analyses and by peptide mapping the chicken transferrin receptor was shown to be a dalton cell surface membrane molecule consisting of two similar disulfidebonded subunits of approximately daltons the chicken transferrin receptor was expressed on erythroid cell surface membranes as dalton monomers as well as dalton dimers the chicken transferrin receptor was expressed on all differentiationmaturation stages including mature rbc of both the primitive and definitive type i erythroid cell series in AD chickens the transferrin receptor was expressed by immature erythroid cells in the bone marrow but not by mature circulating rbc revtransformed immature lymphoid cells and avian erythroblastosis virus aevtransformed erythroid cells expressed dimers composed of and dalton subunits comparisons among v protease derived peptides from dalton transferrin receptors obtained from rbc and revtransformed lymphoid cells revealed a high degree of homology however the dalton molecules isolated from revtransformed lymphoid cells exhibited a dalton peptide that was unique cloned aevtransformed erythroleukemia cells induced to differentiate by supplementation of the media with mm BA expressed elevated transferrin receptor C2 both serological and peptide mapping studies demonstrated the human transferrin receptor on k cells and the chicken transferrin receptor to be distinct however chicken transferrin was shown to be capable of reacting with the human transferrin receptors on k cells | MEDAL |
acute glomerulonephritis agn is one of the most common renal diseases they are often associated with infections and can result in diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis gn this case report reviews an interesting case in which renal endarteritis coexisted in agn with diffuse endocapillary proliferation the discussion highlights important pathological findings and clinical aspects in acute endocapillary proliferative gn with renal endarteritis coexisting endarteritis should be in the differential diagnosis of agn in patients with persistent clinical courses | MEDAL |
sex differences in cognitive processing and function have been documented in human and animal studies females have been found to perform better than males on nonspatial SM tasks while males tend to outperform females on spatial memory tasks the neural mechanisms underlying these sexual dimorphisms are unclear however it is known that the cholinergic system is critically involved in memory processes and there are notable differences between males and females in cholinergic system function and receptor expression in particular there are sex differences in the processing of information in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in this study we examined the roles of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the medial frontal SC mfc and VP hippocampus vh on spatial working memory in male and female rats local infusions of scopolamine scop and mecamylamine mec μgside were used to antagonize these receptors in each respective BB region during performance in the arm radial arm maze infusions of scop into the vh caused a significant increase in SM errors in female rats but had no significant effect on males while infusions of mec into the vh had no effect on either sex infusions of both scop μgside and mec μgside into the mfc caused working SM impairments in both sexes these results show that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the vh are differentially vulnerable to spatial memory impairments in females ventral HPC muscarinic acetylcholine receptors may play a key role in malefemale differences in spatial SM | MEDAL |
based on previous studies showing that interleukin il significantly increased after AS shielding this article reports further research into the possible therapeutic applications of il receptor antagonist ilra forty rats whose left achilles tendons were denervated and completely stress shielded were divided into groups week phosphatebuffered saline pbs week pbs week ilra week ilra and normal control the achilles tendons were tested morphologically and the changes in collagen i and iii matrix MPs mmp and and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase timp were determined the collagen fibrils in the ilra groups were morphologically more similar to those in the control group than to those in the pbs groups the collagen i C2 increased in the week CG significant differences existed between the pbs and ilra CG at weeks the mmp level increased dramatically T3 stress shielding and increased less in the week ilra group than in the week pbs group the degree of decrease of mmp in the ilra groups was significantly less than that in the pbs CG the collagen iii and timp C2 continued to increase and no difference was found between the pbs and ilra groups interleukin receptor antagonist prevented morphological deterioration and collagen metabolism of the denervated achilles tendons after stress shielding likely by inhibiting the decline of mmp and increasing mmp C2 at an early stage | MEDAL |
we describe the synthesis structure and CR of lowcoordinate alalkyl and alkoxide cationic complexes incorporating the sterically bulky aminophenolate bidentate ligand chnmecphmecho no these complexes are derived from the ionization of neutral dialkyl al complexes noal a rme b ribu readily obtained by alkane elimination between alr and the corresponding aminophenol ligand with the alkyl abstracting reagents bcf and phcbcf the reactions of ab with bcf yield complicated mixtures or decomposition products however the ionization of the aldiisobutyl derivative b with phcbcf affords a stable fourcoordinate alphbr cationic adduct noalibuphbr as deduced from elemental analysis data complex readily coordinates Le bases such as thf to form the corresponding adduct noalibuthf and also rapidly chaintransfers with hexene to yield the threecoordinate alhexyl cation noalhexyl both cations and slowly dimerize to form unprecedented organoaluminum dications noalr ribu rhexyl as deduced from xray crystallographic analysis cation reacts quickly with iproh to form a stable lewis acidbase adduct noalibuhoipr which constitutes the first xray characterized adduct between an alalkyl complex and a simple roh the alroh proton in is readily abstracted by nmeph to form the neutral isopropoxide al complex noalibuoipr upon reaction with thf cation undergoes an intramolecular proton transfer to yield the ammonium althf complex etahnoalibuoiprthf b in which the aminophenolate is etacoordinated to the al center cation b can then be converted to the desired alalkoxide derivative noaloiprthf by an intramolecular protonolysis reaction as confirmed by xray crystallography the synthesized alalkyl cations form robust fourcoordinate adducts in the presence of cyclic esters such as epsiloncaprolactone and dllactide but no insertion chemistry occurs illustrating the poor ability of the alr moiety to ringopen in contrast the alalkoxide cation polymerizes CL in a controlled manner with excellent activity but is inactive in the polymerization of dllactide and llactide control experiments with llactide show that cation ringopens llactide to yield a robust fivecoordinated allactate cation noaletallactateoiprthf derived from a monoinsertion of llactide into the aloipr bond of that does not further react cation may be regarded as a structurally characterized close mimic of the initial intermediate in the ring opening polymerization rop of lactides by lxmorl where lxbidentate monoanionic ligand and llabile ligand metal complex initiators | MEDAL |
the increasing shortage of donor organs has led to the increasing use of organs from nonheartbeating donors we aimed to assess the impact of venous SVR oxygen persufflation vsop supplemented with nitric oxide no gas during the cold storage cs of WI widamaged exp CL grafts rat livers n per group were retrieved T3 T2 of wi induced by CA the wi group and were thereafter preserved for hours by cs in histidine tryptophan ketoglutarate solution during cs gaseous oxygen was insufflated via the caval vein with ppm no the vsopno group or without no the vsop group coldstored livers without wi served as controls liver viability was assessed after the preservation period by normothermic isolated reperfusion for minutes with oxygenated KH buffer T3 T2 of reperfusion the vsopnotreated livers showed significantly lower alanine aminotransferase values than the widamaged livers ± versus ± iul whereas the control livers showed no differences from the vsopnotreated livers the mitochondrial enzyme release was lower in the vsopno group ± iul versus the wi group ± iul an increased portal vein pressure was observed throughout reperfusion T2 in the wi group ± mm hg versus the vsopno group ± mm hg and the control group ± mm hg furthermore the no concentration in the perfusate T3 minutes of reperfusion was highest in the vsopno group the release of malondialdehyde into the perfusate was significantly reduced in the vsopno group ± nmolml versus the wi group ± nmolml in conclusion the resuscitation of livers T3 T2 of wi to a level comparable to that of nonischemically damaged livers is possible with vsop supplemented with no gas momucor miehei the condition optimization of the process was conducted by using response surface methodology rsm the optimal conditions for highest conversion of stme and lowest content llltag sss and ssp s stearic acid p palmitic acid were determined to be a reaction time h a substrate molar ratio stmetb of and an enzyme amount of at a reaction temperature of °c under these conditions the actually measured conversion of stme and content of llltag were and respectively in good PA with predicted values the target product under optimal conditions T3 shortrange molecular distillation showed solid fat content sfc values similar to those of cocoa butter substitutes cbs CB equivalent cbe and cocoa butters B6 indicating its application for inclusion with other fats as cocoa butter substitutes | MEDAL |
the aim of this T0 is to compare groups of patients treated for great saphenous vein gsv reflux with open surgical saphenofemoral ligation sfl and endovenous laser ablation evla | MEDAL |
in recent years there has been worldwide increase in childhood obesity however in the beginning LA in obese children was contraindicated now it is commonly used for the treatment of appendicitis the purpose of this T0 was to compare open versus laparoscopic appendectomy in extremely obese children | MEDAL |
the matrix metalloproteinases mmps are an endogenous family of proteolytic enzymes implicated to contribute to lv CR however broadspectrum mmp inhibition mmpi particularly inhibition of interstitial collagenase mmp may not be clinically applicable this T0 examined the effects of selective mmpi sparing mmp in a MM of developing congestive HF pigs were randomly assigned to CG rapid pacing for weeks bpm n selective mmpi mgkg per daypopge and rapid pacing n and controls n lv peak WS increased from controls with rapid pacing versus gcm p and was reduced with selective mmpi gcm p preload recruitable SW was reduced with rapid pacing versus dyne cmmm hg p and was increased with selective mmpi dyne cmmm hg p plasma norepinephrine increased by fold in the rapid pacing group p and was reduced from UT values with selective mmpi p at the myocardial level myocyte crosssectional area was increased with selective mmpi but fibrillar collagen volume fraction remained unchanged relative to control values these results suggest that targeting a selective portfolio of myocardial mmp species for inhibition may provide a more rational therapeutic strategy in the setting of congestive heart failure | MEDAL |
BQR sodium dup brequinar is a potent inhibitor of the pyrimidine de novo enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase dhodh leading to a depletion of pyrimidine nucleotides which could be reversed by UR in in vitro studies we investigated the effect of different physiological concentrations of uridine on the growthinhibition by BQR the effect of the nucleoside transport inhibitor dipyridamole and the combination of brequinar and fluorouracil fu uridine at microm slightly reversed the growth inhibition by brequinar while the effect of microm was greater however at BQR concentrations greater than microm uridine could not reverse the growthinhibitory effects addition of dipyridamole could only partially prevent the reversing effects of UR the combination of BQR and fu was more than additive in the absence of UR in the SC medium but not in the presence of UR the combination of brequinar and fu was tested in vivo in two mu colon tumour models colon and colon scheduling of both EDC appeared to be very important in colon no potentiating effect of BQR could be observed in contrast in colon a more than additive effect could be observed since uridine concentrations are considerably different in these tumours higher in colon it was concluded from both the in vitro and in vivo experiments that uridine is an important determinant in combinations of brequinar and fu | MEDAL |
we conducted exp to determine how differences in muscle contraction C2 muscle contraction types and movement duration affect degree of postexercise depression ped T3 nonexhaustive repetitive finger movement twelve healthy participants performed repetitive abduction movements of the right index finger at hz in experiment we examined the effects of muscle contraction C2 at and maximum voluntary contraction and the effects of muscle contraction types at isotonic and isometric contraction in experiment we examined the effects of movement duration at and min motorevoked potentials meps were recorded from the RA FDI before movement tasks and min T3 movement tasks mep amplitudes T3 isotonic contraction tasks were significantly smaller than those T3 ISO contraction tasks and decreased with increasing contraction levels but were independent of movement duration this T0 demonstrated that the degree of ped T3 nonexhaustive repetitive finger movement depended on muscle contraction levels and types thus the degree of ped may depend on the C2 of activity in the motor SC during a movement task this knowledge will aid in the design of rehabilitation protocols | MEDAL |
different cell populations isolated from rats during the period of latency of adjuvant arthritis were injected into the bloodstream of naive rats to test their ability to transfer articular disorders synoviumderived cells synoviocytes were able to induce arthritis in out of recipient animals whereas peripheral blood WBCs PEM lymph node cells synoviocyte lysates and synoviocytes from control animals were not able to do so this MM of cellular transferred ICA is associated with antibody titres to hsp in rat sera our findings suggest a crucial role for synovial cells in the pathogenesis of adjuvant disease which might be linked to their CF as accessory cells | MEDAL |
acetylcholine ach was tested for its effect on calcium currents in primary cultures of embryonic rat HPC neurones microm ach reversibly depressed the HV activated hva ca current and the effect was blocked by atropine when gtp IB proteins gproteins were irreversibly G1 by intracellular perfusing the SN with gtps one shortlasting application of ach permanently inhibited ca currents alternatively the transmitter was inactive when the cells were preincubated with pertussis toxin which inactivates some gproteins by catalyzing adp ribosylation our results suggest that a gprotein mediates the GABA modulation of the hva ca current by muscarinic agonists | MEDAL |
HR rate breathing rate electromyogram SR and skin temperature were measured when experienced technicians climbed up a mast of m height by means of a digital SM system a new method for recording demand profiles to separate physical and psychological strain the same parameters were measured in a laboratory simulating the PCS strain with a bicycle ergometer it could be shown using nonparametric statistical methods that the shorttime physical strain seems to be superimposed by an emotional component | MEDAL |
in this study we investigated the effect of tumour necrosis factor tnf on the regenerative response after partial hepatectomy adult male rats were injected intravenously with an antibody to tnf immediately after partial hepatectomy animals were sacrificed at and h postoperatively hepatic thymidine kinase tk activity liver weight to body weight lwbw ratio and MI index mi were used as indices of hepatic regeneration the rats treated with tnfab had significantly lower levels of tk activity in the CL at h postoperatively compared to the saline treated animals furthermore the peak hepatic tk activity was delayed to h in the rats treated with tnfab the mitotic indices and lwbw ratios in the tnfab and salinetreated animals were similar these data suggest that tnf potentiates the regenerative response T3 partial hepatectomy | MEDAL |
an autopsy case of malignant rhabdoid tumor arising from soft parts in the left inguinal region of a yearold japanese male is reported the RT grew rapidly and appeared as a large mass measuring x cm located in the subcutaneous tissues of the lower abdominal wall histologically the RT was composed of small round cells resembling rhabdomyoblasts which showed a diffuse or alveolar arrangement the cytoplasm of the RT cells was eosinophilic and frequently contained round inclusion bodies each consisting of an aggregation of globular filaments by electron microscopy immunohistochemistry showed the tumor cells to be positive for vimentin and keratin in the cytoplasm but negative for actin myoglobin and S1 at autopsy extensive M1 or invasive PT were observed mainly in the retroperitoneum and pelvic organs the patient showed hypercalcemia whichand interpersonal SMB during the psychotherapy hour | MEDAL |
our aim was to investigate the value of salivary concentrations of four L1 periodontal pathogens and their combination in diagnostics of periodontitis the parogene study included dentate subjects mean age ± years with PD disease cad diagnosis who underwent an extensive clinical and radiographic oral examination salivary C2 of four L1 periodontal bacteria were measured by quantitative RT pcr qpcr median salivary concentrations of porphyromonas gingivalis tannerella forsythia and prevotella intermedia as well as the sum of the concentrations of the four bacteria were higher in subjects with moderate to severe periodontitis compared to subjects with no to mild periodontitis median salivary aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans concentrations did not differ significantly between the subjects with no to mild periodontitis and subjects with moderate to severe periodontitis in LR analysis adjusted for age gender diabetes and the number of teeth and implants high salivary concentrations of p gingivalis t forsythia and p intermedia were significantly associated with moderate to severe periodontitis when looking at different clinical and radiographic parameters of periodontitis high concentrations of p gingivalis and t forsythia were significantly associated with the number of mm periodontal pockets ⥠mm pockets and alveolar bone loss abl high level of t forsythia was associated also with BOP bop the combination of the four bacteria ie the bacterial burden index was associated with moderate to severe periodontitis with an odds ratio or of ci when a actinomycetemcomitans was excluded from the combination of the bacteria the or was improved to ci the highest or ci was achieved when p intermedia was further excluded from the combination and only the levels of p gingivalis and t forsythia were used salivary diagnostics of periodontitis has potential especially in largescale population studies and HP the cumulative strategy appears to be useful in the analysis of salivary bacteria as markers of periodontitis | MEDAL |
we report a quantitative T0 on the electronic interaction between a molecular wire and its atomic scale metallic contacting pad a socalled reactive lander molecule is manipulated using a lowtemperature scanning tunneling microscope to form a planar oneend electronic contact the increase of the stm contrast at the junction location is discussed by means of the electronic interaction between the contacting group of the molecular wire and the end atoms of the nanopad | MEDAL |
it was noted that when a multivector distractor is used there is shortening of the linear distraction distance when the gonial angle is reduced and the transverse distance is increased the purpose of this T0 was to measure the distance change at the mandibular corticotomy site when the gonial angle is reduced or the transverse distance is increased the synthes multivector distractor was used in this experiment after initial linear distraction the distractor was activated by angular and transverse adjustments to achieve an angular a transverse and a combined angular and transverse reorientation the length of the pin from the distractor to the tip of pin was evaluated at and mm with the pins place at degrees the distractor arm length was evaluated at and mm apart respectively the distance change between the ends of the pins was measured by means of a caliper for angular activation one turn shortened the linear distraction distance at the pin end by to mm for transverse activation one turn shortened the linear distraction distance by to mm for combined angular and transverse activation one turn of angular activation plus one turn of transverse activation shortened the linear distraction distance by to mm for angular activation increasing the pin length did not alter the distance between the pin ends for any of the TPS activations increase in the distractor arm length in angular reduction resulted in significant increase in the shortening for transverse increase alteration in the distractor arm length resulted in the same shortening increase in the pin length resulted in increased shortening at the pin ends when the transverse and angular activation were combined the shortening was of the combined measurements the distance between the pin ends will reflect the distance between the bone segment at that site it will be different at the outer cortex of the bone these measurements will be valuable in planning the extent of additional linear distraction needed when the angle is reduced or transverse distance is increased with the use of a multivector distractor alteration in the distractor arm length and pin length has a significant effect on the extent of shortening | MEDAL |
brain metastases occur in of patients with systemic CA and represent one of the most unfavourable prognostic parameters in the majority of cases BB metastases are multiple and are usually treated with whole brain irradiation the treatment of single BM often includes surgery followed by whole BB radiotherapy although the goal of treatment of both single and BM is almost always palliation and not cure it is important that several modes of treatment are carefully compared in comparing different treatment regimens it should be emphasised that not only duration of survival time and time until tumour recurrence are used as outcome parameters but also the quality of life the only way in which the results of different therapies can be compared is by means of randomised trials as long as high quality studies are not available any definitive assessment of the relative effectiveness of radiosurgery to ST for BB cannot be defined radiosurgery can be used to treat patients whose metastases recur T3 traditional therapies as with other definitive therapies for patients with BB metastases highly PET patients with wellcontrolled SVR cancers derive the greatest benefit from treatment with radiosurgery | MEDAL |
the purpose of this study was to examine the physiological determinants of endurance cycling time trial tt performance in a heterogeneous group of competitive male road cyclists about male cyclists who had all competed in cycling the preceding season were tested for the anthropometric variables height body weight LL ankle circumference and body fat percentage they were also tested for maximal oxygen consumption vomax lactate threshold lt metabolic cost of cycling cc peak SP output and AP output during a second wingate test RM and PP in half squats and a tt test on an ergometer HR rate and cadence rounds per minute rpm were continuously measured during all cycle tests pearson bivariate rho tests and single LR tests were performed to obtain rho coefficients r effect size f standard error of estimate see and confidence interval the single VL that correlated best with tt performance was SP SO at lt r p standard error of estimate was LT expressed in vomax did not correlate significantly with tt performance an equation representing both aerobic and anaerobic endurance capacity ttw vomaxcc ttvomax wingate average correlated strongly with tt laboratory performance r p see none of the strength SP or anthropometric variables correlated significantly with tt laboratory performance | MEDAL |
patients with gastrointestinal cancers are susceptible to nutritional deterioration which may be compounded by radiotherapy treatment toxicities this study aimed to determine whether nutritional status at radiotherapy commencement or changes in nutritional status throughout radiotherapy were associated with treatment toxicity and outcomes in gastrointestinal cancer patients | MEDAL |
the aim of this randomized doubleblind controlled study was to evaluate the antidandruff activity exerted by a new shampoo on patients affected by dandruff andor mild seborrheic dermatitis by means of both dsquame technique coupled with image analysis and clinical assessments thirtyfour patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to either a test shampoo or a comparative shampoo group treatment schedule was twice a week for weeks the dsquame technique was shown to be able to objectively record variations in scalp desquamation both between test and comparative CG and within the same group over time the results obtained with this instrumental RPA showed a statistically significant reduction by vs baseline after weeks of treatment there was an even greater reduction T3 weeks this reduction was statistically significant compared with the comparative group at the same time points the analysis of all the other parameters except woods lama proper rotation matrix an objective CF based on nonfulfillment of constraints is defined and is optimized using PSO pso algorithm initial values of rotation matrix are calculated using local rank analysis and heuristic evolving latent projection help method the ability of mcrpso in resolving the chromatographic data is evaluated using simulated gas chromatographymass spectrometry gcms and highperformance liquid chromatographydiode array PCD hplcdad data to present a comprehensive study different number of components and various levels of noise under proper constraints of nonnegativity unimodality and spectral normalization are considered calculation of the extent of rotational ambiguity in mcr solutions for different chromatographic systems using mcrbands method showed that mcrpso solutions are always in the range of feasible solutions like true solutions in addition the performance of mcrpso is compared with other popular mcr methods of multivariate curve resolutionobjective CF minimization mcrfmin and multivariate curve resolutionalternating least squares mcrals the results showed that mcrpso solutions are rather similar or better in some cases than other mcr methods in terms of statistical parameters finally mcrpso is successfully applied in the resolution of real gcms data it should be pointed out that in addition to multivariate resolution of hyphenated chromatographic signals mcrpso algorithm can be straightforwardly applied to other types of separation spectroscopic and EC data | MEDAL |
this trial compares the efficiency of comfeel ulcer dressing coloplast ltd a hydrocolloid dressing with a chlorhexidine acetate impregnated dressing on iatrogenic wounds produced by toenail avulsion followed by treatment with phenolisation of the GM and nail bed | MEDAL |
this paper describes an unusual complication of membrane dysfunction during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ecmo for treatment of neonatal respiratory distress a kg term infant presented to our facility in severe respiratory distress and was diagnosed with primary pulmonary hypertension T3 routine priming of the extracorporeal circuit the patient was placed on venoarterial ecmo with f arterial and f A-V cannulae transfusion criteria were established which included trigger values of the following PLT count microliters fibrinogen mgdl PCV the ecmo course was uneventful until approximately the nd hour on support when the patient developed a consumptive coagulopathy as evidenced by reductions in both platelet count and fibrinogen concentrations despite transfusion therapy total autogeneic blood product transfusion during the first h of ecmo averaged mlh while the transfusion rate for the final h was mlh coinciding with this rise in transfusion requirements was an increase in TMP from to mmhgml blood flow the patient was separated from ecmo T3 h due to a continuing coagulopathy and haemothorax the patient was then treated with nitric oxide therapy before succumbing on the twelfth postoperative day due to refractory respiratory failure the circuit was dissected and significant clots found in both the A-V bladder and oxygenator in addition approximately onethird of the membrane compartment had a fused circumferential pattern of dessicated clot which interrupted blood path continuity in conclusion this report describes an unusual complication of the ecmo oxygenator that occurred during LT extracorporeal life support which most likely resulted from a coagulopathy | MEDAL |
the trace gas GO chocho forms from the atmospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons and is a precursor to SOA we have measured the absorption cross section of disubstituted chocho c glyoxal at moderately high cm optical resolution between and cm nm the isotopic shifts in the position of absorption features were found to be largest near nm δν cm δλ nm whereas no significant shifts were observed near nm δν cm δλ nm these shifts are used to investigate the selective detection of c GO NK isotope abundance and c glyoxal by in situ cavity enhanced differential optical absorption spectroscopy cedoas in a series of sensitivity tests using synthetic spectra and laboratory measurements of mixtures containing c and c GO nitrogen dioxide and other interfering absorbers we find the changes in apparent spectral band shapes remain significant at the moderately high optical resolution typical of cedoas nm fwhm cedoas allows for the selective online detection of both isotopes with detection limits of ⼠pptv pptv volume mixing ratio and sensitivity toward total glyoxal of few pptv the c absorption cross section is available for download from the supporting information | MEDAL |
HT was induced in rats by lthyroxine administration mgl in drinking water weeks animals were assessed hemodynamically and HR lung and liver morphometry were performed lipid peroxidation lpo and protein oxidation carbonyls were measured in heart homogenates it was quantified glutathione gsh metabolism and antioxidant enzyme MICs its and protein expression by western blot at the end of treatment it was observed cardiac hypertrophy elevation of left ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressures lung and liver congestion lpo and carbonyls were increased in the hyperthyroid group and gsh was decreased by in the fourth week myocardial oxidative AS time course analysis revealed that it was increased in the second week of treatment antioxidant enzyme activities elevation was accompanied by protein expression induction in the hyperthyroid group in the fourth week these results imply that HT generates myocardial dysfunction associated with oxidative stress inducing antioxidant enzyme MICs and protein expression | MEDAL |
the use of skinsparing mastectomy ssm to facilitate breast reconstruction is increasing due to a wide acceptance of improved cosmetic outcomes and evidence of equivalence in oncologic outcomes the rates of patients undergoing mastectomy for whom postmastectomy radiotherapy pmrt will be recommended is increasing as evidence of decreased LRR and increased survival mounts pmrt may adversely effect complication rates and cosmetic outcomes for patients undergoing IBR and pmrtalthough the evidence for this is methodologically flawed this article summarises the above evidence and highlights a reconstructive algorithm that may be used to mitigate the possible deleterious effects of pmrt on results | MEDAL |
dirithromycin antibiotic is a membered lactone ring macrolide and is widely used in medicine to treat many different types of bacterial infections in the present study the possible genotoxicity of dirithromycin was evaluated in cultured human lymphocytes by using sister chromatid exchanges sces chromosome aberration ca and micronucleus mn tests and also cell proliferation kinetics such as mitotic index mi replication index ri and nuclear division index ndi were analyzed for cytotoxicity cell cultures were treated with four different concentrations of dirithromycin and µgml for and h periods dirithromycin significantly induced sce and mn frequency at all concentrations in both and h treated cells in addition ca level has been markedly increased in the cells treated with almost all concentrations of dirithromycin for except µgml and h treatment periods as compared to control however mi ri and ndi values were not affected by the dirithromycin treatment p the results of this T0 indicated that dirithromycin treatment caused genetic damage by increasing the level of cytogenetic endpoints suggesting its genotoxic and mutagenic action on HL in vitro | MEDAL |
this review article explains the methodology of BH CVR mapping both in terms of acquisition and analysis and reviews applications of this method to presurgical mapping particularly with respect to blood oxygen leveldependent fmri its main application in clinical fmri is for the assessment of neurovascular uncoupling potential neurovascular uncoupling is potentially a major limitation of clinical fmri particularly in the setting of mass lesions in the BB such as BT and intracranial V1 malformations that are associated with alterations in regional hemodynamics on either an acquired or congenital basis as such breathhold CVR mapping constitutes an essential component of SQ control analysis in clinical fmri particularly when performed for presurgical mapping of eloquent SC exogenous carbon dioxide challenges used for cerebrovascular reactivity mapping will also be discussed and their applications to the DUE of CVR and cerebrovascular disease will be described | MEDAL |
one of the areas of concern in a rapidly ageing population is the anticipated increase in demand for institutional care by the aged this paper reports a procedure used for projecting such type of demand by the aged population in singapore for the year the procedure involves two fundamental processes estimating the present demand for such services and projecting the demand at some future timeframe year using the baseline information and making assumptions about the influence of demographic health and SES AF altering demand estimation of present demand is made using a MM that generally classifies aged persons in the population by FS and residential status projection of future demand for institutional care is done using a x matrix of projection models three principal models representing low medium and high projections are used to represent varying degrees of expected change in disease load among the aged population three submodels are in turn used to finetune each principal MM to reflect possible changes in the demand for institutional and hospital care within each functional status group | MEDAL |
postmastectomy partial submuscular tissue expander placement can prevent the upper pole fullness commonly seen with CR submuscular prosthesis placement the resultant inferior and lateral margins require coverage to prevent prosthesis SE the fascial layer overlying the serratus anterior muscle can be used as an alternative to previously defined techniques to provide composite lateral coverage this method offers adequate coverage prevents expander lateralization and minimizes use of allogenic material this study reports the anatomy surgical procedure clinical outcomes and aesthetics following use of the serratus anterior fascial flap for lateral expander coverage in postmastectomy expanderbased breast reconstruction | MEDAL |
the V2R is expressed in the polarized principal cell of the renal collecting duct inactivating mutations of the V2R gene cause xlinked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ndi most of the mutant v receptors show transport defects as analyzed in nonpolarized cells but data pertaining to polarized cells have not previously been presented | MEDAL |
the clinical presentation radiological and laboratory DUE treatment and risk AF of sinusitis in a cohort of HIV virus hivinfected children from a placebocontrolled clinical trial of intravenous immunoglobulin ivig as prophylaxis for infections were examined ninetyfive episodes of sinusitis were described in patients onethird of the patients had two or more episodes sinusitis episodes were commonly associated with nonspecific chronic PS persistent nasal discharge nocturnal or persistent cough whereas symptoms more specific to acute sinusitis were less frequent HA or facial pain periorbital swelling temperature of or degrees f total WG blood RCC of or mm the sinuses primarily involved were the maxillary sinus and the ethmoidal sinus of episodes involved two or more sinuses preceding respiratory infections did not appear to increase the risk of sinusitis and cd lymphocyte counts in children with and without sinusitis did not differ neither monthly ivig prophylaxis nor three times weekly trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia decreased the risk of sinusitis sinusitis in HIV+ children is most often subacute and recurrent evaluations of new modalities for prophylaxis for sinusitis are needed | MEDAL |
antitumor and antimetastatic effects of resveratrol on tumorinduced lymphangiogenesis through the regulation of m macrophages in tumorassociated macrophages currently remain unknown therefore we herein examined the effects of RES on m macrophage activation and differentiation and those of resveratroltreated condition medium cm in m macrophages on V1 EC cell growth factor vegfcinduced migration invasion and tube formation by human LECs hlecs resveratrol μm or μm inhibited the production of interleukin and monocyte chemoattractant protein in m macrophages whereas it promoted that of transforming growth factorβ RES and μm inhibited the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcript without affecting its expression in the differentiation process of m macrophages furthermore resveratroltreated cm of m macrophages inhibited vegfcinduced hlec migration invasion and lymphangiogenesis RES mgkg twice daily inhibited tumor growth and metastasis to the lung and also reduced the area of lymphatic endothelial cells in PT in vivo these results suggest that the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of resveratrol were partly due to antilymphangiogenesis through the regulation of m macrophage activation and differentiation | MEDAL |
sudden unexpected deaths have been reported with AP use since the early s in some cases the AP may be unrelated to death but in others it appears to be a causal factor antipsychotics can cause sudden death by several mechanisms but particular interest has centred on torsade de pointes tdp a polymorphic VVI arrhythmia that can progress to ventricular fibrillation and SD the qtc interval is a HR ratecorrected value that represents the time between the onset of electrical depolarisation of the ventricles and the end of repolarisation prolongation of the qtc interval is a surrogate marker for the ability of a drug to cause tdp in individual patients an absolute qtc interval of msec or an increase of msec from baseline is regarded as indicating an increased risk of tdp however tdp can occur with lower qtc values or changes concern about a relationship between qtc prolongation tdp and SD applies to a wide range of drugs and has led to the withdrawal or restricted labelling of several among antipsychotics available in the uk sertindole was voluntarily suspended droperidol was withdrawn and restricted labelling introduced for thioridazine and PIM the degree of qtc prolongation is dose dependent and varies between antipsychotics reflecting their different capacity to block cardiac ion channels significant prolongation is not a class effect among currently available agents thioridazine and ziprasidone are associated with the greatest qtc prolongation virtually all drugs known to cause tdp block the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifier potassium current ikr arrhythmias are more likely to occur if druginduced qtc prolongation coexists with other risk factors such as individual susceptibility presence of congenital long qt syndromes HF bradycardia electrolyte imbalance overdose of a qtc prolonging drug female sex restraint old age hepatic or renal impairment and slow metaboliser status pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions can also increase the risk of arrhythmias further research is needed to quantify the risk of SD with antipsychotics the risk should be viewed in the context of the overall risks and benefits of AP treatment it seems prudent where possible to select antipsychotics that are not associated with marked qtc prolongation if use of a qtcprolonging drug is warranted then measures to reduce the risk should be adopted | MEDAL |
in order to clarify the effect of intestinal flora on the absorption and metabolism of paeoniflorin in vivo the metabolism of paeoniflorin by rat intestinal flora was studied under the in vitro anaerobic condition paeoniflorin was incubated with rat anaerobic intestinal flora for h and uplc was used to detect the changes of paeoniflorin at different incubation time points under the following chromatographic conditionsï¼welchromtm cââ chromatographic column mmà mm μm with formic acidaacetonitrileb as the mobile phase for gradient elution the flow rate was mlâ¢minâ»Â¹ and column temperature was â uplcqtofms with PI modeesi ion source was applied to investigate the structural characterization of metabolic products the structures of the metabolites were identified by accurate molecular weight tofmsms fragmentation information combined with retention time and literature data review and the intestinal metabolic rules were then analyzed after incubation for h the PF was metabolized CR and the resulting metabolitesalbiflorin albiflorinaglycone deacylate albiflorin deacylate albiflorin aglycone and paeonilactoneb were detected in rat intestinal flora the metabolic pathway analysis showed that the isolated rat intestinal flora first transformed peoniflorin into albiflorin and then further metabolized by glucose removal phenyl group removal or fourmembered ring pyrolysis and rearrangement paeoniflorin was gradually transformed into more hydrophobic metabolites with smaller molecular mass which were better absorbed by the intestinal tract | MEDAL |
the controversy over beneficial versus harmful effects of salt on cardiovascular outcomes may be caused by different effects of salt on intermediate phenotypes of hypertension not characterized in epidemiological studies hence we investigated acute effects of salt on oxidative stress in hypertensive subjects classified as salt sensitive ss n or SR sr n by an inpatient protocol of salt loading mmol nacl and salt depletion mmol nacl and furosemide oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the plasma isoprostane isopgfalpha ss had lower plasma renin activity higher aldosteronerenin ratios and exaggerated endothelin and catecholamine responses to salt depletion compared with sr baseline lipidbound isoprostanes pmoll were of the total and were slightly but not significantly higher in ss than sr baseline free isoprostanes did not differ between CG T3 salt loading lipidbound isoprostanes were higher in ss than sr p salt depletion significantly decreased them in ss and increased them in sr equalizing their C2 versus p value not significant free isoprostanes were decreased by salt SD only if data in all of the patients were analyzed together total isoprostanes followed the DP of the lipidbound fraction correlations between salt depletioninduced changes in lipidbound isoprostanes plasma renin activity r p and aldosteronerenin ratios r p suggested that the more ss the patient the greater the reduction of oxidative stress by salt depletion our research is the first to show that salt affects oxidative AS acutely in humans particularly in ss hypertension which may explain the controversial results of epidemiological studies on salt and morbidity and may have implications for therapy | MEDAL |
the precautionary principle is objet of an intense discussion in different legal orders it is easy to understand the reason why the regulation of risks challenges the legal thought the positivist approach has shown its limits it is now important to ask ourselves about the way in which we can deal with uncertainty effectively the task is difficult but we can point out two different aspects firstly it is important to understand the complexity of the technological risks in a transdisciplinary way this is an unavoidable step in evaluating the ability of the law to prevent them secondly the precautionary principle presupposes a pluralistic conception of nature in which the economic sphere can be seen as a tool to express the relationship between man and nature | MEDAL |
the distribution patterns of arabinogalactanproteins agps in stigma and style of nicotiana tabacum l were studied with western blotting immunohistochemistry and ultracytochemistry techniques the results showed abundant agps accumulated in the stigmas and styles fig SP i agps were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of epidermal cells and extracellular matrix of the secretory zone of stigma plate ii and no significant changes of the distribution of agps in stigma were detected before and after pollination in styles agps were mainly distributed in the outer PCW of the epidermal cells the cytoplasm of peripheral cells of V1 bundles and the extracellular matrix of the transmitting tissues SP iii as the pollen tube tips penetrated through the accumulations of agps in the EM of the stylar transmitting tissues decreased but abundant agps were founded in the cytoplasm and cell walls of the passing pollen tubes plate iii | MEDAL |
specific language impairment has although not without controversy been considered as a consequence of a phonological memory deficit nonword repetition has been proposed as a reliable index of phonological memory and also as predictive of lexical and grammatical OD in normally developing and languageimpaired children the main aim was to T0 the relationship between TR of words and nonwords and expressive language skills phonology and grammar in yearold children with language impairment the authors also wanted to explore the influence of lexical AS on TR skills the results showed that words were significantly easier to repeat than nonwords and that nonword repetition skills were significantly correlated to phonological and grammatical development the most important predictor of nonword TR skills was output phonology the conclusion is that nonword TR is not a single reliable index of phonological SM in preschool children with language impairment also the influence of prosodic variables on segmental aspects of speech production should not be overlooked in nonword construction since it was found that unstressed syllables were omitted six times more often in prestressed than in poststressed positions of the words and nonwords | MEDAL |
molecular targeted therapy in combination with chemotherapy or TRT has been studied in PCTs gefitinib or erlotinib in combination with standard chemotherapy did not improve efficacy on survival over standard chemotherapy CT in chemotherapynaive patients with T3 nsclc on the other hand bevacizumab in combination with standard chemotherapy improved survival in chemotherapynaive patients with advanced nsclc excluding squamous cell carcinoma multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with standard chemotherapy and antiegfr antibodies and egfr IMT kinase inhibitors in combination with thoracic radiotherapy are under PCTs | MEDAL |
MP mp SE of animals can result in an array of adverse pathological responses including hepatotoxicity this study investigates mRNA and histopathological alterations in response to mp treatment in order to utilize computational approaches to classify samples derived from livers of mp treated rats based on severity of toxicity incurred in the corresponding tissue to phenotypically anchor gene expression pattems and to gain insight into mechanisms of methapyrilene hepatotoxicity largescale differential mRNA levels associated with the SE of SD rats to the rodent hepatic carcinogen mp for or days after daily dosage with or mgkgday were monitored hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis were successful in classifying samples in PA with microscopic observations and revealed lowdose effects that were not observed histopathologically data from cdna microarray analysis corroborated observed histopathological alterations such as HCC necrosis bile duct hyperplasia microvesicular vacuolization and portal inflammation observed in the livers of mp exposed rats and provided insight intmore detailed exposure assessments relevant to children we also review and reference the key information sources available for such assessments and analyze the information and methods strengths and limitations | MEDAL |
in this paper we demonstrate the first use of a catecholic initiator for surfaceinitiated polymerization sip from metal surfaces to create antifouling polymer coatings a new bifunctional Inr inspired by mussel adhesive proteins was synthesized which strongly adsorbs to ti and l SS ss substrates providing an anchor for surface immobilization of grafted polymers surfaceinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization siatrp was performed through the adsorbed biomimetic initiator to polymerize methyl methacrylate macromonomers with oligoethylene glycol oeg side chains XPS surface ftir and CA analysis confirmed the sequential grafting of initiator and polymer and ellipsometry indicated the formation of polymer coatings of up to nm thickness cell adhesion experiments performed with tswiss albino fibroblasts showed substantially reduced cell adhesion onto polymer grafted ti and l ss substrates as compared to the unmodified metals moreover micropatterning of grafted CP coatings on ti surfaces was demonstrated by combining siatrp and molecular assembly patterning by liftoff mapl creating celladhesive and cellresistant regions for potential use as cell arrays due to the ability of catechols to bind to a large variety of inorganic surfaces this biomimetic anchoring strategy is expected to be a highly versatile tool for CP thin film surface modification for biomedical and other applications | MEDAL |
we report a case of paraspinal muscle infection shortly T3 EPI analgesia for labor pain in a nulliparous parturient who was subjected to emergent cesarean section because of FD epidural morphine was administered for days for postoperative pain control she began to have constant lower back pain on postpartum day magnetic resonance image T0 revealed a broad area of subcutaneous edema with a continuum along the catheter trajectory deep to the paraspinal muscles an injectionrelated bacterial infection was suspected the patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics and was soon cured uncomplicatedly epidural analgesia is effective to control labor pain and in GA it is safe however the sequelae of complicated infection may be underestimated we herein report a case complicated by iatrogenic infection discuss the causes and give suggestions for prevention | MEDAL |
the minimal inhibitory concentrations mics of lucknomycin a new polyenic derivative were determined for clinical isolates of candida clinical or environmental strains of aspergillus fumigatus and isolates of a niger the most susceptible species were CA and candida tropicalis mean mic microgramsml aspergillus spp were less susceptible with mean mics of microgramsml for aspergillus niger and microgramsml for aspergillus fumigatus | MEDAL |
schizophrenia is a complex illness with multiple pathophysiologic AF that contribute to its psychopathology one strategy to identify these factors is to observe them in isolation from each other by characterizing their expression in the relatives of schizophrenic probands by mendels second law each genetic factor should be independently distributed in a sibship so that each can be observed by itself uncomplicated by the GA problems of the illness such independently distributed phenotypes are obviously useful for genetic analyses however they can also be considered together to model how various BB dysfunctions may combine to produce psychoses in addition to a sensory gating deficit linked to the alpha nicotinic acetylcholine receptor locus schizophrenics and their families have a number of other deficits including decreased hippocampal volume on magnetic resonance images and increased plasma C2 of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid although such research is far from complete a heuristic MM combining a sensory gating deficit decreased hippocampal neuron capacity and increased dopaminergic neurotransmission is consonant with current understanding of the neuropsychology of schizophrenia | MEDAL |
biotechnologically produced succinic acid has the potential to displace maleic acid and its uses therefore it is of high interest for the chemical pharmaceutical and food industryin addition to optimized production strains and fermentation processes an efficient separation of succinic acid from the aqueous fermentation broth is indispensable to compete with the current petrochemical production of succinic acid isolation and purification of succinic acid from an escherichia coli fermentation broth were studied with two aminebased reactive extraction systems i trihexylamine in octanol and ii diisooctylamine and dihexylamine in a mixture of octanol and hexanol back SE of succinic acid from the organic phase was carried out using an AQ trimethylamine solution the trimethylammonium succinate generated T3 back SE was split with an evaporationbased crystallizationthe focus was on process integration for example reuse of the applied amines for extraction and back extraction it was shown that the maximum TMA concentration for back SE should not exceed the stoichiometric amount mol trimethylaminemol the succinic acid in the organic phase to ensure maximal SE yields with the reused organic phase in subsequent extractions moreover mixersettler SE and back extraction of succinic acid were scaled up from the milliliter to the literscale making use of liquidâliquid centrifuges the overall yield was of the succinic acid from thefermentation supernatant the final purity of the succinic acid crystals was organic phase and amines can easily be recycled and reused | MEDAL |
G1 human monocytes produce a monokine interleukin il which can amplify the immune response by inducing antigen specific t cells to elaborate t cell growth factor or interleukin which in turn causes TA to proliferate the immune adjuvant lentinan has been shown in this study to augment il production by THP-1 stimulation of il by lentinan was seen as early as hr with some effect as late as hr optimal effects were seen with very low concentrations around microgramsml lentinan was also able to stimulate il production by the leukemic cell L1 k the data reported here suggest that the previously reported adjuvant effects of LNT may in part be mediated via its ability to stimulate il production | MEDAL |
very high frequencies of phosphorylcholinespecific and idiotopepositive F0 cells were observed in SP and CL cells polyclonally stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in balbc mice these frequencies do not show any significant difference at birth in young and AD mice suggesting that antibody molecules analyzed arose from a single germ L1 heavy chain VL region gene segment the order of magnitude of these frequencies was comparable in germfree mice and conventionally reared balbc mice therefore external antigenic stimulation does not seem to be involved in the establishment of antibody specificity available repertoire | MEDAL |
the wilms RT gene wt encodes a transcription factor of the zincfinger family as a result of alternative rna splicing the gene can be expressed as four polypeptides which differ in the presence or absence of two stretches of amino acids one of residues aa just NT of the four zincfingers and of three residues kts between zinc finger and in this T0 four human cdna constructs encoding the wilms RT SVs were stably transfected into adenovirustransformed baby rat kidney adbrk cells the in vivo produced wt proteins that lacked the kts residues were found to bind efficiently to both the egr consensus CS and the recently described wte dna CS as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays our studies show distinct effects of the different wt isoforms expression of the wt protein lacking the aa insert strongly suppressed the tumorigenic phenotype of the adbrk cells intriguingly expression of the wt protein lacking both inserts increased the RT growth rate in contrast to the growth in vivo the growth rate of the transfectants in TC is not influenced by any of the wt isoforms however the suppression of tumorigenicity appears to be correlated with a reduced ability of the cells to grow in SF medium | MEDAL |
male postmi patients mean age years underwent swanganz catheterization using HG min using both hands at of the maximum voluntary capacity bicycle ergometry and a combination of both handgrip added T3 min of ergometry at each level of ergometry a mean of months after mi our aim was to determine to which level of DE the chosen HG exercise could be compared furthermore to examine the left VVI reaction pcp under these combined conditions because it mimics daily life situations using this combination of tests it should be possible to identify patients who should avoid static work our findings were as follows of the patients showed pathological pcps comparing the same level of double product no significant differences of pcp were found between dynamic and combined static dynamic exercise our handgrip exercise can replace dynamic exercise of w patients showed highly pathological pcp reactions with delta pcp greater than or equal to mm hg following handgrip exercise this extreme pcp reaction did not correlate with the appearance of stsegment depression in the exercise ecg nor with either infarction scar size nor heart volume as estimated by xray these findings demonstrate the importance of a staticdynamic exercise combination in evaluating pcp reactions in postmi patients the test allows one to select those mi patients who should avoid isometric work | MEDAL |
schizophyllan belongs to the betadglucan family and dissolves as a single chain in dimethyl sulfoxide dmso and as a triple helix in water respectively it is already known that when we prepare a mixture of polyc and schizophyllan in dmso and subsequently exchange the solvent to water polyc and schizophyllan can form a complex when we applied this procedure to the polyu system we could not induce the complex formation between polyu and SPG at all however we found that addition of some alkaline cations is necessary to induce the complexation between polyu and SPG the complex stability strongly depends on both the cation species and the salt concentration the complexation is sensitively reflected in the cd spectrum the magnitude of the spectral NC is followed by the order rb k na cs this cation order in the stability is confirmed by the fluorescence polarization measurements nanmr spectroscopy reveals that the product system is stabilized by addition of the cations suggesting that the oh group in schizophyllan and the phosphate anion in polyu synergistically form a TPS ligand system for the cations to the best of our knowledge such a cationinduced TPS interaction between saccharides and polynucleotides has not been reported and may provide a new clue to understand the biological role of betadglucans | MEDAL |
the decrease in resting core temperature t co and its relation to the reduced physiological strain during HA was analysed with rectal temperature data measured in three groups of eight seminude persons males females who were acclimated for consecutive days to dry humid and radiant heat respectively with equivalent wbgt degrees c by performing h TM work a fourth group followed the same protocol for days in a neutral climate after acclimation both resting t co prior to heat SE and final t co measured at the end of work were significantly reduced the reduction in final t co increased with decreasing ambient water vapour pressure and was higher for the data pooled over the heat conditions degrees c than in the neutral climate degrees c whereas resting t co declined similarly in the heat degrees c and the neutral environment degrees c the lowering of resting and final t co T3 heat acclimation showed a significant rho r and SRA showed that of the average reduction in final t co was attributable to the lowering of resting t co the same analysis was applied after extending the DB by ST series of clothed persons females males acclimated at and degrees c wbgt for days a significant correlation was found between the lowering of resting and final t co r that did not depend on climatic conditions and gender although the reduction in resting t co was significantly smaller for females degrees c than for males degrees c it is concluded that the lowering of resting core temperature contributes to the reduced physiological strain during heat acclimation similar effects under neutral conditions point to the exercise stimulus as a probable explanation | MEDAL |
the development of marsupial oocytes and embryos in vitro is reviewed most stages of OD have been cultured successfully usually in a complex medium with added fetal calf serum simpler media without added serum have been developed for fertilization and cleavage in vitro culture systems have been established for oocyte maturation and fertilization in the grey shorttailed opossum and for cleavage from the zygote to the early expanding unilaminar blastocyst in a number of other marsupials survival in vitro of the unilaminar and early bilaminar blastocyst stages is limited in all species examined in contrast late bilaminar trilaminar embryonic and fetal stages develop at rates approximating those in vivo more stages have been cultured successfully in sminthopsis macroura than in any other species it has been cultured from the late bilaminar blastocyst to within h of birth stages of cleavage and unilaminar blastocyst formation of monodelphis domestica timed by videotaping mating animals proceeded at similar rates in vivo and in vitro as in other marsupials cleavage in this opossum is characterized by a polarized conceptus this polarity is expressed in the CSD of organelles in the zygote and the localization of secretion of the EM material into the cleavage cavity and of the initial cellzona attachment because cellcell adhesion follows cellzona adhesion a unilaminar blastocyst forms without the OD of an intervening morula stage | MEDAL |
a new strategy for optimizing the first hyperpolarizability based on the concept of a modulated conjugated path in linear molecules is investigated a series of seven novel chromophores with different types of conjugated paths were synthesized and characterized hyperrayleigh scattering experiments confirmed that modulated conjugation paths that include BZ thiophene andor thiazole rings in combination with azo andor ethenyl linkages betweehat the induction of expression of the orexigenic molecules in npyagrp SN is an early event upon fasting related with changes in leptin insulin and gl C2 but with the role of leptin signaling in particular | MEDAL |
AF affecting the development of filial preferences in chicks were investigated four CG of chicks were hatched and maintained in darkness when the chicks were hr old three of these CG were exposed to an overhead CS primed for h when hr old all groups were placed in running wheels for hr while in the wheels one group was exposed to a visually complex DP one group to diffuse overhead CS and the remaining two CG one primed and one not primed were in darkness all chicks were then returned to a dark incubator until their preference for a red box or a stuffed jungle fowl was measured in a simultaneous choice test either hr test i or hr test ii later at test i the chicks which had been exposed to the complex visual DP showed a significant preference for the fowl chicks in the other CG showed no preference at test ii all groups showed a significant preference for the fowl the results of a second experiment suggested that the later emerging preference was related to the chicks experience in the running wheel it was concluded that the preference for the fowl will develop in entirely darkreared chicks that are allowed a period of time in a running wheel but that this preference will appear earlier in chicks which have had experience of a complex visual DP | MEDAL |
primary renal osteogenic sarcoma is a rare tumour which requires differentiation from osteoid formation in sarcomatoid variants of renal cell carcinoma the diagnosis in this case was suggested preoperatively by marked elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase in the absence of bone disease the poor prognosis is emphasized | MEDAL |
RA synovial fibroblasts were treated with purified porcine interleukin alpha and recombinant human interleukin b and the production of secreted and cellassociated plasminogen activator activity was measured no stimulation of plasminogen activator activity was seen in response to either preparation of interleukin and in more than half of the cell cultures interleukin caused a significant decrease in the secreted levels of pa activity increased C2 of prostaglandin e were produced in the same experiments indicating that the cells were responsive to the interleukin preparations both retinoic acid and unfractionated mo CS medium were able to stimulate the production of pa activity by the RA synovial FB cultures the RSF produced two species of plasminogen activator as indicated by sds PAGE with apparent mr of approx and the mr species comigrates with urokinasetype plasminogen activator no species is produced which comigrates with tissue type plasminogen activator studies with antibodies also indicate that the activity produced is uPA the mr species may be an enzymeinhibitor complex two nonrheumatoid synovial fibroblast cultures and two out of six human skin fibroblast cultures did produce elevated levels of plasminogen activator activity in response to recombinant human interleukin b the results suggest that fibroblast populations may differ in their response to interleukin in terms of production of plasminogen activator activity | MEDAL |
research has shown that SE to androgens and progestogens can cause undesirable biological responses in the environment to date however no detailed or direct study of their presence in wastewater treatment plants has been conducted in this study nine androgens nine progestogens and five Es were analyzed in influent and final effluent wastewaters in seven wastewater treatment plants wwtps of beijing china over a period of three weeks the average total hormone concentrations in influent wastewaters were wujiacun wwtp ngl fangzhuang wwtp androgens contributed of the total hormone concentrations in all wwtp influents with natural androgen androsterone ± ngl epiandrosterone ± ngl and androstenedione ± ngl being the predominant compounds the concentrations of synthetic progestogens megestrol acetate ± ngl norethindrone ± ngl and medroxyprogesterone acetate ± ngl were comparable to NK ones progesterone ± ngl αβdihydroxyprogegnenone ± ngl αhydroxyprogesterone ± ngl and αhydroxyprogesterone ± ngl probably due to the wide and relatively C1 usage of synthetic progestogens in medical therapy in wwtp effluents androgens were still the dominant class accounting for of total hormone concentrations followed by progestogens and estrogens androstenedione and testosterone were the main androgens detected in all effluents high RE was found for androgens and progestogens compared with Es with biodegradation the L1 removal route in wwtps different profiles of progestogens in the receiving rivers and wwtp effluents were observed which could be explained by the discharge of a mixture of treated and untreated wastewater into the receiving rivers | MEDAL |
cancer has a negative SVR impact on its host in addition to its local or metastatic effects and no cancer complication is more ubiquitous than anaemia a condition for which there is now a specific remedy the recombinant growth factor erythropoietin this is not a trivial therapeutic consideration because cancerassociated anaemia has an adverse influence on survival regardless of tumour type however the pharmacological correction of anaemia with recombinant erythropoietin could promote tumour growth whereas the use of tumournecrosis factoralpha TNF and tnfrelated apoptosisinducing ligand as antitumour agents could exacerbate anaemia thereby perpetuating tissue hypoxia and tumour progression | MEDAL |
T3 primary immunization with an immunogenic conjugate of hydroxynitrophenylacetyl two anatomically and phenotypically distinct populations of antibodyforming cells arise in the SP as early as d after immunization foci of Fab b cells are observed along the periphery of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths these foci expand occupying as much as of the splenic volume by day of the response later foci grow smaller and are virtually absent from the SP by day a second responding population germinal center B1 appear on day and persist at least until day postimmunization individual foci and germinal centers represent discrete pauciclonal populations that apparently undergo somatic evolution in the course of the primary response we suggest that foci may represent regions of predominantly interclonal competition for antigen among unmutated B1 while GCs are sites of intraclonal clonal competition between mutated sister lymphocytes | MEDAL |
an in vivo neutron activation system for measuring kidney Cd has been redesigned firstly to reduce ambient dose levels and secondly to improve the Cd signal to neutron dose ratio by modifying the neutron spectrum from pube by interposing a beryllium premoderator the ambient dose was reduced by a factor of seven the overall system performance lower limit of detection for a given dose was improved by this pube based system now performs as well as or better than analogous cf systems without the drawback of the relatively short t1/2 of cf | MEDAL |
the efficacy of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate bdp was examined in patients with chronic persistent asthma uncontrolled by inhaled bronchodilators and oral theophylline beclomethasone was administered at a dose of mcg a day using a metered dose inhaler containing mcg of bdp per dose the medication was administered twice daily three mcg puffs at am and three at pm the patients were assessed by means of clinical examination diary records and daily PF rate pfr measurement made at home the therapeutic responses were measured over an wk period the CS improved significantly before and T3 p and the peak flow rate rose from baseline mean value of predicted value to with significant improvement p of the total of patients achieved complete control of symptoms and normal values of pfr remained with sporadic wheezing but wim cells lacking cfos can differentiate into a wide range of cell types in tissue SC and also in chimeric mice we conclude that despite a C1 body of literature suggesting an important role for cfos in cell growth and differentiation in at least some cell types this gene is not essential for these processes | MEDAL |
in budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae the majority of box haca small nucleolar rnps snornps have been shown to direct sitespecific pseudouridylation of rrna among the known protein components of haca snornps the essential nucleolar protein cbfp is the most likely pseudouridine psi synthase cbfp has considerable CS similarity to escherichia coli trubp a known psi synthase and shares the kp and xld conserved CS motifs found in the catalytic domains of three distinct families of known and putative psi synthases to gain additional evidence on the role of cbfp in rrna biosynthesis we have used in vitro mutagenesis techniques to introduce various alanine substitutions into the putative psi synthase domain of cbfp yeast strains expressing these mutated cbf genes in a cbfdelta null background are viable at degrees c but display pronounced cold and heatsensitive growth phenotypes most of the mutants contain reduced levels of psi in rrna at extreme temperatures substitution of alanine for an aspartic acid residue in the conserved xld motif of cbfp mutant cbfda abolishes in vivo pseudouridylation of rrna some of the mutants are temperature CS both for growth and for formation of psi in the rrna in most cases the impaired growth phenotypes are not relieved by transcription of the rrna from a polymerase iidriven promoter indicating the absence of polymerase irelated transcriptional defects there is little or no abnormal accumulation of prerrnas in these mutants although preferential inhibition of s rrna synthesis is seen in mutant cbfda which lacks psi in rrna a subset of mutations in the psi synthase domain impairs association of the altered cbfp proteins with selected box haca snornas suggesting that the PET catalytic domain is essential for that interaction our results provide additional evidence that cbfp is the psi synthase component of box haca snornps and suggest that the pseudouridylation of rrna although not absolutely required for cell survival is essential for the formation of fully PET ribosomes | MEDAL |
the essexlopresti injury is an extremely rare condition combining radial head or neck fracture distal radioulnar joint dislocation and rupture of the interosseous membrane however there are rare or unusual varieties or associated injuries we report a case of a yearold woman with a posterior dislocation of the radiohumeral joint a radial shaft fracture and a distal radioulnar joint dislocation she underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the radial shaft fracture followed by an immobilization by a long elbow splint in supination for weeks at months of followup she was asymptomatic and she had a full range of elbow and wrist motion and had resumed thoroughly her previous job the essexlopresti injury results from a complex injury to the forearm axis with resultant longitudinal instability which can be challenging to treat there are some variations that can lead to a missed diagnosis resulting in persistent pain and instability of a powerful engine for chemical discovery and design will be achieved the holy grails of this field involve methods to enable the accurate and efficient prediction of structures and properties of complex biological systems and materials the principal holy grail is a routine computational method for the prediction and design of multicomponent often heterogeneous FS and devices | MEDAL |
sphincter continence and sexual function require coordinated activity of autonomic and somatic neural pathways which communicate at several C2 in the human pelvis however classical dissection approaches are only of limited value for the determination and examination of thin nerve fibres belonging to autonomic supralevator and somatic infralevator pathways in this T0 we aimed to identify the location and nature of communications between these two pathways by combining TPS neuronal immunohistochemical IF and threedimensional reconstruction imaging we studied normal human fetal pelvic specimens seven male and seven female weeks gestation by threedimensional computerassisted anatomic dissection caad with neural nitrergic and myelin sheath markers we determined the precise location and distribution of both the supra and infralevator neural pathways for which we provide a threedimensional presentation we found that the two pathways crossed each other distally in an xshaped area in two spatial planes they yielded dual innervation to five targets the anal sphincter levator ani muscles urethral sphincter corpus spongiosum and perineal muscles and CC the two pathways communicated at three C2 PT supralevator intermediary intralevator and distal infralevator the dorsal penisclitoris nerve dn had segmental nitrergic activity the proximal dn was nnosnegative whereas the distal dn was nnospositive distal communication was found to involve interaction of the autonomic nitrergic cavernous nerves with somatic nitrergic branches of the dn with nitrergic activity carried in the distal part of the nerve in conclusion the pelvic structures responsible for sphincter continence and SF receive dual innervation from the autonomic supralevator and the somatic infralevator pathways these two pathways displayed PT intermediate and distal communication the distal communication between the cn and branches of the dn extended nitrergic activity to the distal part of the cavernous bodies in fetuses of both sexes these structures are important for erectile function and care should therefore be taken to conserve this communication during reconstructive surgery | MEDAL |
the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of highly porous biosilicate® scaffolds on bone healing in a tibial bone defect MM in rats by means of histological evaluation histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis of the bone callus and the SVR inflammatory response ELISA assay eighty WR weeksold weighing± g were randomly divided into groups n per EG per time point control group and biosilicate® group bg each group was euthanized and days postsurgery histological findings revealed a similar inflammatory response in both exp CG and days postsurgery during the experimental periods days postsurgery it was observed that the biomaterial degradation mainly in the periphery region provided the OD of the newly formed bone into the scaffolds immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that the biosilicate® scaffolds stimulated cyclooxygenase VE growth factor and runtrelated transcription factor expression furthermore in the immunoenzymatic assay bg presented no difference in the level of TN factor alpha in all experimental periods still bg showed a higher level of interleukin after days postimplantation and a lower level of interleukin in days postsurgery our results demonstrated that biosilicate® scaffolds can contribute for bone formation through a suitable architecture and by stimulating the synthesis of markers related to the bone repair | MEDAL |
we studied the effect of inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mtp on apolipoprotein apo b translation and secretion using hepg cells the mtpmediated lipid transfer activity was reduced using a TPS mtp inhibitor apob translation was synchronized by treatment with puromycin prior to lsmethionine pulsechase labeling during the first min of chase synthesis of apob polypeptides the size of kda was insensitive to the inhibitor suggesting that inhibition of mtp did not affect the initiation of apob translation T3 min of chase the kda species were chased into polypeptides larger than kda ie apob or of fulllength apob in both control and inhibitortreated cells however the amount of these polypeptides decreased by for apob by for apob by for apob and by for apob upon mtp inhibition no accumulation of smaller polypeptides was observed but total immunoprecipitable apob radioactivity was decreased suggesting that apob could undergo cotranslational Kd when mtp activity was reduced inhibitors of the MCP complex proteasome such as lactacystin or mg could prevent apob cotranslational Kd nevertheless mg could not avoid the mtp inhibitor decreasing apob secretion but rather induced the accumulation of secretionincompetent apob in the cell these results indicate that mtp activity is required during the elongation of apob polypeptides particularly at the sequences downstream of carboxyl terminus of apob cotranslational degradation might constitute a more general mechanism of early quality control for C1 or complex proteins | MEDAL |
the role of nitric oxide and guanosine cyclic monophosphate cgmp accumulation in the EDR of the porcine coronary artery to BK was investigated by comparing EC50 and cgmp accumulation in the presence or absence of ngmonomethyllarginine lnmma and methylene blue rings were treated with indomethacin to eliminate the effects of prostaglandins EC50 to bradykinin of rings contracted with the thromboxane a mimetic u was not affected by lnmma and was only minimally inhibited by methylene blue rings contracted with elevated potassium mm also relaxed CR to BK however lnmma or methylene blue effectively inhibited EC50 to BK in rings contracted with potassium cgmp accumulation was stimulated by bradykinin and inhibited by lnmma or methylene blue in rings contracted with either u or potassium these results suggest that in the absence of nitric oxideinduced cgmp accumulation a nonprostanoid mechanism exists that is capable of CR relaxing ucontracted PD this mechanism is either inhibited in or unable to relax potassiumcontracted rings these results also demonstrate that nitric oxide mediates the bradykinininduced cgmp accumulation that is largely responsible for the relaxation during contraction with potassium | MEDAL |
hepatosplenic tcell lymphoma is a highly aggressive RT with a poor outcome about cases were identified through pubmed of which fewer than originated in asia we reviewed chinese cases of hepatosplenic TCL including an unusual one with cutaneous pink papules for clinicopathologic immunophenotypic and genotypic features epsteinbarr virus status treatment and outcome the median age of the patients was years all patients had splenomegaly and of them had hepatomegaly as well BMI was present in eleven patients underwent splenectomy for diagnosis and treatment twelve specimens were collected by imageguided CL CB or wedge resection histologically the homogeneous small to mediumsize neoplastic lymphoid cells infiltrated the sinuses or sinusoids of the SP bone marrow and liver diagnosis was based on imageguided coreneedle biopsy of the CL CT in of the cases immunohistochemically of the lesions were hepatosplenic γδ tcell lymphoma and the remaining were hepatosplenic αβ tcell lymphoma epsteinbarr virus was detected in both cases of HS αβ TCL and one case of HS γδ TCL most of the patients received cyclophosphamide doxorubicin vincristine and prednisone therapy or regimens similar to it followup data were available in of the patients half of them died of the tumor and the median survival time was months the frequency of bone marrow involvement was lower than that reported in the literature imageguided coreneedle biopsy of the CL is recommended for diagnosis | MEDAL |
t lymphocytes represent an important part of adaptive IS undertaking different functions to regulate immune responses cd TA are the most important activator cells in inflammatory conditions depending on the type of induced cells and inflamed CS expression and activity of different subtypes of helper t cells are changed recent studies have confirmed the existence of a new subset of Th called th naive TA can differentiate into th subtypes if they are exposed simultaneously by interleukin il and transforming growth factor β and also secondary activation of a complicated network of transcription factors such as interferon regulatory factor irf and smads which are essential for adequate induction of this phenotype th cells specifically produce interleukin and their probable roles in promoting intestinal inflammation are being investigated in human subjects and exp models of ulcerative colitis uc recently infiltration of th cells overexpression of il and certain genes associated with th differentiation have been demonstrated in inflammatory microenvironment of uc intestinal oversecretion of il protein is likely to break down epithelial barriers and compromise tolerance to certain commensal microorganisms which leads to inflammation th pathogenicity has not yet been adequately explored in uc and they are far from being considered as inflammatory cells in this milieu therefore precise understanding the role of these newly identified cells in particular their potential role in gut pathogenesis may enable us to develop novel therapeutic approaches for inflammatory bowel disease so this article tries to discuss the latest knowledge on the abovementioned field | MEDAL |
a variety of ocular anomalies have been described in the rare ring and q terminal deletion syndromes yet the character prevalence and extent of these anomalies are not well defined ID of these ocular anomalies can be CE to providing diagnoses and facilitating optimal individual patient management we report a child with a q terminal deletion and ring chromosome formation presenting with severe visual impairment secondary to significant BL coloboma and microphthalmia this patient is compared to previously reported patients with similar ocular findings and deletion sizes to further refine a locus for coloboma in the q terminal region those with ring formation and linear deletions are compared and the possibility of ring formation affecting the proximal q region is discussed this report highlights the severity of ocular anomalies that can be associated with ring and q terminal deletion syndromes and reveals the limited documentation of ocular examination in these two related syndromes this suggests that many children with these genetic changes do not undergo an ophthalmology examination as part of their clinical assessment yet it is only when this evaluation becomes routine that the true prevalence and extent of ocular involvement can be defined this report therefore advocates for a thorough ophthalmological exam in children with ring or q terminal deletion syndrome | MEDAL |
the effects of caregivertherapist ethnic similarity on youth outcomes from multisystemic therapy mst as implemented in dissemination CS were examined consistent with hypotheses findings confirmed that youths whose caregivers were ethnically matched with their therapists demonstrated greater decreases in symptoms longer times in treatment and increased likelihood of discharge for meeting treatment goals relative to youths whose CGs and therapists were not ethnically matched in addition for youths whose CGs were of mixed ethnic heritage caregivertherapist ethnic match was associated with greater improvements in psychosocial SF-36 ethnic match effects on both treatment length and discharge success were partially mediated by therapist adherence to mst this T0 shows the importance of examining the effects of both client and therapist ethnicity on outcomes from empirically based treatments | MEDAL |
longterm potentiation is an experimental paradigm used to study synaptic STDP and memory mechanisms one similarity between LT potentiation and SM is the existence of several distinct phases however our preliminary quantal analysis did not reveal essential differences in expression mechanisms of the early h and later up to h phases of longterm potentiation the data were compatible with presynaptic mechanisms of both phases another approach to distinguish between presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms is analysis of interaction between LT potentiation and presynaptic pairedpulse facilitation such analysis had been previously done mainly with recordings of field potentials reflecting the activity of large neuronal populations only the early potentiation phase had been previously analysed with recordings from single SN the results from different groups were contradictory in the present T0 minimal excitatory postsynaptic potentials were recorded from ca pyramidal neurons of rat HPC slices pairedpulse facilitation ratios were calculated for various periods up to h following induction of LT potentiation the ratio persistently decreased in the majority of neurons following longterm potentiation induction the decrease in the PPF ratio correlated with the magnitude of longterm potentiation and with the initial pretetanic facilitation ratio therefore the GA results of the present analysis was similar with the results of the quantal analysis it is consistent with a strong involvement of presynaptic mechanisms in maintenance of both early and late phases of longterm potentiation however individual neurons could show VL changes in the pairedpulse facilitation eg increases at late h periods after tetanus calculations of partial correlations and SRA indicated that positive correlation between potentiation magnitude and initial pretetanic PPF tended to increase in the late potentiation phase h posttetanus indicating that different mechanisms are involved in the early h posttetanus and the late phase of LT potentiation the findings are compatible with involvement of presynaptic mechanisms in both the early and late phases of LT potentiation however the results suggest that contribution of changes in Pr and in effective number of transmitter PR sites may differ during the two phases it is suggested that activation of silent synapses and increases in the number of transmission zones due to pre and postsynaptic structural rearrangements represent important mechanisms of the L-LTP | MEDAL |
although inflammation in the large central airways has been the subject of numerous asthma studies inflammation in the small distal airways remained largely unexamined because of the relative inaccessibility of these structures however fiberoptic bronchoscopy combining endobronchial and transbronchial biopsy now allows specimens to be obtained from both PT and distal Az of the lung newly refined morphometric and immunocytochemical techniques have been applied to both autopsy and lung biopsy specimens together these technological changes have had a profound impact on the T0 of small airway inflammation now it is understood that the asthmaassociated inflammation evident in the C1 airways occurs in the distal airways as well the inflammatory process in the two regions has related features infiltrates contain G1 t lymphocytes and eosinophils increased mucus plugging and smooth muscle hyperplasia can be observed although the similarities are pronounced inflammation in the small airways differs in important ways from C1 airway inflammation the eosinophilic infiltration that occurs throughout the asthmatic lung also is AS in the small airways the contribution of small airway inflammation to deficits in pulmonary CF has been clarified by thoracic highresolution computed tomography imaging results of such imaging suggest that the distal airways are a major site of AO in patients with asthma and may play a significant role in airway hyperresponsiveness both disorders are cardinal features of asthma in addition PET bronchoscopic studies of the small airways in asthma patients have found high IP airflow resistance even when lung function appears normal current formulations of inhaled antiinflammatory medications particularly corticosteroids administered by metered dose inhalers using chlorofluorocarbon propellants treat the proximal airways more effectively than the distal airways however some new formulations of inhaled CS that utilize HFA propellants produce aerosols of smaller average particle size with greater penetration into the peripheral airways their potential to treat inflammation at IP sites may account for the significant improvements in asthma outcomes that have been reported in clinical trials of these new formulations | MEDAL |
penile selfinjection of various oils is still carried out among eastern europe people for penile girth augmentation despite the potential destructive complications of this practice are well known penile reactions to such foreign HB include scarring PA formation ulceration and even FG voiding problems due to mineral oil selfinjection have been reported only once to our knowledge we describe the first case of paraffin selfinjection for penile girth augmentation presenting with acute urinary retention | MEDAL |
this singledose openlabel parallelgroup study compared the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of mg doses of nateglinide a physiologic mealtime glucose regulator for type diabetes in subjects with cirrhosis and matched HS in both CG plasma concentration peaked in a median of hours and mean terminal beta halflives were comparable mean sd pharmacokinetic parameters in cirrhotic versus healthy subjects were slightly different cmax vs microgramsml auct vs microgramshml respectively mean apparent total clearance and mean renal clearance in both CG were comparable mean proteinbound fractions were equivalent IB appeared unaltered by metabolites one cirrhotic and HS each reported one adverse event no statistically significant or clinically relevant alteration in pharmacokinetic parameters of nateglinide resulted from hepatic dysfunction and it was well tolerated therefore adjustment of nateglinide dosage is not required in subjects with mild to moderate cirrhosis | MEDAL |
an DUE of surviving OP LTR at one center showed that had significant anemia hemoglobin gl for women gdl for men at a median followup of months Tx range months there were men and women with a mean age of years range years fifteen had a double allograft and had a single allograft anemia was normochromic and normocyticmacrocytic with a tendency to anisocytosis with normal reticulocyte counts iron deficiency transferrin saturation was found in of anemic patients and two of them also had FER levels microgramsl in addition vitamin b was decreased in patient folate C2 were all normal erythropoietin C2 were significantly decreased in anemic lung transplant recipients as compared with nontransplanted irondeficient anemic patients median muml range muml vs muml muml p in nonanemic LTR erythropoietin C2 were decreased too as compared with NCs median muml range muml vs muml muml p investigation of IP stem cells in patients showed normal stimulation of erythroids burstforming unit erythroid median cellsml range cellsml independent of erythropoietin concentrations analysis of putative prognostic factors such as age surgical procedure double vs single lung allograft indication for transplantation time Tx infection status presence of BO IS azathioprine serum creatinine creatinine clearance hypertension and PaO(2) did not demonstrate any difference in erythropoietin concentrations only the sex VL revealed a trend to higher levels in women than in men median muml range muml vs muml muml p the causes for low erythropoietin C2 are not quite understood yet however they offer a rationale for the treatment of chronic anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin | MEDAL |
anastomotic leakage al is a severe complication after low anterior resection lar in rectal cancer surgery a diverting loop ileostomy has been reported to reduce early clinical al and thereby decrease ST morbidity less is known if LT morbidity is affected by a loop ileostomy constructed at lar | MEDAL |
a study was made to identify the cells which give origin to the preganglionic visceral efferent SF to the intralingual PG in the tongue of the albino rat by the horseradish peroxidase hrp method the mediumsized multipolar SN whose cell HB were filled with hrp were located in the lateral reticular formation at the level between the FMN and the superior olivary nucleus these hrplabeled neurons were identified as belonging to the superior salivatory nuclear complex there was no discernible topographical separation within the superior salivatory nucleus for the SM glands and intralingual PG | MEDAL |
the piglets of two multiplier herds m and b showing clinically apparent AR ar were treated by the nasalspray method a solution of OTC hydrochloride otc mgml was used as a spray fluid the course of the disease in the herds was followed by studying the OD of foreshortening of the upper jaws in the heads brachygnathia superior bs from the eighth to tenth week of life efforts were made to gain an impression of the effects of treatment on the frequency with which bordetella bronchiseptica and pasteurella multocida were isolated by bacteriological examination of the nose treatment by the nasalspray method up to an age of approximately five weeks of seven weeks were treated at least once weekly the proportion of animals in which the disease was clinically apparent decreased from per cent to per cent in herd m and from per cent to per cent in herd b treatment by the nasalspray method up to an age approximately five weeks in which feed medicated with otc was also given up to the age of eight to ten weeks also had a satisfactory effect the frequency with which bordetella bronchiseptica and pasteurella multocida were isolated was reduced by treatment beta of these agents was not | MEDAL |
the hedonic impact of taste is reflected in affective facial reactions made by human infants other primates and even rats originally studied in human infants affective reactions to taste have also been used by affective neuroscience to identify hedonic brain systems in studies of animals via application of neural stimulation pharmacological activation and neural lesion manipulations the chief limitation of measuring affective reactions is that it is difficult for experimenters to know how to interpret them and therefore how to interpret changes produced by BB manipulations this paper notes guidelines to interpretation it examines the phylogenetic continuity between humans other primates and rats in terms of the microstructure of tasteelicited affective reactions it reviews evidence that affective taste reactivity patterns truly reflect a core hedonic process of palatability or affect rather than being an ingestion measure consummatory behavior measure or a sensory reflex measure it reviews affective neuroscience studies of taste reactivity that have identified true hedonic brain substrates and discriminated them from false hedonic brain substrates it considers the neural bases of incentive wanting versus liking finally it notes the difference between human subjective affective ratings of pleasure and core hedonic processes reflected by behavioral affective reactions | MEDAL |
congenital muscular dystrophy cmd comprises a heterogeneous group of muscle disorders we report on two stillborn sibs with early lethal cmd and a prematurely born boy who died within T2 after birth the pregnancies were complicated by polyhydramnios all presented with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita severe muscle wasting LH and hydrops the muscle biopsies showed fibrosis R2 in fiber size and extensive fat replacement compatible with muscular dystrophy fatal cmd seems to be distinct from cmd with survival T3 birth and is probably autosomal recessively inherited | MEDAL |
tlymphocyte subpopulations antithyroid microsomal antibody titres and free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels were investigated in patients with GD before during and after pregnancy twenty pregnant subjects and normal agematched nonpregnant female volunteers served as controls Pr patients with graves disease showed decrease levels of free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine and decreased titres of antithyroid microsomal antibodies with clinical remission during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy post partum patients showed clinical relapse and all showed a return of enhanced C2 of free triiodothyronine free thyroxine and antithyroid microsomal antibodies the percentage and absolute number of total tlymphocytes okt and okt cells significantly decreased during pregnancy in patients with GD and in normal women post partum okt and okt cells returned to prepregnancy levels in both groups in graves patients and in controls the percentage and absolute number of okt cells during pregnancy and post partum were not significantly different from prepregnancy C2 lastly the oktokt ratio which decreased in normal subjects at the three sampling times during pregnancy decreased only in the last two trimesters of pregnancy in patients with graves disease | MEDAL |
we measured attentional capacity as normal elderly subjects were TR in techniques to improve facename recall techniques consisted of RT and a mnemonic device anxiety was measured simultaneously with attentional measures we hypothesized that our techniques would increase available memory processing capacity by improving attention and reducing anxious rumination results indicated that subjects showing the greatest reduction in anxiety and cognitive interference and the greatest increase in attention also showed the most facename recall following training the results suggest that the elderlys anxiety has a cognitive component that interferes with performance on attentional and memory tasks but which can be reduced through relaxation training | MEDAL |
this study focuses on a possible role of intercellular adhesion molecule icam in interstitial pulmonary diseases we determined a soluble form of icam in SS and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid balf using elisa in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia uip bronchiolitis obliterance OP boop or nonspecific interstitial pneumonia nsip in addition we investigated the expression of icam in the lung tissues of these patients by means of immunohistochemical staining SS levels of soluble icam were significantly higher in patients with uip or nsip than in healthy subjects and were also high in patients with boop the soluble icam in balf tended to be higher in patients with uip boop or nsip than in normal subjects a significant correlation was seen between soluble C2 of icam in SS and balf in the immunostaining of icam of the lung tissues icam expression was more pronounced in patients with uip than in those with boop or nsip the increased expression of icam was seen in type ii AM epithelium and V1 endothelium in patients with interstitial pneumonia a positive correlation was observed between the degree of icam expression in the lung tissues and the balf levels of soluble icam the expression of icam in type ii AM epithelium suggests that icam plays a specific role in the fibrotic process of the lung and that the material collected at m from m water depth are discussed and compared with that of surface sediment from m water depth Mw fluxes for specific organic compound classes have been computed the fluxes are of the same magnitude as for equatorial north atlantic trap particulates at comparable water depth studied by other investigations | MEDAL |
solitary fibrous tumors sft and HPCs hpc are soft tissue PT with known histologic and immunohistochemical overlap a series of these tumors located in the orbit were analyzed in order to determine whether they could be reclassified based on currently recognized histologic criteria ten orbital spindle cell lesions all of which were positive for cd antigen were examined diagnostic criteria for sft included a cytologically bland spindle cell lesion with VL cellularity and focal dense collagenization with diffuse strong cd reactivity while the criteria for hpc required a more monotonous cellular proliferation without significant variability in cellularity a staghorn V1 pattern minimal collagenization and focal or absent cd staining tumors with typical histologic and immunohistochemical features of hpc or sft were diagnosed as hpc and sft respectively those PT with histologic or antigenic profiles not classic for hpc or sft were defined as indeterminate three lesions were classified as sft and tumor was diagnosed as hpc through use of the abovecited histologic criteria all lesions showed positive IF of RT cells with cd antigen in varying amounts and were negative for cytokeratin ae EMA cd and factor xiiia one solitary fibrous RT focally stained for s protein and hemangiopericytoma was focally positive for hhf of the analyzed tumors were classified as ind furthermore lesion whose primary histology was that of an sft recurred years later with an appearance consistent with an indeterminate lesion our results call into question the present histologic separatameter decreased from to mm for the sec exposures at mwcm a blink reflex was observed on of trials under the dim ambient conditions and not observed on trials under bright conditions for and sec exposures at mwcm a BR was observed on four bright and dim of the trials for conditions evaluated pupillary constriction was consistent and provided some protection when the exposure duration exceeded the pupillary LP however a blink reflex was observed on only a limited number of trials possibly due to the exposure dose the small retinal irradiance diameter produced by the laser SE and the volunteers attention to the demanding performance task | MEDAL |
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